The Gwangju News is the first English monthly magazine for the general public in Korea, first published in 2001. Each monthly issue covers local and regional issues, with a focus on the roles and activities of the international residents and local Englishspeaking communities.
The Gwangju News is published by the Gwangju International Center: Jungang-ro 196-beon-gil 5 (Geumnam-ro 3-ga), Dong-gu, Gwangju 61475, South Korea
Tel: (+82)-62-226-2733 Fax: (+82)-62-226-2731
Website: www.gwangjunewsgic.com
Email: gwangjunews@gic.or.kr
Registration No. 광주광역시 라. 00145 (ISSN 2093-5315)
Registration Date: February 22, 2010
Printed by Jieum 지음 (+82)-62-672-2566
For volunteering and article submission inquiries, please contact the editor at gwangjunews@gic.or.kr.
From the Editor
In many ways, we can think of February as a month for preparation. Early on, I thought of Ipchun (입춘), the seasonal term of the Farmers’ Calendar that falls in early February, as meaning “enter spring,” though temperatures were still dropping below zero. I later realized that Ipchun was considered the time to prepare for spring –the time to check on the growth of the winter barley crop, to prepare for its harvest, and to prepare for the spring planting. Spring itself came a month and a half later with Chunbun (춘분), the spring equinox.
Similarly, we can think of the lunar new year, which just fell before the start of February this year, as a time for preparing, for planning out the year ahead and the months and weeks within. As for the Gwangju News, we too are making preparations for the Year of the Snake. In fact, the Gwangju News is constantly preparing. Preparations for our March issue began a month ago, and now with the publication of the February issue completed, we have begun preparations for the April issue. So as you see, we always have preparations underway for two issues at any one time.
So, what do we have prepared for our readers in this issue? We have a feature on a day of love and affection – Valentine’s Day, February 14 – and an intriguing discussion of the varying ways in which the day is celebrated in different parts of the world. This is a day that you too can prepare to celebrate.
Another of our features deals with the recent declaration of a short-lived martial law decree in step-by-step detail. With the president now detained and indicted, what remains is for the court to prepare to make a ruling in the case. Read also about the role that Gwangju citizens played in the protection of democracy in the nation.
Our cover feature is of the recent airliner tragedy at Muan Airport in which many lives were lost. In the face of this runway catastrophe, the response of the local citizenry was exceptional. What remains is for authorities to prepare regulations and inspections that prevent such a disaster from ever happening again.
And of course, we have prepared much more for your February reading enjoyment.
David
E.
Shaffer
Editor-in-Chief Gwangju News
Gwangju & South Jeolla International Magazine
Branches of Love
Hearts of snow artificially crafted on a leafless tree spreading love amidst the winter chill of Jeollanam-do.
A native of India, Neha Bisht is pursuing her PhD at Chonnam National University. She loves to meet new people and make new friends.
The Photographer
After 50 Years – A HalfCentury Comparison
Professional Development and Korea
– An Interview with Maria Lisak
Tasting the World: Global Cooking Community
Healing Through Strings: Genie's Ukulele Journey in Gwangju
& BEVERAGES
Hidden Coffee Shop Gems Near Gwangju: Recharge in Nature
Photo Credits
07. Woodlot, CC by 4.0, Wikimedia Commons, 11. Park Yeonju, 16. Lim Jung-ok (Mudeung Daily), 19. Courtesy of Roger Higbie.
Gwangju City News
Online Reservation System for Free Legal Counseling
The City of Gwangju has introduced an online reservation system for free legal counseling to enhance convenience for its residents. This new system replaces the previous phone-based booking method, allowing users to check available slots and make reservations at any time.
How to Reserve: Residents can access the service through the “Baro Reservation” platform on the Gwangju Metropolitan City website.
Counseling Schedule
• Tuesdays & Wednesdays: 2:00 – 5:00 p.m.
• Fridays: 9:00 a.m. – 12:00 noon
Important Notes
Each session is limited to 20 minutes per person. The service operates three times a week on a reservation basis and offers free legal advice on civil, criminal, family, and other legal matters from lawyers affiliated with the Gwangju Bar Association.
Gwangju G-Pass Initiated
Starting January 1 of this year, Gwangju implemented the Gwangju G-Pass program, a public transportation subsidy program designed to provide discounts and refunds for all age groups. The key benefits are as follows:
• Children (6–12 years): Free
• Teenagers (13–18 years): 50% discount
• Young Adults (19–39 years): 30% refund
• Adults (40–64 years): 20% refund
• Seniors (65 years and over): 50% refund
• Low-income households: Up to 64% refund
Important Note: Residents using the K-Pass card who take public transportation more than 15 times a month will automatically receive additional refunds through the G-Pass program.
Senior Citizen Taxi Service
Gwangju has become the first metropolitan city in Korea to launch a dedicated call taxi service for senior citizens. This initiative aims to improve mobility for older adults unfamiliar with digital technology.
How to Use
• Call the dedicated hotline: 062-525-5555.
• Provide your departure and destination details.
The service is free (no call charges), with users only paying the taxi fare. However, if the fare is under 5,300 KRW, a maximum call fee of 1,000 KRW may apply.
Compiled by Shin Gyonggu.
(Legal Services, by Nick Youngson, CC BY-SA 3.0, Pix4free)
(Image by ibrandify on Freepik)
Valentine’s Day A Day of Love and Affection
By Neha Bisht
Valentine’s Day – a day of love and romance is mainly celebrated on February 14 each year. On this day intimate partners, friends, and family show their love and affection to each other by exchanging gifts, going on outings, and having romantic dinners. But do you know why this day has become so popular worldwide? Here are some facts about its origin and significance, which include a mixture of history, legend, and traiditon.
Historical and Religious Origins
The day is often associated with Saint Valentine, a Christian martyr. There are several stories of different Saint Valentines, but the most commonly told is that St. Valentine was a priest in Rome during the reign of Emperor Claudius II (268–270 CE). The emperor had banned marriages for young men, believing single men made better soldiers. Valentine defied this edict and continued to perform marriages for couples in secret. Eventually, he was caught, imprisoned, and executed on February 14. Over time, his act of love and defiance was celebrated as a symbol of romantic love.
Pagan Influence
Some believe that Valentine’s Day was also influenced by the Roman festival of Lupercalia, which occurred in mid-February. This was a festival celebrating fertility, love, and the coming of spring. Some aspects of the festival, such as pairing couples through a drawing of lots, might have merged with the later Christianized celebration of St. Valentine.
Modern Celebrations
By the 14th and 15th centuries, the day began to be associated with courtly love, especially in Europe. It evolved into a day for expressing
love through poetry, gifts, and flowers. In the 18th century, it became more commercialized, with the exchange of greeting cards (valentines) becoming a popular tradition. In the modern world, different ways of celebrating Valentine’s Day have developed in different countries.
The following is a sampling of how the day is observed in a variety of countries around the world.
South Korea: In South Korea, Valentine’s Day is celebrated with its own unique customs and traditions that differ from those of many other countries. On February 14, women are the ones who traditionally give chocolates to men. This is a bit of a reversal from the Western custom, where men typically give the gifts. However, men return the gesture on what is called “White Day” (March 14), a month later, by giving gifts to the women who gave them chocolates. The gifts on White Day are often white-themed, such as white chocolate, candies,
jewelry, or other thoughtful presents. White Day gifts tend to be more expensive and elaborate than those given on Valentine’s Day. It’s a day for men to demonstrate their affection and gratitude in return for the chocolates they received.
If someone did not receive anything on Valentine’s Day or White Day, they can celebrate “Black Day” on April 14. This is a fun tradition for single people to come together and celebrate their single status. Black Day typically involves eating jjajang-myeon (a noodle dish with a black bean-paste sauce) at restaurants with other single friends. This meal
has become a symbol of “singleness” and is seen as a fun way to bond over being single, especially for those who may feel left out on the romantic days of Valentine’s Day and White Day.
India: Valentine’s Day in India has grown in popularity over the years, especially among the younger generation, thanks to increased exposure to global cultures, social media, and the influence of movies. In India, Valentine’s Day is often preceded by Valentine’s Week. Each day is dedicated to a particular activity where couples exchange gifts accordingly. The week starts with Rose Day, when especially red roses are gifted, a symbol of love. Valentine’s Week is also an opportunity for those friends and single persons who like each other and want to develop the relationship. Generally, the male partner gives gifts to their female partner, but nowadays, the female partner may also do the initiating. The younger generation has initiated another fun week that is the opposite of Valentine’s Week, where couples generally do mock breakups.
Among friends and family, Valentine’s Week is simply celebrated by giving flowers, chocolates,
greeting cards, jewelry, and personalized gifts, such as photo albums and handmade crafts.
Additionally, Valentine’s Day is not without its critics. Some conservative and religious groups in India oppose it, viewing it as a Western cultural invasion. Protests or campaigns promoting traditional Indian values sometimes occur, but these are becoming less common in urban areas.
Vietnam: In Vietnam, Valentine’s Day has gained popularity, particularly among the younger generation, as a day to express love and affection. While the celebration is influenced by Western traditions, it also incorporates unique Vietnamese cultural elements. Here people celebrate Valentine’s Day by exchanging gifts, posting love posts on social media, going on dinner dates, outings, and movies.
Some Vietnamese couples also observe White Day (March 14), a tradition borrowed from Korea and Japan. On this day, women reciprocate their expression of love by giving gifts to their partners. Single people often celebrate by exchanging gifts or spending time with friends. Valentine’s Daystyle celebrations with close friends are also becoming more common. Iconic landmarks, such as Hoan Kiem Lake in Hanoi or Nguyen Hue Walking Street in Ho Chi Minh City, are popular spots for couples to celebrate.
European Countries: Valentine’s Day in Europe is widely celebrated as a day of love and romance, but the traditions vary across countries, influenced by regional customs, history, and culture. People exchange gifts, such as red roses, chocolates, and cards. Couples often go out for dinners, plan romantic getaways, or exchange personalized gifts. In many countries, Valentine’s Day is also a time to appreciate family and friends, not just romantic partners.
In the United Kingdom, sending Valentine’s cards remains a strong tradition, with some people keeping them anonymous for mystery and fun. France, which is often considered one of the most romantic countries, celebrates Valentine’s Day by sending love letters and cards. Couples
enjoy fine dining, wine, and intimate moments. Unique gifts like poetry, personalized jewelry, or symbolic trinkets are popular. In Germany, pigs, as symbols of love, are often featured in Valentine’s Day decorations and gifts. Heart-shaped cookies and exchanging flowers and gifts are common.
Italians celebrate Valentine’s Day by giving the classical treat Baci Perugina (famous chocolate kisses, with romantic messages inside). Couples sometimes attach padlocks to bridges or fences as a symbol of their everlasting love. Fine dining and wine are staples of the celebration. In Denmark, gaekkebrev, secret admirer letters with playful rhymes, are exchanged. White flowers known as “snowdrops,” are gifted instead of roses. Here, Valentine’s Day is less commercialized and more about thoughtful gestures. In Sweden, it is known as Alla Hjärtans Dag (All Hearts’ Day), which is a modern celebration. Flowers and chocolates are common, and stores often market the day with heart-themed products.
