ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
١
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ وﺣﺪه ،واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﲆ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ،وﻋﲆ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ
و ﺑﻌﺪ :
ﻓﻘﺪ اﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ اﳌﻌﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﻌﻼﱠﻣﺔ /ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ،
وﻫﻲ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ آﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ،ﻓﻮﺟﺪﲥﺎ رﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺒﺎرﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺎﲠﺎ ،وﻣﺸﺘﻤﻠﺔ ً ﻋﲆ ﻓﻮاﺋﺪ واﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﺎت ﺟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﳌﺒﺎرك ﻟﺬا ﻓﺈﻧﻨﻲ أوﴆ ﺑﲈ ﻳﲇ : :ﻧﴩ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ وﻃﺒﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ وﺗﻮزﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻤﻮم اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ داﺧﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺒﻼد وﺧﺎرﺟﻬﺎ ؛
ﻟﺘﻌﻢ اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة ﲠﺎ .
: أوﴆ أﺋﻤﺔ اﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ،وﻃﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﲠﺬه اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ،وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل
اﻟﺪروس اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ،وﻗﺮاءﲥﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ .
: أوﴆ اﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺑﺘﻘﻮى اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ ﰲ اﻟﴪ واﻟﻌﻼﻧﻴﺔ ،واﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻜﺘﺎب اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ
واﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻴﻪ واﳌﺪاوﻣﺔ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻼوﺗﻪ ،وﺗﺪﺑﺮ آﻳﺎﺗﻪ ،وﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ وﺗﻔﺴﲑه ؛ ﻟﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻬﺠﺎ ً ﻟﻠﺘﴩﻳﻊ ﰲ اﳊﻴﺎة ،وﻛﺬﻟﻚ أوﴆ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﲆ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ،وﻫﺪﻳﻪ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲠﲈ . ﻫﺬا وﺑﺎﷲ اﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ وﺻﲆ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ،وﻋﲆ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ . ﻛﺘﺒﻪ
ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺎﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﺩ /ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ ١٤٣٠/٠٤/٢٤ﻫـ
٢
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ رب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﲆ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ وﻋﲆ آﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ أﲨﻌﲔ
أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ :
ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﴪ اﷲ ﱄ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﻣﻊ دروس ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺪروس اﳌﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺮأﻫﺎ أو ﺗﻘﺮأ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ رﻏﺒﺔ ً ﻣﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﻔﻬﻢ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ .وأن اﳌﻄﺎﻟﻊ ﳍﺬا اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ اﻟﻘﺮاء ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﺒﺎﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺧﻄﻴﺐ اﳉﻤﻌﺔ ،أو إﻣﺎم اﳌﺴﺠﺪ ،أو اﻟﻮاﻋﻆ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪروس ﰲ ﺧﻄﺒﻪ ،أو دروﺳﻪ ،أو ﻛﻠﲈﺗﻪ ، وﻗﺪ ﻛﺎن ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻨﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب :
أ (ﲢﺮﻳﻨﺎ أن ﻻ ﻧﺨﺮج اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ إﻻ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ً أو ﺣﺴﻨﺎ ً ﳑﺎ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ أو ﺣﺴﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء اﳌﻌﺘﱪﻳﻦ .
ب( اﻹﳚﺎز ﰲ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ أن اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻵﻳﺔ . ج (اﻟﺪروس اﳌﻔﻴﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ اﻟﻨﺎس ﰲ واﻗﻌﻬﻢ وﺣﻴﺎﲥﻢ ﻣﺪﻋﻤﺔ ً ﺑﺎﻷدﻟﺔ . د ( ذﻛﺮﻧﺎ رﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻛﺜﲑة ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﳌﺠﺘﻤﻊ وﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺪاء ﻟﻠﻌﻮدة ﻟﻠﻘﺮآن وﻓﻬﻤﻪ واﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ واﻟﺪﻋﻮة إﻟﻴﻪ واﻹﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﻋﻦ اﳌﻨﻜﺮات وذﻛﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ ً ﻣﻦ أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﰲ اﻟﺪﻋﻮة إﱃ اﷲ . ﻫﺬا وأﺳﺄل اﷲ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ أن ﳚﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ ً ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ وأن ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻪ وﻗﺎرﺋﻪ إﻧﻪ ﺳﻤﻴﻊ ٌ ﳎ ُ ﻴﺐ . ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻦ ﺷﻴﺒﺔ ١٤٣٠/٠٤/١٩ﻫـ
٣
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ؟! ..ﺇﻢ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﺀﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻫﺮ ،ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ، rﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ
ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻔﻪ – ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﻣﻜﺬﺏ ﻭﺷﺎﻙ ﻣﺘﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺘﺤﲑ -ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻐﺒﺔ ﺇﻋﺮﺍﺿﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻬﻢ ﻓﲑﻭﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﲔ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ .
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻻﺋﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺃﹶﻟﹶﻢ ﻧﺠﻌﻞﹺ
ﺍﻷَﺭﺽ ﻣﻬﺎﺩﺍ (( ﺃﻱ ﳑﻬـﺪﺓﹰ ﺫﻟﻮﻻﹰ ﻟﻠﺨﻼﺋﻖ ،ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔﹰ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﳑﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ )) ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﺒﺎﻝﹶ ﺃﹶﻭﺗﺎﺩﺍ (( ﺃﻱ ﻟﻸﺭﺽ ﲤﺴﻜﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻴﺪ ﻭﺗﻀﻄﺮﺏ )) ﻭﺧﻠﹶﻘﹾﻨﺎﻛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﺯﻭﺍﺟﺎ (( ﺫﻛﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺇﻧﺎﺛﺎﹰ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﻟﻴﺤﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻞ ﻓﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨـﻮﻉ )) ﻭﺟﻌﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﻧﻮﻣﻜﹸﻢ ﺳﺒﺎﺗﺎ (( ﺭﺍﺣﺔﹰ ﻷﺑﺪﺍﻧﻜﻢ )) ﻭﺟﻌﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﺒﺎﺳﺎ (( ﺳﺎﺗﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻠﺒﺎﺱ )) ﻭﺟﻌﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺎ (( ﻣﺸﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻜﻨﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺵ )) ﻭﺑﻨﻴﻨﺎ ﻓﹶﻮﻗﹶﻜﹸﻢ ﺳﺒﻌﺎ ﺷﺪﺍﺩﺍ (( ﺳﺒـﻊ ﲰﻮﺍﺕ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﻨﺔ )) ﻭﺟﻌﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺳﺮﺍﺟﺎ ﻭﻫﺎﺟﺎ (( ﺟﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳌﻨﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﺎﻟﺴـﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻫﺞ )) ﻭﺃﹶﻧﺰﻟﹾﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﺼﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺀً ﺛﹶﺠﺎﺟﺎ (( ﻭﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﻣﺎﺀً ﻣﻨﺼﺒﺎﹰ ﻃﻬﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺎﹰ )) ﻟﻨﺨﺮﹺﺝ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺣﺒﺎ ﻭﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎ (( ﻟﻨﺨﺮﺝ ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺍﺏ )) ﻭﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻔﹶﺎﻓﹰﺎ (( ﻭﳔﺮﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﺎﺗﲔ ﻏﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻠﺘﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺼﺎﻥ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ . ٤
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
* ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻫﻮ :
ﺃ -ﺑﻌﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﳏﻤﺪ ، rﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺑﻦ ﲪﺎﺭ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﻭﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻧﻈﹶﺮ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻷﺭﺽﹺ
ﻓﹶﻤﻘﹶﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﺮﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﺠﻤﻬـﻢ ﺍﻹ ﺑﻘﹶﺎﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﺘﺎﺏﹺ ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺇﹺﻧﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺜﹾﺘﻚ ﻷﺑﺘﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﺃﹶﺑﺘﻠﻲ ﺑﹺﻚ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﷲ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ rﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﻇﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ )) :ﻭﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﺧﻠﹶﻘﹾﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺣﻨﻔﹶﺎﺀَ ﻛﹸﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﻭﺇﹺﻧﻬﻢ ﺃﹶﺗﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ ﻓﹶﺎﺟﺘﺎﻟﹶﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻬﹺﻢ ﻭﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺣﻠﹶﻠﹾﺖ ﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﹶﻣﺮﺗﻬﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺸﺮﹺﻛﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﺃﹸﻧﺰﹺﻝﹾ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺳﻠﹾﻄﹶﺎﻧﺎ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( . ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ rﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺃﺣﺒﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ؟ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ : r
)) ﻻ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﹶﻛﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﺣﺐ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻟﹶﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﺍﻟﺪﻩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ ﺃﹶﺟﻤﻌﲔ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ
.
ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ rﺗﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺭﺓ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﺑﻦ ﲰﺮﺓ )) : ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻷﻋﺮﹺﻑ ﺣﺠﺮﺍ ﺑﹺﻤﻜﱠﺔﹶ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﺴﻠﱢﻢ ﻋﻠﹶﻲ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺃﹸﺑﻌﺚﹶ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻷﻋﺮﹺﻓﹸﻪ ﺍﻵﻥﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻦ ﺍﳉﺬﻉ ﳌﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ، rﻭﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺟﺒﻞﹲ ﻳﺤﺒﻨﺎ ﻭﻧﺤﺒ ﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ . ﻓﻬﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺩﺭﺳﻨﺎ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻨﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﳏﺒﺘﻪ rﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ؟ .
)ﺏ( ﻧﺰﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻴﺎﺽ )) : ﻭﺃﹶﻧﺰﻟﹾﺖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻐﺴِﻠﹸﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺎﺀُ
ﺗﻘﹾﺮﺅﻩ ﻧﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻭﻳﻘﹾﻈﹶﺎ ﹶﻥ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ (( ﻓﺒﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻡ ﻭﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻳﺮﻓﹶﻊ ﺑﹺﻬﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﻮﺍﻣﺎﹰ ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﹺﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻫﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺗﻼﻭﺓﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﻭﺳﻠﻮﻛﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔﹰ ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﺎﹰ ؟ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻴﺪﺭﺳﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﻴﻘﻮﻡ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﻼﹰ .
٥
((
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
* ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ :ﺃﹸﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ) ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻊ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ،ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﻤﻬﺪﺓ ،ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺳﻲ ،ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺻﻨﺎﻓﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ، ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻤﺪ ،ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺍﳌﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﲑﺓ ،ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ،ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﺍﻣﻸ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﳏﺒﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺒﺢ ﷲ ﲝﻤﺪﻩ ،
ﻭﳌﺎ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﲜﺒﻞ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )) :ﺳﲑﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺟﻤﺪﺍﻥﹸ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹶﺮﺩﻭﻥﹶ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ :ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹶﺮﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ:ﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍﻛﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻛﹶﺜﲑﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍﻛﺮﺍﺕ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ .
٦
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ﺇﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﺑﺄﺟﻞ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻨﻔﺦ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﻓﻴﻞ uﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﻧﻔﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻓﺘﺄﺗﻮﻥ ﺯﻣﺮﺍﹰ ﺯﻣﺮﺍﹰ )ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ( ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﻃﺮﻗﺎﹰ ﺗﱰﻝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ،ﻭﻧﺴﻔﺖ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﲑﺕ ،ﻓﻴﺨﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﺃﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﺮﺍﺏ ﻻﺷﻲ ،ﺇﻥ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﻭﻣﻬﻴﺄﺓ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﻐﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻭﺩﺍﺭﺍﹰ ﳍﻢ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﻤﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻛﺜﲔ ﺩﻫﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺍﻧﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﳍﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ،ﻻ ﳚﺪﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﹰ ﻹﻃﻔﺎﺀ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻻ ﺷﺮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻃﻴﺒﺎﹰ ﻳﻄﻔﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺶ ؛ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎﺀً ﺣﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻳﻘﻄﱢﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﻌﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﻴﺢ ﻭﻋﺮﻕ ﻭﺩﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﺮﻭﺡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺑﺎﺭﺩ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺴﺎﻍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻨﻪ ، ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺟﺰﺍﺀً ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻷﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ؛ ﺇﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻨﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ،ﻭﺟﺤﺪﻭﺍ ﲝﺠﺞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺩﻻﺋﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ، rﻭﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺀﺍﹰ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﺑﻼ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ،ﻓﺬﻭﻗﻮﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻓﻠﻦ ﻧﺰﻳﺪﻛﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻨﺴﻪ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ ﺃﺯﻭﺍﺝ ،ﻭﻻ ﻧﻘﺼﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﻜﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ،ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻫﻞ ﺃﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻳﻘﻮﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) :ﻟﹶﺘـﺆﺩﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻘﹸﻮﻕ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﹶﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻠﹾﺤﺎﺀِ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﺮﻧﺎﺀِ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ .
ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ﻓﻘﻢ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺍﻡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻮﺕ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﺎﻧﲑ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ : )) ﻭﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﺛﹶﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺩﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺃﹸﺧﺬﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻟﹶﻢ ﺗﻜﹸﻦ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺣﻤﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺌﹶﺎﺗﻬﹺﻢ (( ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .
-٢ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻗﺮﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﺦ ﻓﻴﻪ ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺹ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺃﹶﻋﺮﺍﺑﹺﻲ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻗﹶﺮﻥﹲ ﻳﻨﻔﹶﺦ ﻓﻴﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .
-٣ﺇﻥ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻣﻬﻴﺄﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﻐﺎﺓ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ :
))
ﻟﹶﻤﺎ ﺧﻠﹶﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ
ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺃﹶﺭﺳﻞﹶ ﺟﹺﺒﺮﹺﻳﻞﹶ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ((... ﻭﻓﻴﻪ )) ﺍ ﹾﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻓﹶﺎﻧﻈﹸﺮ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻋﺪﺩﺕ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻫﻲ ﻳﺮﻛﹶﺐ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎ ..ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻏﺰﻭﺍﻥ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﺓﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔﹶ ﻟﹶﺘﻠﹾﻘﹶﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻔﲑﹺ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻓﹶﺘﻬﻮﹺﻱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﹾﻀﻲ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﺮﺍﺭﹺﻫﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻈﻪ .
ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ " ﻓﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﻐﺎﺓ " . -٤ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ :ﺃﻫﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ؛ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ،ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳍﻼﻙ " ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺎﺕ
ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ " ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻚ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﹶﻳﺖ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻫﺎﺭﹺﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻃﹶﺎﻟﺒﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ) ﺣﺴﻦ ( .
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ﺇﻥ ﳌﻦ ﺍﺗﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺎﻩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺘﱰﹼﻫﺎﹰ ﻭﳒﺎﺓﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻓﻮﺯﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ،ﳍﻢ ﺑﺴﺎﺗﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻨﺎﺏ ،ﻭﳍﻢ ﺯﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ،ﻭﳍﻢ ﻛﺆﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻮﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺆﱂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﻮﻥ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻛﻼﻣﺎﹰ ﻻﻏﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﺎﺭﻳﺎﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ،ﻻ ﺇﰒ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺬﺏ ﻭﻻ ﺑﺎﻃﻼﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ،ﺑﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﲔ ﺟﺰﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﻄﺎﺀً ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﻢ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ ﻭﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﻟﺮﻢ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻚ ﳍﻤﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﻤﺎ ،ﻗﺪ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺭﲪﺘﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺎﻃﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﻼﻣﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺈﺫﻧﻪ ،ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ uﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﲔ ﺧﻀﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﷲ ﻭﺧﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻭﺫﻻﹰ ﻭﺇﺟﻼﻻﹰ ﻟﻪ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺷﺎﻓﻌﺎﹰ ؛ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺫﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺣﻘﺎ ) ﺃﹶﺫﻥﹶ ﺍﷲُ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻔﻮﻉ ﻟﻪ ( ،ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ ﺍﲣﺬ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﹰ ﻳﻬﺘﺪﻱ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﻳـﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ . ﺇﻧﺎ ﺧﻮﻓﻨﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻢ ،ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﺷﺮﻫﺎ ، ﻓﲑﺍﻫﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺒﺢ ﻣﺼﲑﻩ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ :ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﲏ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ! ﻓﻼ ﺃﹸﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﻭﻻ ﺃﹸﻋﺬﹼﺏ ،ﻭﻻ ﺃﺻﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺼﲑ ﺍﳌﺆﱂ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﺇﻥ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺎﺕ ؛ ﻓﺴﺎﺭﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ! ،ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺴﺮﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ )) : ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹸ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺮﺏ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﻧﻌﻠﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹸ
ﺫﹶﻟﻚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٢ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻦ : • ﺇﺫﻥﹸ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﻓﻊ . • ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻔﻮﻉ ﻟﻪ .
ﻭﻳـﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﻔﺎﻋﺘﻪ rﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺎﺋﺮ ؛ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ )) : ﺷﻔﹶﺎﻋﺘﻲ ﻹﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺒﺎﺋﺮﹺ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹸﻣﺘﻲ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ (.
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻔـﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻔﻌﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋـﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺸﻔﻊ rﰲ ﻋﻤﻪ ﺃﰊ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﰲ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌـﺬﺍﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﰲ ﺿﺤﻀـﺎﺡ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ،ﻟﻪ ﻧﻌـﻼﻥ ﻳﻐﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﻤـﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻏـﻪ ،ﻗـﺎﻝ - r - )) :ﻭﻟﹶﻮﻻ ﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﹶﻞﹺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ (( )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٣ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ،ﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺭﻃﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﻳﺎﺑﺴﺎﹰ ﺯﺑﻴﺒﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﲔ )ﺃ( ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﲔ )ﺝ( ،ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺯﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺰﳝﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ،ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﺖ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﺳﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﻮﺭ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﻤﻮﺟﻠﻮﺑﲔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪﻳﺖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ، ﻭﺷﺮﺏ ﻋﺼﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺘﻄﻬﲑ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ،ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺐ -ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ -ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ،ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻰ ،ﺣﺼﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺭﺓ ،ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ،ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺰﻡ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺯﹺﻋﺎﺕ ﻏﹶﺮﻗﹰﺎ (( ،ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺗﱰﻉ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﻌﺴﺮ
ﻭﻋﻨﻒ ﻭﺇﻏﺮﺍﻕ )) ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﻄﹶﺎﺕ ﻧﺸﻄﹰﺎ (( ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺗﻘﺒﺾ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺑﻠﲔ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﻳﺴﺮ ﻓﺘﻨﺸﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ )) ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﹺﺤﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﺤﺎ (( ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﳍﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺄﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) ،ﻓﹶﺎﻟﺴﺎﺑﹺﻘﹶﺎﺕ ﺳﺒﻘﹰﺎ (( ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺄﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺎ ﺗﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺄﺭﻭﺍﺡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ )) ،ﻓﹶﺎﻟﹾﻤﺪﺑﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﺍ (( ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺗﺪﺑﺮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﺎﳌﻄﺮ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ . ﺍﺫﻛﺮ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻨﻔﺦ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﻓﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﲡﻒ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺗﺰﻟﺰﻝ ﲟﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺨﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺒﻌﺚ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻮﺭﻫﻢ ؛ ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺧﺎﺋﻔﺔ ،ﺃﺑﺼﺎﺭ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺎ ﺫﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺣﻘﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﺬﻫﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺭﺃﺎ ،ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ : ﺃﻧﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ! ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﳔﻮﺭ ﻋﻈﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺘﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻼﺋﻬﺎ ! ﻓﻠﺌﻦ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ؛ ﻓﻠﻨﺨﺴﺮﻥ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ . ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ؛ ﻓﻴﻨﻔﺦ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﻓﻴﻞ uﻧﻔﺨﺔ ،ﺻﻴﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺗﱰﻉ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺣﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﺑﺮﻓﻖ ﻭﻧﺸﺎﻁ ،ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻓﺘﱰﻉ ﺃﺭﻭﺍﺣﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﻒ ﻭﺗﻌﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ )) :ﻓﹶﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﺗﺴِﻴﻞﹸ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﺗﺴِﻴﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻄﹾﺮﺓﹸ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻘﹶﺎﺀِ (( ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )) :ﻓﹶﻴﻨﺘﺰﹺﻋﻬﺎ – ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ-ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﱡﻮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺒﻠﹸﻮﻝﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺃﲪـﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ (
-٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴـﻠﻢ :ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﳎﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻓﺎﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ : ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺫﹶﻫﺐ ﺛﹸﻠﹸﺜﹶﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹺ ﻗﹶﺎﻡ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ )) :ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺫﹾﻛﹸﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﺫﹾﻛﹸﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺟﹺﻔﹶﺔﹸ ﺗﺘﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺩﻓﹶﺔﹸ ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺕ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺕ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ) ﺣﺴﻦ ( .
-٣ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ؛ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﻋﻦ ﲬﺲ ،ﻓﻌﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ r ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻻ ﺗﺰﻭﻝﹸ ﻗﹶﺪﻡ ﺍﺑﻦﹺ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﺄﹶﻝﹶ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻤﺲﹴ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﹺﻩ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻨﺎﻩ
ﻭﻋﻦ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﻴﻢ ﺃﹶﺑﻼﻩ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻳﻦ ﺍﻛﹾﺘﺴﺒﻪ ﻭﻓﻴﻢ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹶﻘﹶﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﺫﹶﺍ ﻋﻤﻞﹶ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻐﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻓﻘﻚ ﺍﷲ .
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ﻫﻞ ﲰﻌﺖ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﲞﱪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ uﺣﲔ ﻧﺎﺩﺍﻩ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮ ) ﻃﻮﻯ ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﳌﻮﺳﻰ :ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﺮﺩ ﻭﻃﻐﻰ ﻭﻋﱴ ! ﻓﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻫﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﲡﻴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ ؟ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﱡﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ؛ ﻓﺘﺨﺎﻑ ﻧﻘﻤﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﻪ ،ﻭﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ،ﻭﳜﻀﻊ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ ﻭﻳﻠﲔ ﻭﻳﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ . ﻓﺄﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻭﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )) ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻟﹾﻘﹶﻰ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻫﻲ ﺛﹸﻌﺒﺎﻥﹲ ﻣﺒﹺﲔ (( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﻌﺠﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ، uﻓﻜﺬﺏ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥﹸ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ،ﰒ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻟﻴﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ،ﻓﺠﻤﻊ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﻧﺎﺩﺍﻫﻢ :ﺃﻧﺎ ﺭﺑﻜﻢ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ! ﻓﺄﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﹸﻋﺒﺪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻱ ! ﻓﺎﻧﺘﻘﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺈﻫﻼﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻕ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺑﺄﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ . ﺇﻥ ﰲ ﺇﻫﻼﻙ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻋﱪﺓ ﻭﻋﻈﺔ ﳌﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﻆ ﻭﻳﱰﺟﺮ ﻭﳜﺸﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ . ﺃﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ؟ ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﺷﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻜﻢ .ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ، ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺟﺎﺀ ،ﻣﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ،ﺃﻏﻄﺶ ﻟﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻈﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﺃﺳﻮﺩ ﺣﺎﻟﻜﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺭ ﺎﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺩﺣﺎﻫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻔﺮﺷﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﺪﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ،ﻣﻦ ﺃﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻴﻮﻥ ﻭﺁﺑﺎﺭ ﻭﺃﻭﺩﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺃﻧﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻷﻭﺗﺎﺩ ﻟﻸﺭﺽ ﻟﺌﻼ ﺗﻀﻄﺮﺏ ﻭﲤﻴﻞ ،ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺎﹰ ﻟﻜﻢ ﲟﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﺟﻮﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻷﻧﻌﺎﻣﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﺒﻮﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﻀﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻞ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻷﺻﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺣﺔ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺘﻨﺎﹰ
ﺑﻪ ؛ ﻓﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺑﺎﺣﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﺎ ﳏﺮﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺿﺮﺍﺭ. ((
ﻭﳛﺮﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﳝﻪ ،ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻧﻬﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﻋﻦ
ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺫﻱ ﻧﺎﺏﹴ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻉﹺ ﻭﻋﻦ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺫﻱ ﻣﺨﹶﻠﺐﹴ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴﺮﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )) : ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﻧﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺃﹶﻛﹾﻞﹺ ﻟﹸﺤﻮﻡﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻤﺮﹺ ﺍﻷﻫﻠﻴﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ )) :ﺣﺮﻣﺖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻴﺘﺔﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻡ ﻭﻟﹶﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻨﺰﹺﻳﺮﹺ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﻫﻞﱠ ﻟﻐﻴﺮﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﻪِ ...ﺍﻵﻳﺔ
((
. ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺷﻜﺮﻩ ،ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻀﺮﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻴﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﻤﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﺩﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ،ﻓﺘﻘﻮﻝ :ﻳﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ،ﻫﻞ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻬﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ؟! ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﻮﻝ :ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ :ﻫﻞ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺗﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﻧﻔﻮﺳﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ؟ ﻓﻠﻨﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺬﺍ ،ﻧﺘﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ،ﻧﺼﻠﺢ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ ،ﻧﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ،ﻫﻞ ﳔﺸﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ؟ ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﹸﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ uﻣﻊ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ . ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻧﺪﻋﻮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ . -٣ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﳔﺸﻰ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻓﻠﻨﻌﺘﱪ ﲟﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﻐﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ )) ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﻓﻲ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻟﹶﻌﺒﺮﺓﹰ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻳﺨﺸﻰ (( ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ rﺃﺧﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺮﺑﻪ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻷﺭﺟﻮ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ
ﺃﹶﻛﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﺧﺸﺎﻛﹸﻢ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺃﹶﻋﻠﹶﻤﻜﹸﻢ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﺗﻘﻲ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] 3“t•tƒ `yJÏ9 ÞOŠÅspgø:$# ÏNy—Ìh•ç/ur ÇÌÎÈ 4Ótëy™ $tB ß`»|¡RM}$# ã•©.x‹tGtƒ tPöqtƒ ÇÌÍÈ 3“uŽö9ä3ø9$# èp¨B!$©Ü9$# ÏNuä!%y` #sŒÎ*sù t$%s{ ô`tB $¨Br&ur ÇÌÒÈ 3“urù'yJø9$# }‘Ïd tLìÅspgø:$# ¨bÎ*sù ÇÌÑÈ $u‹÷R‘‰9$# no4quŠptø:$# t•rO#uäur ÇÌÐÈ 4ÓxösÛ `tB $¨Br'sù ÇÌÏÈ tb$-ƒr& Ïptã$¡¡9$# Ç`tã y7tRqè=t«ó¡o„ ÇÍÊÈ 3“urù'yJø9$# }‘Ïd sp¨Ypgø:$# ¨bÎ*sù ÇÍÉÈ 3“uqolù;$# Ç`tã }§øÿ¨Z9$# ‘ygtRur ¾ÏmÎn/u‘ tP$s)tB öNåk¨Xr(x. ÇÍÎÈ $yg9t±øƒs† `tB â‘É‹ZãB |MRr& !$yJ¯RÎ) ÇÍÍÈ !$yg9pktJYãB y7În/u‘ 4’n<Î) ÇÍÌÈ !$yg1t•ø.ÏŒ `ÏB |MRr& tLìÏù ÇÍËÈ $yg9y™ö•ãB [ ÇÍÏÈ $yg9ptéÏ ÷rr& ºp§‹Ï±tã žwÎ) (#þqèWt7ù=tƒ óOs9 $pktX÷rt•tƒ tPöqtƒ
ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ،ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻠﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺩﺍﻫﻴﺔ ! ﻭﺗﻄﹸﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﺼﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ؛ ﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑﹴ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮ ، ﻭﺃﹸﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺃﻭﻫﺎ ﻋﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺑﺄﺑﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ،ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﱴ ﻭﲡﱪ ﻭﲤﺮﺩ ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ؛ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻵﺧﺮﺗﻪ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺼﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺧﺸﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ،ﻭﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻮﺍﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻟﺰﻣﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺎ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﺼﲑﻩ ﻭﻣﻨﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ . ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻚ -ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ : ﻣﱴ ﻣﻮﻋﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ .ﻭﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ .ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﻫﺎ ؟ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺎ ﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﳍﻢ ،ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭﻗﺖ ﳎﻴﺌﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻫﺎ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ .ﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺬﺭ ﻭﲣﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺸﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ؛ ﻓﻌﻤﻞ ﻵﺧﺮﺗﻪ . ﻛﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻮﺭﻫﻢ ؛ ﱂ ﻳﻠﺒﺜﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻫﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻋﺸﻴﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺿﺤﻰ ﻳﻮﻡ؛ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ.
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﺣـﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻳﺜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ! ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫـﺮﻳﺮﺓ : )) ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻠﹾﻌﻮﻧﺔﹲ ﻣﻠﹾﻌﻮﻥﹲ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺫﻛﹾﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﻩ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﱢﻤﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ )) : ﻣﺎ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﻠﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺜﹶﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﺜﹶﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻛﹶﺮﺍﻛﺐﹴ ﺳﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻡﹴ ﺤﺖ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺳﺎﻋﺔﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺭﹴ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺭﺍﺡ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﹶﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺻﺎﺋﻒ ﻓﹶﺎﺳﺘﻈﹶﻞﱠ ﺗ ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺂﺧﺮﺗﻚ ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺭﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ .ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ . r -٢ﻫﻞ ﳔﺎﻑ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ؟ ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ
ﺍﳍﻮﻯ .ﻓﻠﹾﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﹸﰊ )) :ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﻑ ﺃﹶﺩﻟﹶﺞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺩﻟﹶﺞ ﺑﻠﹶﻎﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﺰﹺﻝﹶ ﺃﹶﻻ ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺳﻠﹾﻌﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻏﹶﺎﻟﻴﺔﹲ ﺃﹶﻻ ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺳﻠﹾﻌﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨ ﹸﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ (. -٣ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﺳﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ) ﻭﻗﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ( ﻻ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ – ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ . -ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺄﻝ
ﺟﱪﻳﻞﹸ uﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﷲ rﻋﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ )) : rﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﺌﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﹶﺄﻋﻠﹶﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞﹺ
)ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﻋﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ؟ ..ﻫﻞ ﺃﻋﺪﺩﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻻﹰ ﺻﺎﳊﺔﹰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﺍﻩ ؟ ..ﺃﻡ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ÇÍÈ #“t•ø.Ïe%!$# çmyèxÿYtGsù ã•©.¤‹tƒ ÷rr& ÇÌÈ #’ª1¨“tƒ ¼ã&©#yès9 y7ƒÍ‘ô‰ãƒ $tBur ÇËÈ 4‘yJôãF{$# çnuä!%y` br& ÇÊÈ #’¯<uqs?ur }§t6tã &uqèdur ÇÑÈ 4Ótëó¡o„ x8uä!%y` `tB $¨Br&ur ÇÐÈ 4’ª1¨“tƒ žwr& y7ø‹n=tã $tBur ÇÏÈ 3“£‰|Ás? ¼çms9 |MRr'sù ÇÎÈ 4Óo_øótFó™$# Ç`tB $¨Br †ÇÊÌÈ 7ptB§•s3•B 7#çtྠ’Îû ÇÊËÈ ¼çnt•x.sŒ uä!$x© `yJsù ÇÊÊÈ ×ot•Ï.õ‹s? $pk¨XÎ) Hxx. ÇÊÉÈ 4‘¤Sn=s? çm÷Ztã |MRr'sù ÇÒÈ 4Óy´øƒs [ ÇÊÏÈ ;ou‘t•t/ ¤Q#t•Ï. ÇÊÎÈ ;ot•xÿy™ “ω÷ƒr'Î/ ÇÊÍÈ ¥ot•£gsÜ•B 7ptãqèùó•£D
ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻭﺟﻬﻪ ،ﻭﻗﻄﺐ ﺟﺒﻴﻨﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﻩ ﻳﺴﺄﻟﻪ ؛ ﻟﻴﻌﻠﱢﻤﻪ .ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻻﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﺑﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻛﺒﺎﺭ ﻛﻔﺎﺭ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ . ﻭﻣﺎ ﳜﱪﻙ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ،ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﻰ ﻳﺘﻄﻬﺮ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ .ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻌﻆ ، ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ ﻣﻨﻚ . ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﲟﺎﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺷﺮﻓﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ ،ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ،ﻣﻘﺒﻼﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻀﺮﻙ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻄﻬﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻩ ﻭﺫﻧﻮﺑﻪ . ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﻙ ﺳﺎﻋﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻙ ؛ ﻟﻴﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ،ﺧﺎﺷﻴﺎﹰ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﺧﺎﺋﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ ؛ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﺸﺎﻏﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻚ . ﻛﻼ ! ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺮﺓﹰ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻋﻈﺔ ﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺎ ﻏﲑﻙ ﳑﻦ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻆ ﲟﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ . ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻈﺎﺕ ،ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻒ ﻣﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ،ﻣﻄﻬﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ،ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﺄﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺳﻔﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ، r ﻭﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﺑﺮﺭﺓ ﻣﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻴﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﳏﺒﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ rﻭﻣﻌﺎﺗﺒﺘﻪ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻭﻛﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺗﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻈﺔ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻯ ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﻧﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻌﻆ ؟ ﻭﳔـﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ : ))
ﺍﺗﻖﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺣﻴﺜﹸﻤﺎ ﻛﹸﻨﺖ ﻭﺃﹶﺗﺒﹺﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺴﻨﺔﹶ ﺗﻤﺤﻬﺎ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻖﹺ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﹺﺨﻠﹸﻖﹴ ﺣﺴﻦﹴ
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ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ
ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺣﺴﻦ( . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﺔ ،ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ . ﻓﻬﻞ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﺴﻤﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺇﺧﻮﺍﻧﻚ ؟ ﺑﺎﺷﺎﹰ ﳍﻢ ؟ ﻟﺘﺴﻌﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﺧﻼﻗﻚ ،ﻭﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ )) : ﺗﺒﺴﻤﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺃﹶﺧﻴﻚ ﻟﹶﻚ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ
ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎﻥ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( . -٣ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺭﺣﺐ ﺑﺄﺧﻴﻚ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ،ﻓﻘﻞ ﻟﻪ :ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﺑﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ . r ﻭﺃﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻔﺘﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ :
))
ﺳﻴ ﹾﺄﺗﻴﻜﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﻮﺍﻡ ﻳﻄﹾﻠﹸﺒﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻠﹾﻢ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺭﺃﹶﻳﺘﻤﻮﻫﻢ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ ﻣﺮﺣﺒﺎ ﺑﹺﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻭﺍﻗﹾﻨﻮﻫﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺣﺴﻦ ( .ﺍﻗﹾﻨﻮﻫﻢ : ﻋﻠﱢﻤﻮﻫﻢ. -٤ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻮﻱ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ،ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻴﻊ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﻋﻠﻢ .
