L I G H T UNDERGROUND FANTASY
REPRESENTATION II stage 2 HANYU ZHANG A1697160
1 5
I Elevations of Math, Engineering, and BSL Buildings & site plan
3
Site analysis A. 3D models presenting shade and shadow
9 11
Light study I : Luminosity
II Design idea1&2: Plan, elevation, section & spacial diagram
15 18
3D views
Iteration 1&2: Aerial, Ground & Interior views
Precedent study: Runner-Up: Cross
19
Light study 2: Reflection
21 25 29
III Plans & Elevations of final design
23
Sections
Movement analysis, Aerial & Ground views
27
Interior render image
Light study 3 : Opacity
IV 31
To scale model of the structure & Internal view 1
33 35
Composition diagram & Internal view 2
3D construction detail: steel frame & Internal view 3 & 4
39
Light study 4: Filtration
Barr Smith Library 1:500
Elevations & Plan The site is located north west of campus, north facing about 30o to the west. The Math lawn is surrounded by 5 buildings.
Petroleum Engineering 1:1000
Infrastructures such as table and chairs, light are set along the edge of the lawn.
1
Computer science Building 1:1000
SITE PLAN 1:1000
10
20
30
40
50
60m
2
3D views Aerial & Ground
3
4
Shade & Shadow As shown in the graphs, Math lawn receive sunlight directly in the most time in summer. In winter, however, only a small part of the lawn the lawn can receive direct sunlight during noon time.
9am, 12am, 3pm Shadow in summer
5
9am, 12am, 3pm Shadow in winter
Molecular Life Science
Cafe
The Braggs
Petroleum Engineering
Access & Movement
School of Computer Science Barr Smith Library
Cafe
The main flow is on the street that at front of Barr Smith Library, which is a main road linking the north and south side of the campus. To access the buildings across both sides of the area, people commute through walking the site.
6
Photographic Study of Ambient Light Generally speaking, there is adequate light on site both day and night. The lawn can receive direct sunlight in summer while in winter can not. The facade of the computer science building slightly reflects light on lawn during daytime. At night, strong lights illuminates along the edge of the lawn, the light from the ground floor of the buildings lits up the lawn without giving people a sense of dizzling.
7
Barr smith Library The Barr Smith Library owes its name to the Barr Smith family, a pioneer family in South Australia and benefactors to The University of Adelaide over many decades. The University of Adelaide was founded in 1874, and Robert Barr Smith served as a member of its Council for 19 years. During his lifetime his donations to the University exceeded £20,000, including £9,000 for the improvement of the Library. In 1899 the University Council resolved that its library should bear the name “The Barr Smith Library”.
Math lawn Math lawn serves as a recreation place in campus. It is a site for some activities such as orientation week and open day.
8
Luminosity Light study I
Philosophical meanings Emotion are affected by luminosity. Luminosity is associated with the quality or state of being luminous. Bright light amplifies emotions, while low light keep the emotions steady. A luminous object seldom gives off pure white, and it may change as time goes by. Even sunlight is warmer during sunrise and sunset. Colors also give rise to different emotional and psychological meaning which often depends on different cultural background. Warmer light always give people positive feelings and cool one reduces intensity emotion. This may because we connect light with heat, and heat energy encourage emotional energy. In additional, luminosity with other object without luminous always create shadows, giving a two-dimensional picture more depth so that make the object more emotionally impactful.
Meaning in Architecture Linguistic definitions
In definition, luminosity is refer to the quality or state of being luminous, and it is a noun of something luminous. Luminosity is also the relative quantity of light and the relative brightness of something. In addition, it is the relative quantity of radiation emitted by a celestial source such as a star.
9
Light is always an important design element in architecture. Light as an emotional communication The new Holocaust History Museum designed by Moshe Safdie is a triangular form of the structure supporting the pressure of the earth above the prism while bringing in daylight through a 200-meters long glass skylight.
This skylight design creates strong contrast between gleams of daylight and darker areas functioning as multimedia presentation. Within the whole galleries, depending on the function and requirements of each exhibit, light comes in through localized skylights varying from diffused to clear glass. In this case, light is mainly functions as emotional communication. The ever-changing shadow casted by the arcaded concrete pavilion roofed by skylights and trellises can remind people of a Succah where the Jews suffered during the holocaust. Visitor are able to see through the building toward the strong light at the end, but are forced by fissures in the concrete floor to cut back and forth.
