Continuity by Häli-Ann Tooms

CONTINUITY

A strategy for urban transformation

30 credits master thesis Written and edited by HĂ¤li-Ann Tooms (LAK08012) and Janka Emese Paulovics (LAK090499), in the Department of Forest and Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen. With supervision of Gertrud JĂ¸rgensen. Professor, Head of Division Urban & Landscape Studies June, 2010

Foreword

This 30-credits thesis is our final project in landscape architecture Master’s programme in Department of Forest and Landscape, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen. The chosen topic comes from our common interest in working with post-industrial, complex city sites and in finding new ways to solve functional, aesthetic, historical and social problems in an urban context. We would like to thank everybody who helped us along the way. Thank you, Ellen Braae and Mads Farsø, for giving good advice to develop ideas. Also, many thanks, to all our professors for improving our knowledge with useful advice. Thank you, Vibeke Troensegaard, project manager, from Køge Kyst who took her time for an excursion and shared the stories of the project area. And, most importantly, thank you, Gertrud Jørgensen, our supervisor and professor who supported our thesis to became reality.

Häli-Ann Tooms

Janka Emese Paulovics 3

Contents Abstract Chapter Outlines Chapter 1 11 15 16 18 20 25 26 29

introduction Background The context Over the tracks The coastline Intervention area Aim & problem formulation Theory Methodology overview

Chapter 2 analysis 33 First Impression City 39 Citizenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s City 47 Official City Chapter 3 53

concpt Concept formulation

Chapter 4 57 61 65 69 70 72 79 80 94

design Existing potentials Traffic Area division Urban spaces Masterplan M 1:2500 Section M 1:1000 Zoom in area Site plan and section M 1:500 Perspectives Bibliography Appendixes

abstract

The basis of the thesis is to obtain new urban development in the industrial harbour site of KĂ¸ge, Denmark. The municipality has for many years a vision of turning SĂ¸ndre Havn into a cultural harbour and as a result they held in 2009 an international idea competition. The main purpose was to develop the central area of the harbour into a cluster of residential, cultural and commercial premises. These preconditions were also the groundsets for our thesis formulation. Our project re-uses and re-news the unique qualities of the existing old town whilst developing them to the industrial harbour site. We aim to connect the dense inner town with the re-developing harbour and design a new area with various of cultural institutions, offices, recreational areas and residents with the purpose of generating urban life. The answer is found in an analysis of the town and the harbour site, use of modelling, sketching and field trips

chapter outlines

Chapter 1 - Introduction This chapter gives a brief introduction to KĂ¸ge town from the 17th century to the present day. Historical and existing conditions of the harbour site are discussed. Moving towards the work definition, aims of the thesis and problem formulation is made and overview of the used methodology is represented. Furthermore the theoretical focus - sensory urbanism - is discussed together with the key theorists. The evaluation of our interpretation is presented in order to explain the later process of the work. Chapter 2 - Analysis The chapter outlines the three methods we used for the analysis that aids an understanding of the contemporary city. That is to say: First Impression City, our interpretation of KĂ¸ge after the first visit; Citizenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s city, based on street interviews with the citizens and Official city, the vision of the municipality. Through these three examinations, different layers of the city are peeled off and used for concept formulation. Chapter 3 - Concept Framework of the project is constructed. Key relationship between the project and surrounding areas are revealed. Chapter 4 - Design Proposal The masterplan 1:2500, the zoom in map 1:500 together with visualisations and sections are represented. Speculations about the design proposal are outlined with references. The original aims and problems are reviewed and final conclusions drawn.

chapter 1 Introduction

Copenhagen

highway

w tor

mo ay

lw rai

KĂ¸ge

Figure 1. Connections between KĂ¸ge and Copenhagen and their municipal areas

BACKGROUND

During the last 15-20 years many former ports in Denmark have lost their functions as fishing- or industry harbours. They are mostly seen as possible places for housing and business development but the tendency is towards creative cultural harbour development. Good examples of cultural harbours where housing is mixed with activities are the harbour park in Islands Brygge and the public swimming pool in Kastrup. The destination of our thesis is Køge. It is a seaport and a town in Køge Municipality, Region Sjælland, Denmark. It is located about 39 km southwest of Copenhagen at the end of the S-train system and is known for its well-preserved medieval old town centre. Køge’s port covers 35 hectares. It is the biggest port in Sjælland and the eighth largest in Denmark - “in terms of goods turnover by weight” (Køge Havn, 2010). The town has a good connection to both rail- and motorway (Figure 1), as well as good facilities. Working factories, a number of companies as well as restaurants, cafes and bars make it an active port. > Since the mid-1990’s the municipality of Køge has followed a conscious strategy to develop an active commercial harbour. In 2008 a Culture Plan (Figure 2) was established - a catalog of ideas and a plan for the new large urban development area (Figure 3) of how culture in the broadest sense contributes to an urban development. As a part of the Culture Plan the municipality of Køge and development company Realdania Arealudvikling made a partnership called Køge Kyst and in the end of 2009 they held a worldwide idea competition to generate new functions and new interrelationships in Køge harbour sites. The main purpose of the competition was to create the urban development project that includes variety residences, commercial facilities, cultural institutions and shops (Køge Kyst, 2010). The competition is still ongoing and the winners will be announced in August 2010. In the immediate future it is believed that Køge’s position in Denmark will be reinforced appreciably with the implementation of a new possible railway connection between Copenhagen and Ringsted via Køge.

The re-use of post-industrial space for cultural purposes and waterfront developments as well as rehabilitation of harbour seafronts have been a trend in many urban areas in the world. Already from the 50’s the first projects of this kind were implemented with great results; some of the most characteristic examples are the ones of Baltimore, Boston, Rotterdam, London etc.

Figure 2. Cover of Culture Plan “Culture Plan for Søndre Havn and Station Areas in Køge - a strategy for urban life”.

0m 0 0 1

500

INNER CITTY

DEVELOPMENT AREA

Figure 3. The relation between the old town and the new development area according to the Culture Plan

1950

1964

The context

Brief introduction on Køge’s history

Køge was officially founded in 1288 by King Erik VI of Denmark, when it became a market town. The town was laid almost as it looks today - with the characteristic square situated in the centre and with the streets sourced from each corner (Figure 6). Throughout the ages its position by the Baltic Sea has been of great importance. During the great fire of 1633 and the wars between Denmark and Sweden (1643-1720) some of the old houses were destroyed. In 1807 the town and its surroundings were the scene between British and Danish troops (Engqvist, 1985). The town was rebuilt in 1865. The inner part is intact and despite the fire and the wars most of the houses are present from that time. It has withstood over time and history can be seen in its highly regarded buildings. Køge remained a small town until the late 19th century, when industrial development and population growth began (Køge Miniby, 2010). < industrialisation In the beginning of the 20th century the town was influenced by technical innovations. Køge started to grew rapidly, the population doubled and the town broke its physical borders. In the 1950’s the traffic became an issue and there were problems finding areas to build on (Engqvist, 1985). > From 1850 til the end of World War I train tracks were laid down in Denmark, which meant new connections were forged between cities, creating new jobs and trade. In the 1960’s Køge turned into a part of Denmark’s Fingerplan (Figure 7), that described the town’s development in direction with the S-train line. The construction ended in 1983, meaning that Køge became an integral part of the metropolitan area at the end of the Køge finger in the regional plan and a well-developed transport nexus for road traffic (Køge Kyst, 2010).

Figure 6. Map from 1859. It shows the characteristic of town square in the center and the four main streets Vestergade, North Street, Nyportstræde and Brogade.

