MS&T Magazine - Issue 2 2014 by Halldale Group

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Volume 31 • Issue 2.2014

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ISSUE 2.2014

Editorial comment

Austerity, Security and Opportunity The US defense budget battle has certainly been top of mind for the training and simulation industry over the past several years. Throughout this time, MS&T has been consistent in its message of the still very considerable opportunity that an environment of austerity presents for this industry. In fact, this issue of MS&T specifically looks at the impact of the US DoD’s 2015 budget on a sector that even the mass media may finally be associating with growth opportunity. While the expenditure trend line is down, and will be through 2022, the current US defense budget of $496 billion remains the world’s largest by a very wide margin. MS&T has consistently stated that the S&T sector not only enjoys a degree of immunity from the direct impact of these macro defense budget reductions due to its status as an enabler of readiness and efficiency, but exciting additional opportunities continue to present themselves. Some of those are in domains such as cyber warfare and security, serious games, e-learning, naval fleet synthetic training, and combat training centers incorporating embedded LVC architectures. On the air side, the budget maintains KC-46 tanker, P-8, C-130J and MH-60 General Frederick M. Franks US Army (ret) production, as well as the development of the next generation long range manned bomber. And although it has slipped to the right, the USAF has also maintained a commitment to the T-X training aircraft, which will replace the venerable T-38 Talon in what will remain the largest military pilot training program on the planet. Several international teams are positioning for this critical program, and MS&T offers a first-hand review of one of the airframe contenders in this issue. An essay by Melvyn P. Leffler in the respected Foreign Affairs journal contends that budget crises throughChris Lehman out US history have actually improved Editor-in-Chief US defence strategy, and that the associated negative consequences are often exaggerated. He argues that the repeated cycle of budget cuts that occurred immediately after the wars of the 20th century did not themselves trigger the ensuing security issues that they are routinely accused of. Admit-

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tedly, there were problems during these cuts but they were not the result of the austerity itself. Officials clung to prevailing strategic concepts without re-thinking their application, reappraising their costs and benefits, or the threat picture and appropriate mitigations. “The country’s worst military problems in the postWorld War II era – China’s intervention in the Korean War…Vietnam…Iraq – had nothing to do with tight budgets.” Leffler points to the importance of having a coherent strategic concept, a clear assessment of the threats, delineation of goals and interests and a calibrated sense of priorities. In this regard, he suggests that throughout the history of the 20th century, austerity probably helped more than it hurt. “Strategy in a time of austerity should emphasize the artful combination of initiatives to reassure allies and engage adversaries…reassurance and engagement are both essential, and good judgement is a prerequisite to configuring the right mixture of the two.” MS&T is not minimizing the challenges this era of austerity is presenting, nor is it endorsing all of the budget cuts. But in all national jurisdictions, we’ve seen how bureaucratic and domestic politics inevitably enter the picture, often causing governments to both fail to perceive, and fail to respond, in an appropriate manner. Turf battles and distrust can undermine even the most comprehensive planning, but pundits – particularly those outside the US – may also need to be reminded of the enormous complexity of shifting something as large as US defense and security policy. “This shift should not become a cause for despair, but rather be treated as a spur to efficiency, creativity, discipline and above all, prudence,” says Leffler. Political, military and industrial leadership must cast aside despair, roll up their sleeves, and seek artful combinations of policies and programs that will secure both domestic economic health and national security. Without the former, you cannot achieve the latter.

Chris Lehman MS&T Editor-in-Chief

chris@halldale.com MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

Contents

ISSUE 2.2014

Austerity, Security and Opportunity. Editor-in-Chief Chris Lehman notes that austerity is not all bad. It can stimulate efficiency, creativity, discipline and prudence, and thus, reveal opportunity. Beyond the Budget. For the S&T industry, DoD’s 2015 budget, despite reductions, still provides new and continuing opportunities. Group Editor Marty Kauchak reports. German S&T Industry Overview. MS&T’s Dim Jones reviews the host country S&T scene in the run up to ITEC.

T-X and the Hawk T2. MS&T’s Dim Jones gives us the latest on the US T-X programme and profiles one of the contender training systems.

Urban Operations. As urban operations becomes more complex, so does the training and research capabilities. MS&T’s Chuck Weirauch reports on some TRADOC initiatives.

Foreign Military Sales. The US FMS program is a key part of many companies’ export sales and of overseas customers’ acquisition strategies. Group Editor Marty Kauchak reports on the trends associated with this long-standing program designed to facilitate allied procurement.

Military Flight Training 2014. MS&T’s Dim Jones reports on MFT 2014. Seen & Heard. Updates from the training and simulation community. Compiled and edited by Fiona Greenyer.

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

Editorial Editor-in-Chief Chris Lehman e. chris@halldale.com Managing Editor Jeff Loube e. jeff@halldale.com Europe Editor Dim Jones e. dim@halldale.com Group Editor Marty Kauchak e. marty@halldale.com Procurement Chuck Weirauch e. chuck@halldale.com US News Editor Lori Ponoroff e. lori@halldale.com RoW News Editor Fiona Greenyer e. fiona@halldale.com Advertising Director of Sales Jeremy Humphreys & Marketing t. +44 (0)1252 532009 e. jeremy@halldale.com Sales Representative Justin Grooms USA & Canada t. 407 322 5605 e. justin@halldale.com Sales Representative Chris Richman Europe, Middle East t. +44 (0)1252 532007 & Africa e. chrisrichman@halldale.com Sales & Marketing Karen Kettle Co-ordinator t. +44 (0)1252 532002 e. karen@halldale.com Marketing Manager Ian Macholl t. +44 (0)1252 532008 e. ian@halldale.com

MS&T Magazine Military Simulation & Training Magazine

On the cover: The Hawk T2 entered RAF service in 2011, with No IV(R) Squadron at RAF Valley in Anglesey. Image credit: Paul Heasman.

Operations Design & David Malley Production t. +44 (0)1252 532005 e. david@halldale.com Distribution & Stephen Hatcher Circulation t. +44 (0)1252 532010 e. stephen@halldale.com Artworker Daryl Horwell t. +44 (0)1252 532011 e. daryl@halldale.com Halldale Media Group Publisher & Andy Smith CEO e. andy@halldale.com UK Office Halldale Media Ltd. Pembroke House 8 St. Christopher’s Place Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 0NH, UK t. +44 (0)1252 532000 f. +44 (0)1252 512714 US Office Halldale Media, Inc. 115 Timberlachen Circle Ste 2009, Lake Mary FL 32746, USA t. +1 407 322 5605 f. +1 407 322 5604 Subscriptions 5 issues per year at US$110 t. +44 (0)1252 532000 e. mst@halldale.com

www.halldale.com/mst All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – especially translating into other languages - without prior written permission of the publisher. All rights also reserved for restitution in lectures, broadcasts, televisions, magnetic tape and methods of similar means. Each copy produced by a commercial enterprise serves a commercial purpose and is thus subject to remuneration. MS&T (ISSN 1471-1052) is published five times per year in February, May, August, September, November by Halldale Group.

Procurement

S&T Beyond the Budget Topline There has been some hyperbole and much drama in the mass-media analysis of the 2015 US defense budget request. Lost to most observers are the new and continuing opportunities for the S&T industry in this same budget document, Group Editor Marty Kauchak reports.

resident Barack Obama’s defense topline request for fiscal year 2015 (FY15) presented to Congress this March 4 is set at $496 billion. The FY15 budget request keeps the Pentagon on a glide slope for continued defense spending reductions through 2022. Ray Duquette, the president and general manager of CAE USA placed this budget and the US market in perspective, noting that “despite the DoD budget reductions, it still represents the world’s largest defense market and a continued willingness to invest in a well-trained and mission ready military.” Indeed, beyond the budget topline of decreased macro-level spending, there are subtle as well as dazzling opportunities for the S&T industry to support program requirements.

A Budget Winner The cyber mission is one significant area of increased FY15 funding. A cornerstone of the department’s cyber strategy is training readiness. Captain Matt Stines, a media officer at the Air Force Press Desk, described his service’s upward trend in training investments for cyber missions. The Pentagon-based officer indicated his service will spend an additional $8.3M in training for cyber operations personnel in FY15 over what was spent in FY14. He added, “The Air Force has not planned any additional training courses in FY15, but is increasing the student 08

M S & T M A G A Z I NE 2 . 2 0 1 4

throughput capacity of existing schools to include the Cyberspace Defense Operations Course at Keesler Air Force Base (AFB), Mississippi and the Intermediate Network Warfare Training at Hurlburt Field, Florida. The student throughput of the Joint Cyber Analysis Course at Corey Station, Florida will remain the same.” The Army is also increasing cyber defense capabilities “with the incremental fielding of Network Enterprise Technology Command (NETCOM) Cyber Protection Teams (CPTs). “NETCOM plans to support 19 operational CPTs collectively performing about 126 operational mission events in FY 2015,” Captain Matthew Bourke, assigned to the Office of the Chief of Public Affairs for the US Army’s Media Relations Division, pointed out. The Pentagon includes cyber events in training exercises in the live and the other training domains. Air Force cyber operators participated in Cyber Flag, Terminal Fury and

Air Force and other services' Cyber Operators participated in Cyber Flag, Terminal Fury, Red Flag (above) in FY14 and anticipate participating in these same events in FY15 to exercise cyber readiness. Image credit: Brett Clashman/ US Air Force.

Red Flag in FY14, and anticipate participating in these same events in FY15 to exercise cyber readiness. “No additional exercises have been scheduled as of this date [March 20, 2014],” Stines said. And here’s one opportunity in the cyber sector for the S&T industry. The Air Force is moving away from a commercial range to the DoD IA (information assurance) range for initial cyber skills training in an effort to reduce range costs in FY15. Stines noted the Air Force also uses the SANS Institute's Cyber City for intermediate network warfare training and doesn't anticipate a change in range usage for this course. “We welcome industry partners to support cyber training and simulation during the exercise events previously mentioned. This initiative will provide an avenue for assessing the cyber readiness of our personnel in a different range environment,” he remarked.

Other Budget Snapshots This budget environment challenges the services as they transform their training

programs in the post-Iraq and soon-to-be-concluded Afghanistan eras, and rebalance their forces to support the Obama administration’s Pivot to Asia. Colonel Sean Gibson, the public affairs officer at Marine Corps Combat Development Command, said there are two significant future training challenges his service must address. First, future training must support developing a wider array of capabilities across the range of military operations (ROMO). “Toward meeting this challenge, our Commandant

The Navy's proposed, approximate $410 million investment will provide trainers similar to this Laser Shot Combat Simulator for Embarked Security Teams. Image credit: Joshua Scott/US Navy.