With light casting on the unfinished surfaces with no cladding or insulation, the gallery stir a dreadful sense of dehumanized. Enhancing local identity at night time Unlike other cities that striving for a glorious and eye-catching appearance, Zurich distinguish itself by following a modest strategy for nocturnal illumination. Focusing on an overall image of sensitive light levels with white light, Zurich master plan for lighting allows the cities provided a great sense of united. The master plan of night lighting has selected specific buildings that deeply linked to the local cultural identity, which would be equally present that showing harmony is the defining principle of this illuminated city. The brightness, direction, and color, the façade lighting create a sense of harmony, instead of glare and light pollution.
Using the notion “Less is more”, the city is not emphasize on the quantity of light, but different light. Following this idea, designers have to give a hierarchy of the building lighting. Put more emphasis on the landmarks such as the bridges, the city hall and churches that enhanced the city’s coherence and identity. Meanwhile, considering the environmental issue, lighting focuses on the individual bridges and buildings instead of the entire riverfront façade in order to avoid too much visual noise due to the water reflection. The light level allows the buildings a pleasant presence without drawing disproportionate attention. The illumination greatly connect the building s in whole city and aware people of local identity.
10
Plan 1:250
Male toilet Unisex toilet
11
Female toilet
Library
Reception
Seminar room
Stair Glass
Elevator
Longitudinal Elevation 1:200
Design idea 1 Plan, elevation, section & spacial diagram Longitudinal Section 1:200 12
Plan 1:250
Male toilet
13
Unisex toilet
Library
Female toilet
Seminar room
Stair
Reception
Exhibition area
Elevator
Glass
Longitudinal Elevation 1:200
Design idea 2 Plan, elevation, section & spacial diagram Longitudinal Section 1:200
14
Iteration1
15
Aerial, ground & interior views Idea1&2 Interation1 focus on the change of sunlight direction and interior space arrangement. 4 transparent functional rooms are hung in the middle. Sunlight comes through the transparent pool cover. Interation2 focus on the contrast between exterior and interior space with the help of the warping edge which allowing the sunlight comes in.
Iteration 2
16
Interior views: Iteration 2
17
Precedent study Runner-Up: Cross / Xiaoyu Wang, Yutian Wang; Brooklyn, New York, USA Korean Demilitarized Zone Underground Bathhouse Competition
By inviting natural sunlight and topographical landscape from aboveground to underground, this form creates multiple crossing-border interstitial conditions that mutually encourages people from both North and South Korea to interact physically. This create a strong contrast between outer and inner space. By introducing an undulated line that dramatically dances in-between the two countries, a continuously weaving underground wall ties a series of collectively shared open pools and solid individual rooms with round shape geometry which is inherited from the mechanism of traditional Korean bathhouse typology Jimjilbang.
18
Reflection Light study 2
Linguistic definitions
In definition, luminosity is refer to the quality or state of being luminous, and it is a noun of something luminous. Luminosity is also the relative quantity of light and the relative brightness of something. In addition, it is the relative quantity of radiation emitted by a celestial source such as a star.
Philosophical meanings
Reflection is one of three “logical acts of the understanding by which concepts are generated as to their form”, the other two being comparison and abstraction. Reflection is defined as “the going back over different presentations, how they can be comprehended in one consciousness.” Reflection is the first step to understand or generate a concept or theory, and it’s a form of thinking. It’s more about unconscious and the base of further thinking development. Reflection, comparison, and abstraction are “essential and general conditions of generating any concept whatever”.
Pleasure in reflection
Chilean architects Guillermo Hevia García and Nicolás Urzúa have created a concealed garden fenced in by distorting mirrors. The structure is formed of three planes of mirrored aluminium, which have been shaped to create concave and convex curves in large or small scale, aiming to avoid a hall of mirrors. The curve shape has multiplied the amount of reflecting and deformation situations in order to creates a stronger sense of illusions, more surreal than real.
