R AI
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2013 GWUIHYUN SHIN_377554
CONTENTS Introduction & Experience of Digital Technology
01-02
PART A: EOI I CASE FOR INNOVATION A.1.architecture as a discourse
05-08
A.2.computational architecture
09-12
A.3.parametric design
13-16
A.5. & A.6.conclusion & learning outcome Bibliography
17-18 19-20
PART B: EOI II DESIGN APPROACH B.1.DESIGN FOCUS
23-26
B.2.CASE STUDY 1.0-EXPLORATION 27-30 B.3.CASE STUDY 2.0-REVERSE ENGINEERING
31-36
B.4.TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT 37-38 B.5.TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT-PROTOTYPES 39-42 B.6.TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL-PROTOTYPES 43-50 B.8.LEARNING OUTCOME
51-52
Bibliography 53-54 PART C: PROJECT PROPOSAL C.1.GATEWAY PROJECT-DESIGN CONCEPT
57-70
C.2.GATEWAY PROJECT-TECTONIC ELEMENTS
71-74
C.3.FINAL MODEL
75-84
C.5.LEARNING OUTCOME
85-86
My name is Gwuihyun Shin from Korea. I study architecture in third year. My English name is Glenn, which I made for myself and people who cannot pronounce my Korean name. I have been living in Australia over 4years. I lived in Brisbane for 2years and came down to Melbourne to study 2years ago. Before that, I worked in army for 2years for my country. As an international student, English is still a challenge for me. I started seriously learning English after I came to Australia. Doing presentations and writing essays are always difficult things to do, which make me feel nervous all the time. But, doing design projects is my favorite, because these are more like showing ideas and finding solutions in terms of design without much talk. I really like creating new things which make me fully concentrated on. It never makes me feel bored. Thus, I expect that Air studio will provide me the excitement of my last year school life in Australia.
I have done the Earth and the Water studios last year. I used Rhino to generate 3D models for those design studios. Since I took the Virtual Environment in first year, I knew how to use the Rhino. At that time, we manipulated the paneling tools to fabricate the curvy lofting shaped models. That was the first time to know the digital technology is revolutionary in the design field. As we all know, Rhino is such a good computer program to generate schematic digital model in three dimensional digital spaces. I still remember the first guest lecture of the Virtual environment. He inspired me that learning digital technology is inevitable to architectural students for our future career. Lecturer said that if people use the curvy ruler in the past, all the buildings should, now, have circular and curvy shapes other than straight and box forms of architecture, but computer program has brought new ways and tools to design architecture. So, architects or designers can illustrate whatever design they want with assistance of computer programs such as CAD and BIM. This bears unlimited possibilities in this era.
EXPERIENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
나는 신귀현
Introduction
PART A: EOI I CASE FOR INNOVATION
A.1.
ARCHITECTURE AS A DISCOURSE
a
05
Architecture
Discourse...
READING RESPONSE
“Traditionally, architectural discourse has been largely a the past, architects and artists set limits to discourse of form.” Ininterpretation of architecture as style. However, architectures, now, communicate with public and space, and generate more interpretation by public which architects do not expect. Some building could be symbolic to people even though building itself is ugly. This is same notion as ‘space’ to ‘place’; non-meaningful to memorable for someone; structural object for architect to architecture for society and public. Therefore, Architecture should be more discussed and re-interpreted in sincere ways as what we have to manage. Also, architects or designers try to narrow the gap between public and profession, and extract the rational interpretation of architecture. This is because architecture becomes powerful medium that we all are engaged with.
“To make architecture is to map the world in some way, to intervene, to signify: it is a political act. Architecture, then, as discourse, discipline, and form, operates at the intersection of power, relations of production, culture, and representation and is instrumental to the construction of our identities and our differences, to shaping how we know the world.” My understanding of architecture is how architects and architecture revert to human societies. As we all know, architecture itself can infuse life into a desolate environment visibly and invisibly likewise nature has been spontaneously doingW for human. Since human build up their own environment in nature, such as cities, architects and designers need to undertake this responsibility for public. For example, bleak and gloomy street can be highlighted by splendid architecture and this provides exclusive atmosphere. Also, this affects the all the commercial business around or, largely one nation. Furthermore, architecture can generate new culture and great social atmosphere all time, or, on the other hand, new culture and society can generate new types of building in need. We have to recognize that architecture is more than just such form and shape of architect’s intent. Thus, Architecture should be more discussed. 06
PRECEDENT 01- 8 HOUSE 8 house is located in Copenhagen, Denmark, and designed by famous Denmark architectural firm, Bjark Ingels Group. The BIG always does simple and extraordinary design of architecture. Buildings they have designed are really playful and visually give us strong impression all the time. This residential building has been awarded many times; the World Best Residential Building at 2011 World Architecture Festival in Barcelona, the 2012 AIA Institute Honor Award and etc. This outcome is not just because of design of architecture. We can know why this building is extraordinary from the comments of juries. The Juries said; ‘The 8 house in the Copenhagen quarter of Orestad is an exemplar project. It combines retail, commercial row houses and apartments in untraditional ways, and its elevated street provides a new level of social engagement.’ Fig.1. Photo from: http://www.archdaily.com/198730
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‘The 8house masterfully recreates the horizontal social connectivity and intersection of the streets of a village neighborhood through a series of delightful accessible ramps in a mixed use, multifamily housing project. The skillful shaping of the mass of the facility provides an invigorating sculptural form while creating the ramped “pedestrian” street system and providing full depth dwelling units which are filled with light and views. People really ‘live’ in this newly created neighborhood with shopping, restaurants, an art gallery, office facilities, childcare, educational facilities and the sound of children playing. This is a complex and exemplary project of a new typology.’ As we can see, this is not just a building to residence. This residential building fully engages and reverts to local society. It will become the symbolic building in Copenhagen or already became. It could be the landmark of Denmark. This shows how architecture affects to society. Also, like jury said, this project can be a new typology. This building could make the new culture and environment for human. I will describe this building is powerful and superb architecture.