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ﻟﻌﻦ ﺍﷲ – ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ – ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﺬﺏ ! ﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻛﻔﺮﻩ ﻭﺗﻜﺬﻳﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ! ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻄﻔﻪ ] ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﻬﲔ [ ﻓﻘـﺪﺭ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ،ﻭﺭﺯﻗﻪ ،ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻪ ،ﻭﺷﻘﺎﻭﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ ،ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲝﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻮﺗﻪ ،ﰒ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄـﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺮ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ، ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ﺑﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﺳﻬﻼﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ،ﰒ ﺗﻮﻓﺎﻩ ﻭﺃﻣﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻘﱪ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﰒ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ،ﻛﻼ ! ﺭﺩﻋﺎﹰ ﻭﺯﺟﺮﺍﹰ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻓﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ . ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ .ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻓﺎﹰ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ، ﻭﻃﻌﻤﻪ ،ﻭﺫﻭﻗﻪ ؟ ﺃﻧﺎ ﺻﺒﺒﻨﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ؛ ﻓﺄﻧﺒﺘﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺯﻭﺝ ﻴﺞ ،ﰒ ﺷﻘﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻓﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻜﻦ ﺎ ؛ ﻓﺄﻧﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳊﺒﻮﺏ ،ﻭﻛﻞ ﺃﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺃﻧﺒﺘﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺒﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺑﺮﺳﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻏﺬﺍﺀً ﻟﻠﺤﻴﻮﺍﻥ ،ﻭﺯﻳﺘﻮﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﳔﻼﹰ ،ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ،ﻣﻠﺘﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺼﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻓﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﺭ ،ﻭﺃﺑﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﳑﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺸﺎﺋﺶ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ .ﻭﻛﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﻷﻧﻌﺎﻣﻜﻢ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻭﻓﻴﻬـﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﳛﺼﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻋـﺰ ﻭﺟـﻞ ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﺗﺸﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻢ ﺎ ؟ ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﻧﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ؟ ﺃﻡ ﲣﺎﻟﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﺟﺤﻮﺩ ﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﻔﻜﺮ ؛ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻠﻌﻮﻥ . ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ،ﻭﻳﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﺣﺎﻣﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺫﺍﻛﺮﺍﹰ .ﻓﺎﺣﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ . ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ :
))
ﺤﻤﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﹶﻴﺮﺿﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺄﹾﻛﹸﻞﹶ ﺍﻷﻛﹾﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﻓﹶﻴ
ﺤﻤﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺑﺔﹶ ﻓﹶﻴ -٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ – ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ -ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺘﲔ :
ﺃ -ﺍﻷﻭﱃ :ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺮﻯ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ )) ﺛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻗﹾﺒﺮﻩ. ((
ﺏ -ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ :ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﻫﻲ :ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )) ﺛﹸﻢ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺷﺎﺀَ ﺃﹶﻧﺸﺮﻩ. (( ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )): rﻭﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺷﻲﺀٌ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﹶﻰ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻋﻈﹾﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺠﺐ ﺍﻟ ﱠﺬﻧﺐﹺ ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﻳﺮﻛﱠﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻠﹾﻖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ . -٣ﻫﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ؟ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎﹰ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ،ﺗﺎﺭﻛﺎﹰ ﻣﺎﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ . -٤ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ،ﻓﻔﻴﻬﺎ )ﺍﻹﻧﺰﳝﺎﺕ ( ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺯﺟﺔ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﲔ ) ﺃ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ )ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺭﻭﻧﲔ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻮﳍﺎ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﲔ ) ﺃ ( .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] ÇÌÏÈ ÏmŠÏ^t/ur ¾ÏmÏFt7Ås»|¹ur ÇÌÎÈ Ïm‹Î/r&ur ¾ÏmÏiBé&ur ÇÌÍÈ Ïm‹Åzr& ô`ÏB âäö•pRùQ$# ”•Ïÿtƒ tPöqtƒ ÇÌÌÈ èp¨z!$¢Á9$# ÏNuä!%y` #sŒÎ*sù ×nqã_ãrur ÇÌÒÈ ×ouŽÅ³ö6tFó¡•B ×ps3Ïm$|Ê ÇÌÑÈ ×ot•Ïÿó¡•B 7‹Í´tBöqtƒ ×nqã_ãr ÇÌÐÈ ÏmŠÏZøóム×bù'x© 7‹Í´tBöqtƒ öNåk÷]ÏiB <›Í•öD$# Èe@ä3Ï9 [ ÇÍËÈ äot•yfxÿø9$# äot•xÿs3ø9$# æLèe y7Í´¯»s9'ré& ÇÍÊÈ îouŽtIs% $ygà)ydö•s? ÇÍÉÈ ×ouŽy9xî $pköŽn=tæ >‹Í´tBöqtƒ
ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺦ ﺍﻵﺫﺍﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﺎﺩ ﺗﺼﻤﻬﺎ ،ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻔﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺀ ﻫﺎﺭﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻭﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ؛ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳋﻄﺐ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻞ . ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻣﺮﺉ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻏﲑﻩ . ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻀﻴﺌﺔ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻓﺮﺣﺔ ﺿﺎﺣﻜﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺒﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺳﺮﻭﺭ ،ﻭﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﺫﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺣﺰﻥ ﻭﻇﻠﻤﺔ .ﻓﺄﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ﺍﳌﻐﱪﺓ ﺍﳌﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ،ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻯ ،ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻼﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ؛ ﻫﺮﺏ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﺑﺎﺋﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻩ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﳘﻮﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ،ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ : ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ! ﺣﱴ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻴﺴﻰ uﻳﻘﻮﻝ " :ﻻ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ،ﺇﻻ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ،ﻻ ﺃﺳﺄﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﻟﺪﺗﲏ " . ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﻫﻞ ﺗﻔﻜﺮﺕ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ؟ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ؟ -٢ﺇﻥ ﻫﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ؟ .
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ،ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻳﺒﻌﺚﹸ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻔﹶﺎﺓﹰ ﻋﺮﺍﺓﹰ ﻏﹸﺮﻻﹰ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻟﹶﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔﹸ ﻓﹶﻜﹶﻴﻒ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻌﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ } ﻟﻜﹸﻞﱢ ﺍﻣﺮﹺﺉﹴ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺷﺄﹾﻥﹲ ﻳﻐﻨﹺﻴﻪ (( { ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ :ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻠﹾـﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀُ ﻳﻨﻈﹸﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺑﻌﺾﹴ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺄﹶﻣﺮ ﺃﹶﺷﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻬﹺﻤﻬﻢ ﺫﹶﺍﻙ
((
ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٣ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻳﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ) ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ( ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ
)) : ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﺧﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻤﺮﹺ ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺪﺭﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧﹺﻴﺔﹸ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻟﹶﻮﻥ ﺃﹶﺣﺴﻦﹺ ﻛﹶﻮﻛﹶﺐﹴ
ﺩﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀِ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﺗﺪﺧﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻤﺮﹺ ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺪﺭﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺁﺛﹶﺎﺭﹺﻫﻢ ﻛﹶﺄﹶﺣﺴﻦﹺ ﻛﹶﻮﻛﹶﺐﹴ ﺩﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀِ ﺇﹺﺿﺎﺀَﺓﹰ ..ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺋﻞ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ . -٤ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ .ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ
ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﱪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺘﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻳﻠﹾﻘﹶﻰ ﺇﹺﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺃﹶﺑﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺁﺯﺭ ﻗﹶﺘﺮﺓﹲ ﻭﻏﹶﺒﺮﺓﹲ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺒﲔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻓﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﲑ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﺰﻧﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ، ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺒﺢ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ .ﻭﻫﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻌﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ؟ ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] )ôMn=ÏeÜãã â‘$t±Ïèø9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÌÈ ôNuŽÉi•ß™ ãA$t7Ågø:$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇËÈ ôNu‘y‰s3R$# ãPqàf–Y9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÊÈ ôNu‘Èhqä. ߧ÷K¤±9$# #sŒÎ äoyŠ¼âäöqyJø9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÐÈ ôMy_Íirã— â¨qàÿ‘Z9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÏÈ ôNt•Édfß™ â‘$ysÎ7ø9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÎÈ ôNuŽÅ³ãm Þ¸qãmâqø9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÍÈ ™ãLìÅspgø:$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÊÊÈ ôMsÜϱä. âä!$uK¡¡9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÊÉÈ ôNuŽÅ³èS ß#ßs•Á9$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÒÈ ôMn=ÏGè% 5=/RsŒ Äd“r'Î/ ÇÑÈ ôMn=Í´ß ™[ ÇÊÍÈ ôNuŽ|Øômr& !$¨B Ó§øÿtR ôMuHÍ>tã ÇÊÌÈ ôMxÿÏ9ø—é& èp¨Zpgø:$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÊËÈ ôNt•Ïièß
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺃﻇﻠﻤﺖ ،ﻭﻟﹸﻔﹼﺖ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﺿﻮﺀﻫﺎ ،ﻭﲨﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ،ﻓﺮﻣﻲ ﺎ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻄﺖ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮﺕ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺳﲑﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﺴﻔﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺩﻛﺖ ﻭﺧﻔﱠﺖ ﺣﱴ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻛﺎﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﻮﺵ . ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﺖ ﻭﺳﻴﺒﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻮﺵ ﲨﻌﺖ ﻟﻴﻘﺘﺺ ﻟﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﺃﻭﻗﺪﺕ ،ﻓﺼﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺗﺄﺟﺞ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ﻗﹸﺮﹺﻧﺖ ﺑﺄﺟﺴﺎﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺴﺪﻫﺎ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﻓﻨﺖ ﺣﻴﺔ ،ﺳﺌﻠﺖ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺫﻧﺐ ﻗﺘﻠﺖ ﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻭﺗﻮﺑﻴﺨﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﺎﺗﻠﻬﺎ . ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﻧﺸﺮﺕ ﻓﺄﹸﻋﻄﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ؛ ﻟﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﹸﺟﺘﺬﺑﺖ ﻭﺑﺪﻟﺖ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺃﹸﻭﻗﺪﺕ ﻭﺃﹸﲪﻴﺖ ؛ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ . ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻗﹸﺮﺑﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﻳﻨﺖ ﳍﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﹰ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ . ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻠﻪ :ﻓﻔﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﲔ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺲﹴ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮ ،ﻭﺃﹸﺣﻀﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳍﺎ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻏـﺐ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﻈـﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﺄﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻌـﲔ ﻓﺎﻗﺮﺃ ) :ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻛﻮﺭﺕ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻻﻧﻔﻄﺎﺭ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎﻕ ( ؛ ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )) : ﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻩ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻈﹸﺮ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻳﻮﻡﹺ
ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﹶﺄﹶﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﹾﻱ ﻋﻴﻦﹴ ﻓﹶﻠﹾﻴﻘﹾﺮﺃﹾ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻛﹸﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀُ ﺍﻧﻔﹶﻄﹶﺮﺕ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀُ ﺍﻧﺸﻘﱠﺖ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ! ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ .ﻓﺎﻋﺘﱪ ﻭﺍﺗﻌﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ! ﻭﺧﺬ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﻭﻴﺄ ﻟﻪ .ﻭﻓﹼﻘﻚ ﺍﷲ . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻣﺴﺨﺮﺍﻥ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻤﺮ ﻣﻜﹶﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ) :ﺣﺪﺛﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻮ
ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺛﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻜﻮﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ (( ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ :ﻣﺎ ﺫﻧﺒﻬﻤﺎ ؟ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ :ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻓﺴﻜﺖ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ( .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺰﺍﺭ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﻟﺴﻲ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٣ﲢﺮﱘ ﻭﺃﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺃﺩ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ : ﺃ -ﺍﻟﻮﺃﺩ :ﻫﻮ ﻗﺘﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﺀً ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﺫﻛﻮﺭﺍﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻧﺎﺛﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﻢ . ﺏ -ﺍﻟﻮﺃﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺒﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ .ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )) :ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺭﺟﻞﹲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻧﺐﹺ ﺃﹶﻛﹾﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ:
ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺪﻋﻮ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻧﹺﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﹶﻘﹶﻚ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﻱ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻘﹾﺘﻞﹶ ﻭﻟﹶﺪﻙ ﻣﺨﺎﻓﹶﺔﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻄﹾﻌﻢ ﻣﻌﻚ (( ﺻﺤﻴﺢ . ﺝ -ﺳﺌﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )) :ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﺃﹾﺩ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻔﻲ ﻭﻫﻮ )) ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺀُﻭﺩﺓﹸ ﺳﺌﻠﹶﺖ ((
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧـﻲ ،ﺃﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻝ ،ﻷﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻫﺔ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ )) : ﻛﹸﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﺰﹺﻝﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹸ ﻳﻨﺰﹺﻝﹸ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺰﻝﹸ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻟﻢ
ﻳﻔﹾﻌﻞﹸ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﹶﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﻔﹾﺲ ﻣﺨﻠﹸﻮﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﻘﹸﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ . ﺩ -ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﻋﻤﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻧﻔﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﺃﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ) (١٢٠ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ،ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﹰ ﳏﺮﻣﺎﹰ . ﻫـ -ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎﹰ ؛ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺧﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ،ﳏﺮﻡ . ﻭ -ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳉﻨﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﲔ ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ،ﻻ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ )ﻫﻮ ﻧﻄﻔﺔ( ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ ،ﺟﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ،ﺑﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ ،ﻭﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺯ -ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻃﺒﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺮﺿﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﺩﻟﺔ : ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ! ﻓﻼ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﺗﻴﻜﻢ ،ﺇﻻ ﺑﻔﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﱪﻳﻦ ،ﻷﻥ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ " ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻹﰒ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭﺍﻥ " ،ﻓﺎﺣﺬﺭﻭﺍ ! ﺭﲪﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ . -٤ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﺏ ﻷﻫﻠﻬﺎ )ﺃﺯﻟﻔﺖ( ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻓﺎﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ،ﻭﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ . * ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ : ﺃ – ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﺷﺠﺮﺓﹲ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻭﺳﺎﻗﹸﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺫﻫﺐﹴ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ
) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( . ﺏ – ﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ rﻋﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻗﺎﻝ :
))
ﻟﹶﺒﹺﻨﺔﹲ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﺔ ﻭﻟﹶﺒﹺﻨﺔﹲ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺫﻫﺐﹴ ﻭﻣﻼﻃﹸﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻚ ﺍﻷﺫﹾﻓﹶﺮ
ﻭﺣﺼﺒﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﺆﻟﹸﺆ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻴﺎﻗﹸﻮﺕ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻋﻔﹶﺮﺍﻥﹸ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﻳﻨﻌﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺒﺄﹶﺱ ﻭﻳﺨﻠﹸﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻮﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺒﻠﹶﻰ ﺛﻴﺎﺑﻬﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻔﹾﻨﻰ ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻬﻢ . (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻭﺑﻌﻀﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .
ﺝ – ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﹶﺔﹸ ﺻﻒ ﺛﹶﻤﺎﻧﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﻭﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﹺ ﺍﻷﻣﻢﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
ﺩ -ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ؛ ﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻗﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ )) : ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ
ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹸﺫﹸﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﹶﻨﺎﺀِ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ ﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﻭﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻸ ﺃﹸﺫﹸﻧﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﹶﻨﺎﺀِ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ ﺷﺮﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﻫـ -ﺃﺧــﻲ ،ﲤﺴﻚ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻼﻡ ) ﺍﺳﺘﺴﻠﻢ ﷲ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻙ ( ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ )) : ﺇﹺﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻧﻔﹾﺲ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔﹲ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] ¼çm¯RÎ) ÇÊÑÈ }§¤ÿuZs? #sŒÎ) Ëxö6•Á9$#ur ÇÊÐÈ }§yèó¡tã #sŒÎ) È@ø‹©9$#ur ÇÊÏÈ Ä§¨Yä3ø9$# Í‘#uqpgø:$# ÇÊÎÈ Ä§¨Zèƒø:$$Î/ ãNÅ¡ø%é& Ixsù /ä3ç6Ïm$|¹ $tBur ÇËÊÈ &ûüÏBr& §NrO 8í$sÜ•B ÇËÉÈ &ûüÅ3tB ĸö•yèø9$# “ÏŒ y‰ZÏã >o§qè% “ÏŒ ÇÊÒÈ 5OƒÌ•x. 5Aqß™u‘ ãAöqs)s9 9`»sÜø‹x© ÉAöqs)Î/ uqèd $tBur ÇËÍÈ &ûüÏYŸÒÎ/ É=ø‹tóø9$# ’n?tã uqèd $tBur ÇËÌÈ ÈûüÎ7çRùQ$# È,èùW{$$Î/ çn#uäu‘ ô‰s)s9ur ÇËËÈ 5bqãZôfyJÎ/ ‘§_$tBur ÇËÑÈ tLìÉ)tGó¡o„ br& öNä3ZÏB uä!$x© `yJÏ9 ÇËÐÈ tûüÏHs>»yèù=Ïj9 Ö•ø.ÏŒ žwÎ) uqèd ÷bÎ) ÇËÏÈ tbqç7ydõ‹s? tûøïr'sù ÇËÎÈ 5OŠÅ @[ ÇËÒÈ šúüÏJn=»yèø9$# •>u‘ ª!$# uä!$t±o„ br& HwÎ) tbrâä!$t±n
ﻓﺄﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺘﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ،ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ،ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻼﻛﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺗﻀﻲﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻈﻼﻣﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻏﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻭﺃﺩﺑﺮ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺑﺪﺍ ﻧﻮﺭﻩ ،ﻭﻃﻠﻊ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺒﲔ ﺿﻮﺀﻩ ،ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ :ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ، uﻣﻦ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ، rﻟﹶﺘﺒﻠﻴﻎﹸ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﱘ )ﺟﱪﻳﻞ . ( uﻭﺟﱪﻳﻞ uﺫﻭ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻄﺶ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ،ﻭﻟﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﻣﱰﻟﺔ ﺭﻓﻴﻌﺔ ،ﻭﻛﺮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻭﲤﻜﲔ ﰲ ﺇﺑﻼﻍ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ،ﻭﺗﻄﻴﻌﻪ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻣﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ . ﻭﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻜﻢ ) ﳏﻤﺪ ( rﲟﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻋﻘﻠﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻋﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ .ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺭﺃﻯ ﳏﻤﺪr ﺟﱪﻳﻞﹶ uﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺑﺎﻷﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﲔ ،ﻭﻟﻪ ﺳﺘﻤﺎﺋﺔ ﺟﻨﺎﺡ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺪ ﺍﻷﻓﻖ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ rﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ ﲞﻴﻞ ،ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ ﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻪ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ . ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺃﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﻧﺼﺢ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ . rﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﻘﻮﻝ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺭﺟﻴﻢ ،ﺑﻞ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ )) ﻭﺇﹺﻧﺎ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻟﹶﺤﺎﻓﻈﹸﻮﻥﹶ (( ﻓﻼ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﳍﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ )) ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ
ﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥﹶ (( . ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﺗﺬﻫﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺿﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻭﺗﻜﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ؟ ﺇﻧﻜﻢ ﺇﻥ ﺫﻫﺒﺘﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺿﻠﻠﺘﻢ ﻭﻫﻠﻜﺘﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻮﻋﻈﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ،ﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﲢﺮﻯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ . rﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﺎﺀﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ،ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻓﻤﺸﻴﺌﺘﻜﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﻳﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ،ﰲ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ :
))
ﺻﻠﱠﻴﺖ ﺧﻠﹾﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﺠﺮ ﻓﹶﺴﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﺎ ﺃﹸﻗﹾﺴِﻢ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﺨﻨﺲﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻮﺍﺭﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹸﻨﺲﹺ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٢ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ )ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ( :ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ،ﻛﺮﱘ ،ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ،ﻣﻜﲔ ،ﻣﻄﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ،ﺃﻣﲔ . -٣ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ : ﺃ -ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ )) ﺗﻨﺰﹺﻳﻞﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦﹺ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢﹺ (( ﻭﻏﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ .ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ
ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ -ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ – ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀً .ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔﹰ ،ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ ) ﻏﲑ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ( . ﺏ -ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ u
) )( &ûüÅ3tB ĸö•yèø9$# “ÏŒ y‰ZÏã >o§qè% “ÏŒ ÇÊÒÈ 5OƒÌ•x. 5Aqß™u‘ ãAöqs)s9 ¼çm¯RÎ
ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ uﺇﱃ ﳏﻤﺪ ، rﻭﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ .
ﺝ – ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﳏﻤﺪ ) rﺇﹺﻧﻪ ﻟﹶﻘﹶﻮﻝﹸ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹴ ﻛﹶﺮﹺﱘﹴ ) (٤٠ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﹺﻘﹶﻮﻝﹺ ﺷﺎﻋﺮﹴ ﻗﹶﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﻣﺎ
ﺗﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥﹶ ( ﻭﻫﻲ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻎ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ rﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ . -٤ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺍﷲ ،ﻧﺰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ) ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ) rﺍﻷﻣﲔ ( ،ﻭﺑﻠﻐﻪ ﳏﻤﺪ rﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﹸﻧﺰﻝ
ﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺃﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ) : rﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﱠ ﺃﹶﺻﺪﻕ ﺍﻟﹾ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ؟ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻓﻼﺡ ﻭﻓﻮﺯ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ . rﻓﻠﻴﺪﺭﺱ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ،ﰲ ﲤﺴﻜﻪ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ . -٥ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﻣﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﻓﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﻛﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺄ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ " ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻲﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻋﻠﹾﻴﹺﻪ ﻭﺳﻔﹾﻠﻪ ﺇﻻ ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺘﻪ " .
ﻭﺍﳌﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺻﻔﺔ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻧﺜﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ) :ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻛﹶﻤﺜﹾﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀٌ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺼﲑ. (
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk
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$tB tbqçHs>ôètƒ ÇÊÊÈ tûüÎ6ÏF»x. $YB#t•Ï. ÇÊÉÈ tûüÏàÏÿ»ptm: öNä3ø‹n=tæ ¨bÎ)ur ÇÒÈ ÈûïÏe$!$$Î/ tbqç/Éj‹s3è? ö@t/ žxx. ?[ ÇÊËÈ tbqè=yèøÿs
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻘﻘﺖ ،ﻭﻓﹸﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ؛ ﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺗﺴﺎﻗﻄﺖ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﺛﺮﺕ ،ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭ ﻓﹸﺠﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ،ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻂ ﻋﺬﺎ ﲟﺎﳊﻬﺎ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺜﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺎ ؛ ﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ،ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻁ :ﺣﲔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻤﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ
ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺮﺗﻪ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﱂ ﺗﻘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺒﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ . ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺧﺪﻋﻚ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﲡﺮﺃﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ؟ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺳﻮﻳﺎﹰ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻣﺘﻚ ،ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺘﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ،ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﻣﺘﻚ .ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺭﻛﱠﺒﻚ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ،ﺑﺄﻥ ﻗﺼﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﻃﻮﻟﻚ ،ﺃﻭ ﺟﻌﻠﻚ ﺫﻛﺮﺍﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺃﹸﻧﺜﻰ ،ﺃﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ، ﻓﻼ ﻳﺼﺮﻓﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ . ﻛﻼ ! ﺇﳕﺎ ﳛﻤﻠﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ،ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺒﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ،ﻭﺟﻬﻠﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻧﻘﻤﺘﻪ ﳑﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ . ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺣﻔﻈﺔ ،ﳛﻔﻈﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺍﻣﻠﺌﻮﺍ ﺻﺤﺎﺋﻔﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ .ﻭﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ .ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻦ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ؛ ﳌﺎ ﺃﻃﻠﻌﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻜﻢ . ٢٨
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﻳﻘﻮﻝ )) : rﻣﻦ ﺳﺮﻩ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻈﹸﺮ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻳﻮﻡﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﹶﹶﺄﻧﻪ ﺭﺃﹾﻱ ﻋﻴﻦﹴ ﻓﹶﻠﹾﻴﻘﹾﺮﺃﹾ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻛﹸﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀُ ﺍﻧﻔﹶﻄﹶﺮﺕ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀُ ﺍﻧﺸﻘﱠﺖ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ! ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ . -٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ :ﺇﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ ً ﻳﻜﺘﺒﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ،ﻓﻠﻨﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ! ﻭﻟﺘﻜﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﳘﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﻨﺔ ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺿﻌﺎﻑ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻨﻪ ) rﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( . ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺒﲔ ،ﻭﻟﻴﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ .
-٣ﺃﺧـﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﻣﻸ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﺘـﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺴﺮ :
)) ﻃﹸﻮﺑﻰ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺤﻴﻔﹶﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﹶﺎﺭﺍ ﻛﹶﺜﲑﺍ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
٢٩
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] )$pk÷]tã öNèd $tBur ÇÊÎÈ ÈûïÏd‰9$# tPöqtƒ $pktXöqn=óÁtƒ ÇÊÍÈ 5OŠÏtrb ’Å"s9 u‘$£Úàÿø9$# ¨bÎ)ur ÇÊÌÈ 5OŠÏètR ’Å"s9 u‘#t•ö/F{$# ¨bÎ Ó§øÿtR à7Î=ôJs? Ÿw tPöqtƒ ÇÊÑÈ ÉúïÏe$!$# ãPöqtƒ $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tB §NèO ÇÊÐÈ ÈûïÏd‰9$# ãPöqtƒ $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÊÏÈ tûüÎ6ͬ!$tóÎ/ [ ÇÊÒÈ °! 7‹Í´tBöqtƒ ã•øBF{$#ur ( $\«ø‹x© <§øÿuZÏj9
ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﻃﺎﻋﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻟﻔﻲ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ،ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﻛﺮﱘ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ، ﺍﳌﻜﺬﺑﲔ ﺑﻪ ،ﻟﻔﻲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻳﺬﻭﻗﻮﻥ ﺣﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ .ﻭﻫﻢ ﺳﻴﺪﺧﻠﻮﺎ ﺣﺘﻤﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻻ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )) ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﹺﺨﺎﺭﹺﺟﹺﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ (( . ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ؟ ﰒ ﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ؟! ﺇﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ، ﻓﻔﻲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻧﻔﺲ ،ﻭﻻ ﺧﻼﺻﻬﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﷲ ،ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﺯﻋﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺍﺭ ﻟﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ) ﰲ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ( ،ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﳚﺪ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺣﲔ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ ،ﺣﱴ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻳﺒﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ : ))
ﺍﺧﺮﺟﹺﻲ ﺃﹶﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﹾﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴﺒﺔﹸ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴﺐﹺ ﺍﺧﺮﺟﹺﻲ ﺣﻤﻴﺪﺓﹰ ﻭﺃﹶﺑﺸﺮﹺﻱ ﺑﹺﺮﻭﺡﹴ ﻭﺭﻳﺤﺎﻥ
ﻭﺭﺏ ﹶﻏﻴﺮﹺ ﻏﹶﻀﺒﺎﻥﹶ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ
))
ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞﹸ
ﺤﻤﻴﻢﹴ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀُ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﺧﺮﺟﹺﻲ ﺃﹶﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﹾﺲ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﺒﹺﻴﺜﹶﺔﹸ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﺒﹺﻴﺚ ﺍﺧﺮﺟﹺﻲ ﹶﺫﻣﻴﻤﺔﹰ ﻭﺃﹶﺑﺸﺮﹺﻱ ﺑﹺ ﻭ ﹶﻏﺴﺎﻕﹴ ﻭﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻜﹾﻠﻪ ﺃﹶﺯﻭﺍﺝ .... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( . -٢
ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ،ﺃﻧﻘﺬﻭﺍ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ،ﻭﻧﺒﻬﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﺈﻧﻘﺎﺫ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ؛ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ
ﺍﷲ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻴﻪ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ﻛﹶﻌﺐﹺ ﺑﻦﹺ ﻟﹸﺆﻱ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹸﺴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ﻣﺮﺓﹶ ﺑﻦﹺ
ﻛﹶﻌﺐﹴ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹸﺴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺷﻤﺲﹴ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹸﺴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻑ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹸﺴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ﻫﺎﺷﻢﹴ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹸﺴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻨﹺﻲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻄﱠﻠﺐﹺ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹸﺴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻳﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﻃﻤﺔﹸ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﹾﺴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻲ ﻻ ﺃﹶﻣﻠﻚ ﻟﹶﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻏﹶﻴﺮ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻟﹶﻜﹸﻢ ﺭﺣﻤﺎ ﺳﺄﹶﺑﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﺒﻼﻟﻬﺎ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ .
-٣ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ،ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻝ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻌﺬ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻓﻔﻲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻠﺖ ﰈ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻳﻔﺘﺘﺢ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ،ﻗﺎﻟﺖ : )) ﻳﻜﹶﺒﺮ ﻋﺸﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺸﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﻋﺸﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﻬﻠﱢﻞﹸ ﻋﺸﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻋﺸﺮﺍ ﻭﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻫﺪﻧﹺﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﺯﻗﹾﻨﹺﻲ ﻭﻋﺎﻓﻨﹺﻲ ﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻴﻖﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻘﹶﺎﻡﹺ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] öNèdqçRy—¨r rr& öNèdqä9$x. #sŒÎ)ur ÇËÈ tbqèùöqtGó¡o„ Ĩ$¨Z9$# ’n?tã (#qä9$tGø.$# #sŒÎ) tûïÏ%©!$# ÇÊÈ tûüÏÿÏeÿsÜßJù=Ïj9 ×@÷ƒur †tûüÏHs>»yèø9$# Éb>t•Ï9 â¨$¨Z9$# ãPqà)tƒ tPöqtƒ ÇÎÈ 8LìÏàtã BQöqu‹Ï9 ÇÍÈ tbqèOqãèö6¨B Nåk¨Xr& y7Í´¯»s9'ré& •`Ýàtƒ Ÿwr& ÇÌÈ tbrçŽÅ£øƒä 7‹Í´tBöqtƒ ×@÷ƒur ÇÒÈ ×Pqè%ó•£D Ò=»tGÏ. ÇÑÈ ×ûüÅng¾ž $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÐÈ &ûüÉiÚÅ™ ’Å"s9 Í‘$¤fàÿø9$# |=»tGÏ. ¨bÎ) Hxx. ÇÏÈ 4’n?÷Gè? #sŒÎ) ÇÊËÈ AOŠÏOr& >‰tG÷èãB ‘@ä. žwÎ) ÿ¾ÏmÎ/ Ü>Éj‹s3ム$tBur ÇÊÊÈ ÈûïÏe$!$# ÇPöqu‹Î/ tbqç/Éj‹s3ムtûïÏ%©!$# ÇÊÉÈ tûüÎ/Éj‹s3ÞJù=Ïj9 öNåk¨XÎ) Hxx. ÇÊÍÈ tbqç6Å¡õ3tƒ (#qçR%x. $¨B NÍkÍ5qè=è% 4’n?tã tb#u‘ 2ö@t/ ( žxx. ÇÊÌÈ tûüÏ9¨rF{$# 玕ÏÜ»y™r& tA$s% $uZçF»tƒ#uä Ïmø‹n=tã ¾ÏmÎ/ LäêYä. “Ï%©!$# #x‹»yd ãA$s)ム§NèO ÇÊÏÈ ËLìÅspgø:$# (#qä9$|Ás9 öNåk¨XÎ) §NèO ÇÊÎÈ tbqç/qàfóspR°Q 7‹Í´tBöqtƒ öNÍkÍh5§‘ `tã
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ﻫﻼﻙ ﻭﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﳌﻦ ﻳﻐﺸﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﺎﻟﻮﺍ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺍ .ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻛﺘﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ
،ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻣﻼﹰ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻟﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺯﻧﻮﺍ ﳍﻢ ،ﻳﻨﻘﺼﻮﻥ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ .ﺃﻻ ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﳌﻄﻔﻔﻮﻥ ﺃﻢ ﺳﻴﺒﻌﺜﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﳚﺎﺯﻳﻬﻢ ﺭﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﻭﺗﻄﻔﻴﻔﻬﻢ . ﺳﻴﺒﻌﺜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻟﻔﺰﻉ ﻭﺍﳍﻮﻝ ،ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻮﺭﻫﻢ ،ﺣﻔﺎﺓ ً ﻋﺮﺍﺓ ﻏﺮﻻﹰ ،ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ،ﺻﻌﺐ ﺣﺮﺝ ،ﺿﻨﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺮﻣﲔ .ﻛﻼ ! ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺧﺴﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺤﻘﻮﻕ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ ،ﰲ ﺳﺠﻞ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ،ﰲ ﺳﺠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ .ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﱪﻙ ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ؟ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﻗﻮﻡ ،ﻣﻔﺮﻭﻍ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﺩ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺀ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ . ﻫﻼﻙ ﻭﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺬﺑﲔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺚ ،ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺘﺪ ﻇﺎﱂ ،ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﻹﰒ ،ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻠﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻱ ﺍﻷﺛﻴﻢ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻗﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﻃﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﲔ ،ﻛﻼ ! ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺯﻋﻢ ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﻏﻄﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻮﻢ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﻭﻏﺸﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ؛ ﻓﺤﺠﺒﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻻﻫﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﻪ ،ﻛﻼ ! ﺇﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﳏﺠﻮﺑﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻢ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﺮﻭﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻧﻜﺎﻳﺔﹰ ﻢ ،ﻭﺇﻫﺎﻧﺔﹰ ﳍﻢ . ﰒ ﺇﻢ ﺳﻴﺤﺮﻗﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﰒ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ :ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻜﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ،ﻓﺬﻭﻗﻮﻩ ﻭﲡﺮﻋﻮﺍ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻛﻔﺮﻛﻢ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻔﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻞ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﺭﻉ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻄﻔﻒ -ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﲑﻩ -ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﳍﻼﻙ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ . ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻛﻴﺎﻻﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺯﺍﻧﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﻋﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﳏﺎﺳﺒﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻓﻠﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ )) ﻭﻳﻞﹲ ﻟﻠﹾﻤﻄﹶﻔﱢﻔﲔ )) (( ﻭﺃﹶﻭﻓﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻴﻞﹶ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥﹶ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻘﺴﻂ. ((
-٢ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ )) ﻟﻴﻮﻡﹴ ﻋﻈﻴﻢﹴ ) (٥ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺎﻟﹶﻤﲔ. (( (٦)
ﻓﻌﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﲰﻌﺖ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻳﻘﻮﻝ )) :ﺗﺪﻧﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻠﹾﻖﹺ ﺣﺘﻰ
ﺗﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻛﹶﻤﻘﹾﺪﺍﺭﹺ ﻣﻴﻞﹴ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺳﻠﹶﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮﹴ ﻓﹶﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺩﺭﹺﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻨﹺﻲ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻤﻴﻞﹺ ﺃﹶﻣﺴﺎﻓﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻷﺭﺽﹺ ﺃﹶﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻴﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺗﻜﹾﺘﺤﻞﹸ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻴﻦ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻓﹶﻴﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﺪﺭﹺ ﺃﹶﻋﻤﺎﻟﻬﹺﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺮﻕﹺ ﻓﹶﻤﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻛﹶﻌﺒﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺭﻛﹾﺒﺘﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺣﻘﹾﻮﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻠﹾﺠﹺﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺮﻕ ﺇﹺﻟﹾﺠﺎﻣﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )) )) : ﻳﻮﻡ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻟﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺎﻟﹶﻤﲔ (( ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻐﻴﺐ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺷﺤﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻧﺼﺎﻑ ﺃﹸﺫﹸﻧﻴﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٣ﺗﻌﻮﺫ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﻪ rﺃﻧﻪ )) ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺘﻌﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ .
-٤ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﳛﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ؛ ﳋﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ :
)) ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺧﻄﹶﺄﹶ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﹶﺔﹰ ﻧﻜﺘﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺒﹺﻪ ﻧﻜﹾﺘﺔﹲ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀُ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺰﻉ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﹶﺮ ﻭﺗﺎﺏ ﺳﻘﻞﹶ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺒﻪ ﻭﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻋﺎﺩ ﺯﹺﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﹸﻮ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺒﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻥﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺫﹶﻛﹶﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ )) ﻛﹶﻼ ﺑﻞﹾ ﺭﺍﻥﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻗﹸﻠﹸﻮﺑﹺﻬﹺﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻜﹾﺴِﺒﻮﻥﹶ (( (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺣﺴﻦ ( . ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ : ﺃ -ﺃﺫﻧﺐ ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺖ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ،ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻭﻧﺰﻉ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺼﻘﻞ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ. ﺏ -ﺃﺫﻧﺐ ﻓﻨﻜﺘﺖ ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ ﻧﻜﺘﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ،ﻭﱂ ﻳﺘﺐ ،ﻭﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ،ﻓﺘﺮﺍﻛﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻌﻠﻮﻩ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻥ .ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ . ٣٤
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-٥ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺬ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﰒ ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻴﻚ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﻡ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ : )) ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﺘﻌﻮﺫ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺄﰒ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ؟ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ) : rﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺄﹾﺛﹶﻢﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻐﺮﻡﹺ ( .
-٦ﺇﺛﺒـﺎﺕ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺭﻢ ﺳﺒﺤـﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺮﻳﺮ :
))
ﺇﹺﻧﻜﹸﻢ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﺭﺑﻜﹸﻢ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﺗﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻤﺮ ﻻ ﺗﻀﺎﻣﻮﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﹾ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﹶﻌﺘﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻻ ﺗﻐﻠﹶﺒﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ
ﺻﻼﺓ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﻃﹸﻠﹸﻮﻉﹺ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲﹺ ﻭﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﹸﻏﺮﻭﺑﹺﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﻓﹾﻌﻠﹸﻮﺍ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] çn߉pkô¶tƒ ÇËÉÈ ×Pqè%ó•£D Ò=»tGÏ. ÇÊÒÈ tbq•‹Ïk=Ïã $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÊÑÈ šúüÍhŠÏk=Ïæ ’Å"s9 Í‘#t•ö/F{$# |=»tGÏ. ¨bÎ) Hxx. nouŽôØtR óOÎgÏdqã_ãr ’Îû ß$Í•÷ès? ÇËÌÈ tbrã•ÝàZtƒ Å7ͬ!#u‘F{$# ’n?tã ÇËËÈ AO‹ÏètR ’Å"s9 u‘#t•ö/F{$# ¨bÎ) ÇËÊÈ tbqç/§•s)çRùQ$# ÇËÏÈ tbqÝ¡Ïÿ»oYtGßJø9$# ħsù$uZoKu‹ù=sù y7Ï9ºsŒ ’Îûur 4 Ô7ó¡ÏB ¼çmßJ»tFÅz ÇËÎÈ BQqçG÷‚¨B 9,‹Ïm§‘ `ÏB tböqs)ó¡ç„ ÇËÍÈ ÉOŠÏè¨Z9$# tûïÏ%©!$# z`ÏB (#qçR%x. (#qãBt•ô_r& šúïÏ%©!$# ¨bÎ) ÇËÑÈ šcqç/§•s)ßJø9$# $pkÍ5 Ü>uŽô³o„ $YZøŠtã ÇËÐÈ AOŠÏ^ó¡n@ `ÏB ¼çmã_#z–ÉDur ÇÌÊÈ tûüÎgÅ3sù (#qç7n=s)R$# ÞOÎgÎ=÷dr& #’n<Î) (#þqç7n=s)R$# #sŒÎ)ur ÇÌÉÈ tbrâ“tB$tótGtƒ öNÍkÍ5 (#r”•tB #sŒÎ)ur ÇËÒÈ tbqä3ysôÒtƒ (#qãZtB#uä (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# tPöqu‹ø9$$sù ÇÌÌÈ tûüÏàÏÿ»ym öNÍköŽn=tã (#qè=Å™ö‘é& !$tBur ÇÌËÈ tbq—9!$ŸÒs9 ÏäIwàs¯»yd ¨bÎ) (#þqä9$s% öNèd÷rr&u‘ #sŒÎ)ur [ ÇÌÏÈ tbqè=yèøÿtƒ (#qçR%x. $tB â‘$¤ÿä3ø9$# z>ÈhqèO ö@yd ÇÌÎÈ tbrã•ÝàZtƒ Å7ͬ!#u‘F{$# ’n?tã ÇÌÍÈ tbqä3ysôÒtƒ Í‘$¤ÿä3ø9$# z`ÏB
ﻛﻼ ! ﺇﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺼﲔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ،ﺳﺠﻞ ﻭﻛﹸﺘﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻴﲔ ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺴﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﻣﻜﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻗﺪ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺋﻬﻢ ،ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﲰﺎﺀ . ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﺼﲔ ،ﻟﻔﻲ ﻧﻌﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ،ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﺔ ،ﻭﺍﳊﺸﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻌﻢ .ﻳﺴﻘﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺮ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻔﺘﺤﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻫﻮ ،ﺧﻠﻄﻪ ﻣﺴﻚ .ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﲑ . ﻭﻣﺰﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﺏ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻪ ﺗﺴﻨﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲨﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺃﻟﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﻨﻴﻢ ﻫﻮ :ﻋﲔ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺮﻓﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺗﻤﺰﺝ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻣﺰﺟﺎﹰ . ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺮ ،ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﺴﺨﺮﻭﻥ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻬﺰﺋﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﳛﺘﻘﺮﻭﻢ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺗﻐﺎﻣﺰﻭﺍ ﺑﺄﻋﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﺍﺣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺰﺍﺀً ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﻮﻢ ؛ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﺮﺣﲔ ﻣﻌﺠﺒﲔ ﺑﺄﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﻮﺍﳍﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺰﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻗﺎﻟﻮﺍ :ﺇﻥ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻟﻀﺎﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ؛ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﻨﺎﻗﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ .ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻠﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﺇﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ .ﻓﻔﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻀﺤﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ،ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺮﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻠﺔ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ . ﻫﻞ ﺟﻮﺯﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺤﻚ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ؟ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺟﻮﺯﻭﺍ ﺑﻪ.
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ :ﻟﻴﺤﺮﺹ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ؛ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻴﲔ .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ )) :ﻓﹶﻴﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ﺍﻛﹾﺘﺒﻮﺍ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﺒﺪﻱ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻠﱢﻴﲔ
ﻭﺃﹶﻋﻴﺪﻭﻩ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺄﹶﺭﺽﹺ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺧﻠﹶﻘﹾﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﹸﻋﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﹺﺟﻬﻢ ﺗﺎﺭﺓﹰ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﻯ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺧﺰﳝﺔ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .
-٢ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻷﺑﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ )) : rﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻟﹶﻐﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻇﹸﻬﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻄﹸﻮﻧﹺﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻄﹸﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻇﹸﻬﻮﺭﹺﻫﺎ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻡ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﺃﹶﻋﺮﺍﺑﹺﻲ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻫﻲ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺎﻡ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺃﹶﻃﹶﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﹶﻃﹾﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﹶﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻡ ﻭﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻧﹺﻴ ٌ
ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺣﺴﻦ ( .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ )) : ﻭﺃﹶﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﻃﹶﻌﺎﻡﹴ ﻳﺄﹾﻛﹸﻠﹸﻪ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻓﹶﺰﹺﻳﺎﺩﺓﹸ ﻛﹶﺒﹺﺪ ﺍﳊﹸﻮﺕ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٣ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨـﺎﻓﺲ ) ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﰲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﲑ ( ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗـﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ
)) : ﺃﹶﻓﹶﻼ ﺃﹸﻋﻠﱢﻤﻜﹸﻢ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﹺﻛﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻘﹶﻜﹸﻢ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﹺﻘﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹶ ﺤﻤﺪﻭﻥﹶ ﺩﺑﺮ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﻣﻨﻜﹸﻢ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﻠﹶﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺗﺴﺒﺤﻮﻥﹶ ﻭﺗﻜﹶﺒﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﻭﺗ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺛﹶﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﹶﻼﺛﲔ ﻣﺮﺓﹰ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹶﺮﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻔﹶﺮﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍﻛﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻛﹶﺜﲑﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﱠﺍﻛﺮﺍﺕ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ
ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺷﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﲑ ،ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺎ . -٤ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﺰﺋﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ؛ ﳌﺎ ﳛﻤﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻯ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻳﻀﺤﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺴﺨﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ،ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺁﺕ ﻻ ﳏﺎﻟﺔ ،ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ،ﻓﻴﻀﺤﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﺮﻣﲔ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﻭﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ . ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺧﲑ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺗﺸﻘﻘﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺎ ﻟﱰﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﻌﺖ ﻟﺮﺎ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻋﺖ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ،ﻭﺣﻖ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ! ﻷﻧﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﳝﺎﻧﻊ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻬﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻭﺫﻝ ﻭﺧﻀﻊ ﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺴﻄﺖ ﻭﻓﹸﺮﺷﺖ ﻭﻣﺪﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﳝﺪ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ،ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﺑﻨﺎﺀً ﻭﻻ ﺟﺒﻼﹰ ،ﻭﺃﻟﻘﺖ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﻭﲣﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻘﺎﺩﺕ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺭﺎ ﻭﺃﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺣﻖ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ! ﻷﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻻ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻌﻘﺐ ﳊﻜﻤﻪ . ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺇﻧﻚ ﺳﺎﻉﹴ ﻛﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﳎﺘﻬﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺭﺑﻚ ،ﻭﺳﺘﺠﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﻭﻛﺴﺒﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺇﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺨﲑ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺸﺮ ،ﻓﻠﻴﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺮﺿﻲ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻋﻨﻚ .ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﹸﻋﻄﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ؛ ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﳛﺎﺳﺐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﺳﻬﻼﹰ ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ﻻ ﻧﻘﺎﺵ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺴﲑ ،ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺮﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻓﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﻓﺎﺋﺰﺍﹰ ﻣﻐﺘﺒﻄﺎﹰ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﺷﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺸﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻇﻬﺮﻩ ،ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻭﻳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺎﳍﻼﻙ ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ ،ﻭﳛﺮﻕ ﻭﻳﺸﻮﻯ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺷﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﱪ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺠﺎﺏ ﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﻻ ﻳﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻗﺐ ﻭﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﳑﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ؛ ﳉﺤﻮﺩﻩ ﳍﺎ .ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻴﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻭﳚﺎﺯﻳﻪ ،ﺑﻠﻰ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﻴﺒﻌﺜﻪ ﻭﳚﺎﺯﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﺷﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺼﲑﺍﹰ ﲝﺎﻟﻪ ،ﻣﻄﹼﻠﻌﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ،ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﻲﺀ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ )) ﺃﹶ ﺫﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻘﱠﺖ (( ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ )) ﺃﹶ ﺫﻧﺖ ﻟﺮﺑﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻘﱠﺖ ، (( ﻟﻜﻦ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ،ﻫﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﻌﻨﺎ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ،ﻓﺄﻃﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ ،ﺃﻥ ﻧﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺼﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺎﻉ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺼﻰ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺃﺛﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺩ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺮ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻪ )) : ﺃﹶﻻ ﻛﹸﻠﱡﻜﹸﻢ ﻳﺪﺧﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﺇﹺﻻﱠ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﺩ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻌﲑﹺ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﻪ(( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( . -٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﺩ )ﺑﺂﺧﺮﺗﻚ( ﻭﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ،ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ
ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ )) : ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻬﻤﻮﻡ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﻌﺒﺖ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻬﻤﻮﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﺣﻮﺍﻝﹺ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺒﺎﻝﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﻱ ﺃﹶﻭﺩﻳﺘﻪ ﻫﻠﹶﻚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺣﺴﻦ( . -٣ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻗﺶ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﺬﹼﺏ ،ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﲑ :ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ :ﻗﺎﻝ
ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻋ ﱢﺬﺏ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹶﺖ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﺃﹶﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﹶﻰ )) :ﻓﹶﺴﻮﻑ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ )) : rﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻗﺶ ﺍﻟﹾ ﻳﺤﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎ ﻳﺴِﲑﺍ (( ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺮﺽ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . -٤ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﹸﺩﻉ ﺍﷲَ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ :ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﲏ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻳﺴﲑﺍ ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ )) :ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾﹺ ﺻﻼﺗﻪ:
))
ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﻨﹺﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎ ﻳﺴِﲑﺍ
((
ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻤﺎ
ﺍﻧﺼﺮﻑ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ : ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﺴِﲑ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ )) :ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻈﹸﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﻴﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺇﹺﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻗﺶ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔﹸ ﻫﻠﹶﻚ ((... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺍﻟﹾ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] ÇÊÒÈ 9,t7sÛ `tã $¸)t7sÛ ¨ûãùx.÷ŽtIs9 ÇÊÑÈ t,|¡¯@$# #sŒÎ) Ì•yJs)ø9$#ur ÇÊÐÈ t,y™ur $tBur È@ø‹©9$#ur ÇÊÏÈ È,xÿ¤±9$$Î/ ãNÅ¡ø%é& Ixsù (#rã•xÿx. tûïÏ%©!$# È@t/ ÇËÊÈ ) tbr߉àfó¡o„ Ÿw ãb#uäö•à)ø9$# ãNÍköŽn=tã x—Ì•è% #sŒÎ)ur ÇËÉÈ tbqãZÏB÷sムŸw öNçlm; $yJsù (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# žwÎ) ÇËÍÈ AOŠÏ9r& A>#x‹yèÎ/ Nèd÷ŽÅe³t7sù ÇËÌÈ šcqããqム$yJÎ/ ãNn=÷ær& ª!$#ur ÇËËÈ šcqç/Éj‹s3ム[ ÇËÎÈ ¥bqãYôJtB çŽö•xî í•ô_r& öNçlm; ÏM»ysÎ=»¢Á9$# (#qè=ÏJtãur
ﻓﺄﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﹸﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻓﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺮﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ،ﻭﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﲨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺏ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻏﻄﺎﻩ ﺑﻈﻼﻣﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﰎ ﻧﻮﺭﻩ ﻭﺃﺑﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ،ﻟﺘﻤﺮﻥ ﺣﺎﻻﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺎﻝ ،ﻓﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﰒ ﻣﻮﺕ ﰒ ﺑﻌﺚ ﻭﺟﺰﺍﺀ ،ﻭﻓﻘﺮ ﰒ ﻏﲎ ﻭﻏﲎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻘﺮ ،ﻭﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﰒ ﺷﻴﺨﻮﺧﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﻝ .
ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﳝﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻧﻴﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ؟ ﻭﻣﺎﳍﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﹸﺮﺉ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺠﺪﻭﻥ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﺬﻟﱡﻮﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﻴﻌﻮﻥ ؟ ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺠﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺩ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﻗﺔ ﷲ ،ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻖ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﺘﻤﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ،ﻭﻳﻀﻤﺮﻭﻥ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ،ﻓﺒﺸﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﱂ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ .ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ؛ ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻉ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺹ ،ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻖ ،ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺄﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻮ ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ ؟ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻴﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﹰ ،ﻭ ﻟﻴﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ؟ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺒﺎﺡ ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ . ﺑﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ،ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻟﻚ ،ﺑﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻥ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺌﺖ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﺻﻠﱡﻮﺍ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻐﺮﹺﺏﹺ ﺭﻛﹾﻌﺘﻴﻦﹺ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺻﻠﱡﻮﺍ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻐﺮﹺﺏﹺ ﺭﻛﹾﻌﺘﻴﻦﹺ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺷﺎﺀَ ﺧﺸﻴﺔﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺘﺨﺬﹶﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺳﻨﺔﹰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ،ﻭﻟﻠﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﳓﻮﻩ . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﹰ ،ﻓﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ١٥/١٤/١٣
ﺻﻤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﹺ ﺛﹶﻼﺛﹶﺔﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ )) : rﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﺑﺎ ﺫﹶﺭ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﻳﺎﻡﹴ ﻓﹶﺼﻢ ﺛﹶﻼﺙﹶ ﻋﺸﺮﺓﹶ ﻭﺃﹶﺭﺑﻊ ﻋﺸﺮﺓﹶ ﻭﺧﻤﺲ ﻋﺸﺮﺓﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
٤٢
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ÇÍÈ ÏŠr߉÷{W{$# Ü=»ptõ¾r& Ÿ@ÏFè% ÇÌÈ 7Šqåkô¶tBur 7‰Ïd$x©ur ÇËÈ ÏŠqããöqpRùQ$# ÏQöqu‹ø9$#ur ÇÊÈ ÆlrçŽã9ø9$# ÏN#sŒ Ïä!$uK¡¡9$#ur (#qßJs)tR $tBur ÇÐÈ ×Šqåkà- tûüÏZÏB÷sßJø9$$Î/ tbqè=yèøÿtƒ $tB 4’n?tã öNèdur ÇÏÈ ×Šqãèè% $pköŽn=tæ ö/ãf øŒÎ) ÇÎÈ ÏŠqè%uqø9$# ÏN#sŒ Í‘$¨Z9$# Èe@ä. 4’n?tã ª!$#ur 4 ÇÚö‘F{$#ur ÏNºuq»yJ¡¡9$# Û•ù=ãB ¼çms9 “Ï%©!$# ÇÑÈ Ï‰‹ÏJptø:$# Í“ƒÍ•yèø9$# «!$$Î/ (#qãZÏB÷sムbr& HwÎ) öNåk÷]ÏB «öNçlm;ur tL©èygy_ Ü>#x‹tã óOßgn=sù (#qç/qçGtƒ óOs9 §NèO ÏM»oYÏB÷sßJø9$#ur tûüÏZÏB÷sßJø9$# (#qãYtGsù tûïÏ%©!$# žcÎ) ÇÒÈ î‰‹Íky- &äóÓx y7Ï9ºsŒ 4 ã•»pk÷XF{$# $pkÉJøtrB `ÏB “Ì•øgrB ×M»¨Zy_ öNçlm; ÏM»ysÎ=»¢Á9$# (#qè=ÏHxåur (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# ¨bÎ) ÇÊÉÈ È,ƒÍ•ptø:$# Ü>#x‹tã [ ÇÊÊÈ çŽ•Î6s3ø9$# ã—öqxÿø9$#
ﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﻡ ،ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻮﻋﺪﺍ ً ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ،
ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ،ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ) ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ( ﻭﻣﺸﻬﻮﺩ )ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ( .ﻟﹸﻌﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﺧﺪﻭﺩ )ﺑﻨﺠﺮﺍﻥ( ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺣﻔﺮﺓﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻣﻸﻭﻫﺎ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﻗﺪﻭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳊﻔﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﺇﺫ ﻫﻢ ﻗﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﻌﻠﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺬﻳﺐ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ،ﻳﺒﺼﺮﻭﻥ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻕ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﺑﻮﺍ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﺇﳝﺎﻢ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻪ ،ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﺷﻬﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻳﻌﺬﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻮﺣﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﻄﻴﻌﻪ ؟ . ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﻨﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﺮﻗﻮﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻢ ،ﰒ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻮﺑﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳉﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻨﻴﻊ ؛ ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﲝﺮﻗﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ )) ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﹺﺨﺎﺭﹺﺟﹺﲔ
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ (( . ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ،ﳍﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﲡﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺎﺭ ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ، ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ] ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻫﻮﺏ [ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺃﹶﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ) ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ( ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺪﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
ﺃ -ﺍﻹﻛﺜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ،ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ :
))
ﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔﹶ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺻﻠﹼﻰ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺻﻼﺓﹰ ﺻﻠﹼﻰ ﺍﷲُ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺸﺮﹰﺍ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓﹶ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍ ﹸ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )ﺣﺴﻦ( . ﺏ -ﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ :ﺁﺧﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ – ﺃﻭ -ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺝ -ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻒ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﻤﻌﺔ ،ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ . r ﺩ -ﺍﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﻬﻮﺩ ) ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ( ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﺻﻤﺖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﹰ ؟
ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻗﺘﺎﺩﺓ )) : ﺻﻴﺎﻡ ﻳﻮﻡﹺ ﻋﺮﻓﹶﺔﹶ ﺃﹶﺣﺘﺴِﺐ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹶﻔﱢﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﱠﺘﻲ
ﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﱠﺘﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٢ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﻋﺎﺻﻴﺎ ً ﷲ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﻋﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ
ﻭﻓﺘﻨﻮﻫﻢ ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﻧﺘﻮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ؟ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ﻳﺒﺴﻂﹸ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹺ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﺏ ﻣﺴِﻲﺀُ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭﹺ ﻭﻳﺒﺴﻂﹸ ﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭﹺ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﺏ ﻣﺴِﻲﺀُ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹺ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻄﹾﻠﹸﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻐﺮﹺﺑﹺﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﺧﺪﻭﺩ :
ﻋﻦ ﺻﻬﻴﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺒﻠﹶﻜﹸﻢ ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺳﺎﺣﺮ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻤﺎ ﻛﹶﺒﹺﺮ
ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﻠﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻛﹶﺒﹺﺮﺕ ﻓﹶﺎﺑﻌﺚﹾ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻲ ﻏﹸﻼﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﻋﻠﱢﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺮ ﻓﹶﺒﻌﺚﹶ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻏﹸﻼﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻠﱢﻤﻪ ﻓﹶﻜﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﻃﹶﺮﹺﻳﻘﻪ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺳﻠﹶﻚ ﺭﺍﻫﺐ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﻌﺪ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻤﻊ ﻛﹶﻼﻣﻪ ﻓﹶﹶﺄﻋﺠﺒﻪ ﻓﹶﻜﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ﻣﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐﹺ ﻭﻗﹶﻌﺪ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﹶﺸﻜﹶﺎ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐﹺ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻞﹾ ﺣﺒﺴﻨﹺﻲ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﻲ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺧﺸﻴﺖ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﹶﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻞﹾ ﺣﺒﺴﻨﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ﻓﹶﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻛﹶ ﹶﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﹺﺫﹾ ﺃﹶﺗﻰ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺩﺍﺑﺔ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺣﺒﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﻮﻡ
ﺃﹶﻋﻠﹶﻢ ﺁﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹸ ﺃﹶﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹸ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺧﺬﹶ ﺣﺠﺮﺍ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐﹺ ﺃﹶﺣﺐ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﹺ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﺮﹺ ﻓﹶﺎﻗﹾﺘﻞﹾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺑﺔﹶ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻀﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﹶﺮﻣﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺘﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﹶﹶﺄﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐ ﺃﹶﻱ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﻮﻡ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹸ ﻣﻨﻲ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺑﻠﹶﻎﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﹺﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺭﻯ ﻭﺇﹺﻧﻚ ﺳﺘﺒﺘﻠﹶﻰ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﹾ ﺍﺑﺘﻠﻴﺖ ﻓﹶﻼ ﺗﺪﻝﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻲ ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡ ﻳﺒﺮﹺﺉ ﺍﻷﻛﹾﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﺮﺹ ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻭﹺﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺋﺮﹺ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺀِ ﻓﹶﺴﻤﻊ ﺟﻠﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻋﻤﻲ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺗﺎﻩ ﺑﹺﻬﺪﺍﻳﺎ ﻛﹶﺜﲑﺓ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﻫﻨﺎ ﻟﹶﻚ ﺃﹶﺟﻤﻊ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺷﻔﹶﻴﺘﻨﹺﻲ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻻ ﺃﹶﺷﻔﻲ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﺍ ٤٤
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺇﹺﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺁﻣﻨﺖ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺸﻔﹶﺎﻙ ﻓﹶﺂﻣﻦ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺸﻔﹶﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺗﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﹶﺠﻠﹶﺲ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﺠﻠﺲ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺩ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻚ ﺑﺼﺮﻙ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺭﺑﻲ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻭﻟﹶﻚ ﺭﺏ ﻏﹶﻴﺮﹺﻱ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺭﺑﻲ ﻭﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺧﺬﹶﻩ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﻳﺰﻝﹾ ﻳﻌﺬﱢﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﻝﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﻓﹶﺠﹺﻲﺀَ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﺃﹶﻱ ﺑﻨﻲ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺑﻠﹶﻎﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺤﺮﹺﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﺮﹺﺉ ﺍﻷﻛﹾﻤﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺑﺮﺹ ﻭﺗﻔﹾﻌﻞﹸ ﻭﺗﻔﹾﻌﻞﹸ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻻ ﺃﹶﺷﻔﻲ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﺍ ﺇﹺﻧﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺧﺬﹶﻩ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﻳﺰﻝﹾ ﻳﻌﺬﱢﺑﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﻝﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐﹺ ﻓﹶﺠﹺﻲﺀَ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺮﺍﻫﺐﹺ ﻓﹶﻘﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﺭﺟﹺﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻚ ﻓﹶﹶﺄﺑﻰ ﻓﹶﺪﻋﺎ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻤﺌﹾﺸﺎﺭﹺ ﻓﹶﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺌﹾﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻔﹾﺮﹺﻕﹺ ﺭﺃﹾﺳﻪ ﻓﹶﺸﻘﱠﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻭﻗﹶﻊ ﺷﻘﱠﺎﻩ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺟﹺﻲﺀَ ﺑﹺﺠﻠﻴﺲﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﺭﺟﹺﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻚ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺑﻰ ﻓﹶﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺌﹾﺸﺎﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻔﹾﺮﹺﻕﹺ ﺭﺃﹾﺳﻪ ﻓﹶﺸﻘﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻭﻗﹶﻊ ﺷﻘﱠﺎﻩ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺟﹺﻲﺀَ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﻓﹶﻘﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﺭﺟﹺﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻚ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺑﻰ ﻓﹶﺪﻓﹶﻌﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻧﻔﹶﺮﹴ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺻﺤﺎﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍ ﹾﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺟﺒﻞﹺ ﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﻭﻛﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﻓﹶﺎﺻﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺒﻞﹶ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺑﻠﹶﻐﺘﻢ ﺫﹸﺭﻭﺗﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﹾ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻪ ﻭﺇﹺﻻﱠ ﻓﹶﺎﻃﹾﺮﺣﻮﻩ ﻓﹶ ﹶﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﺼﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺒﻞﹶ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻛﹾﻔﻨﹺﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺷ ﹾﺌﺖ ﻓﹶﺮﺟﻒ ﺑﹺﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺒﻞﹸ ﻓﹶﺴﻘﹶﻄﹸﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﺎﺀَ ﻳﻤﺸﻲ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻓﹶﻌﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺎﻧﹺﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺪﻓﹶﻌﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻧﻔﹶﺮﹴ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺻﺤﺎﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍ ﹾﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﺎﺣﻤﻠﹸﻮﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﹸﺮﻗﹸﻮﺭﹴ ﻓﹶﺘﻮﺳﻄﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﹾ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻪ ﻭﺇﹺﻻﱠ ﻓﹶﺎﻗﹾ ﺬﻓﹸﻮﻩ ﻓﹶ ﹶﺬﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻛﹾﻔﻨﹺﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺷ ﹾﺌﺖ ﻓﹶﺎﻧﻜﹶﻔﹶﺄﹶﺕ ﺑﹺﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔﹸ ﻓﹶﻐﺮﹺﻗﹸﻮﺍ ﻭﺟﺎﺀَ ﻳﻤﺸﻲ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻓﹶﻌﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﺻﺤﺎﺑﻚ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺎﻧﹺﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﻠﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﺇﹺﻧﻚ ﻟﹶﺴﺖ ﺑﹺﻘﹶﺎﺗﻠﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻔﹾﻌﻞﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺁﻣﺮﻙ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺗﺼﻠﹸﺒﻨﹺﻲ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺟﹺﺬﹾﻉﹴ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺧﺬﹾ ﺳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﹶﺒﹺﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻮﺱﹺ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﺑﹺﺎﺳﻢﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺍﺭﻣﻨﹺﻲ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻚ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻓﹶﻌﻠﹾﺖ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﻗﹶﺘﻠﹾﺘﻨﹺﻲ ﻓﹶﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺻﻠﹶﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺟﹺﺬﹾﻉﹴ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﺧﺬﹶ ﺳﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻨﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻛﹶﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻮﺱﹺ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺑﹺﺎﺳﻢﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻠﹶﺎﻡﹺ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺭﻣﺎﻩ ﻓﹶﻮﻗﹶﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺪﻏﻪ ﻓﹶﻮﺿﻊ ﻳﺪﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺪﻏﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊﹺ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢﹺ ﻓﹶﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺁﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﹺﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﺁﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﹺﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﺁﻣﻨﺎ ﺑﹺﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡﹺ ﻓﹶﺄﹸﺗﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺃﹶﺭﺃﹶﻳﺖ ﻣﺎ ﻛﹸﻨﺖ ﺗﺤﺬﹶﺭ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻧﺰﻝﹶ ﺑﹺﻚ ﺣﺬﹶﺭﻙ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺁﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻣﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﻷﺧﺪﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﹶﻚ ﻓﹶﺨﺪﺕ ﻭﺃﹶﺿﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﺍﻥﹶ ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻣﻦ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﹺﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﹶﺄﺣﻤﻮﻩ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻗﻴﻞﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻗﹾﺘﺤﻢ ﻓﹶﻔﹶﻌﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺟﺎﺀَﺕ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﹶﺓﹲ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺻﺒﹺﻲ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﺘﻘﹶﺎﻋﺴﺖ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻘﹶﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻼﻡ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹸﻣﻪ ﺍﺻﺒﹺﺮﹺﻱ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻚ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻖ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٣ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ،ﺳﻮﻑ ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ) ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ،ﻭﻳﻨﺠﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺎﻑ ﻣﻨﻪ ( ،ﻓﺎﻃﻠﺐ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺯ ،ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ . ٤٥
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] )ĸö•yèø9$# rèŒ ÇÊÍÈ ßŠrߊuqø9$# â‘qàÿtóø9$# uqèdur ÇÊÌÈ ß‰‹Ïèãƒur ä—ωö7ムuqèd ¼çm¯RÎ) ÇÊËÈ î‰ƒÏ‰t±s9 y7În/u‘ |·ôÜt/ ¨bÎ tûïÏ%©!$# È@t/ ÇÊÑÈ yŠqßJrOur tböqtãö•Ïù ÇÊÐÈ ÏŠqãZègø:$# ß]ƒÏ‰ym y79s?r& ö@yd ÇÊÏÈ ß‰ƒÌ•ãƒ $yJÏj9 ×A$¨èsù ÇÊÎÈ ß‰ŠÉfpRùQ$# [ ÇËËÈ ¤âqàÿøt¤C 8yöqs9 ’Îû ÇËÊÈ Ó‰‹Åg¤C ×b#uäö•è% uqèd ö@t/ ÇËÉÈ 8ÝŠÏt’C NÍkɲ!#u‘ur `ÏB ª!$#ur ÇÊÒÈ 5=ƒÉ‹õ3s? ’Îû (#rã•xÿx.
ﺇﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺒﺪﺉ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻡ ،ﻭﻳﻌﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺜﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﻢ .ﻭﻫﻮ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﺜﲑ ﺍﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻳﻦ ،ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺒﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ،ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺵ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﲜﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ،ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ،ﻻ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻻ
ﻣﻌﻘﺐ ﳊﻜﻤﻪ . ﻫﻞ ﺑﻠﻐﻚ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﺎﺓ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﺬﹼﺑﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺃﻓﺴﺪﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ ،ﻭﻗﻮﻡ ﲦﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺣﺎﺭﺑﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻠﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺗﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ، ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻭﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﳏﻴﻂ ﻢ ،ﻓﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻗﺒﻀﺘﻪ ﻭﲢﺖ ﻗﻬﺮﻩ ،ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺎﺯﻳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻔﺮﻫﻢ .ﺑﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻭﻓﻪ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺭﻙ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﺁﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﲤﺴﻚ ﺪﻳﻪ ﳒﺎ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻫﻠﻚ . ﻛﹸﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺡ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻅ ،ﻭﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ )) ﺇﹺﻧﺎ
ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﱢﻛﹾﺮ ﻭﺇﹺﻧﺎ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻟﹶﺤﺎﻓﻈﹸﻮﻥﹶ (( .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ :ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻢ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﹶﻴﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻈﱠﺎﻟﻢﹺ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺧﺬﹶﻩ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻔﹾﻠﺘﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻩ ﻭﻧﻘﻤﺘﻪ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺴﻠﻚ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﷲ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ )) ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺰﹺﻳﺰ ﺫﹸﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﹶﺎﻡﹴ (( .
-٢ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ " ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﻮﺭ ﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ،
ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺩﺩ ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺋﻪ " ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻟﹶﻴﻌﺠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﻲ ﺫﹸﻧﻮﺑﹺﻲ ﺇﹺﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﻧﻮﺏ ﹶﻏﻴﺮﻙ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٣ﻋﻈﹶﻢ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ : ﺃ – ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﺍﹰ ،ﻭﻓﻘﻬﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻔﺎﺀ ﺑﻪ . ﺏ_ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺒﻠﻐﻪ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺘﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﺿﺪ ﻣﻦ ﳝﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﻪ ،ﻭﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﻗﻒ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ : ﺤﻤﻠﹸﻨﹺﻲ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻗﹶﻮﻣﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﱠ ﻗﹸﺮﻳﺸﺎ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻣﻨﻌﻮﻧﹺﻲ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺃﹸﺑﻠﱢﻎﹶ ﻛﹶﻼﻡ ﺭﺑﻲ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )) ﺃﹶﻻ ﺭﺟﻞﹲ ﻳ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٤ﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ :ﺍﻟﻮﺩﻭﺩ ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ :ﺍﳊﺒﻴﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ . ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ :ﺍـﻴﺪ ،ﻭﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ :ﺍﳌﻤﺠﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻧﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﳉﻼﻝ ،ﻓﻨﺜﺒﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ
ﺍﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ،ﻭﻧﻔﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﺑﻼ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ )) ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻛﹶﻤﺜﹾﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀٌ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺼﲑ. ((
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺍﻛﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﺓ . ﻭﻣﺎ ﳜﱪﻙ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻕ ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻀﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺜﻘﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﻼﻡ ﺑﻨﻮﺭﻩ .ﺇﻥﹾ ﻛﻞﱡ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ،ﳛﺮﺳﻬﺎ ﻭﳛﻤﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ ،ﻭﳛﺼﻲ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ،ﻭﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﳍﺎ .ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺧﻠﻖ ؟ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ،ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﲏ ﳜﺮﺝ ﺩﺍﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ؛ ﻓﻴﺘﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ،ﳜﺮﺝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻖ )ﺍﳌﲏ( ﻣﻦ ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻭﺻﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ .ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺜﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ،ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺗﺨﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺋﺮ ،ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻜﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻌﺚ ،ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻻ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻳﻔﻜﻪ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺬﻩ ﻭﳜﻠﺼﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ :
ﺃ -ﺻﻨﻒ ﳛﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻟﹶﻪ ﻣﻌﻘﱢﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦﹺ ﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﹾﻔﻪ ﻳﺤﻔﹶﻈﹸﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﹺ
ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ (( ﲟﻌﲎ ) ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ( ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻀﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﲔ ، ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﺴﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻬﻚ ،ﻭﱂ ﺗﺼﺐ ﰲ ﻋﻴﻨﻚ ﺃﻭ ﺟﺴﻤﻚ ،ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻭﻗﻀﺎﻩ ،ﲣﻠﻰ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ .
ﺏ -ﺻﻨﻒ ﻳﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﻗﻮﺍﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﹾﻔﻆﹸ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﻮﻝﹴ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻟﹶﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﻋﺘﻴﺪ (( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻛﺮﺍﻣﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﺗﺒﹺﲔ * ﻳﻌﻠﹶﻤﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﹾﻌﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ (( . ﺝ -ﺻﻨﻒ ﻗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻭﻗﹶﺪ ﻭﻛﱢﻞﹶ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻗﹶﺮﹺﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﻦ ﻭﻗﹶﺮﹺﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻼﺋﻜﹶﺔ ] (( ﻣﺴﻠﻢ [. ﺩ -ﺻﻨﻒ ﻳﺒﻌﺚ ﻓﻴﺆﻣﺮ ﺑﺄﺭﺑﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ – ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﺑﻄﻦ ﺃﻣﻪ – ﻓﹸﻴﻜﺘﺐ ﺭﺯﻗﻪ ﻭﺃﺟﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺷﻘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻀﻲ ١٢٠ﻳﻮﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻔﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ . ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﺍﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺷﻜﺮﻩ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻔﻈﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﺕ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﺤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻼ ﻧﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ،ﻓﺘﻜﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺫﻧﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻪ .ﻭﻟﻨﺤﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ ) :ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺎﻃﲔ ( ﻭﻟﻴﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻟﻪ ﳌﹼﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ؟ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ؟ )) :ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥ ﻟﹶﻤﺔﹰ ﺑﹺﺎﺑﻦﹺ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﻟﻠﹾﻤﻠﹶﻚ ﻟﹶﻤﺔﹰ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻤﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺗﻜﹾﺬﻳﺐ
ﺤﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﺤﻖ ﻭﺃﹶﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻤﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﹶﻚ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻳﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﺨﻴﺮﹺ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﺤﻖ ﻓﹶﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﹶﻠﹾﻴﻌﻠﹶﻢ ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﻠﹾﻴ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻓﹶﻠﹾﻴﺘﻌﻮﺫﹾ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﹺﻴﻢﹺ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻗﹶﺮﺃﹶ )) ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹸ ﻳﻌﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﻘﹾﺮ ﻭﻳﺄﹾﻣﺮﻛﹸﻢ ﺤﺸﺎﺀِ (( ..ﺍﻵﻳﺔﹶ (( ] ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ[ . ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻔﹶ
-٢ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺪﺭ ﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺀ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )) : ﻳﺮﻓﹶﻊ ﻟﻜﹸﻞﱢ ﻏﹶﺎﺩﺭﹴ ﻟﻮﺍﺀٌ
ﻓﹶﻘﻴﻞﹶ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻏﹶﺪﺭﺓﹸ ﻓﹸﻼﻥ ﺑﻦﹺ ﻓﹸﻼﻥ ] (( ﻣﺴﻠﻢ [ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ )) ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﺒﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﺍﺋﺮ (( ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] ÇÊÍÈ ÉA÷“olù;$$Î/ uqèd $tBur ÇÊÌÈ ×@óÁsù ×Aöqs)s9 ¼çm¯RÎ) ÇÊËÈ Æíô‰¢Á9$# ÏN#sŒ ÇÚö‘F{$#ur ÇÊÊÈ Æìô_§•9$# ÏN#sŒ Ïä!$uK¡¡9$#ur )[ ÇÊÐÈ #J‰÷ƒurâ‘ öNßgù=ÎgøBr& tûïÍ•Ïÿ»s3ø9$# È@ÎdgyJsù ÇÊÏÈ #Y‰ø‹x. ߉‹Ï.r&ur ÇÊÎÈ #Y‰ø‹x. tbr߉ŠÅ3tƒ öNåk¨XÎ
ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ،ﻭﺃﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺼﺪﻉ ﻭﺗﺘﺸﻘﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﻭﻉ ،ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺣﻖ ﻭﺣﻜﻢ ﻋﺪﻝ ،ﻓﻴﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ،ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﳍﻮﺍﹰ ﻭﻟﻌﺒﺎﹰ
،ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪ ﻭﺣﻖ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ .ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ ؟ ﻭﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﻭﳝﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﻢ ﺧﻔﻴﺔ ، ﻭﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﻜﻴﺪﻱ ،ﻭﲟﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺧﻔﻰ ﻭﺃﺷﺪ ﻭﺃﻣﻀﻰ ،ﻓﺄﹸﺑﻄﻞ ﻣﻜﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﹸﺣﺒﻂ ﻛﻴﺪﻫﻢ . ﻓﺄﻧﻈﺮ -ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺠﻞ ﳍﻢ ،ﺃﻣﻬﻠﻬﻢ ﻗﻠﻴﻼﹰ ﻭﺳﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺃﺣﻞ ﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﻼﻙ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻗﻮﻝﹲ ﻓﺼﻞ ،ﻭﻟﺬﺍ :
ﺃ -ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻓﻴﻪ ) ﰲ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻭﺣﻖ ،ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ( ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻗﺎﻝ
rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﻨﺪﺏ )) : ﺍﻗﹾﺮﺀُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺍﹾﺋﺘﻠﹶﻔﹶﺖ ﻗﹸﻠﹸﻮﺑﻜﹸﻢ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﹶﻔﹾﺘﻢ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪُ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ.
ﺏ -ﻻ ﲡﻮﺯ ﺍﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺟﻬﻴﻢ )) : ﻓﹶﻼ ﻳﻤﺎﺭﻭﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﱠ ﻣﺮﺍﺀً ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﻛﹸﻔﹾﺮ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ(. -٢ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻜﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻮﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻨﺒﻬﻮﺍ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: • ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰً ﻭﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓﹰ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﲢﺎﻛﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻘﻴﺪﺓﹰ ﻭﺃﺧﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔﹰ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ .ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﺷﺒﻞ )) : ﺍﻗﹾﺮﺀُﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗﺠﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗ ﹾﺄﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻜﹾﺜﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
• ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻜﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻴﺪﻭﻥ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ))
ﻭﺃﹶﻛﻴﺪ ﻛﹶﻴﺪﺍ (( ]ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻕ[ .
• ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔﹸ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﹺﻪ ﻭﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺄﹶﺋﻤﺔ
ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻋﺎﻣﺘﻬﹺﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﲤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﻱ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﻧﺰﻩ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﻼﻝ ،ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺗﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻗﻬﺮﺍﹰ .ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻓﺴﻮﻯ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ .ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻟﻪ .ﻭﺑﲔ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ .ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺻﻨﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﻋﻰ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺍﺏ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻀﺮﺗﻪ ﻫﺸﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﹰ . ﺳﻨﻘﺮﺋﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻓﺘﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺴﺎﻩ ،ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺴﻴﻚ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﻨﺴﺎﻩ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳉﻬﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳜﻔﻰ ،ﻭﻻ ﲣﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﺎﻓﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ .ﻭﻧﻴﺴﺮﻙ ﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻻ ﻋﺴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﰲ ﺷﺆﻭﻧﻚ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ . ﻓﺬﻛﹼﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻭﻋﻈﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﺩﻋﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻔﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ .ﺳﻴﺘﻌﻆ ﻣﻦ ﳜﺸﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻼﻗﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺳﻴﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﻋﻆ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻘﻲ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺽ ﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺼﻠﻰ ﻭﻳﺤﺮﻕ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ .ﰒ ﻻ ﳝﻮﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﺢ ،ﻭﻻ ﳛﲕ ﺣﻴﺎﺓﹰ ﺗﻨﻔﻌﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﺀ ﻣﻼﺯﻡ ﻟﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺳﺒﺢ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ )) ﺳﺒﺢﹺ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ (( ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
ﺃ -ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ،ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ ﺃﻧﻪ )) ﻛﺎﻥ r
ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ "ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺭﰊ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ" ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ "ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺭﰊ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ" (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ rﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻛﹸﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ : ﺳﺒﻮﺡ ﻗﹸﺪﻭﺱ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻼﺋﻜﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺡﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ.
ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﲰﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺭﻛﻮﻋﻪ :
))
ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺒﺮﻭﺕ
ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﹶﻜﹸﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻜﺒﺮﹺﻳﺎﺀِ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻌﻈﹶﻤﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ (.
ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻳﻜﹾﺜﺮ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻛﹸﻮﻋﻪ ﺤﻤﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﻲ ﻳﺘﹶﺄﻭﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﹺ ﺏ -ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﺍﳌﺴﻨﻮﻥ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ :
• ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺃ )) ﺳﺒﺢ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ (( ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥ ﺭﰊ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ )) : ﺃﹶﻥﱠ
ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺮﺃﹶ )) ﺳﺒﺢ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ (( ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺭﺑﻲ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
• ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺃ )) ﺃﹶﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﹺﻘﹶﺎﺩﺭﹴ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﻴﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺗﻰ (( ]ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ[٤٠- ٣٦ :
ﻗﺎﻝ :ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﺑﻠﻰ ؛ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ )) :ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺭﺟﻞﹲ ﻳﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﻓﹶﻮﻕ ﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺮﺃﹶ )) ﺃﹶﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﹺﻘﹶﺎﺩﺭﹴ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﻴﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻮﺗﻰ (( ﻗﺎﻝﹶ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﻓﹶﺒﻠﹶﻰ ﻓﹶﺴﹶﺄﻟﹸﻮﻩ ﻋﻦ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺳﻤﻌﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
• ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺼﺒﹺﺢ ﻭﺣﲔ
ﺤﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﺋﹶﺔﹶ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺄﹾﺕ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﹺﺄﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹶ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺴِﻲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺑﹺ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . •ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﺩﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ )) ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺑﺮﹺ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺛﹶﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﹶﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﺣﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺛﹶﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﹶﻼﺛﲔ ﻭﻛﹶﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺛﹶﻼﺛﹰﺎ ﻭﺛﹶﻼﺛﲔ ﻓﹶﺘﻠﻚ ﺗﺴﻌﺔﹲ ﻭﺗﺴﻌﻮﻥﹶ ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺎﺋﹶﺔ ﻻ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻪ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﹺﻳﻚ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺤﻤﺪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﻗﹶﺪﻳﺮ ﻏﹸﻔﺮﺕ ﺧﻄﹶﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻭﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﺯﺑﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺤﺮﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻠﹾﻚ ﻭﻟﹶﻪ ﺍﻟﹾ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ .
• ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺎﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹸﻧﺰﹺﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﺘﻦﹺ ﻭﻣﺎﺫﹶﺍ ﻓﹸﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﺰﺍﺋﻦﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻡ ﺳﻠﻤﺔ . ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﻟﻠﱵ ﻧﺬﺭﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻨﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ ﺇﻥ ﳒﹼﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ )) :ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺ ﹾﺌﺴﻤﺎ ﺟﺰﺗﻬﺎ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺼﲔ .
ﻭﻛﺎﻥ rﺇﺫﺍ ﲰﻊ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻧﻜﺮﻩ ،ﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ .
-٢ﺇﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﻞ ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ،ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﻘﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻳﺴﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ
ﺗﻌﺴﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﺑﺸﺮﻭﺍ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﻔﱢﺮﻭﺍ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٣ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﻫﻞ ﺗﺘﻌﻆ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﻋﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ؟ ﻓﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻌﻆ ،ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺷﺨﺺ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﳛﺬﺭ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﻆ ،ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺷﻘﻲ – ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻓﻴﺔ – ﻓﻠﻴﺪﺭﺱ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ . -٤ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺬﺏ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻓﻼ ﳝﻮﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﳛﲕ ،ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ،
ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ )) : ﺃﹶﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﹺﺈﻧﻬﻢ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳﻤﻮﺗﻮﻥﹶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ
ﺤﻴﻮﻥﹶ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﻳ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
]
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ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻬﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ،ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ؟ ،ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ،ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺎ ؛ ﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ .
ﺑﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻠﻮﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ . ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ .ﺇﻥ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ )ﺳﺒﺢ( ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺻﺤﻒ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﺻﺤﻒ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﺣﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻤﺎ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ :ﺇﻥﹼ ﺗﺰﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻮﺱ ) ﺗﻄﻬﲑﻫﺎ ( ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ،ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻄﻬﲑﺍﹰ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ .ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﻗﻮﻋﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ،ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺪﻧﻴﺴﺎﹰ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﺇﻳﺒﺎﻗﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻠﻴﻌﺮﻑ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ،ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﻧﺴﲔ . ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ : ﺃ -ﺍﺑﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﺍﻣﺘﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )) :ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑﹺﺴﻴﺌﹶﺔ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﹾﻬﺎ ﻛﹶﺘﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ
ﻟﹶﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺴﻨﺔﹰ ﻛﹶﺎﻣﻠﹶﺔﹰ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ . ﺏ -ﺇﻥ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ )ﺍﻧﺰﻉ ﻭﺍﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺗﺐ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ( ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺧﻄﹶﺄﹶ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﹶﺔﹰ ﻧﻜﺘﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺒﹺﻪ ﻧﻜﹾﺘﺔﹲ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀُ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺰﻉ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﹶﺮ ﻭﺗﺎﺏ ﺳﻘﻞﹶ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺒﻪ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ؟ )ﺣﺴﻦ( .
ﺝ -ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺳﻴﺌﺔ ﻓﺄﺗﺒﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﲤﺤﻬﺎ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ )) : ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻋﻤﻠﹾﺖ ﺳﻴﺌﹶﺔﹰ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺗﺒﹺﻌﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺔﹰ ﺗﻤﺤﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻓﺎﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﲟﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ .
ﺩ -ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﺺﹺ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﷲ ! ﻓﺎﺳﺘﺢﹺ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﻨﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺐ ) ﻭﺣﺪﻙ ( ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ) ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ( ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ،ﻋﺎﱂ ﺑﻚ ) ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ( . -٢ﺃﺧـــﻲ : ﺃ -ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ
ﺤﺖ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺭﺍﺡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ )) : ﻣﺎ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﻛﹶﺮﺍﻛﺐﹴ ﺍﺳﺘﻈﹶﻞﱠ ﺗ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﹶﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .
ﺏ -ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﳘﻚ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﺓ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ )) : ﻣﻦ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻓﹶﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺟﻌﻞﹶ ﻓﹶﻘﹾﺮﻩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺄﹾﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻛﹸﺘﺐ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓﹸ ﻧﹺﻴﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺟﻌﻞﹶ ﻏﻨﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺒﹺﻪ ﻭﺃﹶﺗﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻏﻤﺔﹲ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻓﺨﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﺰﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻛﺐ .
ﺝ -ﺍﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﺇﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻠﹾﻌﻮﻧﺔﹲ ﻣﻠﹾﻌﻮﻥﹲ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﹺﻝﱠ
ﺫﻛﹾﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﻩ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﱢﻤﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺣﺴﻦ( . ٥٦
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-٣ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ )ﺳﺒﺢ ( ﻭ ) ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺿﺤﺎﻫﺎ ( ﻭ ) ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﻐﺸﻰ ( : ﺃ -ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺎ ﻭﺳﻄﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﳌﻌﺎﺫ )) : ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻮﻻ ﺻﻠﱠﻴﺖ
ﺑﹺﺴﺒﺢﹺ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲﹺ ﻭﺿﺤﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹺ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻳﻐﺸﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
ﺏ )) -ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻴﺪﻳﻦﹺ ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﹺﺴﺒﺢﹺ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭﻫﻞﹾ ﺃﹶﺗﺎﻙ ﺣﺪﻳﺚﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﺎﺷﻴﺔ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﺠﻤﻌﺔﹸ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻡﹴ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﺑﹺﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻀﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺗﻴﻦﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﺝ -ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﺑﺰﻯ )) : ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﹺﺗﺮﹺ ﺑﹺﺴﺒﺢﹺ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻭﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﻭﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺩ -ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻓﺨﺬﻫﺎ ﲝﻘﻬﺎ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ )) : ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﻠﹾﻮﺓﹲ ﺧﻀﺮﺓﹲ ،ﻓﹶﻤﻦ ﺃﹶﺧﺬﹶﻫﺎ ﺑﹺﺤﻘﱢﻪ ﺑﻮﺭﻙ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺭﺏ ﻣﺘﺨﻮﺽﹴ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻬﺖ ﻧﻔﹾﺴﻪ
ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
ﻫـ -ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻩ ،ﻭﺭﻛﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺃﺿﺮ ﺑﺂﺧﺮﺗﻪ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺐ ﺁﺧﺮﺗﻪ ﺃﺿﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﻴﺎﻩ ،ﻓﺂﺛﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﲎ .ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ ! .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk
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ﻫﻞ ﺟﺎﺀﻙ –ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﺸﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺄﻫﻮﺍﳍﺎ ،ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻬﻢ .ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺫﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺣﻘﲑﺓ ؛ ﻟﻘﺒﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ .ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺒﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ؛
ﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻴﻪ ،ﺗﺼﻠﻰ ﻭﲢﺮﻕ ﺑﻨﺎﺭﹴ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮ ،ﺗﺴﻘﻰ ﺷﺮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﲔﹴ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺪ ﺣﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻏﻠﻴﺎﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ .ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻙ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﱳ ﺍﳊﺎﺭ ،ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺁﻛﻠﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﺪﻓﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﻉ .ﻭﺟﻮﻩ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﺣﺴﻨﺔ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻳﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ؛ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ، ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻓﺮﺣﺔ ﺑﻪ .ﰲ ﺟﻨﺔ ﺭﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﻴﺔ .ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻟﻐﻮ .ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﲔ ﺳﺎﺭﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﺰﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﺬ .ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺳﺮﺭ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ ،ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺵ ،ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻚ .ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺡ ﻻ ﻋﺮﻯ ﳍﺎ ؛ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ ،ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﻴﺄﺓ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ .ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﺪ ،ﻗﺪ ﺻﻒ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ،ﻴﺌﺔﹰ ﻭﺭﺍﺣﺔﹰ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻮﺱ ،ﻭﲨﺎﻻﹰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ .ﻭﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺑﺴﻂ ﲨﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻗﺪ ﺑﺜﹼﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺱ ، ﻓﻬﻲ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﻣﻬﻴﺄﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻓﺈﺎ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) :ﻧﺎﺭﻛﹸﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﱠﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﻗﺪ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺟﺰﺀٌ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺟﺰﺀًﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ :ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﹶﻜﹶﺎﻓﻴﺔﹰ
ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﹸﻀﻠﹶﺖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺟﺰﺀًﺍ ﻛﹸﻠﱡﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹸ ﺣﺮﻫﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
-٢ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ : ﺃ -ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﷲ ؟ . ﺏ -ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ؟ . ﺝ -ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﺑﻞ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ، ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﳜﻠﺺ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ،ﺑﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻓﻪ ،ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﻉ . ﻓﺎﺣﺮﺹ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻚ ) ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺍﺗﻚ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ( . -٣ﺍﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ) ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﻩ ( ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﺗﻠﺞ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ
ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﻤﺮﹺ ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺪﺭﹺ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ،ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ )): ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﹶﺔﹸ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺩﺭﺟﺘﻴﻦﹺ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀِ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ ﺃﹶﻋﻼﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺟﺔﹰ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٤ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) :ﻓﹸﺠﺮﺕ ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻌﺔﹸ ﺃﹶﻧﻬﺎﺭﹴ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹸﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞﹸ ﻭﺳﻴﺤﺎﻥﹸ ﻭﺟﻴﺤﺎﻥﹸ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺣﺴﻦ( . -٥ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﻤﺮ ؟ ﻗﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﴰﹼﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ ] &y#ø‹x. ÉA$t6Ågø:$# ’n<Î)ur ÇÊÑÈ ôMyèÏùâ‘ y#ø‹Ÿ2 Ïä!$uK¡¡9$# ’n<Î)ur ÇÊÐÈ ôMs)Î=äz y#ø‹Ÿ2 È@Î/M}$# ’n<Î) tbrã•ÝàYtƒ Ÿxsùr @•ÏÜøŠ|ÁßJÎ/ OÎgø‹n=tæ |Mó¡©9 ÇËÊÈ Ö•Åe2x‹ãB |MRr& !$yJ¯RÎ) ö•Ïj.x‹sù ÇËÉÈ ôMysÏÜß™ y#ø‹x. ÇÚö‘F{$# ’n<Î)ur ÇÊÒÈ ôMt6ÅÁçR $uZøŠn=tã ¨bÎ) §NèO ÇËÎÈ öNåku5$tƒÎ) !$uZø‹s9Î) ¨bÎ) ÇËÍÈ uŽy9ø.F{$# z>#x‹yèø9$# ª!$# çmç/Éj‹yèã‹sù ÇËÌÈ t•xÿx.ur 4’¯<uqs? `tB žwÎ) ÇËËÈ [ ÇËÏÈ Nåku5$|¡Ïm
ﺃﻓﻼ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻔﻴﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ .ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﳏﻔﻮﻅ ﺑﻼ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓ .ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻴﻒ ﻧﺼﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻧﺼﺒﺎﹰ ﻗﻮﻳﺎﹰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎﹰ . ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺑﺴﻄﺖ ،ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﳑﻬﺪﺓﹰ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺷﺔ ؛ ﻟﻴﻌﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ . ﻓﺬﻛﺮ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ( ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ ) ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ( ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﺭﺳﻠﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﻍ ،ﻟﺴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﲜﺒﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻜﺮﹺﻫﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ .ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ،ﻓﻴﻌﺬﺑﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ .ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﺟﻮﻋﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﻮﺩﻢ .ﰒ ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻓﻨﺠﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻼ ً ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﺋﻖ ،ﺇﻥ ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺨﲑ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ﻓﺸﺮ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ )ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ( ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ :
ﺃﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﱰﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻘﻴﺎﺩﻩ ﻟﻠﻀﻌﻴﻒ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ،ﻓﻴﺸﺮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﳊﻤﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻮﺑﺮﻫﺎ ،ﻭﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﺛﻘﺎﻝ ،ﻭﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲨﺎﻝ ،ﺑﻞ ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺑﻮﳍﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ،ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻧﻴﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ rﺃﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺑﻞ ﻳﺸﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﳍﺎ ﻭﺃﻟﺒﺎﺎ ،ﻷﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﺮﺿﻰ ،ﻓﺸﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺣﱴ ﺻﺤﻮﺍ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ .ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻟﺒﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻮﳍﺎ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﺪ . -٢ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺐ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺁﻳﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ .ﻓﻠﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻹﳍﻲ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ . ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻒ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ :ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻮﺍ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ،ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺭﻓﻌﺖ . ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻟﻮ ﻣﺮﺓﹰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ . -٣ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ،ﺫﻛﹼﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ : ﺃ -ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ )) ﻓﹶﺬﹶﻛﱢﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺨﺎﻑ ﻭﻋﻴﺪ. (( ﺏ -ﺫﻛﺮ ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻧﻴﺔ )ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ( .ﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ :ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﺗﻔﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﺑﻞ ،ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ،ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻜﻢ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ . ﺝ -ﺫﻛﱢﺮ ﺑﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺼﻰ . ﺩ -ﺫﻛﱢﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﳍﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻓﺄﻳﻦ ﻳﺬﻫﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ؟ ﻫـ -ﺫﻛﹼﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﲟﺎ ﺧﻠﻘﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ ؟ﺇﹺﻻ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ؟ . ﻭ -ﺫﻛﹼﺮ ﺑﻌﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ . ﺯ -ﺫﻛﱢﺮ ، ﻣﺒﺸﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻣﻨﲔ ،ﻭﳏﺬﺭﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﳌﻦ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﻋﺼﻰ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﺮﺍﺕ .ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﲑ . -٤ﺇﻥﹼ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻭﻻ ﲣﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻫﻮ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ،ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ .ﻓﻠﻴﻘﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﱐ ،ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻻﹰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ " ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻖ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ،ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺒﺪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ " ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ٦١
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﻠﻘﺎﹰ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﻧﺲ )) : ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺭﺟﻞﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺃﹶﺗﺎﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﹸﻚ ﻓﹶﺰﻋﻢ ﻟﹶﻨﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻚ ﺗﺰﻋﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺭﺳﻠﹶﻚ ، ﻗﺎﻝﹶ :ﺻﺪﻕ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﻤﻦ ﺧﻠﹶﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀَ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﻤﻦ ﺧﻠﹶﻖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﻤﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﺒﺎﻝﹶ ﻭﺟﻌﻞﹶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞﹶ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﺒﹺﺎﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﹶﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀَ ﻭﺧﻠﹶﻖ ﺍﻷ ﺭﺽ ﻭﻧﺼﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﺒﺎﻝﹶ ﺁﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺭﺳﻠﹶﻚ ؟ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻧﻌﻢ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﹸﻚ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻨﺎ ﺧﻤﺲ ﺻﻠﹶﻮﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻭﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺘﻨﺎ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺻﺪﻕ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ : ﻓﹶﺒﹺﺎﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃﹶﺭﺳﻠﹶﻚ ﺁﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻙ ﺑﹺﻬﺬﹶﺍ ؟ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻧﻌﻢ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﹸﻚ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻨﺎ ﺯﻛﹶﺎﺓﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍﻟﻨﺎ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ : ﺻﺪﻕ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﺒﹺﺎﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃﹶﺭﺳﻠﹶﻚ ﺁﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻙ ﺑﹺﻬﺬﹶﺍ ؟ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻧﻌﻢ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﹸﻚ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻨﺎ ﺻﻮﻡ ﺷﻬﺮﹺ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺘﻨﺎ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺻﺪﻕ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻓﹶﺒﹺﺎﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺃﹶﺭﺳﻠﹶﻚ ﺁﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻙ ﺑﹺﻬﺬﹶﺍ ؟ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻧﻌﻢ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ : ﻭﺯﻋﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﹸﻚ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﺞ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﹶﺎﻉ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻠﹰﺎ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺻﺪﻕ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺛﹸﻢ ﻭﻟﱠﻰ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺜﹶﻚ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﺤﻖ ﻻ ﺃﹶﺯﹺﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﹺﻦ ﻭﻻ ﺃﹶﻧﻘﹸﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﻦ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ : ﻟﹶﺌﻦ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻟﹶﻴﺪﺧﻠﹶﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٥ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺴﻴﻄﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻓﻘﻂ .ﻭﻗـﺪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻘﺘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮﺍ ) ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ( ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ : r
))
ﺃﹸﻣﺮﺕ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺃﹸﻗﹶﺎﺗﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻟﹶﺎ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻟﹶﺎ
ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻪ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺼﻤﻮﺍ ﻣﻨﻲ ﺩﻣﺎﺀَﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﹶﻣﻮﺍﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻟﱠﺎ ﺑﹺﺤﻘﱢﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ، ﻭﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﲑ ﻋﻦ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ .
٦٢
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﰊ
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] @•øgÉo “Ï%Îk! ×L|Žs% y7Ï9ºsŒ ’Îû ö@yd ÇÍÈ ÎŽô£o„ #sŒÎ) È@ø‹©9$#ur ÇÌÈ Ì•ø?uqø9$#ur Æìøÿ¤±9$#ur ÇËÈ 9Žô³tã @A$u‹s9ur ÇÊÈ Ì•ôfxÿø9$#ur yŠqßJrOur ÇÑÈ Ï‰»n=Î6ø9$# ’Îû $ygè=÷WÏB ÷,n=øƒä† öNs9 ÓÉL©9$# ÇÐÈ ÏŠ$yJÏèø9$# ÏN#sŒ tPu‘Î) ÇÏÈ >Š$yèÎ/ y7•/u‘ Ÿ@yèsù y#ø‹x. t•s? öNs9r& ÇÎÈ $pkŽÏù (#rã•sVø.r'sù ÇÊÊÈ Ï‰»n=Î6ø9$# ’Îû (#öqtósÛ tûïÏ%©!$# ÇÊÉÈ ÏŠ$s?÷rF{$# “ÏŒ tböqtãö•Ïùur ÇÒÈ ÏŠ#uqø9$$Î/ t•÷‚¢Á9$# (#qç/%y` tûïÏ%©!$# [ ÇÊÍÈ ÏŠ$|¹ö•ÏJø9$$Î7s9 y7-/u‘ ¨bÎ) ÇÊÌÈ A>#x‹tã xÞöqy™ y7•/u‘ óOÎgøŠn=tæ ¡=|Ásù ÇÊËÈ yŠ$|¡xÿø9$#
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﻔﺠﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻕ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺎﱄ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ؛ ﻟﻔﻀﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻒ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﻫﺐ ﺑﻈﻼﻣﻪ .ﻫﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﹸﻛﺮ ،ﻗﺴﻤﺎﹰ ﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﹸﺐﹴ ﻭﻋﻘﻞﹴ ﻧﻴﺮ ،ﻳﺪﻝ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ؟ ﻓﻴﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ . ﺃﱂ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﻌﺎﺩ ،ﳌﺎ ﻛﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﳍﻢ ﻫﻮﺩﺍﹰ ؟ ﻓﺄﻫﻠﻜﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺮﻳﺢ ﺻﺮﺻﺮﹴ ﻋﺎﺗﻴﺔ . ﻭﻫـﻢ ﺃﻫﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﺭﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ ،ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻗﻮﺓ ﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺷﺪﻢ ،ﻭﲦﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ،ﻭﳓﺘﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﺎﹰ ﳍﻢ ،ﺃﻫﻠﻜﻨﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﺩﻣﺮﻧﺎﻫﻢ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﳍﻢ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻘﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ .ﻭﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳉﻴﻮﺵ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻳﺔ ،ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺗﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ، ﺩﻣﺮﻧﺎﻩ ﻭﻗﻮﻣﻪ . ﻓﻬﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ) ﻋﺎﺩ ﻭﲦﻮﺩ ﻭﻓﺮﻋﻮﻥ ( ﻃﻐﻮﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺑﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻛﺜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻓﺄﻧﺰﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺭﺟﺰﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ،ﻭﺃﺣﻞ ﻢ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺘﻪ ،ﻓﺪﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﺎﺩﻫﻢ .ﺇﻥ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻳﺮﺻﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ،ﻭﳚﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻼﹰ ﺑﺴﻌﻴﻪ ،ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻟﺒﺎﺏ )ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﲑﺓ( ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺘﺄﻣﻠﻮﺍ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﻛﺪ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ : ﺃ -ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﻩ : ﻣﻨﻬﺎ :ﻫﻞ ﺃﺩﻳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ،ﻛﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ) ﻗﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ،ﺃﺎ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﲔ ،ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺠﺮ؟ . ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ :ﻫﻞ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺪﻭﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ؟ ﻛﺄﺫﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ )ﺃﺫﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺎﺡ( . ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ :ﺍﳌﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ،ﱄ ﻭﻟﻚ ﻭﻟﻠﺨﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺵ . ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ :ﺍﻧﺒﻼﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺒﺔ .ﺏ -ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺎ ) ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ( :ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ : r ))
ﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻳﺎﻡﹴ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻦ ﺃﹶﺣﺐ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷَﻳﺎﻡﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺸﺮﹺ ،ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ :ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻻ
ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ، ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ : ﻭﻻ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﻬﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺭﺟﻞﹲ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺑﹺﻨﻔﹾﺴِﻪ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﻳﺮﺟﹺﻊ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﹺﺸﻲﺀ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺫﻱ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ . ﺝ -ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ :ﻓﻜﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺷﻔﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻭﺗﺮ ،ﻓﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺎ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ
)) rﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﹺﺗﺮ ﻳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﹺﺗﺮ ﺃﹶﻭﺗﺮﻭﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻲ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﳑﺎ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﳝﺮ ﺑﻚ ،ﺇﻻﹼ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ . ﺩ -ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺴﺮﹺ :ﻓﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ،ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺍﺕ ؟
ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻜﹾﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓﹸ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴ ﹺﻞ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ .
-٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋﺎﺵ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻃﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺼﺮ ﻭﻛﹸﻠﱢﻒ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺻﻮﺩﺓ .ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻓﻌﻠﻪ ! ﻭﻟﻴﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﳊﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺳﻜﻨﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ ﻋﻤﻠﹶﻪ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻏﲑ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻨﻪ . ﺍﺟﻌﻞ -ﺃﺧﻲ -ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻚ ،ﻋﻨﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ : )) ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻟﹶﺒﹺﺎﻟﹾﻤﺮﺻﺎﺩ )) (( ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﹾﻔﻆﹸ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﻮﻝﹴ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻟﹶﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﻗﻴﺐ ﻋﺘﻴﺪ )) (( ﻭﻧﻜﹾﺘﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻗﹶﺪﻣﻮﺍ (( .
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ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﻨﻪ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﻓﺄﻛـﺮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ،ﻭﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﲑﺍﺕ ،ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﰊ ﺃﻛﺮﻣﻦﹺ ﳌﱰﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﱪﻩ ،ﻓﻀﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺯﻗﻪ ،ﻓﻴﻘﻮﻝ ﺭﰊ ﺃﻫﺎﻧﻦﹺ ﳍﻮﺍﱐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ .ﻛﻼ ! ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ .ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻹﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺗﻜﺮﳝﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻀﻴﻴﻖ ﺇﻫﺎﻧﺔﹰ .ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻜﻢ ﻻ ﺗﻜﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻔﻠﻮﻧﻪ ﳑﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﻜﻢ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻻ ﳛﺾ ﺑﻌﻀﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﲔ ،ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺘﻪ .ﻭﺗﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﲑﺍﺙ ﺃﻛﻼﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ،ﻭﺗﻠﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﳌﹼــﺎﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺣﺼﻞ ،ﻣﻦ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺮﺍﻡ .ﻭﲢﺒﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ .
ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ! ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺣﺮﻛﺔﹰ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺯﻟﺰﻟﺖ ﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔﹰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺓ ،ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﹰ . ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺻﺎﻓﹼﻮﻥ ﺻﻔﺎﹰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﻒ .ﻭﺟﻲﺀ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺭﺁﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﺫﻧﻮﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻵﰒ :ﻳﺎ ﻟﻴﺘﲏ ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ )ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﰊ( ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ .ﻓﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺬﱢﺏ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳌﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﻩ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻗﺒﻀﺎﹰ ﻭﻭﺛﻘﺎﹰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻳﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﷲ ،ﳌﻦ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ . ﻭﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻄﻤﺌﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ :ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻵﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ،ﺍﳌﻄﻤﺌﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﻭﳏﺒﺘﻪ ،ﺍﺭﺟﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻭﺛﻮﺍﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﺪ ﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺘﻪ ،ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔﹰ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ ،ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻴﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﺿﺎﻫﺎ ،ﻓﺎﺩﺧﻠﻲ ﰲ ﲨﻠﺔ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﲔ ،ﻭﺍﺩﺧﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﱵ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ،ﺃﹸﺣﻞﹼ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﱐ ﻓﻼ ﺃﺳﺨﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺃﺑﺪﺍ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﲎ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻫﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ .ﻓﻬﻞ ﳓﻦ ﺷﺎﻛﺮﻳﻦ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ، ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻡ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻏﲑ ﺷﺎﻛﺮﻳﻦ ؟ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﺎﺹ ﷲ ،ﻣﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﻪ ،ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﺝ ، ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ :
))
ﺤﺐ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺭﺃﹶﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳ
ﻓﹶﹺﺈﻧﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﺝ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ،ﻫﻲ ﺍﺑﺘﻼﺀ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻫﻞ ﻳﺼﱪ ﺃﻡ ﻻ . ﻟﻜﻦ ! ﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ :ﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻧﻌﻢ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﰊ ﳌﱰﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﱵ ،ﺃﻭ ﺿﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻲ ﳍﻮﺍﱐ .ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺤﺐ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺤﺐ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺤﺐ .ﻓﺎﻓﻬﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﲪﻚ ﺍﷲ . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﻫﻞ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻳﺘﺎﻡ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ : ﺃ -ﺣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﻭﻋﻈﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭ ﺗﺮﻫﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﺎﺀﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ،ﻭﺗﺬﻛﲑﻫﻢ ﺬﻩ
ﺍﻵﻳﺔ )) ﻛﹶﻼﱠ ﺑﻞﹾ ﻻ ﺗﻜﹾﺮﹺﻣﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﺘﻴﻢ (( ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﻟﻠﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﳎﺮﺩ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻣﻪ ﻭﻛﺴﻮﺗﻪ ،ﻓﻴﻜﺮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻠﺲ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ ﻭﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ .ﻭﻣﺎ ﺣﻈﱢﻲ ﻭﺣﻈﱡﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻛﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ؟.
ﺏ -ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ :ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ )) : ﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻓﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﺘﻴﻢﹺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻫﻜﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺑﹺﺈﹺﺻﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻮﺳﻄﹶﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ .
ﻓﻬﻞ ﻛﻔﻠﺖ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ؟ ﺍﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻛﻔﻞ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﺎﹰ .ﻭﻓـــﻘﻚ ﺍﷲ ! . -٣ﺍﻋﱳ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ،ﻭﺃﻭﺳﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ : ﺃ -ﺣﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ .
ﺏ -ﺃﻃﻌﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﻜﲔ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﻣﻠﹶﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻜﲔﹺ ﻛﹶﺎﻟﹾﻤﺠﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
-٤ﺍﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺣﺒﻚ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺩﻳﺔ ؛ ﻓﻴﻨﺴﻰ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻬﻤﻪ ﺇﻻ
ﺍﳌﺎﻝ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺗﻌﺲ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢﹺ ﻭﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻤﻴﺼﺔ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻲ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻌﻂﹶ ﺳﺨﻂﹶ ﺗﻌﺲ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻜﹶﺲ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺷﻴﻚ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﹶﺶ .. ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ.
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-٥ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻲﺀ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﲜﻼﻟﻪ ﻭﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ) ﳚﻲﺀ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ( ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻼ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻪ )) ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻛﹶﻤﺜﹾﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀٌ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺼﲑ((
-٦ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ )) : ﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﺑﹺﺠﻬﻨﻢ ﻳﻮﻣﺌﺬ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻒ ﺯﹺﻣﺎﻡﹴ ﻣﻊ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺯﹺﻣﺎﻡﹴ
ﺳﺒﻌﻮﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻒ ﻣﻠﹶﻚ ﻳﺠﺮﻭﻧﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٧ﺍﺭﺽﹺ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ، rﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻴﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻟﲑﺿﻰ ﻋﻨﻚ )) ﺭﺍﺿﻴﺔﹰ ﻣﺮﺿﻴﺔﹰ (( .
ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻮﺕ ،ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ! ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ! ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻥ ،ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻡ ،ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﺩﻣﺎﹰ ؟ ﻳﺎ ﻟﹶﻴﺘﻨﹺﻲ ﻗﹶﺪﻣﺖ ﻟﺤﻴﺎﺗﻲ ؟ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ’Îû z`»|¡SM}$# $uZø)n=yz ô‰s)s9 ÇÌÈ t$s!ur $tBur 7$Î!#urur ÇËÈ Ï$s#t7ø9$# #x‹»pkÍ5 B@Ïn |MRr&ur ÇÊÈ Ï$s#t7ø9$# #x‹»pkÍ5 ãNÅ¡ø%é& Iw ÿ¼çnt•tƒ öN©9 br& Ü=|¡øts†r& ÇÏÈ #´‰t7—9 Zw$tB àMõ3n=÷dr& ãAqà)tƒ ÇÎÈ Ó‰tnr& Ïmø‹n=tã u‘ωø)tƒ `©9 br& Ü=|¡øts†r& ÇÍÈ >‰t6x. &zNystFø%$# Ÿxsù ÇÊÉÈ Èûøïy‰ôÚ¨Z9$# çm»oY÷ƒy‰ydur ÇÒÈ Éú÷ütGxÿx©ur $ZR$|¡Ï9ur ÇÑÈ Èû÷üuZøŠtã ¼ã&©! @yèøgwU óOs9r& ÇÐÈ î‰tnr #sŒ $VJŠÏKtƒ ÇÊÍÈ 7pt7tóó¡tB “ÏŒ 5Qöqtƒ ’Îû ÒO»yèôÛÎ) ÷rr& ÇÊÌÈ >pt6s%u‘ ’7sù ÇÊËÈ èpt7s)yèø9$# $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÊÊÈ spt7s)yèø9$# ÏpuHxqö•uKø9$$Î/ (#öq|¹#uqs?ur ÎŽö9¢Á9$$Î/ (#öq|¹#uqs?ur (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# z`ÏB tb%x. ¢OèO ÇÊÏÈ 7pt/uŽøItB #sŒ $YZŠÅ3ó¡ÏB ÷rr& ÇÊÎÈ >pt/t•ø)tB Ö‘$tR öNÍköŽn=tã ÇÊÒÈ ÏpyJt«ô±yJø9$# Ü=»ysô¹r& öNèd $uZÏG»tƒ$t«Î/ (#rã•xÿx. tûïÏ%©!$#ur ÇÊÑÈ ÏpuZyJø‹pRùQ$# Ü=»ptõ¾r& y7Í´¯»s9'ré& ÇÊÐÈ [ ÇËÉÈ 8oy‰|¹÷s•B
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ )ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ( ،ﻭﺃﻧﺖ -ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﺣﺎﻝﱞ ﻭﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ،
ﻭﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻭﻭﻟﺪﻩ .ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻧﺼﺐﹴ ﻭﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﺗﻌﺐ ، ﻳﻜﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﻋﺒﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ .ﺃﻳﻈﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻬﺮﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ؟ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ :ﺃﻧﻔﻘﺖ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺍﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ ﳏﻤﺪ ، rﻫﻞ ﻳﻈﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﺮﻩ ﺃﺣﺪ ؟ ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺮﺍﻩ ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺎﺯﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ .ﺃﱂ ﳒﻌﻞ ﻟﻪ ﻋﻴﻨﲔ ﻳﺒﺼﺮ ﻤﺎ ؟ ﻭﻟﺴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻳﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﻪ ،ﻓﻴﻌﱪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ؟ ﻭﺷﻔﺘﲔ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ؟ ﻭﺑﻴﻨﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ؟ ﻓﻬﻼ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ؟! ﺇﻧﻪ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻓﺨﻢ ،ﻫﻮ ﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻡﹴ ﺫﻱ ﳎﺎﻋﺔ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺑﺔ ،ﺃﻭ ﻣﺴﻜﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺪﺕ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻟﺼﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺮﻩ ،ﰒ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﺑﺄﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ،ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ،ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺻﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺎﺱ ،ﺃﻫﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ .ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺂﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ ﻭﻛﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺎ ،ﻫﻢ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ،ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻧﺎﺭ ﻣﻄﺒﹺﻘﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ )) ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺑﹺﺨﺎﺭﹺﺟﹺﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ (( .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ :ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﰲ ﻛﺒﺪ ،ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻋﺐ ،ﻓﻬﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ .ﻭﺇﻧﻚ ﻟﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻛﺪ ﻭﻣﺸﻘﺔ ﻭﺇﺭﻫﺎﻕ ﲝﺜﺎﹰ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﻜﺪﻳﺲ ﺍﻷﺭﺻﺪﺓ ،ﺣﱴ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﻀﻴﻊ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺣﻄﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ : • ﺍﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ﺍﳊﻼﻝ ﻭﻟﻮﻛﻔﺎﻓﺎﹰ .
• ﺍﻗﻨﻊ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮﻭ )) :
ﻗﹶﺪ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻠﹶﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺳﻠﹶﻢ ﻭﺭﺯﹺﻕ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺎﻓﹰﺎ ﻭﻗﹶﻨﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﺁﺗﺎﻩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
• ﻛﺎﺑﺪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺎ ،ﻭﺍﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﻌﺔ
ﳍﺎ .ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﺳﺎﺑﹺﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻣﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻜﹸﻢ ﻭﺟﻨﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻛﹶﻌﺮﺽﹺ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀِ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽﹺ ..ﺍﻵﻳﺔ (( . ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻭﺳﺎﺭﹺﻋﻮﺍ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻣﻐﻔﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻜﹸﻢ ﻭﺟﻨﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺃﹸﻋﺪﺕ ﻟﻠﹾﻤﺘﻘﲔ. (( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻛﹶﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻗﹶﻠﻴﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹺ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻬﺠﻌﻮﻥﹶ ...ﺍﻵﻳﺔ (( . -٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ،ﺍﻗﺘﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ،ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﺎﻳﻠﻲ :
ﺃ -ﺇﻥ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﺒﺔ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻕ ،ﻓﺎﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ :
ﻀﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻓﹶﺮﺟﻪ ﺑﹺﻔﹶﺮﺟﹺﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . )) ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻋﺘﻖ ﺭﻗﹶﺒﺔﹰ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺔﹰ ﺃﹶﻋﺘﻖ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﻜﹸﻞﱢ ﻋﻀﻮﹴ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋ ﺏ -ﺍﲝﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﺍﺎﻋﺔ ؛ ﻟﺘﺘﺼﺪﻕ
ﻋﻠﻰ )ﻳﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺑﺘﻚ ( ﺃﻭ )ﻣﺴﻜﲔ ﻣﻌﺪﻡ ( ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻠﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ )) : ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﹶﺔﹸ
ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻜﲔﹺ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﹶﺔﹸ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢﹺ ﺍﺛﹾﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﺻﻠﹶﺔﹲ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺝ -ﺣﻘﻖ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ )ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﻴﻪ ( . ﺩ -ﺃﻭﺹﹺ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﻏﲑﻙ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ) ﺍﺻﱪ ﻳﺎ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ( ، ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺷﺨﺼﺎﹰ ﻓﺄﻭﺻﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺘﻚ . ﻫـ -ﺃﹶﻭﺹﹺ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺣﻢ )ﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻜﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ،ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺍﺣﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ( ﻓﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﺪﺗﻪ ﺃﻭﺻﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺘﻚ . ﻭ -ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺤﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ :ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ،ﻓﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﻴﻨﻪ ،ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﺰﺍﹰ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ . ٦٩
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ÇÍÈ $yg8t±øótƒ #sŒÎ) È@ø‹©9$#ur ÇÌÈ $yg9¯=y_ #sŒÎ) Í‘$pk¨]9$#ur ÇËÈ $yg9n=s? #sŒÎ) Ì•yJs)ø9$#ur ÇÊÈ $yg8ptéÏur ħ÷K¤±9$#ur $yg1uqø)s?ur $ydu‘qègéú $ygyJolù;r'sù ÇÐÈ $yg1§qy™ $tBur <§øÿtRur ÇÏÈ $yg8yssÛ $tBur ÇÚö‘F{$#ur ÇÎÈ $yg9t^t/ $tBur Ïä!$uK¡¡9$#ur y]yèt7/R$# ÏŒÎ) ÇÊÊÈ !$yg1uqøósÜÎ/ ߊqßJrO ôMt/¤‹x. ÇÊÉÈ $yg9¢™yŠ `tB z>%s{ ô‰s%ur ÇÒÈ $yg8©.y— `tB yxn=øùr& ô‰s% ÇÑÈ &Oßgš/u‘ óOÎgøŠn=tæ tPy‰øBy‰sù $ydrã•s)yèsù çnqç/¤‹s3sù ÇÊÌÈ $yg»uŠø)ß™ur «!$# sps%$tR «!$# ãAqß™u‘ öNçlm; tA$s)sù ÇÊËÈ $yg8s)ô©r [ ÇÊÎÈ $yg»t6ø)ãã ß$$sƒs† Ÿwur ÇÊÍÈ $yg1§q|¡sù öNÎgÎ6/Rx‹Î/
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺿﻮﺋﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻼ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻏﺮﻭﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺟﻼﹼ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﺣﱴ ﻭﺿﺤﺖ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﺸﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﻏﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻐﻴﺐ ﻓﺘﻈﻠﻢ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺑﻼ ﻋﻤﺪ ،ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﻄﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﺎﹰ ﳑﻬﺪﺓﹰ ﺻﺎﳊﺔﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺵ ،ﻭﻧﻔﺲ ﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻓﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﺘﻬﺎ ؛ ﻓﺒﲔ ﳍﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻼﻝ .ﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ ﻭﺃﻗﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺴﺮ ﻭﺧﺴﺊ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﺧﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺫﺍﺋﻞ . ﻛﺬﺑﺖ ﲦﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻮﳍﻢ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ uﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻐﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ،ﺣﲔ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ﲤﺮﺩﺍﹰ ،ﻓﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺎﱀ : u ﻻ ﲤﺴﻮﺍ ﻧﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺴﻮﺀ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﺪﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﺎ ؛ ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺷﺮﺏ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻜﻢ ﺷﺮﺏ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ،ﻓﻜﺬﹼﺑﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﳍﻢ ﺻﺎﳊﺎﹰ uﻭﻗﺘﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺔ ؛ ﻓﻐﻀﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﺪﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﻧﺎﺯﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﺎﹰ ،ﻓﻠﻢ ﻳﻔﻠﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ . ﻭﻻ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻋﺬﺍﺑﻪ ﳍﻢ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻐﺎﻟﹶﺐ ،ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﻫﻞ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ؟
ﺇﱐ ﺃﺩﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﳍﺎ ﻓﻀﻼﹰ . ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﺃﻡ ﻫﺎﻧﺊ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﺩﺧﻞﹶ ﺑﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﹶﺘﺢﹺ ﻣﻜﱠﺔﹶ ﻓﹶﺎﻏﹾﺘﺴﻞﹶ ﻭﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺛﹶﻤﺎﻧﹺﻲ ﺭﻛﹶﻌﺎﺕ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻢ ﺃﹶﺭ ﺻﻼﺓﹰ ﻗﹶﻂﱡ ﺃﹶﺧﻒ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﹶﻴﺮ ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﹸﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ((ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﺍﺭﻛﹶﻊ ﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹺ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭﹺ ﺃﹶﺭﺑﻊ ﺭﻛﹶﻌﺎﺕ ﺃﹶﻛﹾﻔﻚ ﺁﺧﺮﻩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
ﻭﺻﻼﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻻ ﺣﺪ ﻷﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ )ﻣﺜﲎ ﻣﺜﲎ ( ﻭﺃﻗﻠﻬﺎ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎﻥ ،ﻭﲡﺰﺉ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺫﺭ
ﺃﻧﻪ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻳﺼﺒﹺﺢ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻓﹶﻜﹸﻞﱡ ﺗﺴﺒﹺﻴﺤﺔ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﺪﺓ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﺗﻬﻠﻴﻠﹶﺔ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﺗﻜﹾﺒﹺﲑﺓ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﺃﹶﻣﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﻧﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻨﻜﹶﺮﹺ ﺻﺪﻗﹶﺔﹲ ﻭﻳﺠﺰﹺﺉ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﻛﹾﻌﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﻛﹶﻌﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ (( ﺭﻭﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . ﻓﻼ ﺗﻔﻮﺗﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺭﻛﻌﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ .
-٢ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﻟﻮﺩ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﹸﻮﺩ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻳﻮﻟﹶﺪ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﻄﹾﺮﺓ ﻓﹶﹶﺄﺑﻮﺍﻩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﺍﻧﹺﻪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﹺﻪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻤﺠﺴﺎﻧﹺﻪ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻬﹺﻴﻤﺔﹸ ﺑﻬﹺﻴﻤﺔﹰ ﺟﻤﻌﺎﺀَ ﻫﻞﹾ ﺗﺤﺴﻮﻥﹶ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻋﺎﺀَ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺍﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻙ ،ﻓﺈﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﺪﺍﻥ ﳘﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻳﺮﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ، ﻓﻬﻞ ﻧﺮﰊ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺒﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻴﻪ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻧﻘﻴﺎﹰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ؟ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺮﰊ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻟﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺑﻪ ؟ ﻧﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻨﺘﺒﻪ ! ﻓﹶﹶﺄﺑﻮﺍﻩ ﻳﻬﻮﺩﺍﻧﹺﻪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﺍﻧﹺﻪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻤﺠﺴﺎﻧﹺﻪ ، ﻓﺎﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻟﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ) ﺃﻣﻪ
ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻪ( ﻭﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻳﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﺑﻮﻳﻪ ) ﺃﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺑﻴﻪ ( ﻭﺑﺘﺮﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ . -٣ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒــﺪ :ﺇﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺎﻥ .ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﻞ ﻧﺴﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺴﻠﻚ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮ ﻭﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﺍﻋﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﳊﻴﺎﺗﻚ .ﻳﺒﺤﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ ﺑﺘﻄﻬﲑ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻓﺈﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻐﻤﺲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺫﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺔ .ﻓﻠﻴﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻻﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﺴﺔ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-٤ﺍﺩﻉ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ )) :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺁﺕ ﻧﻔﹾﺴِﻲ ﺗﻘﹾﻮﺍﻫﺎ ﻭﺯﻛﱢﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻛﱠﺎﻫﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﻭﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﻻﻫﺎ (( ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺯﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
-٥ﻟﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ! ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ ،ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ،ﺃﻭ ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ .ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﺪ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺗﻘﻰ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻪ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ،ﻓﻠﻴﻜﻦ ﺃﺗﻘﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻳﺒﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﺔ ،ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ .ﻭﻻ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺃﺷﻘﻰ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ،ﻓﻴﺒﺚ ﻛﻞ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﳏﺮﻡ ﻭﻏﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﻃﺮﺏ ﻭﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻭﳓﻮﻫﺎ .ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﺮﻩ ﺃﻭ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﺍﺣﺮﺹ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺗﻘﺎﻫﻢ ﷲ ،ﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺃﺷﻘﺎﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ .
٧٢
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] $¨Br'sù ÇÍÈ 4Ó®Lt±s9 ö/ä3u‹÷èy™ ¨bÎ) ÇÌÈ #Ós\RW{$#ur t•x.©%!$# t,n=y{ $tBur ÇËÈ 4’©?pgrB #sŒÎ) Í‘$pk¨]9$#ur ÇÊÈ 4Óy´øótƒ #sŒÎ) È@ø‹©9$#ur ÇÑÈ 4Óo_øótGó™$#ur Ÿ@σr2 .`tB $¨Br&ur ÇÐÈ 3“uŽô£ã•ù=Ï9 ¼çnçŽÅc£u•ãY|¡sù ÇÏÈ 4Óo_ó¡çtø:$$Î/ s-£‰|¹ur ÇÎÈ 4’s+¨?$#ur 4‘sÜôãr& ô`tB 3“y‰ßgù=s9 $oYø‹n=tã ¨bÎ) ÇÊÊÈ #“¨Št•s? #sŒÎ) ÿ¼ã&è!$tB çm÷Ztã ÓÍ_øóム$tBur ÇÊÉÈ 3“uŽô£ãèù=Ï9 ¼çnçŽÅc£u•ãY|¡sù ÇÒÈ 4Óo_ó¡çtø:$$Î/ z>¤‹x.ur “Ï%©!$# ÇÊÎÈ ’s+ô©F{$# žwÎ) !$yg9n=óÁtƒ Ÿw ÇÊÍÈ 4‘©àn=s? #Y‘$tR ö/ä3è?ö‘x‹Rr'sù ÇÊÌÈ 4’n<rW{$#ur not•ÅzEzs9 $uZs9 ¨bÎ)ur ÇÊËÈ 7pyJ÷èÏoR `ÏB ¼çny‰YÏã >‰tnL{ $tBur ÇÊÑÈ 4’ª1u”tItƒ ¼ã&s!$tB ’ÎA÷sム“Ï%©!$# ÇÊÐÈ ’s+ø?F{$# $pkâ:¨Zyfã‹y™ur ÇÊÏÈ 4’¯<uqs?ur z>¤‹x. [ ÇËÊÈ 4ÓyÌö•tƒ t$öq|¡s9ur ÇËÉÈ 4’n?ôãF{$# ÏmÎn/u‘ Ïmô`ur uä!$tóÏGö/$# žwÎ) ÇÊÒÈ #“t“øgéB
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻄﻰ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﻈﻼﻣﻪ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﲡﻠﻰ ﺑﻀﻴﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﻧﻮﺭﻩ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﺜﻰ
– ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ – ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ،ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮ ﻭﺣﻖ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻞ ،ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺬﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﻭﺍﺗﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺻﺪﻕ ﺑﺜﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺧﻠﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ؛ ﻓﺴﻨﻴﺴﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﺨﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲞﻞ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻛﺬﹼﺏ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ؛ ﻓﺴﻨﻴﺴﺮﻩ ﻟﻠﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﺗﻪ .ﻭﻣﺎ ﳝﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﺩﻯ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻐﲏ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎ .ﺇﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻪ ﺑﺈﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻭﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺎﹰ ﺟﻠﻴﺎﹰ )) ﻭﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ (( .
ﻭﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻠﻚ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﻛﻨﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ .ﻓﺄﻧﺬﺭﺗﻜﻢ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﺗﺘﻮﻫﺞ )ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ( ﻻ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﳛﺮﻕ ﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺬﺏ ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﺭﺳﻞ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ . ﻭﺳﻴﺰﺣﺰﺡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻓﻼ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻲ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺘﺔ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻳﺼﺮﻓﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﻲ .ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﺪ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﺎﻓﺌﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻳﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﻪ ،ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻔﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺜﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﺍﺗﺎﹰ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻗﻬﺮﺍﹰ .ﻭﺳﲑﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺗﺼﻒ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﻭﺑﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ . ٧٣
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻔﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ ،ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ : ﺃ -ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﲑ ) ﻃﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﻟﺮﺳﻮﻟﻪ ( rﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ .ﻓﻬﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﻧﺴﻌﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ) ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ( ؟ ﻓﻔﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻳﺴﺄﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ :ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ؟ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ .ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ،ﺗﺸﻤﻞ : • ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻖ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺔ
ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ) : ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﺑﹺﻌﺪﻝﹺ ﺗﻤﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻛﹶﺴﺐﹴ ﻃﹶﻴﺐﹴ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﹾﺒﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻴﺐ ﻭﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻳﺘﻘﹶﺒﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﻴﻤﻴﻨﹺﻪ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻳﺮﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﺼﺎﺣﺒﹺﻪ ﻛﹶﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺑﻲ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﻓﹶﻠﹸﻮﻩ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺒﻞﹺ ( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . ﺑﻞ ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﺯﻭﺟﲔ )ﺻﻨﻔﲔ( ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ؛ ﻟﺘﺪﻋﻮﻙ ﺧﺰﻧﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻧﻔﹶﻖ ﺯﻭﺟﻴﻦﹺ ﻓﻲ
ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻧﻮﺩﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺑﻮﺍﺏﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻳﺎ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺧﻴﺮ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . • ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻮﻯ ) ﻓﻌﻞ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ ( .
• ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻋﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ،ﻭﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳋﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ . ﺏ -ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ :ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮ :ﻓﻠﻴﻨﻈﺮ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ،ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﹰ )ﻣﻌﺎﺻﻲ( ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺎﺟﻼﹰ ﻓﻮﺭﺍﹰ ،ﺃﻭ ﻟﻴﺴﺘﺒﺪﻝ ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ . -٢ﺃﻧﻔﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﻻ ﲤﺴﻚ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﻷﲰﺎﺀ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺗﺼﺪﻗﻲ ﻭﻟﹶﺎ ﺗﻮﻋﻲ
ﻓﹶﻴﻮﻋﻰ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﻣﻌﲎ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻋﻲ :ﻻ ﲤﺴﻜﻲ . -٣ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﺼﺪﻗﺖ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﳑﻦ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻪ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺛﻨﺎﺀً ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺄﺓﹰ ، ﺃﻭ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ،ﺑﻞ ﺃﻋﻄﻪ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﺷﺘﻤﻚ ﻭﺁﺫﺍﻙ )) ﺇﹺﻻ ﺍﺑﺘﻐﺎﺀَ ﻭﺟﻪ ﺭﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﹶﻰ (( .
-٤ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻲ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﰉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﺃﹸﻣﺘﻲ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ
ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﺑﻰ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ :ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﺄﹾﺑﻰ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻃﹶﺎﻋﻨﹺﻲ ﺩﺧﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹶ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺎﻧﹺﻲ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪ ﺃﹶﺑﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ÇÍÈ 4’n<rW{$# z`ÏB y7©9 ׎ö•y{ äot•ÅzEzs9ur ÇÌÈ 4’n?s% $tBur y7•/u‘ y7t㨊ur $tB ÇËÈ 4ÓyÖy™ #sŒÎ) È@ø‹©9$#ur ÇÊÈ 4ÓyÕ‘Ò9$#ur ÇÐÈ 3“y‰ygsù ~w!$|Ê x8y‰y`urur ÇÏÈ 3“ur$t«sù $VJŠÏKtƒ x8ô‰Égs† öNs9r& ÇÎÈ #ÓyÌ÷ŽtIsù y7•/u‘ y•‹ÏÜ÷èムt$öq|¡s9ur y7În/u‘ ÏpyJ÷èÏZÎ/ $¨Br&ur ÇÊÉÈ ö•pk÷]s? Ÿxsù Ÿ@ͬ!$¡¡9$# $¨Br&ur ÇÒÈ ö•ygø)s? Ÿxsù zOŠÏKuŠø9$# $¨Br'sù ÇÑÈ 4Óo_øîr'sù Wxͬ!%tæ x8y‰y`urur [ ÇÊÊÈ ô^Ïd‰yÛsù
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺤﻰ -ﻭﻫﻮ :ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ،ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺭﻣﺢ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ – ﻭﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﻲ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻏﻄﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﻈﻼﻣﻪ ،ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻚ ﺭﺑﻚ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﻭﻻ ﲣﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺃﺑﻐﻀﻚ ،ﺑﻞ ﺃﺣﺒﻚ ﻭﺃﺩﻧﺎﻙ .ﻭﻟﻠﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺧﲑ ﻟﻚ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻟﻸﺧﺮﻯ .ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﻌﻄﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﻚ .ﺃﱂ ﳚﺪﻙ ﻳﺘﻴﻤﺎﹰ ﻗﺪ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺑﻮﻙ ،ﻓﺂﻭﺍﻙ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻙ ﻭﺣﺮﺳﻚ ﻭﲪﺎﻙ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻮﺀ ؟ ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻙ ﺿﺎﻻﹰ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ،ﻓﻬﺪﺍﻙ ﻭﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ، ﻭﻭﻓﻘﻚ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭﻙ ﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ )ﺭﲪﺔﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﹶﲔ ( ،ﻭﻭﺟﺪﻙ ﻓﻘﲑﺍﹰ ﻓﺄﻏﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻤﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ،ﻭﻗﻨﻌﻚ ﲟﺎ ﺁﺗﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺯﻕ .ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺬﻟﻪ ﻭﺗﻬﻨﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﻛﻦ ﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻷﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻨﻬﺮﻩ ،ﺑﻞ ﺃﻋﻄﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻴﺴﺮ ﻭﻟﻦ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ،ﻭﻛﻦ ﻣﻌﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺘﻪ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺼﻰ ،ﻓﺤﺪﺙ ﻭﺍﻧﺸﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﷲ ،ﻭﻋﻠﹼﻢ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﺍﹰ ﷲ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻓﺎﹰ ﺑﻔﻀﻠﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺷﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭﻻﻙ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺼﻰ .ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﺪﺍﻙ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ )ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ( ؟ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺭﺑﺎﻙ ؟ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻔﻈﻚ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻙ ؟ ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ . ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ؟
ﻫﻞ ﺷﻜﺮﺕ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺷﻜﺮﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺳﺪﻯ ﺇﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎﹰ ؟ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ :
)) ﻻ ﻳﺸﻜﹸﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﹸﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٢ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺧﲑ ﻭﺃﺑﻘﻰ ،ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ ،ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ r
)) :ﻛﹸﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻛﹶﹶﺄﻧﻚ ﹶﻏﺮﹺﻳﺐ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋﺎﺑﹺﺮ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞﹴ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ .
-٣ﺍﻟﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﲟﺎ ﺁﺗﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻭﻛﹸﻦ ﻗﹶﻨﹺﻌﺎ ﺗﻜﹸﻦ ﺃﹶﺷﻜﹶﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ
...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٤ﺍﺣﺘﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ،ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )):ﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻓﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﺘﻴﻢﹺ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﻫﻜﹶﺬﹶﺍ ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺑﹺﺈﹺﺻﺒﻌﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻮﺳﻄﹶﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٥ﺃﻋﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺩﻩ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻪ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ -ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﳓﻮﻩ -
ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺭﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞﹶ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺑﹺﻈﻠﹾﻒ ﻣﺤﺮﻕ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻓﺄﺟﺒﻪ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺮﺩﻩ .
-٦ﲢﺪﺙ ﺑﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﲑﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺮ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻦ
ﺤﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﹶﺛﹶﺮ ﻧﹺﻌﻤﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ) ﺣﺴﻦ( . ﻋﻤﺮﻭ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻳ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] &y7s9 $uZ÷èsùu‘ur ÇÌÈ x8t•ôgsß uÙs)Rr& ü“Ï%©!$# ÇËÈ x8u‘ø—Ír š•Ztã $uZ÷è|Êurur ÇÊÈ x8u‘ô‰|¹ y7s9 ÷yuŽô³nS óOs9r y7În/u‘ 4’n<Î)ur ÇÐÈ ó=|ÁR$$sù |Møît•sù #sŒÎ*sù ÇÏÈ #ZŽô£ç„ ÎŽô£ãèø9$# yìtB ¨bÎ) ÇÎÈ #·Žô£ç„ ÎŽô£ãèø9$# yìtB ¨bÎ*sù ÇÍÈ x8t•ø.ÏŒ [ ÇÑÈ =xîö‘$$sù
ﺃﱂ ﻧﻨﻮﺭ ﻟﻚ ﺻﺪﺭﻙ ﻭﳒﻌﻠﻪ ﻓﺴﻴﺤﺎﹰ ﺭﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺎﹰ ؟ ﺃﱂ ﻧﻄﻬﺮ ﺻﺪﺭﻙ ﺑﺸﻘﱢﻪ ﻭﻣﻠﺌﻪ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﺔ ؟ ﺃﱂ ﳒﻌﻞ ﺻﺪﺭﻙ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻋﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ ﻓﺎﻣﺘﻸ ﺳﺮﻭﺭﺍﹰ ﻭﻓﺮﺣﺎﹰ ﻭﳏﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ؟ ﻭﺣﻄﻄﻨﺎ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻭﺯﺭﻙ ،ﻓﻐﻔﺮﻧﺎ ﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻧﺒﻚ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺛﻘﻞ ﻇﻬﺮﻙ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﲪﻼﹰ ﺛﻘﻴﻼﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ .ﻭﺭﻓﻌﻨﺎ ﻟﻚ ﺫﻛﺮﻙ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﹸﺫﻛﹶﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺫﹸﻛﺮﺕ ﻣﻌﻲ .ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﻳﺴﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺓ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ،ﻭﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻖ ﻓﺮﺟﺎ .ﺇﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﺴﺮﻳﻦ ) ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﺴﺮ ﻳﺴﺮﻳﻦ ( .ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻓﺮﻏﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺃﺷﻐﺎﳍﺎ ،ﻓﺎﺟﺘﻬﺪ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺭﺑﻚ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ .ﻭﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺗﻀﺮﻉ ﺭﺍﻏﺒﺎﹰ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ، ﳐﻠﺼﺎﹰ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻓﹸﺮﹺﺝ ﺳﻘﹾﻔﻲ ﻭﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﺑﹺﻤﻜﱠﺔﹶ ﻓﹶﻨﺰﻝﹶ ﺟﹺﺒﺮﹺﻳﻞﹸ uﻓﹶﻔﹶﺮﺝ ﺻﺪﺭﹺﻱ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻏﹶﺴﻠﹶﻪ ﺑﹺﻤﺎﺀِ ﺯﻣﺰﻡ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺟﺎﺀَ ﺑﹺﻄﹶﺴﺖ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺫﻫﺐﹴ ﻣﻤﺘﻠﺊ ﺣﻜﹾﻤﺔﹰ ﻭﺇﹺﳝﺎﻧﺎ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻓﹾﺮﻏﹶﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺪﺭﹺﻱ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﻃﹾﺒﻘﹶﻪ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .ﻭﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻗﺪ ﻏﻔﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻧﺒﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ،ﻭﻛﺎﻥ rﻳﺪﻋﻮ ﻭﻳﻘﻮﻝ )) :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﻲ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﹶﺘﻲ ﻭﺟﻬﻠﻲ ﻭﺇﹺﺳﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﹺﻱ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺃﹶﻋﻠﹶﻢ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻣﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﻲ ﺟﹺﺪﻱ ﻭﻫﺰﻟﻲ ﻭﺧﻄﹶﺌﻲ ﻭﻋﻤﺪﻱ ﻭﻛﹸﻞﱡ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪﻱ ....ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ
.
-٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﺴﺮﺕ ﺃﻣﻮﺭﻙ : ﺃ -ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﺍﺛﻨﺎﻥ ،ﻭﺍﲪﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺫﻫﻨﻚ ":ﻟﻦ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﺴﺮ ﻳﺴﺮﻳﻦ " ﻭﻗﺪ
ﺟﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻣﺮﺳﻼﹰ )) :ﻟﹶﻦ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﺴﺮ ﻳﺴﺮﻳﻦﹺ (( ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ » :ﻟﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﺮ ﺩﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺟﺤﺮ ﳉﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻌﻪ « .
ﺏ -ﺍﺩﻉ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻴﺴﺮ ﺃﻣﺮﻙ .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻳﺪﻋﻮ:
ﺭﺏ ﺃﹶﻋﻨﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﻦ ﻋﻠﹶﻲ ﻭﺍﻧﺼﺮﻧﹺﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﹶﻲ ﻭﺍﻣﻜﹸﺮ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻤﻜﹸﺮ ﻋﻠﹶﻲ ﻭﺍﻫﺪﻧﹺﻲ ﻭﻳﺴﺮ ﻫﺪﺍﻱ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻲ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﰲ ﻟﻔﻆ )) :ﻭﻳﺴﺮ ﺍﻟﹾﻬﺪﻯ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻲ. ((
ﺝ -ﺗﻮﻛﹼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺠﺄﹶ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺭﺑﻜﹸﻢ ﺇﹺﻧﻪ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻏﹶﻔﱠﺎﺭﺍ* ﻳﺮﺳﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀَ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﺪﺭﺍﺭﺍ (( ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ . -٣ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻞ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ : r
))
ﺍﻏﹾﺘﻨﹺﻢ ﺧﻤﺴﺎ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ
ﻚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺲ (( ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ )) ﻭﻓﹶﺮﺍ ﹶﻏﻚ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﺷﻐﻠ ﺧﻤ ﹴ )) : ﻧﹺﻌﻤﺘﺎﻥ ﻣ ﻐﺒﻮﻥﹲ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﻛﹶﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﺮﺍﻍﹸ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ .
ﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻚ ﻭﺃﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﻉ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺫﻯ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ،ﻭﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻓﺮﺍﻏﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﺛﻮﺑﻚ ﻭﺧﻠﻌﻪ ،ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻛﻮﺑﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﻟﻚ ﻭﺳﻔﺮﻙ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻟﺬﺍ )) :ﻛﺎﻥ rﻳﺴﺒﺢ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻇﹶﻬﺮﹺ ﺭﺍﺣﻠﹶﺘﻪ ﺣﻴﺚﹸ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻭﺟﻬﻪ (( ﻳﺴﺒﺢ :ﻳﺼﻠﻲ ،ﻭﺟﺎﺀ )) :ﻏﹶﻴﺮ ﺃﹶﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻜﹾﺘﻮﺑﺔﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-٤ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﻘﺮﺍﹰ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺔﹰ ﻓﻼ ﲢﺰﻥ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺧﲑ ﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﺍﺻﱪ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺴﺐ ،ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻀﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﻴﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻟﹶﻮ ﺗﻌﻠﹶﻤﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻜﹸﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻷﺣﺒﺒﺘﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺰﺩﺍﺩﻭﺍ ﻓﹶﺎﻗﹶﺔﹰ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺔﹰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] þ’Îû z`»|¡SM}$# $uZø)n=y{ ô‰s)s9 ÇÌÈ ÂúüÏBF{$# Ï$s#t7ø9$# #x‹»ydur ÇËÈ tûüÏZ•Å™ Í‘qèÛur ÇÊÈ ÈbqçG÷ƒ¨“9$#ur ÈûüÏnG9$#ur &í•ô_r& óOßgn=sù ÏM»ysÎ=»¢Á9$# (#qè=ÏHxåur (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# žwÎ) ÇÎÈ tû,Î#Ïÿ»y™ Ÿ@xÿó™r& çm»tR÷ŠyŠu‘ ¢OèO ÇÍÈ 5OƒÈqø)s? Ç`|¡ômr [ ÇÑÈ tûüÉKÅ3»ptø:$# È/s3ômr'Î/ ª!$# }§øŠs9r& ÇÐÈ ÈûïÏe$!$$Î/ ߉÷èt/ y7ç/Éj‹s3ム$yJsù ÇÏÈ 5bqãYøÿxE çŽö•xî
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ – ﺍﻟﺘﲔ :ﻓﺎﻛﻬﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ :ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ،ﻭﳘﺎ ﻳﻨﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻃﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ )ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻛﺔ -ﻓﻠﺴﻄﲔ( – ﻭﺟﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺭ – ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﻠﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ؟ -ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﻨﺎﹰ )ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ( ﻟﻘﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﻝ ﻭﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ .ﰒ ﺭﺩﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺇﻥ ﻛﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﷲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ؛ ﻓﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﺟﺮ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﻄﻮﻉ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﺹ ﻭﻻ ﻣﻨﻐﺺ .ﻓﻤﺎ ﳛﻤﻠﻚ – ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺬﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ؟ ، ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺗﻘﻮﱘ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺜﻚ .ﺃﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺼﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﱂ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ،ﺑﺄﺣﻜﻢ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﲔ ؟ ﺑﻠﻰ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪﺓ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﳋﻀﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﻓﻴﺘﺎﻣﲔ ) ﺃ ( ،ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ ﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ،ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﻨﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻑ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺀً .ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺴﻌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﺴﻲ ،ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻑ ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ﻛﻮﺏ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺟﺒﺔ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ،ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻑ ﺑﺸﺮﺑﻪ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻝ ،ﻭﺗﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻡ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﲔ. -٢ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ،ﺷﺮﺏ ﻣﻠﻌﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎﹰ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ،ﻭﻃﺮﺩ ﺣﺼﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺭﺓ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﺫﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻠﻂ ﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﳊﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺩﻫﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺳﲑ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﹰ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻠﻂ ﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﳊﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﻓﹸﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﻓﺈﺎ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ .ﻓﺮﻙ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﺰﻳﺖ ﺍﳊﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﺗﻴﺰﻡ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻭﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺍﷲ .ﻭﻳﺆﻛﻞ ﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﻭﻳﺪﻫﻦ ﺑﻪ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺃﹸﺳﻴﺪ )): ﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺖ ﻭﺍﺩﻫﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺠﺮﺓ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﻛﹶﺔ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٣ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﺎ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺁﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﺿﻞ ،ﻓﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ : • ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﺗﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ ،ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ
ﺟﺎﺑﺮ )) : ﻭﺻﻼﺓﹲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﺠﹺﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺮﺍﻡﹺ ﺃﹶﻓﹾﻀﻞﹸ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺋﹶﺔ ﺃﹶﻟﹾﻒ ﺻﻼﺓ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ
ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ . • ﻻ ﺗﺆﺫ ﺃﺣﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻘﻮﻝﹴ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌﻞﹴ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ؛ ﻷﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﺗﻌﻈﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻠﲔ ؛ ﻭﻷﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺮﻡ ﺃﻣﻦ ،ﻗﺪ ﺃﻣﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﺍﳊﺸﺎﺋﺶ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﺔ : )) ﻻ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﹶﻰ ﺧﻼﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻌﻀﺪ ﺷﺠﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﱠﺮ ﺻﻴﺪﻫﺎ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
• ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻡ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ :ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﲡﺪﻩ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ
ﺗﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﻓﻼ ﳛﻞ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻭﻻ ﺗﺤﻞﱡ ﻟﹸﻘﹶﻄﹶﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﹺﻻ ﻟﻤﻨﺸﺪ .. ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . ﻟﻜﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺧﺬﺎ ﻭﺳﻠﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ،ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻃﻴﺐ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ . -٤ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ) ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ( ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻮﻝ ) ﺃﺿﻞﹼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ( .ﻓﻜﻦ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ،ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻭﻋﻤﻼﹰ ﻭﺻﺪﻗﺎﹰ ﻭﺇﺻﻼﺣﺎﹰ ﻭﺩﻋﻮﺓﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ .ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ . ٨١
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﺍﻗﺮﺃ – ﻳﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ -ﻣﺒﺘﺪﺋﺎﹰ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻛﻠﻪ .ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺫﺭﻳﺔ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻡﹴ
ﻏﻠﻴﻆ .ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻭﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺍﺯﻳﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻳﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﻛﺮﻣﻪ ﻭﺇﺣﺴﺎﻧﻪ ،ﻭﺳﻴﻜﺮﻣﻚ ﻭﻳﺸﺮﻓﻚ .ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻢ .ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻪ ،ﻓﻨﻘﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻬﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ .ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ،ﺇﻥ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻟﻴﻄﻐﻰ )ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳊﺪ( ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﻭﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺇﳝﺎﻧﻪ .ﺇﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﲑ ،ﻭﺳﻴﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ .ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻭﻫﻞ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ؟ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﷲ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻫﻨﺎ :ﺃﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞ -ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﳏﻤﺪﺍﹰ ؟ -ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺎﻛﻠﺘﻪ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ﷲ .ﰲ ﻇﻨﻚ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﻯ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﺃﻭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻩ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﻏﲑﻩ ﺑﺘﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺗﺘﻮﻋﺪﻩ ؟ ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻛﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻨﻪ ،ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻟﻘﻲ ﺭﺑﻪ ؟ ﺃﱂ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﺠﺎﺯﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ؟ ﻛﻼ ! ﻟﺌﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﺎﻭﺓ ﻭﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻨﺎ ﻭﳏﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻨﺄﺧﺬﻩ ﺑﻨﺎﺻﻴﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ .ﻧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﺫﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻗﻮﳍﺎ ،ﺧﺎﻃﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﳍﺎ .ﻓﻠﻴﺪﻉ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﳎﻠﺴﻪ ﻟﻨﺼﺮﺗﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻴﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﺼﺮﻭﻩ ! ﺳﻨﺪﻉ ﻣﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﻼﻅ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﺍﺩ ؛ ﺣﱴ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ،ﺃﺣﺰﺑﻨﺎ ﺃﻡ ﻧﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ ؟ ﻛﻼ ! ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮ .ﻓﻼ ﺗﻄﻌﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻬﺎﻙ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻭﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ .ﻭﺻﻞﱢ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﺏ . ٨٢
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :
ﺃ -ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ) ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ( ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ؛ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺎﻫﺮﺍﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ، ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﺍﻟﹾﻤﺎﻫﺮ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﹶﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﺮﺍﻡﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺮﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ ﻭﻳﺘﺘﻌﺘﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ
ﺷﺎﻕ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺃﹶﺟﺮﺍﻥ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ. . ﺏ -ﺗﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﺪ ﻣﺎ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻲ )ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ( ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﲏ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻔﻈﻲ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻜﺲ . )) -٢ﻛﹶﻼ ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻴﻄﹾﻐﻰ * ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺭﺁَﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻨﻰ (( ﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻧﺼﺐ ﻋﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﺁﺗﺎﻙ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ؛ ﺣﱴ ﲢﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ .ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ ،ﳚﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ،ﻓﺎﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﳐﺘﻠﻄﲔ ،ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﳝﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻼﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﻫﻲ ﻟﻸﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ، ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﺗﻘﻮﺍ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﺗﺮﻛﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ . -٣ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻧﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ،ﳑﻦ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ،ﻓﻴﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ،ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ ،ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻖ ،ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﲑ ،ﻳﻨﻬﻰ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ،ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ،ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺳﻴﻘﻰ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺯﻑ ،ﻭﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ ،ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺑﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ .ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ،ﻭﺣﱴ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺸﺒﻪ ﺑﺄﰊ ﺟﻬﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﺟﻬﻞﹴ :ﻟﹶﺌﻦ ﺭﺃﹶﻳﺖ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺍ ﻳﺼﻠﱢﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻌﺒﺔ ﻷﻃﹶﺄﹶﻥﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻋﻨﻘﻪ ، ﻓﹶﺒﻠﹶﻎﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲr ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻟﹶﻮ ﻓﹶﻌﻠﹶﻪ ﻷﺧﺬﹶﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻼﺋﻜﹶﺔﹸ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٤ﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫـﺮﻳـﺮﺓ ﻗـﺎﻝ )) :ﺳﺠﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻓﻲ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀُ ﺍﻧﺸﻘﱠﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﹾﺮﺃﹾ ﺑﹺﺎﺳﻢﹺ ﺭﺑﻚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] )ÇÌÈ 9•öky- É#ø9r& ô`ÏiB ׎ö•y{ Í‘ô‰s)ø9$# ä's#ø‹s9 ÇËÈ Í‘ô‰s)ø9$# ä's#ø‹s9 $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÊÈ Í‘ô‰s)ø9$# Ï's#ø‹s9 ’Îû çm»oYø9t“Rr& !$¯RÎ ?[ ÇÎÈ Ì•ôfxÿø9$# Æìn=ôÜtB 4Ó®Lym }‘Ïd íO»n=y™ ÇÍÈ 9•öDr& Èe@ä. `ÏiB NÍkÍh5u‘ ÈbøŒÎ*Î/ $pkŽÏù ßyr”•9$#ur èps3Í´¯»n=yJø9$# ãA¨”t\s
ﺇﻧﺎ ﺃﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ) ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ( .ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﻭﺍﳌﱰﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ؟ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻟﺸﺮﻓﻬﺎ .ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﺗﱰﹼﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻜﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﺔ ،ﻓﻴﱰﻟﻮﻥ -ﺑﺈﺫﻥ ﺭﻢ -ﺑﻜﻞ ﺃﻣﺮ ﻗﻀﺎﻩ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ .ﻫﻲ ﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﻭﺧﲑ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺔ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ،ﻻ ﺷﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﻻ ﺷﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﻮﺀﺍﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ .ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻧﻔﻖ ﰲ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ،ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻭﻳﺢ ،ﻓﻄﹼﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺋﻤﲔ ،ﲢﺮ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ،ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ، ﺍﹸﺩﻉ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻄﺮ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ،ﰲ ﻭﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ :
))
ﺍﻟﹾﺘﻤﺴﻮﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺸﺮﹺ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮﹺ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹶﺪﺭﹺ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﻘﹶﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺎﺑﹺﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﻘﹶﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺗﺒﻘﹶﻰ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٢ﺃﺭﺟﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﺎﺭ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﻳﻦ ،ﳌﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ )) : ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻠﹶﺔﹸ ﺍﻟﱠﺘﻲ
ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻧﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﺑﹺﻘﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔﹸ ﺳﺒﻊﹴ ﻭﻋﺸﺮﹺﻳﻦ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﺻﺒﹺﻴﺤﺔ ﻳﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﺀَ ﻻ ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٣ﻣﻦ ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺎ )) :ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻄﹾﻠﹸﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻓﻲ
-٤ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﻜﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻳﺎﹰ ﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ )) rﻳﻌﺘﻜﻒ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥﹶ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﱠﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ﺛﹸﻢ ﺍﻋﺘﻜﹶﻒ ﺃﹶﺯﻭﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ (( ﺃﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ .ﻭﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ )) : ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ r ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺩﺧﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺸﺮ ﺃﹶﺣﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻴﻞﹶ ﻭﺃﹶﻳﻘﹶﻆﹶ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﹶﻪ ﻭﺟﺪ ﻭﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺌﹾﺰﺭ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . ﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻔﹾﻮ ﻓﹶﺎﻋﻒ ﻋﻨﻲ (( ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻣﻦ • ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ )) :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻧﻚ ﻋﻔﹸﻮ ﻛﹶﺮﹺﱘ ﺗ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺍﻋﱳ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﺧﺮ ،ﻭﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] z`ÏiB ×Aqß™u‘ ÇÊÈ èpuZÉi•t7ø9$# ãNåkuŽÏ?ù's? 4Ó®Lym tûüÅj3xÿZãB tûüÏ.ÎŽô³ßJø9$#ur É=»tGÅ3ø9$# È@÷dr& ô`ÏB (#rã•xÿx. tûïÏ%©!$# Ç`ä3tƒ óOs9 $tB ω÷èt/ .`ÏB žwÎ) |=»tGÅ3ø9$# (#qè?ré& tûïÏ%©!$# s-§•xÿs? $tBur ÇÌÈ ×pyJÍh‹s% Ò=çGä. $pkŽÏù ÇËÈ Zot•£gsÜ•B $Zÿçtྠ(#qè=÷Gtƒ «!$# `(#qè?÷sãƒur no4qn=¢Á9$# (#qßJ‹É)ãƒur uä!$xÿuZãm tûïÏe$!$# ã&s! tûüÅÁÎ=øƒèC ©!$# (#r߉ç6÷èu‹Ï9 žwÎ) (#ÿrâ•ÉDé& !$tBur ÇÍÈ èpuZÉi•t7ø9$# ãNåkøEuä!%y zO¨Yygy_ Í‘$tR ’Îû tûüÏ.ÎŽô³ßJø9$#ur É=»tGÅ3ø9$# È@÷dr& ô`ÏB (#rã•xÿx. tûïÏ%©!$# ¨bÎ) ÇÎÈ ÏpyJÍhŠs)ø9$# ß`ƒÏŠ y7Ï9ºsŒur 4 no4qx.¨“9$# çŽö•y{ ö/ãf y7Í´¯»s9'ré& ÏM»ysÎ=»¢Á9$# (#qè=ÏHxåur (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# žcÎ) ÇÏÈ Ïp-ƒÎŽy9ø9$# •ŽŸ° öNèd y7Í´¯»s9'ré& 4 !$pkŽÏù tûïÏ$Î#»yz ª!$# zÓÅ̧‘ ( #Y‰t/r& !$pkŽÏù tûïÏ$Î#»yz ã•»pk÷XF{$# $uhÏGøtrB `ÏB “Ì•øgrB 5bô‰tã àM»¨Zy_ öNÍkÍh5u‘ y‰ZÏã ôMèdät!#t“y_ ÇÐÈ Ïp-ƒÎŽy9ø9$#
[ ÇÑÈ ¼çm-/u‘ zÓÅ´yz ô`yJÏ9 y7Ï9ºsŒ 4 çm÷Ztã (#qàÊu‘ur öNåk÷]tã
ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻫﻢ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺄﺗﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺤﺔ
ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ) ﳏﻤﺪ ( rﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﺻﺤﻔﺎﹰ ﻣﻄﻬﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ،ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﺓ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﻄﺄ ،ﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺪﻯ ﻭﺭﺷﺪ ﻭﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﲑ .ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﰲ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ؟ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻌﺜﺘﻪ ،ﻓﺠﺤﺪﻭﺍ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺃﻢ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻮﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ )) ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀَﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﹸﻮﺍ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ (( ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹸﻣﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،
ﻭﺇﺧﻼﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻪ ،ﻣﺎﺋﻠﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻤﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻳﺆﺗﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻛﺎﺓ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﻮ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ )) ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﷲ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﹰ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ (( . ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻛﲔ ﻣﺂﳍﻢ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺮ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺮﺃﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ﺃﻭﻟﺌﻚ ﻫﻢ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺮﺃﻫﺎ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺃﻛﺮﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ .ﺟﺰﺍﺅﻫﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺭﻢ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ ،ﲡﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺎﺭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﻼ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻭﻻ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ )) ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﻤﺨﺮﺟﹺﲔ((
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﳝﺎﻢ ﻭﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ؛ ﻓﻘﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ،ﻭﺭﺿﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻢ .ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﳌﻦ ﺧﺎﻑ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﺗﻘﺎﻩ ،ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻑ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻓﹾﺘﺮﻗﹶﺖ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺇﹺﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺛﻨﺘﻴﻦﹺ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﹶﺔﹰ ﻭﺗﻔﹶﺮﻗﹶﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺇﹺﺣﺪﻯ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺛﻨﺘﻴﻦﹺ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﹶﺔﹰ ﻭﺗﻔﹾﺘﺮﹺﻕ ﺃﹸﻣﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺛﹶﻼﺙ ﻭﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻓﺮﻗﹶﺔﹰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻮﻑ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺮﻗﺔ
ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ -ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﺎﺭﻯ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ -ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ .ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ! . ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﻐﲑﺓ ﻗﺎﻝ : r ﻇﹶﺎﻫﺮﻭﻥﹶ
((
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ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝﹸ ﻃﹶﺎﺋﻔﹶﺔﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹸﻣﺘﻲ ﻇﹶﺎﻫﺮﹺﻳﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺄﹾﺗﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﹶﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﻫﻢ
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﻢ :ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ r
ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ . -٢ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺮ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﻄﻬﺮﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ )ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻻ ﻳﻄﻬﺮ ﳒﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻏﹸﺴﻞ ﺑﻪ ( . -٣
ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ؟ ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻗﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ rﻷﰊ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﻣﺮﻧﹺﻲ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺮﺃﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻚ))
ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻫﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﺘﺎﺏﹺ (( ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻭﺳﻤﺎﻧﹺﻲ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻧﻌﻢ ﻓﹶﺒﻜﹶﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] )7‹Í´tBöqtƒ ÇÌÈ $olm; $tB ß`»|¡RM}$# tA$s%ur ÇËÈ $ygs9$s)øOr& ÞÚö‘F{$# ÏMy_t•÷zr&ur ÇÊÈ $olm;#t“ø9Η ÞÚö‘F{$# ÏMs9Ì“ø9ã— #sŒÎ ÇÏÈ öNßgn=»yJôãr& (#÷ruŽã•Ïj9 $Y?$tGô©r& â¨$¨Y9$# â‘߉óÁtƒ 7‹Í³tBöqtƒ ÇÎÈ $ygs9 4Óyr÷rr& š•-/u‘ ¨br'Î/ ÇÍÈ $ydu‘$t7÷zr& ß^Ïd‰ptéB [ ÇÑÈ ¼çnt•tƒ #v•x© ;o§‘sŒ tA$s)÷WÏB ö@yJ÷ètƒ `tBur ÇÐÈ ¼çnt•tƒ #\•ø‹yz >o§‘sŒ tA$s)÷WÏB ö@yJ÷ètƒ `yJsù
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳊﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻟﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﺰﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﺭﺟﺎﹰ ﻗﻮﻳﺎﹰ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ، ﻭﺃﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻓﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺗﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻨﻮﺯ ﻭﲣﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻨﻜﺮ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺫﺍﻫﻼﹰ . ﻓﺎﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺎﺎ ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺏ ﻭﺯﻟﺰﻟﺔ ؟ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮ ،ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺓﹰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻠﻪ ؛ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺃﻣﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﲣﱪ ﻓﺤﺪﺛﺖ ﺍﻣﺘﺜﺎﻻﹰ ﻷﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﳍﺎ .ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺮﺟﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻓﺎﹰ ،ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﺷﻘﻲ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ؛ ﻟﻴﺮﻭﺍ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻭﻳﺠﺎﺯﻭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺷﺮ .ﻓﻤﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺫﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ )ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻞ( ﺧﲑﺍﹰ ،ﳚﺪ ﺛﻮﺍﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺫﺭﺓ )ﳕﻠﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ( ﺷﺮﺍﹰ ،ﳚﺪ ﻋﻘﺎﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﺷﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻻ ﲢﻘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﻳﺴﲑﺍﹰ ،ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻚ ﲤﺮ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺴﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺀ ،ﻓﺄﻋﻂ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﻭﺃﻋﻂ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ .ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ :ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺮﺓ ؟ ﺃﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﺎﻓﻪ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺍﺗﻘﹸﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺑﹺﺸﻖ ﺗﻤﺮﺓ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺪﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺎﰎ ؟ .ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻚ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻓﻘﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺑﹺﻜﹶﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﹶﻴﺒﺔ (( .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻻ ﺗﺤﻘﺮﻥﱠ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺷﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻔﹾﺮﹺﻍﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻟﹾﻮﹺﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺇﹺﻧﺎﺀِ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﺘﺴﻘﻲ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ
ﺗﻜﹶﻠﱢﻢ ﺃﹶﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻚ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﺴِﻂﹲ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻻ ﺗﺤﻘﺮﻥﱠ ﺟﺎﺭﺓﹲ ﻟﺠﺎﺭﺗﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﻓﺮﺳﻦ ﺷﺎﺓ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻓﺮﺳﻦ ﺷﺎﺓ :ﻇﻠﻔﻬﺎ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ : ﺃ -ﻧﺼﻒ ﲤﺮﺓ . ﺏ -ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻃﻴﺒﺔ . ﺝ -ﻣﺎﺀ ﺗﺼﺒﻪ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺴﻘﻲ . ﺩ -ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﺧﺎﻙ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﺴﻂﹲ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ . ﻫـ -ﻇﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﺓ ،ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﲑ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ . -٢ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻛﺒﲑﻫﺎ ﻭﺻﻐﲑﻫﺎ ،ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﻻ ﻢ ،ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﻼﻑ ،ﺑﻞ ﻳﺒﺘﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﰒ ﻛﻠﻪ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﻟﻌﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )):ﻳﺎ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔﹸ ﺇﹺﻳﺎﻙ ﻭﻣﺤﻘﱠﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝﹺ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻥﱠ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻃﹶﺎﻟﺒﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ( .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ
ﺤﻘﱠﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﻧﻮﺏﹺ ﻛﹶﻤﺜﹶﻞﹺ ﻗﹶﻮﻡﹴ ﺤﻘﱠﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﻧﻮﺏﹺ ،ﻓﹶﹺﺈﻧﻤﺎ ﻣﺜﹶﻞﹸ ﻣ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ )) : ﺇﹺﻳﺎﻛﹸﻢ ﻭﻣ
ﻧﺰﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﺑﻄﹾﻦ ﻭﺍﺩ ،ﻓﹶﺠﺎﺀَ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺑﹺﻌﻮﺩ ،ﻭﺟﺎﺀَ ﺫﹶﺍ ﺑﹺﻌﻮﺩ ،ﺣﺘﻰ ﺣﻤﻠﹸﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻀﺠﻮﺍ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺧﺒﺰﻫﻢ ،ﻭﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﻣﺤﻘﱠﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﻧﻮﺏﹺ ﻣﺘﻰ ﻳﺄﹾﺧﺬﹾ ﺑﹺﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ﺗﻬﻠﻜﹾﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﱪﺍﱐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﻓﺘﺄﻣﻞ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ : ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﲡﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﺣﱴ ﻠﻜﻪ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳊﻄﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑ ﻋﻮﺩﺍﹰ ﻋﻮﺩﺍﹰ ،ﻓﺘﻨﻀﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ .ﻓﺎﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ ! ﻭﻓﻘﻚ ﺍﷲ . -٣ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ،ﻓﻠﻨﻜﻦ ﳑﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ،ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺓﹰ ﻟﻪ .ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﻓﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺷﺎﻫﺪﺓﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ . ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﻓﻜﹼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺩﺎ . ٩٠
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] z`ôÜy™uqsù ÇÍÈ $\èø)tR ¾ÏmÎ/ tbö•rOr'sù ÇÌÈ $\Û÷6ß¹ ÏNºuŽ•ÉóèRùQ$$sù ÇËÈ %Znô‰s% ÏM»tƒÍ‘qßJø9$$sù ÇÊÈ $\Û÷6|Ê ÏM»tƒÏ‰»yèø9$#ur ωt±s9 ÎŽö•sƒø:$# Éb=ßsÏ9 ¼çm¯RÎ)ur ÇÐÈ Ó‰‹Íky¶s9 y7Ï9ºsŒ 4’n?tã ¼çm¯RÎ)ur ÇÏÈ ×ŠqãZs3s9 ¾ÏmÎn/t•Ï9 z`»|¡SM}$# ¨bÎ) ÇÎÈ $ºèøHsd ¾ÏmÎ/ 7Ž•Î6y‚©9 7‹Í´tBöqtƒ öNÍkÍ5 Nåk®5u‘ ¨bÎ) ÇÊÉÈ Í‘r߉•Á9$# ’Îû $tB Ÿ@Å_Áãmur ÇÒÈ Í‘qç7à)ø9$# ’Îû $tB uŽÏY÷èç/ #sŒÎ) ãNn=÷ètƒ Ÿxsùr& * ÇÑÈ [ ÇÊÊÈ
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺪﻭ ﻣﺴﺮﻋﺔﹰ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺻﻬﻴﻞﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﻱ .ﻓﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﲝﻮﺍﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻭﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ .ﻓﺎﳋﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻐﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎﹰ ،ﻓﻬﻴﺠﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﺪﺧﻠﺖ ﺍﳋﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺸﺘﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺘﺎﻝ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﺮﺑﻪ ﻟﻜﻔﻮﺭ ،ﳚﺤﺪ ﻧﻌﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺤﺪﻩ ﻭﺇﻧﻜﺎﺭﻩ ﻧﹺﻌﻢ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﻟﺸﻬﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻓﺎﺗﻪ .ﻭﺇﻧﻪ ﳊﺐ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ) ﺣﺒﺎﹰ ﲨﺎﹰ( ﺃﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺭﺍﺀﻩ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﹸﺧﺮﺝ ﻣﻦ ﻗﱪﻩ ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺚ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ
ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ ،ﻭﺃﹸﺑﺮﺯ ﻭﺃﹸﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻭﺭ ﳑﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﹰ .ﺇﻥ ﺭﻢ ﻟﻌﺎﱂﹲ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ،ﻻ ﳜﻔﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻭﻣﺠﺎﺯﻳﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ .
