GMAT by Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University

2009

EUROPEAN

Geographic Trend Report for GMAT速 Examinees

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EUROPEAN Geographic Trend Report for GMAT® Examinees

he European Geographic Trend Report for GMAT® Examinees identifies migratory trends among GMAT examinees applying to and attending graduate business school. Geographic and background data collected after each examinee completes the GMAT exam are used and combined with score-sending patterns. Together they illustrate which countries and schools are of interest to citizens of various European countries. Data from the most recent testing year are compared against data from four years prior to identify changes in examinee preferences.

Geographic Trend Reports were first introduced in 2005 as part of the GMAC® Research Report Series. The trend series has since grown based on requests for annual updates and specialized reports for individual regions, including Asia, Europe, and North America. If you would like an electronic copy of this or any other Geographic Trend Report, visit gmac.com/ GeographicTrends. If you have questions about this publication, please contact us at research@gmac.com.

The European Geographic Trend Report for GMAT® Examinees is a product of the Graduate Management Admission Council (GMAC®), a global nonprofit education organization of leading graduate business schools and the owner of the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®). The GMAT exam is an important part of the admissions process for approximately 4,750 graduate management programs around the world. GMAC is dedicated to creating access to and disseminating information about graduate management education; these schools and others rely on the Council as the premier provider of reliable data about the graduate management education industry. © 2010 Graduate Management Admission Council® (GMAC®). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, distributed, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of GMAC. For permission, contact the GMAC legal department at legal@gmac.com. GMAC®, GMAT®, Graduate Management Admission Council®, and Graduate Management Admission Test® are registered trademarks of the Graduate Management Admission Council in the United States and other countries.

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CONTENTS

KEY FINDINGS .......................................................................... 2 METHODOLOGY........................................................................ 4 EUROPEAN TESTING ENVIRONMENT ....................................... 5 Location of GMAT Examinees ............................................................... 5 Citizenship of GMAT Examinees ........................................................... 6 Attractiveness of Programs in Europe ...................................................... 7 Score Reports ..................................................................................... 8

REGIONAL SCORE-SENDING PATTERNS ................................... 9 All European Citizens ......................................................................... 10 German Citizens ............................................................................... 12 French Citizens ................................................................................. 14 United Kingdom Citizens .................................................................... 16 Russian Citizens ................................................................................ 18 Italian Citizens .................................................................................. 20 Greek Citizens .................................................................................. 22 Spanish Citizens ................................................................................ 24 Dutch Citizens ................................................................................... 26 Swiss Citizens ................................................................................... 28 Portuguese Citizens ........................................................................... 30

AUTHORSHIP ........................................................................... 32 CONTACT INFORMATION ....................................................... 32 Acknowledgements ........................................................................... 32

APPENDIX: REGIONAL CATEGORIES ...................................... 32

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

INTRODUCTION

his report presents country and regional-level analyses of student interest in graduate management education (GME) by examining data collected from European citizens taking the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®) during the 2005 and 2009 testing years (TY).

Emphasis is placed on the destination of their score reports. Two important types of information relating to the geographic program preferences of examinees were derived from GMAT score-sending data. First, absolute change in the overall number of GMAT score reports that are sent each year reflects the physical size of the annual student pipeline. Absolute change tends to fluctuate widely depending on yearly testing volume. Second, relative change measures the proportion of total scores sent to a given country or region and reveals structural changes in market share. Relative change is generally more stable over time. Understanding both types of

information—absolute and relative—enhances a school’s ability to navigate the student pipeline and recruit effectively. Major differences in score-sending behavior were observed between TY 2005 and TY 2009 for many citizen groups in this report. This is not surprising given the global nature of higher education today, which is characterized by innovation and constant change. Many factors influence the attractiveness of certain programs to students and also the ability of students to pursue management education. This report identifies the aggregate effects of such dynamics.

Key Findings • Europe has become an increasingly attractive destination for prospective business school students from around the globe. The number of GMAT score reports received by programs in the top 10 European countries increased 96 percent between TY 2005 and TY 2009, outpacing a worldwide increase of 41 percent over the same period. The leading European destinations to which all examinees sent score reports in TY 2009 were the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and the Netherlands. •

The top five European citizen groups that sat for the GMAT exam in TY 2009 were German, French, those from the United Kingdom, Russian, and Italian. As a group, European citizens combined took 23,224 GMAT exams in TY 2009 and sent a total of 50,893 score reports, a 31 percent increase from TY 2005.

•

On average, European examinees sent only 2.2 score reports each in TY 2009—the lowest average of any world region—as European students tend to focus on fewer graduate programs than students elsewhere.

•

Schools within Europe continued their success in retaining a greater percentage of their domestic and regional talent. In TY 2009, schools within Europe received the majority of score reports that were sent by many of the European citizen groups identified in this report. The relative gains made by European schools have come largely at the expense of schools in the United States and Canada. The proportion of European score reports received by schools in the United States, for example, was 41 percent in TY 2009, down from 49 percent in TY 2005. Meanwhile, the proportion of European score reports received by the United Kingdom, France, and Spain increased 6 percent between TY 2005 and TY 2009.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

INTRODUCTION

Geographic data collected from TY 2005 to TY 2009 included the examinee’s mailing address at the time of registration and country of citizenship. The proportion of citizens testing within their country of residence differs greatly among groups, as shown below in Figure 1. Figure 1: GMAT® Exams Taken in the Top 10 Countries in Europe in TY 2009 GMAT ® Exams Taken in TY 2009 5,000

4,000

by Citizenship

by Candidate Location

Spain

Netherlands Switzerland

3,000

2,000

1,000

0 United Kingdom

Germany

France

Italy

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

Greece

Russia

Portugal

METHODOLOGY

Methodology This report presents analysis of data from the 10 European citizenship groups with the largest number of GMAT examinations. Information was obtained from examinees’ responses to the Background Information Questionnaire administered as part of the GMAT exam, score-reporting information from examinee records, and from other registration information for testing years 2005 through 2009, each beginning July 1 and ending June 30, mirroring the academic year. Although five-year data from TY 2005 to TY 2009 are provided for general trend purposes, data specific to TY 2005 and TY 2009 provide the primary basis for analysis. This report closely examines data from the 17,933 records of European citizen examinees in 2005 and the 23,224 records of European citizen examinees in 2009 who sat for the GMAT exam one or more times during those years. Eastern European citizens made up 4,023 of all European citizen examinees in TY 2005, a number that grew to 5,668 in TY 2009. For the fourth year in a row, however, only one Eastern European country—Russia—ranked among the top 10 countries in the European region based on the number of GMAT exams taken. When taking the GMAT exam, test takers have the option to submit their score report to up to five schools or programs at no charge. Once examinees leave the test center, they may request additional copies of their score report for a fee. For every test taken, the first 10 score report recipients are recorded. Score reports were aggregated and grouped by school location and university for TY 2005 and by school location, university, and program for TY 2009. Due to a change in vendors for the GMAT exam in 2006, school data are examined down to the program level for TY 2009. Program-level data are unavailable for TY 2005; therefore, school-level data are used. Throughout this report, school names followed by “MBA” indicate full-time programs unless otherwise specified. Examinees were asked to name their country of citizenship at the time of registration, and this information was used to group examinees into two regional categories: Eastern Europe and Western Europe.1 Country of citizenship and score-reporting behavior were used to gauge regional trends and changes in examinee preferences regarding school locations. The top 10 schools (by score report volume) for each of the largest citizenship groups are listed for the two years studied to reveal further changes. The data analyzed take into account tests taken, not individual test takers. Any examinees who took the test more than once are represented in the analyses by the number of times they took the test. The average percentage of tests taken by repeat examinees is approximately 15 percent to 22 percent. Furthermore, the results presented in this report are generalizations that will not apply to every student. GMAT score-sending trends generally indicate examinee interest in studying in a particular region. Other factors, such as changes in school application requirements and national visa policies, also influence these trends and should be taken into consideration when evaluating this report. In 2006, GMAC switched vendors with the goal of increasing access to the GMAT. The effects of that switch are most evident in the TY 2007 to TY 2009 data. It is also important to note when reviewing these results that it is not mandatory for examinees to respond to the background information questions in order to register for the GMAT exam. As a result, not all test takers are represented in this analysis. The percentage of “missing” or unreported background information, however, is extremely low for both analyzed testing years.

