Pride Spring 2021

THE MAGAZINE BY STUDENTS OF HARROW BANGKOK, FOR STUDENTS OF HARROW BANGKOK

EDITOR'S NOTE

In this magazine, you will find unique and powerful pieces ranging from criticisms of the Marvel Cinematic Universe to “hacking” DNA with the CRISPR system or a look into the

Welcome, one and all, to the first ever publication of our very own student-run Pride Magazine!

Firstly, I’d like to thank both Mr. Jadeja and Ms. Dava for supporting us through the process of putting together this magazine. I’ve gotten to learn first-hand just how much effort and careful attention it takes for one to curate even the idea or layout of a magazine and then I’ve learned just how much more effort and attention it takes to bring these ideas into fruition.

Next, I’d like to thank every single one of our writers, editors and designers for all the amazing work and meticulous care that they have put into this publication.

From the very first day, everyone has been more than eager to create something whether through writing, photography, or illustration, and I cannot be more thrilled to have had the privilege of working with such talented individuals. I think the magazine will speak for itself once you read it.

Black Lives Matter movement and Populism to sushi restaurant and Kdrama reviews. The poetry and its accompanying illustrations in this publication will blow you away with the creative prowess of our very own Harrovians and I am confident that every single reader will be able to take something away from this magazine in one way or another.

I am proud (no pun intended) to have been the editor for this wonderful Pride Magazine and I am sure that every one of our writers and designers are just as excited as I am for you to read through this first issue and admire the hard work and dedication that’s been put into writing, researching and illustrating these beautiful pieces.

Tara So12

CONTENTS INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

3

2020 Sports Day

27

CRISPR: Hacking DNA

4

Online Learning Tips

29

Best K-series Thrillers

ARTS & FEATURES

CREATIVE

Marvel Films; "Theme Park" or

30

Moon Bed

"Cinema"?

31

Ticking

7

PS5: Worth the Upgrade?

32

Glass Petal

9

Meruto, Japanese Restaurant

33

Little Blue Boy

13

Hamilton Review

34

I had A Dream

15

The Queen's Gambit Review

35

Everyday

36

Glass Bottle

5

37

EXTERNAL 17

Vaccination & The Economy

19

Sinking Cities and the Fight to Save Them

21

The Engine of Modern Music: Functional Harmony

23

Fermat's Last Theorem

25

Black Lives Matter and The Rise of Populism

Mother Earth

The new PS5 is out. But should you get it? With a refreshing redesign and next generation controller, the PS5 is looking like the ultimate console for the next few years. The game lineup look exciting with the big marquee game being Spider-Man: Miles Morales, a gorgeous and fun follow up to 2018's Marvel's Spider-Man. Another exciting title is Sackboy: A Big Adventure, which is a simple but charming 3D platformer with lots of character customization, but Astro's Playroom, the free pack-in game that shows off the DualSense controller, might be even better.

One of the PS5’s biggest true launch exclusives is Demon’s Souls, a visually stunning remake of the beloved 2009 action/RPG of the same name.

The PS5 has access to pretty much every entertainment app you’ll need, including Disney Plus, Netflix, YouTube, Prime Video and, new to the PlayStation ecosystem. So you can keep up to date with all the latest and greatest shows from Marvel.

However, the issue is, you don't need a PS5 to play many of these games.

Spider-Man: Miles Morales and Sackboy: A Big Adventure as they are also available on PS4. So while you don’t need a PS5 to play some of the biggest new games, you will enjoy much better versions of them on the new system.

Additionally, most of your PS4 library will come with you, complete with major visual and performance enhancements for select titles.

Overall, the PS5 is a genuine leap forward for console gaming, offering gorgeous 4K performance, stunningly fast load times and a truly game-changing controller that makes playing games more immersive and tactile than ever. It plays nearly all PS4 games, and in many cases allows them to run and load better than ever before.

It is a superb console that offers a compelling next-gen gaming experience – and one that will likely only get better as more titles are added to the lineup and customised to the game.

However, there are a few reasons to wait before hitting that buy button — if you can even find Sony’s new console, that is. The PS5’s launch lineup contains very few must-have exclusives. The console’s massive size may also be a concern for those with limited space, and the DualSense controller itself could be a little big for folks with smaller hands.

