WEEK FIVE:Building Structures Planning: ! - in class we used the set of drawings we were given to model the front veranda of the oval pavilion! - we had to work with scale in order to figure out the measurements of each structure! - we only constructed the primary structure therefore the structural drawings were the most important ones to use ! - we were building the models at at 1:5 scale therefore had to multiple all the 1:100
 
Materials ! - to build the structure we used varying thicknesses of balsa wood! - this is a good lightweight material for model making and is easy to work with ! - we used nails and glue to secure the joins and fix to pieces together! - tape was also used to structure the final structure in which all the groups models were joined
WEEK FIVE:Building Structures  Building Structure: !
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Structural systems ! - the building structures employed included column and beam and also a series of truss systems ! - the trusses were for the food structure if the veranda and the column and beams were used for the spine structure that connected the veranda to the group, but in combination with the truss systems ! - these systems used in model making were the same employed in real life to build the structure
Structural Elements ! - pin joints were used to connect the pieces of bolsawood together ! - the pin joins were created through the use of nails/pins ! - in real life both pin joins and fixed joints would have been used to connect the two elements together ! - this would have been achieved through welding metal and the use of bolts
WEEK FIVE: Building Structures  Other groups ! - the other groups constructed the otter half of the veranda and also the roof structure, but again only the primary structures ! - they had the clock structure which was a series of beams and irregular trusses ! - the joints were a combination of fixed and pin joints and the roof system is lightweight which helps to reduce the pressure on the building ! - some groups, ours included, used our own set of drawings which had actually been scanned down and were actually on a 1:200 scale therefore we ended up building them at the wrong scale to others, as they got there measurements from the class set of a2 drawings ! - everyone successful managed to build most of there structures however due to the differences in scale we were unable to connect them all together
Results ! - the materials used for this task were very efficient and a common material for model making ! - however the glue was slow drying and at times the nails split the wood and this caused the model to become weak at some sections! - the below images illustrate how the structure looked once placed together !
WEEK FIVE:Learning Loopâ&#x20AC;Š Timber: (Newton, 2014)! - timber living material ! - properties: reasonably hard, easily marked, donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t shatter, not fragile, green state can be manipulated, some ductility and flexibility, poor conductor, detailed carefully, varied density, insulate well, durable if detailed carefully, reside and recycled, low embodied energy, very useful product ! - specifying and handling: always chosen for particular use and situation ! - size: depth x breadth, common max 6m! - strength grade: f-grade and MGP! - moisture content: seasoned <15% and timber > 15% is sold as unseasoned! - species of wood: different types and pre from differently ! - treatment: insect repellent required! - availability: not all timber types or sizes are available ! - considerations: knots are a point of weakness, cause slope to gran, knots should be on the top of the beam, wont be appoint of weakness ! - good practice: the end of grain is protected from water, typically sealed before use! - damaged: fire, chemical exposure, sunlight and heat causes drying and shrinkage, insect attack (needs to be sealed and detailed)
Forte: An example of a building being made completely of timber, including the primary structure ! (timber-building.com, 2014)
Engineered Timber Products: (Newton, 2014)! - timber can be used in structural situations, curved forms or long spans, timber used more efficiently ! sheet products: ! - plywood: gluing thin laminates to create a sheet, grain laminates in alternate directions, strength in two directions, ! - uses: structural bracing, structural flooring, formwork's, joinery, marine applications !