The Appendix includes a complete list of countries in these categories.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

EUROPEAN TESTING ENVIRONMENT

European Testing Environment Initially, the number of GMAT exams taken in Europe declined slightly during the period studied before increasing substantially between TY 2006 and TY 2009. Testing volume reported by location of examinees (Table 1) and by citizenship (Table 2) highlights these changes. Location of GMAT Examinees Table 1: GMAT® Tests Taken in Europe by Location—Top 20* Countries/Regions (TY 2005 to TY 2009) Rank**

Percentage of all TY 2009

TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

TY 2008

TY 2009

1. United Kingdom

2,781

2,837

3,087

3,580

4,067

18.3%

2. Germany

2,059

1,825

1,966

2,296

3,353

15.1%

3. France

2,442

2,179

2,246

2,380

2,816

12.6%

865

880

1,146

1,563

1,634

7.3%

2,088

1,835

1,496

1,449

1,608

7.2%

6. Russia

551

635

691

997

1,361

6.1%

7. Spain

618

656

678

809

1,047

4.7%

8. Netherlands

595

693

812

898

1,013

4.5%

9. Switzerland

741

794

659

882

4.0%

10. Portugal

528

498

468

570

536

2.4%

11. Ireland

390

355

294

386

385

1.7%

12. Belgium

274

219

320

304

372

1.7%

13. Finland

272

186

167

285

371

1.7%

14. Romania

136

145

169

196

226

1.0%

15. Sweden

119

102

222

1.0%

16. Bulgaria

131

160

181

221

1.0%

17. Norway

163

140

135

161

215

1.0%

18. Ukraine

116

147

206

0.9%

19. Armenia

120

198

0.9%

20. Austria

100

119

126

193

0.9%

15,996

15,486

15,937

18,204

22,269

4. Italy 5. Greece

Total Number of Examinees Located in Europe * Based on number of GMAT tests taken.

** Countries ranked based on TY 2009 volume

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

EUROPEAN TESTING ENVIRONMENT

Table 1 shows the 20 European countries and regions with the highest number of tests taken during TY 2009, along with historic data from TY 2005. Examinees located in Europe took a total of 22,269 exams in TY 2009, up from the 15,937 taken just two years earlier. Western European countries dominated the regional testing landscape in TY 2008, representing 13 of the top 15 testing locations. Citizenship of GMAT Examinees Table 2: GMAT® Tests Taken by European Citizenship—Top 20* Citizenship Groups (TY 2005 to TY 2009) Rank **

TY 2006

TY 2007

TY 2008

1. Germany

2,196

1,977

2,071

2,433

3,453

14.87%

2. France

2,563

2,364

2,420

2,574

3,067

13.21%

3. United Kingdom

1,780

1,639

1,730

1,898

1,975

8.50%

4. Russia

1,171

1,228

1,273

1,581

1,914

8.24%

5. Italy

1,061

1,072

1,294

1,772

1,829

7.88%

6. Greece

1,943

1,838

1,543

1,524

1,673

7.20%

7. Spain

740

756

805

959

1,147

4.94%

8. Netherlands

572

631

750

838

940

4.05%

9. Switzerland

590

592

581

534

608

2.62%

10. Portugal

573

555

539

655

607

2.61%

11. Bulgaria

423

408

468

508

541

2.33%

12. Ukraine

301

320

325

376

459

1.98%

13.Romania

375

359

371

421

449

1.93%

14. Poland

275

325

308

326

403

1.74%

15. Ireland

392

386

322

385

397

1.71%

16. Belgium

241

186

279

283

382

1.64%

17. Finland

277

200

164

257

340

1.46%

18. Sweden

239

176

160

146

293

1.26%

19. Austria

153

149

154

187

246

1.06%

20. Norway

197

182

175

219

245

1.05%

17,933

17,189

17,353

19,567

23,224

—

Total Exams Taken by European Citizens

TY 2009

Percentage of all TY 2009

TY 2005

* Based on number of GMAT tests taken. ** Countries ranked based on TY 2009 volume

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

EUROPEAN TESTING ENVIRONMENT

Unlike many world regions, European testing was widely distributed across many countries in TY 2009. The top five citizen groups in Europe represented slightly more than 50 percent of regional testing in TY 2009 (Table 2). After one year of declining testing volume, the number of exams taken by European citizens began to recover in TY 2007, rose sharply in TY 2008, and continued to rise to 23,224 in TY2009, creating another record year for European citizens. Between TY 2005 and TY 2009, Italy experienced the largest percentage increase (72%) of exams taken when compared with the other top European citizenship groups. Italy's 72 percent increase in exams taken is followed closely by that of the Netherlands (64%), Russia, (63%) and Belgium (59%). Within the top 20 citizenship groups, only Greece saw an absolute decrease in exams taken between TY 2005 and TY 2009. Attractiveness of Programs in Europe Table 3: Top 10* European Countries to Which All GMAT® Examinees Sent Score Reports (TY 2005 to TY 2009) Rank**

TY 2006

TY 2007

17,007

18,017

22,233

27,249

33,610

97.6%

2. France

9,741

10,322

12,851

16,070

20,219

107.6%

3. Spain

2,821

3,252

4,127

5,112

6,743

139.0%

4. Netherlands

2,080

2,291

2,796

3,368

4,644

123.3%

5. Switzerland

2,272

2,554

2,640

3,290

3,857

69.8%

6. Germany

1,349

1,104

1,169

1,377

2,217

64.3%

1. United Kingdom

TY 2008

TY 2009

Percentage Change: TY 2005 to TY 2009

TY 2005

990

948

1,216

1,868

2,200

122.2%

8. Greece

2,466

1,901

1,565

1,266

1,378

44.1%

9. Sweden

263

390

400

295

1,192

353.2%

301

267

152

531

879

192.0%

567,004

601,242

655,506

745,034

801,504

41.4%

2.8

2.9

3.0

—

7. Italy

10. Finland Total Score Reports Sent Worldwide Average # of Score Reports Sent Worldwide

* Based on number of score reports received. ** Countries ranked based on TY 2009 volume

European schools continue to successfully attract a deeper pool of global talent (Table 3). The number of score reports received in TY 2009 by the top 10 European destinations from all GMAT examinees was 96 percent greater in TY 2009 than it was in TY 2005. This growth represents twice the aggregate increases in the number of scores sent to all countries, which was 41 percent over the same period. In TY 2009, 10 percent of all score reports were sent to programs in these top 10 European countries, of which six experienced triple-digit percentage growth in score reports received over TY 2005 levels.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