Køge Figure 7. Fingerplan of Copenhagen (1947/2007)

Figure 4. View on Køge town square Figure 5. Køge Railway Station 15

over the tracks

The port got established in the same time when Køge town, in 1288. In between the 17th century Køge’s great location on the danish sea meant that it became significant as a military and commercial port.

1885

1921

1934

1960 >

Figure 8-11. Development of the harbour site

1950

The harbour grew during the 18th and 19th century rapidly, creating possibilities for more ships to dock. This also enabled it to be used for various recreational purposes. The town was connected with the harbour by Køge river that gave possibilities for small boats and ferries to run from the city to the harbour . Since the mid-1850’s, the harbour has been home to a public swimming pool, and the beach has been the setting for swimming in the summer. A part of the area has been used as a campsite since the middle of the 1950’s (Køge Kyst, 2010). < Søndre beach, originally a marshland, was a favoured destination for Køge citizens. For many years the seaside was hardly accessible but around 1906 the establishment of the bridge between the town and the entrance of the port improved the area’s attainability (Engqvist, 1985). In the 1920’s the adjacent industry extended nearby. Since the noise and dust got closer, the beach became less and less attractive to the public.

Figure 12. Søndre beach 17

the coastline

1931 >

1892

The development of the harbour has been taking place since the 19th century. In the past it used to lie further inland but when the town started to grow, it was given new functions and extended further into the sea (Figures 13-16). Today in terms of industrial policy, great importance is still attached to support the harbour and the transport centre. In the future, it will be expanded by 40 hectares - within about five years (Bahrenscheer, et al. 2009). This enlargement will include the establishment of a competely new land-based area for industrial purposes. Søndre beach will also be filled with sand creating substantial recreational value. > Today the land is utilised dynamically. It is mainly used for storehouses and land-lease properties. These parts are leased for long-term. The regulation in the contract says when the areas are to be delivered, the land must be free from building, contamination etc (Køge Kyst, 2010). There are different recreational activities taking place like canoeing, rowing and kayaking, winter swimming with long history behind.

2007

Figure 17. Kayaking in Køge Figure 18. Søndre Havn and kayaking club

2004

2015 Figures 13-16. Development of the coastline

2010

intervention area

Introduction to Søndre Havn

built environment Søndre Havn today occupies the biggest part of the functioning port. In mid-term (8-10 years) the area transforms into various types of residences, working spaces, cultural institutions in order to establish a vibrant urban life. An essential point of the transformation concerns the existing buildings and the spaces which can be formed and used for new purposes but should maintain the port’s development history. For that a report entitled “Analysis of architectural values and cultural historical traces in the development areas” was published earlier this year (Dansk Bygningsarv, 2010). It registers and identifies conservation-worthy individual buildings and elements.

The existing cultural activities proposed to be kept are: Køge Rowing Club, Køge Kano & Kajak Cub, Valkyriet (Winterbathing) Club and Tapperiet (Culture House for Youngsters). New institutions - like the new culture house and cinema - are planned to be built in the area. The most characteristic industrial buildings and elements (pipes, tracks) will be preserved and given a new function, based on the qualities what already exist. We intend to use these potentials in the further work.

Køge Rowing Club

Tapperiet

Køge Kano & Kajak Club, Valkyriet

Preserved buildings

Riverside

Potential extension Potential extension Beach

green infrastructure Soon many of the working factories will shut down. This will arise new opportunities to extend Køge’s existing green infrastructure. With the redevelopment of the site the connection between the existing green spaces turns into an important issue. infrastructure To date the road system between Søndre Havn and the inner town supplies car traffic the most. Due to the working industry the traffic is busy and the roads are used for trucks and heavy vehicles. As a result of this the pedestrian and cylist infrastructure disappears before it could reach the area. In order to bring people down to the harbour we consider it essential to focus on the establishment of new pedestrian and bicycle connections. The primary connection between the harbour and the old town goes over the railway. To enter the area one has to cross a bridge that is meant for vehicles and pedestrians. Further up north, at the railway station a pedestrian tunnel connects the harbour to the town. These connections are not convenient and thus they need future innovation both functionally and visually.

Pedestrian tunnel

Cross over the railway Bridge

Figure 19. Dust, noise and living beings Since the mid-1990s, the Municipality of KĂ¸ge has followed a conscious strategy to develop an active commercial harbour. Today it is believed that over the next few years the port will expand for about 950 million kr in 40 hectares of land (KĂ¸ge Havn, 2010). 23

aim and problem formulation

The establishment of the train tracks in the 1980’s meant new connections, jobs and trade but on the other hand it caused a considerable north-south barrier through the entire town and as a result the latter has turned its back to the sea. The tracks are obsrtucting the access from one side to the other and the missing linkage abates the number of visitors in the harbour area. The town has many various urban spaces with different qualities. To reconnect the old part and the development areas we see possibilities to spread out these existing qualities. Our work attempts to set up vibrant urban life in the harbour site. In order to extendthe experience and identity that origins from the extant town, we need to look at the exisiting distinctivenesses. We question; How to prolong the qualities of the historical old town to the waterfront? How to make a cohesion in between them?

Figure 20. Railway tracks as a barrier between town and harbour aim The aim is to extend the qualities of the old town - to make the “exsiting” and the “new” coherent so they are equally important, belong and are connected to each other. We venture to find out how urban planners and landscape architects can contribute on social discipline and accordingly create a concept that considers the existing characteristics. To fulfil our aim we need to find solution for social and physical connection between existing and new by creating platforms for urban life.

theory

“I experience myself in the city, and the city exists through my embodied experience. The city and my body supplement and define each other. I dwell in the city and the city dwells in me” (Juhani Pallasmaa, 2005)

Our aim is not to make just a formal structural proposal for the harbour site in Køge. We believe that buildings, cities and our environment is not only a visual condition. There are multiple dimensions when we experience the city what we as planners could take as the basis when planning cities. We get a lot of information by walking in the street: advertisements, traffic lights, church bells, smell of the fast food, siren of the police car, rusty bicycle passing by. Sometimes our strongest memories are related to a good smell or a nice song because there is more subjective dimension. Our project attemps to reduce the importance of vision. “The atmosphere, character and sensorial qualities are becoming key factors in the definition of a place” (Zardini, 2004). We focus on the urban spaces from the mental aspect more than on a physical one (buildings, constructions, design elements). This idea has lead us to the theory called sensory urbanism. SENSORY as urbanism In the 1960’s architects and city planners started to be interested in how architecture and senses can be combined. The theory of Sensory Urbanism only recently has begun to attract city planning and urbanism. Our perceptions about environment are on two different levels: physical and mental. As Juhani Pallasmaa defined; we collect “outer” experiences that are connected to the physical perceptions like sound, touch, smell and vision (Pallasmaa, 1994). At the same time the perceived information - “inner” experience - creates emotions in us, it means we sense the city in a unique, individual way. Later the positive feelings become memories, what we usually like to re-experience, remember and compare them with the new ones. This “inner” experience which for every human is unique, is the basis for our work. Designing for “one” is impossible and needless in context of the city, but designing in aspect of individual phenomen is essential for identifying ourself in the environment. When we feel comfortable it becomes more appealing and convenient.