19
Stepping into an enclosure where they will discover infinite reflections of grassy hillocks, shallow pools of water and wild flowers, people in the reflective garden are apart from high-rise buildings and overhead tree branches, and they are likely to encounter someone playing a piano or other kinds of musical performers. Visitors in such situation are expectant of what is going on and curious about what is going to happen in the next place. The flection is not only about the visitor themselves, but also about the landscape. Water runs through the space between two pools, offering visitors opportunity to cool down. With the reflection, visually enlarge the greenery space, offering people illusion of wandering in the forest. The reflection encourages occupants to daydream and create a high quality space intended for leisure.
Communication between exterior and interior space Shanghai studio Atelier Deshaus has teamed up with artist Zhan Wang to create a flower-topped pavilion supported by irregularly shaped slabs of stainless steel.
With the adoption of the cast stainless steel, the pavilion demonstrates the quality of reflecting the surroundings into interior space. The reflectively columns are arranged randomly to enhance the idea of rockery. In contrast with the ordinary rock, the use of mental sheet on the natural surface enhanced the connection between the architecture and the surrounding. In order to make the reflective surface more interesting, the architect carefully imprints the texture onto the steel by heating it with a padded hammer. As a result, the reflection is not as real as a mirror reflection but more like an abstract image responding to the surrounding.
Supporting an opaque roof garden on top, the reflective rock also can help to bring the natural light in the structure, avoiding a strong contrast between inside and outside. Bringing in the refection of surrounding can also reduce the visual stimulation which may arouse by the sharp shape of the rockery. It can cause an illusion that the rock is invisible. Demonstrating the quality of reflecting the surroundings into interior space can create a strong connection between the architecture and the surrounding environment, allowing the occupants have a sense of harmony.
20
0
North Elevation
21
South Elevation
2
4
6
8m
Section BB
Section AA
Plan & Elevation
Section AA
0
Section BB
5
10
15
20m
Ground level plan
Section BB
Section AA
Section AA
0
Underground level plan
5
10
15
Section BB
22
20m
23
Section AA 1:200
Section
Section BB 1:200
24
Movement Visitor can enter the pavilion through both the stair and the elevator. Different level in the pavilion are connected by ramp, enabling the disable access.
25
Aerial & Ground views 26
27
Internal Render Sunlight comes in the pavilion through the leaves-shape skylight. The shape and direction of the shadow change due to the sun. The hierarchy of the floor level allow more interesting shadow shape.
28
Opacity Light study 3
Linguistic definitions
Opacity is a noun describing the state or quality of being opaque. It is the degree to which a substance is opaque, capacity for being opaque. In photography, opacity is the proportion of the light that is absorbed by the emulsion on any given area of a film or plate.
Philosophical meaning
Opacity is a coordinate term of Transparency. The difference between transparency and opacity is that opacity is the state or quality of being opaque, which is not allowing light to pass through while transparency is the quality of being transparent, allowing light pass through and see the object on the other side. However, they also share similarity. They are both measures of how opaque or how “visible” the object is. They both operate on the same spectrum. 100% of opacity will be fully invisible whereas 100% of transparency will be fully visible, they are essentially both the same scale, with on being invert of the other.
29
The Evolution of Light in IM Pei’s Museums
The Louvre pyramid often recognized as I.M. Pei’s masterwork, which is the glass pyramid entrance of the Louvre. This glass structure modernized the pyramid, the antique symbol. In order to create a better scene at night time Pei also worked with the America lighting designer Claude R.Engle to figure out a solution in which the pyramid would not create any dominant reflections which would interfere with the views in the courtyard or from the basement to the surrounding building facades. The transparent glass allows light pass through in daytime which illuminate the basement, however, as the glass pyramid does not span the complete court, designers also have to find out a way to create an illusion of daylight in the underground areas which are far away from the pyramids. Claude Engle was aware that the eye alone determines the impression of in a space: this process is not based on measuring the illuminance level but on the brightness perception of the space, in which walls are a key contributor. This principle requires illuminating the vertical surfaces surrounding the space.
As a result, the basement was highlighted by the luminous ceiling and vertical illumination. And the glass pyramid also came up with glaze light. In this way, visitor receive the impression that the bright sky is not interrupt by the building but extending into the interior. This project also be considered as an optically minimal volume in the main courtyard, in harmony with the existing building. The sides of the pyramid reflect the sky in daytime, even in the underground basement, visitors can enjoy the view of the surrounding historical Louvre facades.