PRECEDENT 02- Guggenheim Museum
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in Spain is designed by Frank Gehry who is world famous architect in this era. This building is built in 1997. Basically, this museum transformed the city Bilbao. This museum is remarkable architecture around the world and became a popular tourist attraction. After opening this museum, 4 million tourists visited the museum for 3years, as a result of that; around 500 million euros were generated in economy activity. This is called “Guggenheim effect�. This is an example how A spectacular architecture helps the development of society and economy activity.
Fig.2. Photo from: http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/guggenheim-bilbao-and-%E2%80%98hotbanana%E2%80%99
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A.2.
COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE
COMPUTATIONAL ARCHITECTURE 09
READING RESPONSE
In the past, to design architecture was the responsibility of Master craftsman. They designed and constructed architecture at the same time. Plans and sections did not exist before the Renaissance, but after inventing Plans and sections, the classification of architect and builder was created. From the moment drawings and sketches are the special skills architects have to have. Architect has to provide accurate plans and sections to construct building, and also superb hand drawing skills were required to assure the clients and builders. In general, after conceptualizing the design of building, visualization of design idea is the process to generate real architecture which old architect had to get through and current architect still does. Yet, invention of computer and CAD program brought us new technology to architectural field. This is digitalization or computerization of architectural expression. Architectural practice started using computers to draw all the plans and sections with CAD program. Architect can produce as many drawings as they want once they finish drawings in computer, but also drawings are fixable and editable. This is time efficiency and cost efficiency. Therefore, utilizing computer became one of the skills architects should have.
However, through the development of software, we, now, face new technologies. Computing or computation skills are created. Designers or architects use computer to conceptualize the idea and design structure. This means that people can actually generate the concept, 3d models and etc within digital space without doing hand craft and delivering ideas into the digital space. The difference between computerization and computation is that computerization is that there is already existing concept idea and draft of architecture, but computation is that people work in a digital space and generate all the things within. Therefore it could be really different process to design things. However, some program limits the creativity of human because program itself has certain limit. For example, Revit, which is BIM program, is really good tool to generate common buildings and useful to document all the things to construct new building but, generating freeform of building can be difficult. On the other hand, Rhino is great to design freeform of building but, this is schematic design program, which is not specified architectural program. So, every program has both pros and cons to design architecture.
“The dominant mode of utilizing computers in architecture today is that of computerization; entities or processes that are already conceptualized in the designer’s mind are entered, manipulated, or stored on a computer system. In contrast, computation or computing, as a computer-based design tool, is generally limited”.
“It is possible to claim that a designer’s creativity is limited by the very programs that are supposed to free their imagination”. Thus, computerization and computing in architecture absolutely assist design projects but we need to consider that only utilizing computer can be restriction of human creativity.
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PRECEDENT 01 - WATER CUBE
Water cube is a swimming pool made of bubbles for the Beijing Olympic in 2008. This Olympic stadium was designed by Herzog & De Meuron. The structure and form came from mimicking the soup bubble structure and, to execute this geometry in real, structural engineer explored the structure by using Fablon software. 22,000 structural elements and 4,000 ETFE(EthyleneTetrafluoro-Ethylene) cladding pillow panes were needed. These are efficient and lightweight membracne pillow-panel which is a continuous and insulating skin for the walls and roof. The sizes of all the structural elements were automatically selected by the engineering software and then joined to the spherical nodes at each end to form the bubble structure frame. As we can see, computer fully engages the design process and construction process. These days, architect pursues and challenges to design complex form. According to this using computer program is necessary to design and construct new types of buildings. Also, we can pioneer new way to execute unique building, which never existed before, with assisting computer. 11
Fig.3. Photo from: http://architectureau.com/articles/practice-23/
PRECEDENT 02 - TRI BOWL
Fig.4. Photo from: www.artukraine.com.ua/eng/news/915.html
The Incheon Tri-Bowl is located in Korea. This building is designed by firm iArc Architects. The goal of the project was creating a landmark at central park of Song Do. The design idea was derived from breaking the general thoughts about architecture. It has unique structure which is a curved floor with large flat roof, narrow floor to large span roof. The low part of building exposed concrete structure and the one–way curved surfaces, upper part, finished with aluminum panels. When I saw this building it remind me the Frank Gehry’s guggenheim museum because of meterial. The material they used looks similar and curvy shape of building gives me same impression as Frank Gehry’s. This building also shows how computer contribute into the architectural field at the moment. Structure and free curved form was planned and calculated by 3D computer program, also, to manufacture each aluminum panel the assistance of computer program was required. Otherwise, this is impossible to build in real.