Atmosphere - what we work with Terms such as “Environmental character” and “atmosphere” were first introduced by Kevin Lynch to express all the experiences one can have in a place (Lynch, 1960). Architects and city planners design and create spaces but by doing it they also create “atmosphere”, where people act and use all of their senses. “Several surveys and analysis of public spaces and housing draw a result that atmosphere is not only a given physical environment but a process based on the active relationship we have, when we sense the built environment and use all its potentialities” (Lucas, 2008). Generally, the aim is to attract people by the main characters of the town. our aspect As an extension of the old town the existing atmospheres are prolonged towards the development area, meanwhile new connections are built that enable reidentification. We use architecture to lead people through atmospheres and let them experience the surroundings on the way. In the 1960’s Gordon Cullan said that “Continuity is desirable characteristics of cities” (Gordon, 1961) by the means of visuality but as discussed previously, we can re-define it as continuity of atmospheres. “Architecture can encourage people to find new paths, discover new aspects of their city – and of themselves” (Danish Architecture Center, 2010). Working with perceptions takes us closer to the human dimension, where citizens and their everyday life becomes the center of our interest. The importance of human scale, as Jan Gehl already has pointed out, should be the startpoint of planning present day cities (Gehl & Gemzøe, 2004). The priority has to be given for pedestrian-friendly solutions, in terms of built environment and traffic.

methodology overview

Our methods will attempt to search the complexity of Køge. How one gets to know a city, its inhabitans, its buildings and its every day life. To peal off these layers we use three methods for what we have titled as First Impression City, Citizen’s City and Official City. First impression city - we follow Theory of Derivé, that is a technique first introduced by the Situationist International. They were a group of artists, filmmakers, writers and others active mostly in Paris from 1950’s-1970’s and for them being sensitive to space, listening to what the city had to say was very important. Theory of Derivé is a technique used to experience the city by wondering around without a map or clear destination for a certain time. It means that one or more persons during a certain period drop their usual motives for movement and action, their relations, their work and leisure activities, and let themselves be drawn by the attractions of the terrain and the encounters that they find there (Andreotti, 1996). Citizen’s city - we want to involve public in our project. Public spaces are usually perceived as places for crowds but our aim is to find out how individualities think back in their favourite place and how they interpret a meaning to the place. The method we use is making brief interviews with the residents on the streets in the old town. Questionnaire consists of three questions: * What is their favourite place in the town? * Why do they like it? * What do they do there when they visit the place? Official city - we collect background information about the past, present and future of Køge town and harbour. We found out the vision of the municipality for the development areas and interprete it with our ideas. The exact methods are described in Chapter 2.

chapter 2 Analysis

First Impression city Theory of Derivé in practise

Drifting - experiencing - the town for the first was made on Wednesday, 17th of February when we wandered around in the centre of Køge for two hours, from 15.00-17.00. It was cold weather, temperature was minus 20 C and this was one of the reasons why the town was relatively empty and quiet. On the drifting we sketched, took photos and wrote down personal experiences and perceptions of what we thought, saw and felt in Køge. Medieval centre Walking in the centre gave a feeling like going back to the 18th century. The old two-storey half timbered houses in blue, white, yellow and orange colors, with red-tile roofs and narrow cobblestone streets gives the town a medieval fragrance. Some of the houses seem to be crooked, some are very well preserved but they all relate back to the history. A strong line of houses adjoined to each other is very characteristic to Vestergade and Nørregade. It diffuses out of the centre where the houses are more individual, with gardens and for families. Shopping The town is small but compact, unique and attract a lot of people nearby. The shops, cafes, barber’s, antique, florist shops and grocery stores are situated on the first storey in most cases on the shopping street. The two storey buildings make the town lively at the street level. Shop keepers have to gain attention from the people passing by and for that they have either laid out the goods or signs. Drinking fountain as an element to keep people on the street can be also found there.

Recreation The town has three graveyards, a park and a green riverside that make the green part of the city. Lovpark, in the centre of the town, offers sport facilities, it has open fields and some high old trees but during this time of the year it was empty. Køge riverside looked very attractive but it was hard to reach, the right side of the bank is privatised and closed for the public and we could only observe it from the bridge. Culture An interesting characteristic of the town is its doorways that arise interest to check inside. Most of the times they are opened for public and some lovely boutiques or cafes are “hidden” in the cozy inner yards. In the centre, especially around the town square are many cafes which during summer will be probably extended outside. We also went inside KØS- Museum of Art in Public Spaces and Køge Museum to experience the art and culture part of Køge. After the drift we drew our interpretations on a map (Figure 32) that is not just a report of what there is, but it shows how we experienced and felt the city.

Figure 21. Køge medieval town 33

Night drifting At night we went back to the town and drifted for one more hour. We realised that the way we experienced the town in the daylight is different from the way we experienced it during the night. Køge after dusk did not seem so colorful anymore; black, white and grey were more represented and the lighting became the dominant layer. The town is so mysterious in the nighttime, especially as we were there for the first time. In daytime it is cozy and crowded but in the evening when seeing fewer people passing it arises curiosity where they come and where they go. There was not much life, as it was wednesday night and the weather conditions were bad. The air was freezing cold and we could even see our breath. Yet there were people in the station area, either waiting for buses or coming from the train and couple of friends were having their last cigarette in the doorway before leaving home. The lights from the windows gave idea of people being at home and enjoying evening with their families. The city was lit up most around the station area. The lighing was functional but minimal. We perceived that the more lit up areas brought more people together. It again gave much safer feeling than the empty inner city. The light often shifted from the interior of the shops, sometimes making silhouettes on the pavement. During our visit there was a lighting installation in front of Køge Station by GroupDunes and the municipality of Køge which brought more light and sound in the area to those waiting for the bus (LysLyd, 2010). It came clear that the visual part did not have such a strong impact in the nighttime and we could use more other senses for experiencing the environment. Also we can assume that experiencing the city in bad weather condition gives different feeling than in warm summer night. Figure 22. Railway station at night 35

Figures 23.-31. Photos from drifting in KĂ¸ge

Figure 32. Sketch of our experiences in KĂ¸ge 37

Personal

Small,nice feeling

beach

Living nearby

lille Kirkestræde

Barcelona feeling

Next to water

harbour

Nice restaurants Small scale

Good to walk around

Parties

shopping streets

Cozy

riverside

Feels like in bigger city

Nice for eating

Nice and calm

Shows history

mini by

Good exhibitions

good party place

Cozy

Cafe T

køs museum Nice cafe

toldboden

discotheque

Nice to walk around

Cafe O’flanagans Nice outside

Many people Many activities COZY

LIVELY Big square

torvet Open

Nice shops and cafes

åsen fruens mose

cinema

Nature

Movies Cozy

Green

Calm

Kirkestræde Old street

Old buildings Shows traditions

SAFE

Central

nice pub

CAFE MAGIC

Green and nearby

Lovpark

Memories Many people

DVD STORE Many young people

Quiet

H.C Andersensgade

Local people and atmosphere

øko Cafe (Grøne hus) Gathering place Good food

Nice garden

Figure 33. Mentioned areas of social survey. The speechbubbles show all the mentioned areas and its qualities

Citizen’s city The social survey

In the second part of our analysis we made a social survey. Our purpose was to experience different opinions and pictures through citizens’ eyes. We wished to explore urban life from a different dimension, to take a look into a more personal side. To do this we decided to make “short accident stop interviews” on the streets of Køge centre. The questions were aimed to find out citizen’s experiences, and behaviours towards their favourite places in the city. Previously we got some advice from Frank Søndergaard Jensen who is a Senior Researcher at the LIFE Faculty. He is specially focusing on social surveys in his research. He helped to narrow down the questions, the time and the place for a direct and quick survey and to set our limitations as a part of the analysis. He warned us to be aware of the difficulties of public involvment. On the 27th of February we returned to Køge. The prepared forms helped a quick data collection, the printed maps of Køge made precisious interviews where people could point out areas. To include a wide range of age and gender groups our aim was to question a minimum of 50 people. The questions we asked: * What is their favourite place in the city? The purpose was to help us understand how an individual thinks about “place” in the city context; what is the quality and scale where she/he feels good. * Why do they like this place? It’s a story about their preferences and memories - precognition. * What are they doing there? About the opportunities what the place offers. From a planner point of view it can show the weaknesses and missing qualities.

