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Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi nvwdRyi ingvb

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi nvwdRyi ingvb

MvwW©qvb cvewj‡Kkb 34, b_©eªæK nj †ivW, gv`ivmv gv‡K©U (2q Zjv), evsjvevRvi, XvKvÑ 1100  01710-197558, 01998-584958 02-57165517 guardianpubs@gmail.com www.guardianpubs.com

AbjvBb cwi‡ekK: www.rokomari.com www.boibajar.com

cÖ_g cÖKvk : 16 †deªæqvwi, 2018 wØZxq ms¯‹iY : 22 †deªæqvwi, 2018 Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY : 18 gvP©, 2018 PZz_© ms¯‹iY : 30 GwcÖj, 2018 MÖš’¯^Z:¡ †jLK kã web¨vm: †gv: Rwniæj Bmjvg cÖ”Q` : isZzwj wgwWqv gy`ªY: †gv: Avwgbyj Bmjvg nvW©Kfvi g~j¨ : 400 †ccvie¨vK g~j¨ : 350 ISBN- 978-984-8254-00-4 (Hardcover) ISBN- 978-984-8254-04-2 (Paperback) Erdoğan : The Change Maker by Hafijur Rahman, Published by Guardian Publication, Price Tk. 400 (HC)/Tk. 350 (PB) Only.

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

cÖKvk‡Ki K_v gymwjg wek^ AvR eoB msKUve¯’vi ga¨ w`‡q hv‡”Q| †Kv_vI Avkvi Av‡jv †bB| nZvkviv G‡m †Kej wfo K‡i| †Kv_vI †hb gv_v DuPz K‡i ùvovevi †Rv †bB| A_P Avgv‡ì †Nvovi c`wPý c„w_exi †Kv_vq c‡owb? we`vq n‡R¦i fvlY ï‡bB †Zv Avgv‡ì c~e©cyiæliv Qz‡UwQj `~i-`~iv‡šÍ| Rvwj‡gi cÖvmv` †f‡O Avgiv mvg¨ I Bbmv‡di GK gvbweK `ywbqv ewb Av`g‡ì Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡iwQjvg| mg‡qi eëav‡b ivRgyKzU nvwi‡q AvR Avgiv c‡_i gymvwdi| Avgv‡ì mvg‡b MíUv weR‡qi; wKš‘ ev¯Í‡ei `ywbqvUv eoB cxov`vqK| GKUz Av‡jvi †iLv Lyu‡R †c‡jB Avkvwš^Z ü`q Qz‡U hvq †mw`‡K| GB eywS †KD GKRb gyw³i c`wPý Gu‡K w`j! wVK †hgb me nviv‡bvi `ywbqvq bZzb GK Zzi¯‹ †`‡L Avgiv ¯^‡cœi exR eywb| evsjv‡`k †_‡K mv‡o cuvP nvRvi wK‡jvwgUvi `~‡ii †`kwU ZvB AvR Avgv‡ì Lye Kv‡Qi g‡b nq| AvcbR‡bi emevm eywS †mLv‡b| GKRb †i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb †hb Avgv‡ì AcÖKvwkZ ¯^‡cœi mdj Dc¯’vcK| Kvgvj AvZvZz‡K©i AnsKv‡i Mov †mKz¨jvi Zzi‡¯‹ GLb Gi‡`vqv‡bi So| gvÎ c‡b‡iv eQ‡i Zzi‡¯‹i †Pnviv e`‡j w`‡q Gi‡`vqvb mviv c„w_ex‡K ZvK jvwM‡q w`‡q‡Qb| evsjvfvlx cvVK‡ì mvg‡b MvwW©qvb cvewj‡Kkb-Gi Gev‡ii Dc¯’vcbv ÔGi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKviÕ eB| Zzi‡¯‹ wcGBPwW M‡elYviZ ZiæY †jLK nvwdRyi ingvb fvB, Gi‡`vqv‡bi bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i GK `viæY †¯‹P Gu‡K‡Qb Kj‡gi Kvwj‡Z| Avwg Rvwb, GB KvRUv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb KZUv cwikÖg K‡i‡Qb| Avwg web¤ª K…ZÁZv Rvbvw”Q| evsjv‡`‡ki jv‡Lv gvby‡li Kv‡Q Gi‡`vqvb Ges bZzb Zzi¯‹ GK we¯§q! Avkv KiwQ GB eBwU Zv‡ì †KŠZ‚n‡ji cv‡j bZzb K‡i nvIqv w`‡e BbkvAvjøvn| b~i †gvnv¤§v` Avey Zv‡ni 14 †deªæqvwi, 2018 Bs evsjvevRvi, XvKv|

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

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Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

ïiæi w`‡K cÖvqB fveZvg, GgbwK fvebv‡Z GL‡bv GUvB Av‡Q †h, Avwg Kx cvie GB wekvj gvbylwUi Rxebx dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z? wKš‘ KvR ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ wKQzUv mvnm †cjvg GUv wPšÍv K‡i †h, evsjv fvlvq †h‡nZz Zvi Rxebx wb‡q Avi †Kv‡bv eB †bB wKsev fv‡jv †Kv‡bv AvwU©‡KjI †bB, ZvB Avwg AšÍZ ïiæ †Zv Ki‡Z cvwi| fwel¨‡Z AviI eo †jL‡Kiv nq‡Zv wjL‡eb wKsev Rvbvi †Póv Ki‡eb| GB Avkv wb‡qB eBwU †jLvi KvR ïiæ Kiv| Gi‡`vqv‡bi Rxebx wb‡q KvR Kivi ïiæUv wQj 2016 mv‡ji †g gv‡m| Gici Ryb †_‡K Uvbv KvR| cÖvq 20 gvm mg‡qi GKwU eo Ask GB Kv‡Ri †cQ‡b w`‡qwQ| gvSLv‡b Aek¨ K‡qK gvm Avgvi wcGBPwWi †Kvm© IqvK© I †Kvqvwjwd‡Kkb G·v‡gi Kvi‡Y KvR wKQzUv _g‡K wQj| gnvb Avjøvn Zvqvjvi A‡kl ïKwiqv †h KvRwUi †kl w`‡K Avm‡Z †c‡iwQ| KvR ïiæ Kivi mgq †_‡K †kl Kiv ch©šÍ Avwg †ek wKQz ¸YxR‡bi GZ †ewk mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ, hv wj‡L †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| Zv‡ì mK‡ji Kv‡Q Avwg K…ZÁ| eB †jLvi cwiKíbv Avwg ïiæ‡ZB †kqvi K‡iwQjvg Avgvi kÖ‡×q wkÿK I AvbKvivi MvwR BDwbf©vwmwUi ivóªweÁvb I †jvK cÖkvmb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK W. †gn‡g` AvwKd I‡hi (Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akif Özer) m¨v‡ii mv‡_| fve‡ZB cvwiwb, Dwb Avgv‡K GZ †ewk Drmvn w`‡eb| Dwb c Avgv‡K H w`b cÖvq `yNÈv mgq w`‡q we¯ÍvwiZ ky‡b‡Qb Ges civgk© w`‡q‡Qb| †ek wKQz †idv‡iÝ w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| †ek wKQz RvqMvq cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡q Zv‡ì wbKU †_‡KI †idv‡iÝ †c‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| Hw`‡bi ci †_‡K hZevi Dbvi mv‡_ †`Lv n‡q‡Q, ZZeviB eB‡qi AMÖMwZ wb‡q Lei wb‡q‡Qb| hv‡ì mv‡_ Dwb cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv †cÖwm‡W›U Kvh©vj‡qi Rbm¤ú„³Zv wefv‡Mi cÖavb Gf‡ib evkvi, whwb cieZ©x mg‡q †ek wKQz †idv‡iÝ w`‡q mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi mycvifvBRvi Aa¨vcK W. nvwg` Ggivn †ewi‡mi (Prof. Dr. Hamit Emrah Beriş) wbKU Avwg we‡klfv‡e K…ZÁ| whwb ïiæ †_‡K Avgv‡K bvbv w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| hLbB †Kv‡bv wel‡q †idv‡iÝ msK‡U fz‡MwQ, ZLbB Dbvi Øvi¯’ n‡qwQ| Avi DwbI gb Ly‡j mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb|

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

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Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

Gi‡`vqvb‡K `xN© mgq a‡i KvQ †_‡K †`Lv †mB mKj gvbyl¸‡jvi, hviv wKbv G‡K cvwU©i cÖwZôv †_‡K ïiæ K‡i `‡ji m‡e©v”P bxwZwba©viYx †dvivgmn bvbv ch©v‡q `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb wKsev Ki‡Qb| Z‡e GLv‡b me‡P‡q ¯^w¯Íi w`K n‡jv hv‡ì mvÿvrKvi †P‡qwQ, Zv‡ì wbKU Lye mn‡RB †cuŠQ‡Z †c‡iwQ| Rbve Gi‡`vqv‡bi mv‡_ 1985 mvj †_‡K KvR K‡i Avmv Ges eZ©gv‡b `‡ji m‡e©v”P bxwZwba©viYx †dviv‡gi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv †gv¯Ídv AvZvm (Sayın Mustafa Ataş) mv‡ne (G‡K cvvwU©i mvsMVwbK mfvcwZ, hv‡K cÖvqkB `‡j †cÖwm‡W›U I cÖavbgš¿xi ci me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³ g‡b Kiv nq) Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi wefv‡Mi mfvcwZ G‡ivj Kvqv (Sayın Erol Kaya) mv‡n‡ei †bqv mvÿvrKv‡ii bvbv w`K _vK‡Q eB‡qi Aa¨v‡q Aa¨v‡q| `‡ji e‡qv‡R¨ô G `yR‡bi mvÿvrKvi †bqvi ci wPšÍv K‡iwQjvg †h, m‡e©v”P bxwZwba©viYx †dviv‡gi Zzjbvg~jK hye eqmx‡ì mvÿvrKvi †bqv ìKvi| ZviB Ask wn‡m‡e G‡K cvwU©i hye msMV‡bi mfvcwZ †gwjn GRviZv‡mi (Sayın Melih Ecertaş) mvÿvrKvi wb‡qwQ whwb Gi‡`vqvb‡K KvQ †_‡K MZ K‡qK eQ‡i †`‡L‡Qb| GB mvÿvrKvi¸‡jv †bqvi d‡j Gi‡`vqvb I G‡K cvwU© wb‡q cÖexY I ZiæY †bZv‡ì g~j¨vq‡bi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY KiviI my‡hvM †c‡qwQ| Gici wM‡qwQjvg `‡ji cÖwZôvZv Ggwc‡ì Kv‡Q hviv GLb A‡bKUvB ivRbxwZ †_‡K we`vq wb‡q‡Qb| Dbv‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQjvg, Dbviv †h ¯^cœ‡K mvg‡b wb‡q G‡K cvwU© cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi KZUzKz ev¯Íevqb n‡q‡Q? KZUzKz evwK Av‡Q? Avi GiB Ask wn‡m‡e `xN© mgq K_v n‡q‡Q mv‡eK Ggwc gvngy` ¸K‡mv (Sayın Mahmut Göksü) I ïK‡iv Dbv‡ji (Sayın Şükrü Ünal) mv‡_, hv‡ì `yRbB G‡K cvwU© MV‡bi c~ee© Z©x I cieZ©x msm‡ì Ggwc wQ‡jb| `‡ji cÖwZôvi ci cÖ_g msm‡`B Ggwc n‡q‡Qb wKsev cÖwZôvi mgq ZiæY eqmx wQ‡jb I cieZ©x mg‡q Ggwc n‡q‡Qb; Ggb `yR‡bi mvÿvrKvi wb‡qwQ| Dbviv n‡jb †i‡Rc Bjw`wig (Sayın Recep Yıldırım) Ges W. BmgvBj mvwd (Sayın Dr. İsmail Safi) GB `yRbB eZ©gv‡b G‡K cvwU©i †K›`ªxq †bZv wn‡m‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