EUROPEAN TESTING ENVIRONMENT

Figure 2: Average Score Reports Sent by European GMAT® Examinees, TY 2005 and TY 2009 Average Number of GMAT ® Score Reports Sent by Citizenship TY 2005 and TY 2009 Spain

2.6

Portugal

2.3

Russia

2.3

United Kingdom

2.3

All European Citizens

2.2

Italy

2.2

France

2.2

Germany

2.1

Netherlands

2.0

Switzerland

1.8

Greece

1.7 0.0

0.5

1.0 TY 2009

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

TY 2005

Score Reports Significant regional differences in the average number of score reports sent per GMAT examinee existed in TY 2009. As a consequence, some citizen groups sent a greater number of score reports relative to others, despite having taken fewer exams. Figure 2 shows the average number of score reports sent by European examinees in TY 2005 and TY 2009. Of those European citizenship groups examined, Spanish citizens sent the highest average number of score reports per examinee in TY 2009 (2.6). Greek citizens sent the lowest average number of score reports per examinee in TY 2009 (1.7). These differences explain variations among citizen groups when comparing the number of exams taken with the number of score reports sent.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

REGIONAL SCORE-SENDING PATTERNS

Regional Score-Sending Patterns The remainder of this report details GMAT score-sending patterns for all European citizens, who cumulatively sent 50,893 scores in TY 2009. Breakdowns for the following 10 citizenship groups that sent the highest number of score reports in TY 2009 are also provided: •

French (6,823)

•

Portuguese (1,416)

•

German (7,160)

•

Russian (4,322)

•

Greek (2,795)

•

Spanish (2,969)

•

Italian (3,938)

•

Swiss (1,107)

•

Dutch (1,841)

•

British (4,575)

Figure 3 shows the percentage of score report submissions sent in TY 2009 from various citizenship groups in Europe. The Appendix contains a list of the countries that make up the region. Figure 3: Percentage of GMAT® Scores from European Citizens in TY 2009 Percentage of European GMAT® Score Reports Sent, by Citizenship

Germany, 15%

Other, 26%

France, 13%

Portugal, 3% Switzerland, 3% United Kingdom, 9%

Netherlands, 4%

Spain, 5% Russia, 8% Greece, 7% Italy, 8%

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

ALL OF EUROPE

All European Citizens Testing volume in Europe grew substantially between TY 2005 and TY 2009, both by location and citizenship, as shown in Figure 4. The underlying score-sending trend among all European examinees since the year 2000 has been a measured shift away from schools located in the United States to those located in Western Europe. The proportion of scores that European citizens sent to US schools in TY 2009 was 41 percent, down from Figure 4: GMAT® Exams Taken by Citizenship and Location—All of Europe 49 percent in TY 2005. The Western European GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location TY 2005 to TY 2009 countries that captured 30,000 the most European talent in TY 2009 were 25,000 23,224 the United Kingdom (14%) and France 19,567 22,269 20,000 (13%), but six additional 17,933 17,353 17,189 countries in Western 18,204 15,000 Europe, including Spain, 15,996 15,937 15,486 the Netherlands, 10,000 Switzerland, Germany, Greece, and Italy, each 5,000 received more than 1,000 score reports from European 0 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007 TY 2008 TY 2009 examinees (Table 4). ®

Examinees Located in Europe

European Citizens

Table 4: Top 10* Countries to Which European Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country

TY 2009

Scores Sent

1. United States

Percentage

Country

19,258

49.46%

1. United States

2. United Kingdom

4,807

12.35%

3. France

3,844

4. Greece

Scores Sent

Percentage

20,658

40.59%

2. United Kingdom

7,208

14.16%

9.87%

3. France

6,354

12.49%

2,279

5.85%

4. Netherlands

2,827

5.55%

5. Spain

1,392

3.58%

5. Spain

2.787

5.48%

6. Switzerland

1,206

3.10%

6. Switzerland

1,728

3.40%

7. Netherlands

1,022

2.62%

7. Germany

1,538

3.02%

8. Canada

898

2.31%

8. Greece

1,361

2.67%

9. Germany

700

1.80%

9. Italy

1,267

2.49%

645

1.66%

801

1.57%

38,935

100%

50,893

100%

10. Italy Total Scores Sent by European Citizens

10. Canada Total Scores Sent by European Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.2 in TY 2005; 2.2 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

ALL OF EUROPE

Table 5: Top 10* Schools/Programs to Which European Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. INSEAD, MBA

2. London Business School, MBA

2. Harvard University, MBA

3. Harvard University, MBA

3. Columbia University, MBA

4. Columbia University, MBA

4. London Business School, MBA

5. Stanford University, MBA

6. University of Pennsylvania, MBA

7. New York University, MBA

7. London School of Economics and Political Science, All Programmes

8. Athens University of Economics & Business, MBA

8. New York University, MBA

9. IESE Business School, MBA

10. Northwestern University, MBA

10. Universiteit Maastricht, MS in International Business

* Based on number of score reports received.

Table 5 shows the top 10 schools and programs to which European citizens sent score reports in TY 2005 and TY 2009. The INSEAD, MBA program maintained the top spot for both years. Five of the top 10 schools and programs preferred by European citizens were located in the United States. The rest of this report highlights test-taking and score-sending data for each of the 10 European citizenship groups with the largest number of GMAT exams taken in TY 2009.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

GERMANY

German Citizens Germany’s strong growth in testing volume since TY 2006 reached a five-year high in TY 2009 when measured by both citizenship and location (Figure 5). While the average number of score reports sent by German citizens (2.1) was below Figure 5: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Germany the regional average for GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location Europe in TY 2009, TY 2005 to TY 2009 German citizens still 4,000 sent more than 7,000 3,453 3,500 score reports to 3,353 3,000 business schools (Table 2,433 6). In TY 2009, 2,500 2,196 2,071 German citizens took 1,977 2,296 2,000 3,453 exams, the most 2,059 1,966 1,825 exams taken when 1,500 compared with 1,000 other European 500 citizens. ®

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Germany

TY 2008

TY 2009

German Citizens

Table 6: Top 10* Countries to Which German Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country

TY 2009

Scores Sent

1. United States

Percentage

Country

Scores Sent

Percentage

1,998

50.87%

1. United States

2,111

29.48%

2. Germany

471

11.99%

2. Germany

1,249

17.44%

3. United Kingdom

335

8.53%

3. Netherlands

832

11.62%

4. France

248

6.31%

4. United Kingdom

732

10.22%

5. Switzerland

193

4.91%

5. France

580

8.10%

6. Netherlands

157

4.00%

6. Switzerland

449

6.27%

7. Spain

155

3.95%

7. Spain

394

5.50%

8. Canada

1.91%

8.Sweden

211

2.95%

9. Australia

1.50%

9. Australia

1.10%

0.76%

10. Canada

1.03%

3,928

100.00%

7,160

100.00%

10. Italy Total Scores Sent by German Citizens

Total Scores Sent by German Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 1.8 in TY 2005; 2.1 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

GERMANY

As with many European citizen groups, Germans have sharply reduced the proportion of score reports they sent to the United States in recent years. For Germans, this proportion declined from 51 percent in TY 2005 to 29 percent in TY 2009. An increased interest in Western European programs is responsible for this shift. Programs in Germany, the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom all experienced substantial increases in market share between TY 2005 and TY 2009. In addition, programs in Sweden successfully attracted more German citizens in TY 2009, and replaced Italy on their top 10 list of school locations. Table 7: Top 10* Schools to Which German Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. WHU Koblenz

1. Universiteit Maastricht

2. INSEAD

2. University of Saint Gallen

3. Handelshochschule Leipzig

3. European Business School

4. Harvard University

4. Erasmus University

5. London Business School

5. INSEAD

6. Columbia University

6. Harvard University

7. GSBA Zurich/Oekreal Foundation

7. ESADE

8. Stanford University

8. Columbia University

9. IESE-Business School

9. London School of Economics and Political Science

10. Northwestern University

10. HEC School of Management

* Based on number of score reports received.