In Poland, people go on pilgrimages to Chełmno, known as the “City of Lovers,” where the relics of St. Valentine are kept. Romantic dinners and thoughtful gifts are common. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, couples prefer celebrating May 1 as the day of love, visiting landmarks like Prague’s Petřín Hill and kissing under cherry blossoms. In Greece, while Valentine’s Day is celebrated, ancient traditions honor Eros, the god of love. Romantic gestures include giving flowers and jewelry, and having romantic dinners.
Some European countries have their own unique Valentine’s Day traditions. Estonia and Finland celebrate Friendship Day instead of focusing solely on romantic love. Friends exchange gifts and cards. In Scotland, Valentine’s Day often includes festivals, dances, or events for singles to meet potential partners. In Norway, the day is quieter, with couples exchanging heartfelt messages and small gifts.
USA: Valentine’s Day in the United States is a widely celebrated holiday focused on expressing love and affection for romantic partners, family,
friends, and even colleagues. Americans typically celebrate this special day by exchanging gifts, such as flowers, chocolates, jewelry, and cards. Couples show romantic gestures by going on dinner dates or giving special surprises and
personalized handmade gifts. Here, Valentine’s Day isn’t just for couples; singles often celebrate with friends, hosting “Galentine’s Day” (for gals) or “Palentine’s Day” (for pals) events.
Schools often host Valentine’s Day parties, where children exchange cards and small treats with classmates. Valentine’s Day is a popular day for marriage proposals. Many couples also choose this day for weddings or vow renewals. Some people do charitable acts on Valentine’s Day to spread love to those in need by volunteering; donating to charities; or sending cards to nursing homes, hospitals, or military personnel. The U.S. also represents the cultural significance of Valentine’s Day. It is not just about romance but also a broader celebration of love and kindness, making it an inclusive holiday for people of all relationship statuses and ages.
African Countries: Valentine’s Day is celebrated across Africa with unique variations influenced by local cultures, traditions, and modern trends. While many African countries follow global Valentine’s Day customs, such as exchanging gifts and romantic gestures, there are distinctive regional practices and cultural influences that make the celebration special. Many people use
Galentine’s Day, a modern-day variation.
make the celebration special. Many people use Valentine’s Day to appreciate their loved ones, including family members and friends, not just romantic partners. Red and white outfits dominate Valentine’s Day celebrations, symbolizing love and purity. Couples often coordinate their clothing to reflect unity and affection. In some communities, Valentine’s Day is seen as an opportunity to spread love and kindness, with people organizing charity events or community gatherings. Many churches host Valentine’s Day programs, emphasizing love, marriage, and family values. In countries with strong religious influence, Valentine’s Day may include workshops or sermons on healthy relationships. Here is how Valentine’s Day is celebrated in several different countries of Africa:
— Ghana: Valentine’s Day coincides with National Chocolate Day, celebrating Ghana’s status as one of the world’s largest cocoa producers. People exchange chocolates and attend chocolatethemed events.
— Ethiopia: Many Ethiopians celebrate a local equivalent of Valentine’s Day called Amecha, which focuses on love and friendship.
Today, Valentine’s Day is widely celebrated across the world as a day to show affection to loved ones through gifts, cards, flowers, and romantic gestures. It is not just limited to romantic love, as many people also use the day to express appreciation and affection for friends and family.
— Nigeria: Valentine’s Day is celebrated with vibrant fashion, romantic outings, and elaborate surprises. Some people use the occasion to visit orphanages or give back to the community.
— South Africa: Couples write their lover’s names on their sleeves as part of the old Roman tradition, Lupercalia. Romantic dinners and outings are common.
— Kenya: Urban areas see a blend of global traditions like gift-giving and romantic dates, while rural areas often celebrate with community gatherings or church events.
The Author
A native of India, Neha Bisht is pursuing her PhD research at Chonnam National University’s School of Materials Science and Engineering. She loves to meet new people and make new friends. Neha endeavors to contribute to the wellbeing of society in whatever way she can.
Photo Credits Boxed chocolates. (Woodlot, CC BY 4.0, Wikimedia Commons). Valentine’s Day cupcake bouquet. (Georges Aoun, CC BY 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons).
Midnight Martial Law and Defense of Democracy
By Park Yeonju
"10:23 p.m., December 3, 2024. In the Presidential Office in Yongsan, Seoul, South Korea President Yoon Suk Yeol declares martial law without any prior notice.”
“M
y fellow citizens, I am declaring martial law to protect the free Republic of Korea from the threats posed by North Korean communist forces, to eradicate the shameless pro-North anti-state elements that are robbing our people of their freedom and happiness, and to uphold the constitutional order of freedom.”
As the day was coming to an end, the sudden declaration of martial law threw South Korea into chaos. On social media, some users posted reactions like “What’s going on?” “Are we really living in 2024?” and “They’re probably just trying to scare us and will back off soon.” Due to the recent noisy political clashes between the ruling and opposition parties, some citizens reacted indifferently, some were overwhelmed with confusion, and others expressed fatigue with Korean politics once again. It felt as though a shadow of the “midnight turmoil” was descending upon South Korea.
From the moment martial law was declared, the situation in South Korea was broadcast live on TV with vivid detail. That night, what the people of South Korea witnessed left everyone in shock. The scenes unfolding on television threw citizens, who had shown indifference earlier,
into a sudden state of fear. As soon as martial law had been declared, even the political realm, which had, until recently, been engaged in heated debates, united in condemning the declaration as an “illegal martial law.” The members of the National Assembly from both the ruling and opposition parties began rushing to the Assembly hall. Even Han Dong-hoon, the leader of the ruling People Power Party, strongly expressed that the president’s declaration of martial law was both unlawful and unconstitutional.
To lift the martial law, the members of the National Assembly from both the ruling and opposition parties quickly headed to the Assembly building. However, the path to the National Assembly – one of the three pillars supporting the separation of powers in South Korea, tasked with creating the nation’s laws as representatives of the people’s sovereignty –began to be blocked. How could it make sense for the members of the National Assembly to be prevented from entering the Assembly building?
Despite the late hour, citizens gathered in front of the National Assembly. In the darkness that had fallen over Yeoui-do, they united to shine the light of democracy. Ordinarily, citizens were allowed access to the National Assembly,
but in a situation where even the members of the National Assembly were being blocked from entering, it was unthinkable for citizens to be granted access.
The streets leading to the Assembly were swiftly blocked by the police, and within about 30 minutes of the martial law declaration, the outer gates to the Assembly building were closed. Woo Won-shik, the speaker of the National Assembly, climbed over the wall to enter the Assembly building in order to pass a resolution demanding the lifting of martial law. The area in front of the National Assembly was packed with a huge crowd of citizens.
The police stood firm, blocking the entrance to the Assembly without a hint of hesitation. The members of the Assembly shouted, “Who gave you these orders?” and “It doesn't even make sense to block the members of the National Assembly!” Despite the heated exchanges, the police resolutely maintained control over the Assembly. Amid the chaos, citizens who gathered in front of the National Assembly faster than anyone else united with the members of the Assembly, acting as one to ensure the smooth lifting of martial law in that critical moment.
Many citizens watching all the events unfold on TV from their homes could not help but be shocked. The martial law forces, in their attempt to block the members of the National Assembly, broke windows and doors to enter the Assembly, displaying behavior that was hard to believe to be coming from fellow Koreans. The sight of armed soldiers carrying out operations with guns drawn was a scene unimaginable in 2024. Inside the National Assembly, more than 190 members of the National Assembly, surpassing the majority of its total members, gathered. Speaker Woo Won-shik promptly convened a plenary session to lift martial law.
The result: Unanimous approval by all attending members.
Under Article 77 of the Constitution, if the National Assembly demands the lifting of martial
law with the approval of a majority of its members, the president is legally obligated to comply. Around 1 a.m., approximately three hours after martial law was declared, President Yoon Suk Yeol was legally bound to lift it. Immediately after the resolution to lift martial law was passed, the martial law forces began retreating. The intense confrontation that had defined the dark early hours of the new day quickly dissipated. Despite the earlier clashes, the citizens present warmly consoled the martial law forces, who were, after all, someone’s sons as well. Some soldiers even apologized, saying, “We’re sorry,” as they departed from the National Assembly area.
The following day, December 4, President Yoon delivered an address to the nation at around 4:27 a.m. from the presidential office in Yongsan, announcing the official lifting of martial law. The midnight martial law turmoil had come to an end in just six hours.
The aftermath of those six hours was immense. According to the Constitution, the declaration of martial law requires prior notification to the National Assembly. However, this martial law was a “surprise declaration,” known only to Yoon Suk Yeol and a select few political figures. Both the members of the National Assembly and the citizens demonstrated strong actions to impeach Yoon Suk Yeol for proclaiming an unconstitutional martial law.
So, what about Gwangju? In 1980, just like in 2024’s surprise declaration, Gwangju endured martial law. Under the name of martial law, the ruthless violence of the martial law forces dominated the city. The citizens of Gwangju had no choice but to fight back against the martial law special forces, standing alone in their struggle, which came to be known as the May 18 Gwangju Uprising. Gwangju was isolated from the rest of the country and from the outside world in 1980, and in the process of defending democracy, it suffered immense sacrifices and pain.
But times have changed. We now live in an era where anyone can raise their voice, and it has become much harder to suppress democracy
through force. During the December 3 martial law that struck fear into the entire nation, the people of Gwangju, the “City of Democracy,” were more active than anyone else, taking to the streets to stand for democracy.
Not only where there crowds in front of the National Assembly in Seoul but also in Gwangju a mass of people gathered at May 18 Democracy Square, where tens of thousands of Gwangju citizens had gathered during the May 18 Gwangju Uprising. The plaza became a site for the defense to democracy in 2024. After the declaration of martial law, the first nationwide effort that needed to be accomplished was the passage of the Yoon Suk Yeol impeachment motion.
On December 7, 2024, four days after martial law, the impeachment motion required approval by at least two-thirds of all National Assembly members, which amounted to more than 200 votes. However, among the 108 members of the ruling People Power Party, only three attended the session, leaving the motion five votes short of the number needed for passage. As a result, the impeachment motion was automatically dismissed.
The people surrounded the National Assembly even on that cold day, ensuring that the members of the National Assembly could hear the voice of the public and that the impeachment motion could pass. Gwangju was no different. Just as in 1980, Gwangju citizens gathered together,
holding signs that read “Yoon Suk Yeol, Resign,” and lighting up the streets even in the freezing cold. Despite the icy-cold weather, it was a moment when the determination to uphold the value of democracy burned brightest.
Not only in front of the National Assembly but also in Gwangju and across the nation, people had no choice but to witness the impeachment motion being dismissed. But this was only the beginning. Even after the impeachment motion was rejected, the people stayed in place for an extended period of time, pledging to gather again over the weekend, to join forces, and to raise their voices for “Yoon Suk Yeol, Resign!”
The rallies of 2024 were not entirely somber. The MZ generation who took to the streets brought their favorite idols’ light sticks, creating a colorful display of lights. Singing Girls’ Generation’s “Into the New World,” they fostered an uplifting atmosphere, hoping for South Korea to once again become a strong democratic nation. Even as the bitter wind blew, the combination of light sticks and songs made the protests feel inviting and open to anyone who wanted to join.