M S & T M A G A Z I NE 2 . 2 0 1 4

Procurement [General James Amos] has provided strategic guidance: we must rebalance training, leveraging our competencies in entry-level and skills progression training and re-emphasizing core competencies in combined arms and expeditionary and amphibious operations, focusing on Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)level core capabilities,” he said. “Our training challenge is to find the ‘sweet spot’ between the high (combined arms) and low (COIN (counter-insurgency/stability operations)) ends of the ROMO. “ Against this background, the Marine Corps’ three top training and education F15 budget priorities are: entry level training, professional military education enhancements and implementing its key service-level training initiative for the post-Operation Enduring Freedom environment - the MAGTF (Marine Air Ground Task Force) Training Program. The Navy is directly investing in its service members’ Quality of Work efforts. A foundation of this initiative is the proposed, approximate $410 million in spending across the future years defense program (FYDP) to enhance sailor training and proficiency. Lt. Robert Myers, a Navy News Desk action officer in the Navy Office of Information, highlighted the learning technology and related training investments to support Quality of Work and, more important, sailors and officers’ Quality of Service. “Specific training enhancements include: increased funds for training travel, expanding Common Core (Navy e-Learning) training, improving training range capability support and fleet synthetic training, increasing access to Mobile Small Arms Familiarization Trainers, and increasing shore-based training systems to support submarine and surface ship readiness to include trainers,

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KEEPING FLIGHT SIMULATORS CURRENT AND CAPABLE

LONDON / 4 - 5 JUNE 2014 The aim of this flight simulation conference is to discuss the challenges associated with keeping flight simulators current and capable from both a concurrency and technological aspect. This applies to military and civil flight simulators across fixed wing and rotary wing communities and includes full flight simulators as well as lower level devices. www.aerosociety.com/events Sponsors

M S & T M A G A Z I NE 2 . 2 0 1 4

coursework and simulators,” the Pentagon-based officer told MS&T. Fewer resources have forced the Army to make plans for 19 combat training center rotations in fiscal 2015 – 17 are to validate brigade combat team readiness for full-spectrum combat capabilities and two are Mission Rehearsal Exercises. Captain Matthew Bourke in the Office of the Chief of Public Affairs for the US Army’s Media Relations Division noted that training will be available for units preparing to deploy to South Korea and Afghanistan, and forces in the Army Contingency Force (not the same as the Global Response Force). “It is units not in the Army Contingency Force, that training will not be funded to meet full readiness standards,” he emphasized. Emerging US Air Force aircraft priorities, including the production of the KC-46 tanker and the development of a next generation, long-range bomber, continue to push the T-X program down the service’s priority list. T-X will replace the aging T-38 Talon. The FY2015 Air Force budget request throws a fiscal life ring to T-X, providing more research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) money. Ed Gulick, a spokesperson at the Air Force Press Desk, noted, “The Air Force is planning to buy six test aircraft with RDT&E funding in FY18.” This long-gestating program will not receive actual procurement funding

The Marine Corps will continue to invest in S&T to enhance training and education at all echelons in the postOperation Enduring Freedom environment. Image credit: US Marine Corps.

IMPROVING MISSION READINESS. IT’S OUR SOLE OBJECTIVE.

That’s Why L-3 Link Developed the New Standard for Virtual Simulation Realism. It’s called HD World ®, a realistic, high-fidelity synthetic environment that immerses warfighters in dynamic high-definition training scenarios. HD World combines high-definition databases, image generation systems, physics-based processing technology and visual system displays to add unparalleled realism for manned and unmanned training. To see how L-3 Link is redefining training capabilities, go to www.link.com.

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Procurement until beyond the current FYDP – in future unspecified budgets. (Editor’s note: See the T-X update elsewhere in this issue of MS&T).

More Opportunities This budget request presents other opportunities for the S&T industry. In one instance the Army continues to invest in modernization and lifecycle sustainment efforts at its three Combat Training Centers. Bourke pointed out “Requests in the FY15 PB (president’s budget) include procurement of the Range Communications System at the Joint National Training Center, Fort Polk, Louisiana.” The FY15 budget request will also field the Live, Virtual, Constructive - Integrated Architecture and Homestation Instrumented Training Systems to three locations. “In the virtual training environment, the FY15 PB request enables modernization of Bradley based simulators in the Close Combat Tactical Trainer while enhancing capabilities in the Aviation Combined Arms Tactical Trainer, specifically in the Non-rated Crew Member Manned Modules,” Bourke added. The Army should increase its lead over the other services in developing the serious games for training domain. At least $10.17 million will allow the service to continue its investment in Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technologies

to support low-overhead training capabilities for soldiers, units, and leaders. “Expanded development, production, and interoperability capabilities of the Synthetic Environment Core are a key component of the FY15 request,” Bourke further remarked. In one overarching comment on Marine Corps S&T programs, the service’s Gibson emphasized that industry should ensure that when systems are developed and fielded, they are built with an open architecture. Addressing another technology thrust, he added, “Industry should look to field hardware that supports virtualization, as well as thin/zero client servers. This will allow the services to move towards a ‘cloud’ environment.” For specific FY15 programs, the MAGTF Tactical Warfare Simulation (MTWS) program will also re-compete its RDT&E and PDSS (Post Deployment Software Support) contract. “Industry should take note of the open architecture and virtualization aspects,” Gibson advised. The USMC will additionally create a Virtual Training Support and Sustainment contract to support operations and maintenance of the virtual training systems. Gibson suggested, “Industry should look at ways to reduce the life cycle maintenance cost through successful efficiencies and modernization through spares.” Also in FY15, the DVTE (Deployable

Virtual Training Environment) program will be re-competing its RDT&E and PDSS contract, and, as for the MTWS program, Gibson reiterated “Industry should take note of the open architecture and virtualization.”

Industry Reactions As S&T sector members keep a foot hold in the US market, some companies are refining their business models. Dan Schimmel, the CEO of VT MÄK, observed on March 21 that as a COTS software vendor, his company believes it is in a good position to capitalize on the US market, due to its diversified offering, and wide range of defense contractor and systems integrator customers. The industry executive further caught the attention of this author with a comment about ROI (return on investment). The metric is of increasing importance to decision makers and end users across the three S&T sectors in Halldale’s publication portfolio – military, civil aviation and healthcare. “The acid test now is unquestionably ROI in a less-is-more environment. Winners will provide real economic value and survive a tough competitive battle for dwindling budget,” he remarked. VT MÄK also believes its primary value proposition to the US military market remains as relevant as ever, perhaps even more valuable now when the economic pressure is real to deliver dis-

Air. LAnd. SeA. One PArtner fOr SimuLAtiOn And trAining.

A0146e0414_Simulation_412x97.indd 1

VT MÄK believes it is in a good position to remain competitive in this era of defense spending reduction, due to its diversified offerings (above) and wide range of defense contractor and systems integrator customers. Image credit: VT MÄK.

tributed, high value, extensible systems built on open standards and new technologies. “Having said that, VT MÄK is definitely exploring applications in adjacent spaces such as civil aviation, homeland defense, non-defense C2 (command and control) applications, and health care with real customers in all these areas,” Schimmel said, and continued, “With our recent acquisition of DI-Guy, we are especially well-suited to serve T&S (training and simulation) applications where the use of realistic human characters enhances the solution. Geographically, VT MÄK has long been well-diversified, with a substantial percentage of revenues coming from T&S programs outside the US. We have focused on hotspots of military activity in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Latin/South America.” CAE’s Duquette noted his company is also well positioned for the US market and highlighted some high-profile programs in its portfolio. “For example, the Navy is funding the P-8A maritime patrol aircraft and MH-60R Seahawk helicopter, and the Air Force continues to fund variants of the C-130J Hercules, so we expect continued opportunities for these platforms,” the industry executive said.

The Army’s request to purchase an additional 100 UH-72 Lakota helicopters that will eventually replace the current TH-67 training aircraft at Fort Rucker Alabama, will give CAE the opportunity to expand its long-term relationship on this program with Airbus. “CAE has already provided UH-72 cockpit procedures trainers and flight training devices to the Army,” he recalled and added, “We also see the beginning of funding for the USAF’s advanced trainer replacement program, commonly referred to as T-X.” CAE recently teamed with General Dynamics and Alenia Aermacchi to support their T-100 Integrated Training System offering for this program. And beyond the US, CAE will play on its strength of being truly global. “We are really the only ‘pure play’ simulation and training company with a significant global footprint. We have operations and training centers in more than 20 countries, and almost 8,000 employees worldwide, including an established and growing presence in markets that are actually growing in defense and security such as Asia and the Middle East,” Duquette pointed out. “This global footprint and our ‘multi-domestic’ strategy are important for the health of our business. It gives us balance and geographic diversification which helps with the inevitable ebbs and flows of defense and security budgets globally” he concluded. mst

Rheinmetall provides live, virtual and constructive training solutions for: Air force Army Navy Civil applications www.rheinmetall-defence.com/simulation

10.04.14 15:10

National Focus

The German Simulation & Training Industry As the S&T world – in Europe, at least – heads to Cologne for ITEC 2014, it may be an appropriate opportunity to review what’s going on in the S&T industry in the host nation, Germany. Dim Jones writes.

&T companies operating in Germany can broadly be classified in 3 categories: major companies headquartered in Germany; smaller companies based in Germany; and international organisations with German subsidiary companies. Starting with the first category, ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems, based in Kiel, is one of the leading European system providers for non-nuclear submarines and high-end naval vessels, generating individual customer solutions for more than 20 international navies, including design and delivery of training solutions. These include: training design, management and consulting; training qualification for crews, maintainers and shipyard personnel; training facilities; computer-based and virtual total ship training; training documentation and learning content management systems. Significant recent activities include the Virtual Ship Training and Information Systems (ViSTIS®), 3D real-time simulation-based training for the technical systems of the HDW Class 212A submarine, flight deck officer trainer for the Class 124 frigate (German Navy) and the MEKO A-200 frigate, as well as virtual on-board familiarization for the Class 124 frigate. Düsseldorf-based Theissen Training Systems specializes in live land training, specifically in the areas of target systems, range control systems and simulation of various effects in Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) training. A range of stationary and moving infantry targets include pop-up targets, which can be exposed in a variety of ways to provide friend/foe discrimination training; moving targets travel at up to 30 km/h, and can be combined with pop-up or pop-up rotary functions. 14

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

Full- and half-size AFV targets, with flank or head-on views, can either pop-up or be constantly exposed; moving targets can travel up to 60 km/h. These and other range functions can be controlled through a range of equipments, from desk-top PC through laptop to tablet and other hand-held devices. Range and MOUT simulation equipments include battlefield effects, enemy fire and visual hit indicators, and sound, light and thermal-imaging simulators. The product portfolio of the S&T division of Rheinmetall Defence Electronics in Bremen covers all aspects of land, sea and air military training, plus maritime and powerplant. Land systems include live training equipment at the German Combat Training Centre at Güz, virtual combat simulation in many applications, such as the ASPT gunnery simulator, providing training for Leopard 2 commanders and gunners, driver training, and a Combined Arms Tactical Trainer. The company provides air systems training solutions ranging from Computer Based Training, Part-Task and

CAE has provided classroom and simulator instructors for the German Army Aviation School, Europe’s largest helicopter training facility. Image credit: CAE.

System Trainers, Cockpit-Procedure and Maintenance Trainers up to Full Mission Simulators for Typhoon, Tiger, NH90, Tornado and MiG-29. Naval applications include team trainers for submarine command and control team personnel, Ops/ Combat Information Centre and AntiSubmarine Warfare team trainers for surface vessels, and mine-hunting, damage control, engineering system and weapon and sensor simulators.

Smaller Companies Turning to the smaller indigenous German companies, e.sigma, based in Munich, specialises in developing, manufacturing, implementing and integrating systems and solutions for military and security applications. Recent projects include: Light Reconnaissance in Virtual Operation (AGLS), a containerised ground vehicle system for training commanders, system operators and drivers in a train-as-you-fight environment, of which 5 have been delivered to the German Army; the Air Defense Training System (ADTS), providing AD personnel with training in battle management, air surveillance and fighter control operations; the allied Fighter Controller Training System (FCTS), in which a complete Air Defense Operations Centre, with the entire network of sensors and communication systems, is simulated. Specific products include: GLADIO™, providing firearms and mission training, designed for civil law enforcement and the military; SOKOL™, a Parachute Training System for free-fall simulation and emergency bail out, using a unique force feedback technology to simulate free-fall, canopy piloting and chute malfunctions; and CBAST™, a modular and scalable desktop training system with training for ATC Tower, Radar and Apron personnel. Rostock-based MarineSoft GmbH focuses on complete ship-specific platform systems and communication training solutions, providing courseware, computer-based training applications and information systems for maritime requirements. These training applications reproduce the “look and feel” of the simulated on-board equipment, using both mathematical and physical models, enabling trainees to become familiar with

normal and emergency operation. The Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS), a set of computer-based, interactive solutions, based on 3D models and original manufacturer documentation and presented in state-of-the-art tablet format, assists knowledge management and support of maintenance and service activities. Rheinmetall holds a 49% share in the company. Bremen-based szenaris creates computer- and web-based training programs and PC-based simulations for e-learning in training and further education, offering comprehensive competencies in the fields of conception, media production and time-and-budget programming, to ensure successful projects and satisfied customers. Tailored solutions may comprise CBT on CD-ROM or DVD, and WBT through a local network or accessible over the Internet. PC-based learning with Virtual Reality Simulations takes the user into virtual test environments which can be rooms, landscapes or underwater worlds, where machinery is operated, vehicles are controlled, or superstructures are built. Applications include recovery or destruction of hazardous materials, with remote controlled robotic vehicles or manipulators, so that trainees can practise the handling of such virtual manipulators without the risk of costly damage. TrianGraphics, headquartered in Berlin, is ‘your professional partner for digital terrains’, specialising in database creation for real-time visualization and simulation. In land, sea and air applications, the Trian3DBuilder terrain generation tool creates realistic battlegrounds: advanced roads and rails, procedural buildings, satellite independent texturing, complex airports, seafloors, comprehensive export options and formats. Recent developments include export to Havok’s Vision Engine, and full integration into Rheinmetall Defence Electronics’ DISI Xtreme image generator. The vision engine provides the foundation for DISI Xtreme to build a high end real-time visual system, with a comprehensive range of customised extensions and features, including procedural terrain and streaming of all static and dynamic objects and textures for large and detailed databases.