`‡ji Z…Yg~‡ji RbcÖwZwbwa Ges †bZv wn‡m‡e AvbKvivi K¨vwPI‡ib †cŠimfvi †gqi †gv¯Ídv AvK (Sayın Mustafa Ak) Ges B‡qwb `ywbqv fvKwd, AvbKviv kvLvi mfvcwZ I K¨vwPI‡ib †Rjvi G‡K cvwU©i cÖwZôvZv Avwj ZKz‡hi (Sayın Ali Toköz) mvÿvrKvi wb‡qwQ| Avwj ZKzh mv‡ne ïay mvÿvrKvi †`bwb eis eB‡qi KvR ïiæ nIqvi ci †_‡K me mgq Kv‡Ri Lei wb‡q‡Qb Ges evievi †kl Kivi ZvwM` w`‡q‡Qb| cvkvcvwk AvbKvivi AviI †ek K‡qKRb Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi †bZv-Kg©x‡ì mvÿvrKvi †bqvi my‡hvM n‡q‡Q| eBwUi cÖv_wgK †jLv (WªvdU) †kl nIqvi ci Avgvi PviRb ïfvKv•ÿx cÖæd Kwc c‡o cÖ‡qvRbxq w`Kwb‡`©kbv I ms‡kvabx w`‡q‡Qb, hv‡ì Kv‡Q Avwg K…ZÁ| cÖ_gRb, Avgvi kÖ‡×q k^ïi Rbve Avey wmbv byiæj Bmjvg gvgyb| wØZxqRb, eo fvB, mnKg©x Ges Ab¨Zg Kv‡Qi gvbyl †gv¯Ídv dqmvj cvi‡fR fvB, whwb ïay cÖæd Kwc covB bq eis eB †jLvi ïiæ †_‡KB Avgv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq w`Kwb‡`©kbv w`‡q‡Qb| Z…ZxqRb, Zzi‡¯‹i †KvRvBwj BDwbf©vwmwU‡Z wcGBPwW‡Z Aa¨qbiZ Rvwn`yj Bmjvg| Avi PZz_©Rb, Zzi‡¯‹i MvwR BDwbf©vwmwU‡Z gv÷v‡m© Aa¨qbiZ †`‡jvqvi †nv‡mb, whwb ïay cÖæd covB bq eis cy‡iv eB †jLvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q mvwe©K mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb| eB‡qi bvbv Kv‡R †hvMv‡hvM Ges Z_¨ w`‡q mvwe©K mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb Zzi‡¯‹i cÖavbgš¿xi Dc‡`óv I m¤§vwbZ wkÿK Rbve Avwj cyjvZ, hv‡K me mgq eo fvB‡qi g‡Zv Kv‡Q †c‡qwQ| Gi cvkvcvwk Zzi¯‹ I evsjv‡`wk †ek wKQz fvB, eÜz Ges mnKg©x‡ì A‡bK †ewk mnvqZv †c‡qwQ, hvi weeiY Avm‡j w`‡q †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| eBwUi cÖKvkK MvwW©qvb cvewj‡Kkb-Gi b~i †gvnv¤§v` Avey Zv‡ni fvB‡qi wbKU Avwg A‡bK †ewk K…ZÁ| eB‡qi ïiæ †_‡K wbqwgZ †LuvR wb‡q evievi ZvwM` w`‡q‡Qb| Avwg hLbB wKQzUv wSwg‡q c‡owQ, ZLbB b~i †gvnv¤§v` fvB‡qi g¨v‡mR¸‡jv Avgv‡K AviI mwµq n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| Avgvi cwiev‡ii m`mïv we‡kl K‡i AveŸv I Av¤§v, hv‡ì †`vqv‡ZB AvR‡Ki G ch©šÍ Avmv, Zv‡ì cÖwZ Avwg kÖ×vf‡i K…ZÁZv Ávcb KiwQ| hLbB Dbv‡ì mv‡_ †dv‡b K_v n‡q‡Q, ZLbB eB‡qi KvR KZ`~i Zv Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

GB cy‡iv eB †jLvi mgq me‡P‡q †ewk hvi mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ, †m n‡jv Avgvi mnawg©Yx bvwdmv Bmjvg wRnvb| eBwUi KvR ïiæ nIqvi cÖvq cy‡iv mgqUv‡Z †m GK KwVb mgq cvi K‡i‡Q| we‡kl K‡i GB mg‡q Avgv‡ì cÖ_g mšÍvb iæk`v ingvb iæwn `ywbqv‡Z G‡m‡Q| ev”Pv nIqvi c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x mg‡q †m A‡bK †ewk âh©aviY K‡i, A‡bK †ewk †mwµdvBm K‡i Avgv‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q Ges wjL‡Z Drmvn w`‡q †M‡Q| Gi cvkvcvwk Avgvi kÖ‡×qv kvkywo eB †jLvi †kl Qq gvm wb‡Ri cwievi cwiRb ev` w`‡q Avgv‡ì mv‡_B wQ‡jb| Avgv‡ì beRvZK mšÍv‡bi †`Lv‡kvbvi e¨vcv‡i Dbvi mvwe©K mn‡hvwMZvi d‡j eB‡qi Kv‡R A‡bK †ewk MwZ mÂvi n‡q‡Q| Avwg Dbv‡ì `yR‡bi cÖwZ wPi K…ZÁ| eB wjL‡Z wM‡q m¤¢eZ me‡P‡q ewÂZ n‡q‡Q Avgvi †QvÆ †g‡qwU| hv‡K Avwg MZ Qq gvm A‡bK †ewk VwK‡qwQ, A‡bK †ewk fv‡jvevmv, Avì I mgq †`qv †_‡K ewÂZ K‡iwQ| AvR hLb eB‡qi KvR †kl ch©v‡q G‡m‡Q, ZLb †m Ôevev, evevÕ WvK‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Q| Avjøvn Zv‡K A‡bK eo Kiæb| Avgvi wcÖq cvVK‡ì wbKU Zvi Rb¨ cÖvYLy‡j †`vqv PvB| eB‡q cvVK‡ì eySvi myweav‡_© K‡qKwU dzU‡bvU (*) eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| †idv‡iÝ †PK Ki‡Z wM‡q cvVKe„‡›ì covi Q›`cZb bv NUzK| AbymwÜrmy cvVK‡ì Rb¨ ZvB †idv‡iÝ¸‡jv eB‡qi G‡Kev‡i †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †kl w`‡K G‡m GKwU welq ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB| Avi Zv n‡jv gvbyl fz‡ji wKsev mxgve×Zvi E‡aŸ© bq| myZivs Avgvi GB eBwU‡Z fzj _vKvUvB ¯^vfvweK| Z‡e Avwg †Póv K‡iwQ Avgvi mxgve× Ávb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q m‡e©v”P kÖg w`‡q ¯^”Q Ges wbfz©j GKwU eB cvVK‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z| GiciI AmZK©ZvekZ fzj¸‡jv Avgv‡K awi‡q w`‡j K…ZÁ _vKe Ges ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ me©`v Avgvi ìRv †Lvjv _vK‡e| me©‡kl Avgvi `„p Avkv eBwU eZ©gvb we‡k¦i Ab¨Zg GKRb †PÄ †gKvi, GKRb ¯^‡cœi gvbyl, GKRb K¨vwikg¨vwUK †bZv Ges wek¦ gvbeZv I gRjy‡gi cv‡k ùvov‡bv GKRb eo gvbyl wn‡m‡e †i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqv‡bi Rxebx Ges bZzb Zzi¯‹ m¤ú‡K© cvVK‡ì Rvbvi AvMÖ‡ni wKQzUv n‡jI †LvivK wgj‡e| nvwdRyi ingvb AvbKviv, Zzi¯‹| 28 wW‡m¤î, 2017

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

m~wPcÎ cÖv_wgK Rxeb wi‡hi †QvÆ GK gnjøv B¯Ívš^‡y ji KvwQgcvkv wkÿv Rxeb mKj cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cÖ_g wZwb nKvi I †dwiIqvjvi KvR †ckvRxex dzUejvi ivRbxwZ‡Z nv‡ZLwo Kg©Rxeb we‡q gnxqmx bvix Gwg‡b Gi‡`vqvb †Q‡j-†g‡q I bvwZ-bvZwb mvgwiK cÖwkÿY

21 21 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 29

AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm Dmgvwb wLjvd‡Zi mgvwß : GKwU mf¨Zvi cZb †Ljvd‡Zi wejywß I Zzi¯‹ cÖRvZš¿ †NvlYv GK`jxq miKv‡ii kvmbvg‡j Zzi¯‹ (1920-50) ew`D¾vgvb mvC` byiwm I Zuvi Av‡›`vjb Zzi‡¯‹ eû`jxq MYZvwš¿K kvmbKvj ag©wbi‡cÿZvi cÖm½ Ges cÖ_g †mbv Kz¨ Av`bvb †g‡›`‡i‡mi duvwm 1961-1980 : Aw¯’wZkxj GK MYZš¿ 1971 mv‡ji †mbv †g‡gv‡iÛvg

30 34 34 40 41 42 44 45 46

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

†Kvqvwjkb miKvi : Aw¯’i ivRbxwZ Zzi‡¯‹i ivRbxwZ‡Z Av`‡k©i wefvRb Zzi‡¯‹ Bmjvwg Av‡›`vj‡bi cø¨vUdg© : wgwjø ¸iæm 1980 mv‡ji †mbv Kz¨ AvbvfvZvb cvwU© I Zzi¸Z I‡hj ivRbxwZwe`‡`i Dci wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi 1991-2002 : †Kvqvwjkb miKvi I Aw¯’i ivRbxwZ 1997 mv‡ji †cv÷ gWvb© Kz¨

47 48 49 49 51 52 52 54

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZi `vwq‡Z¡ Gi‡`vqvb †eBqy¨jy †cŠimfvi †gqi wbe©vPb Ae‡k‡l cÖvw_©Zv Ges bZzb wbe©vPbx †KŠkj! ïayB wbe©vPb bq, `vIqvwZ KvRI wbe©vP‡bi djvdj ÔB¯Ívš^yj g‡WjÕ †idvn cvwU©i g‡Wj B¯Ívš^y‡j mvsMVwbK gReywZ 1991-Gi wbe©vPb Ges Ggwc Gi‡`vqvb 1993-G B¯Ívš^yj kvLv †idv cvwU©

59 60 61 63 64 65 67 70 71

B¯Ívš^y‡ji †gqi Gi‡`vqvb B¯Ívš^yj : `ywbqvi ivRavbx 1989-94 mv‡ji B¯Ívš^yj B¯Ívš^y‡ji †gqi cÖv_©x Gi‡`vqvb Z…Yg~j †MvQv‡bvi cwiKíbv I KvR wbe©vPbx cÖPviYv I Bk‡Znvi wbe©vPb I Af‚Zc~e© weRq †gqi wn‡m‡e KvR ïiæ cÖ_g 100 w`b G GK Ab¨ B¯Ívš^yj

76 79 80 81 83 88 89 91 92

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

KviveiY I AwbwðZ MšÍ‡e¨i Rxeb wk‡U© we‡ÿvf mgv‡ek I KweZv Ave„wË KweZv Ave„wË wekvj Aciva †mKz¨jvi GwjU‡`i wgwWqv Gi‡`vqv‡bi cÖwZwµqv cÖwZwµqvgq †`k, weÿz× RbZv Gi‡`vqv‡bi Avwcj, ïbvwb I P‚ovšÍÍ ivq cÖ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z mdi †gqiwkc evwZj I fvicÖvß †gqi wbe©vPb cÖm½ wcbviwnmvi †R‡j Gi‡`vqvb †R‡j e‡m bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i cwiKíbv †Rj †_‡K gyw³ wcbviwnmvi KvivMvi : †kl n‡qI n‡jv bv †kl Ave„wËKvi Gi‡`vqvb Ges G¨vjevg

96 97 98 99 100 101 102 102 103 106 107 107 108

G‡K cvwU©i MVb, Kvh©µg ïiæ Ges 2002 mv‡ji wbe©vPb G‡K cvwU© MV‡bi †cÖÿvcU †idv cvwU© eÜ I dvwRjZ cvwU© MVb ivR‰bwZK A‰bK¨ I Aw¯’iZv : e¨_© ivRbxwZ †bZ…Z¡ msKU msKUgq I f½yi A_©bxwZ : BD‡iv‡ci iæM&Y †`k Zzi¯‹ me©v‡½ e¨_v, Ilya w`e †Kv_v dvwRjZ cvwU©i Ks‡MÖm I †bZ…Z¡ wb‡q wefvRb dvwRjZ cvwU© wbwl×KiY I G‡K cvwU© MVb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Gevi Gi‡`vqv‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡q RbMY ivRbxwZ †_‡K wb‡lavÁv cÖZ¨vnvi Gi‡`vqv‡bi ivR‰bwZK mdi ïiæ G‡K cvwU©i MVb Gi‡`vqv‡bi GK HwZnvwmK e³e¨