WALLS, GRIDS & COLUMNS (Newton, 2014)! Wall systems: ! - structural frames: concrete frames, steel frames (industrial building), timber frames (post and beam)! - Load bearing walls: concrete, masonry (apartment buildings)! - Stud walls: light gauge steel framing, timber framing! - MSD: concrete steel design, made ridged joint (Ching) ! structural frames: ! - concrete frames typically use a grid of columns with concrete beams connecting the columns together ! - Steel frames: a grid of steel columns connected to steel girders and beams (MSD cantilever section), braced! - universal columns, circular hollow sections, rectangular hollow sections ! - timber frame: typically uses a grid of timber posts or poles connected to timber beams ! - bracing of member between the bays or at the corners of post/beam junction to stabilise the structure, Oval pavilion uses both metal and timber ! Load bearing walls: ! - concrete load bearing panels may also provide support for panels and link into other structural elements (such as floor slabs , roof structure, etc) ! - reinforced masonry: load bearing walls can be constructed form core filled hollow concrete blocks or grout filled cavity masonry ! - bond beams are used as an alternative to steel to concrete lintels ! - solid masonry: load bearing walls can be created with single or multiple skins of concrete masonry units or clay bricks, the skins of masonry are joined together using a brick (with header showing in face of wall) or with metal wall ties placed with the mortar with the motor bed ! - cavity masonry: walls are typically formed from two skins of masonry ! - stud framing! - metal and timber framed walls use smaller sections of framing timber or light gauge framing steel to meet the structural demands in construction ! - stud framing generally consists of top plates, bottom plates, vertical studs, noggins, cross bracing and ply bracing ! - brick veneer: combinations of 1 sin of non structural masonry and 1 skin of structural farm wall are widely used in the construction industry
WEEK FIVE: Reference and Glossary Key Terms ! - stud: a timber wall which creates the secondary structure for a building ! - noggin: brickwork in a timber frame, stretches the brickwork ! - lintel: a horizontal support across the top of a door or window usually created in timber, concrete, steel or even stone ! - axial: a force that rotates, lengthens or shortens a member ! - buckling: bending or collapsing or a member ! - Seasoned timber: the process of wood drying, this process reduces the moisture content
references: ! Ching, F. (1975). Building construction illustrated (4th ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.! Newton, C. (2014). SHORT AND LONG COLUMNS (1st ed.). Melbourne: The University of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://app.lms.unimelb.edu.au/ bbcswebdav/courses/ENVS10003_2014_SM2/WEEK%2005/SHORT %20AND%20LONG%20COLUMNS.pdf! Newton, C. (2014). W05_c1 WALLS, GRIDS & COLUMNS. Retrieved from http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIe6txNIO58&feature=youtu.be! Newton, C. (2014). W05_m1 From Wood to Timber. Retrieved from http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJL0vCwM0zg&feature=youtu.be! Newton, C. (2014). W05_m2 Timber Properties and Considerations. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ul0r9OGkA9c&feature=youtu.be! Newton, C. (2014). W05_m3 Engineered Timber Products. Retrieved from http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YrYOGSwtVc&feature=youtu.be! timber-building.com,. (2014). Tallest timber build is topped out in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.timber-building.com/news/tallest-timber-buildis-topped-off-in-australia-070912/image/tallest-timber-build-is-topped-offin-australia-070912-1.html! YouTube,. (2014). Gehry's Own Home. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=iqn2bYoO8j4&feature=youtu.be
Engineered Timber Products: (Newton, 2014)! - LVL: laminated veneer lumber: made from framing sheets of timber with the grain aligned in a longitudinal direction, used for beams, posts portal frames (mainly structural)! - GLULAM: glue laminated timber, made from blueing pieces of sawn timber, form deeper members, train in longitudinal direction, uses: structural ! - CLT: cross laminated timber, made by gluing and pressing thin laminates together to for a sheet, laminate grain laid in alternate direction, uses: structural panels, vertical and horizontal, Forte building ! - MDF: medium density fibreboard, breaking down hardwood or softwood waste into fibres, combing it with wax and resin binder by applying high temperature and pressure, generally more dense then plywood, uses: non structural applications (joinery) ! - Chipboard and stand board: made by layering hardwood or soft wood residual (chips and strands) in specific orientations with wax and a resin binder by applying high temperature and pressure, uses: as part of structural system (flooring or cladding ! - i beams: timber/ LVL flanges, plywood/OSB webs, light weight, suitable for medium spans, usesL flood joists and rafters ! - box beams: timber/ LVL flanges, two plywood/ OSB webs, suitable for larger spans, stiff, can use decorative plywood, uses: floor joists and rafters! - timber flanged steel web joists: lightweight, open webs give access service webs by light tubes, solid rounds, corrugated sheets, uses: floo joists and rafters