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PARAMETRIC MODELING
13
PARAMETRIC DESIGN
PARAMETRIC DESIGN
A.3.
READING RESPONSE The definition of Parametric is still ongoing discourse. I also tried to figure out what ‘Parametric’ is. This is such a new term that we began to use in architecture post modernism. Is it new design strategy? style? Or, theory? So, people try to establish the definition of parametric. I thought, at first, that parametric is new design or style of architecture, and it might be the result of significant development of computer program such as grasshopper. Therefore, this style looks futuristic architecture which is computer-influenced design; many small geometric things, blobs, being together and, that make structures and shapes. However, parametric is more than I think. Yessios claim the Parametric is change. “Initially, a parametric definition was simply a mathematical formula that required values to be substituted for a few parameters in order to generate variations from within a family of entities. Today it is used to imply that the entity once generated can easily be changed.” When we do parametric design or modeling in digital space, we can input different values or data followed by we can get different forms of design so, this is very mathematical and algorithmic. I think this comment has something in common with mathematical definition of parametric. “Parametric is a “ set of equations that express a set of quantities as explicit functions of a number of independent variables, known as ‘parameters”. Thus, architect can design buildings by constraints that architecture wants to deal with. In other word, constraints or parameters could be the contexts that affect to design buildings. So Aish and Woodbury has this perspective of parametric, which is parametric is design
“Parametric modeling is not new: building components have been adapted to context for centuries.” Also, Burry said “Parametric design is tantamount a sine qua non; What exactly is nonparametric design? Some architects, Alvaro Siza and Tadao Ando, represent contextual architects. They collect the contexts such as sunlight, wind, users, typology and etc. And then, they reflect them to their design and, this is the one of common strategies to design architecture even for architecture students. So like burry said, all the architecture can be parametric and there seems no non-parametric design in architecture. People think that general thoughts of parametric design can be derived from computation. Now we use computer to do parametric design but computer just helps us to design architecture parametrically. This is because using computer is much easier and simple to do complex design. Computing can develop the parametric design but, we should not limit that the definition of parametric is computation. In conclusion, I think that there is no certain definition of parametric. My opinion of parametric is that basic nodes we set up to link are ‘actively’ modified according to parameters or constraints we generate, in a result, new outcome will be released all the time based on the premise that computer will assist us to do this, because there is no point not to use computer in the future.
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PRECEDENT 01 MAFOOMBEY This installation is to listening and experiencing music within the set dimensions of two and a half cubic meters. This project was executed with 3d software and scale models. This model consists of 360 layers of seven millimeter corrugated cardboard, adding up to 720 half-square sheets. The Sheets, 2.5 meters by 1.25 meters, are cut one by one using a computer controlled cutter. This model illustrates the one of parametric design skills, which is sectioning. They sectioned horizontally the basic cube form to execute the curvy surfaces inside. All the assemblies are lightweight and easy to fabricate. After fabrication, all the layers become the structure of form and achieve the interior space at the same time. It does not need extra material to decorate and make structure. Thus, this can be a good example how computer efficiently engage the design and how this will influence into architectural field in the future.
Figure.5.Photo from: http://mydesignfix.com/2009/12/14/mafoombey-acoustic-space-martti-kallialaesa-ruskeep/
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PRECEDENT 02
METROPOLITAN OPERA HOUSE
Fig.6. Photo from: http://www.designboom.com/architecture/toyo-ito-taichung-metropolitan-opera/
Taichung metropolitan opera house is designed by Toyo Ito who is recently awarded Pritzker prize. This geometric form of building is interconnected to each room. All the ruled surfaces can be the structure for the space and magnificent sculpture at the same time. The main structure will be formed with several connecting curved walls; in total 58 curved wall units. Continuous and curvy surfaces in an open structure attractively engages environment and creates absolutely fantastic atmosphere and opportunity to experience spaces for people. This building has such complex shapes so, the special construction technique is necessary. Therefore, many local construction companies were not keen to engage in this project. This sort of parametric building is considerable to build in real. I think that the weakest point of parametric design is construction in architecture. The installation of small scale structure can be easy and efficient but if it is large scale, special construction technique will be demand all the time because this is still new things to do in architectural field. Construction is not fabrication. 16
A.5. CONCLUSION We are living within and surrounding architectures every day. We sleep, eat, work and be protected in architecture, so architecture is always with us, and affects our life every time. Architecture has also been developed by human with process of civilization. Laugier’s thought of architecture was developed in renaissance architecture. Industrial revolution provided us new materials and new technologies. World War I and II facilitated the development of all the scientific technologies. As a result, architecture is the reflection of men’s civilization. This is mutual relationship between architecture and human society. Architecture is not an organism but we, architecture and human, communicate and affect each other, as a result, human make new types of architecture and we were influenced by them. Therefore, architecture can be living organism in terms of human society. So we need to understand how architecture works and benefit in living society. Architecture should be discourse