In a manner the weather was a drawback on this saturday. It is a period of the year when rain or snow is unpredictable. Staying outside was not possible for long time. The survey started at 1200 when we divided into two groups consisting of two people each. One group stayed on the main square, the other headed to the shopping street. One hour later, after a short break, we made the secound round. All together four of us asked people from different places in two hours. The weather limited us but not the citizens. The streets were crowded and the town offered outside entertainments (for example the open-air market) in winter too. In downtown Køge, in the town square every wednesday and saturday there is a market. On saturday we had possibility to select sites with different qualities; busy, crowded shopping streets, the popular market area and some calm small streets around. It was a different feeling when we walk along the river side, in open courtyards with lovely shops or maybe ending up in the intermodal interchange (in practice at the main bus station). It was imporant to see these atmospheres of Køge. As the character of the site changed we met different people with different interests and opinions. Every place is unique and attracts different personalities. The English language was also one of our limitation. It was hard to stop people and start a conversation without speaking their mother tongue. It made a barrier and not everyone was willing to answer. The most challenging was with very old or young generations, they often didn’t want to speak english. The result might be chaotic but after bringing order to all the anwers, it shows the most poplular spots in the town. We searched for landmarks, local and turistic spots that attract people in Køge. 39

åsen fruens mose cafe magic

Lovpark

H.C Andersensgade KøS MUSEUM Kirkestræde

lille Kirkestræde

Cafe O’flanagans cafe t

øko cafe torvet

riverside

shopping streets

harbour

beach

mini by

cinema dvd store

toldboden

With mapping the mentioned areas we started to sum up the results. The grayscale layer shows the popularity of the site - how many people mentioned the place. The darker the grey, the more it was mentioned. 54 people pointed out twenty spots in the whole municipal area of Køge. It shows the popular activities and recreational opportunities that are around (Appendix 3). It is obvious that the old town is not the only aesthetic environment, it also offers experiences. Søndre Havn, with its working factories, was not mentioned at all. The restaurants, cafes and bars at the start of the harbour have had regular visitors for a long time. Just few meters away, in Søndre Havn are located mainly factories, offices and is taken over by busy car traffic. All the hidden activities (Køge Rowing Club, Køge Kano & Kajak Cub, Winterbathing Club, Tapperiet Culture House for Youngsters) attract very special interest groups. We think the problem comes from the barrier that the main train fraffic cause. The connection should favour pedestrians so that more people can walk or cycle to the area. For the time being the site doesn’t have public spaces. The streets are wide for only cars and trucks. To invite visitors to Søndre Havn we see the solution in the establishment of an environment for human beings.

diccotheque

1-3 answers 4-8 answers 9-12 answer

Figure 34. Map of mentioned areas 41

Memories Close to home Big Many people in the summertime Eco cafe Local people and athmosphere Gathering place for people who are interested in environment Nice garden Good food and drinks Not inviting

community

Figure 35. Four atmospheres of KĂ¸ge

tapperiet Lovparken kajak club row club city centre Ă¸ko cafe

results

The list above shows Køge’s atmospheres according to the social survey and our interpretation. The combination of the location (See page before) and the citizen’s evaluation together grouped the highlighted areas. The qualities which were mentioned are listed under the pictures. In addition our words - from the First Impression analysis - are attached with grey to the end of the list. These qualities together describe the four main atmospheres of Køge, what we have titled as natural, traditional, metropol and communal.

Shopping street Discotheque

metropol Feels like in a bigger city Eating The only club for young people Partying Crowd - busy street life modern culture urbanism

Åsens Fruens Mose Riverside lovparken beach

nature calm Trees Green Nice old trees outdoor activity Silence Wind shade

Torvet Mini-By City centre Kirkestræde Lille Kirkestræde H.C Andersensgade row club Cozy Central lively Lot of people Beautiful Shows traditions Old buildings Shows the history of the city The athmosphere Open In the summer to have a drink Good to walk around Has nice shops and cafes Different activites, festivals Market Families Personal Quiet area Safe Loud traffic Low houses cobble stones

TRADITION

To lay emphasis on the new development areas we reanalysed the old town. Considering the defined qualities we pointed out areas where natural-, traditional-, metropol or communal atmospheres can be found. The new patterns show the network of identical qualities (Figure 35). This structure of atmospheres provides the basic frame for the concept formulation. Our intention is to develop them further into the new areas. We think the city should keep its unique milieus. We see it is essential to improve what is already existing. Next page shows references of the four atmospheres (Figure 36.-46.) 43

community

nature

TRADITION metropol

Collstrop area Station area

SĂ¸ndre havn

OFFICIAL citY

“The overall vision is to create a unique, attractive and sustainable town district by strenghtening the role of Køge as a centre in the metropolitan area, Zealand and Øresund Region” (Køge Kyst)

In the last part of our analysis we conserned ourselves with the town’s past, present and future. We collected data, maps and photos from Køge Historical Museum and Køge Historical Archive. Based on this material we gave a brief overview about the historical background (See in Chapter 1. Introduction). From the municipality we received the report “Analysis of architectural values and cultural historical traces in the development areas” which we used as a working material (Dansk Bygningsarv, 2010). In order to find out more about the vision of the municipality and the future goals, we met with Vibeke Troensegaard, project manager from Køge Kyst. We had a walk in Søndre Havn where she introduced us the programme of the competition as well as to the harbour site and its history. Køge is growing both as a town and a municipal area. Over the coming 20 years, more than 300,000 m2 of newly built floorspace will be established for residences, office and retail trade premises, cultural activities and public and private service (Køge Kyst, 2010). Køge Kyst will be working over the coming 20 years to develop the central area of the harbour in Køge. In 2009 the company organised a competition for which the objective was a consolidated development plan for the three sub-areas - the Station Area, Søndre Havn and the Collstrop Site . In contrast with the Culture Plan, in the competition Køge Kyst pointed out three development areas instead of one and the connections between them (Figure 47). With the relieve purpose of the planning the sites can develop individually from each other or together as one big site. The vision of Køge Kyst for the three development areas:

Station area: the aim is to create a well functioning intermediate zone. It should be a gateway that plays important role in development of the area. Teaterbygnen is an important building as a landmark between the old town and the industry that should be included in the area. Collstrop area: develop into innovative, modern industrial district with housing and businesses. Søndre havn: to develop it for housing and cultural purposes. It must be taken into account the importance of preserving the most characteristic industrial elements and buildings as it is crucial to keep the impression of the area. Our understanding As it comes out of the competition program, Søndre Havn has strong and characteristic horizontal expansion that talks about industrial past and what will be preserved but vertically it is raw and unfinished. To strenghten the vertical expand we can highlight small, interesting elements, characters and preserve buildings. The conservation of industrial site, addition of new design elements will give a multi sensory experience thus adding vertical value to the site. This new environment of Søndre Havn reflects the character of the old town that creates a strong connection inbetween. Walking from the centre to the harbour will not be only physical experience but also inner (emotional, atmospheric) experience. Figure 47. Køge Kyst competition areas 47

chapter 3 Concept

METROPOL

TRADITION

Railway

COMMUNITY

NATURE

Concept formulation

Substances In order to develop Køge harbour site into a lively urban environment we see it as necessity to create a strong relation with the old town. Creating access for citizens between new and old part will strengthen the coherence of the city and raise the number of visitors in the harbour area.