With one week remaining until the vote on Yoon Suk Yeol’s second impeachment motion, the lights in front of the National Assembly continued to shine, even on weekday evenings. Universities across the nation also began raising their voices. At Chonnam National University, a student assembly was convened on December 12 to propose a resolution calling for Yoon Suk Yeol’s resignation following the declaration of martial law. To proceed, 1,426 students, which is 10% of the enrolled student population, needed to attend. Initially, the assembly fell short of the required quorum, but within five hours, 1,500 students gathered, allowing the meeting to proceed. The event included speeches from the student council president, student representatives, and open discussions by participating students in which voices calling for Yoon Suk Yeol’s resignation were heard.
The results of the vote: 1,467 votes in favor, 5 votes against, and 28 abstentions.
Chonnam National University student assembly, convened on December 12.
With an overwhelming majority of votes in favor, the resolution for resignation was passed, and applause erupted on the spot. Forty-four years ago, during the May 18 Democratic Movement, Chonnam National University stood at the center of the fight to defend democracy. This was a particularly meaningful moment, as it represented the voice of Chonnam National University, where the historic spirit of democracy still lives on. Despite it being final exam period, the participation of students demonstrated that the spirit of democracy at Chonnam National University remains deeply rooted, reaffirming its enduring legacy.
And on Saturday, December 14, a decisive moment came once again. It was estimated that around one million people gathered in front of the National Assembly, and in Gwangju, Geumnamro and other main thoroughfares were closed as countless citizens took to the streets.
The members of the People Power Party, who initially refused to participate in the impeachment vote, changed their stance after hours of internal meetings, deciding to take part in the vote. No one could predict what decision they would make, whether they would respond to the voices of the people or support the president. What outcome awaited was unclear. That morning, students at Chonnam National University gathered once again. They unified their determination for Yoon Suk Yeol to resignation and reenacted the street marches carried out during the May 18 Gwangju Uprising. After singing “March for the Beloved,” a song very closely associated with the uprising, they headed to Geumnam-ro to join the Gwangju Citizens’ Rally. Everyone was watching the situation at the National Assembly through live broadcasts. As the members of the National Assembly appeared one by one and the voting concluded, the streets were filled with an overwhelming sense of tension.
And then at 5 p.m., Speaker of the National Assembly Woo Won-shik declared, “The impeachment motion against President Yoon Suk Yeol has been passed with 204 votes in favor, 85 against, 3 abstentions, and 8 invalid
votes.” The streets erupted with cheers as people embraced one another, chanting, “The people have won.” On Gwangju’s Geumnam-ro, the area was packed with over 40,000 citizens. Despite the cold weather, the spirit of sharing remained warm, with fish cake soup and rice balls (another symbol of the Gwangju Uprising) prepared by the May Mothers’ House being distributed to the crowd.
“The democratic spirit of the people of Gwangju is
alive and well.”
It was a moment where the people of South Korea came together as one to reclaim democracy. And for Gwangju, it was an especially emotional moment. Forty-four years after the previous martial law, the citizens of Gwangju once again embodied the “Spirit of Gwangju,” leading in the victory for democracy. In 1980, Gwangju had to fight a lonely battle, but now it stands as the leading city in the nationwide fight for democracy. Once again, Gwangju has written a new chapter in its history as a stalwart of democracy.
After the impeachment motion against Yoon Suk Yeol passed, Prime Minister Han Duck-soo assumed the role of acting president. However, with Han himself impeached soon after, the authority has now shifted to Vice Premier Choi Sang-mok. The people demonstrated a significant democratic victory over martial law, but South Korean politics still faces numerous challenges.
A heated debate between the ruling and opposition parties commemced over whether to arrest Yoon Suk Yeol on charges of treason. Protests in the streets remained constant, even into 2025. In Gwangju, people once again gathered at the May 18 Democracy Square, chanting “Arrest Yoon Suk Yeol.” In Seoul, groups advocated for the protection of Yoon Suk Yeol, while others continued to demand his arrest.
On January 15, at 10:33 a.m., 43 days after the declaration of emergency martial law on Yeol was executed. This marked the first time in
constitutional history that a sitting president was arrested. On January 3, the first arrest warrant could not be executed, as it was blocked by the Presidential Security Service protecting Yoon Seok Yeol. Additionally, Yoon’s legal team argued that the warrant was unconstitutional and illegal.
And again, on January 15, starting at 4:10 a.m., the police and the Corruption Investigation Office for High-Ranking Officials (CIO) attempted to execute the second arrest warrant in front of the presidential residence in Hannamdong, Seoul. Yoon Seok Yeol’s legal team and some members of the People Power Party once again blocked the CIO, while the area around the residence filled with Yoon’s supporters, causing ongoing commotion. The CIO and the police gradually broke through the barriers in front of the residence, using ladders to climb over vehicle barricades. Finally, at 10:33 a.m., Yoon was arrested.
Immediately after his arrest, Yoon Seok Yeol released a pre-recorded public address video. In the video, he claimed that both the CIO investigation and the court’s issuance of the warrant on the 15th were illegal, stating, “The rule of law in this country has completely collapsed.” He also firmly maintained his stance that he was not arrested but had “voluntarily appeared” before the authorities.
Korea seems to be entering another prolonged battle. Although Yoon Seok Yeol has been arrested, it remains uncertain whether the investigation will proceed smoothly or whether he will be formally detained. The path to uncovering the truth behind the December 3 treason is still long and arduous. This is merely the first step in holding Yoon and those who supported him accountable. It is expected that they will employ every possible means to evade the law, as they have demonstrated such behavior in the past. Additionally, attention is now focused on how the Constitutional Court will rule on the impeachment.
On December 3, 2024, the people of South Korea achieved victory against Yoon Suk Yeol’s martial law by their fervent support of democracy.
However, the ongoing unresolved political disputes that have followed raise questions about the direction in which South Korea is headed. What remains unchanged, though, is the fact that countless citizens came together as one. The democratic spirit of the people of Gwangju is alive and well. While we must wait to see how South Korean politics unfolds in 2025, we must not forget that we live in a democratic nation. It is a value that must continue to be upheld in the future.
The Author
Park Yeonju is an undergraduate at Chonnam National University, majoring in political science and diplomacy as well as Chinese language and literature. Her third major is international development cooperation studies. She was born and raised in Gwangju and wants to promote the colorfulness of the city that she has been a part of for so long. Also, she wants to deliver various voices of the world. It is her dream to become a true journalist by inheriting the spirit of May 18.
Photographs by Park Yeonju.
The impeachment rally for Yoon Suk Yeol held by Gwangju citizens at the May 18 Memorial Square on December 7.
The Jeju Air Tragedy
A Nation’s Grief and Unity
On December 29, 2024, South Korea experienced one of its most devastating aviation disasters when Jeju Air Flight 2216 crashed at Muan International Airport. This tragic incident not only claimed numerous lives but also sparked a nationwide outpouring of grief, support, and reflection on airline safety and disaster response.
The Crash: Causes and Consequences
Jeju Air Flight 2216, a Boeing 737-800 aircraft, was scheduled to land at Muan International Airport after departing from Suvarnabhumi Airport in Bangkok, Thailand. The flight carried 175 passengers and a crew of six, including 173 South Koreans and two Thai nationals. Eighty one were Gwangju City residents.
As the aircraft approached Muan Airport, it encountered a series of critical issues. At 8:57 a.m. local time, the flight crew received a bird strike warning and issued a “Mayday” distress call one minute later. The pilots attempted to land on Runway 1 but were unable to deploy the landing gear properly, forcing them to abort the landing and circle back.
During the second landing attempt, the aircraft performed a belly landing, touching down near the middle of the runway. Unable to slow down sufficiently, it overran the runway and collided with a concrete structure supporting the localizer antenna. This impact caused severe damage to the aircraft, resulting in a fire.
The consequences were catastrophic. Of the 181 people on board, 179 lost their lives, making it the third deadliest accident involving a South Korean aircraft and the deadliest aviation disaster on South Korean soil. Only two flight attendants, seated in the rear jump seats, survived, sustaining injuries ranging from moderate to severe.
A Nation in Mourning: Condolences and Support
The tragedy sent shock waves throughout South Korea and beyond. The government declared a seven-day national mourning period from December 29 to January 4. Flags were flown at half-staff, and public officials wore mourning ribbons.
The outpouring of grief was evident in the long lines of people waiting to pay their respects at the various memorial altars set up across the country. In Muan, where the crash occurred, citizens formed queues stretching for kilometers, patiently waiting their turn to offer condolences.
Local businesses and individuals contributed to the mourning process in various ways. On the staircase railing leading to the second floor, messages commemorating the victims were inscribed.
Park Jong-seon (46), who came to Muan from Gwangju, brought his son Ji-on (6), who carefully
The wreckage of Jeju Air Flight 2216 at Muan Airport.
A line of mourners stretching hundreds of meters outside Muan International Airport.
wrote “Be happy in heaven” in a note, stroke by stroke. Park said, “It’s particularly heartbreaking that this accident happened in our region, affecting young children and families who went on a trip with their elderly parents. I hope such a painful event won’t be repeated in the new year.”
Many citizens volunteered their time to assist in managing the memorial sites, directing traffic, and providing support to the bereaved families. Flower shops offered discounts on white chrysanthemums, the traditional flower of mourning in Korea. Restaurants near the memorial sites and even some from Gwangju provided free meals to visiting mourners. For example, Chef An Yu-seong visited Muan Airport on December 30 with 200 servings of kimbap. On January 1, he prepared 700 servings of abalone porridge, in addition to ddeokgalbi and kimchi, along with his fellow chefs Choi Ji-hyeong, Bang Gi-su, and Baek Gyeong-jun. Restaurants near the memorial sites added 300 servings of abalone porridge.
Government and Civil Service Response
In the wake of the disaster, government agencies and civil servants mobilized quickly to provide support and assistance. Gwangju City and Jeonnam Province both deployed teams of public officials to assist the bereaved families. These officials were assigned to families on a oneto-one basis, providing personalized support throughout the difficult process of identifying victims, arranging funerals, and navigating the complex bureaucracy that often accompanies such tragedies.
The dedication of these civil servants was noteworthy. Many worked around the clock,
sacrificing their own year-end holidays to ensure that the needs of the bereaved families were met. Their tasks ranged from providing emotional support to handling practical matters, such as accommodation arrangements and paperwork. Gwangju City, with the largest number of victims, is planning to establish a long-term program to support the bereaved families with a “12.29 Compassion Center” in Jeonil Building 245.
“The response to the Jeju Air tragedy demonstrated the strength and compassion of South Korean society.”
Gratitude Amidst Grief
As the initial shock of the tragedy began to subside, a remarkable gesture emerged from the bereaved families. Despite their immense grief, many expressed profound gratitude for the tireless efforts of public officials and ordinary citizens who had supported them through their darkest hours.
During the final official briefing at Muan Airport, Park Han-shin, the representative of the Jeju Air Tragedy Bereaved Families Emergency Committee, took a moment to acknowledge the dedication of government officials. In an emotional address, Park stated, “These people initially faced criticism but worked incredibly hard to help us. They have families too, and I think it must have been equally difficult for them.”
This sentiment was echoed by many other family members who recognized the round-the-clock efforts of civil servants from various agencies including the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport; police and fire departments; health services, port authorities, and the military; and local governments of Gwangju City and South Jeolla Province.
The families’ gratitude extended beyond government officials to encompass the broader community. Many were moved by the outpouring of support from ordinary citizens who had volunteered their time, resources, and even their homes to assist the bereaved families.