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A.6. LEARNING OUTCOME What I learned through this course is the basic concept of parametric design. I knew that computer engage the design process but I did not know how much engage in architecture. This was more than I thought and, I realized that computation and parametric design will transform the architectural design society. This is really futuristic and powerful. It even reminds me the futurism menifesto 0f 20th century. I expect how this new design process will grow in the future. I prefer to design architecture that provides people to have a pleasure. Some architecture is well designed by designer’s intent, but people who do human activity in and around the building do not feel great in some case. Personally, parametric design is really great. Utilizing computer is really great way to design architecture. And we called that futuristic building in some way. At last, I have reservation that all people will like these architecture. I know the parametric design is such great thing. It looks spectacular, and this is functional and useful for people. Yet, it is sometimes too complex and makes me feel dizzy in terms of appearence of building. When I see the modern dwellings that looks even better sometimes. Also, I think that parametric design itself is the result of the human laziness. People try to deliver their creativity to computer in a way. Computer will design something great for us. What we need to do is algorithmic thinking. Human needs to think mathematically and algorithmically, which computer needs to do for human in the past. However, we all know parametric design has potential and some architecture has proved that parametric design is the high quaility of new technology in architecture. Followingly, for the design studio Air, I will be using and trying the parametric design tool such as grasshopper. From the past design studio, I learnt how to design buildings with context such as sunlight, noise and contours. I will be using theses for the new design of gateway as parameters, I will find the way how to present these into design. Also, I will try to put some messages to inspire people, not just eye catching instrallation.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Architecture as a Discourse Definition of “algorithm” in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil eds(1999) in The Mit Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (London: The MIT Press) pp.11-12 dutton, thomas a. and Lian hurst Mann, eds (1996). Reconstructing Architecture: Critical Discourses and Social Practices (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press), p. 1 Lynn, Greg (1998) “Why Tectonics is Square and Topology is Groovy”, in Fold, Bodies and Blobs: Collected Essays ed. by Greg Lynn (Bruxelles: La Lettre volée), pp. 169-182 Leach, neil, ed., (1997). Rethinking Architecture: A Reader in Cultural Theory (London: routledge), p. xiii 8 house “BIG’s 8 House Honored by the AIA,” Jordana, Sebastian, ArchDaily, last modified 09 January 2012, http://www.archdaily.com/198730 “Housing Winner: 8 House, Denmark,” World Architecture Festival, last modified 03 November 2011, http://www.worldarchitecturefestival.com/news-detail.cfm?newsId=223 Guggenheim Museum “Guggenheim, Bilbao, and the ‘hot banana’,” Leslie Crawford, Yale Global Online, last modified 4 September 2001 http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/guggenheimbilbao-and-%E2%80%98hot-banana%E2%80%99 Computational Architecture Terzidis, Kostas (2006). Algorithmic Architecture (Boston, mA: elsevier), p. xi Yehuda E. Kalay, Architecture’s New Media : Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5 - 25 Terzidis, Kostas (2009). Algorithms for Visual design using the processing Language (Indianapolis, In: Wiley), p. xx 19
Tri bowl “Unique bowl-shaped cultural space opens in Incheon,” Art Ukraine, last modified 15 February 2011, http:// www.artukraine.com.ua/eng/news/915.html “Incheon Tri-bowl by iArc Architects,” Archi Scene, last modified 14 December 2012, http://www.archiscene.net/cultural/incheon-tri-bowl-iarc-architects/ “Incheon Tri-bowl / iArc Architects,” Archdaily, last modified 12 December 2012, http://www.archdaily. com/190720/incheon-tri-bowl-iarc-architects/ “Engineering the Watercube,” Tristam Carfrae, Architectureau, last modified 1 July 2006, http://architectureau.com/articles/practice-23/ Parametric Design Woodbury, Robert (2010). Elements of Parametric Design (London: Routledge) pp. 7-48 Yessios, Chris. 2003. “Is There More to Come?” In architecture in the digital age: Design and Manufacturing, ed. Branko Kolarevic, 259-68. New York: Spon Press. Weisstein, Eric. 2003 CRC Concise Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. Second. Florida:Chapman & Hall/CRC. doi:10.1201/9781420035223-18. Aish, Robert, and Robert Woodbury. 2005. “Multi-level interaction in Parametric Design.” In Smart Graphics:5th International Sympsium, ed. Andreas Buts, Brian Fisher, Antonio Kruger and Patrick Oliver, 151-162. Frauenworth Cloister: Springer Burry, Mark. 2011. Scripting Cultures. West Sussex : John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Iwamoto, Lisa 2009. “Digital Fabrications: Architectural and Material Techniques”, Princeton Architecutral Press, New York. toyo ito “Toyo Ito: Taichung Metropolitan Opera,” Designboom, last modified 23 March 2010, http://www.designboom.com/architecture/toyo-ito-taichung-metropolitan-opera/ 20
PART B: EOI II DESIGN APPROACH
B.1.
SECTIONING
DESIGN FOCUS
For the Wyndham City Gateway project, our group decided to comply with one of the parametric approaches after we had done a little bit of research of every design streams such as structure, tessellation, and geometry. At last we came to understanding that sectioning is the most interesting approach as the form can be structurally generated and probably buildable in reality. Through the research of sectioning itself and related precedent projects, we have found the 6 specific characteristics of sectioning that could be adopted for our Wyndham City Gateway design.