The Significance of the German Simulation & Training Industry for Defense and Security Applications Lt Col (Ret’d) Wolf Rauchalles, of the German Association for Defence Technology, writes: Training is mandatory to military and first responder life; consequently there will always be a high demand for qualified training. We are moving from large scale, high cost exercises in the past to the virtual battlefield of tomorrow. Simulation, modelling and virtual training systems play a significant role in this military and first responder training, supplementing or even replacing live training. Over the decades, German industry has supported its military and first responder customers with appropriate training means, starting from simple hardware to sophisticated high end applications. The increasing complexity of operations, the reductions in manpower, and the constant budget restraints have made it necessary to focus on new ways to maintain a high level of training. S&T expertise may be found in many fields of application within German industry: from underwater warfare to space debris avoidance, from e-learning to complex live-virtual scenario setups, a wide innovative capability and product spectrum is available for training and support. Whereas large companies have specialized S&T departments realizing sophisticated training means for air, land or sea based applications, the German SMI often focus on specialized products for tailored applications. We recognize the innovative capabilities of the German S&T industry and see it well placed to meet current and future national and international demands.

Lt Col (Ret’d) Wolf Rauchalles

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

National Focus Founded in 1988, Reiser Systemtechnik GmbH is a Munich-based, family-owned high-tech manufacturer of flight simulators and components, maintenance training devices and avionic test equipment for military and commercial customers. Current orders include flight simulators and FTDs for Typhoon, NH90, PC-21 and G120TP. October 2013 saw the roll-out of the first of five NH90 maintenance training rigs for the German and French armed forces. This rig, comprising replicated aircraft equipment, will significantly increase the throughput of trainees without utilising the real aircraft, thereby reducing costs and prolonging the life of the real helicopter.

The International Presence Lastly, many international S&T corporations have extensive operations in Germany. RUAG Defence Deutschland (RDD) has been active in the German S&T market, in various guises, since the early 1990s, and is now wholly owned by the Swiss aerospace and defence group. RDD is predominantly focused on live simulation and the provision of hardware for training exercises, laser technology and pyrotechnic effect representation being two key areas of focus for the company. RUAG itself is also an experienced provider of virtual simulation, and a service provider and operator of MOUT simulation and training facilities. RDD is currently engaged in delivering a Counter Improvised Explosive Device (CIED) simulation system, which is improving the Bundeswehr’s ability to combat this deadly threat. Operating at the GÜZ, RDD is delivering a full service of multiple COSIM devices, plus all the necessary support and infrastructure. Looking to the future, following the IED project, RDD will also be involved with the development of AGDUS-2 generation of simulators and mobile CTCs. Saab is a high-technology company with its main operations in defence, aviation and civil security. In the training area, Saab develops systems and services for military training and homeland defence. Training systems are modular and scalable, deployable or stationary, and can be customized for any training requirement – from the needs of the individual soldier up to the highest tactical level, and 16

covering everything from basic gunnery and skills training to tactical training in instrumented combat training facilities. Saab started a subsidary in Koblenz 1994, and is now based in Mülheim-Kärlich, supporting not only Germany but also France and Austria. The company has been providing simulators for the Bundeswehr since the mid-80s, and deliveries of 2-way simulators for live training currently exceed 2000. A two-way simulator has the ability to simulate the ballistics and time of flight of a projectile in real time, with a high level of precision and simultaneously give immediate and realistic feedback to the gunner and the target. The BT46 simulator can be adapted to meet a huge variety of needs, and Saab has supplied Ausbildungsgerät Duellsimulator (AGDUS) equipment for Leopard, Marder, Luchs, Wiesel MK, Wiesel TOW, Fennek and Boxer, and for the PAH-1 helicopter, Milan and Panzerfaust 3 anti-tank weapons, and the GMG. Transas Marine GmbH, located in Hamburg, is part of the international Transas Group, headquartered in St Petersburg and is developing and supplying high technology solutions for marine and air transportation, security, the oil-and-gas and defence industries, and the ‘edutainment’ sector. The German branch, founded in 1994, is active in sales, engineering, assembly and deployment of integrated solutions for shipping companies, maritime training organisations, offshore companies, shipyards, navies and coast guards; a specific competence area is maritime simulation and provision of global training services for Transas Marine International. In 2005, Transas Marine GmbH won contracts to supply a full mission simulator complex for the German Naval Academy (MSM), and also an agreement for the supply of integrated navigation systems to the German Navy fleet. Latest solutions for the military market are technical simulators for Navy and Coastguard vessels (engines and machinery), a small-arms trainer for marine environments, and the Full Warship Trainer (FWST), an advanced simulation solution developed in cooperation with Thales. Last, but certainly not least, CAE GmbH, based in Stolberg, Germany, was founded in 1961 and, since then,

has served the German Armed Forces with a range of training centres, training services and simulation products across air, land, sea and public safety. Over the past year, CAE GmbH has been supporting several key initiatives and programs for the Bundeswehr, including the implementation of the Common Database (CDB) on the helicopter simulators, located at the German Army Aviation School in Bückeburg, and the C-160 Transall simulator in Wunstorf. The CDB is an open-database architecture, which is rapidly updateable and enables correlated distributed mission training; CAE is supporting ZSimNav, the Bundeswehr’s agency responsible for developing and generating databases used by the German Armed Forces for training. Also at the German Army Aviation School, Europe’s largest helicopter training facility, the company has provided classroom and simulator instructors, in addition to maintenance and support services. During 2013, the German Army started using the latest generation CAE GESI command and staff training system at the German Army Combat Simulation Centre, located in Wildflecken. A product improvement program will see the company release enhanced versions of the GESI software to Germany and other customers during 2014. In addition, the company recently announced a cooperation agreement with Rolands & Associates (R&A) to combine GESI command and staff training system with R&A’s Joint Theatre-Level Simulation (JTLS) into a new, federated constructive simulation solution called GlobalSim. With defence budgets in most western markets, including Germany, continuing to be under pressure, defence forces are looking to do more synthetic training, particularly in the area of networked mission training. CAE recently networked the two Eurofighter simulators located at Wittmund to enable the German Air Force to conduct integrated mission training in a complex synthetic environment. Wittmund joins the bases in Laage, Nörvenich and Neuburg which also deliver integrated, networked mission training for Eurofighter aircrews. CAE GmbH provides maintenance and support services on all of Germany’s Eurofighter aircrew synthetic training aids. mst

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

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Procurement

A Contender The stakes in the US T-X programme are high; and the Hawk T2 is being put forth as a contender. MS&Tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Dim Jones provides a programme update and an inside look at the Hawk training system.

n MS&T Issue 1 of 2010, I wrote about the new generation of Advanced Jet Trainers (AJT), specifically the Hawk AJT, in the context of what appeared then to be the imminent US T-X programme to replace the ageing T-38. Since that time, there has been significant AJT competition activity around the rest of the world; however the T-X programme, in terms of sheer numbers and value, undoubtedly the biggest trainer project there has ever been, or is likely to be again, and which must be regarded as the Holy Grail for all the competing partnerships, seemed further away than ever â&#x20AC;&#x201C; until the budget announcement of 4th March 2014. Although T-X did not make the top 3 air priorities in the recent DoD review, it has survived the 2015 budget cull, and has received $600m funding over the next 5 years. The USAF is expected to send out a Request for Information (RFI) in November, followed by a Request for Pro18

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posals (RFP) in mid-2015, with a contract award in 2017. The prospective IOC date is 2023, by which time the venerable T-38 will have been in service for 62 years, and the average fleet age will be over 50 years. It is already becoming prohibitively expensive to maintain, and these costs can only rise; the full re-equipment programme is scheduled to last 6 years. Interestingly, the FY15 budget announcement includes a funding slice for Air Combat Command, indicating that T-X might also be the replacement for roles other than pure pilot training.

Contenders The programme calls for a suite of capabilities including platform, synthetic equipment and training programmes. The 3 existing contender partnerships are: Korean Aircraft Industries (KAI) with the T-50 Golden Eagle; Alenia, General Dynamics and CAE with the M-346 Master, aka T-100; and BAE Systems,

Rolls-Royce, Northrop-Grumman and L-3 with the Hawk AJT. Additionally, Boeing and Saab announced at the end of 2013 that they would be teaming on a new-build aircraft, about which virtually nothing is known. The T-50 is already in service with the Republic of Korea and Indonesia, and has been selected by Iraq; the M-346 is in service in Italy and Singapore, and on order for Israel and Poland. The M-346 had also been selected by UAE, but this contract was never signed, and the UAE requirement remains extant. These contracts represent a total of 65 M-346s and 182 T-50s, although 122 of the latter are either multi-role or trainer/light attack variants. Hawk numbers are much more difficult to quantify, because of the long evolution of the marque, but aircraft of the modern Lead-In Fighter Trainer (LIFT) generation are in service with the RAF, Australia and India, and on order for Saudi Arabia and Oman.

The Hawk Mk 128 AJT entered RAF service in 2011 as the T2. Image credit: Paul Heasman.

The Hawk Mk 128 AJT entered RAF service in 2011 as the T2, and all 28 aircraft have now been delivered to No IV(R) Squadron at RAF Valley in Anglesey. I had the singular good fortune to see its capabilities at first hand, flying with Wing Commander Dan Beard, the CO of the squadron, at the end of last year. The Hawk T2 was introduced to service to bridge a perceived shortfall between the training which could be provided by the Hawk T1 (a 35-year old aircraft with an analogue cockpit), and the requirement for lead-in to 4th- and 5th-generation aircraft such as Typhoon and F-35. The training provided on No IV(R) Squadron is part of the UK’s Military Flying Training System (MFTS), operated on a 25-year contract by Ascent, a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Babcock International. At Valley, Ascent provide all the ground instruction, including simulator instructors, are responsible for ground and air courseware, and man-

age the ground training and flying programmes through the Training Management Information System (TMIS); the RAF provides all the flying instructors. The aircraft are owned by the UK MoD, and the maintenance is carried out, on behalf of Ascent, by Babcock, sub-contracted to BAE Systems. The Hawk AJT is a single-engine tandem-seat trainer. It looks similar to – and shares many virtues with – the Hawk T1 and, to those like myself fortunate enough to have flown many hours in the T1, the T2 feels reassuringly comfortable and familiar; but the surface is where the similarities end. The AJT is a different beast and, indeed, I think BAE Systems probably regret not having called it something other than a Hawk, thereby underlining the differences. It has an allglass cockpit, configured, in the case of the T2, to represent the Typhoon; however, the configuration can be modified to suit the customer and replicate whatever

front-line aircraft he wishes. There are 3 large colour MFDs and a wide-angle HUD; the aircraft is powered by a RollsRoyce Adour Mk951, an engine with a proven performance and reliability pedigree; the 951 produces more thrust (29kN at SL/ISA) than its predecessors, which combines with a slightly increased basic weight to give the aircraft similar performance to the T1. Students arrive at Valley from Basic Fast-Jet Training on the Tucano at RAF Linton-on-Ouse. It had originally been thought that the introduction of the T2, in advance of the purchase of a new basic trainer to replace the turbo-prop Tucano, would, in itself, require a short bridging course on the T1 but, in the event, that has proved entirely unnecessary.