As with most console launches, the PS5 is only going to get better over time with new exclusive games and features for those who choose to wait. It’s also worth considering Microsoft’s $499 Xbox Series X, which offers slightly more power and works with four generations of Xbox games. But if you manage to pick a PS5 up now, know that you’ll be treated to a true next-gen experience complete with advanced haptics, beautiful graphics and almost zero friction between you and the games you want to play.

Those were the things that originally drew me to click on the series titled, ‘The Queen’s Gambit’ on Nettix. After all, historical drama is my favourite genre of lm, and this looked just like something that would capture my interest.

But what wh I was not ready for was the utter beauty and magniicence that is ‘The Queen’s Gambit.’ I was not ready for the relatability of the protagonist, and to share in her triumphs and tribulations. I was not ready for the sheer splendour that was the cinematography, editing, writing, and style. I was not ready to be mesmerised by the dance of the chess pieces, and to be drawn into the workings of a thoughtful mind. I was not ready to have my desire for intellectual cinema fulllled so perfectly.

And I was certainly not ready to have so much to analyse. ‘ The Queen’s Gambit,’ is, without a doubt, a treasure. I nd it hard to even encapsulate in words how astoundingly incredible it was. It follows a child chess prodigy, Beth Harmon, through her life and battle to get to the top of the chess world, while conveying the thin line that lies between genius and insanity, exploring the real cost of excellence.

While I will admit that I found the series naturally slightly hard to get through at rst, due to the fact that Beth suffers from serious substance abuse, addiction, and loss, and the dark lighting and patterned sets often aided in further fashioning the heavy mood (the series is not particularly light and breezy), this only added to the wonder and the pathos that is the show. Over time, I found myself enthralled in picking out minute details in the set and costume that enhance the plot, and rooting for the quietly determined, bright protagonist all the way.

But perhaps most of all, what stuck out to me as phenomenal about the series as a pe whole was the lack of overt emphasis on Beth being a woman, or on her relationships, as well as its side-stepping of politics and religion, while subtly serving to highlight some forms of injustice in life. Despite it being the Cold War era, Beth’s gender was not highlighted as particularly signiicant, not serving as the point upon which the plot hinged, which is new and refreshing (albeit a bit unrealistic, but what’s the harm in escapism sometimes?). In addition, there is a notably heart-wrenching and tear-jerking scene where the rst person who introduced her to the world of chess, Mr. Shaibel (a janitor) is completely disregarded and forgotten due to his socioeconomic status, despite the actuality that he helped shape a genius. This I took to be a subtle sorrowful comment on the competitive capitalist game of life. She had no political and religious affiliations, showing how genuine love for a game can unite, and how she was always there purely for the game, through and through. She was a passionate and dedicated chess player rst, before everything else.

Indeed, the talented and troubled chess player Beth Harmon’s journey is still in my mind, even after nishing the series all those weeks ago. Perhaps she will be on yours, too, if you give her stunning story a watch. For now, I shall return to thoughts of a girl who made an impact on my life. A girl who fought, fell, and inspired through it all.

- Rena (B12)

The Engine of Modern Music Functional Harmony

• Boss C13 (IG@twelfth_root)

The Language of Music Just as a language has spelling, vocabulary, and grammar, the 3 cornerstones of music are Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony. Each of these aspects come together to produce music as we know it. But what if I were to reveal that there is a common presence in almost all modern melodies?

Harmony - Tension and Release Most of us are familiar with the concept of chords; collections of notes that when played together, invoke a greater sound than the individual notes. When we hear terms like Major, minor, 7ths, we can often be intimidated by them. The most important thing to remember here is that behind all of these terms, chords are simply vessels for tension and release.

The concept of tension and release is key to understanding functional harmony. Simply put, tension is when a sound has the feeling of ‘leading’ somewhere. Correspondingly, release or resolution is the resolution of emotion as the musical tension dissipates. If you’ve ever listened to a pop song where the ending fades out and was left dissatisfied, that’s an example of tension and release (or lack of one) at work.

Diatonic and the Key Centre The key of a song or piece determines its musical center. For example, a song in the key of F major will experience its lowest level of tension on an F. From this root note of F, we can count upwards

F G A Bb C D E

IFA

until we arrive at F again. This particular series is the F-Major scale and represents all of the notes available to us to compose and harmonize in; the diatonic chords of F-Major. We are able to build such a diatonic series out of any key center. For convenience when mentioning, we add numbers to this scale as such.

at

Mara

0

Bd

Don'tforget Tadao

What we’ve done is essentially created is a library of available harmonic devices for almost any kind of tension and release we may need.