Chefs Choi Ji-hyeong, Bang Gi-su, and Baek Gyeong-jun serving mourners at the airport.
Lessons and Reflections
As South Korea begins to heal from this tragedy, several important lessons and reflections have emerged.
— The Need for a Culture of Safety: The Jeju Air crash has reignited discussions about airline safety protocols, particularly regarding issues such as bird strikes and runway safety. Experts have called for more rigorous safety measures and regular audits of airport infrastructure and airline procedures. Such measures are possible with the transparent operation of democratic government, minimizing corruption under appropriate legal regulations.
— Long-Term Support for Victims: While the immediate response to the disaster was commendable, there is recognition of the need for sustained support for the victims’ families. This includes not only financial assistance but also long-term psychological support as proposed by Gwangju City.
— The Power of Community: The response to the Jeju Air tragedy demonstrated the strength and compassion of South Korean society. The way in which citizens came together to support the bereaved families and each other has been seen as a silver lining in this dark chapter of the nation’s history.
— Transparency in Investigation: There have been calls for a thorough and transparent investigation into the causes of the crash. This is seen as crucial not only for providing closure for the families but also for preventing similar tragedies in the future.
In conclusion, while the Jeju Air tragedy of 12.29 (December 29, 2024) will forever remain a painful memory in South Korea’s history, the response to it has showcased the nation’s resilience, compassion, and unity. As the country moves forward, the lessons learned from this disaster will undoubtedly shape future policies on aviation safety, disaster response, and community support. The memory of those lost will serve as a constant reminder of the importance of vigilance in safety measures and the power of collective compassion in times of crisis.
The Gwangju News expresses its appreciation to the Mudeung Daily and its reporter Mr. Im Changgyun (lcg0518@mdilbo.com) for their contribution of the original article text, to reporter Mr. Lim Jung-ok (joi5605@mdilbo.com) for his photographs, and to Dr. Shin Gyonggu for his article translation and adaptation. – Ed.
References
Park, J. (2024, January 18). 강기정 시장, 최상목 관한대행에 ‘1229 마음센 터 지원 요청[Mayor Kang Gi-jung requests support for “12.29 Compassion Center” from Acting Director Choi Sang-mok]. News 1. https://www.news1.kr/local/gwangju-jeonnam/5665267
Im, C. (2025, January 1). “Let’s share the pain together.” Memorial and sharing procession continues at Muan Airport]. Mudeung Daily. https://m.mdilbo.com/detail/c3QycN/736734
Lee, S. (2025, January 9). 1980년 5월, 2024년 12월 광주가 지킨 공동체의 온기 [May 1980, December 2024 ... The warmth of the community preserved by Gwangju]. Mudeung Daily. https://m.mdilbo. com/detail/1d48By/737152
Kim, S. (2025, January 5). 참사 유족들 “욕먹으며 고생한 공무원들 감사”…90도 인사 [Disaster victims’ families: “Thank you to the civil servants who suffered from being cursed” ... 90-degree bow]. Donga Daily. https://www.donga.com/news/Society/article/ all/20250105/130789276/1
Mourners at the joint memorial hall at Muan Airport.
Mourners at the joint memorial hall at Muan Airport.
2Gwangju: After 50 Years A Half-Century Comparison
By Roger Higbie
024 was a strange, and in some ways, a troubling year both in the United States and in Korea. But the thing that made it a remarkable year for me was my return to Gwangju (to me it will always be “Kwangju”) almost 50 years to the day after first stepping off the train from Seoul as a young U.S. Peace Corps volunteer.
My thoughts about the new Gwangju will be necessarily brief and impressionistic. I was only there for about 24 hours and a large portion of that time was spent in one location: my old school where I taught, Mudeung Middle School, located in Hak-dong. But I will let the changes I saw at my old school be symbolic of and stand in for the overall changes I thought I saw for the entire city: a transformation that was almost entirely positive and reflective of the growing abundance and sophistication of the new Gwangju.
The school was located exactly where it had been when I worked there, with the buildings and playing fields configured just as they were back then, a comfortable link to the past. But the school was now co-ed – what a welcome change and sensible improvement! When I taught at
Mudeung, the only students were young men, and in fact there was hardly a female to be seen in the entire school except for the clerical staff (who did all the work). Now, besides the female students, faculty, and staff, there was also a female principal, the gracious Ms. Jeong Mi-seon. Surely, a learning environment more reflective of how the real world works can be nothing but an improvement.
In addition, the students wore their hair and dressed as they pleased (within reason); no more uniforms or buzz cuts. And the classes were half the size of those I taught in and were seemingly well appointed with the latest audiovisual equipment and other devices. The new buildings were said to be air-conditioned, and there were even some elevators, but most striking and evocative was the presence of a teacher’s parking lot, and it was full! Whatever one thinks of the dubious addition of more and more gas-guzzling automobiles into the environment, the idea that middle school teachers now had the wherewithal to purchase cars and drive themselves to school or to wherever they wanted to go was to me a positive sign of a whole world of opportunities opening up to them and other Gwangju residents,
1960’s era version (left) and present-day Gwangju Post Office with Roger Higbie, the landmark from which all downtown locations were once described.
including a chance for domestic and international travel.
Of course, I missed the rhythms and sights existing during my teaching experience at the school – like gathering around the potbelly stoves in every classroom, the rituals of greeting students and faculty in the morning, the views of the river and mountains from the front doorstep now covered up by buildings and signs. But I couldn’t help but think that the students were getting a much better, individualized, and more worldly education than what we were able to give them so many years ago, and I was happy for them. All in all, I felt a positive change had come to the school.
In the same way, although I missed the smalltown feeling of the Gwangju I had lived in, with its walking streets, tabang (tearooms), classic structures, and centuries-old market rhythms, I felt the residents were better off now in the new Gwangju, exposed to the world, learning from it, and showing off their city. It had so much more of a cosmopolitan feeling to it, with cultural centers, international art shows, major sports events, fine hotels, and restaurants of all types. It seemed to be offering a more fulfilling life for its citizens.
One thing quite noticeable even with a short stay was the relatively large number of foreigners who are now making Gwangju their home, at least temporarily. Fifty years ago, one could almost count the entire international community just on one’s fingers; indeed, I can recall receiving someone else’s mail simply because the mailman would give it to the only foreigner he knew, with the full expectation that I would deliver it to the person it was intended for. Now, there seems to
be expatriate bars, special schools, and holiday parties for a thriving international community, with only the presence of old friend Dave Shaffer, still there after 50 years (some things in Gwangju never change), to provide a link to the past.
Again, I think this is all to the good, introducing Gwangju to thousands of people from all over the world and exposing Gwangju’s citizens first-hand to every type of culture.
I would be remiss not to mention visiting the 5.18 Archives in Gwangju, and although it would be ridiculous to say that it was a pleasing aspect of the new Gwangju. At least we can say that this terrible event [the 1980 Gwangju Uprising] is clearly not being swept under the rug as things might have been, and probably were, in the 1960s and 1970s.
In sum, I would say I left Kwangju/Gwangju in an optimistic mood, convinced it is moving forward in a confident and deliberate manner and hoping to see it again, but this time in less than another 50 years!
Photographs by Roger Higbie.
The Author
Roger Higbie is from Madison, Wisconsin. After graduating from university, he joined the U.S. Peace Corps and taught English at Mudeung Middle School in Gwangju and then for one year at the Korea Legal Center in Seoul. After returning to the U.S., he studied law at the University of Wisconsin and worked as an attorney, practicing immigration law in New York City.
Roger teaching his English class, 1974.
Roger observing an English class at the school where he taught 50 years ago.
Seven Years “Lost”
By Isaiah Winters
For seven years, I’ve truly enjoyed stewarding this column across a broad spectrum of Gwangju- and Honam-centric topics. Over time, the “Lost” appellation has proven apt in more ways than one; for instance, I’d have been lost these last seven years without my love of writing. Scribbling a monthly column has given this introvert a lasting voice of ink and pixels. Sure, my niche has principally been decaying structures and their minutiae, but it’s a niche, nonetheless. What I appreciate most about writing is how the thousands of hours invested have given me the confidence that comes with having an actual skill.
• Abuse of students with disabilities at Gwangju Inhwa School (issue #222)
• Seojin Hospital’s link to corruption, MeToo, and student mistreatment (issue #200)
Now with that little victory lap out of the way, I regret to say that this article marks not only the end of my seventh year but also the end of my final year writing “Lost” articles for the Gwangju News. Ending at seven has been my plan for quite some time now, fittingly rounding out this farewell.
Seven is rife with symbolism. In Genesis, Joseph interprets Pharaoh’s dream as a portent of seven years’ abundance followed by seven years of
famine. In academia, professors are sometimes allowed to go on sabbatical, typically after seven years of employment. Then there’s the tale of Odysseus, who survives the final leg of his journey back to Ithaca and cleans house following seven years in Calypso’s carnal capture. The “seven” references I could go on and on.
Whither yours truly? Well, by the time this goes to print, I’ll soon be finishing up ground school as a student pilot back in the U.S. If all goes to plan, I’ll be an airline pilot by the time I’m 40. Who knows? Maybe I’ll take up writing about aviation in the future. Anyway, thank you all for reading and supporting the Gwangju News, which provides a voice for anyone with something to say. 안녕!
The Author
Born and raised in Chino, California, Isaiah Winters is a pixel-stained wretch who loves writing about Gwangju and Honam, warts and all. He’s grateful to have written for the Gwangju News for seven years. You may see him at your local airport one day. Email: isaiahsamuelwinters@gmail.com
Editor’s Note: We at the Gwangju News are saddened that Isaiah is saying farewell to the Gwangju News and to Korea. Over the past seven years, he has been a constant at the magazine, snooping around in those out-of-the-way corners of Gwangju and Honam, with his perpetual inquisitiveness uncovering hidden gems for his exceptionally well-written articles. Isaiah has not been just a writer for the magazine; he has also spent many years as chief copy-editor, a task at which he also excelled. We must unfortunately say farewell to Isaiah, but we find contentment in knowing that he will “fare well” in reaching his destination on the journey that he has decided to take. Fly high, Isaiah, fly high!
Best of the Best: Seven of Isaiah's articles written over the last seven years.
Freedom on Two Wheels
A 1400-Kilometer Solo Motorbike Journey Across Korea
By Vibhanshu Maurya
Owning a motorbike is liberating in a way that a car can never match. There’s something about the freedom it offers – no stress about parking, tolls, or navigating narrow roads. It’s just you, the open air, and the road stretching endlessly ahead. Riding through unfamiliar roads, especially in a foreign land, might seem daunting at first, but for me, it was the beginning of an unforgettable adventure that changed the way I saw Korea.
The desire to ride a motorbike across Korea began a year ago. I was on a bus traveling from Busan to Sokcho during a solo trip. The highway hugged the coastline, the sea shimmering on one side and the mountains rising on the other. The sound of waves crashing against the shore and the fresh sea breeze made the journey mesmerizing. I couldn’t help but imagine myself riding a motorbike along that very road, the wind brushing past my helmet and the hum of the bike beneath me. That vision stayed with me long after the trip ended, planting a seed for an adventure I knew I had to embark on.
