Lin Hao 743375 part B

STUDIO AIR 2017, SEMESTER 1, Manuel Hao Lin, 743375

Part B: CRITERIA DESIGN Table of Contents 2 Part B: CRITERIA DESIGN 4 B.1. Research Field: Geometry 6 B.2. Case Study 1.0 10 B.3. Case Study 2.0: Canton Tower 16 B.4. Technique: Development 22 B.5. Technique: Prototypes 22 Prototype 1 24 Prototype 2 26 B.6. Technique: Proposal 35 B.7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes 36 B.8. Appendix 40 Reference List

B.1. Research Field: Geometry

VOLTADOM2

GEOMETRY: PYRAMID 31

GEOMETRY: RULED SURFACES 4

Geometry, is the basic of the language of shapes. From Egyptian Pyramid to today’s skyscrapers, geometry is always the fundamental part of architecture. In the western history, architecture has been related to mathematical geometry since the ancient times.

Any other files like patterning, structure etc. need to rely on the surface of a geometry. Many geometries can be achieved by mathematical formulas. “Use Mathematics and Computation Understanding mathematics (especially geometry) and computation can bring some design concepts into sharp focus.”1 Parametric design gives an unlimited boundary for architects to generate the geometry

USING GRASSHOPPER TO ACHIEVE RULED SURFACE5

3. Image Source: duardo Souza, 'AD Classics: Le Grande Louvre / I.M. Pei', Archdaily (revised November 2010) <http://www.archdaily.com/88705/ad-classics-le-grandelouvre-i-m-pei> [Accessed 28 April 2017]

That’s indeed correct. If an architect wants to create a geometry that is about mathematics, one way is to input the formulate of the geometry, and then the parametric tools would generate the shape automatically. For example, in grasshopper, one can create a helicoidal by input the formulate at x, y, z parameter. But this needs architects to “think mathematically” 2. (pp.161-162) How to achieve a certain type of special geometry by parametric tools, remains an important role for the current architects to explore.

VOLTADOM3

VOLTADOM is built for the celebration of 150th anniversary of MIT and the Fast Arts Festival. It forms many continuous vaults alone the hallway and the oculi of the vaults allow light and views to come in.

This project combines by many doubly curved surfaces. It is a self replicate project with repeating the same thing. Voltadom changes what doubly curved surfaces’ potential. It does not only increase the depth of the surfaces but also make them relatively easy to assembly and fabricate.

The definition for Voltadom begins with generating cones with oculi and trim the duplicated boundary, then unrolled the surface to install. Voltadom changes what doubly curved surfaces’ potential. It does not only increase the depth of the surfaces but also make them relatively easy to assembly and fabricate.1

4. Image Source: <http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/4557/1/4557.pdf> 5. Image Source: OM, Grasshopper tutorial-helicoidalmath surface #2 [You Tube video], 8 March 2017 < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2z8kZZ2us&t=818s> [Accessed 25 April 2017]

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CONCEPTUALISATION

1. Dina1990, 'Voltadom by Skylar Tibbits | Skylar Tibbits', ARCH2O (revised April 2017) 1. Woodbury, Robert F., ‘How Designers Use Parameters’, in Theories of the Digital in Architecture, ed. by Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), p 166.

2. Woodbury, "Parameters", pp 161-162

<http://www.arch2o.com/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits-skylar-tibbits/> [28 April 2017] 2. Ibid 3. Ibid CONCEPTUALISATION 5

B.2. Case Study 1.0 PO 2D 1

POP2D 1

POINT CHARGE 1

POINT CHARGE 2

POP3D 1

POP3D 2

VORONI

CONE

CYLINDER

SPHERE NOT SUCCESSFUL

POLYGON

PLATONIC GEOMETRY

6

NOT SUCCESSFUL

CONCEPTUALISATION

NOT SUCCESSFUL

NOT SUCCESSFUL

NOT SUCCESSFUL

CONCEPTUALISATION 7

Geometry Fluidity

This one is the basic geometry with 3d population. Although the definition just a bit, I think it create a different feeling from the original one.

Constructability

Geometry Fluidity Selection Criteria:

Constructability

This one is not by using cone as basic geometry, but I change it to my own definition of ruled surface with a slightly rotation. The effect of rotation would be much better if it is applied on a curved base surface.