Functional Harmony With 7 chords in our inventory, we can start to see how they interact with each other. A sequence of chords like this is called a progression. Luckily for us, even this is more than we need for most of pop’s most iconic melodies. This is because multiple chords can share functions and any chords that have the same function are partly or fully interchangeable.

As touched on earlier, the 1-chord of a key has the least tension. Think of this as being ‘home’; somewhere where tension is released into contentment and neutrality. In functional harmony, we call this Tonic Function. Another chord with tonic function is the 6-chord. However, the rule of the diatonic scale means that the 6-chord is minor. This won’t change its function, though.

The 2 and 4-chords serve what is called Subdominant Function. In most western music, the 4-chord is much more common than the 2-chord but they nevertheless serve the same function. The purpose of these chords is to introduce tension into the melody. Because of this, subdominant chords naturally feel like they ‘lead’ to somewhere; whether it be back to the Tonic or to the next type of chord.

The third type of function we need is one occupied by the 5-chord; the Dominant Function. This function has the highest amount of tension and provokes a strong desire for resolution. This resolution is almost always to the Tonic. Think of it as a sign that points to your home street (you are so close to getting to relax!). As such, it can be deeply ‘unsatisfying’ for a musical phrase to end in a dominant chord without resolving it.

Harmonic Cheat sheet

Oh, you can

I

fit me. Inside the pocket of your...

The 1-chord strikes on ‘fit’ which establishes a base for this progression. The Tonic function offers stability and marks a starting point for this loop of the chords.

...ripped jeans. Holding me closer till our...

On the word ‘ripped’, the Dominant 5-chord sounds.

This is a departure from the Tonic and serves as a clear tension generator.

...eyes meet. You won’t ever be...

Here, our dominant 5 resolves into the Tonic 6.

Through this resolution, the tension is reduced but not all the way. This tonic, this 6-chord, is minor meaning it’s not quite perfectly resolved yet.

...alone...

Putting Theory into Practice To ease the explanation, let us look at an example. I’m sure most people are at least somewhat familiar with Photograph by Ed Sheeran. Try putting it on as you read through this breakdown of a chorus section and listen out for the tensions and resolutions.

The subdominant 4-chord rings out as another introduction of tension, albeit more subtle than a dominant 5. It steers the musical phrase to a final resolution.

…wait for me to come home.

The subdominant 4 leads to a dominant 5-chord. This is the point of greatest tension just as the phrase finishes. The dominant 5 resolves into a Tonic 1; ending the phrase and starting the next progression.

François de Poilly, Wikimedia Commons

Fermat’s Last Theorem Amy So12

You may be familiar with Pythagoras’ Theorem. This simple yet significant theorem is a staple in secondary education around the world and oftentimes your best friend when it comes to geometry problems.

Pythagoras’ Theorem:

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. 𝑎𝑎! + 𝑏𝑏! = 𝑐𝑐 !

This simple theorem is backed up with many simple and elegant proofs easily understandable by anyone who can understand the theorem itself. This is exemplified by this rearrangement proof (See Fig. 1).

Now, there are some integers that satisfy Pythagoras’ Theorem. These are referred to as Pythagorean Triples and there is an infinite amount of them (Why?). Some small examples include (3,4,5), (5,12,13) and (8,15,17).

Finding Pythagorean Triples is an example of solving a Diophantine equation – equations which have positive integer solutions for all variables. Unsurprisingly, Diophantine equations are named after Diophantus

who developed methods for solving such equations.

Looking at Pythagoras’ Theorem leads us to consider other similar Diophantine equations such as what if we replace the power of 2 with another integer, perhaps 3.

Would there still be positive integer solutions? The somewhat surprising answer is no. 𝑥𝑥 " + 𝑦𝑦 " = 𝑧𝑧 " has no integer solutions. Of course, there is a proof for this however it is much too long to fit into this article. If you are interested, you may wish to Google this yourself.

This brings us to a more general case: For which positive integer values of n does 𝑥𝑥 # + 𝑦𝑦 # = 𝑧𝑧 # have positive integer solutions?