Eight of the top 10 schools to which German examinees sent their score reports in TY 2009 were located in Europe. The remaining two schools were located in the United States, a drop in representation from four schools in TY 2005 (Table 7). Universiteit Maastricht received the most score reports from German citizens in TY 2009, but the Master in Management program at the University of Mannheim received the most reports of any unique program (Table 8). German examinees were one of only three groups identified in this report that did not have an MBA program as their top destination in TY 2009.

Table 8: Top 10* Programs to Which German Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. University of Mannheim, Master in Management 2. Universiteit Maastricht, MS in International Business 3. INSEAD, MBA 4. Harvard University, MBA 5. European Business School, MS 6. Erasmus University, MSc Programs 7. London School of Economics and Political Science, All LSE Programmes 8. Columbia University, MBA 9. University of Saint Gallen, MBA 10. University of Saint Gallen, MA in Strategy and International Management * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

FRANCE

French Citizens The number of tests taken by examinees located in France and by French citizens remained relatively flat between TY 2005 and TY 2008 (Figure 6). The number of French citizens taking the test increased 19 percent between TY 2008 and TY 2009, Figure 6: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—France however. This shift is GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location also exhibited by a TY 2005 to TY 2009 slight increase in the 3,500 average number of 3,067 score reports sent by 3,000 2,574 2,563 French examinees from 2,816 2,420 2,364 2,500 2.0 in TY 2005 to 2.2 in 2,442 2,380 TY 2009. The total 2,246 2,000 2,179 number of scores that French examinees sent 1,500 increased by 1,700 in 1,000 the same period. In TY 2009, French 500 citizens took 3,067 exams, placing France 0 TY 2005 TY 2006 TY 2007 TY 2008 TY 2009 second in the number of exams taken when compared with other European countries. ®

Examinees Located in France

French Citizens

Table 9: Top 10* Countries or Regions to Which French Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country/Region

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. United States

2,244

43.87%

2. France

1,746

34.13%

3. United Kingdom

451

8.82%

4. Canada

209

5. Spain

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. France

2,613

38.30%

2. United States

2,511

36.80%

3. United Kingdom

757

11.09%

4.09%

4. Spain

208

3.05%

127

2.48%

5. Canada

161

2.36%

6. Switzerland

126

2.46%

6. Switzerland

160

2.35%

7. Netherlands

0.65%

7. Italy

1.03%

8. Italy

0.55%

8. Germany

0.82%

9. Hong Kong

0.41%

9. Netherlands

0.72%

0.37%

0.54%

5,115

100.00%

6,823

100.00%

10. Germany Total Scores Sent by French Citizens

Country/Region

10. China Total Scores Sent by French Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.0 in TY 2005; 2.2 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

FRANCE

The score-sending preferences among French examinees have changed considerably since TY 2005. Over this time, a notable shift away from programs in the United States and Canada to programs in Western Europe has occurred (Table 9). The proportion of score reports sent by French citizens to programs in the United States fell from 44 percent in TY 2005 to 37 percent in TY 2009: For the first time in five years, the United States dropped to second place ranking. Increases in the number of scores sent to programs in France, the United Kingdom, and Spain were primarily responsible for this decline. Table 10: Top 10* Schools to Which French Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. INSEAD

1. ESSEC Business School

2. ESSEC Business School

2. INSEAD

3. Harvard University

3.HEC School of Management

4. HEC School of Management

4. London Business School

5. Columbia University

6. Stanford University

6. Harvard University

7. London Business School

7. EDHEC Business School Lile-Nice

8. University of Pennsylvania

8. ESCP-EAP

9. HEC-University of Geneva IMD International

9. University of Pennsylvania

10. ESCP-EAP

10. Stanford University

* Based on number of score reports received.

The top three schools to which French citizens sent score reports in TY 2009 were located in France (Table 10). Consistent with overall declines in score sending to US schools, the US schools within the top 10 generally ranked lower in TY 2009 than in TY 2005. The exception is Columbia University, which retained its position at number five. Despite the shift toward European schools, five of the top 10 programs to which French examinees sent score reports in TY 2009 are located in the United States (Table 11).

Table 11: Top 10* Programs to Which French Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. INSEAD, MBA 2. Harvard University, MBA 3. Columbia University, MBA 4. HEC School of Management, MBA 5. ESSEC, MBA 6. Stanford University, MBA 7. University of Pennsylvania, MBA 8. London Business School, MBA 9. ESCP Europe, Specialized Masters 10. ESSEC, Masteres Specialises * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

UNITED KINGDOM

United Kingdom Citizens The United Kingdom is the largest testing location in Europe. In TY 2009, 4,067 GMAT examinees resided in the United Kingdom, while only 1,975 UK citizens worldwide took the exam (Figure 7). The significant gap between the number of examinees Figure 7: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship— located in the United United Kingdom Kingdom and the GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location number of UK citizens TY 2005 to TY 2009 4,500 taking the exam is 4,067 consistent with the fact 4,000 3,580 that parts of the 3,500 United Kingdom have 3,087 2,837 large international 3,000 2,781 populations. ®

2,500 2,000 1,500

1,780

1,639

1,975

1,898

1,730

1,000 500 0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in United Kingdom

TY 2008

TY 2009

Citizens of the United Kingdom

Table 12: Top 10* Countries and Regions to Which Citizens from the United Kingdom Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country/Region

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

Country/Region

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. United States

1,894

48.40%

1. United States

2,288

50.01%

2. United Kingdom

1,251

31.97%

2. United Kingdom

1,378

30.12%

3. France

262

6.70%

3. France

340

7.43%

4. Spain

104

2.66%

4. Spain

126

2.75%

5. Canada

2.35%

5. Hong Kong

115

2.51%

6. Hong Kong

2.30%

6. Switzerland

1.46%

7. Switzerland

1.30%

7. Canada

1.42%

8. Australia

0.77%

8. Australia

0.83%

9. Netherlands

0.56%

9. China

0.55%

0.41%

0.39%

3,913

100.00%

4,575

100.00%

10. Ireland Total Scores Sent by British Citizens

10. India Total Scores Sent by British Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.2 in TY 2005; 2.3 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

UNITED KINGDOM

Overall score-sending preferences among British examinees have remained relatively constant. The number of scores sent to domestic programs—32 percent of total score reports sent in TY 2005 and 30 percent in TY 2009—remained relatively stable between TY 2005 and TY 2009. The proportion of total score reports that UK citizens sent to US programs increased slightly from 48 percent in TY 2005 to 50 percent in TY 2009 (Table 12). Of the top 10 countries to which UK citizens sent score reports in TY 2005, all but two—Ireland and the Netherlands—remained on the list in TY 2009. These countries were replaced by India and China. Table 13: Top 10* Schools to Which Citizens from the United Kingdom Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. London Business School

2. Harvard University

3. INSEAD

4. Stanford University

5. Columbia University

6. Imperial College of Science and Technology

6. University of Pennsylvania

7. University of Oxford

8. University of Pennsylvania

8. University of Cambridge

9. City University - London

10. New York University

* Based on number of score reports received.