Building design resonating with light phenomena in Nordic Countries
In Scandinavian countries, light is scarce in winter and the long summer days. Building design always resonate with this daylight phenomena, using reflective white spaces to facilitate white rooms that plays with local beauty of nature. The unique light situation in Scandinavia is due to the extreme changes in weather and daylight. Architects always adapt the white surface and transparency. The low position of the sun in northern regions creates long shadows and therefore daylight enters the buildings more from the side than from above. On the contrary, summer evening creates diffuse light. With transparency cooperates with white surface, such as Steven Holl’s Herning Museum of Contemporary Art, white surfaces can highly reflect light in order to maximize interior brightness for dark winter periods.
30
Leaves- shape structure above ground Transparent elevator Glass wall supported by steel frame Skylight
Structural diagram The pavilion is supported by steel and reinforced concrete structure. The glass skylight is able to support visitors walking and sitting on. concerte Wall
Floor
31
Exhibition area with glass cover
Hard Trowel Finish concrete interior enable more reflection. Timber door distinguishes itself as a decoraction.
32
Composition diagram Unisex toilet
33
Storage
Disable toilet
Library
Male toilet
Exhibition area
Seminar
Female toilet
The glass sliding door enables people in the seminar room enjoy both natural light and privacy.
34
Steel frame The glass in entrance area and the skylight is supported by steel frame structure.
35
The exhibition area is in the lowest level.
36
Steel frame The glass as cover of the exhibition rooms is supported by steel frame structure.
37
There are five small exhibition rooms under foot. The glass cover of each room allows people walk on and see the art work inside.
38
Filtration Light study 4
Linguistic definitions
Filtration is a noun that describing the act or process of filtering. In chemistry, filtration is any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
Philosophical meaning
Filtration is a kind of mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids, liquids or gases by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass. In philosophical aspect, filtration can be a process of filtering, which is an act that separate something into two parts by stopping part of an object outside. Filtration occurs both in nature and engineered system.
39
For example, animals’ renal filtration removes wastes from blood and in water and sewage treatment, undesirable constituents are separate by biological film or filter medium. Light Matters: Le Corbusier and the Trinity of Light As Henry Plummer, who study Le Corbusier for years said, “Instead of serving as a tool of religious persuasion, as it generally has in the past, light has become a quiet force to visually resist and elude, erode and outshine, the Church´s mandate. Light eats away and weakens institutional discipline, while exerting its own dazzling powers to draw attention out to the sky and its commonplace marvels – in effect using light to consecrate the natural universe”. Le Corbusier is good at façade design that filtering light passing through in church. The scenography at the church of SaintPierre at Firminy is arranged in three acts. The small stellar windows on east façade create dots of light, which later turn into waves of light on floor. As the sunlight changes in daytime, the waves fall and rise, creating astonishing pattern on three walls facing the altar. Around noon the waves of light disappear and sunlight comes in through two angled tubes in the roof.
During overcast days, light creates two soft luminous veils on the walls. A golden light shoot into the church and hits the altar wall during sunset. Le Corbusier uses dynamic layers of light that changes with the course of day, year and weather, creating the poem of the light.
Glass façade that filter light and create a private oasis
Optical Glass House by Hiroshi Nakamura and his studio NAP in Japan is sited in downtown Hiroshima, overlooking many cars and trams passing by. The architect figure out a fascinating way to obtain both privacy and tranquillity in these surroundings, which is placing an optical glass façade and a garden behind it. The garden is visible from all rooms,
and the passing vehicle became soundless scenery and imparts richness to life in the house. The façade is made of 6,000 pure- glass blocks (50mm x 235mm x 50mm). The pureglass blocks, with their large mass-per-unit area and high transparency, can effectively stop sound and enable people see through so that the city scene itself can becomes scenery for residents inside. The façade appears like a waterfall flowing downward, scattering light and filling the air with freshness.
As the glass façade filter light, dancing patterns created by the light across the walls and over a group of maple, holly trees and ash. Sunlight comes from the east, after filtering by the glass façade, it becomes gentle and enables residents touch the nature. The glass did not isolate people inside but allow them enjoy the changing light and city moods, the day passes and the changing of seasons.
40