And thus, Fermat’s Last Theorem states: 𝑥𝑥 # + 𝑦𝑦 # = 𝑧𝑧 # 𝑛𝑛 > 2 𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧 ≠ 0

Has no positive integer solutions

Pierre de Fermat was a French lawyer and “amateur” (I say this as Maths was his hobby, not his profession) mathematician living in the 17th Century. Fermat was known to be cheeky and very secretive about his proofs. He would send letters containing theorems to other mathematicians claiming that he had proved them and challenging the recipient to do so as well.

Fermat’s Last Theorem was first discovered scribbled into the margin of a copy of Arithmetica (by Diophantus). In that margin, Fermat claimed that he had proved the theorem, but the margin was too small to include the proof. After much searching, Fermat’s proof was never found. Thus, a three-hundred-year race to prove one of mathematics’ greatest mysteries began.

The labelling of Fermat’s Last Theorem as a theorem rather than a conjecture before it was officially proven was quite controversial. A mathematical statement is only a theorem if it has been proven. However, this was defended by saying that Fermat had actually proved the theorem – the proof is just unknown by everyone else.

Over the years, many incentives have been created for proving Fermat’s Last Theorem. The French Academy of Sciences offered prizes in 1816 and 1850. The Academy of Brussels offered a prize in 1883. The Göttingen Academy of Sciences offered a prize of 100,000 gold marks in 1908 courtesy of Paul Wolfskehl. Despite the multitude of prizes, the greatest incentive of all in proving Fermat’s Last Theorem was the prestige and honour of proving something that stumped some of the best mathematical minds ever to have lived.

Initially, mathematicians tried to prove specific cases of Fermat’s Last Theorem. Fermat himself proved the special case n = 4 and established that if the theorem is true for a given prime number then it is true for any number divisible by that prime. By 1839, after twohundred years, the theorem had only been proven for the primes 3, 5 and 7 mostly attributed to a breakthrough by Sophie Germain. The next breakthrough was in 1850, Ernst Kummer proved that Fermat’s Last Theorem was true for all regular primes.

Unfortunately, the definition of a regular prime is too complicated to include in this article, but it is conjectured (but not proven) that at least half of all primes are regular. By 1993, the theorem was proven for all primes less than four million with the help of computers.

When the next big breakthrough occurred, it was in a seemingly unrelated field. In 1955, Goro Shimura and Yutaka Taniyama conjectured that there may be a link between two completely unrelated branches of mathematics: elliptic curves and modular forms. This became known as the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture. At the time, many mathematicians considered this conjecture impossible to prove. In 1984, Gerhard Frey suggested that there was a link between the TaniyamaShimura conjecture and Fermat’s Last Theorem. This link was proved by Ken Ribet in 1986.

Now, all one had to do was prove the TaniyamaShumura conjecture to prove that Fermat’s Last Theorem was true, which is exactly what Andrew Wiles did.

Andrew Wiles is a British mathematician who had previously worked on elliptic curves and had been fascinated by Fermat’s Last Theorem since he was ten years old. Wiles spent six years secretly working on the proof of Fermat’s Last Theorem. He finally presented his work in a series of lectures in 1993. This was obviously huge news in the mathematical world.

However, before the proof was to be accepted, it had to be thoroughly reviewed. Many mathematicians picked up on a critical error in the proof. Wiles worked on the proof for another year before finally being able to correct the mistake and publish his proof in 1994.

Wiles’s proof is incredibly complex so naturally it will not be included in this article. Since the mathematics used was much more advanced than anything that existed during Fermat’s time, many speculate that Fermat didn’t actually have a valid proof. Whether he purposely fooled everyone or whether he actually believed that he had a proof is up for debate.

For his efforts, Wiles was awarded a plethora of accolades including a special prize from the International Mathematical Union (in the place of a Fields Medal due to Wiles being over the age limit) and an offer to model for the Gap (which he declined).

Though Fermat’s Last Theorem may be pretty insignificant to our everyday lives, it is a demonstration of how mathematics has grown in the 358 years between its posing and its proof.

Fig 1.

Sources: Fermat’s Last Theorem, Simon Singh – If you were intrigued by this article, I highly recommend that you read this.

BLACK LIVES MATTER AND THE RISE OF POPULISM It began with a knee on a black man’s neck.