The London Business School remained the leading school destination for score reports sent by UK examinees in TY 2009. Five of the top 10 school destinations are located in the United States and four are located in the United Kingdom, a trend consistent with the relative stability in their score-sending preferences to schools in the United States and the United Kingdom. INSEAD, located in France, ranks third, and rounds out the top 10 schools where British citizens send scores (Table 13). When examined by program level, the Harvard University MBA program received the most score reports from UK citizens in TY 2009. All of the programs to which UK citizens sent score reports in TY 2009 were MBA programs, except for the London Business School's EMBA program, which ranked ninth on the list (Table 14).

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

Table 14: Top 10* Programs to Which Citizens from the United Kingdom Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. Harvard University, MBA 2. London Business School, MBA 3. INSEAD - France & Singapore, MBA 4. Stanford University, MBA 5. Columbia University, MBA 6. University of Pennsylvania, MBA 7. University of Oxford, MBA 8. University of Cambridge, MBA 9. London Business School, EMBA 10. New York University, MBA * Based on number of score reports received.

RUSSIA

Russian Citizens The number of exams taken by Russian citizens increased modestly between TY 2005 and TY 2007 before spiking by 50 percent between TY 2007 and TY 2009 (Figure 8). In TY 2009, Russian examinees ranked fourth among all European citizen Figure 8: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Russia groups by number of GMAT exams taken. GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location TY 2005 to TY 2009 Russia is the only 2,500 Eastern European country represented in this report. 1,914 2,000 ®

1,581 1,500 1,273

1,228

1,171

1,361

1,000 997

500

691

635

551

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Russia

TY 2008

TY 2009

Russian Citizens

Table 15: Top 10* Countries to Which Russian Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

Country

Scores Sent

1. United States

2,222

2. United Kingdom

Country

Scores Sent

71.77%

1. United States

2,369

54.81%

332

10.72%

2. United Kingdom

608

14.07%

3. France

189

6.10%

3. France

337

7.80%

4. Canada

111

3.59%

4. Spain

187

4.33%

5. Switzerland

1.49%

5. Russia

135

3.12%

6. Spain

1.45%

6. Switzerland

125

2.89%

7. Netherlands

1.10%

7. Canada

105

2.43%

8. Germany

1.03%

8. Netherlands

2.04%

9. Italy

0.78%

9. Italy

1.92%

0.29%

1.20%

3,096

100.00%

4,322

100.00%

10. Sweden Total Scores Sent by Russian Citizens

Percentage

10. Germany Total Scores Sent by Russian Citizens

Percentage

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.6 in TY 2005; 2.3 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

RUSSIA

Between TY 2005 and TY 2009, Russian citizens significantly changed their study destination preferences. TY 2009 was the first time in five years that Russia appeared on the top 10 list of countries to which Russian citizens sent score reports: Russia received 3 percent of all scores sent by Russian citizens (Table 15). Although Russian citizens continue to send the majority of their score reports to the United States, the proportion of score reports they sent to schools there fell from 72 percent in TY 2005 to 55 percent in TY 2009, however. Russian examinees sent 14 percent of their score reports to the United Kingdom in TY 2009 and schools in Switzerland, Spain, and France also attracted a greater proportion of Russian score reports. Table 16: Top 10* Schools to Which Russian Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. Harvard University

1. London Business School

2. Columbia University

2. INSEAD

3. London Business School

3. Columbia University

4. University of Pennsylvania

4. Harvard University

5. INSEAD

5. St. Petersburg State University

6. California State University- Hayward

6. Stanford University

7. Stanford University

7. University of Pennsylvania

8. New York University

8. HEC School of Management

9. University of Chicago

9. New York University

10. University of Oxford

10. University of Chicago

* Based on number of score reports received.

In spite of a sharp decrease in the proportion of GMAT score reports that Russian examinees sent to US schools, six of their top 10 schools in TY 2009 were located in the United States. Relative to TY 2005, however, the order of schools on the top 10 has been rearranged. The London Business School jumped to first from third place and INSEAD moved into second place from fifth (Table 16). In TY 2009, St. Petersburg State University appeared in fifth place for the first time. Russian examinees primarily sent score reports to MBA programs in TY 2009, with one exception: the Master of International Management at St. Petersburg State University (Table 17).

Table 17: Top 10* Programs to Which Russian Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. INSEAD, MBA 2. Columbia University, MBA 3. Harvard University, MBA 4. St. Petersburg State University, Masters in International Management 5. London Business School, MBA 6. Stanford University, MBA 7. University of Pennsylvania, MBA 8. University of Chicago, MBA 9. International Institute for Management Development (IMD), MBA 10. New York University, MBA * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

ITALY

Italian Citizens The volume of GMAT testing in Italy and among Italian citizens has grown at the fastest pace of any European country since TY 2005. The number of exams taken by Italian citizens was 72 percent greater in TY 2009 than it was in TY 2005 (Figure 9). Figure 9: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Italy The number of score GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location reports sent by Italians TY 2005 to TY 2009 increased 57 percent 2,000 over the course of this 1,829 1,772 five-year period, even though the average number of score 1,634 1,500 1,563 1,294 reports sent per examinee decreased 1,072 1,061 from 2.4 to 2.2. 1,146 ®

1,000

865

880

TY 2005

TY 2006

500

0 TY 2007

Examinees Located in Italy

TY 2008

TY 2009

Italian Citizens

Table 18: Top 10* Countries to Which Italian Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

Country

Scores Sent

Percentage

Country

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. United States

1,145

45.78%

1. United States

1,277

32.43%

2. Italy

337

13.47%

2. United Kingdom

659

16.73%

3. United Kingdom

317

12.67%

3. Italy

650

16.51%

4. France

295

11.80%

4. France

498

12.65%

5. Spain

167

6.68%

5. Spain

390

9.90%

6. Switzerland

3.44%

6. Switzerland

140

3.56%

7. Netherlands

2.12%

7. Netherlands

127

3.22%

8. Canada

0.92%

8. Sweden

0.91%

9. Australia

0.60%

9. Canada

0.71%

0.40%

0.48%

3,938

100.00%

10. China Total Scores Sent by Italian Citizens

2,501

100.00%

10. China Total Scores Sent by Italian Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.4 in TY 2005; 2.2 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

ITALY

Italian examinees taking the GMAT exam have become increasingly interested in European study opportunities. The proportion of score reports sent to Western European programs on the top 10 list increased from 50 percent in TY 2005 to 63 percent in TY 2009 (Table 18). The proportion of scores received by programs located in the United States decreased from 46 percent in TY 2005 to 33 percent in TY 2009. Table 19: Top 10* Schools to Which Italian Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. Bocconi University

2. INSEAD

3. Columbia University

3. London Business School

4. London Business School

4. SDA Bocconi

5. Harvard University

5. Columbia University

6. New York University

6. ESADE

7. Stanford University

7. Instituto de Empresa

8. IESE- Business School

8. Harvard University

9. IMD International

9. HEC School of Management

10. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

10. New York University

* Based on number of score reports received.

Bocconi University in Milan received the most score reports from Italian citizens in both TY 2005 and TY 2009. Consistent with the decline in US market share described earlier, the number of US schools in the top 10 fell from five in TY 2005 to just three in TY 2009 (Table 19). At the program level in TY 2009, master’s programs at Bocconi University received the most score reports. Italian examinees were one of only three groups identified in this report that did not have an MBA program as their top destination in TY 2009 (Table 20).