T2 Services All the T2-related services at Valley – administration, ground school classrooms, synthetic trainers, aircraft M S & T M A G A Z I NE 2 . 2 0 1 4

Procurement maintenance facilities and flying operations – are contained within a single purpose-built facility, the like of which I have certainly never seen before, and Ascent and RAF staff are totally integrated within it. Ground school instruction is a mixture of Classroom-Aided Instruction (CAI), in one of 4 electronic classrooms, and Computer-Based Training (CBT) in a dedicated facility. CBT is a laptop-based system, although Ascent are also looking at increased use of tablets; each student owns a laptop, the data on which is encrypted so that it can be used off-base. All flight manuals are electronic. Ascent instructors are cleared to deliver training up to a security classification of ‘Restricted’; more sensitive briefing material is handled by the RAF instructional staff. The synthetic training suite comprises 3 levels of device: there are 10 Desk-Top Training (DTT) stations, 6 Flight Training Devices (FTD) and 2 Full Mission Simulators (FMS). The DTT comprises a keyboard, sticktop and touchscreen monitor, which can be configured for any display in the aircraft. It is used for learning flight profiles, practising start and navigation system procedures, and familiarisation with HOTAS functions. The FTDs comprise a cockpit mock-up – configured for either front or back cockpit - with a touchscreen instrument panel, and a 3-screen visual. The devices use re-targeted aircraft mission computers, can be linked or stand-alone, and are used for both student self-study and formal instruction. They have been found particularly useful for sortie rehearsal and instructor training profiles – including providing the trainee instructor with the ideal environment in which to practise his or her instructional ‘patter’ - so much so that more training is carried out on them than was originally envisaged, and they are used to download training from, or act as a precursor to, the FMS. There are 2 linked FMSs, built under licence by CAE, with highdetail dome visual and motion cueing; they can be used for any purpose up to and including full mission rehearsal. The Ascent instructional staff is all ex-military, with a wealth of operational and instructional experience, and an impressive combined total of Hawk flying hours. In support, there are three 20

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Lockheed-Martin personnel to maintain the FTDs, and 4 CAE technicians to support the FMS. The availability of the synthetic training aids is about 99%. The RAF flying instructional staff has all the same experience qualifications, plus the added benefit of recency on the front line, and operational experience on Operations Telic (Iraq), Herrick (Afghanistan) and Ellamy (Libya). Breadth of experience is enhanced by the presence of French, Canadian and South African exchange officers.

Live-Synthetic The live-synthetic mix on the AJT course is roughly 50/50, not as an arbitrary target, but as a result of careful study. The mix varies from phase to phase – the Instrument Flying phase is roughly 20/80 and Air Combat 90/10. All syllabus sorties are rehearsed in the FTD, and this is thought to contribute significantly towards an airborne sortie failure rate reduced from a historic 7-8% in the T1 to less than 0.5% in the T2. Mission planning for flying sorties is carried out using the Hawk Advanced Mission Planning Aid (HAMPA), and briefing of flying sorties is carried out in one of 5 Virtual Briefing Rooms (VBR). The sum total of the advances in ground training techniques and technology ensures that a student on the T2 can walk out to his aircraft fully familiar with the sortie profile to be flown, and as well prepared as he or she can be. The heart of the AJT system is the avionics, and specifically the emulation, which confers on it the range of sensors and equipment to be found in the front-line aircraft, without the need for the associated hardware and, therefore, at a fraction of the cost. It reflects the essential nature of information warfare in the air environment, and the change in emphasis from the ‘Aviate, Navigate, Communicate’ beloved of ancient airmen like myself, to the modern ‘Aviate, Assimilate, Disseminate’. The best weapons systems in the world are rendered relatively useless without the situational awareness to employ them safely and to best tactical effect; in order to generate the maximum excess brainpower for this purpose, routine aircraft management tasks, such as fuel awareness and navigation, which absorbed so much of a pilot’s time a few years ago, are now automated and streamlined and, through the navigation panel, moving map display and HUD, presented to the pilot in the most easily digestible form. Meanwhile,

An Ascent instructor flies one of the 6 FTDs. Image credit: Author

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Procurement and although the AJT cannot match the weapons capability and performance of its operational counterpart, the emulated stores management, threat warning system and synthetic radar – data-linked to all similarly-equipped aircraft - provide an extremely realistic and immersive tactical environment which I would have found hard to credit had I not experienced it. The threat scenario can be preloaded during the planning process or ‘unplanned’ threats can be ‘dropped in’ from the rear cockpit during the sortie. There is no longer a need to test student capacity by the use of random injects to precipitate artificial crisis management; pressure can be generated much more realistically, although it must be said that injecting threats ‘on the hop’ can result in quite a workload in the back seat. In the air-to-air arena, the radar and HUD provide generic MRAAM indications and Launch Success Zones (LSZ), and the equivalent for a basic IR (AIM9-L) missile, although the LSZs are backed up by Rule-of-Thumb ranges and sight pictures; the HUD also provides Lead Computing Optical Sight (LCOS) and Constantly-Computing Impact Line (CCIL) for air-to-air guns. Air-toground weapons delivery is generally Constantly-Computing Impact Point or Release Point (CCIP/CCRP) for 1000lb retard bombs, auto-designation (through the nav kit, refined as required through the HUD) for free-fall bombs, and CCIP for A-G guns, ranged through the nav kit and radalt. PaveWay IV medium-altitude and Loft profiles can be planned using HAMPA. There is no live weaponry on the T2 course, but delivery profiles – dive, loft and level - are practised on an academic range, and the results analysed using the HUD recorder and HAMPA playback. Full use is made of the VBRs for sortie analysis and debrief. Everything which can appear on the MFDs (front or rear cockpits) can be replayed on the HAMPA debriefing facility, as can HUD camera footage, audio from in and out of cockpit, and GPS position overlaid on HAMPA (and overlaid on the planned route if need be). All sorties are time-stamped, and some 30 different event markers (anything from moving the airbrake to trigger down) can be displayed on the timeline 22

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bar at the bottom of the display screen. The age of losing the fight but winning the debrief are but a distant memory!

Graduates The output standard of the T2 course is a ‘multi-role wingman’. It is too soon to gauge accurately what the impact of T2 graduates will be on the Operational Conversion Units although, in the case of the Typhoon OCU, the course length had already been reduced, and the live/synthetic mix adjusted in anticipation to 40/60, including exclusive use of simulators up until the first solo sortie. The T2 graduates certainly arrive at the OCU with a better awareness of radar characteristics and HOTAS, but it may well be that the most significant benefit will be seen on the front line in the combat-ready work-up where, of course, training costs are at their highest. There is also some scope to download training events from the OCU to the T2 course: both aircraft and simulator are NVG- and AAR- capable, and the simulator could certainly be used to teach air-to-air refuelling procedures. So, how do the contenders square up? The competing teams have been assembled specifically for this programme, and keeping them together and motivated while nothing appeared to be happening would have been a challenge – but at least things are happening now, albeit slowly. The requirements, as put forward by the USAF, have not changed much and – as far as I can determine – do not of themselves disqualify any of the existing competitors. There are currently 4 Key Performance Parameters, representing critical thresholds, 14 Key Systems Attributes, regarded as ‘essential’, and 23 Additional Performance Attributes (nice-tohaves). The acquisition strategy is not yet precisely determined. The 3 known aircraft vary quite widely in terms of performance and potential acquisition and through-life cost; the Boeing design is an unknown quantity but, since it is being designed specifically for the T-X market, can be expected to reflect Boeing’s take on the requirements pretty accurately. Hawk AJT and T-50, and to a lesser extent M-346, are now well-established in service, and the USAF will doubtless be taking a close interest in how they are performing. It remains only for me to thank Dan Beard for allowing me to play, albeit inexpertly, with his new toy, which I found to be both extremely enjoyable and impressively capable, the more so as part of a tailor-made training system. mst

The VBR allows full debriefing of all sorties, with time-stamped reproduction of aircraft displays and sensors, and 2- and 3-D spatial presentations. The left picture shows a 2-aircraft air-to-air engagement, and the right an air-to-ground mission. Image credit: Author.

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Training Technology

Urban Operations: Preparing for the Present and the Future The Armyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is leveraging both live and virtual environments to both train for the present and prepare for the future. MS&Tâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Chuck Weirauch reports.

hen al-Shabaab terrorists attacked the upscale, modern Westgate Mall in Nairobi, Kenya in September 2013, they provided a chilling reminder that non-traditional combat environments, such as this urban setting, are more likely to become the scenes of conflict in the 21st century. Developing training environments to meet such unconventional warfare challenges has become a major part of the mission for the US Army's Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

AWG Training Center One of the newest urban training environments can be found in the Army Asymmetric Warfare Group (AWG)'s Asymmetric Warfare Training Center (AWTC) at Fort A.P. Hill in Virginia, which opened in January of this year. The AWG is under the command of TRADOC, and functions to provide assistance to the Army and Joint Task Force commanders in ways and means to counter the latest non-traditional threats emerging around the world. One of the AWG's first missions in 2003 was to serve as an advisory resource for US armed forces operating in Iraq on how to detect and defeat improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Just recently the AWG held a Risk Reduction Exercise to help develop solutions to operations and training gaps for subterranean operations. 26

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The $96 million, 300-acre AWTC features a modern urban complex that includes a five-story embassy, a bank, a school and an underground subway and train station that looks just like what one would find in nearby Washington, D.C. There is also a helicopter landing zone, a bridge, and other structures found in a typical urban environment. The Center also has an indoor firing range, outdoor ranges, a headquarters complex and a small barracks, along with other supporting facilities. The urban structures can be configured to replicate those found in urban areas considered to be under active threat. It's a step beyond what might be found at earlier Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) training centers. "The AWTC is simply not just another urban village or MOUT site," said Lt. Col. Justin Sapp, the AWG's operations officer. "The AWTC was

The Asymmetric Warfare Training Center's Urban Complex at Fort A.P. Hill, Va. Image credit:US Army.

developed from the ground up to provide a broad spectrum of realistic and practical environments to support solution development and training." According to AWG Public Affairs Officer LTC Sonise Lumbaca, the training center supports the AWG's mission to identify capability gaps and provides a secure location for the replication of complex operational environments, as well as the development and assessment of Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTP). Solutions can range from adding a piece of equipment to a kit or developing tactics, techniques and procedures, she explained. The AWTC is also a venue that provides tailor-made training scenarios and environments for the AWG, the Army and Joint Forces, and other government organizations, Lumbaca added. Col. John Petkosek, the AWG's Commander said that the training center will serve as an area “where the Army can be creative and come up with solutions to problems that we don't even know that we have yet”. “We are transitioning from an Army of execution, doing what we

have had to do, to an Army of preparation to be ready for what comes next”, Petkosek emphasized. "That's where the importance of this facility really comes in." According to the AWG sources, the AWTC has already been employed by a variety of "customers," including Special Operations Forces and the Department of State Security. The most recent military unit to use the Center for a live urban training exercise was the Army's 82nd Airborne Division. That Emergency Deployment Readiness Exercise (EDRE) had a non-combatant evacuation operations (NEO) focus for which scenarios are to conduct an operation to evacuate US citizens from foreign countries either for security or natural disaster situations. The EDRE was conducted within the AWTC's Urban Complex.

