WEEK FOUR:studio Scale! - scale is used to represent a larger object on a practical size ! - large to smaller size! • examples of what different scales are used for ! • 1:1 screw, bolts, handles ! • 1:5 structural joints ! • 1:10 walls, interiors! • 1:20 toilet ! • 1:100 whole building (overall structure)! • 1:1000 the buildings and surrounding areas!
Working Drawings of the Oval
Floor Plan (1:100 scale)
Wall details (1:50 scale)
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working drawings ! - two sets: architectural and engineering ! - labelled by:! - A: architectural ! - S: structural engineering ! - border defined by dotted lines ! - the surrounding areas and context are important for the construction process! - the schedule in the drawings shows every door, window and wall type used in the building!
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Drawings and finished building: links ! - the drawings seen in the studio are very similar to the building seen last week, the finishes on the elevations don’t differ much from the finishes seen on the actual building! - the structure and framework is all similar and identical to the drawings ! - the drawings give a very clear and accurate example of what the finished building will look like ! - this is evident as now i have seen both the drawings and physical structure ! - the structural drawings differ from the architectural ones as they focus more on the primary structure! - they focus on joins and framework of the building !
Joint details (1:5 scale) Drawings to real structure context (1:1000 scale) Oval pavilion
WEEK FOUR: studio Case Study: Oval Pavilion ! Example of title block: 1. Title Block ! - the type of information found in the title block includes the drawing title, drawing number, document status, orientation and specific project details/ authors ! The grid system used 2. Plans ! - the information shown on the first floor ground includes walls, external surroundings, interior structure, doors, windows, finishes and secondary structures ! - examples of the dimensions on the floor plan is the function room area is 172.7 metres squared and Symbol used to connect the ramp is 1:20! other drawings - there is a grid on the drawings that is much like a melways references, it uses numbers and letters ! How walls, windows and - the purpose of the legend in floors are labeled this drawings is to provide an explanation for all the symbols and code used ! - the annotated parts are those specific and unique to that drawing such as “new asphalt footpath” or “new sliding gates” ! - floor levels are noted by FFL (finished floor level) which is the Cloud symbol example level above sea level! - he elements have clouds drawn around them is to illustrate a physical change in the plans!
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3. Elevations! - the type of information shown in the elevations are the finished floor levels, the spot level and the finished ceiling levels, this differs from the floor plans as it shows how the building will physically appear, its a side, front or back view of the building ! - the dimension shown include the tool level (RL) and the finished floor level (FFL)! - by using the corresponding grid system you can link the elevation t the plan drawings and the section drawings! 4. sections ! -the section is a slice into the building, therefore it shows a cross-section of the rooms and building, the interior information is displayed as well as the primary, secondary and substructure (footings and foundations). This differs from the plans and elevations as it shows more detail and is a cut into the building ! - the elements that have been cut through are differentiated to the actual elements as they are bolded with a thick line ! - the section corresponds to the plan and elevation using the grid system as stated above ! 5. drawing details ! - the materials, finishes and types of doors, walls and windows are all detailed! - locations for these are found using the symbols that has the page number linking it to the drawing page and drawing number !
WEEK FOUR: learning loop Concrete (YouTube, 2014)! - components: cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water! - binds with water! - Provence: hydration occurs when water is added, too much concrete weak, to little too stiff and unworkable ! - process: fluid before set, formwork, has to be set and mould, temporary supports or mould! - sacrificial concrete is when the formwork stays ! - pre cast:made off site ! - in situ: made on site ! - wall formwork: spreaders to hold part and tiers which are bolts and hold formwork together, temporary braced in position ! - has to be set before formwork is taken away ! - during curing it has to be supported using props and braces! - concrete reaches 75% in 7 days and full strength in 28 days ! - various finishes: sand blazed, exposed aggregate, board markers, raked finished, bush hemmered, board and battered ! - reinforcement is crucial for today ! - strong in compression but weak in tension, steel added as its strong in tension ! - therefore good for compression and tension ! - also used to create fixed/ rigid joint ! - amount of reinforce adjusted for loads ! - increase a base if building ! - properties: common sense ! - considerations: not completely waterproof, need to provide coverage so reinforcement doesn't rust, oxidation
  Floor systems (Ching, 1975)
Pre-cast (YouTube, 2014)
In-stiu (YouTube, 2014)
- concrete that has been
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fabricated in a controlled environment then transported to site for construction! more standardised outcome and the quality control and issues associated can be motored better ! work at a much faster rate ! precast wall lifts through ! uses: associated with the structure of the building, needs to be supported in place until the remaining structure is finished ! rarely used in footing but used in retaining walls, walls systems and columns ! joints! 1. construction joints: joints naturally occur due to the nature of pre cast concrete ! 2. structural joints: joining the pre-cast elements to other parts of the structure ! sometimes one panel sits onto of another panel ! joints will greatly depend on the desired aesthetic outcome ! for visible great care has to be taken ! finishes: high level of quality due to the controlled environment ! careful not damaged by transport ! pre cast are limited in size due to transport limitations ! no site changes are difficult to accommodate