A year later, I earned my Korean driving license on a rainy day. Not wanting to spend too much, I bought a used motorbike, a Hansom 125, through Karrot. Riding on Korean roads felt intimidating at first. Coming from India, I was used to riding on the left side of the road, whereas in Korea, everything was reversed. The highways weren’t exactly motorbike-friendly either, with many off-limits to two-wheelers. I started cautiously, riding only within my university campus to build confidence.
At Myeongpa Shore (명파해변).
Kakaomap navigation for motorbike.
Conversations with a Korean friend, who is also an avid rider, gave me the encouragement I needed. With time, I realized that despite the initial hesitation, riding in Korea was easier than I had imagined. The roads were smooth, traffic rules were followed, and navigating became second nature after a few trips.
My first venture beyond Gwangju was a short ride to the Korea International Circuit. It was a rainy day, and halfway through the journey, I found myself caught in a downpour. There was no shelter nearby, and by the time I reached a gas station to refill, I was already soaked. Instead of retreating, I embraced the moment, riding through the rain with a smile. The sensation of raindrops hitting my skin was a mix of pain and exhilaration. By the end of the day, I was drenched and tired but completely hooked on the idea of riding long distances.
As the Chuseok holiday approached, I realized this was the perfect opportunity to bring my year-long dream to life. The idea of revisiting that highway between Busan and Sokcho was irresistible. I wanted to use the five-day break to its fullest but also didn’t want to rush. On Saturday morning, I packed my bags, checked my bike, and set off in the afternoon with a mix of excitement and trepidation.
Navigating Korea on a motorbike is not straightforward. Many expressways are off-limits, and even apps like Naver and Kakao Maps aren’t entirely reliable for bikers. After researching online and joining a Facebook group called “ROK Riders – Motorcycling in Korea,” I received helpful tips and warnings about routes. However, no one could guarantee a foolproof navigation plan. I decided to rely on Kakao Maps and accept the uncertainty as part of the adventure.
The first leg of my journey was to Myeongpa Beach in Goseong, Gangwon-do, over 500 kilometers away. The ride began smoothly, the roads gliding beneath my wheels as I left the city behind. After five hours, fatigue began to set in. It was already dark, and I decided it was safer to stop for the night. I booked a motel in Icheon, a
quiet city close to Seoul, avoiding the chaos of the capital. That evening, I explored the city’s streets and observed its nightlife – a mix of motels, karaoke bars, and late-night food stalls. Despite the lively atmosphere, I chose to rest early to recharge for the next day.
The morning greeted me with rain. Light at first, it soon turned heavy, soaking me as I rode toward Sokcho. While riding in the rain can be challenging, there’s something undeniably thrilling about it. The cold drops hitting my gear, the misty air, and the gray skies created an atmosphere that felt both serene and invigorating. I stopped occasionally to refuel, take in the mountain views, and grab a bite to eat, though finding vegetarian options proved challenging. By afternoon, I reached Myeongpa Shore near the DMZ. It was foggy, with strong waves crashing against the rocks, creating a dramatic yet tranquil scene. I lingered for a while, appreciating the solitude, before heading to Sokcho for the night.
The next day, I set out for what I had been dreaming of for a year – the coastal ride from Sokcho to Busan. The journey along the eastern coastline was everything I had imagined and more. The sea stretched endlessly on one side, with waves gently lapping at the shore. The road twisted and turned, offering breathtaking views at every corner. Fellow bikers waved as they passed, a silent camaraderie that only riders share. I made sure to stop frequently to soak in the scenery, snapping pictures and savoring the peacefulness of the moment.
Somewhere on a highway close to Sokcho.
Reaching Busan in the evening, I felt both exhausted and elated. The city was alive with Chuseok celebrations, the streets bustling with families and travelers. I spent the evening at Haeundae Beach, where the bright moonlight reflected off the waves, creating a serene and magical atmosphere. Meeting a friend there, we shared stories over a quiet dinner before parting ways.
The following day, I headed to Tongyeong, a picturesque coastal city south of Busan. The weather had shifted dramatically from the cool, rainy north to the hot, sunny south. The heat was oppressive, and by midday, I decided to skip Geoje, another destination I had considered. The
Mesmerizing
sudden change in weather was taking a toll, and I longed to return home. Setting my navigation for Gwangju, I began the final stretch of my journey. Rain returned as I approached the city, a fitting end to a trip that had been defined by ever-changing skies.
When I finally arrived home, I was exhausted but deeply content. Over four days and 1,400 kilometers, I had experienced the beauty of Korea in a way few travelers do. The smooth highways, the rugged coastline, the misty mountains, and the welcoming people had all left an indelible mark on me. Riding a motorbike through Korea wasn’t just an adventure; it was a journey of selfresilience, and pure freedom.
As I parked my bike and removed my helmet, I couldn’t help but smile. The road had given me more than I could have ever imagined, and I knew it wouldn’t be long before I set off again.
Somewhere on the road back to Gwangju.
Photographs by Vibhanshu Maurya.
The Author
Vibhanshu Maurya, originally from India, is a PhD scholar at Chonnam National University, Gwangju. During his threeyear journey in Korea, he has pursued his passion for motorbiking, hiking, playing ukulele, organizing events, fostering dialogues, and crafting compelling podcasts.
Haeundae Beach, Busan.
Tongyeong.
Professional Development and Korea TESOL
An Interview with Maria Lisak
"If you’ve been around Gwangju for long, especially around Chosun University and the Gwangju International Center, you have likely crossed paths with Maria Lisak. Maria has spent decades in Gwangju in service to the community, “fostering connections through education, and promoting reflective teaching practices.” Recently, the Gwangju News has caught up with Maria to ask her about her journey, the organization that she leads, and plans for the Gwangju-Jeonnam Chapter of Korea TESOL in 2025." — Ed.
Gwangju News (GN): Thank you, Maria, for making time for this interview with the Gwangju News. While the focus of this interview is intended to be on the GwangjuJeonnam Chapter of Korea TESOL, I’d like to start off by asking you to give us a little background information on yourself.
Maria: Thank you for having me! I’m originally from Indiana, USA, but I’ve lived and taught in South Korea for 29 years. I’m passionate about fostering connections through education, promoting reflective teaching practices, and building professional communities. Outside the classroom, I enjoy exploring art, history, and literature, which often inspire my teaching.
GN: You’ve been in Korea for quite some time. When and where have you taught during those years?
Maria: I’ve taught across different educational settings, from corporate training centers to universities. I started by teaching in Seoul and Yongin. Since 2003, I’ve been based in Jeolla, mostly in Gwangju, but a few years in Gunsan. For the past decade, I’ve been teaching welfare administration in English at Chosun University. This has allowed me to engage with students on topics that intersect with public service and global citizenship.
GN: Since you’re not teaching in an English department at Chosun University. Could you describe your teaching situation in some detail?
Maria: That’s right. I teach English within the Welfare Administration Department. My courses focus on integrating English skills with administrative and policy-related content. This approach helps students develop professional language abilities tailored to their future roles in public service.
GN: You’ve been involved in Korea TESOL, or KOTESOL, for many years. I believe it was about, wow, 25 years ago that I first met you. What are the main ways that you have been involved with KOTESOL during this time?
Maria: KOTESOL has been a cornerstone of my professional life. Over the years, I’ve served in various roles, including chapter officer, SIG [special interest group] leader, and presenter at conferences. Most recently, I’ve been president of the Gwangju-Jeonnam Chapter, where I’ve worked to support educators through professional development and communitybuilding initiatives.
GN: You were Gwangju Chapter president last year and will be president throughout 2025. Could you give us a round-up of what 2024 was
GN: You were Gwangju Chapter president last year and will be president throughout 2025. Could you give us a round-up of what 2024 was like for the chapter? I believe there was more on the KOTESOL calendar than just monthly meetings.
Maria: 2024 was an exciting year for our chapter. We hosted a mix of workshops, social gatherings, and collaborative events. Highlights included the ESBB International TESOL Conference and KOTESOL National Conference, which was both a professional and financial success, and our well-received workshops on diverse topics like instructional strategies, well-being, and social justice. I’m particularly proud of our members who led these efforts, showcasing their dedication and expertise. These events showcased our members’ skills and creativity while fostering a supportive professional community.
GN: And looking forward to what may be in store for the Gwangju Chapter for this year, could you give us some idea of what to look forward to – both concrete plans and that which might still be fuzzy ideas?
Maria: In 2025, we plan to continue building on our strengths. We’re looking forward to hosting monthly workshops, during the spring and autumn semesters. We also hope to continue our monthly social gatherings at coffee shops and restaurants around Gwangju. We aim to collaborate with other KOTESOL chapters and SIGs to broaden the scope of professional development opportunities in online spaces like Zoom as well. While details are still being finalized, we’re exploring partnerships that could bring fresh perspectives to our members.
GN: I believe that there are some misconceptions on who KOTESOL and Gwangju Chapter meetings are for. Does one need to be a KOTESOL member, or an EFL teacher, or a foreigner to attend a chapter meeting?
Maria: Absolutely not! Our meetings are open to everyone interested in education – whether you’re a KOTESOL member, an EFL teacher, or simply curious. We welcome educators from all backgrounds and teaching contexts, both
Korean and international. Lots of parents who are teaching their kids at home join us as well as visitors from around the peninsula.
GN: I’ve heard that Maria has recently become Dr. Lisak. Congratulations! Could you tell us a little about your doctorate program and your dissertation?
Maria: Thank you! I completed my EdD with Indiana University this year, focusing on literacy, culture, and language education. My dissertation examines my transformative journey as an English language teacher, navigating the complexities of identity, culture, and pedagogy in South Korea. Using autoethnography and multimodal artifacts, it explores how personal experiences intersect with systemic issues, fostering a decolonized approach to teaching. My work highlights the dynamic interplay between individual reflection and broader sociocultural frameworks, offering a counter-narrative to dominant paradigms in English language education.
GN: Before we wind up this interview, what would you like to say to all the EFL teachers out there – and those planning to be English teachers – who are not yet involved with KOTESOL?
Maria: KOTESOL is more than a professional organization; it’s a community. Whether you’re just starting out or a seasoned educator, there’s a place for you here. Our events, resources, and connections can inspire and support you throughout your teaching journey. While we have events in Gwangju, there are also other chapters and special interest groups that host events. Next up is our annual International Conference on May 10 and 11 in Seoul. So, come join us – you’ll find more than just professional growth; you’ll find camaraderie and purpose.
GN: Thank you, Maria, for sharing with us about yourself, your work, and Korea TESOL.
by David Shaffer.
Interviewed
Tasting the World Global Cooking Community
By Park Yeonju
“When traveling, you have to try this! It’s said to be a unique dish from this country.” One thing you can’t overlook when traveling is food. Each country has its own distinct culture, and with it comes special dishes that you can only enjoy there. Food is always with us, no matter where we go. Spending time with loved ones while enjoying delicious meals is one of life’s greatest pleasures. For some, food can be a gift of memories, a lasting impression, or even a long-forgotten taste of one’s hometown. Unless we have the chance to travel to various countries, experiencing the cuisines of different cultures can be quite challenging.
“What kind of food is that?” “I never knew such a dish existed anywhere in the world!” There are still countless dishes out there that we know nothing about. However, at the Time Cooking the World global community, you can experience a variety of international cuisines every week. Right here in Gwangju, friends from different countries and Koreans gather every Saturday for cooking classes. Even if it’s a dish you’ve never heard of before, simply following the recipe explained by the session leader from that country will soon lead to the creation of a wonderful meal!