LOcal athmospheres We see Køge as a self-organised system, a coexistence of unique atmospheres - metropol, tradition, nature and community. To improve what exists these qualities should be used as a basis for the further development. We propose to extend the main atmospheres of Køge like spines which carry the local characters of the town. The development areas will be like the fingers to the hand of the old town. Continuing something that already existis relates the new parts with the old. Realization in Søndre Havn Our concept for Søndre Havn is to establish a communal atmosphere which originates from the medievel center. We imagine a contionuous structure that carries this atmosphere and leads the citizens to the post-industrial waterfont. To create platforms for community life the site will be altered by different human activities and the main street - the spine - encourages movement, sport and play. It becomes a main element of the area which creates a new pedestrian connection between the town and harbour. This new physical and visual connection will attract people to walk around the area. The aim is not just to lead people through Søndre Havn but offer them a pleasant experience on the way. Furthermore, we reduce car traffic and improve the conditions for pedestrians. We believe that the process of limiting traffic congestion and focusing on peopleoriented space is a starting point for attractive and well-used urban space. 53

chapter 4 Design

7 2

1. Tall silo 2. Factory 3. Warehouse 4. White Silo 5. Office and warehouse 6. Silo buildings 7. Rounded silo container 8. Warehouse 9. Row Club 10. Sheds 11. Kano & Kajak Cub 12. Toilet building 13. Former BP- station 14. Warehouse 15. Power station 16. Hall buildings 17. Warehouse

1 2

3 17

5 6

We propose to move the Tapperiet - Culture House for Youngsters to the culture zone

15 16

KĂ¸ge Rowing Club as the start of the nature zone gets a higher emphasis

KĂ¸ge Kano & Kajak Cub, Valkyriet Clib (Winterbathing) are kept in architecural and functional respect

existing potentials

built environment Considering the existing aesthetic environment of SĂ¸ndre Havn the aim is to preserve its industrial character. We focus on buildings and elements that are to be kept such as train tracks, pipes, storage of timber etc (Dansk Bygningsarv, 2010). These static elements are the most characteristic and have the greatest relation to its past. To preserve its past and not let it be forgotten we will protect major structural and sculptural values. We propose to use them for new purposes whilst maintaining its history. The transformation of the site avoids the demolition of existing values. Instead we appreciate them as they are and attempt to re-integrate them in their new environment. Figures 48-57. Preserved buildings 57

Groups of trees

Row of trees

Riverside

Potential extension

Beach

WATERFRONT Even though the town is on the sea, the water has been mainly used by ships and for transportation. The working industry and railway has made a barrier between the old town and the waterfront and thus it is not used as much by citizen’s. We see a potential in turning the town back to the waterfront by providing access to the waterfront and bringing more activities to the area. green infrastructure Two large open green spaces enclose Søndre Havn from the western and southern egdes; The riverside as a green valley runs til the beginning of the harbour and Søndre beach encloses the area from the other side. With the overall concept of the development (Chapter 3 Concept) we propose to connect these existing green spaces. In relation to Søndre Havn we consider these “outside” greens as an important influence of the site transformation. Therefore we extend the green environment up along the coastline. The coast with its beach and smaller green spaces create a relation between water and built environment. In view of natural environment, the new green infrastructure of Søndre Havn supports the open spaces to improve their condition and attraction. To enable a pleasant walk and to sharpen the visual connection for the pedestrian flows we propose to extend the row of trees on the main street. Figures 58-59. Existing green infrastructure 59

traffic

The traffic concept is to make a connection between the town and SĂ¸ndre Havn by giving priority for pedestrian traffic. The connection will be a long slender street that suggests a feeling of movement, encouraging people to pass through to the next space beyond. The street has both visual and physical connection, meaning that the view and the pavement materials lead people there. The concept of Copenhagenization has been implemented. It focuses the city transport on pedestrians and cycling, rather than the car, and the concomitant benefits for street life and the natural environment, are the health and fitness of citizens, and the level of amenity in cities (Copenhagenize.com, 2010). Figure 60. Human traffic 61

Carlsens

waterfront promenade

(SĂ¸ndre Kajgade) new brid

pedestrian ew

nection con

pedestrian are

main street (SĂ¸ndre molevej)

pedestrians

5m car road

3m bike line

grassland

shared traffic area on the main street

5m shared zone 3m bike line pedestrians

main pedestrian flow secondary pedestrian traffic separated bike lines car traffic

People’s flow

irs

sta

ter

a to w

kin

par

beach

Two main flows appear: the main street from the entrace of the area - Carlsensvejalong Søndre Molevej and secondly promenade along the waterfront (Søndre Kajgade). The meeting of Carlsensvej and Søndre Molevej creates a new connection that is accessible only for pedestrians. The street plays a main role as a direct connection from the town centre to the beach. The main street (Søndre Molevej) becomes a shared zone where pedestrians have priority beside cyclists and motorists. Though motorists have access there, it is not convenient for them. The speed limit and pavement materials favors walkers. Over time parking develops underground. The other flow is on Søndre Kajgade which turns into a waterfont promenade where people can get closer to the water and walk along the coastline. The aim to give greater access reintegrates the presence of water in this area. Both flows end up at the waterfront but they offer very different activities and atmospheres. The beach with its calm natural environment, blue and green colors becomes a place for relaxation as it offers long views on the sea and is a pleasure after a long walk. Walking on the promenade leads the visitor just right next to the working harbour where the industrial scenery of smoking chimneys, big moving ships and noise burst upon the view. 63

office culture

nature housing

area division SĂ¸ndre Havn turns into a cultural, office, recreational and housing area that will be integrated with the industrial harbour. Each of these areas will be presented here, respectively. CULTURE Entering the area one arrives in an open space with the most characteristic industrial buildings of the site - the Silo House, the KĂ¸ge Corn and the Brewery. It is a network of public spaces with cinemas, theatres, concert halls, youth house, exhibition halls, cafes and other cultural institutions. It has bigger scale than other zones and this is the most dense area but between the buildings the space devides up for smaller rooms. Each room has its own pupose to strenghten the life of community. One can feel the milieu of the old working industry, touch and see the elements and get the strongest feeling of the past. At the same time the new design elements are leading down the visitors to the end of SĂ¸ndre Havn (more detailed plan about the culture area is presented in the end of this chapter).

Design aspect - respecting the scale and the industrial feeling

Figure 61. Lounge spot

OFFICE This is an area for new working spaces and office buildings. The zone will be distinguished by its new buildings and functions. The retail ground floors of the buildings will be accessible for everyone and a path system will lead the visitors through their passages. The architecture of the buildings favours the structure of the old industry buildings. The rooftops follow the shape and highness of the surrounding industrial buildings.

Mixed land use to create vibrant life in between the working spaces

Figure 62. Qualitative working space 65

recreation The green area will be a continuation of the existing green infrastructure from the beach and meadow areas in the south. The place offers possibilities for physical and healthy outdoor activities, facilities for sports, games as well as for self-organised activities. The green infrastructure floats between the open spaces, neighbourhood yards and creates green spaces where community life takes place. To emphasize the natural processes, in the end of main street will be installed a sea organ - a gathering place and a teaser to come down to the beach - where the power of water and the blow of air make harmonic sounds.

Possibilities for healthy outdoor activities

Figure 63. Touch of nature

HOUSING The pedestrian flows which enter the site make SĂ¸ndre Havn northern part a lively, active and busy area. To create calm and good human habitats we propose to separate the residences from the other active areas. The aim of the area is to create good housing for citizens where low traffic, wide sidewalks and public spaces enhance the community life in between the houses. The design principle places emphasis on the density and the silhouette of the area. The height will be descending from north to south and from the city centre to the beach. Along the main street there will be higher, 4 or 5-storey buildings, mainly apartments with mix use on the ground floor to achieve a dense urban living. That follows medium density with its 2-3-storey courtyard buildings. Finally next to the quiet green areas are low buildings, mainly family or twinhouses with gardens.