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liquid ! takes shape of form it is laid in ! worker directs concrete into formwork ! any concrete that has been poured not the formwork and cured on the building area ! process of formwork: reinforcement, pouring, vibration, curing ! starter bars: cast into slab, part of later walling system ! limited time before concrete is hardened and unworkable ! air bubbles removed through vibration, otherwise points of weakness! use floats to achieve flat finish ! in situ hardened to achieve good finish and quality ! uses: footings, retaining walls, non structural elements, slab ! sprayed into place: shot Crete, sticky, landscaping and swimming pools and basement walls ! joints: ! 1. construction joint: divide construction inyo smaller and more manageable areas! 2. control joint: ensured the big piece of concrete doesn't crack overtime, movement is controlled so it doesn't crack
Types: ! - concrete: cast in place, precast panels may be supported by beams ! - Steel: steel gems support steal decking, steel decking have short spans! - Wood: beams supported by load bearing walls, smaller spade joist, flexible in frame and shape
Lecture 4: MSD (Wardle, 2014)! - Architect John wardel gave a detailed presentation about the construction method, materials and systems that went into creating the new building
WEEK FOUR: References and Glossary   References:! Beams and Cantilevers. (2014) (1st ed.). Melbourne. Retrieved from https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ ENVS10003_2014_SM2/WEEK%2004/BEAMS%20AND%20CANTILEVERS.pdf! Ching, F. (1975). Building construction illustrated (5th ed., pp. 4.04-4.21). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.! Spans and Spaces. (2014) (1st ed.). Melbourne. Retrieved from https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/bbcswebdav/courses/ ENVS10003_2014_SM2/WEEK%2004/SPAN%20AND%20SPACING.pdf! Wardle, J. (2014). Melbourne School of Design. Lecture, The University of Melbourne.! YouTube,. (2014). Concrete. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1M19C25MLU&feature=youtu.be! YouTube,. (2014). Floor Systems. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?!
Key Terms (Ching, 1975)! - Joist: timber or steel beam that supports part of a strutter of a building, usually used in a flooring systems and is parallel to ceiling or flooring frames! - Steel Decking: a floring system used to support concrete or for insulation, it strengthens the floor system ! - Bearer: an element that holds weight or load ! - Girder: a steel beam used in framework for large buildings ! - Concrete:a material used in construction, it works best in compression and can be made in situ or pre cast and contains a number of finishes ! - Spacing: is the distance between a series of elemnts, in contraction generally linked with supporting elements such as beams and columns ! - Span: is the distance between two structural supports ! - Beam: structual element that runs horizontally ! - Cantilever: when a structural element is only supported at one end ! - Curing: the process of concrete drying and strengthening!
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WEEK FOUR: WORKSHOP   EQUIPMENT My got to use and experiment with a range of equipment in order to ilid our 1.5m long structure ! The equipment included:! - Hammar! - drill! - t-square ! - tape measure ! - Sore ! Our Group only used the hammer, tape measure and sore to create our structure !
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MATERIALS - Each group got given different type of timber they had to use to construct the structure ! - we were group 1 so got given 2 bits of plywood and two bits of pinewood varying in size and thickness ! - there were two types of nails we could use! - we chose to use the shorter nails as they had a bigger head and therefore would hold the timber together better, the longer nail with the shorter head could risk the nail slipping through the timber !
WEEK FOUR: WORKSHOP   PLANNING - spent a lot of time planning to come up with the best ideas where the point load distribution would be even ! - load paths really helped during the planning process as we were able to visualise the load distribution in the structure ! - used a method of bracing to distribute the point load! - we had to be aware of the natural faults in the wood as that casues weak spot in the timber structure ! - also we had to take into consideration how many nails we put into the structure as each nail causes a fault in the timber ! - we had to keep in mind that the top of the frame would be working in compression whilst the bottom in tension ! - All this information was crucial during the planning process !
Constructing - to constructed each team member took turns in using the saw, hammer and nails to create it ! - because the top works in compression, there need to to be more nails at the top to prevent the plywood from buckling! - the bottom half didn’t matter because that was working in tension and being pulled apart ! - we also leant that the more nails you put in the more faults you are putting into the strutter and the weaker it becomes ! - we also had to watch that the natural faults in the timber were positioned at the bottom of the structure because the natural faults also cause the structure to be weak !
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WEEK FOUR: WORKSHOP Group One (my group)
Group Two
WEEK FOUR: WORKSHOP Group Three
Group Four
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