Planning For The Future While the AWG Training Center's Urban Complex provides a physical environment for tactics and procedures development as well as a training tool for today's

potential urban conflicts, TRADOC is also using virtual environments to plan for battles on urban terrain in the future. The Command's Future Warfare Division is employing the TRADOC Future Simulation for Models and Simulation Division and its Models, Simulations and Excursions Branch to construct a model of a future mega-city to serve as the platform for a networked war game that will be conducted in August. The goal of this exercise is to gain a better understanding and situational awareness of all of the elements that make up a mega-city, an urban environment that TRADOC considers to be a "living organism," according to Col. Kevin Felix, Chief of the TRADOC Future Warfare Division. The Future Warfare Division monitors current and future trends worldwide in order to help create concepts for any future operations. According to Felix, a number of independent studies have looked at the idea of rapid urbanization. Trends indicate that soon more than 60 percent of the world's population

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will be living in some sort of mega-city urban environment. Mega-cities that are expected to develop within the 2025-to 2035 timeframe will have populations of more than ten million and be strategically situated on or near coastlines and near ports and airports. Based on this independent research and TRADOC's own tracking of critical trends, the Command decided to look at the rapid urbanization trend as it transforms itself from an urban warfare scenario to a mega-city challenge, he explained. Since any conflict that might take place in such a complex and population-dense environment is bound to be extremely difficult to counter, the Army may have to develop new concepts of warfare to be able to successfully engage an adversary in such conditions. While the US military has developed and executed concepts and doctrine and conducted operations in smaller urban areas, the mega-city environment may present many unique challenges beyond what has been considered under current operational concepts, tactics and procedures. "It will cost us if we don't explore these areas now," Felix pointed out. "At the end of the day, this mega-city environment will be critical in terms of precision and stand-off weapons that may be less effective in this environment, for example; and that ability to be discriminate among targets will be

very important and much more difficult to achieve. So we have to look at what are the technologies and capabilities that are required in this very, very difficult and complex human terrain, which is the real point of this effort. To really be effective here, you are going to have to have a greater situational awareness or understanding of all of the actors inside of this very complex living organism. This is the kind of real exploration we are doing out to 2035 to understand this and to be more prepared." The TRADOC August virtual war game exercise is being conducted as a part of the Army Chief of Staff's annual Unified Quest Future Study Plan, which is designed to examine issues critical to current and future force development. The Future Quest is the Army's primary annual mechanism for exploring strategic and operational challenges and operations in the future environment. "So this wargame that we are about to undertake is not about street-fighting and house-to-house combat," Felix emphasized. "This is about understanding the magnitude of the problem and what it means in terms of implications for the Army, for Strategic Landpower, and for the Joint Force. It's about the challenges as well as the opportunities that this presents. "We will work towards some technologies that we think can enable mission success in this environment, Felix continued. "We have infused them in

the game so that in the game we will get different operational approaches, as well as what may be different formations that could emerge through different concepts through the investment of some gamechanger technologies that might enable these new operational approaches."

Bringing It Home With the return from deployment of US Armed Forces personnel to their home station bases within the continental United States and abroad, and budgetary constraints affecting travel for live exercises and other training at Combat Training Centers (CTCs), the DoD is placing more emphasis on Home Station training. To help create training environments, including those for urban operations, at each major base, the Army is beginning to provide two new network technologies. The first is the Army's Integrated Training Environment (ITE), which essentially serves as a means to link live, virtual and constructive training data elements together from different locations so that they can interact together in simulated battlefield training scenarios via the home base Mission Command System. This combined data can include information from MILES equipment at a live range, and virtual data from devices such as the Aviation Combined Arms Tactical Trainer (AVCATT) and Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT), with the Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation

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(JCATS) system as the primary constructive element to project a 2D image of the battlefield environment for home base command staff. The Combined Arms Center at Fort Leavenworth, KS, is working with TRADOC to further develop and implement the ITE. According to Lt. Col. Scott Gilman at the National Simulation Center at Fort Levenworth, ITE networks have already been fielded at seven Army bases, including six in the in the continental United States and one in South Korea, with the goal of connecting 18 sites in fiscal year 2017. Via the ITE network, various bases can link together to bring their training elements into joint training exercises, such as a ground-air scenario with aviators employing AVCATTs at Fort Rucker and soldiers at Fort Campbell participating through CCTTs at that base, for example. When the ITE version 2.0 is completed in two years, it will provide the capability to add gaming technology and scenarios into the ITE network, Gilman pointed out.

The second new technology is the TRADOC Training Brain Operations Center's (TBOC) Training Brain Repository, which will launch in August to help training exercise developers at home stations to create virtual environments for the exercises. The TBOC works to virtually replicate the latest kinds of diverse and unique combat environments that armed forces have been experiencing around the world so that they can be employed for training, leader development and education, along with concept and capabilities development. When the Repository launches in August, all of the environmentallyrelated information that the TBOC has gathered will be available to home base training exercise developers via the ITE network. This data includes training scenarios developed by other commands and units, as well as terrain databases and other elements that make up such a virtual exercise environment. "So this summer, it will be possible for exercise designers to obtain and integrate into the exercise such things as

graphics that they won't have to create," said Tony Cerri, Director of the TBOC Data Transformation Lab. "All of the start data that would normally be done by dozens of base personnel will not have to be created to develop that exercise environment. Designers will be able to pick up other people's scenarios as well instead of having to create one." The end goal of the Repository is to save home bases time and money in the development of virtual training exercises, Cerri said. The Army is trying to reduce the month it takes to do exercise preparation to just hours, he reported. "The Repository approach also cuts back on the number of people that are required to develop a training exercise, which are costly but also time-consuming," Cerri summed up. "So with this approach we can save a lot of time. Now that units are having to do their own design and find all of the elements to put a training exercise together, the Training Brain Repository is hopefully going to help them to do this at Home Station." mst

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M S & T M AGA Z INE 2 . 2 0 1 4

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Policy

Foreign Military Sales Group Editor Marty Kauchak reports on the latest trends and developments in the US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) program.

here has been a steady growth in overseas military customers looking to go down the FMS path to obtain US weapons platforms and weapons systems. Simulation and training devices and systems, and services are commonly procured through an FMS contract, or to a lesser extent through separate, direct commercial sales (DCS). S&T products and services round out the logistical life cycle of materiel bought by foreign military services. As exports of US military hardware sold to foreign military services increase, the number of regulations, organizations with oversight and other tenets of the FMS program frame a daunting process for both industry suppliers and overseas customers. Some relief is on the program’s horizon. In a significant trend, the Pentagon is increasingly helping its industry counterparts traverse the bureaucratic obstacles of the FMS process to meet the requirements of the overseas end user, conform to myriad US government laws and policies, and still make a reasonable profit.

FMS Activity Snapshot FMS programs are an expanding part of US S&T company portfolios in an era of lagging sales at home. CAE, one representative company, is experiencing a burgeoning number of FMS sales to customers around the globe. Most recently the company has expanded its presence in the Middle East with FMS contracts to support the Kuwait Air Force’s KC-130J fleet. 32

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

CAE, through a US Navy FMS contract, will deliver a full-mission simulator for that service’s KC-130J aircrew training system. Concurrently, the company remains on contract through a US Army Corps of Engineers’ FMS award to construct a training facility for the Kuwait Air Force at Al Mubarak Air Base, Kuwait. The twobay training facility will house the KC130J full mission simulator that CAE is under contract to deliver to that service. Over in the Pacific region, CAE will provide two tactical operational flight trainers to the Royal Australian Navy as part of the service’s procurement of MH60Rs through a US Navy FMS contract. Chris Stellwag, the company’s spokesperson for military programs, told MS&T that CAE “is also building an MH-60R avionics maintenance trainer/weapons load trainer for the Royal Australian Navy.” CAE will deliver the RAN MH-60R training devices in 2015. As this issue was published, CAE and its Taiwan Air Force customer

Two Royal Australian Navy MH-60R maintenance technicians train on a US Navy MH-60R avionics maintenance trainer at Naval Air Station Jacksonville while the RAN's own training devices are in development at CAE. Image credit: CAE.

expected to declare a P-3C operational flight trainer delivered under a US Navy FMS contract as ready for training. A P-3C weapons tactics trainer will be delivered to that service later this year. CAE’s FMS strategy includes promoting its integrated products, services and significantly, centers, internationally. “While we will sell a product or service, what we are now promoting at the highest level is the ‘complete, integrated bundle’ – including a turnkey training center,” Ray Duquette, CAE USA’s president and general manager, added.

FMS vs. Direct Commercial Sales Paths Both FMS and DCS are useful approaches to deliver S&T products and services to the overseas customer. Each business model has advantages and disadvantages. Dean Queathem, Boeing’s manager of business development for Training Systems and Government Services, pointed out that DCS usually involve more contact with the end user compared to sales with the US Department of Defense as an intermediary. “On the other hand, foreign military sales typically have the US government (USG) handling matters related to export control, so that piece of the puzzle is easier in those scenarios,” he added. Boeing is reported to be amenable to both FMS and DCS approaches, depending on customer needs and preferences. “We keep an open dialogue with our end user customers and the Department of Defense to ensure that all needs are met and that we can sat-

isfy the end user in a timely manner,” Queathem concluded. L-3 Link is another US S&T community member with a heritage of supplying systems and services to overseas customers. Sean Clark, the company’s director for international business development, correlated the experience level and knowledge of the customer’s acquisition corps as contributing to the probability that an S&T sale will occur under the FMS program or as a direct sale. In one instance Clark noted L-3 Link’s S&T support of Switzerland’s 34 Boeing F/A18 C/Ds was on direct sale. “We have typically done direct, commercial deals [with the Swiss] because they have a well-established acquisition corps that doesn’t necessarily need the US government assistance provided by procuring through the FMS process,” Clark noted. However, beyond the Swiss F/A-18 program and other direct sales, L-3 Link has delivered the majority of its S&T products through FMS agreements, particularly when USG support is required and requested by the procuring country. The most recent FMS delivery by L-3 Link was the F-16 training system for the Royal Moroccan Air Force. CAE USA is receptive to selling its S&T solutions through the FMS process as opposed to a direct commercial sale to the overseas nation. The company’s Duquette pointed out that under FMS, “it is less risky for a US company when you have the US government behind it.” He further explained during the 2013 I/ITSEC that as CAE promotes its solution through FMS, the information is brought to the

attention of the case manager at the US services’ acquisition commands. “We are also telling the Defense Security Cooperation Agency and embassies what we are doing,” he added. However in an effort to be responsive to the international military end user CAE will also sell its S&T solutions to the service under DCS, if necessary. One DoD perspective on FMS versus DCS acquisition strategies was obtained from Dale Whittaker, PEO STRI’s program manager for FMS. Whittaker, during his discussion with MS&T last December, described the advantages of pursuing an FMS purchase. “PEO STRI takes a ‘total package approach’ on FMS purchases. This approach considers the total life cycle costs of deliveries to include providing US Army training, spares, and any future maintenance or operational support,” he said.

“Not a Marketing Vehicle” The presence of Whittaker and his counterparts from Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD) and the US Air Force Simulator Division at the 2013 I/ITSEC panel discussion Doing Business Globally is a further indication of increased transparency and greater cooperation between the Pentagon and industry in the FMS process. While DoD training acquisition officials dismissed the notion that they are proponents for S&T sales to overseas markets, they nonetheless pointed out the support they can provide their industry counterparts. Whittaker noted that PEO STRI helps US S&T industry members sell services

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

Policy and products which are in the command’s portfolio to international customers through the FMS process. “PEO STRI may be thought of as a ‘soup-to-nuts’ resource in supporting an S&T company’s navigation through the FMS process and working with customer organizations to better understand the FMS process and secure an agreement.” The PEO STRI official remarked that his command and its counterpart organizations in the other services, can help the international customer and S&T company work with Department of State (DoS) and other actors in the FMS process. Whittaker continued, “This partnering provides benefits in the myriad of administrative processes involved with sales of products internationally, but more importantly it builds partnering between US and foreign militaries, not only ensuring technical capabilities but building working relationships within the partnering services.” The Orlando-based, government S&T subject matter expert also emphasized that PEO STRI “while not a marketing vehicle for US S&T products,” does work closely with both industry and partner nations to clarify requirements and provide US Army oversight and alike products to its partners around the globe.