Geometry: the shape of the iteration can inspire others Fluidity: the organic feeling (how strong is related to air} Constructability: How easy to fabricate the surface and make it constructable as a canopy or the cover of a pavilion

Geometry Fluidity Constructability

Geometry Fluidity Constructability

8

CONCEPTUALISATION

This one is based on sphere. Since the definition has its limitation to identify the boudary, but it provides something different and make it a sense of floating, which is related to the air concept.

This itration gives me a sense of random. Maybe it has the potential to develop further. But it seems to be very sharp and hard to construct.

CONCEPTUALISATION 9

B.3. Case Study 2.0: Canton Tower

DESIGN PROCESS OF THE ARCHITECTS 1

Canton Tower locates at Guangzhou, China, alone the new central axial of Guangzhou. It becomes the new symbol of Guangzhou when Guangzhou hold the 2010 Asian Games.

The architects wanted to create a sense of free form tower that is not related to “male” structure. Instead, they want to express feminine feeling through the TV tower. The tower has the feeling of movement and alive.

STRUCTURE WEB OF CANTON TOWER2

The tower used doubly-curve surface as its geometry, with the top ellipse to rotate 45 degrees. “First, the elliptical cylinder was tapered to be narrow at the top. Then, the vertical elements were rotated to create the tightness and the upper profile was twisted more for further tightness. After obtaining the desired geometry, the solid was converted to a 3D wireframe for structural analysis. The surface was transformed to columns, diagonals, rings, and nodes”3

1.Image Source: Arch2o Editorial Team, 'Case Study: The Parametric Twist of Canton Tower', ARCH2O (revised April 2017) <http://www.arch2o.com/case-study-parametrictwist-canton-tower/> [28 April 2017] 2.Ibid 3.Ibid 10

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 11

Top Ellipse

move: z

rotate 45 degrees

Middle Ellipse

move: z

rotate 22.5 degrees

rotate to form narrow top

Cap loft or ruled surface for main body

Bottom Ellipse

Divide Surface

Flip

Vertical Column

Shift

Flip

Diagonals

DEFINITION FOR GENERATING CANTON TOWER

Perpendicular frames

Graph mapper for rotation

Graph mapper for shape of Tower

Step 1: generating 3 ellipses as the basic geometry of the tower

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CONCEPTUALISATION

Basic Shape (Polygon or Ellipse)

Step 2: rotate the middle plane for 22.5 degrees, rotate the top plane for 45 degrees; twist the top plane alone the middle lane of the ellipse to narrow the top

Cap loft main body

Step 3: Generate the tower by loft three ellipses

Step 4: Divide & Offset the surface to generate vertical columns

Step 5: Divide & Offset the surface to generate diagonal supports

CONCEPTUALISATION 13

Difference with the original project: the tower would rotate different angle at vertical plane for the ellipse at each floor. The structure web for Canton Tower has 24 vertical columns, diagonals and rings. My model only has the vertical columns and diagonals, and does not contain the rings. The original design process has rotated the rings according to shear, but I just rotate the top one.

But the initial design process is very similar, both are generated from basic geometries. The original one also has opposite direction diagonals in specific area. It needs further physical analysis to consummate the structure.

CANTON TOWER 1

1.Image Source: ARCH2O 14

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 15

B.4. Technique: Development Perpendicular frames

At this stage, I change the fundamental definition that I built in B3 to rebuild the Canton Tower. I arrange the base plates and set the shape and rotating angle of the tower by using graph mapper.

The Graph Mapper is an excellent way to visually control the shape of objects. By changing the curve types in graph mapper, I can also generate some intersting gemetry.

Graph mapper for rotation Basic Shape (Polygon or Ellipse)

