Sustainability and Architecture

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Understanding to

‘D i our Future’ ‘Design F t ’


INTRODUCTION

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Building Name Swiss Re Headquarters

The following points - Energy - Light & Air Circulation of the building - Greenery, Water & Waste - Construction & structural consideration - Urbanism


GENERAL INFORMATION • Building name: Swiss Re Headquarters

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• Architect: Foster and partners • Site: London, England • Year: 1997-2004 • Client: Swiss Re • Structural & Mechanical Engineer: ARUP services Ltd. • Contractor: Gardiner & Theobald


BASIC INFORMATION

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Dimensions: - Height: 591 feet - Floors: Floors 41 - Gross floor area: 693,686 sq ft - Elevators: 23 • Structural material: Steel • Façade material: Glass • Façade system: Curtain wall • Architectural system: Structural expressionism • Maximum width: At 16th floor • Energy saves: 40% of the year • Floor rotated: 5(each floor) • Environmentally sustainable skyscrapers • Diamond shape Glass: 5500 flat triangular • Two main stair walls: 1037 stairs • Use: Office(4000 workers), Site usage- Restaurant ( 38 floor to 40 floor), Bar, Shop


Construction period

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2001-2004

Mar2001

Dec 2001

Sep 2002

Jan 2003

Feb 2002

Jun 2003

Apr 2002

Aug 2004


CONSTRUCTION

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2001-2004


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DIFFERENT LEVEL PLAN


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DIFFERENT LEVEL PLAN


SECTION

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CAFE

OFFICE

OFFICE


FACTS

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AERODYNAMIC SHAPE


FACTS

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AERODYNAMIC SHAPE

•Aerodynamically designed to reduce wind load • Lower part tapers & wind wraps around the tower •Reduces the incidence of downdraught on the surrounding plaza


FACTS

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AIR FLOW


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FACTS AIR FLOW

Air speeds at head level, with windows open on the windward side ventilation. O the On th building b ildi exterior t i and d external aerodynamic air flow characteristics


FACTS

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WINDOW DETAILING

•Light Light well opening open automatically •Light well penetrate deep to reduce electricity •Double glazed outer layer & single glazed inner screen •Sandwiching a central cavity, containing solar blind •Cavities act as a buffer, ventilated by exhaust air

NEC CORPORATION HEADQUARTER BUILDING


FACTS

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WINDOW DETAILING


FACTS ATRIA & GLASS PANELS

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• The atria arranged in a spiral manner •The air can drawn into the tower via light wells • Air Ai circulates i l t around d th the b building ildi d due tto th the diff differences iin external t l air i pressure •Light well glazing comprises openable double glazed panels. •High coating to reduce solar gain •Grey tinted glass is for counter solar gain


FACTS

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INTERIOR EXTERIOR


FACTS

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WHY NOT IN BANGLADESH?

• STORNG WIND DIRECTION • SUN • DAMPER

CANNOT USE DOUBLE PANEL GLASS


Findings •

Energy Generation:

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- Energy conservation system •

Light & Air: - daylight illumination - natural ventilation system - monitored air quality - operable bl window i d

Greenery, water & waste: - interior gardens - water t conservation ti & reuse

construction: - modular construction techniques

Urbanism: - environmental planning - public transportation access - mixedmixed use building - Site reuse


Energy A Analysi is

Various source of energy

Energy gy is defined as the abilityy to do work. For instance, the amount of force needed to move an object may use up part or all of the available energy. All activities involve the use of energy. gy


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Energy

Renewable energy Solar energy Wi d power Wind

Tidal p power& Wave power

Biofuel & Biomass

Geothermal Hydroelectricity


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Energy

Source: www. Ocrm.doc.gov


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SOLAR ENERGY solar energy, solar power, and solar thermal energy. " solar energy" refers to energy that is collected from sunlight. Solar energy can be applied in many ways, including to: Generate electricity using photovoltaic solar cells. Generate electricity using concentrated solar power. Generate electricity by heating trapped air which rotates turbines in a solar updraft tower tower. Generate electricity in geosynchronous orbit using solar power satellites. Generate hydrogen using photo electrochemical cells. Heat and cool air through use off solar chimneys Heat buildings, directly, through passive solar building design Heat foodstuffs, through solar ovens. Heat water or air for domestic hot water and space heating needs using solar-thermal panels. solar air conditioning


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SOLAR ENERGY solar energy Solar energy can be converted to electricity in two ways: electricity. PV systems S l P Solar Power Pl Plants t solar power photovoltics ((PV)) p Concentrating solar power (CSP), solar thermal energy Low temperature collectors Low-temperature Medium-temperature collectors High-temperature collectors


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SOLAR ENERGY Solar technologies are characterized as Passive solar techniques Active solar techniques depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques -photovoltaic panels -Solar Solar thermal collectors Passive solar techniques -orienting a building to the Sun -selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties -designing spaces that naturally circulate air.