Lessons Learned At the end of the day, both S&T industry and military team members want to make the FMS process more efficient and effective – and with good reason. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency, the services’ executive agents for S&T, the DoS and other organizations are among the actors involved in a sale of an S&T product or service to an overseas military force. The number of organizations and their bureaucratic, legal and other responsibilities for security, export control and a dizzying array of other requirements translate into a lengthy – often 18-24 month – procurement process. First, the bad news: there does not appear to be any effort in the USG to decrease the oft-criticized lengthy, FMS acquisition timeline – from notification of a procurement request until a system is delivered and declared ready for training. At issue are the thorny policy areas 34

of export controls, and the protection of classified data and other material. Absent any efforts by the Obama administration to loosen the current standards and guidelines in these oversight areas for S&T products and services, current FMS acquisition timelines are not expected to change in the near future. Aida Matta, the acting director of International Programs at Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD), placed this reality in perspective, emphasizing that companies must be patient with the existing FMS process. “Landing FMS work usually takes months, if not years, following the receipt of a requirement. One must not count on getting work in the current year – it may take a year or more for a requirement to mature into an acquisition. Many requirements received are for the purpose of budget submissions for out-years.” Yet, on the plus side, there are other opportunities for companies to improve their competiveness and performance in this market space. In one instance Matta reminded industry that it isn't necessary to provide detail data in the form of specifications, statements of work or cost estimates in the process. “Usually it is sufficient to provide estimates based on prior work and experience with the type of system being requested.” The Orlando-based acquisition official also cautioned companies that it is important not to underestimate the cost of delivering a system or service, adding “System and service requirements which aren't clearly defined normally become more complex as the process develops.” Networking and getting a company’s product known is critical to entering and/or remaining competitive in the FMS process Matta told MS&T, and said even when the product or service has a “directed source” there are opportunities for subcontracting. “International marketing has brought success to many companies. It isn't necessary to have a dedicated marketing department within one's company, there are consultants with experience with the FMS process, and there are foreign agents within many countries who understand the FMS process,” Matta concluded. mst

The most recent FMS delivery by L-3 Link was the F-16 training system for the Royal Moroccan Air Force. Image credit: L-3 Link.

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

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Conference Report

Military Flight Training 2014 MS&T’s Dim Jones reports on this annual conference addressing military flight training issues.

he 13th annual Defence IQ Military Flight Training conference took place in London between 25th and 27th March 2014, the format being a ‘focus day’, concentrating on future fixed- and rotary-wing flying training, followed by 2 main conference days with a more wide-ranging programme. The conference chairman, Lt Gen (Ret’d) Douglas Owens, former ViceCommander of USAF Air Education and Training Command, observed MFT is, if not already the premier forum of its type worldwide, rapidly developing into it. This observation, unusual in itself regarding any event outside the US, was amply supported by an attendance of over 230 delegates, representing 35 nations from every continent. Indeed, the conference became a victim of its own success with the focus day attendance vastly exceeding expectation, and forcing a potentially disastrous change of venue that was rescued – just – by an interesting and relevant agenda. The delegate body was a balanced mix of military and industry, thus underscoring a repeated theme of the need for partnership, in an era of shrinking forces and resources but little apparent reduction in commitments. The ‘green shoots of economic recovery’ – or of national travel budgets at any rate - were reflected by the presence of home-based delegates from the various nations, rather than UK-based representatives, and

M S & T M A G A Z I NE 2 . 2 0 1 4

the wide-ranging and interesting programme featured speakers from the UK, the US, Canada, Australia, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, France, Belgium, Algeria, Bahrain, Ghana, Turkey and South Korea. Moreover, the spectrum of seniority of these presenters ran from the 3-Star commander of the RCAF to a Turkish Air Force 1st Lieutenant, but they were all SMEs in their own environments. As an aside, I never cease to admire the bravery of speakers prepared to deliver complex presentations to an august gathering in what may very well not even be their second languages. The inevitable spotlight – if for no better reason than its sheer size and value – was on the US T-X (T-38 replacement) programme (of which more elsewhere in this issue). This was saved from being an update on last year’s status, with no real progress to report, by the recent US DoD FY15 budget announcements, providing $600m of funding over the next 5 years. Although the requirements and acquisition strategy are still being developed, and an IOC of FY23 with progressive replacement of T-38 until FY29 can scarcely be described as imminent, it has allowed for the planting of some milestones, and lent the whole programme a sense of focus. Also of note is the inclusion of an Air Combat Command slice of the budget, acknowledging the need to replace T-38 in roles other than pure flying training, such as adversary air.

Returning to the theme of partnership, the need for nations with small flying training requirements to cost-share where possible was reinforced by the continuation of Euro-NATO Joint Jet Pilot Training (ENJJPT) at Sheppard AFB in the US, the proposed European collaborative programme having withered on the vine. Belgium and France have a joint programme on the AlphaJet at Casaux, and Turkey has set up a regional programme. There is a similar aspiration in Ghana for the nations of the Gulf of Guinea sub-region. Laudable as the aim may be, the differing national requirements of the participants generally render these enterprises less than straightforward. Another major topic of discussion was the need to upgrade analogue helicopter trainers to reflect a glass cockpit front line, and the perennial quest for the optimum mix of synthetic to live training to satisfy the conflicting requirements of operational security, training airspace, adversary aircraft availability, the environment, aircrew aspirations and retention and – last, but certainly not least – budget. Maximising the potential value of the ‘V’ and ‘C’ elements was recognised as an essential, but so also the need to network ST assets, and to have interoperability and connectivity built into the requirements, and not as ‘niceto-haves’ which can be recognised as a cost-delta and stripped out by the ‘beancounters’. Lastly, a recurring theme was the need to reduce the cost of training wastage through improved selection, retention, instruction and curriculum. At one end of the scale is the US, with its requirements for thousands of aircrew; at the other, nations like Switzerland, with an annual requirement of 14 pilots, an estimated suitability of 2 per million of the populace, and a total population of 7 million. Not much room for error there. In sum, this was a well-attended event, providing a wide-ranging and interesting agenda and exceptional world-wide networking opportunities for those who specialise in this increasingly important – but oft-neglected – aspect of military capability. The success of MFT 2014 augurs well for the future of this event. mst

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World News & Analysis

Seen&Heard A compendium of current news from the military simulation and training industry, compiled and edited by news editor Fiona Greenyer and the MS&T editorial team. For the latest breaking news and in-depth reports go to www.halldale.com.

TRAINING SERVICES

TRAINING DEVICE

Combat Training Systems

P-8A Operational Flight Trainers Boeing has ordered simulator hardware for six additional P-8A Poseidon operational flight trainers (OFTs) and five additional P-8A Aircraft equipment Desktop Environment (AeDTEs) trainers for the United States Navy from CAE. The company will manufacture the P-8A simulators and a suite of P-8A (AeDTE) trainers, which will be used as role playing stations during training of P-8A aircrews. TRAINING SUPPORT

Joint Staff Support Recompete Contract Saab Training & Simulation has received an order from the Finnish Defence Force for combat training systems that will supply regiments. The order also includes support for seven years starting 2014. The value of the order amounts to approximately SEK 360 million. The contract will

supply the Finnish army with anti-tank simulators, vehicle simulators and systems for Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT). The simulators include the new laser standard OSAG 2. The contract also includes mid-life upgrade of the Finnish combat training centre, KASI system.

TRAINING DEVICE

Escape Trainers for Puma & Merlin Helicopters Training in embarking, disembarkation and escape drills on the Puma and Merlin helicopter is to be provided on two simulators to be provided by Lutra Associates, in partnership with Oxford Specialist Coachbuilders. This ÂŁ200,000 plus contract has been placed by the UK MOD's Defence Equipment and Support Commercial team at Army HQ following a competitive tender. The two units, which will be housed in modified ISO containers, have been designed to be easily moved to wherever 38

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

the training is required. This will result in the Joint Helicopter Command and the Royal Air Force saving money and being able to re-allocate aircraft to more operational uses whilst at the same time providing improved skill levels for the troops being trained. Delivery will be undertaken by a team of Lutra's own associates and Oxford Specialist Coachbuilders Ltd. The solution includes modifying and customising standard ISO containers based on a model used by OSC to provide solutions for temporary learning environments.

The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division has selected MYMIC LLC to provide modeling, simulation and unique information technology support services to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) J8. The three year contract is potentially valued at $8.9 million if both option years are fully executed. The J8 supports the JCS in providing for the strategic direction, strategic planning, contingency planning, and the preparedness of the Armed Forces. The J8 conducts studies and assessment to ensure the JCS receives and provides the best military advice on Departmental Force Structure and Resource Issues. In addition, J8 provides analytic, strategic, technical, managerial, and administrative support. The MYMIC Team, under the leadership of Ms. Julia Brandt, vice president of Technical Services for MYMIC LLC, includes Northrop Grumman Information Systems, Inc., iMPLEMENT LLC, and Chamberlain Consulting LLC.

COMPANY NEWS

FORUM

Quality Mark for Simulation Experts

Training and Education 2025 Industry Forum

A Devon, UK company that creates 'virtual' simulation packages for land, sea and air training has achieved an internationally recognised quality mark. Selective Fidelity Simulation has been awarded the ISO 9001:2008 by QAS International (Quality Management Systems) for its design, manufacture and installation of equipment for synthetic training. Stirling Paatz, managing director of SFS, said its products helped military and civilian organisations train personnel in a safe environment. "Our object is to make this equipment affordable and widely accessible," he said. "We work with the client to develop the product, which is cost-effective, industrial-grade simulation." It took the company just over a year to obtain certification. SFS will undergo continuous checks to ensure it adheres to the standards and delivers continued improvement and business performance. CURRICULUM

Reinventing Medical Training A small Israel Defense Forces (IDF) unit is reinventing medical training in the Israeli military by developing an interactive curriculum for IDF medics. The unit is replacing textbooks with movie clips and scanable barcodes that provide access to interactive content online. Lieutenant Eliran Peled, a commander in the IDF’s Medical Corps, created the training program with an emphasis on creative, out-of-the-box thinking. With the help of other commanders, Peled collected advanced medical training materials and pooled them together into a YouTube channel. The unit’s videos are filled with lessons and explanations on a variety of medical topics. The materials are highly accessible, clear and up-to-date, and almost all feature a short recap and quiz. The interactive training school also uses computer games that simulate medical emergencies in real-time. The games require soldiers to determine which tools to use, how much time to spend on procedures and how best to evacuate victims in battle. At the end of the simulation, trainees receive an evaluation report and feedback from their commanders, including an analysis of all their decisions and procedures throughout the game.

The US Army’s Combined Arms Center – Training (CAC-T) will hold a Training and Education 2025 Industry Forum at Fort Eustis, VA, on June 18-19, 2014 to inform industry partners of Army training and education gaps, and discuss training and education capabilities for the Army of 2025 and beyond. The forum will feature a speech by CAC-T Deputy Commanding General - Training Brig. Gen. Joseph M. Martin, opportunities to meet one-on-one with TRADOC Capability Managers for training, and panel presentations on: • The Future Holistic Training Environment – covering the current status of the Army's Integrated Training Environment and the future merging of environments to provide simpler, lowoverhead, easily accessible and higher-fidelity training. • Future Army Training and Education Capabilities – covering the future of Army training and education and the Army Learning Model and Distributed Learning. • Network Integration Evaluations Opportunities and Trainability – covering training gaps; opportunities available during upcoming Network Integration Evaluations; and ways industry can help the Army deliver advanced systems that will be more intuitive for Soldiers to operate, and require less effort to learn, use and sustain.

Engineering Innovation

COMPANY NEWS

MASA Group and Systematic Broaden Partnership MASA Group and Danish software systems integrator Systematic have entered a strategic partnership to further develop and demonstrate their integrated Simulation-Command and Control solution for the military and civil security markets. The C2 Classroom offers Course of Action (CoA) analysis, wargaming practice, simulation support in doctrine development and C2 training. Mission rehearsal capabilities let trainees create a tactical plan and receive feedback on operational developments, enemy positioning, analysis and reports. It is a scalable solution that can be run on either a laptop or in a full-scale serverbased training center.

• • • • • • •

Training and Simulation Hardware Containerised Training Systems Fastjet Cockpit Mock-ups Fuselage Training Devices Maintenance Training Systems Part Task Training Devices Underwater Escape Training Devices

SEE US AT ITEC

www.dytecna.com MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

World News & Analysis

SHORT FINALS

TRAINING AIRCRAFT

EDUCATION

General Dynamics C4 Systems and Alenia Aermacchi have added supplier CAE to its Team T-100 that will compete for the US Air Force’s T-X trainer program. Team T-100 will offer a cost-effective, off-the-shelf integrated training system to replace ageing T-38 trainer jets and related training systems. General Dynamics C4 Systems will serve as the prime contractor. Together, Team T-100 will offer a fully integrated advanced pilot training system built around the Alenia Aermacchi T-100 Integrated Training System, a market variant of the company’s established M-346 military aircraft trainer and system. As the prime contractor, General Dynamics C4 Systems will bring its experience in systems integration and sub-contract management to deliver an Advanced Pilot Training (APT) Family of Systems (FoS) consisting of aircraft, flight simulation devices, multimedia classrooms and logistics support.

