SINGAPORE
HEALTH + WELLNESS CENTER
Thesis Research Volume 1
By Abby Harvey
Gardens by the Bay Flower Dome
TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW Problem Statement Thesis Statement Client Goals and Objectives Thesis Topic ANALYSIS Socio-Economic Research Cultural Research Site Analysis Building Analysis CASE STUDIES ProMedica Health and Wellness Green Heart Oasis Terrace RESEARCH Adjacency Matrix Code Analysis ADA Considerations Plan Prototypes Consultant Survey Research Universal Design LEED WELL Acoustics Wayfinding + Daylighting Material Health + Color Meaning SOURCES
Singapore Flyer
OVERVIEW Problem Statement Thesis Statement Client Goals and Objectives Thesis Topic
THESIS STATEMENT By focusing on multigenerational communities, the community health and wellness center aims to integrate universal design for the diverse population by welcoming inclusiveness and connectivity in the facility. The use of wayfinding and lighting techniques will provide support and guidance through the different levels of the facility enhancing the experience of a sustainable lifestyle.
PROBLEM STATEMENT This three-story, 52,377 square foot community health and wellness center in Singapore with a focus on material health related to sustainability. Addressing the old-age support and the multigenerational communities in Singapore, the center will meet the various needs of the diverse community. To provide support for a diverse demographic, the facility provides a wellness center on the entry-level to and health facilities on the upper two levels for privacy. A focus on material health will correlate with the health benefits the facility provides to Singapore residents. By promoting WELL and LEED guidelines in the design, the facility will promote wellbeing, and longevity to the multigenerational communities.
Patients Generations
Toddlers
Children
Teenagers
Adults
Elderly
Workers Diversity
Facility Staff
Nurses
Doctors + Specialists
Singapore Changi Airport Interior
GOALS + OBJECTIVES Better understand strategies for an inclusive interior environment. Use Universal Design guidelines to have a better understanding of diverse user group needs. Illustrate the connection of intergenerational communities to better understand needs from each age group.
Provide adequate guidance through the facility. Research lighting techniques connected to stress reducers. Use wayfinding techniques such as signage and navigation through planes to direct patients and visitors easily through the space.
Understand material health products related to all age groups and health facilities. Use materials that contain low or zero VOCs. Research Product Declarations suitable in health facilities.
Evaluate sustainable certifications to provide an efficient and effective green interior environment. Research for locally sourced materials that comply with sustainable certifications. Illustrate LEED standards for sustainable building design.
Recognize wellness practice through design principles for interior environments. Illustrate WELL standards for wellbeing promotion in healthcare.
THESIS TOPIC Universal Design Designing for an intergenerational community it is important to compose the space for all age groups regardless of size and ability to provide an enhancing environment for all who will use the space, especially in a healthcare setting.
Wayfinding Healthcare facilities can be highly stressful spaces that need to provide adequate signage and navigation to reduce stressors. These wayfinding techniques should be visible and easy to depict by all user groups through sight and touch.
Material Health With the diversity in population and usage for the space, materiality needs to be durable and easy to maintain with a long life cycle and sustainable benefits to enhance longevity and wellness focus in this healthcare facility.
LEED Sustainable materials and energy usage is a key component to fostering the idea of longevity that this healthcare center will bring to the surrounding Singapore community.
WELL Principles behind wellness in interiors that promote human health will play a key role in joining all populations in the community to focus on connectivity while techniques in the interior focus on wellbeing for users.
Sultan Mosque
ANALYSIS Socio-Economic Research Cultural Research Site Analysis Building Analysis
SOCIO-ECONOMIC RESEARCH ‘meritocratic’
Where people aren’t privileged over others due to their background
Old Age Ratio 65+ to every 20-64
5.69 million Total Population with a decline of 0.3% since the previous year
4.04 million Resident Population with a growth of 0.4% since the previous year 0.52 million Permanent Residents 1.64 million Non-Resident 3.52 million Citizens
2020 1 in approx. 5
1.37 million Resident Households
3.22 persons Average Household size
Singapore Chinatown Streets
1970 1 in approx. 14
Ethnic Composition Key Terms Clean Hierarchical Chinese Influenced Harmonious Peaceful
Language Greetings Handshake Light and long Not with the opposite sex Eccentricity is not valued highly Sober and Disciplined
Religion Confucian teachings Principle of Li:
‘doing what we are supposed to do’.
CULTURAL RESEARCH Laws ‘the fine country’ Gum and spitting are banned and there are fines for forgetting to flush public toilets. Illicit drugs are strictly banned and the death penalty is used to punish those who have drug or criminal offenses.