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Energy SOLAR ENERGY Active solar techniques photovoltaic panels

photovoltaic solar cell

Solar thermal collectors


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Energy SOLAR ENERGY Types of Solar Panels String ribbon or Thin Thin-Layer Layer silicon Panels Group III-V Technologies


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Energy SOLAR ENERGY How do Photovoltaic's Work?


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Energy SOLAR ENERGY Examples

Dish designs

Fresnel reflectors

Parabolic trough designs

Power tower designs


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WIND POWER Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, wind mills for mechanical p power, wind p pumps p for p pumping p g water or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

Equation of power from wind: The wind per unit area of approach: P/A=0.6v3 watts (where, v= wind velocity ,A= area of approach).

Wind increases its velocity with respect to height. Velocity at different level at same time varies from place to place.


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WIND POWER •Near the ground -

wind speed is always less than higher up. •Unknown smooth surface- ratio of increase in of speed higher. •Type of ground cover effects the wind speed can be available at unbroken smooth surface than city center at the same • height. height to the wind velocity


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WIND POWER Wi d Turbines Wind T bi A wind turbine is a rotating machine that converts the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. Types Of Wind Turbines (HAWT)

Based on the axis about which the turbine rotation a) b)

Horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) b) Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT)

(VAWT)


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WIND POWER Types yp Of Wind

Turbines

Based on the location in which they are to be used a) offshore b) near -shore shore c) on shore


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Energy WIND POWER Different Types Of Wind

Classical modern 3-blades wind turbine

Pumping wind turbine

Turbines

Classical modern 2-blades wind turbine

Single blade wind turbine

Darrieus wind turbine

Vertical rotor wind turbine

Savonius wind turbine

Windside wind turbine


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Energy WIND POWER Different Types Of Wind

Turbines

Helical wind turbine

Horizontal Darrieus wind turbine

Aerofoil wind turbine

Helical twisted VAWT

Windmill with rotataing sail Savonius wind turbine

windmill


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WIND POWER

This wind turbine charges a 12 V baterry to run 12 V appliances

5 kilowatt vertical axis wind turbine

Near Riverina Environmental Education Centre,Australia

Small-scale wind power Small-scale wind power is the name given to wind generation systems with the capacity to produce up to 50 kW of electrical power power.


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TIDAL & WAVE POWER Tidal power is the conversion of tidal energy into Electricity. In order for tidal power to work successfully it requires a tide difference of at least 5 meters (16 ft )

Wave power is the transport of energy by ocean surface wave, and the capture of that energy to do useful work — for example for Electricity generation, water desalination, or the pumping of water (into reservoirs).

The front of the Pelamis machine bursting through a wave at the Agucadoura Wave Park

Wave Dragon seen from reflector, prototype 1:4½


Energy A Analysi is

BIOFUEL & BIOMASS

Plants use photosynthesis to grow and produce biomass Also known as biomatter, biomass can be used directly as fuel or to produce biofuels. Agriculturally produced biomass fuels, such as biodiesel, ethanol and bagasse (often a by-product of sugar can cultivation) can be burned in internal combustion engines or boiler.

Sugar can residue can be used as a biofuel


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GEOTHARMAL Geothermal energy is energy obtained by tapping the heat of the earth itself, usually from kilometers deep into the Earth'ss crust. Earth crust It is expensive to build a power station but operating costs are low resulting in low energy costs for suitable sites.

The West Ford Flat power plant is one of 21 power plants at The Geysers The Geysers, is a Geothermal power field located 72 miles (116 km) north of San Francisco, California. It is the largest geothermal th ld development l t iin th the world ld outputting t tti over 750 MW.

Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland


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HYDROELECTRICTY

Hydroelectricity is electricity generated b h by hydropower, d th the production d ti off electrical l ti l power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.

Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of moving water, water which may be harnessed for useful purposes.


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HYDROELECTRICTY

The hydroelectric power station of Aswan Dam, Egypt

reservoir and dam of the Ffestiniog pumped storage scheme. 360 megawatts of electricity can be generated within 60 seconds of the need arising.

Hydroelectric reservoir in Vianden Luxembourg


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Light and Air condition of the building


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Sun path diagram


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Sun path diagram


Light and Air condition of the building

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Elevation


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Light and Air condition of the building

The Sky Dome & the three sun path


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Light and Air condition of the building


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Light and Air condition of the building


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Light and Air condition of the building

Use exterior shades and reflectors to improve the summer/winter balance

Use steeply sloped skylights to improve the summer / winter balance


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Light and Air condition of the building

Sun catcher baffles


Wind flow pattern

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2005 - 2009 NORTH

2005

SOUTH EAST WEST NORTH-EAST NORTH-WEST

Wind spee W ed

SOUTH-EAST SOUTH-WEST SOUTH WEST

Month

Source: Bangladesh Abohawa Odhidoptor


Wind flow pattern

2006

Wind spee W ed

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2005 - 2009

Month

Source: Bangladesh Abohawa Odhidoptor


Wind flow pattern

2007

Wind spee ed

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2005 - 2009

Month

Source: Bangladesh Abohawa Odhidoptor


Wind flow pattern

2008

Win nd speed

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2005 - 2009

Month Source: Bangladesh Abohawa Odhidoptor


Wind flow pattern

2009

Wind sp peed

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2005 - 2009

Month

Source: Bangladesh Abohawa Odhidoptor


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Greenery, water and waste:

• Understanding the relation between greenery, greenery water & waste is important as architects attempt to curb water consumption, reduce waste water, and use natural plant material to mitigate the impact building have their on surroundings. • Large building consume million gallons water a day, while during a single rainstorm millions of gallons can be lost practical use, as water run-off into sewers or into ground water where it absorbs the toxins from construction materials. • Engineers & Architect are now collaborating to develop ways of using this run-off as undrinkable gray water in sinks and toilets. • Greenery, which helps to promote health by converting carbon dioxide into oxygen, it also being incorporated into building to treat chemically saturated run-off water before it is released into the surroundings environment. • Greenery & other living organism are even being used to transform waste water into drink water.


Greenery, water and waste:

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TYPES OF GREEN ROOF

1. VersiCell]] 2. Waterproof Membrane 3. Geotextile 4. Sand 5. Plant Media

Intensive


Greenery, water and waste:

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TYPES OF GREEN ROOF

1. Waterproofing Membrane 2. VersiDrain 25P 3. Geotextile 4. VersiWeb 5. Growth Media

Extensive


Greenery, water and waste:

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GREEN ROOF PRACTICE (Abroad)

Australian Parliament Building

Fukuoka building in Fukuoka City, Japan


Greenery, water and waste:

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GREEN ROOF PRACTICE (Our Country)

Road no. 04 block F Banani

United International University


Construction and structural consideration

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Types of structural system 1.Post and Lintel:

2.Post slab:

3.Wall slab (load bearing wall):

4.Steel structure:


Construction and structural consideration

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1.Post and Lintel:

Parthenon


Construction and structural consideration

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2.Post slab:

Hotel Emhurst


Construction and structural consideration

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3.Wall slab (load bearing wall):

Natural stone and wood house


Construction and structural consideration

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4.Steel structure

Zaha Hadid’s Zaragoza bridge


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Urbanism:

Urbanism is a focus on cities and urban areas, their geography, economies, politics, social characteristics as well as the effects on, and caused by, the built environment. Urbanism is distinct from new urbanism in that it shies away from greenfield fi ld d development l t iin ffavor off revitalizing it li i existing i ti urban b areas.


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Urbanism:

Urbanism as a philosophy

The philosophy of urbanism posits that traditional cities are vitally important to society. Cities or other dense human settlements are said to serve a variety of important functions. functions


Urbanism:

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BRIDGE of present & past Historic Building g + Modern Buildingg = increase VARITY VARITY increase CHOISE CHOISE help to increase the activity in a urban area which helps to give a stable urban context. context


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Urbanism:

SUSTAINABLE URBAN DESIGN = URBAN & SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY + TECHNOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY


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THANK YOU


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