Creating community life between the dwellings

Figure 64. Streets for people 67

1-2 13

16 14

15 10 11

urban spaces The movement through spaces is rapidily flowing and is accompanied by detours and events along the way. The plan provides various types of gathering places and different kind of activities that will enhance the community life in the area. These spaces vary from small neighbourhood courtyards to bigger recreational parks and squares. It will be a place where people can seek out wide-open, liberated spaces but also smaller intimate areas. The Promenade (1) along the coast provides safe and attractive corridor for pedestrians and cyclists. It is much more than a footpath and cycleway, it’s a route where several nodes connect and act as destination point which offers opportunities for recreation and entertainment. Handcars (2) are installed here on the existing train tracks. Reusing the structure and rethinking the function of the tracks enhances the sense of the history. Continuing towards the coast the view runs into an old rounded silo that we suggest to re-use as a public swimming pool (3). The aim by turning this old water silo into a swimming pool is to preserve its relation to water and give a new identity in its industrial look. Next to the pool is an open grass field (4) for self-organised activities, outdoor pleasures like sunbathing, barbequing, playing frisbie, having picnic etc. On the right after the field and the pool the existing Row Club (5) is located. We propose to keep the club as it is. This popular hobby which brings people to the area has a long history. Where the main street and the promenade are the closest to each there are open sportfields (6) that offer active outdoor opportunities.

At the end of the promenade there are stairs (7) providing shoreline access to the waterfront. The place lets people enjoy the industrial town of Køge and brings them closer together. On the other side there is a dense green recreational (8) area enclosed by the main street. It originally functioned as an embankment but we would like to turn it into a green oasis with high windshading vegetation and a path system which leads the visitor through it. Few parts of this path hang out from the trees as balconies over the other side where the scenery of the sea and Kajak Club (9) lays. The club and the winterbath are kept on the shore. Right next to them ends the main street in a sea organ (10). It is a natural instrument which plays music with waves and wind of the sea. From the organ the sandy beach (11) starts along the coast. Back in the office area the main ways throught the buildings are turned into passages (12). The retails on the ground floor bring life in the working zone. In between these offices and the main silo house a temporary market (13) takes place. It brings people from every zone and completes its shopping facilities. The forum (14) - the most prominent part of the continuous open space - is where past meets the future. New and re-used elements of the industrial time stop the visitors and tell the story of Søndre Havn. Close to the entrance of Søndre Havn but still on a calm corner a local atmosphere dominates (15). At the entrance bars, cafeterias and restauransts (16) welcome the visitors. Figure 65. Activities 69

masterplan M 1:2500

Our intention is to extend the existing communal values from the inner town of the harbour site while the industrial atmosphere is kept. The redevelopment of Søndre Havn gives opportunities to establish new communal values. The aim is to incorporate this idea while respecting the existing environment- both the built and the natural. The overall idea is to create platforms for community life in Søndre Havn, where different cultural, recreational and outdoor opportunities are stitched to the main street. Not only activities, but architectural solutions lead the visitor’s view from the old town to the post-industrial harbour site. To bring the communal life to Søndre Havn the design strategy has emphasis on human-scale spaces. All the culture, office, recreation and housing zones create rooms for vibrant urban life. It means interaction between people, functions and buildings not only inside but outside too. Furthermore, we reduce car traffic to improve the conditions for pedestrians. To arise the amount of public spaces and the urban quality, the area hosts residences, working and open spaces for community-based society. By opening up the harbour site for the citizens we belive that the site will become a well-integrated lively neighbourhood of Køge.

A existing buildings proposed buildings main pedestrian street pedestrian area passages proposed street system parking green space planted trees sportfields preserved traintracks

section M 1:1000

The post-industrial harbour site consists of buildings with various scale. The most highest is the white Silo building, approximately 21 m high. It is also the most characteristic of the site.The scale of the old buildings and the silhouette of the area gave the framework for our design strategy. The built environment will decrease from the entrance of the area to the eastsouthern boarders. In order to preserve the industrial buildings and protect the most characteristic areas from risk of being developed, the new buildings should honor the highness of the existing ones. The landscape is becoming more green and at the same time the density of the buildings is going to be rarefied. New functions are given to the existing buildings. There will be new cultural institutions, like culture house, museum, cinema, concert hall, galleries, as well as retails like offices and shops but also local food store and a bakery. For tourists and visitors from longer distance, there is a hostel.

silo house promenade

section a-a

forum

7 5

14 13

1. Nightclub 2. Culture House for youngsters 3. Sondre Havn museum 4. Forum (restaurants, cinema, concerts enc) 5. Local grocery 6. Local bakery 7. Rounded swimming pool 8. Row Club 9. Kano & Kajak Cub 10. Sports facilities 11. Youth hostel 12. Gallery 13. Municipality event hall 14. Culture house for older people

The sketch shows buildings that higher than three storeys. The highest building is the white Silo, approximately 21 m high.

housing

open courtyard

8 11

New functions

individual family houses

zoom in area Public spaces around the Silo

We have chosen to zoom in on the culture zone to show the public spaces around the Silo. As this building is the most characteristic in the site, located just next to the entrance of the area and in the middle of the two pedestrian flows, we see it as the main spot, the forum which links together people, functions and the surrounding areas. To make the culture zone a destination itself and not just a transition zone, the place accomodates elements that invite people to pause for a moment and use their imagination. It offers various spaces and activities that create platforms for community life. To integrate the Silo, we open the building up to the public space with different activities that take place around, on top of it and inside, that would define different use of outdoor spaces. The communal space will be alive with activity of people of various ages, playing, talking, flirting, people-watching, just passing through, or enjoying time alone but in the company of others.

site plan and section m 1:500

glass facade

rooftop garden

forum

climbers

hall

promenade

section b-b

rooftop garden

look out point

elevator

cinema market tables

section c-c

moving walls

hall

cafe

hand-cars on train tracks

promenade

moving walls market tables

cinema

cafe

hall

rooftop garden and look out point elevator glass facade climbers museum of sĂ¸ndre havn

platforms for sitting

wet area

local shops

forum wooden planks concrete path

pipe as lightening body

South

surfaces As the priority in this area has been given to pedestrians, the idea is to use pedestrian-friendly materials, to lead peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s view and make the motorists aware of the presence of pedestrians. The surface is changing between wood and concrete and is complemented by simple wooden platforms to sit on. The main pedestrian street is made of grey concrete that is calm and easy to walk on. The hard concrete material reflects back to the story of the industrial port where it had been used for building and surface materials before. In contrast wooden planks are used to define community spaces and paths. They origin from a company that today produces timber in the area. The soft wood material looks back to the industrial past but also to the medieval town centre where it has been widely used on the facades of the houses. Rust as a material is used on small design elements to draw attention to passing time. facade The Silo House still dominates in this area and references back to the industrial history but the old structure gains a new identity with new glass wrapper. At the moment this side is the back of the building but we want to make it the main side and create the main entrance there. Instead of thinking of the empty monumental facade as something to destroy we see here a beneficial to turn it into ideal feature and frame its superiority. The exterior of the building would have a glass shell that consists of an all glass curtain wall system with a combination of transparent and translucent glass panels. Through the glass original facade will be still visible but it covers the old facade in a half-hidden layer. This mysterious view invites people to come closer and explore the building and its surrounding. On the edge of the roof, the glass facade compounds the tower and the lower roof, giving a visual effect that the they are on same level. This extension creates higher walls with a windshaded balcony. On the rooftop new amenities are added- such as lookout point and rooftop garden. Giving access on the rooftop enlarges the experience of the area and gives possibilities for people to interact with the building.