0

n the 25th of May 2020, George Floyd’s.

This, alongside with the tangible global rise of

killing went down in the pages of

populism and the perceived threat to democracy

history and was forever imprinted as

that it poses (with Freedom House regarding

another incident of racial injustice in the

present day. His death fueled a new wave of Black Lives Matter protests beginning in May and carrying on for a number of months, which advocated against systemic racism within the police force, and called for racial justice, particularly as the prevalence of police brutality against black people, has increasingly become assimilated into the ever-increasingly exposed general populice’s consciousness and psyche through social media.

However, it should be noted that these Black Lives Matter protests were not new. Although they did start again in May with renewed fervour, the movement truly began in 2013, when the shooting of Treyvon Martin and his shooter’s subsequent acquittal resulted in the circulation of the hashtag #BlackLivesMatter online. By 2014, the grassroots movement had spread its roots into numerous states and even other countries with growing support from more people. But it was thrown back into the limelight, with revitalized relevance following the 25th of May.

populists and autocrats as the dual threat to democracy) began to make me curious. It begged the question: Is the Black Lives Matter movement a populist one? And if so, what does that mean for all the actors involved in this fight, and those of the democratic state and its institutions?

In political science, populism is defined as ‘the

This, alongside with the tangible global rise of

idea that society is separated into two groups

The Black Lives Matter movement is a clear

at odds with one another - "the pure people"

demonstration of the people exercising their

and "the corrupt elite”’ (Populism, A Very Short

rights, guaranteed to them in a democracy, to

Introduction). True populists mark themselves

protest, gather, and speak, for example. It

out with direct appeal to ‘the will of the people’

reinforces once more the primacy that these

and a vow to fight against the ‘entrenched elite

rights have and sanctifies their importance in

establishment’, leading to many leaders,

society, particularly when they are threatened.

particularly, though not exclusively, of the

When these threats are widely-reported on, as

political right in Europe and the US gaining

of the state’s usage of tear gas in the US, a

power. Populism enabled Donald Trump and

weapon banned in war, against its own people,

Viktor Orban to rise to power, for example.

this exposes the areas that institutions and organisations must address to protect the

This may naturally seem to be a threat to

rights of people. It reminds us, and the leaders

grounded state institutions and ‘the

who rode on more threatening, narrow-minded

establishment’, especially if said ‘establishment’

populist waves to get into power, of a different

is democratic in nature, or came to power

kind of populism than the negative, insulting

democratically, and particularly as populism is

one generally thought of. Black Lives Matter

generally perceived, in its untempered force,

could be seen as populism of a more

lofty promises, divisive language, and common

democratic, more tempered nature. And we

coupling with vitriolic nativism or nationalism,

shall see what else the movement has to

to undermine the standing of the democratic

bring.

state. However, it is important to differentiate between a centralised, well organised radically right movement and a community-based, more loose and more open (with non-divisive ideology) movement. Whereas we may indeed see Black Lives Matter to be populist, it crucially does not have a centralised, control-based leadership, instead preferring to disperse organization, open up chapters, in contrast, it is notable, with the figurehead-heavy Civil Rights movement of the 50’s and 60’s in the US. This greatly decreases the chance of a radically left leader to take charge and take the movement down a different path than that of demanding equality.

BY RENA B12

KEVIN YOU (SO12)

CRISPR: HACKING DNA

NOBEL PRIZE OF CHEMISTRY 2020 The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna for their pioneering work in developing CRISPR, a tool for geneediting.

But what is CRISPR? How was it discovered and why is it revolutionary? To answer these questions, we need to first understand the basics of DNA, the "code of life".

WHAT IS DNA? Why is DNA the "Code to Life" ?

Organisms are made up of cells. Each (eukaryotic) cell contains a nucleus which stores the genetic information of the organism in the form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is a double stranded helix. DNA is made of "codes" called base pairs (ATCG), where "A" on one strand always corresponds to "T" on the other and similarly, "C" always corresponds to "G".

For example, the corresponding pairing for a sequence "AACTGG" in a DNA molecule must be "TTGACC". This sequence, "AACTGG", could be a gene responsible for a particular feature, maybe blue eyes or colour blindness or something else entirely.