109 110 110 113 113 114 115 115 120 121 121 121 122

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

bZzb cvwU©i bv‡gi Zvrch© G‡K cvwU©i Kg©m~wP I ivR‰bwZK `k©b †K n‡eb bZzb cvwU©i mfvcwZ mßvn Ry‡o wgwWqv‡Z Gi‡`vqvb So mvsweavwbK Av`vjZ ebvg Gi‡`vqvb I G‡K cvwU© Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb †hLv‡b, Avgiv †mLv‡b bZzb `‡ji cÖ_g cixÿv: Kvq‡mwi Zzi‡¯‹ g¨viv_b mdi RbZvi mv‡_ wg‡k hvIqv GK Gi‡`vqvb †K›`ªxq Kvh©©vj‡qi D‡Øvab bZzb cvwU©i K‚U‰bwZK Kvh©µg bZzb cvwU©i msMVb cÖwZôv Ges mvsMVwbK gReywZ mvaviY RbM‡Yi msMVb G‡K cvwU© mvsweavwbK Av`vjZ GUwb© †Rbv‡i‡ji Av‡e`b MÖnY msKU evo‡ZB _vKj Gi‡`vqvb‡K _vwg‡q w`‡Z n‡e †W‡gv‡µwUK †jdU cvwU© †f‡O †Mj AvMvg wbe©vPb G‡K cvwU©i cÖ_g wbe©vPb wbe©vP‡b cÖv_©x n‡Z cvi‡jb bv Gi‡`vqvb Ae‡k‡l †mB wbe©vPb I HwZnvwmK weRq G‡K cvwU©i f‚wgam weRq : GKwU ch©v‡jvPbv Wvb I evgcš’x‡`i msm` G‡K cvwU©i miKvi : Avãyjøvn ¸j I Zvi gwš¿mfv Gi‡`vqv‡bi we‡`k mdi I G‡K cvwU©i c‡ÿ AvšÍR©vwZK cÖPviYv

msweavb ms‡kvab I Ggwc cÖv_©x Gi‡`vqvb cÖavbgš¿x Gi‡`vqvb I Zvi gwš¿mfv Av`bvb †g‡›`‡im, Zzi¸Z I‡hj I Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb bvRgywÏb GievKvb I Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb

123 123 124 125 125 126 126 127 129 130 130 131 133 134 135 136 137 137 137 139 140 141 142 143 143 144 145 145 146

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

cÖavbgš¿x Gi‡`vqvb I bZzb Zzi¯‹ Gi‡`vqv‡bi bZzb Zzi¯‹ bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i ivRbxwZ bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i wkÿve¨e¯’v bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i D”Pwkÿv I M‡elYv bZzb Zzi‡¯‹ GKRb Qv‡Îi wek¦we`¨vjq Rxeb bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i ag©xq AwaKvi I ag©xq wkÿvi cÖmvi Zvic‡iI wK GKwU wkÿv wecøe ejv hvq bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i ¯^v¯’¨LvZ mgv‡Ri AbMÖmigvb RbM‡Yi Rb¨ bZzb Zzi¯‹ bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i A_©bxwZ Rb¯^vaxbZv wbwðZ Kiv Ges AwaKvi wdwi‡q †`qv wnRve : bvix mgv‡Ri eû AvKvw•ÿZ GK ¯^vaxbZv bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i hye mgvR bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i wgwWqv I mvs¯‹…wZK RMZ bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i ¯’vbxq miKvi ïay wK Dbœqb wfkb 2023 ev¯Íevq‡b wbišÍi Qz‡U Pjv

153 155 156 160 162 164 167 168 169 171 172 174 175 178 180 181 183 184

Gi‡`vqvb I G‡K cvwU©i mvg‡b eo eo cixÿv cvwU© e‡Ü gvgjv I HwZnvwmK GK †fvU 2012 mv‡ji 7 †deªæqvix : miKvi cZ‡b c‡ivÿ Kz¨ †MwR cvK© gyf‡g›U : G‡K cvwU©i weiæ‡× eo ai‡bi av°v c¨vivjvj ivóª : miKv‡ii †fZi Av‡iK miKvi †dZzjøvn ¸‡jb, ¸‡jb gyf‡g›U Ges †dZz

185 188 190 196 197

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

†cÖwm‡W›U Gi‡`vqvb G‡K cvwU© c~e©eZ©x †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb 2007 mv‡ji †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb wb‡q RwUjZv 2014 mv‡ji †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb †cÖwm‡W›U cÖv_©x Gi‡`vqvb wbe©vPb cÖPviYv †cÖwm‡W›U wbe©vPb I GKwU RvMiYx weÁvcb wbe©vPb I djvdj cvwU©i cÖ_g we‡kl Ks‡MÖm I bZzb cvwU© cÖavb †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e KvR ïiæ Ges Gi‡`vqv‡bi wZb eQi †cÖwm‡W›U feb : PvbKvqv KmKz †_‡K †em‡Z‡c‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi miKvwi Dbœq‡bi avivevwnKZv Gi‡`vqvb, iv‡eqv Ges bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i HK¨ 2015 mv‡ji RvZxq wbe©vPb : G‡K cvwU©i cÖ_g wech©q

wØZxqevi wbe©vPb I GKK msL¨vMwiôZv cvwU©i wØZxq we‡kl Ks‡MÖm Ges `vIZzjyi m‡i `uvov‡bv †cÖwm‡WwÝqvj e¨e¯’v cÖeZ©‡b Kvh©µg ïiæ 2017 mv‡ji MY‡fvU MY‡fv‡U Ônu¨vÕ-Gi Rq Ges cieZ©x c`‡ÿc bZzb K‡i G‡K cvwU©i †Pqvig¨vb c‡` Gi‡`vqvb

202 203 205 205 206 206 207 208 208 209 210 210 211 212 212 213 213 213 214 215

15 RyjvB‡qi Kz¨ : bZzb Zzi‡¯‹ MYZ‡š¿i Rq 2016 mv‡ji mvgwiK Kz¨ : bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i MYZ‡š¿i weRq Zzi‡¯‹ e¨_© Kz¨ : k¦vmiæ×Ki GKwU Kv‡jv ivZ GKbR‡i Kz¨Õi NUbvcÖevn 15 RyjvB : Gi‡`vqvb I Zvi cwiev‡ii †mB ivZwU HwZnvwmK Avnevb

216 217 219 222 229

†Kvqvwjkb miKvi MV‡b e¨_©Zv Ges bZzb wbe©vP‡bi ZvwiL †NvlYv

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

MYZ‡š¿i weRq BwZnvm mvgwiK Kz¨ e¨_©Ki‡Yi Ab¨Zg bvq‡Kiv 15 RyjvB Kz¨ cieZ©x Zzi¯‹ : HK¨ I GKZvi GK gnx‡mvcvb

230 243 249

Gi‡`vqvb I wek¦ ivRbxwZ wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb I G‡K cvwU© Zzi¯‹-Av‡gwiKv m¤úK© Zzi¯‹-BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb m¤úK© Zzi¯‹-ivwkqv m¤úK© Zzi¯‹-ga¨cÖvP¨ I gymwjg wek¦ m¤úK© HwZnvwmK Iqvb wgwbU G‡K cvwU©i Ks‡MÖ‡m BmvgvBj nvwbqvi e³e¨ wek^ Bmjvwg Av‡›`vjb¸‡jvi cv‡k bZzb Zzi¯‹ ivRbxwZ‡Z bZzb cwiKíbv : wbD A‡UvgvwbRg Zvwq¨c fvB! FY¸‡jv gvd K‡i †`b Nvbvi †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Rb¥w`‡bi Dcnvi ˆe‡`wkK m¤ú‡K©vbœq‡b bZzb Zzi‡¯‹i cÖwZôvb¸‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK ms¯’v¸‡jv‡Z bZzb Zzi¯‹ `ywbqv cuv‡Pi †P‡q eo we‡k¦ gvbweK mnvqZvq cÖ_g bZzb Zzi¯‹ Gi‡`vqvb : gRjyg‡`i cv‡k GK wek¦‡bZv Kzw`© Bmy¨ : Zzi‡¯‹ wek¦ ivRbxwZi KjKvwV

252 254 256 257 258 265 267 268 269 271 271 272 273 274 275 276 278

Gi‡`vqv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvejx I wewea welqvejx Gi‡`vqv‡bi WvqbvwgK †bZ…Z¡ : wKQz AmvaviY ˆewkó¨ Avjøvni cÖwZ AwePj Av¯’v I wek¦vm cwikÖgx Gi‡`vqvb cÖPzi Aa¨qb

279 281 281 282

Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKvi

mevB‡K ey‡K †U‡b †bqv ivRbxwZwe`‡ì me mgq KvR Kiv mnR mij Rxebhvcb myk„•Lj GK msMVK civgk©wfwËK KvR I wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡b `„pZv AmvaviY e¨w³Z¡ Kv‡Ri ZË¡veavb mwµq I †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ‡ì cÖvavb¨ †`qv hyeK‡ì cÖvavb¨ Gi‡`vqv‡bi RvMiYgqx wKQz e³‡eï Pz¤^K Ask †kl n‡qI n‡”Q bv †kl! Z_¨m~Î we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨m~Î Ges MÖš’ wb‡`©wkKv

283 285 286 286 286 287 287 288 289 290 291 294 298

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

cÖv_wgK Rxeb wi‡hi †QvÆ GK gnjøv Zzi‡¯‹i DËi-c~e© †Kv‡bi †QvÆ cÖ‡`k wi‡h| GB cÖ‡`‡ki mv‡_ jv‡Mvqv Av‡iKwU cÖ‡`‡ki c‡iB RwR©qvi mxgvšÍ| K…ò mvM‡ii cv‡k g‡bvig GB cÖ‡`kwU PvÕi GjvKv wn‡m‡e cÖwm×| cÖ‡`kwUi 11wU †Rjvi g‡a¨ ¸‡bBmy †RjvwU‡K cvnvwo GjvKvB ejv P‡j| ¸‡bBmyi †QvU GK gnjøvi bvg †gi‡KR gnjøv, †mLv‡bB emevm wQj Gi‡`vqvb es‡ki| `v`v Zvwq¨c G‡dbwì (ÔG‡dbw`Õ kãwU Zzi‡¯‹ cyiæl‡ì bv‡gi mv‡_ mvaviYZ Ômv‡ne/RbveÕ A‡_© eëüZ nq) N‡i Rb¥ Avng` Gi‡`vqv‡bi| †mB mg‡q wi‡h AvR‡Ki g‡Zv GZUv DbœZ wQj bv, ZvB PvKwi wKsev eëmvi my‡hvMI A‡bK Kg wQj| Avi AvR‡Ki wi‡h‡Z †h Pv wk‡íi weKvk, Zv ZLb cÖvq wQj bv ej‡jB P‡j| Avng` Gi‡`vqvb ZvB PvKwi I DbœZ Rxebhvc‡bi Avkvq evwo †_‡K †ewi‡q c‡ob| 1918 mv‡ji w`‡K wZwb Zzi‡¯‹i R½j`v (B¯Ívš^j y kn‡ii cv‡k †QvÆ GK cÖ‡`k) kn‡i GK AvZ¥x‡qi evwo‡Z D‡Vb| GLv‡b Pvi eQi KvR K‡i wZwb cvwo Rgvb B¯Ívš^y‡j| B¯Ívš^‡y ji KvwQgcvkv B¯Ívš^y‡j G‡m KvwQgcvkvq emevm ïiæ K‡ib Avng` Gi‡`vqvb| 1925 mv‡j Rvnv‡Ri K¨v‡Þb wn‡m‡e PvKwi †bb| mvMi c‡_i GB PvKwi wZwb 1968 mv‡j Aemi †bqvi c~e© ch©šÍ wbqwgZ K‡ib| gvÎ 13 eQi eq‡mB we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb Avng` Gi‡`vqvb| Zv‡ì Ni Av‡jvwKZ K‡i `yB cyÎmšÍvbI `ywbqv‡Z Av‡m| wKš‘ †mB we‡q ¯’vqx nqwb| 1952 mv‡j Zuviv Avjv`v n‡q hvb| Zvi GKeQi ci Avng` Gi‡`vqvb we‡q K‡ib Zvbwh‡j nvwbg (ÔnvwbgÕ kãwU Zzi‡¯‹ gwnjv‡ì bv‡gi †k‡l Ôwg‡mm wKsev RbvevÕ A‡_© eëüZ nq) bv‡g GK gnxqmx bvix‡K| GB `¤úwZi †Kvj Av‡jvwKZ K‡i Zv‡ì cÖ_g mšÍvb `ywbqv‡Z Av‡m| w`bwU wQj 1954 mv‡ji 26 †deªæqvwi, iweevi| dzUdz‡U GB †Q‡jwUi bvgB