Visual Perception Motion SECTIONING
View control Structure as form Kinetic Sectioning Solution
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PRECEDENTS 1. Visual Perception Banq Restaurant, 2009 _NADAA Architects
Fig.1. Photo from: http://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da/
Sectioning allows us to construct 3 dimensional forms by using 2 dimensional planes. Continuous layer of planar 2D planes can easily generate 3D form as a whole, which we found more distinct and intriguing than other parametric approaches. Also, each different shape of 2D planes helps the 3 dimensional to be more organic and sinuous form.
2. Motion Mobuis, 2011 _Eness Sectioning provides us a sense of movement, dynamism and change that are driven by the changes of static object. This is the distinct chraceterstic of sectioning approach through ‘frame by frame’ visualization. Fig.2. Photo from: http://www.thisiscolossal.com/2011/08/mobius-a-stop-motion-sculpture/
3. View control Private House, 2009 _Gramazio & Kohler View can be controllable by section panels. The position and direction of section panels generate specific voids between panels and it also defines the specific point of view that is akin to louver windows.
W Fig.3. Photo from: http://www.archdaily.com/260663/private-house-gramazio-kohler/
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PRECEDENTS 4. Structure as form Metropol Parasol,2011 _Jurgen Mayer-Hermann Sectioning itself can be structure and form at the same time. Assembling every panel can produce the form and structure within design intent.
Fig.4. Photo from:http://www.jochemwartena.nl/parasol-bed/
5. Kinetic Melbourne Gateway, 2000 _Denton Corker Marshall This precedent provides us idea that relationship between form and void emphasizes the sense of speed of driver and creates dynamism when passing by.
Fig.5. Photo from: http://urbanmelbourne.info/forum/melbournes-never-built
6. Sectioning Solution Digital Origami Shelter, 2011 _LAVA Studio Sectioning is the key to generate the design solution as it opens up architectural discourse by taking cultural, contextual and social insight,
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Fig.6. Photo from: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/digital-origami-emergency-shelter-profile-41889
OUTCOME
After we researched precedents, we realised that we could generate sectioning in various ways. Sectioning allows us to create such an organic or sinuous form in 3 dimensional in reality with 2D planes, We can also illustrate movement or dynamism within the form at the same time. we can provide users to have special experience by controlling their view points and spacing section panels which is achieved by experiencing speed through eyes. Also, sectioning can be generated at large scale structure as form. In addition, sectioning can reflect the social desire in many ways. Therefore, sectioning is the fundamental approach in fullfilling our design intent with its great potential to reflect our ideas.
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B.2.
CASE STUDY 1.0
EXPLORATION Generating sectioning panels along the curve
In case study 1.0, our group explored how we create sectioning in grasshopper with basic definition that is given to us. We played around with this definition such as changing parameters and also, we individually found different definition to make sections and add more functions into basic definition. Finally, we developed the basic definition and add more functions and the definition we modified successfully worked. Through this exploration, we achieved many definitions we can use and we can develop for the further steps.
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Different input images: sinuous looking panels based on image
Changing the height and width parameters
Adding louver system into basic definition
Different approach to make the sectioning; changing height and thickness of straight panels generated along the curve
First trial of Combining all the definition we figure out; basic definition + louver system definition + changing heightpanels generated along the curve
Final definition: generating panels based on curve, sinuous panels based on image, louver system, different heights, and thickness of panels
MATRIX 1.0
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1ST
PROTOTYPE
IMAGE REFLECTION: VISUAL PERCEPTION
LOUVER SYSTEM : VISUAL CONTROL 29
OUTCOME
From the beginning of part two study, we fully researched what section is in parametric design and, explored and did experiments with grasshopper definition. Also, we approached the different ways to create the section panels and, it helped us to utilise the definition in various way really well. We have more functional and flexible definition to create parametric design which is sectioning. From this study, we achieved capability that helps to create most things we want.
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B.3.
CASE STUDY 2.0
In case study 2.0, we tried two reverse engineering projects which are one of precedents we researched before and the one introduced in the lecture. First one is Digital Origami Shelter and the second one is Cadence, which is similar to Melbourne Gateway. The reason why we chose these projects is that, firstly, we already figured out how to generate the sectioning design of the rest of projects we researched in case study 1.0 and, second, we wanted to understand and graft these principles of sectioning works for our final project.
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REVERSE ENGINEERING
Digital Origami Shelter, 2011 LAVA Studio
Fig.7. Photo from: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/digital-origami-emergency-shelter-profile-41889
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MODEL
IMAGE REFLECTION: VISUAL PERCEPTION INSIDE 33
SUBTRACTION, ADDITION : INTERACTION
OUTCOME The process of this project is making solid mass form, subtracting the circular solid form inside and then, section it. According to these steps, curvy inside can be generated. After we finished this reverse engineering project, the main thing we gain was the one of design ideas for the gateway project. We found out the subtraction could be the interesting idea for sectioning, so the idea is taking parts from the solid linear mass form to show creating the section panels from the solid form. On the other word, section panels come from the solid form and, illustrate the materialization to dematerialization. Therefore, we can illustrate the strong contrast between two design rather than showing just sections.