A functional sequence is then called a "gene" which is like an instruction manual from which proteins are made, so a feature could be expressed. To actually make the protein, DNA is first turned into RNA - a single strand (effectively, half of a DNA strand) which could be read by ribosomes ("protein factories") and made into the protein.

HOW CRISPR WAS DISCOVERED The CRISPR system was discovered in an experiment studying the activity of bacteria, which are simple, single-celled organisms. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that only kill bacteria, and they infect bacteria like a "ticking time bomb".

When a phage infects a bacterium, it injects its viral DNA into the host which replicates inside and does not stop replicating until the bacterium is filled with new phages. This usually takes only a few minutes. At this stage the bacterium bursts and releases the new phages.

Some bacteria may survive a phage infection. Surviving bacteria cut sections of the phage (viral) DNA and insert them into their own chromosome (DNA) as a defence mechanism. To recognise these inserted phage DNA as "foreign", repeated recognition sequences of DNA would be added on either side of the insertion, which is why the sites are called CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats). This mechanism records DNA of past phage infections, much like a genetic vaccination card. These vaccination cards are then passed onto the next generations when the bacterium divides, thus allowing these protections to be inherited.

BACTERIA FIGHTING BACK A molecule of RNA that has a matching sequence with the recorded viral DNA is produced. This RNA molecule combines with an enzyme called CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9), forming an RNA-Protein complex which functions like a "sentinel" in the cell — it scans all the DNA in the bacterium for traces of invaders.

The RNA is much like a "Wanted Notice", it guides the complex to find DNA with a matching sequence. When the same phage infects again and injects its DNA (having a matching sequence with RNA) the Cas9 "sentinels" detects this and function as molecular scissors. Cas9 then precisely cuts out the matching sequence sequences in the phage DNA. As cuts are made at different sites, the phage DNA degrades. It can no longer be used for viral replication as the "instruction manual" to make the virus is broken. Thus, the bacterium has defended itself from this particular bacteriophage.

Furthermore, this protein complex is programmable, meaning we can decide on what the matching sequence is, and make the protein complex recognise a particular DNA sequence then make a break at that site.

Our cells can detect breaks in DNA and repair it, by pasting together the ends or integrating new genetic information at the cut. So if we were able to program the CRISPR technology to make a break precisely at a mutation - causing colour blindness, for example - then we can trigger the cell to repair that mutation after cutting it out, ultimately correcting mutations causing genetic diseases.

THERAPEUTICS TO ENHANCEMENT? We also have to consider how CRISPR can potentially be used to enhance human traits in the upcoming decades.

These could include stronger bones, less susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases or even "desirable" properties — taller, perfect eyesight etc., leading to "Designer Humans".

Currently, the genetic information that would give rise to such properties are not completely understood, however CRISPR is a tool which allows the ability to edit these when they are known better.

Nonetheless, the unintended consequences from mistakes and intended impacts of such scientific breakthroughs must be carefully considered, along with the ethical questions coming along these capabilities.

CREDITS W= WRITTEN D = DESIGNED COVER PAGE Bua So12 & Art by Orlando Arocena INTERNAL 2020 Sports Day | D. by Peachy S12 Online Learning Tips | W. by Bua So12 & D. by Peachy S12 ARTS & FEATURES Marvel Films; "Theme Park" or "Cinema"? | W. & D. by Pam So12 PS5: Worth the Upgrade? | W. by Patrick K13 & D. by Mark S13 Meruto, Japanese Restaurant | W. by & D. by Peachy S12 Hamilton Review | W. & D. by Pam So12 The Queen's Gambit Review | W. by Rena B12 & D. by Gun C12 EXTERNAL Vaccination & The Economy | W. by Nithan S12 & D. by Peachy S12 Sinking Cities and the Fight to Save Them | W. & D. by Nami So13 The Engine of Modern Music: Functional Harmony | W. & D. by Boss C13 Fermat's Last Theorem | W. & D. by Amy So12 Black Lives Matter and The Rise of Populism | W. by Rena B12 & D. by Pete N13 CRISPR: Hacking DNA | W. & D. by Kevin So12 Best K-series Thrillers | W. by Prae N12 & D. by Peachy S12 CREATIVE All poems | D. by Pam So12 TEACHERS Ms. Davajinee Romyanond Mr. Amit Jadeja EDITORIAL Tara So12