Graph mapper for shape of Tower

Cap loft main body

NEW DEFINITION TOGENERATE THE TOWER SPECIES 1: OLD DEFINITION

SPECIES 2: DEFINITION 2 BASIC

SPECIES 3: DEFINITION 2 WB

GRAPH TYPE: PARABOLA SEG: 8 PLANE 70

16

CONCEPTUALISATION

6X6

12X6

12X6

12X6

12X6

40X20

145 DEGREE

90 DEGREES

0 DEGREE

GRAPH: PERLIN

GRAPH: PARABOLA

GRAPH: PARABOLA

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 70

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 95

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

12X6

12X6

12X6

12X6

12X6

40X20

90 DEGREE

0 DEGREE

GRAPH: BEZIER

GRAPH: POWER

GRAPH: PARABOLA

GRAPH: PARABOLA

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 20

WB FRAME: 5

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 20

PLANE 20 CONCEPTUALISATION 17

SPECIES 4: DEFINITION 2 WB & VORONI

SPECIES 5 HELICOID SURFACE

SPECIES 6 BOX MORPH ON SURFACE

GRAPH: SIN

SPECIES 7 DEFINITION 2, WB 2

SPECIES 8 DEFINITION 2, WB 3

GRAPH TYPE: SIN

SMALL NUMBER OF GRIDS

PLANE 70

GRAPH TYPE: PARABOLA

WB FRAME THICK: 15

POP 100

POP 100

CONE

POLY: 4

POLY: 8

6X6

25X10

10X6

POP 100

POP 100

POLY 16 REVERSED

POLY: 4 10X10

POLY 16

10X10

ROTATE 270

POP 200

POLY: 3

POLY: 4 10X6 ROTATE 270

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CONCEPTUALISATION

10X10

50X10

2X3

6X4

6X4

WB THICK: 5

WB THICK: 5

WB THICK: 81

PLANE 70

PLANE 4

PLANE 70

2X3

6X4

WB THICK: 100

WB THICK: 5

PLANE 70

PLANE 1

2X3

6X4

WB THICK: 40 PLANE 70

WB THICK: 40 PLANE 70

CONCEPTUALISATION 19

Geometry Fluidity Constructability

Geometry Fluidity Selection Criteria:

This one is generated by applying voroni onto the tower surface. It creates very organic shapes on the surface but it is hard to express fluidity since the rotation is hard to observe from the complex voroni surface. And its voroni surface makes it hard to build with its random shapes.

This one is by applying box morph onto the surface. I want to make random lengths for the shapes to strectch out at first. But it became randomly strectch into the tower.

Constructability

Geometry: the shape of the iteration can inspire others Fluidity: the organic feeling (how strong is related to air} Constructability: the surfaces are undevelopable, how easy to fabricate the curved surface and how strong can it support a pavilion when the tower acts as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;columnâ&#x20AC;?

Geometry Fluidity

Helicoid surface is a kind of ruled surface.

It is indeed fluid and different geometry comparing to other iterations. However, its shape make it hard to construct and stand.

Constructability

Geometry Fluidity Constructability

20

CONCEPTUALISATION

This shape is simply ahieved by rotating the tower. But its unique texture gives people a sense of moving, like the texture of desert after wind blowing, which is a very point for fluidity. Its shape and texture can be easily achieved by 3d printing.

CONCEPTUALISATION 21

B.5. Technique: Prototypes The selection criteria are about the light affect and how easy to fabricate and assembly.

The geometries I explored and discovered in B4 were basically undevelopable surface, they all achieved organic and dynamic to a certain extent. So that how easy to fabricate without using 3d printing and assembly becomes an important factor. The other one is about light effect because the brief is about building a perfomantive pavilion in the interior space. Light effect is a significant factor that is related to performance.

Prototype 1

CURVED SURFACE GENERATE BY GRAPH MAPPER AND RANDOM POINTS

WAFFLE GRID TO FORM THE SURFACE

The first prototype I used graph mapper and random numbers to generate the curved surface. Although it is not ruled surface and the shape is very simple, it can be tested as the canopy over the pavilion which would largely influenced the perfomantive light effect. I used the fabrication definition â&#x20AC;&#x153;waffle grid type 1â&#x20AC;? to generate waffle grids of the curved surface. The outcome is very satisfied. It is very easy to assembly and fabricate, with light effects that can interact with the surrounding environment.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 23

Prototype 2

UNDEVELOPBLE SURFACE

AFTER RATIONALIZED

The second prototype I tried to rebuild one of the tower I discovered in B4. Instead of using strings to build a ruled surface, I preferred to rationalize the curved surface and make it developable. The prototype is better built by thinner materials because it is easier to glue together with a folded edge. Although I prepared a folded edge to glue, I selected a relatively thick material which made the prototype difficult to build.

The light effect is relatively satisfied.

When moving the light sourceďź&#x152;the shadow and light would move which creates an intersting light effect like a shining star.

RATIONALIZED LASER CUT FILE

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 25

B.6. Technique: Proposal

LIGHT EFFECT OF THE PROTOTYPE

As I discovered during B5, the light direction can change the structureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shadow, which gives an opportunity for me to use the shadow direction of the pavilion as the sign of movement and performance.

