An Urbanizing-
WORLD
Martin p. Brockeroff Monjima | Shivani V. | Abid | Harsheeta
100 75
6
50
4
Percentage
-2025
-2000
-1975
Share of World Population Growth in urban and rural
Urban (Undeveloped Countries)
25
0
Urban (Developed Countries)
2
Rural
0
Children Per Women
8
Projected
Central Theme - To study the growing global urbanization
Fertility Rate % urban
Suburbs have become burdened by urban sprawl.
Cities have played a crucial role in reducing fertility—and slowing world Population growth.
Methods Applied – Comparison between less developed and more developed countries Poverty Rates are highest in Africa and Asia
Inference- India may cope up by imitating other less developed countries Urban future in less developed countries Urban areas growing rapidly. To cater, 2 approaches of policy making: (i) Population policies (ii) Macroeconomic adjustments to eliminate urban bias so that in migration slows down Another approach where urban population problem is given more weight age than pace of urbanization, 3 approaches of policy making: (i) Developed: Improve governance (ii) Developing: Create competitive cities (iii) Under-developed: Adopt best practices of cities in countries with comparable conditions
Ways in which less developed countries have slowed Urban Growth: (i) China & Ethiopia: Eligibility requirement limits people ability to move to urban areas (ii) Malaysia & Vietnam: Rural development schemes to make people stay back in rural areas (iii) Brazil & Indonesia: Land colonization schemes to direct new settlements in particular areas (iv) Smaller cities around S. Korea, Thailand: Strengthening economic background of secondary cities and towns (v) Other countries: Raised the price of food for urban consumers, family planning agencies (PROFAMILIA, Colombia) Addressing urban problems in less developed countries: (i) Optimistic approach: Urban areas with strong management can handle urbanization without compromising on human welfare (ii) Ideal approach: Good urban governance, involving communities, civic groups, control of municipal resources, decentralizing authority (iii) Other approaches: Improve urban managerial system through policy adoption, enhance competitiveness in wealthy developing countries, FDIs, forming trans-economic node, urban livelihood strategies eg., beautytraining girls in Favelas of Brazil
Level of destruction
• Shortage of Funds • Less education and awareness • More affected population
2010
• Sufficient Funds • Better infrastructure facilities • Well-managed teams and governance structures Reasons for prolonged destruction
2006
Less education facilities and poverty, makes people resort to malpractices in search of funds for a living. As a result, there are more victims in less developed countries & hence the government is forced to invest in public health.
Reasons to come back to normalcy faster
Normalcy
Time
Addressing urban problems in more developed countries: (i) Containing urban sprawl beyond the suburbs (eg., Negative effect in Kansas City where sprawl increased 10 times more than population (ii) Decentralized policy planning (iii) Urban renewal to keep central cities alive (since people are moving to the suburbs, for eg., Portland) (iv) Expanding affordable housing through private investments, tax exemptions, loans and insurance schemes (eg., Seattle) (v) Investing in skills training Sustainability of an Urbanizing World • Urban areas in less developed nations will envelop world population growth • Urban areas in less developed nations will house more poor people • Urban areas in more developed nations will house more diverse people If sustainable planning is not taken care of then scholars envision then: • Earthquakes and hurricanes will kill millions of people in big cities if they are unable to cope with such disasters • Large and dense populations will become breeding grounds for devastating new infectious diseases • Cities swelling with youth will lead to eruption of violence