Table 20: Top 10* Programs to Which Italian Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2009 1. Bocconi University, Graduate Programs 2. INSEAD, MBA 3. Columbia University, MBA 4. London Business School, MBA 5. SDA Bocconi, MBA 6. Harvard University, MBA 7. Instituto de Empresa, International MBA 8. London School of Economics and Political Science, All LSE Programmes 9. New York University, MBA 10. ESADE, Masters Programs * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

GREECE

Greek Citizens After peaking in TY 2005, testing in Greece continued to decline until TY 2008. The number of exams taken by Greek citizens has fallen by 14 percent between TY 2005 and TY 2009. The number of tests taken by Greek citizens increased Figure 10: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Greece slightly (10%), however, GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location between TY 2008 and Testing Years 2005 to TY 2009 2,500 TY 2009 (Figure 10). The average number of 2,088 score reports that 2,000 1,838 Greek examinees sent 1,943 1,673 has declined—from 1,835 1,543 1,524 2.1 in TY 2005 to 1.7 in 1,500 1,608 1,496 1,449 TY 2009—resulting in 31 percent fewer score 1,000 reports sent by Greek citizens in TY 2009 compared with TY 500 2005. ®

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Greece

TY 2008

TY 2009

Greek Citizens

Table 21: Top 10* Countries to Which Greek Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country 1. Greece

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

Country

2,248

55.13%

1. Greece

2. United Kingdom

877

21.51%

3. United States

646

15.84%

4. France

5. Italy

Scores Sent

Percentage

1,335

47.76%

2. United States

541

19.36%

3. United Kingdom

470

16.82%

1.91%

4. France

133

4.76%

1.30%

5. Netherlands

120

4.29%

6. Netherlands

1.08%

6. Spain

2.29%

7. Spain

0.86%

7. Italy

1.82%

8. Canada

0.49%

8. Switzerland

1.00%

9. Germany

0.44%

9. Germany

0.39%

0.42%

0.39%

4,078

100.00%

2,795

100.00%

10. Belgium Total Scores Sent by Greek Citizens

10. Sweden Total Scores Sent by Greek Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.1 in TY 2005; 1.7 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

GREECE

Greek citizens sent the greatest proportion of score reports (48%) to programs located in their country when compared with other groups identified in this report (Table 21). Many European countries also received a higher proportion of Greek score reports in TY 2009 than they did in TY 2005. The United Kingdom, which lost 5 percent of its market share, was the exception. The proportion of score reports sent to schools located in the United States increased from 16 percent in TY 2005 to 19 percent in TY 2009. Due to the severe decline in total score reports sent by Greek examinees since TY 2005, only three of the top 10 countries in TY 2009— France, the Netherlands, and Spain—experienced an absolute increase in the number of scores received over this period. Table 22: Top 10* Schools to Which Greek Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. Athens University of Economics and Business

1. University of Macedonia

2. University of Piraeus

2. Athens University of Economics and Business

3. University of Piraeus EMPTQM

3. University of Piraeus

4. University of Macedonia

4. London School of Economics and Political Science

5. London School of Economics and Political Science

5. Erasmus University

6. Technological Institute of Piraeus

6. London Business School

7. Athens LBA

7. Columbia University

8. Lancaster University

8. Harvard University

9. University of Warwick

9. Technological Institute of Piraeus

10. University of Manchester

10. INSEAD

* Based on number of score reports received.

Four of the top 10 schools to which Greek citizens sent score reports in TY 2009 were located in Greece (Table 22). The other six schools were located in Europe and the United States. In addition, eight of the top 10 programs preferred by Greek examinees in TY 2009 were located in Greece, including several non-MBA programs (Table 23).

Table 23: Top 10* Programs to Which Greek Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2009 1. University of Macedonia, MBA 2. Athens University of Economics and Business, MBA Greek 3. University of Macedonia, Postgraduate Program in Accounting and Finance 4. University of Piraeus, MBA 5. London School of Economics and Political Science, All LSE Programmes 6. Athens University of Economics and Business, MBA International 7. Athens University of Economics and Business, MSc 8. Athens University of Economics and Business, MSc in Marketing and Communication 9. Columbia University, MBA 10. Athens University of Economics and Business, MSc in Human Resource Management * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

SPAIN

Spanish Citizens The number of exams taken by Spanish citizens in TY 2009 was 55 percent higher than it was in TY 2005, and has increased steadily over the last five years (Figure 11). The average number of score reports sent per Spanish examinee also has increased, from 2.3 Figure 11: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Spain in TY 2005, to 2.6 in GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location TY 2009. The result is a Testing Years 2005 to TY 2009 75 percent increase in 1,400 score reports sent between TY 2005 and 1,147 1,200 TY 2009. ®

959

1,000

800

756

740

1,047

805 809

600

678

656

618

400

200

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Spain

TY 2008

TY 2009

Spanish Citizens

Table 24: Top 10* Countries or Regions to Which Spanish Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country/Region

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

Country/Region

1. United States

942

55.51%

1. United States

2. Spain

293

17.27%

3. France

169

4. United Kingdom

Scores Sent

Percentage

1,573

52.98%

2. Spain

512

17.24%

9.96%

3. United Kingdom

366

12.33%

160

9.43%

4. France

299

10.07%

5. Switzerland

2.18%

5. Switzerland

1.79%

6. Germany

1.00%

6. China

1.15%

7. Belgium

0.88%

7. Netherlands

1.04%

8. Canada

0.77%

8. Canada

0.51%

9. Italy

0.71%

9. Italy

0.44%

10. China

0.59%

0.40%

1,697

100.00%

2,969

100.00%

Total Scores Sent by Spanish Citizens

10. Hong Kong Total Scores Sent by Spanish Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.3 in TY 2005; 2.6 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

SPAIN

Between TY 2005 and TY 2009, the major trend in score-sending among Spanish examinees has been decreased interest in North American study destinations, balanced by increased interest in programs in Europe (Table 24). The proportion of Spanish score reports going to the United States fell from 56 percent in TY 2005 to 53 percent in TY 2009 and the percentage of score reports going to Canada remained less than 1 percent. In TY 2009, China and Hong Kong also appear on the top 10 list of destinations to which Spanish examinees sent scores. These were the only two study destinations outside Europe or North America that Spanish citizens preferred. Table 25: Top 10* Schools to Which Spanish Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. IESE Business School

2. INSEAD

3. Harvard University

3. London Business School

4. Columbia University

5. London Business School

5. Harvard University

6. Stanford University

7. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

7. New York University

8. University of Pennsylvania

8. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

9. ESADE

10. Instituto de Empresa

10. University of Pennsylvania

* Based on number of score reports received.

IESE Business School and INSEAD remained on the top 10 list as the two leading school destinations for Spanish examinees in TY 2009, accompanied by ESADE. Six of the top 10 schools were located in the United States in TY 2009, up from five in TY 2005 (Table 25). Unlike the majority of European citizen groups, each of the top 10 programs in TY 2009 to which Spanish examinees sent score reports were MBA programs (Table 26).