SHADOW DIRECTION AT START OF PERFOMANCE

SHAPE OF WIND 1

FIELD LINES THAT SIMULATE MOVEMENT OF AIR AT TH E SITE

The geometry of air flow, of wind, inspired me to the basic shape of my proposal.

Air movement are organic and we cannot observe the movement of air by our eyes.

We could only feel it. However, we could capture the shape of air movement in the nature: during winter, the water vapour inside air could be frozen. And that is how we observe the shape of wind.

1. blizzard-ice-storm <http://hoshimem. tumblr.com/post/70877030197/our-amazingworld-blizzard-ice-storm-amazing> 26

And this could also make people interact with the interior environment, having a better performative effect.

CONCEPTUALISATION

I want to bring air into the interior space, creating a sense of fluidity. So I tried to use point charges to generate the field lines. The field lines give me a sense of wind and how the air is moving. It also gives me a huge potential to generate the geometry of my proposal design through manipulate the field lines.

Fluidity SHAOW DIRECTION DURING PEOFORMANCE

Dynamic Light, & Shadow

SHADOW DIRECTION AFTER PERFORMANCE

CONCEPTUALISATION 27

Graph mapper to control the move of lines

Generate field lines

Move Divide lines

Generate curve from points

Divide curves & Flip matrix

Generate curves and loft to form the surface

WB components to thicken

HOW TO GENERATE THE FORM IN GRASSHOPPER

N

1

2

3

5m

FRONT VIEW

N N 1 1

2

3

2

3

5m

5m

:RIGHT VIEW PLAN

28

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 29

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 31

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CONCEPTUALISATION 33

B.7. Learning Objectives and Outcomes

Through the tasks that I have done in part B, I could finally have a relatively good idea compared to my previous studiosâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; design outcomes, I think I have improved a lot since I get in touch with parametric design. I am able to produce a proposal according to brief by algorithm methods. For the perfomantive pavilion, during the discussion with the client and classmates, things would change in mind.

How to enhance the performative effect and facilitate the existing effect form the basic concepts of the design proposal. However, sometimes things do not follow your wish. One example is I want to use the light as a tool to make audience interact with the surrounding environment, but client said most people would hide in dark and refuse to interact. And one shortcoming for my proposal I notice is my proposal seems better fitting the outside more than the interior. The further development I need to consider how to make the pavilion fit inside the room.

During the few weeks of generating iterations and making prototypes, I must learn many knowledge of grasshopper from the form and videos. That makes me able to experience different things and know whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the general logic inside grasshopper. One component that I like to use is graph mapper, it has huge potential to control things visually. Another thing is field lines.

Through manipulate field lines, I could generate organic lines, which is much related the air concept. However, one annoying things that I have met during my study of grasshopper is the difference between Brep and surface.

I think this is one of the disadvantage for algorithmic design which needs an architect to be very familiar with definitions. To be able to use the tools.

Digital models can make fabricating the physical model much easier. For example, I want to fabricate a curved surface, but it is an undevelopable surface.

Through digital process, I can rationalize the surface and make it constructable.

The fabrication definitions are very helpful to make physical models.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 35

B.8. Appendix

36

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 37

38

CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 39

Reference List Arch2o Editorial Team, 'Case Study: The Parametric Twist of Canton Tower', ARCH2O (revised April 2017) <http://www.arch2o.com/case-study-parametric-twist-canton-tower/> [28 April 2017] Dina1990, 'Voltadom by Skylar Tibbits | Skylar Tibbits', ARCH2O (revised April 2017) <http://www.arch2o.com/voltadom-by-skylar-tibbits-skylar-tibbits/> [28 April 2017] Eduardo Souza, 'AD Classics: Le Grande Louvre / I.M. Pei', Archdaily (revised November 2010) <http://www.archdaily.com/88705/ad-classics-le-grande-louvre-i-m-pei> [Accessed 28 April 2017] OM, Grasshopper tutorial-helicoidal-math surface #2 [You Tube video], 8 March 2017 < https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv2z8kZZ2us&t=818s> [Accessed 25 April 2017] Woodbury, Robert F., ‘How Designers Use Parameters’, in Theories of the Digital in Architecture, ed. by Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman (London; New York: Routledge, 2014), pp. 153–170.

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CONCEPTUALISATION

CONCEPTUALISATION 41