٩١
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻗﻲ )) : ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻴﻞﹸ ﻣﻌﻘﹸﻮﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺻﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻴﺮ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻳﻮﻡﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﻐﻨﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﰊ ﻟﻚ ﺧﻴﻼﹰ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﷲ ،ﻻ ﺭﻳﺎﺀً ﻭﻻ ﲰﻌﺔﹰ ﻓﺎﻓﻌﻞ ،ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻴﻞﹸ ﻟﺜﹶﻼﺛﹶﺔ ﻟﺮﺟﻞﹴ ﺃﹶﺟﺮ ﻭﻟﺮﺟﻞﹴ ﺳﺘﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺭﺟﻞﹴ ﻭﹺﺯﺭ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺃﹶﺟﺮ ﻓﹶﺮﺟﻞﹲ ﺭﺑﻄﹶﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺒﹺﻴﻞﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻃﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﺝﹴ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺭﻭﺿﺔ ﻓﹶﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺝﹺ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺃﹶﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﹶﻄﹶﻌﺖ ﻃﻴﻠﹶﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﺎﺳﺘﻨﺖ ﺷﺮﻓﹰﺎ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺷﺮﻓﹶﻴﻦﹺ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﹶﺭﻭﺍﺛﹸﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﺛﹶﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﺃﹶﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﺕ ﺑﹺﻨﻬﺮﹴ ﻓﹶﺸﺮﹺﺑﺖ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺮﹺﺩ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺴﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻟﹶﻪ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﻟﻠﺨﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻮ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ .
((
-٢ﺇﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺟﺤﻮﺩ ﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺭﺑﻪ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ .ﻓﺘﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﺘﻨﻌﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻌﻢ -ﻣﻦ ﺍﷲ – ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻭﻻ ﲢﺼﻰ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻓﻴﻨﻔﻖ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺬﻳﺮ ،ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻊ ﰲ ﲰﺎﻉ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ ،ﻭﳚﻌﻞ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺍﷲ .ﺑﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﺎﻻﹰ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﻐﻴﺎﻧﺎﹰ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺣﻢ ﺍﷲ .ﻓﻠﻴﻨﺘﺒﻪ ﻛﻠﻨﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ،ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺘﻖ ﺍﷲ ﰲ ﻧﻌﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻻ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ . -٣ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻗﻞ ،ﺍﻧﺘﺒﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﺴﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ! ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻧﺪﺭﻱ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺘﻈﺮﻧﺎ ) ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺎﺕ ،ﲡﻨﺐ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ ،ﺍﺑﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﻴﺌﺘﻚ ( .ﻳﻘﻮﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻧﺲ )) : ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﹶﻮ
ﺗﻌﻠﹶﻤﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻋﻠﹶﻢ ﻟﹶﻀﺤﻜﹾﺘﻢ ﻗﹶﻠﻴﻼ ﻭﻟﺒﻜﹶﻴﺘﻢ ﻛﹶﺜﲑﺍ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺍﻟـﺪﺭﺩﺍﺀ :
ﻭﻟﹶﺨﺮﺟﺘﻢ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺠﺄﹶﺭﻭﻥﹶ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺣﺴﻦ( .
٩٢
))
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ĸ#t•xÿø9$$Ÿ2 â¨$¨Y9$# ãbqä3tƒ tPöqtƒ ÇÌÈ èptãÍ‘$s)ø9$# $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇËÈ èptãÍ‘$s)ø9$# $tB ÇÊÈ èptãÍ‘$s)ø9$# ’Îû uqßgsù ÇÏÈ ¼çmãZƒÎ—ºuqtB ôMn=à)rO ÆtB $¨Br'sù ÇÎÈ Â\qàÿZyJø9$# Ç`ôgÏèø9$$Ÿ2 ãA$t6Éfø9$# ãbqä3s?ur ÇÍÈ Ï^qèZ÷6yJø9$# î‘$tR ÇÊÉÈ ÷mu‹Ïd $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÒÈ ×ptƒÍr$yd ¼çm•Bé'sù ÇÑÈ ¼çmãZƒÎ—ºuqtB ôM¤ÿyz ô`tB $¨Br&ur ÇÐÈ 7puŠÅÊ#§‘ 7pt±ŠÏã [ ÇÊÊÈ 8puŠÏB%tn
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﳌﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻋﺔ ! ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺷﺪ ﻫﻮﳍﺎ ! ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ! ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺗﻔﺮﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﺫﻫﺎﻢ ﻭﳎﻴﺌﻬﻢ ﻭﻓﺰﻋﻬﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﻔﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ .ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻟﺼﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺰﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺛﺮ .ﻓﺄﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﻋﻴﺸﺔ ﻫﻨﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺎ .ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻔﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻳﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﺤﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺌﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺗﻪ ،ﻓﺄﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻭﻳﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳍﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻌﺮﻫﺎ . ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﺎ ﺍﳍﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻬﻮﻱ ﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ ! ﻫﻲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﻗﺪﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺷﺪﺎ .
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ :ﻟﺘﺤﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻛﺜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ ؛ ﻟﻴﺘﺮﺟﺢ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﻥ .ﻭﻟﹾﺘﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﻭﺗﺒﺪﻝ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﺕ ) ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ( . -٢ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ )ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ( ﻭﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﻨﺪﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ ،ﻫﻞ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﲢﻤﻠﻬﺎ ؟ ﻻ .ﻓﻜﻴﻒ ﺑﻨﺎﺭ
ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﳌﻦ ﺃﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻦ ﺍﷲ ﻭﻋﺼﺎﻩ ؟ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻧﺎﺭﻛﹸﻢ ﺟﺰﺀٌ ﻣﻦ
ﻀﻠﹶﺖ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﹺﻦ ﺑﹺﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻭﺳﺘﲔ ﺟﺰﺀًﺍ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺟﺰﺀًﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﹺ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻗﻴﻞﹶ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﹶﻜﹶﺎﻓﻴﺔﹰ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻓﹸ
ﻛﹸﻠﱡﻬﻦ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹸ ﺣﺮﻫﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
٩٣
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] &ÇÍÈ tbqßJn=÷ès? t$ôqy™ žxx. §NèO ÇÌÈ tbqßJn=÷ès? š’ôqy™ žxx. ÇËÈ t•Î/$s)yJø9$# ãLänö‘ã— 4Ó®Lym ÇÊÈ ã•èO%s3-G9$# ãNä39ygø9r £`è=t«ó¡çFs9 ¢OèO ÇÐÈ ÈûüÉ)u‹ø9$# šú÷ütã $pk¨XãruŽtIs9 ¢OèO ÇÏÈ zOŠÅspgø:$# žcãruŽtIs9 ÇÎÈ ÈûüÉ)u‹ø9$# zNù=Ïæ tbqßJn=÷ès? öqs9 žxx. [ ÇÑÈ ÉOŠÏè¨Z9$# Ç`tã >‹Í³tBöqtƒ
ﺃﺷﻐﻠﻜﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﺣﱴ ﻣﺘﻢ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺘﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ .ﻣﺎ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﻮﻍ ﻟﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﻌﻠﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻔﲎ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ .ﰒ ﻛﻼ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺩﺧﻠﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﺭ ﺧﻄﺄﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻟﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ .ﺣﻘﺎﹰ ،ﻟﻮ ﺃﻧﻜﻢ ﺗﻌﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﲔ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺧﺮﰎ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺃﻣﻮﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺃﻭﻻﺩﻛﻢ ،ﻭﳌﺎ ﺷﻐﻠﻜﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﺓ .ﻟﺘﺮﻭﻥﱠ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺑﺄﻋﻴﻨﻜﻢ .ﻭﻟﺘﺮﻭﻧﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔﹰ ﻳﻘﻴﻨﺎﹰ ﺑﻼ ﺍﺭﺗﻴﺎﺏ ،ﰒ ﻟﺘﺴﺄﻟﹸﻦ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﻌﻤﺘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺗﻠﺬﺫﰎ ،ﻫﻞ ﺷﻜﺮﰎ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺘﻤﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ؟ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﳓﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ .ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﺓ ،ﻭﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻏﺘﻨﻢ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺍ ﹾﻏﺘﻨﹺﻢ ﺧﻤﺴﺎ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﺧﻤﺲﹴ :ﺷﺒﺎﺑﻚ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﻫﺮﻣﻚ ، ﻭﺻﺤﺘﻚ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﺳﻘﹶﻤﻚ ، ﻭﻏﻨﺎﻙ
ﻚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﻓﹶﻘﹾﺮﹺﻙ ، ﻭﻓﹶﺮﺍﻏﹶﻚ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﺷﻐﻠﻚ ، ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﻣﻮﺗ
ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺇﹺﻧﻤﺎ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻣﻦ
ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺛﹶﻼﺙﹲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻛﹶﻞﹶ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻓﹾﻨﻰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻟﹶﺒﹺﺲ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﺑﻠﹶﻰ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺃﹶﻋﻄﹶﻰ ﻓﹶﺎﻗﹾﺘﻨﻰ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻓﹶﻬﻮ ﺫﹶﺍﻫﺐ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﹺﻛﹸﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱﹺ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ )) :ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻓﹶﺄﹶﻣﻀﻰ (( .ﺃﺧﻲ :ﺗﺼﺪﻕ ﻭﺃﻣﺾﹺ ﺻﺪﻗﺘﻚ . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺇﻧﻨﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ .ﻓﻠﻨﺤﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻷﻧﺼﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺯﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻭﺃﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ ﻭﻋﻤﺮ ﻓﺬﺑﺢ ﳍﻢ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺬﻕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﻞ ﻓﺄﻛﻠﻮﺍ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )) : r ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﹾﺴِﻲ ﺑﹺﻴﺪﻩ ﻟﹶﺘﺴﺄﹶﻟﹸﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢﹺ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﹶﺧﺮﺟﻜﹸﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻮﻉ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻟﹶﻢ ﺗﺮﺟﹺﻌﻮﺍ
ﺣﺘﻰ ﺃﹶﺻﺎﺑﻜﹸﻢ ﻫﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻧﺴﺄﻝ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻻ ﺑﺄﹾﺱ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﹾﻐﻨﻰ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺍﺗﻘﹶﻰ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔﹸ ﻟﻤﻦ ﺍﺗﻘﹶﻰ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﻨﻰ ﻭﻃﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﹾﺲﹺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺃﹶﻭﻝﹶ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺄﹶﻝﹸ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ
ﻳﻌﻨﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺒﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻴﻢﹺ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺃﹶﻟﹶﻢ ﻧﺼﺢ ﻟﹶﻚ ﺟﹺﺴﻤﻚ ﻭﻧﺮﻭﹺﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺎﺀِ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺎﺭﹺ ﺩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﳓﻦ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻪ .
٩٥
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] Èd,ysø9$$Î/ (#öq|¹#uqs?ur ÏM»ysÎ=»¢Á9$# (#qè=ÏJtãur (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# žwÎ) ÇËÈ AŽô£äz ’Å"s9 z`»|¡SM}$# ¨bÎ) ÇÊÈ ÎŽóÇyèø9$#ur [ ÇÌÈ ÎŽö9¢Á9$$Î/ (#öq|¹#uqs?ur
ﺃﹸﻗﺴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ )ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ( ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻟﻔﻲ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻼﻙ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﺆﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﻳﻄﻊ ﺭﺳﻠﻪ ،ﺇﻻ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺍﺗﺒﻌﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ rﻭﻋﻤﻠﻮﺍ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ) ﺑﺈﺧﻼﺹ ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ( ﻭﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ) ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ rﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﻣﺎ ﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ( rﻭﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ،ﻭﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺻﱪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺆﳌﺔ ) ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﺽ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ( .
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ :ﺃﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ : • ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﰲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺭﺍﺑﺢ ﺃﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻔﻜﺮ ﰲ ﻳﻮﻣﻚ ﻭﺳﺎﻋﺘﻚ ﻭﺩﻗﻴﻘﺘﻚ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻘﻬﺎ .ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻭﻗﺘﻚ ﻓﺎﻏﺘﻨﻤﻪ ) ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ ﻗﹶﺒﻞﹶ ﻣﻮﺗﻚ ( ﻓﺎﻣﻸ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺗﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ . • ﻭﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﻐﲑ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻮ ﰲ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺓ . ﺃﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺭﺍﺑﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺳﺮ ؟ -٢ﺣﻘﹼﻖ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ : ﺃ -ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﻕ . ﺏ -ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﺡ . ﺝ -ﺃﻭﺹﹺ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻞ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ ،ﻭﻛﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ :ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺬﺍ ، ﻳﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺬﺍ ،ﺣﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ،ﺃﻛﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻒ ،ﻭﻛﻞ ﺣﻖ . ﺩ -ﺃﹶﻭﺹﹺ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﱪ :ﺍﺻﱪ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺼﻴﺒﺔ ،ﺍﺻﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ ،ﺍﺻﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻭﺻﻰ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺻﺒﹺﺮﻭﺍ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻠﹾﻘﹶﻮﻧﹺﻲ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﻮﺽﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . ﺍﷲ rﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )) :ﻓﹶﺎ ٩٦
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ( žxx. ÇÌÈ ¼çnt$s#÷{r& ÿ¼ã&s!$tB ¨br& Ü=|¡øts† ÇËÈ ¼çnyŠ£‰tãur Zw$tB yìuHsd “Ï%©!$# ÇÊÈ >ot“yJ—9 ;ot“yJèd Èe@à6Ïj9 ×@÷ƒur Íoy‰Ï«øùF{$# ’n?tã ßìÎ=©Üs? ÓÉL©9$# ÇÏÈ äoy‰s%qßJø9$# «!$# â‘$tR ÇÎÈ èpyJsÜçtø:$# $tB y71u‘÷Šr& !$tBur ÇÍÈ ÏpyJsÜçtø:$# ’Îû ¨bx‹t6.^ãŠs9 [ ÇÒÈ ¥oyŠ£‰yJ•B 7‰uHxå ’Îû ÇÑÈ ×oy‰|¹÷s•B NÍköŽn=tã $pk¨XÎ) ÇÐÈ
ﺍﳍﻼﻙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺭ ﻟﻜﻞ ﳘﹼﺎﺯ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﻣﻐﺘﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ،ﻭﻟﻜﻞ ﳌﹼﺎﺯ ﺑﻔﻌﻠﻪ ،ﻳﺰﺩﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻳﺘﻨﻘﺺ ﻢ .ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺣﺼﺎﻩ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺆﺩ ﺣﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﻛﺜﹼﺮﻩ ﳊﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﺮ .ﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲨﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﺍﹰ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﻓﻼ ﳝﻮﺕ .ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻈﻦ ﻭﻳﺰﻋﻢ .ﻓﻠﻴﻄﺮﺣﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻄﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ .ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻄﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ ،ﻫﻲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﹸﻭﻗﺪﺕ ﻷﻋﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﷲ .ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻮﺏ ﲝﺮﺍﺭﺎ ﻭﺣﺮﻗﻬﺎ .ﺇﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻣﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ،ﻓﻼ ﳜﺮﺟﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻬﻢ ﻳﻌﺬﺑﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﻤﺪ ﳑﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ .
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﻟﺘﺤﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹼﻠﻤﺰ ﳍﻢ ) ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ :ﺫﻛﺮﻙ ﺃﺧﺎﻙ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ( ﺣﱴ ﻟﻮ
ﺗﻜﻠﻤﺖ ﺑﻜﻼﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﻜﺮﻩ ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﻏﻴﺒﺔ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ﳌﺎ ﺳﺌﻞ
ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺒﺔ )) :ﺫﻛﹾﺮﻙ ﺃﹶﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﹺﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﹾﺮﻩ ﻗﻴﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻓﹶﺮﺃﹶﻳﺖ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﺧﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻗﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ
ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪ ﺍ ﹾﻏﺘﺒﺘﻪ ﻭﺇﹺﻥﹾ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ .ﻭﻗـﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣـﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ :
)) ﻟﹶﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﹺﺝ ﺑﹺﻲ ﻣﺮﺭﺕ ﺑﹺﻘﹶﻮﻡﹴ ﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﺃﹶﻇﹾﻔﹶﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺤﺎﺱﹴ ﻳﺨﻤﺸﻮﻥﹶ ﻭﺟﻮﻫﻬﻢ ﻭﺻﺪﻭﺭﻫﻢ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺆﻻﺀِ ﻳﺎ
ﺟﹺﺒﺮﹺﻳﻞﹸ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻫﺆﻻﺀِ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﻳ ﹾﺄﻛﹸﻠﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻟﹸﺤﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ ﻭﻳﻘﹶﻌﻮﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﻋﺮﺍﺿﻬﹺﻢ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﺣﻢﹺ ﺃﺧﺎﻙ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻦ ﳑﻦ ﺍﻏﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﻌﺖ ،ﻭﺣﺬﹼﺭ ﺍﳌﻐﺘﺎﺏ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ
ﺤﻤﻲ ﻟﹶﺤﻤﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ )) :ﻣﻦ ﺣﻤﻰ ﻣﺆﻣﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻖﹴ ﺃﹸﺭﺍﻩ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺑﻌﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﻠﹶﻜﹰﺎ ﻳ
ﺍﻟﹾﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﹺ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻣﻰ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﹺﺸﻲﺀٍ ﻳﺮﹺﻳﺪ ﺷﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺣﺒﺴﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺟﹺﺴﺮﹺ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺨﺮﺝ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ )ﺣﺴﻦ( . ٩٧
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﺃﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﺭﺑﻚ ﺑﺄﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ؟ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺩﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻜﻬﻢ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻛﻴﺪﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺧﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﻫﻼﻙ .ﻭﺃﺭﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﻃﲑﺍﹰ ﰲ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ،ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻬﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﲝﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﲔ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﺥ ﺣﱴ ﲢﺠﺮ .ﻓﺠﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻛﻮﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺖ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻛﻠﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺎﺋﻢ ﰒ ﺭﺍﺛﺘﻪ ﻭﺩﺍﺳﺘﻪ .
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺇﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﺪ ﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﺍﷲ )ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ( ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻟﻚ ﻻﳏﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻨﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺣﺮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﷲ ؟ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺣﺮﻡ ﺁﻣﻦ ،ﻭﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻞ ﻣﻜﺔ ﻓﻠﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺑﻠﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻡ ،ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ،ﻓﻼ ﻳﻌﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺸﺎﺋﺶ ،ﻭﻟﹾﻴﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﺩ ﳌﻜﺔ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻴﺪﻩ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﺴﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﳍﻼﻙ .ﻓﻠﻴﺘﻖ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﻳﻮﻡ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ )) :ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ
ﺣﺒﺲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻜﱠﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﻴﻞﹶ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻂﹶ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﹺﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﹶﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺆﻣﻨﹺﲔ .... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
ﻭﻋﻨﻪ )) : rﻭﺇﹺﻧﻤﺎ ﺃﹶﺫﻥﹶ ﻟﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﻋﺔﹰ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﺭﹴ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻋﺎﺩﺕ ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﻮﻡ ﻛﹶﺤﺮﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﹺﺎﻷﻣﺲﹺ ﻭﻟﹾﻴﺒﻠﱢﻎﹾ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻐﺎﺋﺐ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] }\ü”Ï%©!$# ÇÌÈ ÏMø•t7ø9$# #x‹»yd ¡>u‘ (#r߉ç6÷èu‹ù=sù ÇËÈ É#ø‹¢Á9$#ur Ïä!$tGÏe±9$# s's#ômÍ‘ öNÎgÏÿ»s9¾Î) ÇÊÈ C·÷ƒt•è% É#»n=ƒ &[ ÇÍÈ ¤$öqyz ô`ÏiB NßgoYtB#uäur 8íqã_ `ÏiB OßgyJyèôÛr
ﺍﻋﺠﺒﻮﺍ ﻹﻳﻼﻑ ﻗﺮﻳﺶ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻬﻢ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻟﻔﻮﺍ ﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻦ ﻭﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﺎﺟﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻔﺎﺭﻫﻢ .ﻓﻬﻞ ﺷﻜﺮﻭﺍ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ؟ ﻓﻠﻴﻌﺒﺪﻭﺍ ﺭﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﺷﻜﺮﺍﹰ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﲝﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺷﺮﻓﻬﻢ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ )ﺍﻟﻜﻌﺒﺔ( .ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﻉ ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ ،ﻓﻠﻴﻔﺮﺩﻭﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ )) ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻳﻄﹾﻌﻤﻨﹺﻲ ﻭﻳﺴﻘﲔﹺ (( ، ﻭﺍﳉﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺋﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ )) ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻐﻨﹺﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﻉﹴ ((.
ﻭﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻟﻠﻌــــــــﺒﺪ : ﺃ -ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻜﺮ ﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻣﱳ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ .ﻓﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ .
ﺏ -ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﻉ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ
ﻀﺠﹺﻴﻊ ﻭﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﹶﹺﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﹺ ﹾﺌﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﹺﻄﹶﺎﻧ ﹸﺔ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻮﻉﹺ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻪ ﺑﹺﺌﹾﺲ ﺍﻟ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
ﺝ -ﻳﺸﺮﻉ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻻ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ
ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﹾﻢﹴ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﹶﻊ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﻠﹾﺐﹴ ﻻ ﻳﺨﺸﻊ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﹾﺲﹴ ﻻ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﺎﺀٍ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ .ﻓﻬﻞ ﻧﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﳓﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ: ﺃ -ﺃﻥ ﻧﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺁﻣﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﰲ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻨﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﻗﻨﺎ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ . ﺏ -ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﷲ ،ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ .ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﻦ ، ﻭﺍﶈﺮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﻑ ﻭﺭﻋﺐ .
ﺝ -ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﻌﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺇﺷﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﻮﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ .ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﹺﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﹾﻮﻯ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻮﺍ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻹﺛﹾﻢﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻌﺪﻭﺍﻥ
((
ﻭﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﺎﻓﺢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺪﺭﺍﺕ .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﻮﻓﻖ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
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ﺃﺭﺃﻳﺖ -ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ -ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ ﺑﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺴﺎﺏ .ﻓﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻜﺬﱢﺏ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﻈﻠﻤﻪ ﺣﻘﻪ ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺀ ﻓﻼ ﳜﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ .ﻭﻻ ﳛﻆ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻏﲑﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﻹﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ .ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳍﻼﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻠﲔ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺻﻼﻢ ﺳﺎﻫﻮﻥ ﺑﺘﺄﺧﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺷﺮﻭﻃﻬﺎ ﻭﺃﺭﻛﺎﺎ ﻭﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﺎ ﻭﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺪﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﳑﺎ ﳚﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ .ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻳﺮﺍﺀﻭﻥ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻻ ﳜﻠﺼﻮﻥ ﷲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ .ﻭﳝﻨﻌﻮﻥ ﺇﻋﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺭﺗﻪ . ﻓﻬﻢ ﱂ ﳛﺴﻨﻮﺍ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻢ ،ﻭﱂ ﳛﺴﻨﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﺣﱴ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺎﺭﺓ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﻫﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺘﺎﻣﻰ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
• ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﻢ ﺣﻘﻮﻗﻬﻢ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻇﻠﻤﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﺃﹸﺣﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻜﹸﻢ
ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﹶﻴﻦﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﺘﻴﻢﹺ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺃﹶﺓ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ) ﺣﺴﻦ ( .
• ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﺘﻴﻢ ﺑﻜﻔﺎﻟﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻪ ﳌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻢ . -٢ﺷﺠﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻭﻏﲑﻙ ﻭﺣﺚﹼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻛﲔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﶈﺘﺎﺟﲔ .
-٣ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺀ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺒﻴﺪ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺃﹶﺧﻮﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﺧﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﺍﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺀُ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٤ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ،ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﺍﻋﱳ ﺑﺼﻼﺗﻚ ﰲ ﻃﻬﺎﺭﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺃﺭﻛﺎﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺟﺪ ) ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﱠﻛﹶﺮ ( ﺑﺄﺭﻛﺎﺎ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻃﻬﺎ ﻭﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﺎ ﻭﺧﺸﻮﻋﻬﺎ .ﻭﻫﻞ ﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ؟ -٥ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺇﻋﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﺿﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﺭﺗﻪ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﲑ .ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﺭﺓ ) ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻮﺏ( ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺫﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﻳﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺬﹼﻡ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] )[ ÇÌÈ çŽtIö/F{$# uqèd š•t¥ÏR$x© žcÎ) ÇËÈ ö•ptùU$#ur y7În/t•Ï9 Èe@|Ásù ÇÊÈ t•rOöqs3ø9$# š•»oYø‹sÜôãr& !$¯RÎ
ﺇﻧﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻙ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﰲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ﺮﺍﹰ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﲑ ﻛﺜﲑ .ﻓﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻋﻄﻴﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﳋﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ؛ ﻓﺄﺧﻠﺺ ﻟﺮﺑﻚ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﷲ ،ﻭﺍﺫﺑﺢ ﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﺒﻐﻀﻚ ﻭﻣﺒﻐﺾ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺌﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﺪﻯ ﻭﺍﳊﻖ ،ﻫﻮ ﺍﻷﺑﺘﺮ ﺍﻷﺫﻝﹼ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﹸﻄﻊ ﺧﲑﻩ ﻭﺑﺘﺮ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ .ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﺖ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺫﻛﺮﻙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﺷﻬﺎﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻟﻠﻨﱯ rﺮﺍﹰ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻨﺔ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
• ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺧﲑ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ )) : ﺃﹶﺗﺪﺭﻭﻥﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻮﺛﹶﺮ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻠﹾﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﹸﻪ ﺃﹶﻋﻠﹶﻢ
ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻪ ﻧﻬﺮ ﻭﻋﺪﻧﹺﻴﻪ ﺭﺑﻲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻛﹶﺜﲑ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
• ﻫﻮ ﺮ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻭﱂ ﻳﺸﻖ ﺷﻘﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﺎﻓﺘﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ﻭﺗﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﻚ ﺃﺫﹾﻓﹶﺮ ﻭﺣﺼﺒﺎﺅﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆ ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ
ﺃﻧﻪ rﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻮﺛﹶﺮ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻬﺮ ﻳﺠﺮﹺﻱ ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺸﻖ ﺷﻘﺎ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺣﺎﻓﹶﺘﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﺆﻟﹸﺆﹺ ﻀﺮﺑﺖ ﺑﹺﻴﺪﻱ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﻜﹶﺔﹲ ﺫﹶﻓﺮﺓﹲ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺣﺼﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱡﺆﻟﹸﺆ ﻓﹶ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( ﻭﺭﻭﻯ
ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ .ﻭﰲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ )) :ﺣﺎﻓﹶﺘﺎﻩ ﻗﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺠﻮﻑ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
• ﺣﺎﻓﺘﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻫﺐ ﻭﳎﺮﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﻗﻮﺕ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ )) : ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻮﺛﹶﺮ ﻧﻬﺮ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﻓﱠﺘﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺫﻫﺐﹴ ﻭﻣﺠﺮﺍﻩ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻴﺎﻗﹸﻮﺕ ﺗﺮﺑﺘﻪ ﺃﹶﻃﹾﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺴﻚ ﻭﻣﺎﺅﻩ ﺃﹶﺣﻠﹶﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺴﻞﹺ ﻭﺃﹶﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﱠﻠﹾﺞﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
• ﺗﺮﺩﻩ ﻃﲑ ﺃﻋﻨﺎﻗﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﻋﻨﺎﻕ ﺍﳉﹸﺰﺭ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ )) : ﻣﺎﺅﻩ ﺃﹶﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻠﱠﺒﻦﹺ ﻭﺃﹶﺣﻠﹶﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺴﻞﹺ ﺗﺮﹺﺩﻩ ﻃﹶﻴﺮ ﺃﹶﻋﻨﺎﻗﹸﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹸ ﺃﹶﻋﻨﺎﻕﹺ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﺰﺭﹺ ،ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺃﹶﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﹾﺮﹴ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﹶﻨﺎﻋﻤﺔﹲ ،ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺃﹶﻛﹶﻠﹶﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﹶﻧﻌﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﻟﻠﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﻨﺤﻮﻩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . • ﺁﻧﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﻌﺪﺩ ﳒﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺀ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ -ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ -ﳌﹼﺎ ﺳﺌﻠﺖ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) ﺇﹺﻧﺎ ﺃﹶﻋﻄﹶﻴﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻮﺛﹶﺮ (( ﻗﺎﻟﺖ )) :ﻧﻬﺮ ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻴﻪ ﻧﺒﹺﻴﻜﹸﻢ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﱠﻢ ﺷﺎﻃﺌﹶﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻮﻑ ﺁﻧﹺﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﹶﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻮﻡﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٢ﺇﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮﻩ ﳏﻤﺪ rﻭﺃﺑﻐﻀﻪ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺳﺎﻓﻞ ﺣﻘﲑ ﺃﺑﺘﺮ ﻻ ﺧﲑ ﻓﻴﻪ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] O$tRr& Iwur ÇÌÈ ß‰ç7ôãr& !$tB tbr߉Î7»tã óOçFRr& Iwur ÇËÈ tbr߉ç7÷ès? $tB ߉ç6ôãr& Iw ÇÊÈ šcrã•Ïÿ»x6ø9$# $pkš‰r'¯»tƒ ö@è% [ ÇÏÈ ÈûïÏŠ u’Í<ur ö/ä3ãYƒÏŠ ö/ä3s9 ÇÎÈ ß‰ç6ôãr& !$tB tbr߉Î7»tã óOçFRr& Iwur ÇÍÈ ÷L–n‰t6tã $¨B Ó‰Î/%tæ
ﻗﻞ – ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ – ﻟﻠﻜﻔﺎﺭ :ﻳﺎ ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﺎﷲ ،ﻭﻛﺬﺑﻮﺍ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ،ﻻ ﺃﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﳍﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻠﺔ ،ﻛﺎﻷﺻﻨﺎﻡ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ .ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻋﺒﺪ ﺭﰊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻭﺃﺑﺮﺃ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ .ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﰊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﺒﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ ﻏﲑﻩ .ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺒﺪﰎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﹰ ،ﺑﻞ ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﺑﺪ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺣﺎﻻﹰ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﹰ .ﻭﻻ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼﹰ ﺭﰊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ .ﻟﻜﻢ ﺩﻳﻨﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ .ﻭﱄ ﺩﻳﲏ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﳊﻖ ،ﻓﻼ ﺃﺗﺮﻛﻪ ﺃﺑﺪﺍﹰ ﺣﱴ ﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ .
-١ﻭﺟﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻤﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺘﱪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ ﻭﺃﻫﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﻴﺲ ﲟﺆﻣﻦ ،ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ . -٢ﻳﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺑـ)) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ (( ﻭ )) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ (( ﰲ :
• ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﻑ ،ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
• ﺭﻛﻌﱵ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ،ﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ rﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ، ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . • ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ؛ ﻲﺀ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ، ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
• ﻗﺎﻝ )): rﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﺧﺬﹾﺕ ﻣﻀﺠﻌﻚ ﻓﹶﻘﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺨﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﹶﹺﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﺀَﺓﹲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻙ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ
ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
))-٣ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ (( ﺗﻌﺪﻝ ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ، ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ )ﺣﺴﻦ ( .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] )ωôJpt¿2 ôxÎm7|¡sù ÇËÈ %[`#uqøùr& «!$# Ç`ƒÏŠ ’Îû šcqè=ä{ô‰tƒ }¨$¨Y9$# |M÷ƒr&u‘ur ÇÊÈ ßx÷Gxÿø9$#ur «!$# ã•óÁtR uä!$y_ #sŒÎ ‘[ ÇÌÈ $R/#§qs? tb%Ÿ2 ¼çm¯RÎ) 4 çnö•ÏÿøótGó™$#ur y7În/u
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻧﺼﺮ ﺍﷲ ﻟﻚ – ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻨﺎ -ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻋﺪﺍﺋﻚ ﻭﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻜﺔ ،ﻭﺭﺃﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ؛ ﻓﱰﹼﻩ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺋﺺ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ،ﻭﺍﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﻐﻔﺮﺓ ،ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﺎﹰ ﳌﻦ ﺗﺎﺏ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺃﻧﺎﺏ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺩﻳﻨﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ )) rﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﺘﻢ ﻧﻮﺭﹺﻩ ﻭﻟﹶﻮ ﻛﹶﺮﹺﻩ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ (( ﻭﻗﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪ ﻧﺼﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﺫﹾ ﺃﹶﺧﺮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻳﻦ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺮﻭﺍ ...ﺍﻵﻳﺔ (( ]ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ . [٤٠:ﻭﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺒﻴﺔ ) ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺼﲑ ( ﻭﳏﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ؛ ﻓﺴﻮﻑ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﹾﺴِﻲ ﺑﹺﻴﺪﻩ ﻟﹶﻴﻮﺷﻜﹶﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﺰﹺﻝﹶ ﻓﻴﻜﹸﻢ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﺮﻳﻢ ﺣﻜﹶﻤﺎ ﻋﺪﻻ ﻓﹶﻴﻜﹾﺴِﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﻳﻘﹾﺘﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺨﻨﺰﹺﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﺰﻳﺔﹶ ﻭﻳﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺎﻝﹸ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﻘﹾﺒﻠﹶﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﺪﺓﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓﹸ ﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ . -٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺠﻮﺩ ،ﻓﻘﺪ )) ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻳﻜﹾﺜﺮ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ
ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻛﹸﻮﻋﻪ ﻭﺳﺠﻮﺩﻩ : ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺭﺑﻨﺎ ﻭﺑﹺﺤﻤﺪﻙ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺍﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﻲ ﻳﺘﺄﹶﻭﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ .
-٣ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎﺭ )) ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ
(( ))
ﺭﺏ ﺍﻏﻔﺮ ﱄ (( ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ r
ﻳﻘﻮﻝ )) :ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻟﹶﺄﹶﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻭﺃﹶﺗﻮﺏ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﻮﻡﹺ ﺃﹶﻛﹾﺜﹶﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺮﺓﹰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٤ﻟﻨﻜﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻧﺲ )) : ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﻷﺗﻮﺏ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﺰ
ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡﹴ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺮﺓ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . "ﻟﻨﺘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ "
-٥ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﺪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺗﻚ ،ﻓﻬﻮ ﺧﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﺴﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻛﹶﻠﻤﺘﺎﻥ
ﺧﻔﻴﻔﹶﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱢﺴﺎﻥ ﺛﹶﻘﻴﻠﹶﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺒﹺﻴﺒﺘﺎﻥ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦﹺ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻈﻴﻢﹺ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺤﻤﺪ ﻩ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ . ﻭﺑﹺ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ?ÇÌÈ 5=olm; |N#sŒ #Y‘$tR 4’n?óÁu‹y™ ÇËÈ |=|¡Ÿ2 $tBur ¼ã&è!$tB çm÷Ytã 4Óo_øîr& !$tB ÇÊÈ ¡=s?ur 5=ygs9 ’Î1r& !#y‰tƒ ôM¬7s [ ÇÎÈ ¤‰|¡¨B `ÏiB ×@ö7ym $ydω‹Å_ ’Îû ÇÍÈ É=sÜysø9$# s's!$£Jym ¼çmè?r&t•øB$#ur
ﺧﺴﺮﺕ ﻭﺧﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺪ ﺃﰊ ﳍﺐ ،ﻭﺿﻞﹼ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﺳﻌﻴﻪ ﻭﺧﺴﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺬﺍﺗﻪ ،ﻭﲢﻘﻖ ﻫﻼﻛﻪ ﺑﻜﻔﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ . rﻣﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ﻭﻛﺴﺒﻪ ،ﻭﻟﻦ ﳛﻤﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﺩ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﺨﻄﻪ .ﺳﻴﺪﺧﻞ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻳﺼﻄﻠﻲ ﺎ ﻭﳛﺮﻕ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻗﱡﺪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﳍﺐ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ .ﻭﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﲢﻤﻞ ﺍﳊﻄﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻮﻙ ﻭﺗﻠﻘﻴﻪ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﺃﺫﻳﺔﹰ ﻟﻪ ،ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻌﺬﹼﺏ ﻣﻌﻪ ،ﰲ ﻋﻨﻘﻬﺎ ﺣﺒﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ ﻳﻠﺘﻬﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﲢﺮﱘ ﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ،ﻭﲢﺮﱘ ﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺟﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ، ﻭﲢﺮﱘ ﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﲑﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ ،ﻭﲢﺮﱘ ﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪﻳﻦ .ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺆﺫﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﻠﻤﻮﺍ ﺃﻢ ﻳﺒﺎﺭﺯﻭﻥ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﶈﺎﺭﺑﺔ ،ﻭﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺳﻲ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﻟﻲ ﻭﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﻧﹺﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﹾﺤﺮﺏ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻭﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺫﻧﻪ ﺍﷲ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﺏ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻬﺰﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﻓﻞﹲ ﺣﻘﲑ .ﻓﻠﻴﺘﺐ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﻭﺍ ﺍﷲ ﺭﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﻘﻠﻌﻮﺍ ﻋﻤﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ . -٢ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ،ﺍﺣﻔﻆ ﻳﺪﻳﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ! ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﳛﻔﻈﻬﻤﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﻤﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ،ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ )) : ﻛﹸﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺍﺑﻦﹺ ﺁﺩﻡ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ ﻣﺪﺭﹺﻙ
ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻣﺤﺎﻟﹶﺔﹶ ﻓﹶﺎﻟﹾﻌﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺯﹺﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﹶﺮ ﻭﺍﻷﺫﹸﻧﺎﻥ ﺯﹺﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﱢﺴﺎﻥﹸ ﺯﹺﻧﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻴﺪ ﺯﹺﻧﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻄﹾﺶ .... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .ﻭﺭﺃﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﺭﺟﻼﹰ ﻗﺪ ﻏﹶﻔﺮ ﺍﷲُ ﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻴﺪﻳﻪ ،ﻓﻘﺎﻝ )) : rﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﹶﺎﻏﹾﻔﺮ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻓﻠﻴﺤﺬﺭ ﺃﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﰐ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺪﺍﻩ ﻣﻠﻄﺨﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ . -٣ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺐ ؛ ﻓﺘﻘﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻐﻴﺎﻥ ! )) ﻛﹶﻼ ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥﹶ ﻟﹶﻴﻄﹾﻐﻰ *
ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺭﺁﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻨﻰ (( ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺴﺐ ﻻ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ﻋﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻖ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ، ﻭﺍﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻭﻻ ﻟﻐﲑﻙ ،ﻓﺄﻧﻔﻖ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﺔ :
))
ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺁﺩﻡ
ﺇﹺﻧﻚ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺒﺬﹸﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﻀﻞﹶ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﹶﻚ ﻭﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻤﺴِﻜﹶﻪ ﺷﺮ ﻟﹶﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺗﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﻛﹶﻔﹶﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﺑﺪﺃﹾ ﺑﹺﻤﻦ ﺗﻌﻮﻝﹸ ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﻠﹾﻴﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﹾﻠﹶﻰ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٤ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ :ﺃﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ،ﻛﻮﱐ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓﹰ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ،ﻭﺍﺣﺬﺭﻱ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ، ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻭﺍﺣﺬﺭﻱ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺃﻱ ﳐﻠﻮﻕﹴ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ .ﻭﺍﺣﺬﺭﻱ ﺃﺫﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﻘﻮﻝﹴ ﺃﻭ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ .ﻭﺍﺳﻌﻲ ﰲ ﳒﺎﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ﻭﻗﻲ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﻭﺃﻫـﻠﻚ .ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ : r
))
ﻭﺍﻟﹾﻤﺮﺃﹶﺓﹸ ﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔﹲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺯﻭﺟﹺﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺌﹸﻮﻟﹶﺔﹲ ﻋﻦ ﺭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ ...
ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٥ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔﹰ ﷲ ﻋﺰ ﻭﺟﻞ ﺑﺸﻲﺀ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﺬﺏ ﺑﻪ ﰲ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ ،ﻓﺎﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺆﺫﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﲔ ﺑﺮﺑﻄﻬﻢ ﻭﺿﺮﻢ ،ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪﻭﺍ ﻟﻌﺬﺍﺏ ﺍﷲ ﳍﻢ ﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ ،ﺑﺮﺑﻄﻬﻢ ﲝﺒﺎﳍﻢ ﻳﻮﻡ ١٠٩
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻫـﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﺘﻬﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ )) ﻭﺟﺰﺍﺀُ ﺳﻴﺌﹶﺔ ﺳﻴﺌﹶﺔﹲ ﻣﺜﹾﻠﹸﻬﺎ (( .ﻭﳑـﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻗـﻮﻟﻪ )) : rﻭﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﺘﻞﹶ ﻧﻔﹾﺴﻪ ﺑﹺﺸﻲﺀٍ ﻋ ﱢﺬﺏ ﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭﹺ ...ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
١١٠
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] [ ÇÍÈ 7‰ymr& #·qàÿà2 ¼ã&©! `ä3tƒ öNs9ur ÇÌÈ ô‰s9qムöNs9ur ô$Î#tƒ öNs9 ÇËÈ ß‰yJ¢Á9$# ª!$# ÇÊÈ î‰ymr& ª!$# uqèd ö@è%
ﻗﻞ -ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ – ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﻖ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻛﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ،ﻭﻫﻮ
ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗـﻪ )) ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻛﹶﻤﺜﹾﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀٌ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺼﲑ((
.ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﺆﺩﺩﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﻓﻌﺎﻟﻪ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﻤﺪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺋﺞ ، ﻭﺗﻘﺼﺪﻩ ﺍﳋﻼﺋﻖ ﰲ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺎ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﹾﻌﻢ ﻭﻻ ﻳﻄﹾﻌﻢ ،ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ،ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺔ ،ﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﲎ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻩ ،ﻭﻏـﲑﻩ ﳏﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ .ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﻻ ﻧﹺﺪ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻭﻻ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ، ﻻ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺭﺑﻮﺑﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺃﹸﻟﻮﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﻻ ﰲ ﺃﲰﺎﺋﻪ ﻭﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ )) ،ﻟﹶﻴﺲ ﻛﹶﻤﺜﹾﻠﻪ ﺷﻲﺀٌ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻴﻊ
ﺍﻟﹾﺒﺼﲑ. ((
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ) :ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ( .ﻓﻴﺎ ﺃﺧﻲ ،ﻫﻞ ﲢﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﺃ ﺎ ؟ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﺑﻌﺚﹶ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺳﺮﹺﻳﺔ ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﹺﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺻﻼﺗﻬﹺﻢ ﻓﹶﻴﺨﺘﻢ ﺑﹺﻘﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ
ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻤﺎ ﺭﺟﻌﻮﺍ ﺫﹶﻛﹶﺮﻭﺍ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺳﻠﹸﻮﻩ ﻷﻱ ﺷﻲﺀٍ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ، ﻓﹶﺴﺄﹶﻟﹸﻮﻩ، ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻷﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﻔﹶﺔﹸ
ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦﹺ ﻭﺃﹶﻧﺎ ﺃﹸﺣﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺮﺃﹶ ﺑﹺﻬﺎ ،ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ : r ﺃﹶﺧﺒﹺﺮﻭﻩ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻳﺤﺒﻪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺨﺎﻥ .ﻭﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ )) :ﻭﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻛﹸﻞﱢ ﺭﻛﹾﻌﺔ (( ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٢ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻌﺪﻝ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ،ﻓﻠﻨﻘﺮﺃﻫﺎ !
ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻭﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻧﻔﹾﺴِﻲ ﺑﹺﻴﺪﻩ ﺇﹺﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﹶﺘﻌﺪﻝﹸ ﺛﹸﻠﹸﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁ ﻥ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ
. ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌﺠﺰ ﺃﺧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺎ ! ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﻷﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ )) :ﺃﹶﻳﻌﺠﹺﺰ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻛﹸﻢ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹶ ﺛﹸﻠﹸﺚﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ ﻓﻲ
ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔ ، ﻓﹶﺸﻖ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻬﹺﻢ ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸﻮﺍ :ﺃﹶﻳﻨﺎ ﻳﻄﻴﻖ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ، ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﻟﹾﻮﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺛﹸﻠﹸﺚﹸ ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٣ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ( ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﺫ ﺑﻦ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﳉﻬﲏ )) :ﻣﻦ ﻗﹶﺮﺃﹶ
ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺨﺘﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﺸﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻗﹶﺼﺮﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٤ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ) ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ( ،ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) :ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪr
ﺳ ﻤﻊ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺇﹺﻧﻲ ﺃﹶﺳﺄﹶﻟﹸﻚ ﺃﹶﻧﻲ ﺃﹶﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﹶﻧﻚ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻻ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻪ ﺇﹺﻻ ﺃﹶﻧﺖ ﺍﻷﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻠﺪ
ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻮﻟﹶﺪ ﻭﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻜﹸﻦ ﻟﹶﻪ ﻛﹸﻔﹸﻮﺍ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ، ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﻟﹶﻘﹶﺪ ﺳﹶﺄﻟﹾﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﹺﺎﻻﺳﻢﹺ ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺳﺌﻞﹶ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺃﹶﻋﻄﹶﻰ ﻭﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺩﻋﻲ ﺑﹺﻪ ﺃﹶﺟﺎﺏ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻦ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .ﻓﻠﻨﺪﻉ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻋـــﺎﺀ! -٥ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ، ( ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ ﺃﺑﻮ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ ؟ ) :ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺒﻠﹾﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻓﹶﺴ ﻤﻊ ﺭﺟﻼ ﻳﻘﹾﺮﺃﹸ ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ
ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﺪ ، ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺭﺳﻮﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ : r ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻭﺟﺒﺖ ، ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ :ﺍﻟﹾﺠﻨﺔﹸ ( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ(.
-٦ﻣﺮﺕ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺎ ﻣﻊ )) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ (( ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ )) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ (( .
-٧ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ﺭﺿﻲ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ )) :ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﹺﻲ r ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺃﹶﻭﻯ ﺇﹺﻟﹶﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﻛﹸ ﱠﻞ ﻟﹶﻴﻠﹶﺔ ﺟ ﻤﻊ ﻛﹶﻔﱠﻴﻪ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻧﻔﹶﺚﹶ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﻓﹶﻘﹶﺮﺃﹶ ﻓﻴﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ ﻭ ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﹾﻔﹶﻠﹶﻖﹺ ﻭ ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﺃﹶﻋﻮﺫﹸ ﺑﹺﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺛﹸﻢ ﻳﻤﺴﺢ ﺑﹺﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﹶﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻳﺒﺪﺃﹸ ﺑﹺﻬﹺﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﹶﻰ ﺭﺃﹾﺳﻪ ﻭﻭﺟﻬﹺﻪ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﹶﻗﹾﺒﻞﹶ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺴﺪﻩ ﻳﻔﹾﻌﻞﹸ ﺫﹶﻟﻚ ﺛﹶﻼﺙﹶ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ .
-٨ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ )) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ (( ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﺛﻼﺙ
ﻣﺮﺍﺕ .
-٩ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ )) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺃﹶﺣﺪ (( ﰲ ﺭﻛﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ،ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ) ﺳﺒﺢ ( ﻭ )) ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﻳﺎ ﺃﹶﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﹾﻜﹶﺎﻓﺮﻭﻥﹶ (( ﰲ
ﺍﻟﺮﻛﻌﺘﲔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺗﺮ ،ﺇﻥ ﺃﻭﺗﺮ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ .
١١٣
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ÏM»sV»¤ÿ¨Z9$# Ìh•x© `ÏBur ÇÌÈ |=s%ur #sŒÎ) @,Å™%yñ ÎhŽŸ° `ÏBur ÇËÈ t,n=y{ $tB ÎhŽŸ° `ÏB ÇÊÈ È,n=xÿø9$# Éb>t•Î/ èŒqããr& ö@è% [ ÇÎÈ y‰|¡ym #sŒÎ) >‰Å™%tn Ìh•x© `ÏBur ÇÍÈ Ï‰s)ãèø9$# †Îû
ﻗﻞ -ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ -ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺃﻟﺘﺠﺊ ﻭ ﺃﺳﺘﺠﲑ ﻭﺃﲢﺼﻦ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺒﺢ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻓﹶﻠﹶﻘﹶﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ
ﺻﺒﺎﺡﹺ (( ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﱃ ،ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﲨﺎﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ .ﻭﻣﻦ )) ﻓﹶﺎﻟﻖ ﺍﻹ ﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻇﻠﻢ ،ﻭﺷﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺣﺮ ﺍﻟﻼﹼﰐ ﻳﻨﻔﺜﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ؛ ﻟﻌﻄﻒ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺭ .ﻭﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﺣﺎﺳﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻇﻬﺮ ﺣﺴﺪﻩ ؛ ﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﺫﻫﺎﺎ .
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺗﻌﻮﺫ ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ .ﻭﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ
ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻗﺎﻝ :
))
ﻳﺎ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ )) ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ (( ﻭ )) ﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ (( ﻭ )) ﻗﻞ
ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ (( ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻮﺫ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﻦ ﺃﺣﺪ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ ) ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( .
-٢ﺍﻗـﺮﺃ ﻤﺎ )ﺍﳌﻌﻮﺫﺗﺎﻥ(ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﳕﺖ ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻗﻤﺖ ﻭﺍﺳﺄﻝ ﻤﺎ ؛ ﳊـﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ rﻗﺎﻝ
)) :ﻳﺎ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺃﻻ ﺃﻋﻠﻤﻚ ﺧﲑ ﺳﻮﺭﺗﲔ ﻗﺮﺋﺘﺎ )) ﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ (( ﻭ )) ﻗﻞ ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ (( ﻳﺎ ﻋﻘﺒﺔ ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻤﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﳕﺖ ﻭﻗﻤﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺄﻝ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﺬ ﲟﺜﻠﻬﻤﺎ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ
)ﺣﺴﻦ( . -٣ﻗﺮﺍﺀﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺃﺣﺪ ) ﻭﻗﺪ ﻣﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ( . -٤ﺍﻗﺮﺃ ﻤﺎ ) ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ( ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ . -٥ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺤﻮﺭ :ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻭﺭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺪﺭ ،ﻭﺗﺪﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺣﺠﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻼﻏﺘﺴﺎﻝ ،ﰒ ﻳﻘﺮﺃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ) ﻗﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﷲ ﺍﺣﺪ ( ﻭ) ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ ( ﻭ ) ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ( ﻭ ) ﺁﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺳﻲ ( ﻭﻳﻨﻔﺚ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ،ﻭﻳﺸﺮﺏ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺾ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﺴﻮﺍﺕ ،ﻭﻳﻐﺘﺴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ،ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ .ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﻗﻰ ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ )ﺍﳊﺴﺪ( .ﻭﺍﷲ ﺃﻋﻠﻢ . ١١٤
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ijk ] ÇÍÈ Ä¨$¨Ysƒø:$# Ĩ#uqó™uqø9$# Ìh•x© `ÏB ÇÌÈ Ä¨$¨Y9$# Ïm»s9Î) ÇËÈ Ä¨$¨Y9$# Å7Î=tB ÇÊÈ Ä¨$¨Y9$# Éb>t•Î/ èŒqããr& ö@è% [ ÇÏÈ Ä¨$¨Y9$#ur Ïp¨YÉfø9$# z`ÏB ÇÎÈ ÄZ$¨Y9$# Í‘r߉߹ †Îû â¨Èqó™uqム“Ï%©!$#
ﻗﻞ –ﺃﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻝ -ﺃﻋﻮﺫ ﻭﺃﻋﺘﺼﻢ ﻭﺃﲢﺼﻦ ﺑﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺧﺎﻟﻘﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻜﻬﻢ ،ﻣﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻭﺣﺎﻛﻤﻬﻢ ،ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲝﻖ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ ،ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﺱ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﺘﻔﻲ ﻭﻳﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺫﹸﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ .ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺳﻮﺱ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺭ ،ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﻃﲔ ﺍﳉﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺲ .
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ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
-١ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺬ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻢ ،ﻭﺗﻌﻮﺫ ﺎﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺗﲔ ) ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ( ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻭﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﹶ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻴﺬﹲ ﺑﹺﻤﺜﹾﻠﻬﹺﻤﺎ (( ﺻﺤﻴﺢ .
-٢ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺬ ﺑﺎﷲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻢ ،ﻟﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ )) :ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹶﺮﺃﹾﺕ
ﺍﻟﹾﻘﹸﺮﺁﻥﹶ ﻓﹶﺎﺳﺘﻌﺬﹾ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﹺﻴﻢﹺ (( . -٣ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﳜﻨﺲ ) ﻳﻬﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﷲ ( ﻓﻜﻦ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﺍﹰ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ! ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮﺓ
ﺿﺮﺍﻁﹲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ ﺻﻮﺗﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺳﻜﹶﺖ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﺳﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﺍﺀَ ﺑﹺﺎﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﺃﹶﺣﺎﻝﹶ ﻟﹶﻪ ﺭﺟﻊ ﻓﹶﻮﺳﻮﺱ ... ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٤ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﻛﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻔﺮﺍﹰ ﷲ ! ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﻭﻋﺰﺗﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺭﺏ ﻻ ﺃﹶﺑﺮﺡ ﺃﹸﻏﹾﻮﹺﻱ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻙ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﻣﺖ ﺃﹶﺭﻭﺍﺣﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺃﹶﺟﺴـﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﻗﹶﺎﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﺮﺏ ﻭﻋﺰﺗﻲ ﻭﺟـﻼﻟﻲ ﻻ ﺃﹶﺯﺍﻝﹸ ﺃﹶﻏﹾﻔﺮ ﻟﹶﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻔﹶﺮﻭﻧﹺﻲ
((
ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ ) ﺣﺴﻦ( .
-٥ﺍﺣﺬﺭ ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ .ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺶ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ .
ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ )) : ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺃﹶﻳﹺﺲ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻌﺒﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﹾﻤﺼﻠﱡﻮﻥﹶ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺰﹺﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﹾﻌﺮﺏﹺ ﻭﻟﹶﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﹺﻳﺶﹺ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ . -٦ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺳﻢ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﻚ ﻭﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﺘﻚ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﺍﺑﻚ ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺗﻴﺎﻥ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻚ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ،
ﺤﻞﱡ ﺍﻟﻄﱠﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻟﹶﺎ ﻳﺬﹾﻛﹶﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻋﻠﹶﻴﻪ... ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ rﰲ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺬﻳﻔﺔ )) : ﺇﹺﻥﱠ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﺴﺘ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ .
ﻭﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﺃﹶﻣﺎ ﻟﹶﻮ ﺃﹶﻥﱠ ﺃﹶﺣﺪﻫﻢ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺄﹾﺗﻲ ﺃﹶﻫﻠﹶﻪ ﺑﹺﺎﺳﻢﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﺒﻨﹺﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻭﺟﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﹾﺘﻨﺎ ﺛﹸﻢ ﻗﹸﺪﺭ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻗﹸﻀﻲ ﻭﻟﹶﺪ ﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﻀﺮﻩ ﺷﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹲ ﺃﹶﺑﺪﺍ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ . -٧ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ :ﺗﻌﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺷﻲﺀ .ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻗﻞ :ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻝ )) : rﻻ ﺗﻘﹸﻞﹾ ﺗﻌﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﹶﺎﻥﹸ ﻓﹶﹺﺈﻧﻚ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺎﻇﹶﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﹾﺒﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﻘﹸﻮﻝﹸ ﺑﹺﻘﹸﻮﺗﻲ ﻭﻟﹶﻜﻦ ﻗﹸﻞﹾ ﺑﹺﺴﻢﹺ ﺍﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﻓﹶﺈﹺﻧﻚ ﺇﹺﺫﹶﺍ ﻗﹸﻠﹾﺖ ﹶﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺼﺎﻏﹶﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﺜﹾﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﺬﱡﺑﺎﺏﹺ (( ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ )ﺻﺤﻴﺢ( . -٨ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ) ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻮﺍﺱ( ﺣﺮﻳﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻫﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺪ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﻌﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ،ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺧﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﱯ . rﻓﻠﻨﺤﺬﺭ ﺍﻻﳒﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﻪ ! ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺫﺓ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻴﻢ . ١١٦
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
ﺃﺧﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ :ﻟﻨﺤﺬﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﻃﲔ ﺍﻹﻧﺲ ،ﻓﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﻢ ! ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺴﺎﺩ ! ﻭﳓﻦ ﻧﺮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺴﺎﺩ ،ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﻘﻮﻥ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ ﳑـﻦ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﰲ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺫﻳﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻧﻮﺏ ﰲ ﺍﺘﻤﻊ .ﻓﻬﻞ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺎ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ،ﻭﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ،ﻭﺃﺧﺬﻧﺎ ﺍﳊﺬﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ؟ )) ﺍﻟﱠﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺳﻮﹺﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺻﺪﻭﺭﹺ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ * ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺠﹺﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱﹺ (( .
ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﲨﻌﲔ
b
١١٧
ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻋﻢ
n ﺟﺰﺀ ﻋﻢ م
اﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻮرة
اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ
م
اﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻮرة
اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ
١
اﻟﻨﺒﺄ
١
٢٠
اﻟﻘﺪر
٨١
٢
اﻟﻨﺎزﻋﺎت
٨
٢١
اﻟﺒﯿﻨﺔ
٨٣
٣
ﻋﺒﺲ
١٤
٢٢
اﻟﺰﻟﺰﻟﺔ
٨٦
٤
اﻟﺘﻜﻮﯾﺮ
٢٠
٢٣
اﻟﻌﺎدﯾﺎت
٨٨
٥
اﻻﻧﻔﻄﺎر
٢٥
٢٤
اﻟﻘﺎرﻋﺔ
٩٠
٦
اﻟﻤﻄﻔﻔﯿﻦ
٢٩
٢٥
اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ
٩١
٧
اﻻﻧﺸﻘﺎق
٣٦
٢٦
اﻟﻌﺼﺮ
٩٣
٨
اﻟﺒﺮوج
٤٠
٢٧
اﻟﮭﻤﺰة
٩٤
٩
اﻟﻄﺎرق
٤٥
٢٨
اﻟﻔﯿﻞ
٩٥
١٠
اﻷﻋﻠﻰ
٤٩
٢٩
ﻗﺮﯾﺶ
٩٦
١١
اﻟﻐﺎﺷﯿﺔ
٥٥
٣٠
اﻟﻤﺎﻋﻮن
٩٨
١٢
اﻟﻔﺠﺮ
٦٠
٣١
اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ
١٠٠
١٣
اﻟﺒﻠﺪ
٦٥
٣٢
اﻟﻜﺎﻓﺮون
١٠٢
١٤
اﻟﺸﻤﺲ
٦٧
٣٣
اﻟﻨﺼﺮ
١٠٣
١٥
اﻟﻠﯿﻞ
٧٠
٣٤
اﻟﻤﺴﺪ
١٠٥
١٦
اﻟﻀﺤﻰ
٧٢
٣٥
اﻹﺧﻼص
١٠٨
١٧
اﻟﺸﺮح
٧٤
٣٦
اﻟﻔﻠﻖ
١١١
١٨
اﻟﺘﯿﻦ
٧٧
٣٧
اﻟﻨﺎس
١١٢
١٩
اﻟﻌﻠﻖ
٧٩
اﻟﻔﮭﺮس
١١٥
١١٨