Table 26: Top 10* Programs to Which Spanish Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. IESE Business School, MBA 2. INSEAD, MBA 3. Columbia University, MBA 4. London Business School, MBA 5. Harvard University, MBA 6. Stanford University, MBA 7. New York University, MBA 8. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MBA 9. University of California - Berkeley, MBA 10. University of Pennsylvania, MBA * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

THE NETHERLANDS

Dutch Citizens The number of tests taken by examinees located in the Netherlands and by Dutch citizens has increased substantially over the last five years (Figure 12). In TY 2009, the number of exams taken by Dutch citizens was 64 percent greater than in Figure 12: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Netherlands TY 2005. GMAT ® Exams by Citizenship and Location Testing Years 2005 to TY 2009 1,200

1,013 1,000 898 940

812 800

838 693 750 595

600

631 572

400

200

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Netherlands

TY 2008

TY 2009

Dutch Citizens

Table 27: Top 10* Countries or Regions to Which Dutch Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country/Region

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. Netherlands

454

43.91%

2. United States

260

25.15%

3. France

4. United Kingdom

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. Netherlands

793

43.07%

2. United States

434

23.57%

9.19%

3. France

180

9.78%

6.58%

4. United Kingdom

156

8.47%

5. Spain

4.55%

5. Spain

108

5.87%

6. Switzerland

4.26%

6. Switzerland

2.61%

7. Canada

1.16%

7. Canada

1.63%

8. Italy

0.77%

8. Italy

0.87%

9. Belgium

0.68%

9. Sweden

0.71%

0.58%

10. Belgium

0.65%

1,034

100.00%

1,841

100.00%

10. Hong Kong Total Scores Sent by Dutch Citizens

Country/Region

Total Scores Sent by Dutch Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 1.8 in TY 2005; 2.0 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

THE NETHERLANDS

In TY 2009, 43 percent of Dutch examinees sent score reports to schools in the Netherlands—down from 44 percent in TY 2005 (Table 27). With the exception of these dynamics affecting the market share of schools in the Netherlands, the score-sending preferences of Dutch citizens remained relatively stable between TY 2005 and TY 2009. Table 28: Top 10* Schools to Which Dutch Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. Erasmus University

2. Universiteit Maastricht

3. INSEAD

4. Tilburg University

4. Radboud University

5. University Nyenrode Modular

5. TiasNimbas Business School

6. London Business School

6. Columbia University

7. IESE Business School

7. London Business School

8. University Nyenrode International

8. Harvard University

9. IMD International

9. IESE Business School

10. Maastricht School of Management

10. Nyenrode Business Universiteit

* Based on number of score reports received.

Four of the top five schools to which Dutch citizens sent score reports in TY 2009 were located in the Netherlands. The only US schools on the top 10 list were Columbia University and Harvard University, which ranked sixth and eighth, respectively (Table 28). When scoresending data were measured at the program level, Universiteit Maastricht’s MS in International Business program was at the top of the list for Dutch citizens (Table 29). This made Dutch examinees in TY 2009 one of only three citizen groups studied in this report to have a non-MBA program at the head of their top programs list.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

Table 29: Top 10* Programs to Which Dutch Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. Universiteit Maastricht, MS in International Business 2. INSEAD, MBA 3. Radboud University, MBA 4. Columbia University, MBA 5. Erasmus University, General Management 6. Harvard University, MBA 7. Erasmus University, MSc Programs 8. London Business School, MBA 9. TiasNimbas Business School, MBA Part-Time 10. Erasmus University, Executive MBA * Based on number of score reports received.

SWITZERLAND

Swiss Citizens The number of tests taken by examinees in Switzerland increased modestly through TY 2007 and declined in TY 2008 before increasing again in TY 2009 (Figure 13). The decline in TY 2008 was partly due to a testing center issue, the resolution of which is evidenced by the increase in Figure 13: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Switzerland tests taken in TY 2009. The GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location number of exams taken by Testing Years 2005 to TY 2009 Swiss citizens averaged negative 1,000 annual growth since TY 2005; 882 however, TY 2009 marked the first positive increase (3%) in 794 794 800 741 the number of exams taken by 659 Swiss citizens in the last three years. 600 ®

592

590

608

581 534

400

200

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Switzerland

TY 2008

TY 2009

Swiss Citizens

Table 30: Top 10* Countries or Regions to Which Swiss Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country/Region

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

Country/Region

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. Switzerland

350

39.59%

1. United States

347

31.35%

2. United States

286

32.35%

2. Switzerland

281

25.38%

3. France

8.94%

3. United Kingdom

144

13.01%

4. United Kingdom

6.11%

4. France

133

12.01%

5. Spain

4.75%

5. Spain

5.87%

6. Canada

2.38%

6. Netherlands

1.99%

7. Italy

1.24%

7. Italy

1.81%

8. Netherlands

0.90%

8. Australia

1.72%

9. Singapore

0.57%

9. Canada

1.17%

0.45%

10. China/ Hong Kong/ Singapore

0.99%

884

100.00%

Total Scores Sent by Swiss Citizens

1,107

100.00%

10. Australia/ Ireland Total Scores Sent by Swiss Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 1.5 in TY 2005; 1.8 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

SWITZERLAND

The score-sending preferences of Swiss examinees have changed significantly since TY 2005. This might be partly explained by small market size: Swiss examinees sent just a little more than 1,100 score reports in TY 2009 (Table 30). Over this same period, the proportion of scores that Swiss citizens sent to schools in Switzerland declined from 40 percent to 25 percent, while the proportion of scores they sent to schools in France, the United Kingdom, and Spain increased. Table 31: Top 10* Schools to Which Swiss Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. GSBA Zurich

1. University of Saint Gallen

2. INSEAD

3. University of Saint Gallen

3. International Institute for Management Development (IMD)

4. HEC-University of Geneva

4. Harvard University

5. Columbia University

5. London Business School

6. Harvard University

6. Columbia University

7. London Business School

7. GSBA Zurich

8. New York University

8. HEC - University of Geneva

9. Stanford University

9. ESADE

10. ESADE

10. Stanford University

* Based on number of score reports received.

Seven of the top 10 schools to which Swiss examinees sent score reports in TY 2009 were located in Western Europe (Table 31). Four of these were domestic programs at the University of Saint Gallen, GSBA Zurich, IMD, and HEC: University of Geneva. The data reveal a slightly different scoresending pattern when analyzed by program level— with six schools, two of which are non-MBA programs, located in Western Europe (Table 32).

Table 32: Top 10* Programs to Which Swiss Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. INSEAD, MBA 2. University of Saint Gallen, MA in Strategy and International Management 3. Harvard University, MBA 4. GSBA Zurich, MBA 5. HEC - University of Geneva, Master in International Trading, Commodity Finance, and Shipping 6. Columbia University, MBA 7. London Business School, MBA 8. Stanford University, MBA 9. IMD–International Institute for Management Development, MBA 10. University of Pennsylvania, MBA * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

PORTUGAL

Portuguese Citizens Following three consecutive years of decline from TY 2005 through TY 2007, the number of exams taken by Portuguese citizens and examinees located in Portugal increased in TY 2008 before declining slightly again in TY 2009. As illustrated in Figure 14, Figure 14: GMAT® Exams Taken by Location and Citizenship—Portugal the number of exams GMAT Exams by Citizenship and Location taken in TY 2009 by TY 2005 to TY 2009 Portuguese citizens and 1,000 examinees located in Portugal was still higher 800 than it was during each 655 of the three years of 607 573 555 decline, however. 600 539 Exams taken by 570 536 528 498 Portuguese citizens 468 400 increased six percent between TY 2005 and 200 TY 2009. ®

0 TY 2005

TY 2006

TY 2007

Examinees Located in Portugal

TY 2008

TY 2009

Portuguese Citizens

Table 33: Top 10* Countries to Which Portuguese Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005 Country