Aviation Degree Programs Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University – Worldwide has won a Department of Defense contract, commonly referred to as the CENTCOM Education contract, to provide undergraduate and graduate degree programs to US Army, Navy and Air Force service members and civilians on US military installations within the Central and Africa Commands (CENTCOM/AFRICOM). The contract is for three years, one base year with two ‘option’ years. COMPANY NEWS

Business Development Agreement Barco has entered into a collaborative business development agreement with South Korea-based Inno Simulation, which Barco believes will build its presence in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region. Barco’s Training and Simulation group, part of its Defense, Avionics and Training (DAT) business unit, will lead the efforts. The two companies recently worked together on the Korean Aerospace Industries FA-50 trainer program. ATC TRAINING

US Army Accreditation Adacel's multi-function Air Traffic Control (ATC) simulator that was selected as the US Army ATC Common Simulator (ACS) program’s system of choice has been officially accredited for training by the Army. The ACS program will provide a singlesimulation air traffic control baseline that will be supplied by Adacel for all Army and Guard units to train on both at home and when deployed. Each simulator can support two operator positions simultaneously and can be connected for collective tower and radar training scenarios. SOFTWARE

Joint Development Effort TrianGraphics GmbH is developing its database generation system Trian3DBuilder in cooperation with Rheinmetall Defence Electronics for the DISI Xtreme image generator. Trian3DBuilder is forming the core of DBGS Xtreme, the database generation system of Rheinmetall's image generator DISI Xtreme. The image generator builds a high-end real-time visual system with a comprehensive range of customized extensions and features including procedural terrain and streaming of all static and dynamic objects and textures for large and detailed databases. TRAINING DEVICE

Spatial Disorientation Trainer Environmental Tectonics Corporation’s (ETC) Aircrew Training Systems (ATS) division has been selected by the US Army Contracting Command to provide the Colombian Air Force (FAC) with a spatial disorientation flight simulator. The GYRO IPT II (Integrated Physiological Trainer) will help FAC pilots recognize in-flight conditions that contribute to spatial disorientation and how to fly to a successful resolution. The new system will be installed at the FAC Aerospace Medicine Center (CEMAE) in Bogotá, Colombia, next spring. ETC's GYRO IPT II gives pilots a hands-on, full-motion, spatial-disorientation flight training experience. 40

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

CAE Joins Team T-100

SYSTEM UPGRADE

PROTEUS Simulator Infrastructure Kongsberg has won a contract to upgrade the Royal Norwegian Navy’s (RNoN) Proteus simulator infrastructure. The contract scope includes infrastructure upgrades and migration to a common Proteus simulation core for all the RNoN’s Kongsberg delivered simulators, new visual image generation, a generic HLA evolved interface enabling further simulator participation in joint collaborative exercises and a new Proteus map centric instructor station. The contract is worth 49 MNOK (almost US$8.2M) and will be delivered to the RNoN training establishment KNM Tordenskjold at Haakonsvern naval base in 2016. TRAINING SERVICES

Cobham to Support Royal Saudi Air Force Training Cobham has been awarded a 30 month contract by BAE Systems to provide air support to operational readiness training for the Royal Saudi Air Force. The contract is part of the Saudi British Defence Cooperation Programme and will run from 2014 to 2016. Cobham's specialist technology and know-how is used to provide training to service personnel operating platforms, including the Typhoon, Tornado and Type 45 Destroyer. Cobham Aviation Services supports training in the United Kingdom and a number of Ministry of Defence's overseas detachments in regions such as North America and the Middle East. TRAINING SERVICES

Defense Contracts CAE has won a series of contracts valued at more than C$140 million to provide a range of training systems and services for global defence customers. These include four P-8A simulators sold to Boeing for the United States Navy, a contract to provide an SW4 helicopter simulator for the Polish Air Force, various contracts to provide the German Air Force with a range of training support services, and a contract to provide lifecycle support and maintenance services for PWN's AW139 simulator in Malaysia.

TRAINING AIRCRAFT

TRAINING SUPPORT

T-6C Trainers

British Army DFWES

Beechcraft Corporation has received an initial order from the Mexican Navy Secretaria de Marina (SEMAR) for two T-6C+ military trainers. This purchase represents the first step in modernizing the Mexican Navy's fixed-wing aviation fleet and follows a recent expansion of the Mexican Air Force training fleet to include 12 T-6C+ aircraft. The trainers are scheduled for delivery in the summer of 2014.

Saab and the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD) have signed a three year contract for support and service of the Direct Fire Weapon Effects Simulator System (DFWES), used by the British Army. The order amounts to MSEK 220. Since 1994, Saab has supplied and operationally supported the DFWES system which is designed to enable live collective Battle Group training in the UK, Canada and on a smaller scale in Germany. DFWES is an appended precision laser based tactical engagement system for vehicles/armour and anti-tank weapons in force-onforce exercises to simulate the effect of weapon engagements that enables realistic and challenging training.

COMPANY NEWS

Saab and Pilatus Enter MoU Saab and Pilatus have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that includes working together to

provide a PC-21 training solution for the Swedish Air Force, if it decides to replace its SK 60 fleet.

SIMULATION STANDARDS

New Resource for Distributed Simulations Worldwide The Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) has announced a new version of SISO-REF-010, Reference for Enumerations for Simulation Interoperability, for use by distributed simulation engineers and users worldwide. An enumeration is a meaning assigned to a numeric value used in constructive simulations. SISO-REF-010 provides a well-defined set of specific numerical values and associated definitions for those fields that are identified

as enumerations in SISO standards or in SISO-sponsored standards published by the IEEE Standards Association. Enumerations are fundamental for ensuring fair fight interaction principles between distributed simulations operated in the same room or across continents. SISO-REF-010 underwent a major reorganization to accommodate updated style guides and to support protocols for other than just Distributed Interactive Simulation, e.g. High

Level Architecture federations and the US Department of Defense's Test and Training Enabling Architecture exercises. Nearly 400 change requests were processed by the Enumerations Working Group to create this new version. There were also significant updates to SISOREF-010-01, the Operations Manual for the Enumerations Working wwGroup, which describes the processes used to create and vet change requests and additional information.

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

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I/ITSEC

InTErSErvICE/InduSTry TraInIng, SImulaTIon & EduCaTIon ConfErEnCE TRAINED AND MISSIoN READY: DETER • DEFEND • DEFEAT

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Albania • Algeria • Argentina • Australia • Austria • Bangladesh • Belgium • Brazil • Bulgaria Canada • Chad • Chile • China • Colombia • Costa Rica • Czech Republic • Canada • Denmark Ecuador • Egypt • El Salvador • Estonia • Finland • France • Georgia • Germany • Ghana • Great Britain • Greece • Hong Kong • India • Indonesia • Ireland • Israel • Italy • Jamaica • Japan • Jordan Kuwait • Lebanon • Libya • Lithuania • Malaysia • Mexico • Morocco • Netherlands • New Zealand Nigeria • Norway • Pakistan • Papua New Guinea • Peru • Philippines • Poland • Romania • Russia Saudi Arabia • Singapore • Slovakia • South Africa • South Korea • Spain • Sri Lanka • Sweden Switzerland • Taiwan • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • United Arab Emirates • United Kingdom • Uruguay • Yemen w w w. i i T s e c. o r g u d e c e m b e r 1 - 4 , 2 0 1 4 u o r l a n d o, F l o r i d a

TRAINER AIRCRAFT

First M-346 Trainer for Israel The first M-346 advanced trainer for the Israeli Air & Space Force has been rolled out by Alenia Aermacchi. In July 2012, Alenia Aermacchi was awarded a contract from the Israeli Ministry of Defence (IMOD) to supply 30 M-346 advanced jet trainer aircraft, to replace the TA-4 Skyhawk currently operated by the IAF, to include ground based training systems in collaboration with other Israeli and International companies. The delivery of the first M-346 is scheduled for summer 2014. The M-346 has also been recently ordered by Poland, which becomes the fourth customer of the aircraft after Italy, Singapore and Israel. A total of 56 M-346 have been ordered so far. The aircraft is already in service with the Italian and the Republic of Singapore Air Forces. TRAINING SERVICES

SOFTWARE

C4ISR Training Contract

Building 3D Training

The US Navy Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) has awarded ManTech International Corporation a prime contract to provide training products and services to SSC Pacific's Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Training Development and Support Center (TDSC). The contract has a potential value of $33.6 million if all options are exercised.

ManTech will provide TDSC training analysis, development, implementation and training delivery in instructor-led, computer-based, web-based and virtualized system technologies. It will send training teams to Navy ships and activities worldwide as required and continue to advance the state of training technologies used to deliver training to Department of Defense personnel. ManTech is one of four awardees that will compete for task orders under this contract.

Modest Tree's 3D interactive training product, Modest3D, will be used by the Canadian military to enhance their training. The Canadian Defence Academy together with the Canadian Army, Navy and Air Force will be using the software to create 3D content and evaluating the potential for DND wide application on their Defence Learning Network. Modest3D empowers subject matter experts and instructional designers to create interactive 3D lessons.

indefinite quantity multiple award contract. Under the direction of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC) Division Newport, Northrop Grumman will provide designs, prototypes and products for new and updated training systems. The company will also con-

duct system analysis and development, technology refresh, product assurance and performance evaluation. The training capabilities will be used to prepare sailors for important operations such as navigation, sensor control and weapons launching.

TASK ORDER

Naval Training Systems The US Navy has selected Northrop Grumman Corporation to continue development and improvement of combat systems trainers with a task order valued up to $33 million, if all options are exercised. The task order was awarded under the SeaPort-e indefinite delivery, ACQUISITION

TRAINING SYSTEM

Cubic Acquires Intific

Moroccan P5CTS

Cubic Corporation has acquired Intific Inc., a Texas-based technology company focused on software and game-based solutions in modeling and simulation, training, education, cyber warfare and neuroscience. Intific will become part of the Cubic Defense Systems segment involved in live, virtual and game-based training solutions. Intific completed 2013 with approximately $14 million in revenue. The acquisition enables Cubic to broaden its presence in a variety of adja-

cent businesses in the cyber security, next generation defense technologies including game based learning solutions, and transportation related training applications. Intific brings a wide range of expertise to Cubic including computer simulation, animation, human-machine interaction and robotics. Intific's core software and gaming competencies are aimed at the creation of simulations for planning, operation rehearsal, location familiarization, and decision making.

Cubic Defense Systems has been awarded a $5 million contract from the US Air Force to supply its P5 Combat Training System (P5CTS) to the Moroccan Air Force. Morocco will join the US Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps, along with a number of other international air forces, in using the P5CTS to support high-fidelity, TOPGUN-style live and post-mission training. The P5CTS will be used by Moroccan pilots who fly the recently-delivered F-16 aircraft. MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

World News & Analysis

TRAINING SERVICES

QinetiQ North America Joins Saudi Arabia Aviation Support Team

Modular Approach

QinetiQ North America (QNA) has joined a team of industry partners in aviation sustainment, training and operations to offer solutions for the Saudi Arabia Ministry of National Guard’s (MNG) Integrated Maintenance Support Services (IMSS) contract. The combined team under the leadership of North-

rop Grumman Corporation consists of joint venture companies Vinnell Arabia and Northrop Grumman Aviation Arabia along with AAR, Inc.; DS2, a wholly owned subsidiary of PAE; and QNA. Potential QNA initiatives include performing maintenance, logistics and other air and ground vehicle training tasks.