Ideals
Sex Composition 51.1% 48.9% Women
Importance of age disrespectful and offensive to touch someone’s head Face quality embedded in most Asian cultures that indicates a person’s reputation, influence, dignity, and honor
Singapore Street
Men
Average Totals Men to Women in Society Schooling 11.3 years Marriage 22,651 10.9% decrease Divorce 6,959 8.7% decrease Life Expectancy 83.9 years
Education Men to Women in Society Overall evenly distributed between men and women in society with employment and education.
Household Size Dwelling by percentage Flats 78.7% 1+2 6.5% 3 17.7% 4 31.6% 5 22.9% Condominiums/Apartments 16.0% Land Properties 5.0% Other 0.3%
LOCATION
Singapore is an island city-state off the coast of Malaysia based near the equator.
Area 281.3 square miles Climate vary from hour to hour, not month to month Abundant Rainfall Uniform Temperatures High Humidity
Monsoon Seasons Southwest Monsoon June to September Northeast Monsoon December to March
167 days Average Rainfall Per Year consistent throughout days, months, and years
ADJACENCIES
Fountain of Wealth
Istana
River Cruise + Mat
Gardens By The Bay
Flyer
Merlion
Lau Pa Sat
Chinatown
Trishaw
Esplanade
TRANSPORTATION Located in the central region of Singapore in Rochor, the Wellness and Health Center is at the crossroads of public transportation throughout all of Singapore. Several bus stations, as well as the subway station, are found within blocks from the site. Additional parking can be found within each of the surrounding areas as well. From the range of architecture and nature in the surrounding areas, the site will create a central facility to connect the diverse population of Singapore residents.
BUILDING ANALYSIS
Winter and Spring Winds
Summer and Fall Winds
Existing Trees to Remain
South View
West View
North View
East View
BUILDING SHELL ANALYSIS Address Orchard Rd, Singapore
Area 52,377 square feet
Stories 3
Building Shell Axon NTS
Entry Elevation NTS
Courtyard Elevation NTS
Column Grid
Circulation
Unit to Whole
Geometry
Natural Light
Shell Outline
Gardens by the Bay Supertree Grove
CASE STUDIES ProMedica Health and Wellness Green Heart Oasis Terrace
CASE STUDY 01:
ProMedica Health and Wellness
Saving Caregiver’s Time Means More Time for Patients Location Sylvania, Ohio Designers HKS Spaces 230,000 square feet Four season garden courtyard 23 standard clinic modules
Concept “The design facilitates the center’s operational model with 23 interconnected, standard clinic modules carefully planned to reduce walk times, so caregivers can spend more time with patients. Connectivity, flexibility, and connection to landscape create a healing environment. The exterior landscape extends from street to interior garden courtyards, providing four season connections to nature... The design reflects the ProMedica brand while expressing vernacular architecture.”
Awards + Certifications 2018 The Center for Health Design, Evidence-Based Design Touchstone Award, Platinum Category 2016 Healthcare Design Magazine, Honorable Mention, Healthcare Design Showcase Analysis Overall the case study showed the connection of different zone to create collaboration among each generation as the central pathway connects each department. The central zone also provided easy sightlines to provide clarity throughout the space.
CASE STUDY 02: Green Heart
High Density Complex Location Marina One Singapore Designers ingenhoven architects Spaces 400,000 square meters Office Residential Retail
Concept “As an international role model for living and working, “Marina One” makes an innovative contribution to the discourse on mega-cities, especially in tropical regions, which, in the context of increasing population and climate change, face enormous challenges. The high-density building complex with its mix of uses extends to over 400,000 square meters and, with its group of four high-rise buildings, defines the “Green Heart”—a public space extending over several stories. This three-dimensional green oasis reflects the diversity of tropical flora.”
Analysis Overall this case study better defined the relation of work-life balance in Singapore. Understanding how Singapore is adjusting to the increasing population while also furthering sustainable design better explained Singapore’s future goals and how to provide a space for a variety of users to work, play and live. Awards + Certifications Green Mark Platinum and LEED Platinum
Design Sketch Christoph Ingenhoven
CASE STUDY 03: Oasis Terrace
Neighbourhood Centre and Polyclinic Location Punggol, Singapore Designers London- Serie Architects Singapore- Multiply Architects Spaces 27,400 square meters Healthcare Communal gardens Play spaces Gyms Retail spaces Dining Learning spaces
Concept “Through its many communal aspects, it is hoped that the project encourages community, particularly in relation to the site’s landscape. For example, a central community plaza “framed by a series of lush garden terraces sloping towards the waterway” will not only play an aesthetic role in the site, but will also build community through its status as a “horticultural project” for residents to maintain.”
“a new generation of integrated development”
Analysis Healthcare in Singapore with the intergenerational communities was showcased in this case study through the indoor outdoor inclined community zone which splits through each level and provides sightlines as well as a view to each floor.