TY 2009

Scores Sent

Percentage

Country

Scores Sent

Percentage

1. Portugal

560

43.01%

1. Portugal

394

27.82%

2. United States

344

26.42%

2. United States

373

26.34%

3. United Kingdom

131

10.06%

3. United Kingdom

183

12.92%

4. Spain

112

8.60%

4. Spain

181

12.78%

5. France

7.30%

5. France

132

9.32%

6. Switzerland

1.31%

6. Netherlands

4.10%

7. Netherlands

0.84%

7. Switzerland

2.19%

8. Italy

0.69%

8. Canada

1.06%

9. Belgium

0.46%

9. Australia

0.78%

10. Canada

0.23%

10. Sweden

0.64%

1,302

100.00%

1,416

100.00%

Total Scores Sent by Portuguese Citizens

* Based on number of score reports received. Average score reports sent per examinee: 2.3 in TY 2005; 2.3 in TY 2009

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

PORTUGAL

In TY 2009, Portuguese citizens were one of only four examinee groups in this report that sent more score reports to domestic schools than to international ones. The proportion of scores sent to schools in Portugal, however, has declined significantly over the last five testing years. In TY 2005, 43 percent of score reports sent by Portuguese examinees remained in Portugal (Table 33). By TY 2009, this proportion had fallen to 28 percent. Spain captured much of this market share—the proportion of scores received by schools in Spain from all Portuguese examinees increased from 9 percent to 13 percent. In addition, schools in the United Kingdom, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands all gained substantially. Table 34: Top 10* Schools to Which Portuguese Citizens Sent Score Reports TY 2005

TY 2009

1. Universidade Catolica Portuguesa

2. New University of Lisbon

2. INSEAD

3. INSEAD

3. New University of Lisbon

4. ISCTE — Business School

4. London Business School

5. London Business School

5. Instituto de Empresa

6. IESE-Business School

6. Columbia University

7. Technical University of Lisbon

7. Universidade do Porto

8. Universidade do Porto

8. IESE Business School

9. Columbia University

9. Harvard University

10. Harvard University

10. ESADE

* Based on number of score reports received.

In TY 2009, eight of the top 10 schools to which Portuguese examinees sent score reports were located in Western Europe (Table 34). The top school was located in Portugal and only two of the top 10 schools were located in the United States. In TY 2009, four of the top 10 programs to which Portuguese examinees sent score reports were programs located in Portugal (Table 35). Universidade Catolica Portuguesa's MBA Part-Time program was ranked second based on the number of score reports received.

Table 35: Top 10* Programs to Which Portuguese Citizens Sent Score Reports in TY 2009 1. INSEAD , MBA 2. Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, MBA Part-Time 3. London Business School, MBA 4. Universidade do Porto, MBA 5. Columbia University, MBA 6. Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, MBA 7. Instituto de Empresa, International MBA 8. New University of Lisbon, MBA 9. Harvard University, MBA 10. IESE Business School, MBA * Based on number of score reports received.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

APPENDIX

Authorship The following individuals made significant contributions to the concept, design, analysis, interpretation of data, and the drafting/revising of the manuscript for intellectual content: Alex Chisholm, Senior Research Analyst, GMAC; Courtney Defibaugh, Senior Research Analyst, GMAC; Hillary Taliaferro, Research Analyst, GMAC. Contact Information For questions or comments regarding study findings, methodology, or data, please contact the GMAC Research and Development Department at research@gmac.com. Acknowledgements Fanmin Guo, Director, Psychometric Research, GMAC, manuscript review; Lawrence Rudner, Vice President, Research and Development, GMAC, manuscript review; Veronica Sinz, Research Publications Manager, GMAC, editorial review; Paula Bruggeman, GMAC, editorial services. Appendix: Regional Categories Eastern Europe

Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia-Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Western Europe*

Andorra Austria Belgium Cyprus Denmark Finland France Germany

Estonia Georgia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Macedonia, The F.Y.R. of Moldova

Greece Iceland Ireland Italy Liechtenstein Luxembourg Malta Monaco

Poland Romania Russia Slovakia Slovenia Ukraine Yugoslavia

The Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom

* Turkey was included under Western Europe in versions of this report published prior to 2007. Turkey was reclassified under the Middle East category due to a change in test vendor classifications. Data for Turkey now appears in the World Geographic Trend Report.

European Geographic Trend Report • 2005–2009

Get Even More Data to Inform Your Decisions

avvy graduate management education professionals use GMAC® research every day to make informed business decisions. Rich data offer customizable insights into key issues that affect your recruitment success. Detailed research reports track important trends in graduate management admissions. Here are just three of the available resources: 1. The Profile of Graduate Management Admission Test® Candidates is a rich source of significant demographic data about GMAT examinees over the past five years. It’s ideal for gauging the size and characteristics of your business school’s potential applicant pool. The book can be used to find testing volume and mean GMAT Total scores by gender, age group, intended degree, undergraduate major, citizenship, location, world region, US subgroup, and US state. Free electronic copies of the Profile are available at gmac.com/GMATProfile. 2. The GMAC® Survey Series includes five annual or biannual surveys of individuals in the graduate management education industry. The surveys explore issues relevant to graduate management programs, prospective graduate business students, recent alumni, and corporate recruiters, and offer data at various depths, depending on the desire of the user and the participation of the school. Survey reports not only present an overview of the data, they provide context for and implications of the research. These reports frequently help drive strategic decision-making processes in graduate business schools. All survey reports are available free online at gmac.com/surveys. Contact research@gmac.com for more information on how to participate in GMAC survey research or to request free print copies of the survey reports (while supplies last). 3. Geographic Trend Reports for GMAT® Examinees track test-taker interest in graduate management programs by region through comparisons of examinee score-sending patterns and their geographic and biographical data from the most recent testing year against data from four years prior. The first Geographic Trend Report was created in 2005. That report has been updated annually since and is now titled the World Geographic Trend Report to differentiate the original, overall report from the more region-specific versions added for Asia, Europe, and North America. Geographic Trend Reports are available free online at gmac.com/GeographicTrends.

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EUROPEAN

Geographic Trend Report for GMAT® Examinees

Which country in Europe receives the most score reports from all GMAT® examinees? How successful are schools in Russia at attracting and retaining their domestic applicant pool? What type of program receives the most score reports from German citizens? Discover the answers to these questions and many more inside this publication. With comparisons of the most recent GMAT® examinee data against historical data from four years prior, the European Geographic Trend Report is a vital resource for admissions officers looking to increase their international applicant pool. By identifying score-sending trends based on examinee citizenship, this report lets you track changes and identify global competition for your international recruitment efforts. This data, in conjunction with the Profile of Graduate Management Admission Test Candidates and the GMAT® Interactive Profile, can help your school plan more effective recruitment and admission activities. If you find this European Geographic Trend Report helpful, you may want to explore other geographic trend reports and research publications available from GMAC, a global nonprofit organization of leading graduate business schools and the owner of the Graduate Management Admission Test® (GMAT®).

Go to www.gmac.com to learn more about: • World, Asian, and North American Geographic Trend Reports • T he Profile of Graduate Management Admission Test Candidates and the GMAT® Interactive Profile • T he GMAC® Survey Series: Application Trends Survey, Alumni Perspectives Survey, mba.com Registrants Survey, Global Management Education Graduate Survey, and Corporate Recruiters Survey

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