PILOT TRAINING

F35 Ship Integration Trials Landing fixed wing aircraft on aircraft carriers could be revolutionised thanks to a recent piloted flight simulation trial. UK and US partners on the F35 programme used BAE Systems’ F35 simulation facility at Warton to test new concepts for landing. BAE Systems has been actively involved in the design of the Shipborne Rolling Vertical Landing (SRVL) manoeuvre being developed for the UK MOD when the F35B Lightning II Short Take-off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) aircraft and the new Queen Elizabeth Class (QEC) aircraft carriers come into operational service. The SRVL manoeuvre provides enhanced ‘bring back’ meaning the aircraft is capable of bringing back more payload i.e. weapons and fuel over vertical landings owing to the wing lift created by forward airspeed at touchdown. Joint research efforts on both sides of the Atlantic have developed enhanced aircraft flight controls and displays which are applicable to both the F35C Carrier Variant arrested recovery and the F35B STOVL variant SRVL recovery to the aircraft carrier. The recent flight simulation trials at Warton tested these enhanced control law modes for F35C arrested recoveries to a Nimitz class carrier and gained positive feedback from the US Navy and F35 test pilots involved in the trial. James Denham, Aeromechanics division at the US Naval Air Systems Command, said: “During this trial we’ve identified improvements to deliver more accurate touchdowns, less bolters and reduced pilot training. Ultimately, what we’ve been able to test in this simulated environment allows us to inform future Concepts of Operation.” TRAINING SERVICES

Providing Training Support CACI International Inc. is one of four companies competitively awarded a multiple-award blanket purchase agreement (BPA), with a total estimated value of $408 million, if all options are exercised, to provide training support for the Department of Defense’s Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization (JIEDDO). Under the terms of the award made by the General Services Administration (GSA) Federal Systems Integration and Management Center (FEDSIM), CACI will provide individual, collective, and unit CounterImprovised Explosive Device (C-IED) training and training-related support for the Joint Center of Excellence’s (JCOE) 44

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

Joint Counter IED Integration Training Program (JCITP). The JCOE is JIEDDO’s lead organization for the train-the-force line of operation and is responsible for development of training capabilities that enable the services’ and combatant commanders’ mission of preparing US forces to defeat the IED threat as a weapon of strategic influence. It facilitates individual, collective, and unit C-IED training, enables the development and use of new tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP), and offers a venue for training and support for the experimentation and testing of emerging C-IED equipment and concepts.

The recently launched airborne surveillance training firm, Aero Training, is offering customers a brand new modular approach to instruction. Comprehensive, structured and targeted, the new training programme covers all aspects of operating airborne EO/IR surveillance systems and is available for both rotary and fixed wing assets. This new approach allows each course to be tailored to the unique requirements of individual customers with training modules available for all aspects of operations - from the basic camera theory to the operational employment of the asset. PILOT TRAINING

ECS to Assist Academic Researchers The US Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL) Initiative has selected Engineering & Computer Simulations (ECS) to lead a team of industry and academic researchers in an effort that supports the ADL's Personalized Assistant for Learning (PAL) architecture research. The effort, Personalized Ubiquitous Learning System with Adaptive Response (PULSAR), will be prototyped and integrated into the US Department of Defense's overall vision for PAL. PULSAR resides on a number of computing platforms typical users will interact with, such as their PCs, mobile phones and tablets. The program monitors a user's interactions to identify relevant and appropriate learning interventions that are aligned with the overall context of the user's needs. PULSAR uses artificial intelligence to detect "teachable moments" followed by recommendations and guidance for furthering the user's learning goals, and does it while delivering the most effective learning interventions for the situation at hand, such as assessments, webbased courses, checklists and short explanations, serious games (single and multiplayer), documents from digital libraries, mobile learning applications, threads in social networks, and mentors or colleagues whose online presence is known to PULSAR.

TRAINING DEVICE

Victrix Simulators for Spanish Army

P-8A Maintenance Training

The Spanish Ministry of Defence has awarded Indra a contract to provide seven new Victrix shooting simulators that will be installed at various Army barracks and bases. The systems, which will be delivered throughout the year, will be combined with actual training to help improve soldier preparedness. The systems have been developed at

Indra's Centre of Excellence in León and will join 15 other simulators that Indra delivered to the Army in previous years. The simulators include the improvements that have been developed for the Army, including the simulation of the new combat firearm, equipment consumption optimisation and the addition of new exercises.

AIRCREW TRAINING

Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Training SSE has won the Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance (MPR) Aircrew Training Systems (ATS) Curriculum Revision and Maintenance (R&M) Contract from the US Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division (NAWCTSD). The $10.3 million, four year contract is the first task order awarded to SSE under the NAWCTSD indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity (IDIQ) Training Data Products Contract (TDPC). This effort is to provide

training support of the US Navy MPR Fleet Replacement Squadron (FRS) and Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Weapons School (MPRWS) training programs, including Reserve and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) training support. The work will focus on the Lockheed P-3 family of aircraft and the Boeing P-8 Poseidon aircraft and weapons system and will be performed at Naval Air Station (NAS) Jacksonville, Florida.

Boeing will broaden its support for the US Navy’s fleet of Boeing P-8A Poseidon maritime surveillance aircraft through a new order for maintenance simulators. The Navy ordered six virtual trainers, one ordnance load trainer and 14 hardwarebased devices to train P-8A maintenance personnel at Naval Air Station Jacksonville starting in 2016. The virtual maintenance training devices provide interactive, high-fidelity simulations based on actual mission systems software, while the hardware-based trainers are full-scale replicas of aircraft components. Boeing previously delivered several aircrew training devices for the P-8A, which is based on the Next-Generation Boeing 737-800 commercial aircraft. The Navy plans to purchase 117 to replace its fleet of P-3 aircraft, and Boeing has delivered 13 to date. TRAINING SUPPORT

Marine Corps New Contract Serco Inc. has been awarded a new contract worth $13 million to provide training support to the US Marine Corps (USMC). The Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Training Systems Support contract has a one-year base period and one six-month option period valued at nearly $18 million, if the option is exercised. Serco will support Combat Instructor School training, systems integrations and operations in a classroom and operations center environment in support of MAGTF Staff Training Program Division-sponsored and support events.

COMPANY NEWS

Orlando Mission Systems & Training Facility Expansion Lockheed Martin is expanding and investing $80 million in its Mission Systems and Training facility in Orlando that will bring up to 200 jobs focused on training and logistics advancements supporting the F-35, F-16 and F-15 aircraft programs. The company currently employs nearly 7,000 people in Orlando and is expanding the location as part of its corporation-wide consolidation.

Lockheed Martin’s Mission Systems and Training business provides surface, air and undersea applications on more than 460 programs for US military and international customers. “As one of Orlando’s largest employers, Lockheed Martin has put our region on the map as an international leader in aviation, aerospace and defense,” said Rick

Weddle, president and CEO of the Orlando Economic Development Commission. “We’re pleased to have Lockheed grow its Orlando presence not only because of its economic impact but also the difference that Lockheed’s employees make in our community through their dedication to furthering STEM education and preparing the workforce of the future.” MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

World News & Analysis

Calendar Simulation & training events organised by Halldale Group 22-24 August 2014 HEATT 2014 – Healthcare Education Assessment Training & Technology Rosen Shingle Creek Resort Orlando, Florida, USA www.halldale.com/heatt 23-24 September 2014 APATS 2014 – Asia Pacific Airline Training Symposium Centara Grand Convention Centre Bangkok, Thailand www.halldale.com/apats 28-29 October 2014 EATS 2014 – European Airline Training Symposium Estrel Hotel, Berlin, Germany www.halldale.com/eats 10-11 February 2015 AAETS 2015 – APATS Aviation Education & Training Symposium Hyatt Regency Hilton, Incheon, Republic of Korea www.halldale.com/aaets 21-23 April 2015 WATS 2015 – World Aviation Training Conference & Tradeshow Rosen Shingle Creek Resort Orlando, Florida, USA www.halldale.com/wats

Other simulation & training events 20-22 May 2014 ITEC 2014 Cologne, Germany www.itec.co.uk 4 June 2014 Keeping Simulators Current and Capable London, UK www.aerosociety.com/events 16-20 June 2014 2014 Eurosatory Paris, France www.eurosatory.com 22-23 September 2014 Military Flight Training London, UK www.militaryflight-training.com

MS&T MAGAZINE 2.2014

SOFTWARE

Virtual Reality Scene Generator MetaVR has released Virtual Reality Scene Generator™ (VRSG™) version 5.9 with a new urban geospecific training database of Kismayo, Somalia, and Scenario Editor version 1.1. A key feature of VRSG version 5.9 is MetaVR’s new high-resolution geospecific 3D terrain of the southern Somalia port city of Kismayo for supporting US Africa Command (AFRICOM) and NATO training. This new virtual 3D environment contains varied terrain representative of important training environments, from a built-up port to dense urban streets to a sparsely populated outer region that includes a commercial airport. The terrain is populated with hundreds of geographically specific culture models built from ground-level photographs taken on the streets of Kismayo. TRAINING SERVICES

Training LOI AgustaWestland and the Italian Air Force have signed a Letter of Intent aimed at further strengthening their already wellestablished cooperation through the future set up of joint training solutions. The partners intend to co-develop new capabilities to meet the future rotarywing training requirements by leveraging synergies between the AgustaWestland Training Organization based at its Frosinone plant, close to Rome, and the Italian Air Force 72nd Wing (72° Stormo). Through this cooperation, AgustaWestland will further expand the level of service in the training sector to meet the evolving requirements of the customer, while the Italian Air Force will enhance the level of training for its personnel through an innovative, effective strategy. The partners envisage the development of an integrated training solution based on the state-of-the-art AW139 light intermediate helicopter model, by which conversion training will be ensured to crews of both the Italian Air Force's HH123A/VH139, used for search and rescue and government transport duties respectively, and the HH-101A which will primarily be used for personnel recovery and special forces operations.

Index of Ads AgustaWestland www.agustawestland.com IFC Alenia Aermacchi www.aleniaaermacchi.it 21 BAE Systems www.baesystems.com 23 Bohemia Interactive www.bisimulations.com 24 & 25 CAE www.cae.com OBC Dytecna www.dytecna.com 39 Eurosatory 2014 www.eurosatory.com 30 Eversim www.eversim.com 41 FlightSafety International www.flightsafety.com 4 I/ITSEC 42 www.iitsec.org IET Institution of Engineering and Technology www.theiet.org 31 ITEC www.itec.co.uk/mst 28 L-3 Link Simulation & Training www.l-3com.com 11 Masa Group www.masagroup.net 9 MetaVR www.metavr.com 7 MS&T Magazine www.halldale.com/mst 37 QuantaDyn www.quantadyn.com IBC RAeS www.aerosociety.com 10 Raydon www.raydon.com 35 Rheinmetall Defence www.rheinmetall-defence.com/simulation 12 & 13 Ruag www.ruag.com 27 SAAB www.saabgroup.com 3 Thales www.thalesgroup.com 17 Theissen Training Systems www.theissentraining.com 29 TrianGraphics www.triangraphics.com 33

Advertising contacts Director of Sales & Marketing Jeremy Humphreys [t] +44 1252 532009 [e] jeremy@halldale.com Sales Representatives USA & Canada: Justin Grooms [t] 407 322 5605 [e] justin@halldale.com Europe, Middle East & Africa: Chris Richman [t] +44 1252 532007 [e] chrisrichman@halldale.com South America: Willem-Jan Derks [t] +1 954 406 4052 [e] willem@halldale.com

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focus Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s trueâ&#x20AC;Ś there is only one truly global company focused exclusively on modeling, simulation and training. We offer comprehensive training centres, services and products to customers looking to apply simulation to save money, enhance safety, improve efficiency and ensure mission readiness. From experts performing up-front training systems requirements analysis and training systems design, to our in-house manufacturing capability of the most advanced simulation equipment, to our unmatched ability to provide a full-range of training services, CAE has a unique Training Systems Integrator (TSI) capability. CAEâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s global presence, focus, experience and technology leadership all come together in our development of state-of-the-art ground-based training systems. A perfect example is our role partnering with Alenia Aermacchi to develop and deliver a world-class training system for the M-346 advanced lead-in fighter trainer. Now, we are proud to be part of the General Dynamics and Alenia Aermacchi team that will compete and offer the T-100 Integrated Training System to the U.S. Air Force. As defence forces around the world look to expand their use of synthetic training to reduce costs and enhance readiness, trust a company with the focus, experience and technology leadership in simulation and training to be your partner of choice.

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