Figure 66. Proposed surface

Figure 67. Curtains

wet area There is an area that is temporally wet, it is covered in water few times a day. Sometimes it is possible to pass this area with dry feet, sometimes the area is wet. In hot summer days people can play in the water. Platforms, as islands, are provided for sitting and lying down. The waterbody has a reflection that produces a new motion for what would otherwise be a very static area. The effect will be surprising and unexpected where the actual and reflected surroundings meet. vegetation Vegetation by the means of climbers are planted in the area. A thin network of steel cables are drawn from the ground to the facade for the vines to grow up. The vertical planting creates a canopy above when being underneath and draws attention to the rooftop where is a rooftop garden. The climbing vines create more intime rooms, offer shelter and make this area colorful throughout the seasons. On the roof of Silo is a garden that becomes a spot of green on top of the building. The garden, with different kind of vegetation of altering height, colors and foliages creates a new sense of the place. The plantation requires a low level of maintenance and consists of both evergreen and seasonal blossoming flora. The glass shell gives windshade and people can relax, stroll through the vegetation and enjoy the long views on the old town, beach, industry and SĂ¸ndre Havn.

North Small dynamic space where the activities from Silo can be extended outdoors. It is an area where the promenade goes through to the recreational area and has the direct connection between the building and the water. To make the movement faster and the promenade more attractive the train tracks are preserved and on the tracks are installed handcars. As a form of entertainment along the promenade this transport is light and hand powered. It can transport many people in the same time. 87

West

re-used train tracks In the western part of the Silo the industrial railway tracks are kept. Suddenly they change into a horizontal position and turn into an elevator that takes people up to the rooftop where there is a lookout point and a rooftop garden. Around the facade the restaurant can extend themselves outdoors.

East movable walls On the eastern facade of Silo are installed movable walls that are extensions of the the facade of the building. The outcoming walls bring indoor performances and happenings outdoors. In the evening the walls act as lightening bodies their graphic which imitates the silhouette of the area becomes even more visible. raised market tables Just right by the walls there is a transformation zone where there are tables that can be elevated from the ground. The place can be used for events such as markets, meetings, performance or for public use - having lunch, bbq enc. 89

Lighting Lighting principle is simple but mysterious and reveals in the most suprising places to shape the experience of space and architecture.The lighting creates atmosphere and tells a story of the magnificent landscape, structures, colours and materials while one passes the area in darkness. The settings invite people to play and explore but also give a feeling of security. pipe Existing pipes are talking strongly about the industrial past and have a new function as lightening bodies. They not only light up spaces but visually lead people along the main street. The height varies, sometimes itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s higher, sometimes almost along with the ground. The distance from the ground depends on the size of the area that it has to cover. In smaller spaces the pipe is closer to the ground than in bigger spaces. facade Behind Siloâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s glass facade lightening bodies are installed that highlight its volume and monumental architecture as well as its architectural materials and detailing. At the night, due to a special facade and lights, the whole building comes visible. movable walls The contours of the movable walls in the eastern facade of Silo have decorative lights inside. The silhouette of the town is drawn out and reflected on the ground. These lighting components interact and give an intimate feeling of space. 91

perspectives

Søndre Havn will through the radical transformation of the space become an ever-changing and aesthetical harbour that provides the estate with a refreshing visual and vital identity. In order to make Søndre Havn a lively neighborhood we propose to turn it into public space where people live, work, play and shop. The site will become an elemental part of people’s daily lives. The proposal enhance a sense of cohension, enables a range of new activities and creates an ideal habitat for community-based society for citizens in all ages. The teamwork was a catalyst for development of the project and went through flexible and instructive planning process. It has been compelling to go through the process and to create a well integrated plan. During the development of the project we searched the context of a site and looked at the potentials not only from the design point of view but also from a programmatic and technical angle. We focused on existing strenghts that can be used for further solutions of the development. The historical milieu of Køge attracted and inspired us to start working with atmospheres. This common interest led us to a very young theory called sensory urbanism. The philosophy was compelling but we found it hard to realize. Although for the concept formulation it was very helpful, applying it to design raised difficulties. We gave a practical meaning to this theory by drifting and engaging individuals. Our own interpretation of the city was benefical and easy realisable part of the analysis in contrast to the social survey. With the practice of public involvement, we attempted to get to know the city through the citizen’s eyes. The survey was time consuming and we didn’t have enough knowledge to use the collected data. Therefore, it is not comprehensive survey but it is still completive enough to give an impression. Refering to the previous engagement with sensory urbanism we did not regard the official information until we worked out the citizen’s and our own interpretations of the town.

All this prework was done in order to shape a clear and strong concept. To create an innovative and creative programme for the site, we made a healthy balance between analysis and concept. At the end of this exploration, a better understanding of local conditions, tradition and technical possibilities lead us to the final solution. The proposal can be debatable, but it is the objective of this thesis to make the best possible compromise between methodology, analyses and design. The design is site specific as it works with the context, the character and history of KĂ¸ge. It has been challenging to generate dynamic programme that always offers new urban experiences. It respects the past but will always fulfil the enjoyment of urban life. SĂ¸ndre Havn and the surrounding areas might develop in the future but the flexible strategy will allow the continuation.

bibliography

references

books, journals and reports Andreotti, Libero (Ed.:), Costa, Xavier (Ed.:), Theory of the Derivé and other Situationist writings on the city, (Museu D’Art Contemporani de Barcelona, MACBA, Barcelona), 1996. Bahrenscheer, Mette Glarborg; Iversen, Kirstine; Frank, Peer; Frost-Møller, Peter; Brug havnen - Industrihavnens kulturarv (Kulturarvsstyrelsen, P. J. Schmidt, København), 2009. Dansk Bygningsarv, Analyse af arkitektoniske værdier og kulturhistoriske spor, (Dansk Bygningsarv, København), 2010. Cullen, Gordon, The Concise Townscape, (Buttrworth- Hinemann, Oxford), 1960, p.16. Engqvist, Hans Henrik, et. al., Køge bys historie. 1288-1988, (Køge Kommune, Køge) 1985. Gehl, Jan; Gemzøe Lars, Public Spaces- Public Life. Copenhagen, (Arkitektens Forlag / Danish Architectural Press, København), 2004. Holl, Steven; Pallasmaa, Juhani; Perez-Gomez, Alberto, Question of Perception: Phenomenology of Architecture, Pallasmaa, Juhani; Architecture of the Seven Senses, (A+U Publishing, Tokyo) 1994. Lynch, Kevin, The Image of the City, (The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts), 1960. Pallasmaa, Juhani, The Eyes of the Skin. Architecture and the Senses, (Chichester: Academy Edition’s, London), 2005. Zardini, Mirko, Sense of the City- An alternative approach to urbanism, (Lars Müller Publishers, Baden) 2005. Lucas, Ray; Mair, Gordon (Ed.), Sensory Urbanism Proceedings, Chelkoff, Grégoire, Ambience Formers in Built Environment: An Experimentation with Sound and Motion, (University of Strathclyde, Glasgow), 2008. pp. 38-46