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Cadence, 2008_Tonkin Zulaikha Greer Architects with Rovert Owen
Fig.8. Photo from: http://www.vulgare.net/2008/12/craigieburn-bypass-hume-freeway-melbourne-australia/
DIVIDE CURVE AND SECTION LOUVER SYSTEM IN GRASSHOPPER
PANEL THICKNESS PARAMETER IN GRASSHOPPER
CREATING 4 DIFFERENT MODULES BY MAKING SERIES AND LIST ITEMS, CONTROLLING HEIGHT PARAMETER
VECTOR MANIPULATION OF FORM
DIFFEREN PERSPECTIVE VEIW OR VECTOR MANIPULATION OF FORM
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OUTCOME The similarity between the precedent and what we create is that we generate the vertical narrow panels and louver them on some point. This is absolutely same way as the gateway TGZ architects creates. Furthermore, we created the difference on basic model by adding more definitions we created in case study 1.0. Our group created 4 different modules by using series and list item components in grasshopper and then, we controlled height parameters. After that, we change the vector direction of extrusion of each panel, so we create more dynamic looking panels. Hence, we created the multiple vector panels with different heights. Panels will illustrate the motion and dynamism rather than static straight columns.
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B.4.
TECHNIQUE
Up to case study 2.0 we mostly researched and played around with grasshopper to generate sectioning design well. After we finished all the case study 1.0 and 2.0, we tried to develop the grasshopper definition to actually make one more step for the proposal of Wyndham city Gateway project. First of all, we needed to change the vector direction from Z to Y to create sinuous shape on the side of panels, after that, generated different width spacing between each panel and added louver system, and then, we input different heights every panels for our design intent. After finish every steps we positioned section panels on curvy path, also, we extruded panel to generate thickness of every panels and finally we could test that we created appropriate spacing between panels in digital space to fabricate physical model in real.
DEVELOPMENT
GENERAL SECTIONING : 2D PLANE TO 3D FORM
IMAGE REFLECTION: VISUAL PERCEPTION
SPACING BETWEEN PANELS : SOLID AND VOID EXPERIENCE
LOUVER SYSTEM : VISUAL CONTROL
HEIGHT : MARKER WITHIN LANDSCAPE
STRAIGHT TO CURVE PATH : DYNAMISM
THICKNESS ; MATERIAL TEST 37
MATRIX 2.0
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B.5. TECHNIQUE DEVELOPEMENT: PROTOTYPES
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B.5.
TECHNIQUE
GENERAL SECTIONING : 2D PLANE TO 3D FORM
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DEVELOPMENT
IMAGE REFLECTION: VISUAL PERCEPTION
SPACING BETWEEN PANELS : SOLID AND VOID EXPERIENCE
PROTOTYPES
LOUVER SYSTEM : VISUAL CONTROL
HEIGHT : MARKER WITHIN LANDSCAPE
STRAIGHT TO CURVE PATH : DYNAMISM
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B.6.
TECHNIQUE The gateway in general is the important location that provides strong impression of city where people are ahead. For the Wyndham city which is small city now, the gateway will give people the sense of what the city desires to be. The main design idea of our group is the materialisation and the dematerialisation. Wyndham city wants to be larger city and future city, so the Melbourne city is the ideal city they want to be. For the aim of this, Wyndham city needs a landmark people recognise such as Sydney Opera House in Sydney, Flinders station in Melbourne, Empire State Building in New York, and Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao. Thus, if the Gateway is the landmark, it will directly benefit the Wyndham city in the future. For this aim, sectioning is the solution to design the Gateway.
ADDITIONAL WORK FOR DESIGN INTENT
SUBTRACTION, ADDITION : INTERACTION 43
PROPOSAL We created this model as proposal of gateway. We did not create the shelter. We created the sculpture as gateway on the side of road. It demonstrates what Wyndham city desires to be. Changing spacing between panels illustrate the materialization of future city of Wyndham, at the same time, to give drivers special experience of speed. Sinuous shape and changing heights lift up the flat land scape of site to make dynamic journey. In addition sections interact with solid form so then, it makes the strong contrast between them and make more interesting and eye catching.
MODEL
TOP VIEW
NORTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE VIEW 1
SOUTH ELEVATION
WEST ELEVATION
PERSPECTIVE VIEW 2
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B.6.
TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL:PROTOTYPE
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FINAL DIAGRAM
GENERAL SECTIONING : 2D PLANE TO 3D FORM
IMAGE REFLECTION: VISUAL PERCEPTION
LOUVER SYSTEM : VISUAL CONTROL
HEIGHT : MARKER WITHIN LANDSCAPE
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SPACING BETWEEN PANELS : SOLID AND VOID EXPERIENCE
STRAIGHT TO CURVE PATH : DYNAMISM
WYNDHAM CITY GATEWAY PROPOSAL SUBTRACTION, ADDITION : INTERACTION
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B.6.
TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL:PROTOTYPE
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B.8. LEARNING OUTCOME
In the mid presentation, main feedback from the juries was that our group needs to present a touch of humanity into computational design. This is the good point that we need to learn. If we are obsessed with computational design too much, we will not design something for human. The reason why we use the computational design or parametric modeling is to create the beautiful design which fulfills human satisfaction. Computational design is sometimes too powerful and the design comes out as forceful object, so people will feel repulsion when they see unfamiliar design which is fully designed in computation. Therefore, we need to ease the design intent to touch the human emotion.