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

Ô†i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb|Õ Aviwe‡Z ZLb wQj iRe gvm| ZvB Zvi bvg ivLv nq †i‡Rc (ZzwK© fvlvq ÔiReÕ †K Ô†i‡RcÕ ejv nq), `v`vi bvg †_‡K †bqv nq Zvwq¨c Avi eskxq Dcvwa Gi‡`vqvb †hvM n‡q bvg nq Ô†i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvbÕ*| c‡i GB `¤úwZi AviI `yB mšÍvb Rb¥ †bq| Gi g‡a¨ GKRb cyÎ (†gv¯Ídv Gi‡`vqvb) Ges AciRb Kb¨v| me wgwj‡q Gi‡`vqvbiv 5 fvB-†evb wQ‡jb| Av‡Mi msmv‡i `yB fvB Avi GB msmv‡i `yB fvB, GK †evb| †i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb cy‡iv bvg n‡jI wZwb mviv we‡k¦ g~jZ cwiwPwZ †c‡q‡Qb Gi‡`vqvb wn‡m‡eB| hw`I Zzi‡¯‹i A‡b‡KB Zv‡K Zvwq¨c wKsev Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb wn‡m‡eB m‡¤^vab K‡ib| Gi‡`vqvb Zvi cÖv_wgK Rxeb wb‡q Gfv‡eB ¯§„wZPviY K‡ibÔAvgvi Avmj GjvKv wi‡h| wKš‘ 1954 mv‡ji 26 †deªæqvwi KvwQgcvkvq R‡b¥wQ| Avgvi wcÖq evev Avng` Gi‡`vqvb mgy`ª c‡_i (Rvnv‡Ri) K¨v‡Þb wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡Zb| evev 13 eQi eq‡m B¯Ívš^y‡j Av‡mb| †Kbbv, H mg‡q wi‡h‡Z RxebhvÎvi gvb Lye Lvivc wQj, PvKwiI wQj bv| GgbwK ZLb wi‡h‡Z GLbKvi g‡Zv Pv wk‡íiI weKvk wQj bv| Pvi fvB I GK †evb‡K wb‡q Avgiv †gvU cuvP fvB-†evb| `v`vi bvg Zvwq¨c nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ges iRe gv‡m Rb¥ nIqvq Avgvi bvg nq Ô†i‡Rc Zvwq¨c|Õ Avwg Avgvi Rxe‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask B¯Ívš^y‡ji cÖvPxb Rbc`¸‡jvi GKwU, KvwQgcvkv‡ZB KvwU‡qwQ1|Õ wkÿv Rxeb wcqv‡jcvkv cÖvBgvwi ¯‹‡z jB Gi‡`vqv‡bi cÖvwZôvwbK wkÿvi nv‡ZLwo| 1964-65 wkÿve‡l© PgrKvi djvdj wb‡q wZwb GB ¯‹zj †_‡K cÖv_wgK wkÿv mgvß K‡ib| *

Gi‡`vqv‡bi cy‡iv bvg wb‡q cÖvqB mskq m„wó nq| ÔRecep Tayyip ErdoğanÕ bvgwUi ZzwK© fvlvq ï× D”PviY Ô†i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvbÕ| j¨vwUb ni‡d ZzwK© fvlv n‡jI me¸‡jv D”PviY Bs‡iwRi g‡Zv bv| Avi ZvB ÔGi‡`vMvbÕ bq ÔGi‡`vqvbÕ n‡e| Avi cÖ_g bvgwU Ôwi‡mcÕ bq, kãwU Ô†i‡RcÕ hv Aviwe‡Z ÔiReÕ wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq, Avi ZzwK© ÔZvwq¨cÕ kãwU g~jZ ÔZvwqëÕ Aviwe kã †_‡K| Avgv‡ì †`‡ki g‡Zv Aviwe kã‡K wfwË K‡i eënvi Ki‡j bvgwU n‡e, ÔiRe Zvwqë Gi‡`vqvbÕ| GB eB‡Z Avwg ZzwK© kã¸‡jvi eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î ZzwK© D”PviY‡KB cÖvavb¨ †`qvi †Póv K‡iwQ|

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

K¬v‡m †hgb wQ‡jb †gavex, †Zgb wQ‡jb DËg Avgjavix| GKw`b ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK †kÖwYK‡ÿ Xz‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Ô†K bvgvR cov‡Z cvi‡e?Õ gvÎ GKRb wkÿv_©x nvZ Zzj‡jb Ges bvgvR cov‡jb| QvÎiv ZLb Zv‡K ixwZg‡Zv ÔûRvg* e‡j WvKZ| Avi GB †QvU eq‡m ûRvg nIqv †mB wkÿv_©xB wQ‡jb Gi‡`vqvb| G ¯‹z‡ji ¯§„wZ wb‡q Gi‡`vqv‡bi wb‡Ri fvl¨ n‡jvÑ ÔcÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji cÂg †kªwYi QvÎ _vKvKv‡j K¬v‡m Xz‡K ¯‹z‡ji cÖavb wkÿK Bnmvb AvKmB (Avjøvn Dbvi cÖwZ ing Kiæb) Dbvi K¬v‡m (ag© I ms¯‹…wZ) Avgvi cvidi‡gÝ †`‡L Avgv‡K Avì K‡i K¬v‡mi Rvbvjvi KvQvKvwQ wb‡q †M‡jb| nvwj‡Pi mvg‡b GK RvqMv †`wL‡q ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡K H ¯‹z‡j cvVve|Õ Avi †mUv wQj B¯Ívš^yj Bgvg nvwZe ¯‹zj| Avi Gfv‡eB 1965 mv‡j wcqv‡jcvkv cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj mgvß n‡q Bgvg nvwZe ¯‹zj* ïiæ nq|Õ2 GB ¯‹z‡jB Gi‡`vqv‡bi Rxe‡bi A‡bK¸‡jv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© eQi AwZevwnZ nq| GLv‡b Zuvi Rxe‡bi A‡bK ¯§„wZ i‡q‡Q| K¬v‡m wZwb †hgb wQ‡jb g‡bv‡hvMx, †Zgwb `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb QvÎ cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e| Avevi wkÿK‡ìI wZwb LyeB wcÖq QvÎ wQ‡jb| Gi‡`vqv‡bi wkí-ms¯‹…wZi BwZnvm wel‡qi wkÿK wQ‡jb †mgiv AvRvi| Gi‡`vqvb m¤^‡Ü Zuvi ¯§„wZPviYÑ ÔAvm‡j †m †bZv n‡qB R‡b¥wQj| Zvi A‡bK¸‡jv we‡kl ¸Y wQj| †hgb : †m K¬v‡mi mfvcwZ wQj (†kÖwY cÖwZwbwa)| mvwnZ¨ msm‡ìI mfvcwZ wQj| me mgq †Ljvayjv KiZ Ges †Ljvayjvq mdj n‡Zv| †`L‡ZI wQj my`k©b| Avm‡j Avjøvn Zv‡K wKQz ¸Y †X‡j w`‡q‡Qb| eÜz‡ì mv‡_ Zvi LyeB fv‡jv m¤úK© wQj, Avevi eo‡ì‡KI †m A‡bK m¤§vb KiZ| Avjøvni ïKwiqv, Avwg K¬v‡m cÖ‡e‡ki Av‡MB †m †kÖwYKÿ ˆZwi K‡i ivLZ| mwZ¨B Zvi g‡Zv QvÎ‡ì wb‡q H ¯‹z‡ji wZb eQi Avgvi Rxe‡bi †miv mgq|Õ3 *

ûRvg k‡ãi gv‡b ÔAvgv‡ì wkÿKÕ| Zzi‡¯‹ wkÿK‡ì ûRvg e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv nq, gmwR‡ì Bgvg‡ì‡KI ûRvg e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv nq| Bgvg nvwZe ¯‹zj ej‡Z g~jZ Zzi‡¯‹ ag©xq ¯‹zj¸‡jv‡K †evSvq| GB ¯‹zj¸‡jvi cvV¨m~wP Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †Rbv‡ij Z_v Avwjqv gvìvmv¸‡jvi g‡Zv|

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

Gi‡`vqvb cÖavbgš¿x wKsev †cÖwm‡W›U n‡qI Bgvg nvwZe ¯‹z‡ji †mB wkÿK‡ì K_v fz‡j hvbwb| 2017 mv‡ji 24 b‡f¤î wkÿK wè‡m †`qv †mB mvÿvrKv‡i †mgiv AvRvi RvbvbÔ2008 mv‡ji 11 GwcÖj †m Avgv‡ì wb‡q (Bgvg nvwZe ¯‹z‡ji wkÿK‡ì wb‡q) GK LvIqv-`vIqvi †cÖvMÖv‡gi (†MU Uz‡M`vi) Av‡qvRb K‡iwQj| †m Avgv‡ì cÖvq Pvi-cuvP NÈv mgq w`‡qwQj| †mw`b Avgiv A‡bK Mí (¯§„wZPviY) K‡iwQjvg| Avjøvni ïKwiqv, †m GL‡bv Avgv‡K wbqwgZ †dvb w`‡q Lei iv‡L| Avgvi ¯^v‡¯’ï Ae¯’v Rvb‡Z Pvq| Avjøvn Zv‡K me mgq fv‡jv ivLyb|Õ Bgvg nvwZe ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY †kl K‡i wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nIqvi D‡Ï‡k AwZwi³ wKQz wel‡q cov‡kvbv Kivi Rb¨ Gi‡`vqvb AvBqyë K‡j‡R fwZ© nb| †Kbbv, †m mgq Bgvg nvwZe K‡jR †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY cvk K‡i mivmwi wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nIqvi my‡hvM wQj bv| Bgvg nvwZe K‡jR †_‡K Øv`k †kªwY cvk K‡i Ges AwZwi³ welq¸‡jv‡Z cvV †bqv †kl K‡iB †Kej wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i Rb¨ Av‡e`b Kiv †hZ| 1973 mv‡j AwZwi³ mKj welq mdjZvi mv‡_ †kl K‡i Gi‡`vqvb wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿvq A_©bxwZ I eëmv wkÿv BÝwUwUD‡Ui Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| cieZ©x mg‡q hv gvigviv wek¦we`¨vj‡q iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Ges wek¦we`¨vj‡qi A_©bxwZ I cÖkvmwbK Abyl`‡K weÁvb Abyl` wn‡m‡e cwieZ©b Kiv nq| Gi‡`vqvb 1981 mvj ch©šÍ GLv‡b cov‡jLv †kl K‡i mdjZvi mv‡_ DËxY© nb| mKj cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq cÖ_g wZwb ïay K¬v‡mi Pvi †`qv‡ji g‡a¨B wZwb wkÿv Rxeb‡K mxgve× iv‡Lbwb| Zv‡K cÖvqB cvIqv †hZ mvs¯‹…wZK bvbvb Kg©Kv‡Ð, †Ljvayjvq Ges mvgvwRK Kvh©µ‡g| ¯‹z‡j KziAvb †ZjvIqvZ, AvRvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges KweZv Ave„wË‡Z Gi‡`vqvb wQ‡jb AcÖwZØ›Øx| †hb cÖ_g ¯’vbUv me mgq wZwb wb‡Ri Rb¨B K‡i wb‡qwQ‡jb| ïay ¯‹zj wKsev K‡j‡RB bq; 1973 mv‡j †ZiRygvb bvgK cwÎKvi Av‡qvR‡b KweZv Ave„wË‡Z cy‡iv Zzi‡¯‹ Gi‡`vqvb cÖ_g n‡qwQ‡jb| cieZ©x eQ‡i K‡jR †j‡f‡ji cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wZwb AveviI Zzi‡¯‹ cÖ_g nb|