What time is it now? It’s Time Cooking the World! Time Cooking the World is part of Gwangju Metropolitan City’s Global Community project. Together with Japanese co-representative Tanaka Moe, I led this community activity twice this past year (once in each half of the year). The program involved participants from six countries – South Korea, China, Japan, India, Uzbekistan, and the Dominican Republic – and consisted of around 20 members.
Participants were free to join the cooking classes whenever they were held. If the participants wanted to join with their friends, they were more than welcome to bring them along. This community placed no restrictions on participation, allowing anyone who was interested to join. It was a time that truly embodied the purpose of a global community: bringing everyone together. It served as a harmonious gathering space where not only Gwangju citizens but also foreigners from various countries could come together and connect. The menu was diverse. Every time the community sessions began, we kicked things off with Korean food. The first dish of the first-half community was tteokguk (ricecake stew) and kimchi jeon (kimchi pancakes). These dishes were chosen to showcase the authentic tastes of Korea.
We started by showing a short video that gave a brief explanation of tteokguk and kimchi jeon, then moved on to the actual cooking. Participants were usually divided into three or four teams for the cooking process. At first, it might have seemed overwhelming to prepare a dish with so many ingredients, but each team began step by step, starting with ingredient preparation. Since the teams were mixed with both Koreans and foreigners, it was a great opportunity to communicate and learn each other’s languages while cooking together.
Dining on the Japanese foods prepared by the Global Cooking Community.
If a Korean participant knew a little Japanese, they could team up with a Japanese friend and try speaking in Japanese. Similarly, those who could speak Chinese could mix in a few Chinese words during conversations. By combining cooking with language learning, participants were able to achieve two goals at once. While cooking, foreign participants picked up Korean cooking-related vocabulary, and Koreans also had the opportunity to learn various words from different languages that are hard to encounter in everyday conversations.
When it comes to Korea, we can’t forget kimchi, an ever-present side dish, and its ingredients. To show foreigners the diverse flavors that can be created with kimchi, we also made kimchi jeon. The process involved mixing the batter and frying the pancakes one by one in a pan. For some, it resembled pancakes, and since the method was not too complicated, everyone had fun cooking. One group member even demonstrated the advanced skill of flipping the kimchi jeon in one go, creating an energetic and laughter-filled atmosphere. It was a dynamic and enjoyable experience for everyone! Tteokguk, eaten during the Lunar New Year holiday, and kimchi jeon made with a traditional Korean ingredients – it was a meaningful time to showcase the authentic flavors of Korean tradition to foreign friends by having them personally prepare dishes that hold great significance for Koreans.
The Japanese dish we made was korokke (croquettes). The korokke-making class had a large number of participants joining in. Using potato dough, everyone formed their own korokke into whatever shapes they liked. Some made stars, others made hearts, and some created simple circles. As everyone created different shapes, they mingled, shared conversations, and laughed while showing off their creations. The small worries and uncertainties we often feel at the beginning of a cooking class seemed to melt away in these joyful moments. We sat together and shared stories while enjoying the golden crispy korokke with warm rice. Observing this, I felt so grateful for all the friends who participated so enthusiastically and happily. The food, filled with everyone’s passion, was heartwarming to see and made me realize that bringing happiness to everyone is the true charm of a community.
Chinese food was also incredibly delicious. One dish I particularly enjoyed was Mala Xiang Guo, in which various ingredients are stir-fried together with mala sauce. It’s a dish I’ve always loved, but making and eating it in its authentic Chinese style made it even tastier. Indian food, on the other hand, was something I hadn’t experienced before, which made it even more special. I tried Muradabadi Chicken Biryani, a dish made with Indian basmati rice and chicken. It’s served with a yogurt-based sauce, creating a unique flavor that truly captures the essence of Indian cuisine.
The passion for cooking classes continued in the second half of the year. This time, we cooked Korea’s iconic street foods, gimbap and tteokbokki. Each participant made their own roll of gimbap by adding their favorite ingredients to create a personalized gimbap. We also made salmon-filled, rolled-and-fried tofu stuffed with rice, Japanese-style ramen, and even attempted something we’d only ever bought before: takoyaki. Thanks to the cooking community, I was able to confidently try new things with friends from various backgrounds. Tanaka Moe, who’s from Japan and enrolled in the master’s program in Korean language and literature at Chonnam National University, co-
Gimbap created by the Global Cooking Community.
led the cooking community with me. She shared her thoughts: “Through the cooking community, I’ve enjoyed meeting people from various countries and sharing one aspect of culture: food. I hope to continue meeting people from all over the world through this community in the future.”
Our cooking community, Time Cooking the World, has made us feel as if we’ve traveled to many countries over the past year. At first, we were a bit awkward with each other, but as we cooked together, we grew closer. Whenever I heard someone say “That was so much fun! I’d love to do it again” after finishing a dish, it always filled me with pride and happiness. Though we were of different nationalities, we shared moments of creating one warm, meaningful dish together.
I believe it was a time that symbolized how people from different backgrounds could come together in Gwangju to dream big, create fun memories, and build harmony. It represents a path toward creating an inclusive city – Gwangju – where local citizens and foreign residents live together in harmony. Anyone can create a space for communication and connection. The Gwangju Metropolitan City’s Global Community project is held annually, with open recruitment conducted in both the first and second half of the year. It promotes cultural exchange and
communication between locals and foreigners. It supports foreign residents in becoming equal members of the local community. It also helps foreign residents settle securely in the region. For detailed information, please check the announcements on the Gwangju International Residents Center website. In 2025, you can have the opportunity to showcase your own version of an “Inclusive Gwangju.” And Time Cooking the World will flow once again.
Park Yeonju is an undergraduate at Chonnam National University, majoring in political science and diplomacy as well as Chinese language and literature. Her third major is international development cooperation studies. She was born and raised in Gwangju and wants to promote the colorfulness of the city that she has been a part of for so long. Also, she wants to deliver various voices of the world. It is her dream to become a true journalist by inheriting the spirit of May 18.
Photographs by Park Yeonju.
Making fried tofu sushi and Japanese-style ramen.
The Author
Delicious results of the bibimbap and potato pancake workshop.
The Cooking Community’s Indian food workshop.
Healing Through Strings
Genie’s Ukulele Journey in Gwangju
By Dhivyaa S. P.
When I first met Kim Yoo-Jin, or “Genie” as she prefers to be called, I was captivated by her story. Not just because of her unique nickname – Genie of the ukulele, not the lamp – but because of the profound way music had woven itself into her life, transforming pain into purpose.
Genie’s path to the ukulele wasn’t an easy one. She shared how her battle with cancer and postpartum depression had left her feeling broken and weak. It was during this difficult time that she discovered the ukulele on YouTube. Curious, she sought out a community in Daejeon, where she lived at the time. This group of enthusiasts, armed only with YouTube tutorials and a shared love for the instrument, became her lifeline. They practiced every weekend, performing informal concerts and bonding over tea. It was here that Genie realized the healing power of music: how the ukulele’s simple vibrations could mend a weary heart.
“The ukulele is a special instrument,” she explained. “It’s small, easy to carry, and gentle on the fingers compared to a guitar. But more than that, its vibrations are so close to your body. It’s like you can feel the music heal you from within.” For Genie, the ukulele wasn’t just an instrument; it was a source of hope and a tool for self-expression. She described playing it while cooking or spending time with her son, turning even mundane moments into opportunities for joy.
Genie’s background in music education became her guiding light. As her health improved, she dreamed of teaching others to use the ukulele as a way to express their emotions and reconnect with themselves through music. Moving to Gwangju, she founded a ukulele club starting with just
four students. Today, her classes have grown to accommodate over 25 students, including both Koreans and foreigners. The club isn’t just about learning to play; it’s about creating a supportive community where people can share their stories, emotions, and healing journeys.
One of the most touching moments this past year that Genie revealed was a Christmas concert where her students performed “Feliz Navidad” and “APT.” Seeing their confidence and joy as they played for an audience of 50 people brought tears to her eyes. “They told me the ukulele helps them release stress and find themselves,” she said. “It’s not just about the music; it’s about discovering who you are and feeling proud of it.”
Genie’s students range from young university graduates to seniors rediscovering their passion for music. She customizes lessons to suit each individual’s abilities, creating simplified versions
Kim Yoo-Jin, aka Genie.
of songs and encouraging practice at home. She celebrates their progress with videos and keeps their spirits high with group picnics and small concerts.
For those interested in joining the club, Genie advises checking the Naver site ucoolgenie (유쿨지니) or the Instagram page @ ukuleleucoolgenie. Classes are held mostly on Sundays, and there are sessions for all skill levels. Beginners are encouraged to start with simple chords and focus on enjoying the process rather than striving for perfection.
The classes are held in seven sessions, with the following schedule every Sunday: 9 a.m. for beginners, 10 a.m. for intermediate, and 11 a.m. for advanced learners. The application form will be available on the GIRC website. Genie has also authored a book, The Power of 15 Minutes a Day with the Ukulele, in which she shares heartfelt stories of simple and transformative moments through this powerful instrument. Her book is a testament to how music can bring joy and healing, inspiring readers to embrace the ukulele as a tool for personal growth.
Looking ahead to 2025, Genie plans to organize more outdoor events and concerts to bring her students closer to nature and the local
community. Her goal is to create an inclusive space where everyone feels welcome and supported.
Listening to Genie, I realized that her work isn’t just about teaching an instrument; it’s about building resilience, fostering joy, and creating a sense of belonging. The ukulele, with its bright, positive sound, is the perfect metaphor for her philosophy – simple, yet capable of profound impact. As I left that day, her words lingered with me: “Everyone should try the ukulele at least once in their lifetime. It’s a small instrument with a big heart.”
Photographs courtesy of Kim Yoo-Jin.
The Author
Dhivyaa S. P. is passionate about deep conversations and has a curious spirit, always eager to explore and learn. She believes that little things matter more than we realize and that every thought has the power to inspire action. Instagram: @my.hobby.page
Hidden Coffee Shop Gems Near Gwangju Recharge in Nature
By Anh Nguyen (Anne)
Gwangju is a city that pulses with energy, known for its deep historical roots and thriving arts scene. Yet, even in such a lively environment, there comes a time when we all crave a little peace. Just outside Gwangju’s bustling city center, you’ll find charming coffee shops tucked away in nature, waiting to be explored. These hidden gems are perfect for a quiet solo retreat or a relaxed outing with family and friends.
SoHo Café
Tucked away near the Gwangju Lake Eco Park, SoHo Café (소호 카페) is a tranquil retreat offering the perfect blend of natural beauty and cozy charm. Located in Damyang, this picturesque garden café is just a short drive from Gwangju, making it an ideal spot for a relaxing escape from the city’s bustle. With its serene creek, lush green lawns, and welcoming ambiance, SoHo Café is a favorite for families, couples, and even pet owners seeking a peaceful getaway.
The café’s exterior exudes a countryside charm, complete with sprawling grass fields and an old-fashioned, cozy vibe. Inside, wide glass windows allow visitors to enjoy stunning views of Damyang’s ever-changing seasonal landscapes. The outdoor area is particularly special, with a calm creek flowing nearby, creating a soothing soundtrack for your visit. The café is also petfriendly, with designated fenced spaces where dogs can run and play freely.