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NEXT STEP FOR THE FINAL
REFLECTION
Through this studies in part B, we are able to create, manipulate and design parametric models. We created as many models as we could by using grasshopper and FabLab. Computational design allows us to design something really quick and easy. The result we generated was also great. We created the high quality of digital model and physical model. The strong point of computational design is that we can accomplish well from digital model to physical model in real quickly. During the process, theoretical research is required. Computational design is still cutting edge and developing skills, so we better research the precedent and, look at their success. Therefore, doing research and testing in digital space should be finished before realization.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Fig.1. Banq Restaurant, 2009_NADAA Architects Photo from: http://www.archdaily.com/42581/banq-office-da/ Fig.2. Mobuis, 2011_Eness Photo from: http://www.thisiscolossal.com/2011/08/mobius-a-stop-motion-sculpture/ Fig.3. Private House, 2009_Gramazio & Kohler Photo from: http://www.archdaily.com/260663/private-house-gramazio-kohler/ Fig.4. Metropol Parasol,2011_Jurgen Mayer-Hermann Photo from:http://www.jochemwartena.nl/parasol-bed/ Fig.5. Melbourne Gateway, 2000_Denton Corker Marshall Photo from: http://urbanmelbourne.info/forum/melbournes-never-built Fig.6. Digital Origami Shelter, 2011_LAVA Studio Photo from: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/digital-origami-emergency-shelter-profile-41889 Fig.7. Digital Origami Shelter, 2011_LAVA Studio Photo from: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/digital-origami-emergency-shelter-profile-41889 Fig.8. Cadence, 2008_Tonkin Zulaikha Greer Architects with Rovert Owen Photo from: http://www.vulgare.net/2008/12/craigieburn-bypass-hume-freeway-melbourne-australia/
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PART C
PROJECT PROPOSAL
C.1.
GATEWAY PROJECT
MATERIALISATION
‘ A MATERIALISATION OF FORM, USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TO IDENTIFY WYNDHAM’S ASPIRATION OF PLACE & GROWTH.’ DESIGN COCEPT From the past two assignments, the Sectioning has many potential capabilities to express our design ideas. Our main design concept is the materialization of form that leads to provide some sense of materialization of place and growth which is Wyndham’s aspirations. The materialization means in my word to specify the future image of city’s desire in this case. Gateway must reflect this idea, materialization, to illustrate what the small and developing city wants to be, can be and will be.
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DESIGN CONCEPT
OLD
NEW
TYPICAL
INNOVATIVE
PAST
FUTURE
NONE
LANDMARK
DEMATERIALISATION
MATERIALISATION
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C.1.
GATEWAY PROJECT DEMATERIALISTION TO MATERIALISATION For our proposal of Wyndnam Gateway, We decided to reflect 6 design intentions, which are ‘Alignment’, Motion & Dynamism’, ‘Form & Void’, ‘Path Perception’, ‘Marker’, and ‘Light and Shade’. These design intention will lead our design of gateway. To satisfy our design intention, we used the parametric design techniques we found out from the past two assignments such as Image mapping, curve path, spacing, louvering, and changing height. Further more, we developed design technique, ‘Rotation’, in grasshopper to support our design and more eyechatching sculpture.
STRAIGHT TO CURVE PATH : DYNAMISM
ALIGNMENT IMAGE MAPPING: VISUAL PERCEPTION
STRAIGHT TO CURVE PATH : DYNAMISM
ROTATION
MOTION & DYNAMISM
SPACING BETWEEN PANELS : SOLID AND VOID EXPERIENCE
LOUVER SYSTEM : VISUAL CONTROL
FORM & VOID 59
DESIGN INTENTION
IMAGE MAPPING: VISUAL PERCEPTION
ROTATION
PATH PERCEPTION
HEIGHT : MARKER WITHIN LANDSCAPE
MARKER & LITERAL GATEWAY
LIGHT & SHADE 60
C.1.
GATEWAY PROJECT
THE PROCESS OF THE FORM FINDING AND THE LOCATION OF LITERAL GATEWAY WYNDHAM
MELBOURNE
GEELONG
The designs alignment responds to specific points of reference in the broader Victorian context, taking the town halls from both Wyndham’s major points of reference, Geelong and Melbourne, to orient the gateways position on site. We refered to this line to create the curve line where panels are placed. ALIGNMENT 61
DESIGN INTENTION IMAGE MAPPING ON THE SIDE, ROTATION OF PANELS AND PLACING ON THE CURVE LINES
ROTATION: MOTION
FURTHER TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
MATRIX OF ROTATION: PLAN VIEW
IMAGE MAPPING: VISUAL PERCEPTION
STRAIGHT TO CURVE PATH : DYNAMISM
To show the change of image better when people drive by, we decided to rotate the panels from the start of experiencing sculpture to end of it. Every panels will have certain angles. Throught the experiments, we found out the 180 degree rotation of whole model will result best outcome for people’s experience of this parametric sculpture.
MATRIX OF ROTATION: EAST ELEVATION
Motion is created through a rotation of form across the path, the exponential spacing of panels across the path and the interaction of two forms on one sinuous surface, showing movement and materialisation to a central point, the gateway. MOTION & DYNAMISM 62
C.1.