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

nKvi I †dwiIqvjvi KvR Gi‡`vqv‡bi cwiev‡ii Avw_©K Ae¯’v Lye †ewk fv‡jv wQj bv| Gi gv‡S m`m¨ msL¨vI wQj A‡bK| Kx Kiv hvq? bv, †_‡g _vK‡j Pj‡e bv| QzwUi w`b¸‡jv‡Z wZwb evRv‡i †ewi‡q co‡Zb| wmwgU (Zzi‡¯‹ iv¯Ívq eûj wewµ cÖwm× iæwU), cvwb Ges †jey wewµ Ki‡Zb| GLvb †_‡K hv gybvdv AvmZ, Zv w`‡q cwievi‡K mnvqZvi cvkvcvwk ¯‹z‡ji †eZb cwi‡kva Ki‡Zb| e¨w³MZ cvVvMv‡ii RbÏ wZwb eB wKb‡Zb| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB Zuvi cvVvMv‡ii mL wQj| hvi d‡j K‡jR Rxe‡b cv ivLvi Av‡MB ˆZwi K‡i †d‡jb †gvUvgywU eomo GKwU e¨w³MZ cvVvMvi| Gi‡`vqv‡bi †QvU fvB †gv¯Ídv Gi‡`vqvb eo fvB‡qi QvÎRxe‡bi ¯§„wZ D‡jøL K‡i e‡jbÔ†mi‡`b‡MPwZ*, †bwRe dvwRj*, AvwKd‡ì* Kve¨MÖš’ wKsev eB¸‡jv fvB‡qi cvVvMvi †_‡KB c‡owQjvg| Gi cvkvcvwk ivwkqvb K¬¨vwmK¨vj eB Ges Uj÷‡qi eB¸‡jv GLvb †_‡KB c‡owQjvg|Õ4 Gi‡`vqv‡bi mncvVx Avãyi ingvb †mb Gi‡`vqvb m¤ú‡K© ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q e‡jbÑ ÔGi‡`vqv‡bi KvQ †_‡K GKwU eB wb‡qwQjvg| eB‡qi cÖ_g c„ôv I †kl c„ôvq Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb cvVvMvi, eB µ‡qi ZvwiL Ges eB b¤î †jLv GKwU wmj‡gvni †`Ljvg| wR‡Ám Kijvg, GUv Kx? Gi‡`vqvb ejj, eB‡qi msL¨v evovi Kvi‡Y msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ GUv evwb‡qwQ|Õ5 †ckvRxex dzUejvi dzUejB Zuvi me‡P‡q †ewk wcÖq wQj| ¯‹zj Rxeb †_‡KB wZwb dzUej gv‡Vi †miv †L‡jvqvo wQ‡jb| gnjøvi dzUej wU‡g †Ljvi gva¨‡gB nv‡ZLwo| 14 eQi eq‡m KvwQgcvkv Rvwgqvwë µxov K¬v‡ei m`m¨ wn‡m‡e wZwb †ek bvgKiv dzUejv‡i cwiYZ nb|

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

Rvwgqvwë µxov K¬v‡e mvZ eQi †L‡j‡Qb| Rvwgqvwë †_‡K B¯Ívš^y‡ji Ab¨Zg cÖwm× wUg AvBBwUwUi dzUej wU‡g `xN©w`b †L‡j‡Qb| AvBwUwU‡ZB Dbvi cÖ‡dkbvj dzUej †Ljv ïiæ nq| †hUv‡K Zuvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g PvKwiI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| AvBBwUwUi K‡qKwU g¨v‡Pi K¨v‡Þb wn‡m‡eI wZwb `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| cieZ©x mg‡q dzUej gv‡V Zvi µxov‰kjx‡Z gy» n‡q B¯Ívš^yj hye dzUej K¬ve Zv‡K Avgš¿Y Rvbvq| GK ch©v‡q wZwb RvZxq hye dzUej K¬v‡eI †L‡jvqvo wn‡m‡e wbewÜZ nIqvi my‡hvM cvb| wKš‘ AwffveK wn‡m‡e wcZvi ¯^vÿi eva¨Zvg~jK nIqvq wecwË‡Z c‡ob Gi‡`vqvb| Zvi evev Avng` Gi‡`vqvb ¯úóB Rvwb‡q †`b †h, wZwb Zv‡K cov‡jLv Kwi‡q eo Ki‡Z Pvb, †L‡jvqvo wn‡m‡e bq| Gici wZwb Zzi‡¯‹i Ab¨Zg cÖwm× dzUej K¬ve Gm‡Kwkwni I †dbvievn‡P dzUej K¬ve †_‡K Avgš¿Y †c‡jI evevi A¯^xK…wZi Kvi‡Y Avi †Lj‡Z cv‡ibwb| ZrKvjxb †dbvievn‡P dzUej K¬v‡ei Ab¨Zg wbe©vPK wQ‡jb wiÌqvb IRw`b, wZwb †mB ¯§„wZ D‡jøL K‡i e‡jbÔAvgiv Zv‡K Avgv‡ì `‡ji Rb¨ wPšÍv K‡iwQjvg| wKš‘ Zuvi evev Lye KwVbfv‡e Zv‡K wb‡la Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb, Ô†m dzUej †Q‡o w`K, cov‡jLv KiæK|Õ6 ivRbxwZ‡Z nv‡ZLwo ¯‹zj Rxe‡b Zzi‡¯‹i BmjvgwcÖq QvÎ‡ì msMVb wgwjø ZzK© Zv‡j‡e weiwjwq‡Z (GgwUwUwe) mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g QvÎ msMV‡b Gi‡`vqv‡bi nv‡ZLwo| GgwUwUwei †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv‡Z wZwb wbqwgZ Ask †bqv ïiæ K‡ib, we‡kl K‡i KziAvb K¬vm¸‡jv‡Z| †ek g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ wZwb K¬vm¸‡jvi gWv‡iUi‡ì e³e¨ ïb‡Zb| cieZ©x mg‡q gva¨wgK kvLvi `vwqZ¡I cvjb K‡i‡Qb| GgwUwUwe ZLb QvÎmgv‡R KwgDwbRg we‡ivax GK wecø‡ei WvK w`‡qwQj| Gi‡`vqvb Zvi ¯‹z‡ji mncvVx, eÜz‡ì‡KI GLv‡b mwµq K‡ib| Zvi GjvKv‡K GgwUwUwei NuvwU‡Z cwiYZ K‡ib| Gici Zzi‡¯‹i Bmjvwg Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg wmcvnmvjvi W. bvRgywÏb GievKvb cÖwZwôZ wgwjø ¸iæm Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_‡g wgwjø wbRvg cvwU© cieZ©xKv‡j wgwjø mvjvgZ cvwU©i hye msMV‡b mwµq nb| cieZ©x mg‡q 1976 mv‡j wZwb wgwjø mvjvgZ cvwU©i †eBqy¨jy hye kvLvi mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| cÖwZwU gnjøvq, wkÿv cÖwZôv¸‡jvi QvÎ I hyeK‡ì‡K msMV‡b AšÍfz©³ Kivi Rb¨ wZwb `vIqvwZ KvR e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× K‡ib|

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

cieZ©xKv‡j msMV‡bi B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZ wbhy³ nb| B¯Ívš^y‡ji mfvcwZ nIqvi ci B¯Ívš^y‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© me¸‡jv †Rjv‡Z msMVb cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ wZwb mvsMVwbK ZrciZv e„w× K‡ib| H mg‡q eÜzi g‡Zv Gi‡`vqv‡bi cv‡k wQ‡jb Bm‡gZ AvZvP| wZwb †mB mgq¸‡jvi ¯§„wZPviY K‡i e‡jbÔhye msMV‡bi g~j `vwqZ¡ (mfvcwZ) †`qvi ci †m Avm‡j Lye fv‡jvfv‡eB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q| †m †hgb dzUej †LjZ, cov‡kvbv KiZ, †Zgwb mvsMVwbK Kv‡RI LyeB fv‡jvfv‡e `‡ji Rb¨ eo †L`gZ K‡i‡Q| `‡ji Rb¨ †m Avm‡jB wekvj †L`gZ K‡iwQj| Zv eY©bv K‡i †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| †m LyeB Av‡eM wb‡q KvR KiZ| AvgivI `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZvg| wKš‘ Avgiv Zuvi †P‡q †QvU `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZvg| hw`I Avwg Zuvi †P‡q Pvi eQ‡ii eo wQjvg, wKš‘ hyeK eq‡mi Af¨vm Abyhvqx GKUz NyivNywi KiZvg| wKš‘ †m mvsMVwbK Kv‡R †`ŠovZ, mdi KiZ, wmwiqvmwj `vwqZ¡ cvjb KiZ| Avm‡j Zuvi Ae`v‡bi K_v e‡j †kl Kiv hv‡e bv| Zuvi KvR¸‡jv GL‡bv Avgvi †Pv‡L fv‡m|Õ7 1980 mv‡ji mvgwiK Afz¨Ìv‡bi d‡j cvwU© wbwl× nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZi `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| Kg©Rxeb 1980 mv‡ji 12 †m‡Þ¤^i Zzi‡¯‹ †mbvevwnbx Kz¨ K‡i ÿgZvmxb miKvi‡K c`Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i| ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ wbwl× K‡i| Gw`‡K Gi‡`vqv‡bi cov‡kvbvI Gi g‡a¨ †kl nq| †hvM †`b PvKwi‡Z| †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi civgk©K I Kg©KZ©v wn‡m‡e, wZwb †ek K‡qK eQi PvKwi K‡ib| we‡q Gi‡`vqv‡bi eqm ZLb 23 eQi| hye msMV‡b B¯Ívš^y‡ji mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb `yišÍ GK msMVK| A‡bK KvR, A‡bK ¯^cœ, A‡bK cwiKíbv| wKš‘ GiB g‡a¨ gv_vq Gj, we‡qUvB †Zv Kiv nqwb! †hB fvev, †mB KvR|

cÖv_wgK Rxeb

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cÖv_wgK Rxeb

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AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

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AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

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AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

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AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

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AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

`ye©j †mB Dmgvwb mvgªv‡Rï weiæ‡× GZ¸‡jv kw³kvjx †`‡ki GB hy×B Zzi‡¯‹i ¯^vaxbZv hy× wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| †mB hy× †bZ…Z¡ †`b Dmgvwb †mbv Kg©KZ©v I cieZ©x mg‡q AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ¯’cwZ †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj AvZvZzK|© cÖvq K‡qK eQi Pjv †mB hy‡× Zzi‡¯‹i HwZnvwmK R‡qi ci cwi‡k‡l jyRvb Pzw³i (1923 mv‡ji 24 RyjvB) gva¨‡g mgvß nq Ges AvR‡Ki mxgvbvq AvaywbK Zzi¯‹ cÖwZwôZ nq| †Ljvd‡Zi wejywß I Zzi¯‹ cÖRvZš¿ †NvlYv 29 A‡±vei, 1923 mv‡j Zzi¯‹ cÖRvZš¿ †NvlYv Kiv nq| MvwR †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj Zzi‡¯‹i cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U Ges Bm‡gZ (Bbyby) cÖ_g fvBm †cÖwm‡W›U nb| Gi gv‡S 1922 mv‡ji 1 b‡f¤î Dmgvwb wLjvdZ‡K wejyß †NvlYv Kiv nq| 1923 mv‡j Zzi¯‹ hLb cÖRvZš¿ wn‡m‡e †NvwlZ nq, †m mg‡q Zzi‡¯‹i Ae¯’v m¤ú‡K© wKQz K_v Rvbv ìKvi| cÖ_‡g evjKvb hy× I c‡i cÖ_g wek¦hy‡× Dmgvwb wLjvdZ gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq| nvRvi nvRvi wbnZ I AvnZ‡ì fvi Zv‡ì‡K enb Ki‡Z nw”Qj| Gi gv‡S ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× Avevi †MvUv BD‡ivc Z_v cwðgv wek¦‡K †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z nq| hvi d‡j 1923 mv‡j G‡m †MvUv †`kB GKwU aŸsm¯‘c Ges g„Zz¨cyix‡Z iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡qwQj| m¤¢eZ Ggb evwo cvIqv LyeB `yt¯‹i wQj, †hLv‡b `y-GKRb Rb kwn` wQj bv| GK`jxq miKv‡ii kvmbvg‡j Zzi¯‹ (1920-50) cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci weaŸ¯Í †mB Dmgvwb wLjvd‡Zi mv‡_ A‡bKUv we‡`ªvn K‡iB †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj KvR ïiæ K‡iwQj| Zvi K_vq wQj H‡Kï myi| Bmjvg‡K iÿvi AvIqvR| AvbvZwjqv AÂj‡K cybiæ×v‡ii `xß kc_| ZvB Zvi WvKv Ks‡MÖm¸‡jv‡Z RbMY e¨vcK mvov †`q| Zviv †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj‡K bZzb Lwjdv wn‡m‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z _v‡K, †h wKbv Zv‡ì‡K †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q GB `ytmn Ae¯’v †_‡K cwiÎvY w`‡e| 1920 mv‡ji 23 gv‡P©i msm` ïiæi gva¨‡g †gv¯Ídv Kvgv‡ji †bZ…‡Z¡i AvbyôvwbK ¯^xK…wZi †mB ïiæUv Kxfv‡e n‡qwQj Zv hw` eY©bv Kwi, Zvn‡j ZLbKvi mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡bvfve wKsev †gv¯Ídv Kvgv‡ji RbMY‡K †`qv †g‡mR¸‡jv eyS‡Z myweav n‡e|

AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

G e¨vcv‡i GK e³‡e¨ Gi‡`vqvb Gfv‡eB eY©bv K‡ib-1 ÔAvwg Avcbv‡ì‡K 1921 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj msm` Pvjy Kivi e¨vcv‡i MvwR †gv¯Ídv Kvgv‡ji †UwjMÖvdwU mswÿßvKv‡i c‡o †kvbve| GwU A‡bK A_©eûj (†UwjMÖvdwU)| GB †UwjMÖvdwU Avcbv‡ì Ges wcÖq RvwZ‡K g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i †kvbvi Rb¨ webxZ Aby‡iva KiwQ| MvwR †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj 1921 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj †UwjMÖv‡d Gfv‡e e‡jwQ‡jb (mvigg© AvKv‡i ejwQ): ÔAvbKviv, LyeB Riæwi (evZ©v), 1921 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj, Avjøvni mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q GwcÖ‡ji 23 ZvwiL, ïµevi Rygvi bvgv‡Ri ci AvbKvivq MÖvÛ b¨vkbvj G‡m¤^wj †Lvjv n‡e| †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, gh©v`v, †LjvdZ‡K mgybœZ Kiv, myjZv‡bi ivRZ¡ a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© GB cvj©v‡g›U Rygvi w`‡b H w`‡bi gh©v`v‡K aviY K‡iB Pvjy n‡e| mKj Ggwc‡ì wb‡q nvwR evBivg †fwj (AvbKvivi weL¨vZ gmwR`) Rv‡g gmwR‡` Rygvi bvgvR Av`vq K‡i KziAv‡bi b~i Ges bvgv‡Ri gva¨‡g kw³ AR©b Kiv n‡e| bvgv‡Ri ci ivm~j (mv.)-Gi cweÎ `vwo †gveviK Ges wb`k©b¸‡jv (†h¸‡jv GLb B¯Ívš^y‡ji hv`yN‡i msiwÿZ) wb‡q G‡m msm‡ì Awa‡ekb K‡ÿ wb‡q hvIqv n‡e| Awa‡ekb K‡ÿ XzKvi Av‡M GKwU †`vqv c‡o ILv‡b cï Kzievwb Kiv n‡e (A_©vr Avjøvni mš‘wói Rb¨ cï R‡en Kiv n‡e)| AvR‡K †_‡K (23 GwcÖ‡ji w`bwU‡K gh©v`vc~Y© Kivi Rb¨) cÖ‡`‡ki †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z m¤§vwbZ Iqvwj (Mfb©iiv) mv‡ne‡ì Av‡qvR‡b LZg cov‡eb Ges eyLvwi kwid cov ïiæ Ki‡eb| LZ‡gi †kl Ask Rygv bvgv‡Ri ci msm‡ì Awa‡ek‡bi ¯’v‡b c‡o †kl Ki‡eb| msm` Awa‡ek‡bi ïiæi Rb¨ Rygv bvgv‡Ri c~‡e© me RvqMvq wgjv` cov n‡e Ges Avjøvni Kv‡Q mvnvh¨ †P‡q †`vqv Kiv n‡e| KwgwUi c‡ÿ, †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj|Õ

AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

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AvaywbK Zzi‡¯‹i ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm

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Zzi‡¯‹ Bmjvwg Av‡›`vj‡bi cø¨vUdg© : wgwjø ¸iæm cÖ‡dmi W. bvRgywÏb GievKvb LyeB †gavex GKRb BwÄwbqvi I wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wkÿK wQ‡jb| lv‡Ui `k‡K Zzi‡¯‹ ¯’vbxqfv‡e Mvwo Drcv`‡b KvR ïiæ Kivi gva¨‡g ch©vqµ‡g wZwb mdj D‡`¨v³vq cwiYZ nb| ¯’vbxq Mvwo ˆZwi‡Z bvbv cÖwZeÜKZv Zv‡K cÖ_‡g eëmvqx msMV‡b m‡e©v”P c‡` Ges ivRbxwZ‡Z Avm‡Z Drmvn †`q| hvi avivevwnKZvq Zzi‡¯‹ eëmvqx‡ì †P¤^v‡m©i mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| 1969 mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b Av`vjZ cvwU© †_‡K cÖ_‡g g‡bvbqb †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Av`vjZ cvwU©i †Pqvig¨vb †mv‡jgvb †`wg‡ij Zv‡K g‡bvbqb †`qwb| cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb †Kvwbqv kni †_‡K ¯^Zš¿ msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| Gi gv‡S Zzi‡¯‹i Av‡jg I Bmjvwg wPšÍvwe`‡ì wb‡q Zzi‡¯‹ Bmjvwg Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g AivR‰bwZK cø¨vUdg© wgwjø ¸iæm cÖwZôv K‡ib| Gici wgwjø ¸iæ‡mi cÖ_g ivR‰bwZK `j wn‡m‡e 1970 mv‡ji 17 Rvbyqvwi wgwjø wbRvg cvwU© MVb K‡ib| †mbv †g‡gv‡iÛv‡g ag©wbi‡cÿZvev‡ì we‡ivax nIqvq 1970 mv‡ji 12 gvP© wgwjø wbRvg cvwU©‡K wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv nq| 1972 mv‡ji 11 A‡±vei wgwjø †mjvgZ cvwU© MVb K‡ib| 1980 mv‡ji †mbv Kz¨ Gw`‡K †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZ µ‡gB Lviv‡ci w`‡K hvw”Qj| GgZve¯’vq 1980 mv‡ji 12 †m‡Þ¤î †fvi 4.30-G mvgwiK evwnbxi cÿ †_‡K †`‡k †mbvkvmb Rvwi Kiv nq| Zzi¯‹ Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv †mbvkvm‡b cÖ‡ek K‡i| mKj ivR‰bwZK `j wbwl× †NvlYv K‡i| cy‡iv †`‡k KviwdD Rvwi Kiv nq| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì we‡kl K‡i cvwU© cÖavb I †K›`ªxq †bZv‡ì MYnv‡i †MÖßvi Kiv nq| ¯’vbxq miKvi cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi cÖavb we‡kl K‡i wgDwbwmcvwjwUi †gqi I wgDwbwmcvwjwU cvj©v‡g‡›Ui m`m¨‡ì‡K `vwqZ¡ †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ †`qv nq| G‡Z K‡i †K›`ª I ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii mKj ch©v‡q mvgwiK evwnbxi GK”QÎ cÖfve m„wó nq| 14 †m‡Þ¤î †mbvevwnbx cÖavb †Rbv‡ij †Kbvb Bf‡ib‡K †`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U wn‡m‡e †NvlYv K‡i RvZxq wbivcËv cwil`‡K cy‡ivcywi mvgwiK evwnbxi wbqš¿‡Y †bqv nq| GK mßvn ci AemicÖvß mvgwiK Kg©KZ©v ey‡j›U Djymyi †bZ…‡Z¡ 27 m`mï gwš¿mfv MwVZ nq, hv‡ì AwaKvskB mvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨ wQ‡jb|

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

B¯Ívš^y‡j mvsMVwbK gReywZ †cŠimfv¸‡jvi wbe©vP‡bi ci Gi‡`vqvb Avevi `‡ji mvsMVwbK gReywZi w`‡K bRi †`b| `‡j MwZkxjZv wb‡q Avm‡Z `jxq KvDwÝj Avnevb K‡ib| bZzb bZzb †jvK‡ì‡K †Rjv KwgwU I cÖ‡`k KwgwU‡Z DwV‡q Av‡bb| msMVb‡K mK‡ji Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡Z bvbv A½ I mn‡hvMx msMVb Z_v †ckvRxex‡ì †ek K‡qKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| bvbv †ckvi kÖwgK‡ì wb‡q Avjv`v Avjv`v Kg©Rxex Kwgkb (kÖwgK msMVb), wkÿK Kwgkb, ¯’vbxq miKvi Kwgkb BZ¨vw` MVb K‡ib| me wgwj‡q †idv cvwU©‡K GKwU WvqbvwgK msMV‡b cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ m‡e©v”P kw³ w`‡q `j †MvQv‡Z _v‡Kb| `j †MvQv‡bvi cvkvcvwk Zvi Av‡iKwU †gŠwjK KvR wQj, `‡j gwnjv I hyeK‡ì AskMÖnY evov‡bvi e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ| we‡kl K‡i cvwU©‡Z Avjv`v K‡i gwnjv wefvM †Lvjvi e¨vcv‡iI wZwb wm×všÍ †bb| Gi‡`vqv‡bi GB wm×všÍ wb‡q †K›`ª I gvV ch©v‡q ïiæ‡Z †ek weZK© wQj| wKš‘ wZwb GB wm×všÍ ev¯Íevq‡b wcQz n‡Ubwb| Gi‡`vqv‡bi GB Kvh©µg‡K KvQ †_‡K †`‡L‡Qb Ggb GKRb n‡”Qb †jwLKv wm‡ej GivQjvb| 1989 mv‡j B¯Ívš^yj BDwbf©vwmwUi AvBb wefvM †_‡K MÖvRy‡qkb m¤úbœ Kiv wm‡ej GivQjvb Gi‡`vqv‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq †idv cvwU©i B¯Ívš^yj kvLvq gwnjv wefvM †Lvjvi cÖ¯‘wZg~jK Kv‡R hy³ nb Ges cieZ©x `xN© mgq †idv cvwU©i B¯Ívš^yj kvLvi gwnjv wefv‡Mi mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| wm‡ej GivQjvb B¯Ívš^y‡j gwnjv wefv‡Mi KvR Kxfv‡e ïiæ Ki‡jb Zvi GKwU eY©bv Gfv‡e w`‡q‡QbÔZvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb‡K 1987-88 wkÿve‡l© B¯Ívš^yj BDwbf©vwmwUi AvBb Abyl‡ì †kl e‡l©i QvÎx _vKvKvjxb †_‡KB wPwb| H mg‡q AvBb Abyl‡ì QvÎiv Ô†ZKwjdÕ bv‡g GKwU g¨vMvwRb †ei KiZ| H g¨vMvwR‡bi Dcm¤úv`Kxq‡Z GKgvÎ †g‡q wn‡m‡e ¯’vbxq miKvi wbe©vPb wb‡q wjLvi `vwqZ¡ †cjvg| Avi Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb ZLb †eBqy¨jy †cŠimfvi wbe©vP‡b †gqi c‡` cÖwZØw›ØZv Ki‡Qb| Ab¨‡ì †_‡K wfbœ wbe©vPbx †KŠkj wn‡m‡e hyeK‡ì mv‡_ gZwewbgq I QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì gva¨‡g Rwic Kvh©µg me wg‡j H mg‡qi AvaywbK I bZzb GK c×wZi gva¨‡g wbe©vPbx KvR we‡klfv‡e Avgvi bR‡i G‡mwQj| hwÌ djvdjUv Avkvbyiƒc nqwb| wKš‘ Gi‡`vqvb Zvi wbR¯^ wPšÍv, wek¦vm I Av`k©‡K mvg‡b †i‡L hyeK‡ì †ewk mwµq Kivi gva¨‡g bZzb K‡i cÖ‡`k‡K mvRv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

Gi‡`vqv‡bi ¯¿x Gwg‡b nvwbg, KvwQgcvkvi evwo¸‡jv‡Z BDwbf©vwmwU‡Z co–qv †g‡q‡ì‡K cÖvqkB Zvi evmvq `vIqvZ w`‡Zb| we‡kl K‡i igRv‡bi BdZvwi‡Z evmv fwZ© †g‡q‡ì mv‡_ gZwewbgq K‡i Zv‡ì mgm¨v¸‡jv wKsev `ytL-Kó ïb‡Zb| c‡i ¯^vgx-¯¿x wg‡j H mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvav‡b GKwU GKwU K‡i KvR Ki‡Zb| KL‡bvB fzje bv, GKw`b gvigviv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi A_©bxwZ‡Z co–qv GK †evb‡K dvwZn‡Z AbywôZ GK BdZvi gvnwd‡j wb‡q wM‡qwQjvg| †cÖvMÖv‡gi e³v wQ‡jb Gi‡`vqvb mv‡ne| Dwb e³e¨ ïiæ Ki‡ZB H †evbwU A‡Sv‡i Kuv`‡Z jvM‡j †ek Avðh©vwš^Z njvg| (Gi‡`vqvb) †`‡ki A_©bxwZ wb‡q e³e¨ w`‡jI K_v wQj! (wKš‘ Gi‡`vqvb †Zv mvaviY wKQz wel‡q K_v e‡j‡Qb| c‡i Zv‡K Kx n‡q‡Q wR‡Ám Ki‡ZB DËi w`j: ÔGfv‡e PgrKvi K‡É Ges AšÍi †_‡K Kiv e³e¨ †Kv‡bv w`b †Kv‡bv wkÿK wKsev Ab¨ KviI KvQ †_‡K ïwbwb|Õ Avm‡j Gi‡`vqv‡bi e³e¨ †kvbvi c~‡e© gv_vq we‡ivax (ivR‰bwZK Av`‡k©i we‡ivwaZv) wPšÍvq c~Y© _vK‡jI GKevi Zuvi K_v (e³e¨) mivmwi ïb‡j AšÍ‡i Zv‡K RvqMv K‡i wbZ, Ggb A‡bK NUbvi mvÿx Avwg wb‡RB| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cixÿv †k‡l 1989 mv‡j †idv cvwU©i B¯Ívš^yj kvLvi Kvh©vjq †_‡K Pv‡qi `vIqvZ †cjvg| †bKve covi Kvi‡Y PvKwiI KiZvg bv, ZvB †ek wd« UvBg wQj| Pv‡qi Avgš¿‡Y Pv ce© †k‡l B¯Ívš^y‡j gwnjv wefv‡Mi Kvh©µg ïiæi gva¨‡g wdijvg| Avi H mg‡q wgwjø ¸iæm Av‡›`vj‡b gwnjv‡ì mivmwi KvR KivUv gvbvbmB †Kv‡bv e¨vcvi wQj bv| evnwi †Rw½b I Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb cÖ¯ÍvweZ cÖ‡R‡± gwnjv‡ì Avjv`v msMVb (gwnjv wefvM) Kivi cwiKíbv KiwQ‡jb| wek¦we`¨vj‡q co–qv †g‡qiv, evmv evwo †_‡K †ei n‡Z Af¨¯Í bq, Ggb wKQz gwnjv‡ì‡K Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z cvi‡j KvR ïiæ Kiv †hZ... GKw`‡K B¯Ívš^y‡ji Ab¨w`‡K cy‡iv Zzi‡¯‹i gwnjv‡ì wb‡q mvsMVwbK KvR ïiæ nIqvi cÖwµqvq KiYxq KvR ïiæ K‡iwQjvg| 1989 mv‡j B¯Ívš^y‡j Gi‡`vqv‡bi ïiæ Kiv gwnjv‡ì wb‡q GB Kvh©µg cy‡iv †`‡k Qwo‡q coj| hv 1994 mv‡ji ¯’vbxq miKvi wbe©vP‡b GK †fvU wecø‡e iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡jv|

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

Avi GB Kv‡Ri cy‡iv K…wZZ¡ Gi‡`vqvb‡K w`‡Z n‡e| me mgq wZwb Lei wb‡Zb Ges Kv‡Ri AMÖMwZ wb‡q cÖwZ‡e`b PvB‡Zb| 1994 mvj ch©šÍ cÖwZ mÜ¨vq cÖwZw`‡bi Kv‡Ri e¨vcv‡i †LuvRLei I cÖwZ‡e`b †bqvi KvR Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| Gici (wmwU K‡c©v‡ik‡bi †gqi nIqvi ci) Gfv‡e †LuvR wb‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb wKbv Zv wVK ej‡Z cvie bv| Qwe‡K (Qwe msiÿY‡K) ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Zb| wkïKvj, wK‡kviKvj, we‡q, AvZ¥xq¯^Rb I gnjøvi eÜz‡ì mv‡_ †Zvjv Qwe¸‡jv 1994 mvj ch©šÍ wbqwgZB mh‡Zœ msiÿY Ki‡Zb Ges G¸‡jvi †cQ‡b †QvU †QvU †bvU wj‡L ivL‡Zb| †ek eo GKwU jvB‡eªwi wQj| A‡bK †ewk covi my‡hvM bv nIqvi w`b¸‡jv‡ZI covi Af¨vm a‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| hyeK‡ì RbwcÖq Aa¨q‡bi welq¸‡jv co‡Zb Ges †LuvRLei ivL‡Zb (A_©vr hyeKiv KLb Kx co‡Q)| bvwRc dvwRj, †gn‡g` AvwK‡di †jLv Lye cQ›` Ki‡Zb| cQ›`K…Z K¬¨vwmK I my‡ijv KweZv¸‡jv Ave„wË Ki‡Zb| Avgv‡K cÖ_g †h eBwU co‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb, Zv wQj Ôbwe (mv.)-Gi e³…Zv †`qvi †KŠkjmsµvšÍ|Õ GKw`b Avgv‡K ej‡jb, ÔGKmgq Avgiv GB kni Ges GB †`k kvmb Kie|Õ Avwg Dbvi K_vi cÖwZwµqvq mv‡_ mv‡_ MÖnY bv K‡i Avðh© n‡q wRÁvmv Kijvg, Ôm¤¢e Kx!Õ Dwb ej‡jb, m¤¢e m¤¢e, †Zvgiv ìRvq ìRvq (N‡i N‡i) †cuŠ‡Q KvR Pvwj‡q hvI| hyeK I gwnjv‡ì me mgq ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Zb| Kbdv‡i‡Ý gwnjviv Zvi K_v¸‡jv‡K wØZxq Zjvq e‡m ïbZ| Gi‡`vqv‡bi B¯Ívš^yj kvLvi mfvcwZi mg‡q cÖ‡`‡ki (me¸‡jv) 32wU †Rjvq gwnjv wefv‡Mi KwgwU MwVZ n‡qwQj| Gi‡`vqvb cÖwZwU †Rjvi gwnjv wefv‡Mi mfvcwZ‡K bv‡g bv‡g (fv‡jvfv‡e) wPb‡Zb| gwnjv wefv‡Mi Kvh©Kix wgwUs‡q Ask wb‡Zb, e³e¨ †`qvi mgq †Rjvi bvg a‡i a‡i †Rjvi mgm¨v¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Ki‡Zb Ges Reve PvB‡Zb| H mgq B¯Ívš^y‡ji 863wU gnjøvi g‡a¨ 805wU‡Z msMVb cÖwZôv Kiv n‡qwQj| 1825wU †fvU †K‡›`ªi 1587wU †fvU †K‡›`ª gwnjv wefv‡Mi msMVb cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj|Õ6

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

1991 Gi mvaviY wbe©vPb I Ggwc Gi‡`vqvb 1991 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K miKvi mvaviY wbe©vPb GwM‡q wb‡q Av‡m| †eBqy¨jy I evBivgcvkv wbe©vP‡bi ci GB wbe©vPbwU †idv cvwU©i B¯Ívš^yj kvLvi Rb¨ Avjv`v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj| ¯^fveZB B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡k mvaviY wbe©vP‡b fv‡jv djvd‡ji e¨vcv‡i Avkvev`x wQj cÖ‡`k †bZ…e„›`| wKš‘ †K›`ª †_‡K nVvrB AviI †QvU `ywU `‡ji mv‡_ †Kvqvwjkb Kiv nq| B¯Ívš^y‡ji †bZ…e„›` †ek nZvk n‡jb| Gi eo GKwU KviY wQj †Kvqvwjkb Kiv wb‡q †K›`ª ¯’vbxq †bZ…e„‡›ì mv‡_ †Kv‡bv civgk© K‡ibwb| †K‡›`ªi e³e¨ wQj e¨v‡iR wm‡÷‡gi Kvi‡Y 10%-Gi Kg †fvU †c‡j msm‡` Avmb cvIqv hv‡e bv, ZvB †Kvqvwjkb Kiv| wKš‘ B¯Ívš^y‡ji †bZ…e„‡›ì e³e¨ wQj †idv cvwU© Gevi Aek¨B 10%-Gi Dc‡i †fvU cv‡e| cvkvcvwk RbgZ Rwi‡c Zzi‡¯‹i 7wU AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ 2wU AÂj Z_v ga¨ Avbv`yjy Ges Kviv‡`wbR AÂ‡j †idv cvwU©B GwM‡q wQj| myZivs eySvB hvw”Qj GB †Kvqvwjkb A_©nxb Ges †idv cvwU©i Rb¨ fv‡jv †Kv‡bv dj Avb‡e bv| eis msm‡` cvwU© †_‡K Ggwc msL¨v Kg‡e| hv‡nvK, wbe©vPb n‡jv| Zzi‡¯‹i msm` wbe©vP‡b RbMY e¨w³‡K bq, `j‡K †fvU †`q| Avi cvwU© wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M cÖ‡`kwfwËK (B¯Ívš^yj, AvbKviv I BRwgi kn‡i GKvwaK cÖ‡`k/AÂj wn‡m‡e) Ggwc‡ì ZvwjKv cÖKvk K‡i| GKwU cvwU© hZ cvi‡m›U †fvU cvq, †mB Abymv‡i ZZRb Ggwc Zv‡ì `j †_‡K wbe©vwPZ nq| wbe©vP‡b Gi‡`vqvb wQ‡jb B¯Ívš^yj-6-Gi Ggwc ZvwjKvi GK b¤^‡i| Avi GB cÖ‡`‡ki GB MÖæ‡c †idv cvwU© hZ cwigvY †fvU cvq Zv‡Z GKRb GgwcB wbe©vwPZ nIqvi K_v| ZvB ¯^fveZB Gi‡`vqvb Ggwc wbe©vwPZ n‡jb Ges 10 w`b cvi Ki‡jb! wKš‘ †eu‡K e‡m ZvwjKvq wØZxq ¯’v‡b _vKv †gv¯Ídv evm bv‡g †idv cvwU©iB Av‡iKRb| Dwb ej‡jb, GUv Avgvi GjvKv AvwgB GLvb †_‡K †ewk †fvU cvIqvi K_v| hv‡nvK, cieZ©xKv‡j wbe©vPb Kwgk‡b Avwc‡j †gv¯Ídv evmB Ggwc wbe©vwPZ nb| GUv wQj Gi‡`vqv‡bi Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv wbe©vP‡b Rqx bv nIqvi NUbv| cÖ_gUv wQj 1986 mv‡ji Dcwbe©vP‡b †hUv wQj Zvi Rxe‡bi cÖ_g wbe©vPb| Avi ZLb †idv cvwU©i H GjvKvq †fvU wQj wbZvšÍB Kg, ZvB wZwb civwRZ nb| wØZxqwU wQj †eBqy¨jy †cŠimfv wbe©vP‡b †hUvi weeiY c~‡e© w`‡qwQ Ges me©‡klwU 1991-Gi msm` wbe©vPb| wKš‘ Gici †_‡K †Kv‡bv wbe©vP‡b Gi‡`vqvb civwRZ nbwb|

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

1993-G B¯Ívš^yj kvLv †idv cvwU© Gi‡`vqvb B¯Ívš^yj kvLvi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb 1985 mv‡j| mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e Zvi cwiKíbvwfwËK Kv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e GZ w`‡b B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki me¸‡jv †Rjvq msMVb GK cwic~Y© iƒc †c‡q‡Q| mKj ¯Í‡i msMV‡bi Kvh©µg e„w× †c‡q‡Q| PvKwiRxex, kÖwgK, w`bgRyi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i eëmvqx, wkícwZ, wkÿK, M‡elK, mvwnwZ¨K, mvsevw`Kmn mKj †ckvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q †idv cvwU©i `vIqvZ †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb| B¯Ívš^yj kvLv GLb †idv cvwU©i g‡Wj kvLv Z_v ÔB¯Ívš^yj g‡Wj|Õ Gi‡`vqv‡bi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi mgq¸‡jv‡Z cÖ‡`k KwgwUi wgwUs¸‡jv n‡Zv A‡bKUv †mwgbv‡ii g‡Zv| ïay `‡ji G‡RÛvB bq eis †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv‡Z B¯Ívš^yj I Zzi‡¯‹i bvbv mgm¨v mgvav‡bI Kvh©Kix Av‡jvPbv n‡Zv| wgwUs¸‡jv †ek PgrKvi cwi‡e‡k AbywôZ n‡Zv| B¯Ívš^y‡ji mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e Gi‡`vqv‡bi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi GB mgq¸‡jv wb‡q, Ibvi bvbv †cÖvMÖv‡g wKQz ¯§„wZPviYg~jK e³e¨ i‡q‡Q| Gi GKwU Avwg eY©bv Ki‡Z PvB| GK †cÖvMÖv‡g Dwb ej‡Qb1985 mv‡j Avgv‡K B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZ Kiv n‡jv| ZLb B¯Ívš^y‡ji 19wU †Rjvi g‡a¨ gvÎ 8wU †Rjvq Avgv‡ì msMVb wQj, evwK 11wU †Rjvq Avgv‡ì msMVb wQj bv| wek¦vm Kiæb cÖ‡`‡ki Kvh©vjq wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi g‡Zv †Kv‡bv febI Avgv‡ì wQj bv| †eBqy¨jy †Rjvi Kvh©vj‡qi GKcv‡k Avgv‡ì cÖ‡`k Kvh©vj‡qi RvqMv †`qv n‡qwQj| Zvic‡iI 1 jÿ 25 nvRvi wjiv fvov w`‡Z n‡Zv, hv †`qv †gv‡UB m¤¢e wQj bv| mnKg©x‡ì mv‡_ wb‡q hLb KviI Kv‡Q †hZvg, ZLb LyeB nZvk nZvg| hvi evwo‡ZB †hZvg, †mB Acgvb KiZ| ejZ †h, †Zvgv‡ì wK kig †bB? †Zvgiv wK wei³ nI bv? AvbvfvZvb cvwU© †Zv Av‡Q, †Zvgiv †Kb Ggb KiQ? GB Av‡›`vj‡b (Wvbcš’x A_ev Bmjvgcš’x cø¨vUdg© wn‡m‡e mevB AvbvfvZvb cvwU©‡K wPšÍv KiZ) †Kb †Zvgiv `jv`wj KiQ? wek¦vm Kiæb, Avgv‡ì‡K LyeB Lvivc fvlvq MvwjMvjvR KiZ| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K Avwki `k‡Ki c~e© †_‡KB Lye fv‡jv K‡iB wPbZvg| Avwki `kK †_‡KB Zviv GB Av‡›`vjb‡K †kvlY (AZ¨vPvi) K‡i‡Q|