SoHo Café is the perfect place to relax and enjoy good food and drinks in a peaceful setting. The menu has something for everyone, including iced Americanos, vanilla lattes, chocolate drinks, and delicious pastries like ang butter bread. Whether you’re stopping by for a quick coffee or indulging in a leisurely treat, the options are plentiful. Adding to its charm, SoHo Café boasts breathtaking views of Damyang’s natural beauty, from vibrant cherry blossoms in the spring to the rich foliage of autumn. Its proximity to Gwangju Dam makes it an excellent stop after a scenic drive or a day spent exploring the nearby trails.
Accessibility and Visitor Information
• Address: 888 Gasa Literature Road, Gasamyeon, Damyang-gun, Jeollanam-do
• Operating Hours: 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (last order at 5:30 p.m.)
• Phone: 061-381-5959
• Getting There: The café is a short 30-minute drive from Gwangju and offers plenty of parking spaces for visitors. For those without a car, a 187 or 188 bus from Gwangju’s city center makes it easily accessible.
Earthy Café
If you’re looking for a peaceful escape from the busy city life, Earthy Café (카페얼씨) in Gwangju offers a perfect blend of relaxation and nature.
Conveniently located on the way to Mudeung Mountain, this spacious two-story café is
The alpacas at Café Pine 40.
surrounded by greenery, making it an ideal stop for hikers and nature lovers alike. With plenty of trees and a large outdoor space, it’s a haven for families, offering children a safe area to run around and play while parents relax with a cup of coffee.
With plenty of outdoor seating and even a separate annex, there’s always room to unwind – even during the busiest weekends. The café stands out with its variety of drinks, including house-made syrups for non-coffee lovers, alongside classics like waffles and other desserts. For those craving a bit of adventure, the outdoor space features a small stream where visitors can dip their feet to cool off on warm days. There’s also a dedicated camping zone, complete with chairs, perfect for enjoying a coffee while soaking up the fresh air.
Accessibility and Visitor Information
• Address: 939 Geumgok-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju
• Operating Hours: 11:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. (Weekends: 11:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m.; Outdoor seating available until 10:00 p.m.)
• Phone: 0507-1395-2086
• Getting There: Just a short drive from central Gwangju, Earthy Café is an ideal getaway spot. Visitors without a car can take Bus 187 or 188 from the city center for easy access. The café also provides well-organized parking, with clear signage to help you find a spot even during busy times.
Café Pine 40
Nestled in the scenic foothills of Mudeung Mountain, Café Pine 40 (카페 파인 40) offers the perfect escape for families and nature lovers alike. Located in Hwasun’s Suman-ri region, this charming café is just a 30-minute drive from Gwangju, making it an ideal spot for a quick getaway. Known for its beautiful surroundings and kid-friendly atmosphere, Pine 40 is not just a place for great coffee but also a destination for making memories.
The café boasts a spacious outdoor lawn where children can run freely, while the inside offers a cozy and modern ambiance with its high triangular ceilings. Although seating is limited indoors, the open design creates a welcoming and
relaxed vibe. Pine 40 is also famous for its alpaca, goat, and rabbit companions, adding a fun and interactive element to your visit. On weekends, visitors can meet and feed the alpacas, goats, and rabbits in a designated area.
With a large outdoor lawn and highchairs available for toddlers, the café is well-suited for families. The spacious parking lot ensures convenience, although it can fill up quickly on weekends due to Pine 40’s popularity.
• Getting There: Café Pine 40 is easily accessible by car, with a spacious parking area available for visitors. For those without a car, you can take a bus from central Gwangju, but be prepared for a longer journey – it takes about an hour, and a transfer is necessary.
The three coffee shops we’ve explored – SoHo Café, Earthy Café, and Café Pine 40 – each offer a unique experience, combining natural beauty, friendly atmospheres, and delicious drinks, making them ideal spots for both locals and visitors seeking a break from the city’s hustle and bustle.
These hidden coffee shops provide a unique glimpse into the quieter side of the country, far removed from the typical tourist attractions. These spots are perfect for those looking to unwind, experience local culture, and enjoy Korea’s stunning natural beauty. Photograph by Anh Nguyen.
The Author
Anh Nguyen (Anne) has been living in Gwangju for five years studying journalism and communication at Chosun University. She fell in love with the city’s beautiful views, rich history, diverse culture, and delicious food. Her goal is to share her love for Gwangju and introduce its stunning natural scenery and attractions to everyone.
Joseon's Movers and Shakers in Gwangju-Jeonnam
By Park Nahm-Sheik
Throughout Korean history, numerous patriots have been forced into exile both at home and abroad. Highlighted here are those who were banished by the throne to the Gwangju-Jeonnam area, geographically distant from the seat of power. Jo Gwang-jo (조광조, 1482–1519), for one, was banished to Neungju Township of Hwasun County. In less than a month into his confinement there, he was condemned to the ultimate penalty by poison bestowed from the throne. This has left a tragic legacy behind, in the form of a gazebo known as Yeongbyeok-jeong sitting on the Jiseok River at the foot of Mount Yeonji on the outskirts of Neungju. Growing up in Hancheon Township, not far from Yeongbyeokjeong, I was fairly familiar with the killer view that the pavilion commands of its surroundings. How ironic it is that this pavilion must have been meant to be a quiet place of rest and meditation for the condemned!
For another, Yun Seon-do (윤선도, 1587–1671) was exiled to Haenam, where he spent the rest of his life as a pastoral poet-philosopher. Up to this day and age, he is fondly remembered in learned circles for his poetic masterpieces. Of his great works of poetry, An Ode to My Five Dearest Friends (오우가) and A Fisherman’s Song of the Four Seasons (어부사시사) stand out, striking a chord in our collective hearts and souls. Most of those who went to high school in the countryside back in the 1950s, as I did, must be familiar with those nostalgic works of poetry. The Green Rain House (녹우당) in Haenam is a museum dedicated to the memory of Yun Seon-do. It houses a collection of numerous memorabilia celebrating the great poet-thinker-philosopher.
Jeong Yak-yong (정약용, 1762–1836) was another historical personage who spent much of his life as an exile away from home and hearth on the southern shore of Jeonnam Province. Among
Jo Gwang-jo.
Yun Seon-do.
the earliest Korean adopters of the Catholic faith, he was persecuted and banished to Gangjin, an out-of-the-way locality on Korea’s southwestern tip. It is to be noted here that Jeong Yak-yong was a blood relation to Yoon Sun-do, his mother having been of the Haenam Yoon family heritage. Getting baptized into Catholicism back then was regarded as an act of treason against the timehonored Confucian mode of life.
Jeong Yak-yong is better known by his pen name, Dasan (다산, “tea mountain”). This pen name had much to do with Mt. Mandeok, a mountain in Gangjin on the slopes of which grew tea plants aplenty. This mountain was also known as Dasan (Tea Mountain). Dasan’s pen name is clearly intended to imply that the bearer was a staunch tea afficionado.
It would be amiss not to mention that Jeong Yak-yong counted among his brothers two other prominent scholars of the day to be exiled: Jeong Yak-jeon (정약전, 1758–1816) and Jeong Yak-jong (정약종, 1760–1801). Banished to the Islands of Sinji, Ui, and Heuksan, in the vicinity of Gangjin, Yak-jeon was a utilitarian Confucian
scholar held in high esteem for his exceptional familiarity with oceanography, fisheries, and other utilitarian academic pursuits. Yak-jong was also a respectable Confucian scholar of the day. He was a devout Catholic as well and suffered martyrdom for the faith.
Throughout Korean history, people were regularly banished to lonesome spots on the dreary shoreline periphery of Jeonnam so that the outer reaches of the province practically served as Korea’s penal colony well into the tail end of the Joseon Dynasty. Islands in Jeonnam that used to harbor significant numbers of exiles included Jindo, Heuksando, Chujado, Gogeumdo, the Sinan islands, and Wando, as did the towns of Haenam, Gangjin, Gwangyang, Suncheon, and Yeongam. This might help shed light on the negative tag typically attached to the Gwangju-Jeonnam region as a whole to this day by much of the nation.
In a wry paradox, however, Gwangju-Jeonnam has produced quite a few torch bearers for modern Korea. Seo Jae-pil (서재필, aka Philip Jaisohn, 1864–1951), for one, hailed from Mundeok Township in Boseong County. He became a persona non grata in Korea when the Gapsin Coup of 1884 (갑신정변) came to naught. A ringleader of this failed palace coup, he ended up a runaway from the wrath of the court. His wife was executed along with the rest of his family. His fellow coup protagonists included such prominent figures as Kim Okgyun (1851–1894), Pak Yeong-hyo (1861–1939), and Seo Gwang-beom (1859–1897). Seo Jae-pil ended up seeking refuge abroad as an exile in the United States by way of Japan.
The Author
Park Nahm-Sheik is a native of Gwangju. After graduating from Chonnam National University, he went on to receive a master’s degree at the University of Hawaii and a PhD (applied linguistics) at Georgetown University, both in the U.S. Upon completing an illustrious career at Seoul National University, Prof. Park served as president of the International Graduate School of English.
Jeong Yak-yong.
Area Sports Round-Up
A monthly overview of local sports, featuring area teams and brought to you…
By Zhang Jiuzhou (Julius)
Kia Tigers Mourn Tragic Loss in Muan Airport Crash
On December 29, a tragic accident occurred at Muan International Airport in Jeollanam-do, claiming the lives of 179 people, including an employee of the Kia Tigers and their two family members. On December 30, the Kia Tigers expressed their condolences on their official Instagram account, posting: “We mourn the victims of the accident and extend our deepest condolences to their families. May the deceased rest in peace.”
Players Kim Do-young, Park Chan-ho, and Lee Eui-lee also paid tribute through their personal social media accounts.
Yang Hyeon-jong Eyes RecordBreaking Milestone in KBO History
Yang Hyeon-jong, a key contributor alongside ace James Naile to the Kia Tigers’ championshipwinning season, delivered an impressive performance last year with 171.1 innings pitched, 11 wins, 5 losses, and a 4.10 ERA in 29 games. This achievement helped the Tigers clinch their 12th championship after a seven-year hiatus.
Looking ahead, Yang is set to chase a historic milestone: becoming the first KBO pitcher to record 100 strikeouts in 11 consecutive seasons. With 129 strikeouts last year, Yang became the third player in KBO history to achieve 10 straight seasons with 100 strikeouts. If he achieves this feat again, he will cement his legacy as one of the league’s most consistent and reliable pitchers.
Tigers Bolster Roster with Adam Oller Signing
The Kia Tigers announced on January 16 the signing of American pitcher Adam Oller with a contract worth $1 million, including a $200,000 signing bonus, a $600,000 annual salary, and $200,000 in incentives. Standing 193 cm tall and weighing 102 kg, Oller brings MLB experience with 36 appearances (23 starts), a 5–13 record, and a 6.54 ERA, along with four seasons in Triple-A. Known for his 150 km/h fastball and sharp breaking pitches, Oller is expected to form a formidable one-two punch with James Naile in the Tigers’ starting rotation.