GATEWAY PROJECT
SPCING AND LOUVERING FOR THE REFLACTION OF DESIGN CONCEPT, MATERIALISATION AND, EXPERIENCE OF SPEED
SPACING BETWEEN PANELS : SOLID AND VOID EXPERIENCE
LOUVER SYSTEM : VISUAL CONTROL
FORM & VOID 63
The major experience of speed will be generated by form and void concept. Spacing between panels will be narrower (high density of panels) while passing by and, this provides the experience of speed for drivers. Secondly, the louvering will be used to give some sense of materialisation and dematerialisation of the sculpture.
DESIGN INTENTION
IMAGE MAPPING: VISUAL PERCEPTION
SINUOUS AND INNOVATIVE FORM
SOLID STRAIGHT AND TYPICAL FORM ROTATION OF PANELS
Perceptions of the form vary due to your approach from the 3 different roads. The design shows a play between sinuous and typical, ephemeral and solid. From Geelong to Wyndham, people will see entire structure, then experience and understand the meaning of sculpture. The road from Geelong to Melbouren, drivers will experience the sculpture more directly and closely. When people go to Geelong to Melbouren, solid straight form will experience them typical Gateway.
PATH PERCEPTION 64
C.1.
GATEWAY PROJECT
HEIGHT : MARKER WITHIN LANDSCAPE
INTERACTION WITH 3 ROADS
JUXTAPOSE PLANAR LANDSCAPE
LITERAL GATEWAY
Using height as a marker to juxtapose the planar landscape we are creating a sense of monumentality, that demonstrates Wyndham’s growth. This monumentality combined with the alignment of town halls we have created a literal gateway in to the city of Wyndham. The gateway creates an interaction with the users of the site, showing a clear response to the road. MARKER 65
DESIGN INTENTION
SHADES IN DAY TIME & ILLUMINATES AT NIGHT TIME
We have utilised light and shade in the design to emphasise this sense of materialisation towards Wyndham. In the day time, we have used shades of grey polymer sheet that gradually lighten to white as you move towards the gateway, while in the night these become giant light boxes that illuminate variable light due to the shading of the panels. LIGHT & SHADE 66
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FINAL MODEL DURING DAY TIME
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FINAL MODEL DURING NIGHT TIME
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C.2.
GATEWAY PROJECT
5
4
3
2
1
1 Stretched Polymer Sheet 2 Aluminium Fixing Channel 3 Structural Steel Profile
STEP 01 Stretched polymer sheet connects to aluminium fixing channel both side
4 Fixing plate 5 Precast or in-situ (if required) Reinforced Concrete Colum 71
TECTONIC ELEMENTS
SECTION
STEP 02 Aluminium fixing channel connects to steel profile
STEP 03 After finish installation of light inside, Steel profile is fixed on to concrete colum with fixing plateW
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C.2 GATEWAY PROJECT: DETAIL MODEL Detail model clearly shows one of the our design intention which is ‘Light and shade’. Every panels have different levels of shades on purpose in order to present the design concept. At night each penel will be large light boxes and illuminated. According to this, every panels will be shown and keep showing the design concept all time.
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C.3.
FINAL MODEL
The Wyndham Gateway will be situated in the middle of the 3 different roads. This sculptural gateway will be shown in any perspectives and all the drivers who passe by will experience this innovative parametric design sculpture. The strongest point of our proposal is that this monumental structure will be eye catching and insist the iconic image to people. People will memorize this and recognize they are heading to Wyndham city and passing through the growing city.
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SITE PLAN
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C.3.FINAL MODEL: FABRICATION
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C.3. FINAL MODEL: FABRICATION
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C.3. FINAL MODEL: FABRICATION
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C.3. FINAL MODEL: FABRICATION
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C.5. LEARNING OUTCOME
After final presentation, the key concern was miscommunication between juries and presenter. The term, materialisation which is key concept of our project, was interpreted in different way from our intention throughout the whole presentation. In this process the communication between client and presenter was weakened. I guess we should have shown some diagram to fully explain our design concept. We recognized the choice of term is also very important to present our project in right direction. It will be more required in real architectural field when we propose new design to client and community. This should be improved and considered in the listener’s perspective. Through this studio course, the best thing I gained is, firstly, the recognition of parametric design. At the beginning of this course, I did not really know what parametric design is and the advantage of computational design. It was very confusing to me and I thought that parametric design is one of new styles in architectural field, thus, at the end of this course, I could achieve the knowledge of parametric design, and have known greatness of parametric design. The Air studio was a new challenge. This subject has introduced us new way of designing which we need to learn as future generation in architectural field. The one of the parametric modelling tools, grasshopper, provides us to design from simply line to complex forms so easily and time-efficiently. We are able to design complex form in short-time by building up the algorithmic definition in grasshopper. Also, utilising input data, parameters, creates many new designs quickly. In addition, fabrication is really easy through the simple process such as using 3D printer and laser cut machine. So we can bring what we create in digital to reality with simple steps. I will definitely use these skills for the future design projects and I think this is what I need to make myself improve for my future career because technology always leads us to face new world. According to this, learning and using the parametric design and modelling are inevitable for future generation of architecture.
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Thanks for reading my Journal also, Special thank to my group mates, Toby and James.
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