ArtScience Museum
RESEARCH Adjacency Matrix Code Analysis ADA Considerations Plan Prototypes Consultant Survey Research Universal Design LEED WELL Acoustics Wayfinding + Daylighting Material Health + Color Meaning
ADJACENCY MATRIX
Security Receptionist Waiting Area Medical Garden Lounge Health Cafe Childcare Health Entry Nurse Station Examination Room Radiology Room Recovery Space Testing Laboratory Clinical Offices Family Restroom Restrooms Fitness Testing Area Locker Rooms Pool Aquatherapy Sauna Running Track Aerobics Spa Mediation Room Conference Room Meeting Office Administrative Office Counseling Room Employee Lounge Employee Restroom Storage Laundry Janitor’s Closet Loading Dock
CODE ANALYSIS Occupancy Classification Assembly
Occupancy Factor 15 net
Day Care
35 net
Outpatient
120 gross
Exercise
50 gross
Locker
50 gross
Cafe
15 net
Occupant Load Level 1 334 persons 5,000 sqft 29 persons 1,000 sqft
Occupant Load Level 2 200 persons 3,000 sqft
27 persons 3,200 sqft 68 persons 3,400 sqft
Occupant Load Level 3
80 persons 9,600 sqft
24 persons 1,200 sqft 160 persons 2,400 sqft
Building Codes Diagonal For Egress Sprinklered Fire-Rated Stairs Minimum Distance Maximum Travel Distance to an Exit Minimum Egress Corridor Width Maximum Dead-End Corridor Width
93’-8” Yes 75’-0” 200’-0” Day Care; 250’-0” All Other Occupancies 72” 50”
Plumbing Men
Women
Water Closets
7
7
Lavatories
3
3
Service Sinks
1 per floor
Water Fountains
2 per floor
ADA CONSIDERATIONS Door Minimum Size Clearance Push Side Clearance Pull Side Wheelchair Clearance
Accessibility
Specialty
Signage 36” 12” 18” 5’
Lowest Character Minimum 48” above floor surface Highest Character Maximum 60” above floor surface
PLAN PROTOTYPES
Health Facilities
Scale: 1/16” = 1’-0”
Radiology Room Approximately 252 square feet
Examination Room 121 square feet
Nurse’s Station Approximately 350 square feet
Aquatherapy Approximately 1,024 square feet
Wellness Facilities
Pool Approximately 2,060 square feet
Indoor Track Approximately 2,516 square feet
Consultant Alice Skender Market Director of Quality Management
Location Beachwood, OH
Company Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation Hospitals
Years of Experience 29 Total 17 in Quality
Insight Alice Skender is a registered nurse at the Cleveland Clinic Rehabilitation Hospital with 29 years of overall experience in the healthcare field and 17 years of experience in quality. She has stayed in the Northeastern area of Ohio for her entire life and is a graduate of Kent State University. She has risen through positions at various healthcare facilities over her career and has knowledge in various healthcare settings. Alice has provided insightful knowledge as far as general healthcare layouts, the needs of patients and staff as well as an outlook as a healthcare provider of what changes are currently happening in the field.
Adjacencies Core of buildings for staff with patient areas on outer areas.
Spatial Needs Entry Closed reception for security and protection of patient information. Patients Interview Room as initial meeting space. Radiology X-rays (need special application on walls to keep radiation in) Nurses WOWS Work Station On Wheels Portable computer with drawers to hold medication and supplies. Cubbies in hallway to store equipment.
Exam Room
Exam Room
Exam Room
Exam Room
Charting/ Phone Calls
Storage Confidentiality
Touchdown Desks Waiting Area
Reception Enclosed
SURVEY Question
What brings patients, visitors, and staff comfort in a healthcare facility?
Method
A survey of 36 questions regarding wayfinding, daylighting, interior lighting and color in the healthcare setting composed of scale and multiple choice questions was sent out to healthcare workers of various fields, settings and locations to receive an accurate perception of how design affects health.
Conclusion
Overall with the diverse demographics that took part in the survey, the responses were similar in large groupings. Hearing from various fields and locations helped better understand the needs of hospital settings. Some key takeaways from the survey responses in wayfinding, daylighting, interior lighting, and color selection are listed in the results below.