Lee Jung-hyo Stays with Gwangju FC Amidst Transfer Speculations
Dubbed the “Korean Mourinho” for his witty demeanor and passionate coaching style, Lee Jung-hyo has been instrumental
Adam Oller signs with the Kia Tigers.
in Gwangju FC’s success. Since taking the helm in 2022, he has led the team to the K-League 2 championship and promotion to K-League 1. Despite financial constraints, Lee guided Gwangju FC to a ninth-place finish in the 2024 season and to an impressive performance in the AFC Champions League Elite League (ACLE).
Although heavily linked with Incheon United and Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors, Lee has decided to stay with Gwangju for the 2025 season. The club recently unveiled its new jerseys, the “Shine Gwangju,” created in partnership with Goal Studio. The home kit features the club’s signature yellow with maroon accents, while the away kit offers a clean white design.
Gwangju has also bolstered its squad with signings, including Park Jeung-in, versatile player Kwon Sung-yun, and forward Park In-hyeok. The team has begun pre-season training in Koh Samui, Thailand, focusing on physical fitness and tactical drills before moving to Osaka, Japan, for the second phase of training.
Notably, Gwangju FC faces a critical match on February 11 against Shandong Taishan in the AFC Champions League Elite (ACLE) East Asia Zone’s seventh group stage match at Jinan
Olympic Sports Center, China. To prepare, the team is undergoing intensive training within a limited time frame.
AI Peppers Show Remarkable Progress in V-League
The AI Peppers, previously dubbed the “easy win machine,” have significantly improved in their fourth season. By January, they had already secured seven wins, surpassing their total victories from any previous season.
Key changes include the appointment of coach Chang So-yun, the addition of setter Lee Wonjeong from Heungkuk Life, and veteran libero Han Da-hye. The team also boasts standout middle blocker Zhang Yu from China and stabilized their roster with opposite spiker Taylor Fricano mid-season.
With these enhancements, the AI Peppers are poised to rewrite their history, with their first playoff appearance now a tangible possibility.
Zhang Jiuzhou (Julius) is from Harbin, China. He began writing in 2022 and has contributed to the Chinese media in Gwangju. He concurrently serves at a sports data company. He is pursuing a master’s degree in media and communications and is responsible for the Chinese Students Association at Chonnam National University.
Gwangju FC unveils new kits. (Gwangju FC)
AI Peppers celebrate victory over Hyundai E&C Hillstate. (KOVO)
The Author
BettyAss Returns Injecting Local Pride into Gwangju's Punk Scene
By Jon Dunbar
BettyAss, one of Gwangju’s first punk bands, dating back to 2002, reunited last year after about seven years apart. Just as their breakup was a major step back for the local music scene, their return is a big leap forward.
At their height about a decade ago, the fourmember band was playing nearly 30 shows a year. This included local shows they organized as well as shows across Korea and even a Japan tour. All this while juggling jobs and in some cases family. “During this time, we started to burn out,” Ji Hong-bum, the band’s guitarist and backup vocalist who referred to himself, appropriately on brand, as Bum, told the Gwangju News.
The fatigue built while working on their last five-song EP, Local Pride, for which they had to, ironically, travel up to Seoul frequently to work on the album. They reached the breaking point, deciding abruptly to take a break even before starting to promote that album. “The break wasn’t meant to last so long, but with the pandemic and other delays, we missed the right timing to return,” Bum said. “At the start of our hiatus, things felt a bit awkward between us, but after a while, we reconnected and started hanging out like before. As the pandemic ended and demand for live performances surged, we received some
good offers for shows. That naturally led us to start talking about performing again.”
They officially reunited with a comeback show on July 21, 2023. Bum emphasized that the four bandmates had all known each other since they were young. During high school, he and BettyAss bassist Yong-woo were fans of bands on Seoul’s Drug Records, including Crying Nut and 18Cruk, as well as No Brain and other bands on its own label, Munsadan. They found themselves drawn more toward skate punk, including international bands like NOFX, Hi-Standard, and Pennywise – the latter whom they opened for at the House of Vans Seoul 2015 show. Bum also cited domestic bands like GUMX, Skrew Attack, and Propeller21, which helped shape the band’s direction.
Bum and Yong-woo started BettyAss 23 years ago, becoming only the second known punk band in Gwangju, after Nakzzang. BettyAss started as a trio with a drummer, and later added a fourth member in 2006. In 2009, they added Boo-jin on lead guitar, and in 2014, Kyung-chun joined on drums, cementing their current lineup.
The band is widely reported to be named for the first time Bum saw a pornographic film, but he
denied that in our interview. “That story was something we made up to share as a fun anecdote about the band name during a broadcast back then,” he said. “In reality, BettyAss is a parody of the U.S. reality slapstick comedy TV show Jackass, which the band members liked.”
He was quick to add that the name was never meant to belittle or objectify women. “While this might seem hard to understand or even absurd from today’s perspective, our intention with the band name was never to be disrespectful to women, neither then nor now,” he said. “The early 2000s in Korea was a time when political openness and explosive cultural diversity led to a rebellious and defiant attitude towards traditional norms and authority, including previously taboo topics like sexuality.”
He added that they even considered changing the name, for completely unrelated reasons, in the mid-2010s. “If we had, we might have gotten more opportunities for broadcasts and performances, maybe even become rock stars by now,” he said. “But to us, the name BettyAss carries the legacy of the years, emotions, friendships, and memories we’ve shared. That’s more valuable to us than rebranding for broader appeal.”
To date, BettyAss has released three albums, starting in 2010 with The Greatest Hits, a pretty audacious – and hilarious – start to a discography. Their 2013 EP, Mudeung Mountain Bomber, was named after local hero Sun Dong-yeol, the legendary pitcher for the Haitai Tigers (now Kia Tigers). “When we were deciding on the album title, we thought it would be great to incorporate something with a local feel,” Bum said. “As a local band, we wanted to reflect on the emotions and sentiments that our community experiences.”
They continued with local references in their last EP, Local Pride, released in 2016 amid their breakup. Bum explained how the first four songs of the five-track album were intended to express the events of the May 18th Uprising in Gwangju in 1980: “The intro represents the resolve before the battle, the two main songs symbolize the battle itself and the outro conveys the emptiness and bitterness after the fight.”
Regarding his own feelings of local pride, Bum said it’s a bit complicated: “As a local, I am proud of Gwangju’s historic democratic uprising, but I also feel a sense of fatigue with the political culture here.”
He also spoke frankly about the local music scene. “The Gwangju scene has always been in a state where there’s not much left to get worse,” he said. “Honestly, we don’t expect much more from it; we just keep doing our thing as we always have. We’re simply grateful to the club owners who keep things running, the bands who keep going despite the tough circumstances, and the audience members who come out to support the shows.”
Now with all members in their early 40s, they currently have five songs in the works for an upcoming fourth album. “Of course, as always, the issue is money,” Bum said. “If you want to invest, feel free to send a DM on Instagram.”
Follow @bettyass_sk8 on Instagram for more about this band.
The Author
Jon Dunbar is a member of the Gwangju International Center living in Seoul. He has contributed the monthly crossword to the Gwangju News since June 2019. He is also an independent publisher, who founded the punk zine Broke in Korea in 2005 and published the novel Hongdae Fire in 2020.
Punk rock group BettyAss.
February Upcoming Events
MUSIC CONCERTS
Candlelight Concert: Joe Hisaishi’s and Timeless Composers’ Masterpieces
The magic of a multi-sensory experience of music in an inspiring atmosphere, surrounded by candles and flowers.
Admission: A seats 55,000; B seats 44,000; C seats 33,500.
EXPERIENCES
ACC Asia Art Experience
1. Indonesian Crafts: Understanding of Baltic Culture (Instructor: Hwang Yeji)
Date: February 6–12 (Wed.–Wed.)
Time: 2:00–4:00 p.m., 7:00–9:00 p.m. (One session only per person).
Venue: ACC Cultural Information Center, B2 Cultural Education Room 1
Admission: Free (Parking tickets not included).
Reservations: Asia Culture Center website.
Age Requirement: Adults Inquiries: 062-601-4324
2. The Garden Cultures of Asia (Instructor: Kang Yeonja)
Date: February 19 (Wed.)
Time: 2:00–4:00 p.m., 7:00–9:00 p.m. (One session only per person).
Venue: ACC Cultural Information Center B2 Cultural Education Room 1
Admission: Free (Parking tickets not included). Reservations: Asia Culture Center website. Age Requirement: Adult Inquiries: 062-601-4324
EXHIBITIONS
Companionship Exhibition “Canvas and Harmony”
Jointly hosted by the National Asian Culture Center Foundation (ACCF) and the Gwangju Fine Arts Association, celebrating the spirit of connection and collaboration among local Gwangju artists.
Inquiries: 1899-5566
Date: December 20, 2024
– February 23, 2025 (Sun.), 2025
Venue: Asia Culture Center Archive & Research, Bamboo Garden
Traditional cosmologies and time systems that have gradually faded with the advent of Western modernization, seeking to revive them through contemporary art narratives.
Date: Until February 16, 2025
Times: Tuesday–Sunday: 10:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Wednesday & Saturday: 10:00 a.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Closed on Mondays.
Venue: ACC Cultural Creation Center Complex Exhibition Hall 1
Admission: Free Age Requirement: All ages.
Inquiries: 1899-5566
Asia Culture Museum Collection Series: “Mithila Paintings”
Date: Until March 9, 2025 (Mon.)
Times: Tuesday–Sunday: 10:00 a.m. – 6:00 p.m.
Wednesday & Saturday: 10:00 a.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Closed on Mondays.
Venue: Asia Culture Center
Archive & Research, Asia Culture Museum
Admission: Free
Age Requirement: No restriction. Inquiries: 1899-5566
ACC FOCUS – Koo Bohnchang: The Look of Things
About 160 works and 200 archive materials that include Koo’s Objects series (“DMZ,” “Blue and White Porcelain,” “Mask” [14 in total], the unreleased video work “Korea Fantasy,” and works from Koo’s collection).
Admission: Free Age Requirement: All ages. Inquiries: 1899-5566
SPECIAL EVENT
Nam-gu District Office: Traditional Bean Paste-Making Day
• Date: To be announced in early February.
• Venue: Gwangju Bean Center (광주콩종합센터), 101-1 Apchon-dong
• Admission: 125,000 won (5 kg of bean paste [doenjang] and 2 liters of soy sauce [ganjang] included; delivery fee paid separately on arrival during August or September, when ready.)
• Inquiries and Reservations: 062-385-0455
Compiled by Chung Hyunhwa.
Crossword Puzzle Solutions
Crossword Puzzle Answers for the January Issue
Here are the solutions to the January crossword puzzle. Regrettably, the crossword puzzle which appeared in this issue will be our last for the foreseeable future. We wish to convey our heartfelt thanks to Jon Dunbar for continuously supplying us with customized puzzles over the past months and years. They have been much enjoyed.
Nam-gu Bean Paste-Making Day. (Nam-gu District Office)
What is the GIRC?
The Gwangju International Residents Center provides the following services:
WORKER SETTLING-IN
SUPPORT
• General Consultation
• Employee–Employer Support
• Gwangju Life Orientation
• Computer and Digital Device Training
INTERNATIONAL RESIDENT CONSULTATION
• One-Stop Consultation Day
• Gwangju Life Guidance
EDUCATION
• Korean Language Classes
• Employment Skills Training
EXCHANGE SUPPORT
• Global Culture Classroom
• Global Community Support Project
• World Culture Day
For more information…
• Website: https://girc.or.kr/ (Available in 28 languages.)