Websites Copenhagenize.com, http://www.copenhagenize.com/2009/12/copenhagenjan-gehl-and-contested.html [Accessed 17th of June 2010] Danish Architecture Centre, http://english.dac.dk/visArtikel.uk.asp?artikelID=6 182&soegningID=84225&ord=mind%20your%20behaviour [Accessed 10th of April, 2010] Kulturministeriet, http://kulturkanon.kum.dk/en/Architecture/The-Finger-Plan/ [Accessed 18th of June, 2010] Køge Havn, http://www.koegehavn.dk/_koege-en-GB [Accessed 27th of March 2010] Køge Havn, http://www.stc-koege.dk/_koege-da-DK# [Accessed 19th of June 2010] Køge Kyst, http://www.koegekyst.dk/en.aspx [Accessed 17th of June 2010] Køge Mini-by http://koegeminiby.dk/index.php?page=velkommen&hl=en_US [Accessed 27th of March 2010] LysLyd, Urban Space Project www.lyslyd.dk [Accessed 5th of April 2010] Lyslyd,http://www.lyslyd.com/en/urbanspaceprojects0/february2010/ whilewewait/ [Accessed 18th of June, 2010]

illustrations

Figure 1. Connections between Køge and Copenhagen and their municipal areas Figure 2. Cover of Culture Plan. From Køge Kyst Figure 3. The relation between the old town and the new development area according to the Culture Plan Figure 4. View on Køge town square. From Køge Byhistoriske Arkiv Figure 5. Køge railway station. From Køge Byhistoriske Arkiv Figure 6. Map from 1859. From Køge Byhistoriske Arkiv Figure 7. Fingerplan of Copenhagen (1947/2007). From Kulturministeret Figures 8-11. Development of harbour site. From Køge Byhistoriske Arkiv Figure 12. Søndre beach. From Køge Byhistoriske Arkiv Figures 13-16. Development of the coastline Figure 17. Kayaking in Køge. From flickr.com Figure 18. Søndre Havn ank Kajak Club. Figure 19. Dust, noise and living beings. From Køge Kyst Figure 20. Railway tracks as a barrier between town and harbour. From Køge Kyst Figure 21. Køge medieval town Figure 22. Railway station at night Figure 23-31. Photos from drifting in Køge Figure 32. Sketch of our experiences in Køge Figure 33. Mentioned areas of social survey Figure 34. Map of mentioned areas Figure 35. Four atmospheres of Køge Figure 36-46. References of four atmospheres. From flickr.com Figure 47. Køge Kyst competition areas. From GoogleEarth and Køge Kyst Figure 48-57. Preserved buildings Figure 58-59. Existing green infrastructure Figure 60. Human traffic. From flickr.com Figure 61. Lounge spot. From flickr.com Figure 62. Qualitative working space. From flickr.com Figure 63. Touch of nature. From flickr.com Figure 64. Street’s for people. From flickr.com Figure 65. Activities. From flickr.com Figure 66. Proposed surface Figure 67. The curtain. From flickr.comt

appendixes

appendix 1

Appendix 1 shows the copy of the questionnaire

appendix 2 Appendix 2 shows the raw results of the social survey In total we asked 23 women, 26 men and 5 families. Most of the questioned (23 people) were between 40 to 70 year. From 26 til 39 we met 15 people. AGE

FAVOURITE PLACE

WHY

WHAT THEY DO THERE

M 30

Åsen Fruens Mose

Nature

Recreation / Walking around

F 45

Torvet

Lot of people, in the summer have drinks

Buy flowers / Shopping

F 50

Harbour

Restaurants, cozy, not too big, small scale

Drink coffee, eat

F 53

Åsen Fruens Mose

Calm, trees, nature

Walking, sit

M 34

Harbour

Cafes, restaurants. Specially in this season

Eat

F 24

Lovpark

Green, lot of trees

Walk with children

M 14

Cinema

Like movies

Watch movies, hang out with friends

F 55

Harbour

Next to water

Recreation, Walking around

F 40

Mini By

Shows the history of the city

Spend time with family

M 70

Torvet

Old, beautiful and big square

Shopping

F 45

Torvet

Open, different activities, musical festivals in the summertime

Walking around / Shopping

M 49

Torvet

Old buildings

Have a beer in a cafe

M 23

Torvet

Cozy

Walking around / Shopping

M 35

Nørre Boulevard, Cafe Magic

Nice pub

Meet friends, go out with wife

M 70

Church garden

Nice cafe

Summertime have coffee outside

F 40

Torvet

Nice place to sit in summertime

Visit cafes

F 23

Lille Kirkestreade

Nice small street, feels good when passing by, personal

Passing by

Family F/M 45 with kids

Lovparken

Big, many people in summertime

Do sports

F 16

Lovparken

Close to home

Visit with friends/ Summertime

M/F 25-30

Køs Museum for Art

Nice exhibitions/ Cafe

Prefer to go there in wintertime, taking their visitors there

F 23

Torvet, Cafe Vanilla

Friend owns the place

Talk, eat

M 36

Torvet

Shows traditions

Shopping/ Cafes/ Festivals

F 34

Torvet

Lively, lot of people and shops

Shopping

M 33

Lovparken

Memories

Playing football, drinking beer

F 38

Cinema

Cozy

Watch movies

F 20

City centre

Cozy, nice people and buildings

Walk around, go to cafes and cinema

M 36

Harbour

Family has a boat, nice people

Sailing

F 42

Torvet

Has nice shops, cafes

Shopping

F 55

Mini By

Beautiful

Walking around

F 30

Own house

Family

Live

F 16

Shopping street

Feels like in a bigger city

Shopping / Walking around

M 25

Store in Vestergade where he works

Cool place

Work

F 20

CD/DVD store

Many young people

F 30

Around H.C. Andersensgade

Quiet area

Walk around with a baby

M 35

Lovparken

Meet friends, running, walk with children

M 26

Toldboden

Disco, only good party place

Dancing, drinking

M 55

Cafe Det Grønne Hus

Local people, local atmosphere. Gathering place for people who are interested in environmental issues

Talking, drinking coffee

M 55 + two sons (6)

Old town

The atmosphere, lot of people, families

Come to shop, walk around with the kids

F/M 45

Riverside

Nice and calm

Walk, going to the city

F 25

Kirkestrade and beach

Old street Beach is Barcelona like

F 35

Åsen Fruens Mose

Nature, green

Camping, sport, enjoying nature

M 67

Øko Cafe

Nice garden, good food and drinks

Talk, eat, visit in the weekends mostly

M 16

Shopping streets

Eating

Eating kebab

F 30

Cafe Sanose

Cozy

Meet friends

M 50

Inner city

Good to walk around

Shopping, walking

M 55

Harbour

Has a house there

Go out to relax

M 50

Centre

Market, lot of people

Walking home/Shopping

M/F 50-60

The inner city

They live here

F 18

Torvet

Central, safe

Shopping, meeting new people

M 17

Torvet

Lot of people

Walking around

F 48

Old town

Old buildings

Thinking about past, walking around

M 21

Discotheque

The only place for young people

Dancing

M 19

Discotheque

Partying

F 47

Cafe T

Cozy, special

Have coffee

appendix 3 museum cinema cafeteria restaurant disco

100%

age 14 - 25 bog riverside parks mini By

shopping

age 26 - 39 age 40 - 70

One unit of the diagram show 10% of questioned persons in the range of age.

Appendix 3 shows the mentioned favourite places that are categorised into cultural activities, leisure and shopping. We questionned 54 persons, that is relatively small number but from what we can still have some conclusions. Generally we can say that the young generation prefer indoor opportunities like shops, the cinema, bars or the local disco. They like to be inside somewhere more than just taking a walk outside in the city. This gradually turning to the opposite with older generations. Middle aged to senior people like walking along the riverside, in green areas or in the old inner city. Mid-age people and families cannot be boardered down this much. They are everywhere and doing all kinds of recreation and cultural activities what KĂ¸ge offers. We are aware of that this information for our further work has many limitations and it isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a comprehensive survey, but competive enough to give a basic impression. Similar survey could be repeated in the future, in different season and over many years, to get more variable reults.

master thesis in landscape architecture Written and edited by H채li-Ann Tooms and Janka Emese Paulovics University of Copenhagen, 2010