Results
Wayfinding
Daylighting
Useful Techniques Maps Landmarks Technology Safe Efficient
Benefits Health Staff Patients Not to be included in private areas such as exam rooms
Interior Lighting
Color Selection
Task Lighting Patient Staff Dimmable Lights Exam Rooms Patient Rooms
Favored Palette Cool Colors Soft Colors Patient Needs Heal Faster Color Change
Demographics
2 of the 24 travel for work work the night shift Years of Experience ranged from1-39 years Location was even between rural and urban
Wayfinding
Most people found these techniques would benefit patients and visitors. Map in the lobby Ask someone in passing Use of landmarks
Daylighting + Interior Lighting
Most people found these areas with daylight would benefit patients and visitors. Lobbies Patient Rooms Exercise Rooms Staff Areas
Color
Most people found these color selections would benefit patients and visitors. Yes Maybe No
Gardens By The Bay Flower Dome
UNIVERSAL DESIGN Equitable use Identical or equivalent uses to avoid segregation Suitable for all users involving privacy, security, and safety
Flexibility in use Choice Right versus left-handed Adaptability, precision, and accuracy
Simple and intuitive use Consistent Range of signage and languages
Perceptible information Repetitive signage for information Contrast information with surroundings Provide elements for sensory limitations
Tolerance for error Most used elements are most accessible
Low physical effort Minimize repetitive actions that sustain physical effort
Size and space for approach and use Open sightline for important signage sitting or standing Variety of seating sizes and shapes Accommodate a variety of grip size
Singapore Changi Airport Interior
LEED v.4 Location and transportation Access to Quality Transit with public transportation systems such as the subway, bus, bicycle, and walkable region.
Sustainable sites Outdoor Recreation with trees for shade, privacy, air quality, and open space.
Water efficiency Energy efficient plumbing fixtures and appliances.
Energy and atmosphere Surrounding existing trees provide shade from harsh sun and high wind from building shell while allowing northern and southern light.
Materials and resources Sustainable material sourcing from surrounding regions and sustainable certifications.
Indoor Environmental Quality Energy Efficient Plumbing Fixtures and Appliances
Integrative Process Use building shell and surrounding sources to support culture, sustainability, and nature of the facility.
Innovation New technologies to provide energy efficient interior environment.
Regional Priority Local sourcing and geography research to provide a sustainable site and interior environment.
Gardens By The Bay Flower Dome
WELL Air Indoor Air Quality Removal of airborne contaminants, prevention, and purification
Water Accessible water quality Removal of contaminants through filtration and treatment Strategic placement
Nourishment Healthier food choices Behavioral cues Knowledge about nutrient quality
Light Minimize disruption to circadian rhythm Window performance Light output and controls Task appropriate illumination
Fitness Knowledge-based strategies and design technologies Opportunities for activity
Comfort Indoor environment that is distraction-free, productive, and soothing Thermal and acoustic control Design standards
Mind Support mental and physical health Relaxation spaces State-of-the-art technology
Singapore Changi Airport
Facility Guidelines Institute’s Guidelines for Design and Construction Acoustics Priority Reception/waiting Examination Treatment lab Office Conference
Considerations Temporal change Modulation, on-off Tonality Spectrum smooth and balance
Speakers and listeners quality Private isolated check-in Acoustically absorptive finishes to reduce sound reflection Background noise reduced by acoustic wall or ceiling treatment Consider circulation paths for noise disturbance
Patient Acoustic ceiling and wall treatment near alarms Make alarms individually distinct Mobile medical equipment and storage impact on flooring lessens with new cushioned back resilient flooring for less airborne noise
Benefits Minimizing sleep disruption, and fatigue Prevent medical errors Protect speech privacy
WAYFINDING Considerations Visibility
Signs + Symbols
Technology
Integrated
Singapore Street
International Symbols Comprehension Matching Judgment Research
LIGHTING Considerations Integrated
Shades + Coverage
Controls/ Options
2-3 types per space
Indirect Avoid Harsh Effect Dimmable Controls LED Color Changing
Buddha Tooth Relic Temple
MATERIAL HEALTH Characteristics Easy to maintain, repair, and clean Does not support microbial growth Non-Porous, Smooth + Seamless Inflammable-Class 1 Fire Rating Durable Sustainable Low-VOC (no off-gassing) Cost-Effective (initial and life-cycle) Slip- and Impact-Resistant Control Reflectivity/Glare Non-Toxic/Non-Allergenic
Manufacturers Rubber nora by Interface Linoleum Brands Forbo Marmoleum Tarkett Harmonium Liquid Lino Carpet Brands J+J Flooring Mohawk Group AtlasMasland Tile (ANSI) Neolith Santamargherita MSI Walling Benjamin Moore Designtex Carnegie Ceiling TURF Archisonic
Local Nemo Tile Brooklyn Emser Tile Chiado II Mosaic Engineered Timber source from Thailand Cambodia Vietnam
COLORS + MEANINGS Nourishing Supporting
Love
Adaptability
Physical and Mental Healing Strength
Stars Equality, Democracy, Progress, Peace, Justice
Numbers
2 Good/Pairs 4 Death 6 Wealth
Young boys, Knowledge Trust, Power, Stability Winter
Unknown, Morning Chinese culture Virtue, Purity Singapore
Chinese culture Happiness, Joy Bridal Color Singapore Unity, Equality Brotherhood Spring Healing
Singapore Lau Pa Sat
SOURCES
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Singapore Chinese Garden
Thank You
Thesis Research
Virginia Tech Interior Design Fall 2021
Volume 1 By Abby Harvey