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

†m ejj: kÖ‡×q mfvcwZ, Avgvi GKUv KvR wQj ZvB AvavNÈv c‡i †Rjv Kvh©vjq Ly‡jwQ| †mB Kvbœv Kiv fvBwU (whwb Avgvi Kv‡Q Kvbœv Kivi welqwU Ly‡j e‡jbwb, †mB fvBwU) n‡jv, ÔAvãyj gwR`|Õ Zvici Dbvi mv‡_ wKQzÿY K_vevZ©v e‡j we`vq wbjvg| GK w`b ci mKv‡j Zvi Kvbœvi KviY Rvb‡Z cvijvg| Zvi ¯¿x mšÍvb cÖm‡ei mgq kwn` n‡q‡Q| †m Zvi beRvZ mšÍvb‡K k¨vwjKvi wbKU †i‡L G‡m I ¯¿xi jvk g‡M© †i‡L G‡m Kvh©vjq Lyj‡Z n‡e e‡j (†mB `vwqZ¡vbyf‚wZ †_‡K) `ªæZ Kvh©vj‡q P‡j Av‡m (mÜ¨v 6.30-G)| wcÖq fvB‡qiv, GB Av‡›`vj‡b Avãyj gwR‡`i* g‡Zv †jv‡Kiv Av‡Q| GB Av‡›`vj‡b ¯¿x, mšÍvbmšÍwZ‡K evwo‡Z †i‡L G‡m Avi †`Lv bvI n‡Z cv‡i GiKg Av‡eM wb‡q KvR Kivi wek¦vm, Av‡eM I fv‡jvevmv Av‡Q| Avi GB Av‡eM I fv‡jvevmvB Avgv‡`i GB Av‡›`vjb‡K G ch©v‡q wb‡q G‡m‡Q|Õ7 †idv cvwU©‡Z Gi‡`vqv‡bi KwgwU‡Z †m‡µUvwi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kiv †gv¯Ídv AvZvm* e‡jbÑ Ô1985 mv‡j Gi‡`vqvb B¯Ívš^yj †idv cvwU©i mfvcwZ nb| Dwb Avm‡j LyeB myk•„ Lj GKRb msMVK| B¯Ívš^y‡ji me¸‡jv †Rjv‡Z msMVb cÖwZôvq ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| mvßvwnK I gvwmK wgwUs¸‡jv PgrKvifv‡e wbqwgZ ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Zb| *

Avãyj gwR`‡K wb‡q GB e³e¨wU 1993 mv‡j ¯úviUv cÖ‡`‡ki Ks‡MÖ‡m †`qv| Avi Avãyj gvwR` ¯úviUvi Awaevmx wQ‡jb whwb cieZ©xKv‡j moK `yN©Ubvq gviv hvb| †gv¯Ídv AvZvm G‡K cvwU©i m‡e©v”P bxwZwba©viYx †dviv‡gi m`m¨ Ges †K›`ªxq mvsMVwbK mfvcwZ| cÖvqkB hv‡K †cÖwm‡W›U I cÖavbgš¿xi ci `‡j me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨w³ g‡b Kiv nq| Gi‡`vqv‡bi mv‡_ Dwb msMVb Ki‡Qb 1985 mvj †_‡K| Gi‡`vqvb hLb B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZ ZLb cÖ_‡g †Rjv †_‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb ïiæ K‡ib Ges 1992 mv‡j B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki †m‡µUvwi nb| Gi‡`vqvb wmwU †gqi nIqvi ci 1995 mv‡j †idv cvwU©i B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb| dvwRjZ cvwU©i B¯Ívš^y‡ji cÖwZôvZv m`m¨ wQ‡jb| cieZ©xKv‡j Gi‡`vqv‡bi mv‡_ hviv G‡K cvwU© cÖwZôvi KvR ïiæ K‡ib Zvi g‡a¨ Dwb GKRb| B¯Ívš^y‡j G‡K cvwU©i cÖwZôvZv mvsMVwbK mfvcwZ wQ‡jb Ges 2002 mv‡j cÖ_g Ggwc wbe©vwPZ nb| 2003 mvj †_‡K 2015 ch©šÍ G‡K cvwU©i †K›`ªxq wbe©vPb mgš^q †K‡›`ªi cÖavb wn‡m‡e wZbwU msm` wbe©vPb, wZbwU ¯’vbxq miKvi wbe©vPb, 2wU †idv‡iÛvgmn 10wU wbe©vPb cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb Ges me¸‡jv‡ZB G‡K cvwU©i HwZnvwmK Rq n‡q‡Q| 2015 mvj †_‡K `‡ji mvsMVwbK mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| G eB‡Z Gi‡`vqvb‡K wb‡q Dbvi mvÿvrKvi¸‡jvi eY©bvq G‡KK ¯’v‡b G‡KK cwiPq w`‡qwQ ¸iæZ¡ I ev¯Íe Ae¯’v eySvi Rb¨|

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

Kvh©Kix KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì‡K gvby‡li mv‡_ wg‡k msMVb Kiv‡bv wk‡L‡q‡Qb| ivRbxwZ Kiv gvbyl‡ì ¯^”Q nIqvi e¨vcv‡i †Rvi w`‡Zb| ivRbxwZwe`‡ì/ `vwqZ¡kxj‡ì mvsMVwbK Kv‡R AviI †ewk mgq `v‡bi e¨vcv‡i Drmvn w`‡Zb| Gme mvsMVwbK ¸Y Avgiv Dbvi KvQ †_‡K wk‡LwQ| cvkvcvwk (msMVb‡K) mgq †`qv Qvov ivRbxwZ nq bv, †mwµdvBm Kiv Qvov ivRbxwZ nq bv wKsev mdj nIqv hvq bv; G welq¸‡jv Avgiv Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb †_‡K wk‡LwQ| Avi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq n‡jv Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb ïay e³e¨ w`‡q †eov‡bv GK gvbyl bq, wb‡R mivmwi ev¯Íevqb bv K‡i †Kv‡bv KvR Ki‡Z ej‡Zb bv| Avgiv wb‡Riv A‡bK KvR Ki‡jI, Avgv‡ì mevi †P‡q Dwb †ewk KvR K‡ib|Õ wZwb Gfv‡e AviI †hvM K‡ibÑ Ôme©`v civgk©wfwËK KvR Ki‡Zb| B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki KwgwU‡Z Dbvi weiæ× wPšÍvavivi †jvKRbI wQj| wZwb me©`v mevi K_v G‡K G‡K âh© a‡i ïb‡Zb Ges †bvU wb‡Zb| KviI civgk©‡K AeÁv Ki‡Zb bv|Õ G‡K cvwU©i †WcywU †Pqvig¨vb I †cÖwm‡W›U Gi‡`vqv‡bi mv‡_ 1985 mvj †_‡K KvR Kiv G‡ivj Kvqv* e‡jbÑ ÔZzi‡¯‹i Bmjvwg ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvbB cÖ_g msMVb‡K mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ D¤§y³ K‡i‡Qb| GK`g mvaviY RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †gkv ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| `j‡K me©¯Í‡i †cuŠwQ‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Dwb B¯Ívš^y‡ji mfvcwZ _vKv Ae¯’vq KkvB, gywP GgbwK g‡ì ev‡i wM‡q `vIqvwZ KvR Ki‡Zb wKsev Avgiv KiZvg *

G‡ivj Kvqv, 1984 mv‡j †idv cvwU©i gnjøv mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e ivR‰bwZK Rxeb ïiæ K‡ib| 1985 mv‡j †i‡Rc Zvwq¨c Gi‡`vqvb B¯Ívš^yj cÖ‡`‡ki mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ci wZwb KviZvj †Rjvi mn-mfvcwZ g‡bvbxZ nb| 1988 mv‡j KviZvj †Rjv fvM n‡q †cbw`K †Rjv MwVZ n‡j wZwb †Rjvi cÖwZôvZv mfvcwZ wbe©vwPZ nb Ges 1994 mv‡j †cbw`K †cŠimfvi †gqi nIqv ch©šÍ G `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| 1994 mv‡j †gqi nIqvi ci Uvbv wZbevi wbe©vwPZ n‡q 2009 mvj ch©šÍ †gq‡ii `vwq‡Z¡ wQ‡jb| 2009 mvj †_‡K 2011 mvj ch©šÍ cÖavbgš¿xi (gvbbxq Gi‡`vqv‡bi) Dc‡`óv wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| 2011 mv‡ji mvaviY wbe©vP‡b B¯Ívš^yj †_‡K Ggwc wbe©vwPZ nb Ges Uvbv Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv Ggwc wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb| 2016 mv‡j G‡K cvwU©i m‡e©v”P †dviv‡gi m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nb| eZ©gvb `‡ji wWcywU †Pqvig¨vb Ges ¯’vbxq miKvi wefv‡Mi mfvcwZ wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb|

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

Ges msMV‡bi Kg©m~wP I Kg©c×wZ Zz‡j aiZvg| †hUv Avgv‡ì KíbvqI wQj bv| mgv‡Ri mKj ch©v‡q wZwb †idv cvwU©‡K †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb| †idv cvwU©i wfkb, wgkb, Kvh©µg Ges ¯^cœ mevi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡q‡Qb| †idv cvwU© G †`k‡K †bZ…Z¡ †`qvi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L Zv gvbyl‡K eywS‡q‡Qb| A_©vr `ywU welq K‡i‡QbÑ 1. †idv cvwU©‡K mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡i‡Qb| 2. †idv cvwU©i †bZv-Kg©x‡ì‡K evwn‡ii †jvK‡ì mv‡_ †gkv Ges wb‡R‡ì KvR‡K Dc¯’vcb Kivi g‡Zv †hvM¨ wn‡m‡e M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

eB I †jL‡Ki bvg

g~j¨

c¨vivWw·K¨vj mvwR`Ñ Avwid AvRv`

300/-

K‡qKwU Mí : AZtciÑ bvmwib myjZvbv wmgv

130/-

nvjvj we‡bv`bÑ Avey gyAvweqvn BmgvCj Kvg`vi Abyev` : gvmy` kixd

150/-

5000 cÖ‡kœvË‡i mxivZzbœex

490/-

†bZ…‡Z¡i cÖv_wgK †evSvcovÑ W. gywbi DwÏb Avn‡g` (ev`j)

250/-

Ñ W. †gv. Ave`yj gvbœvb

Ñ W. wnkvg Avj AvIqvw` Abyev` : gvmy` kixd

250/-

we‡qÑ †inbygv webZ Avwbm

250/-

350/-

10 11 12 13 14 15 16

eÜbÑ D¯Ív` †bvgvb Avjx Lvb Gi‡`vqvb : `¨v †PÄ †gKviÑ nvwdRyi ingvb †ivwn½v MYnZ¨v : KvVMovq my wPÑ Bgiæj Kv‡qm AvKvk †Quvqv ¯^cœ †`LÑ Avwgbyj Bmjvg dviæK mvbRvK-B DmgvbÑ wcÖÝ gynv¤§` mRj bvd b`xi Icv‡iÑ Avmv` cvi‡fR †WmwUwb wWRiv‡ÞWÑ Zvwgg Avbmvwi Abyev` : Avjx Avngv` gveiæi

250/400/250/220/500/300/500/-

17 evwZNiÑ gvmy`v myjZvbv iægx

375/-

18. †eweR Wv‡qwiÑ m¤úv`bv : gyRvwn` ïf

450/-

19. A¨v †jUvi Uz A¨vw_B÷ : gyMwbDi ingvb ZveixR

335/-

g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb

cÖKvwkZe¨ eBmg~n 1.

c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi ey‡K BRivBjÑ Avmv` cvi‡fR

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R¡‡j I‡Vv mvn‡mi g‡š¿Ñ Av R g Ievq`yjvø n

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mvBgyg mgMÖ (12 LÐ)Ñ Aveyj Avmv`

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g~j ivRbxwZ‡Z Gi‡`vqvb