Hi-Line Farm & Ranch ~ January 2015

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FARM RANCH FARM&& FARM &RANCH RANCH

12 January 2015 12 2015 January 2015 12 January The public is always invited to the Conservation publicboard is always invited to the District’s The monthly meetings which areConservation held the District’s which are held second Tuesdaymonthly of eachboard monthmeetings at 1:00 p.m. in the Con- the second Tuesday eachBuilding. month at 1:00 p.m. in the Conference Room of the of USDA ference Room Ext of the Building. Call 228-4321 101USDA to verify time and date. All 228-4321 Extare 101offered to verify and date. All VCCD andCall NRCS programs on atime nondiscrimiVCCD and NRCS programs are offered on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, national orinatory basis without regard to race, color, national origin, religion, sex, age, marital status or handicap. gin, religion, sex, age, marital status or handicap. EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

54062 US Highway 2 W Ste 2 54062 USMT Highway 2 W Ste 2 Glasgow, 59230-2846 Glasgow, MT 59230-2846 Phone: 406-228-4321 Ext. 101 Phone: 406-228-4321 Ext. 101 vccdmt20@gmail.com vccdmt20@gmail.com Check us out on Facebook Check us out on Facebook www.facebook.com/valleycd www.facebook.com/valleycd for links to soil webinars and current happenings for links to soil webinars and current happenings

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Local Common Sense Conservation Local Common Sense Conservation

News NewsFrom FromThe TheValley ValleyCounty CountyConservation Conservation District District

Baseline BaselineWater WaterSampling SamplingTesting TestingStill StillAvailable: Available:

TheThe Valley County Conservation Valley County Conservation District is still taking District is still takingapplications applications for forthetheground groundwater watersampling sampling program. Rural program. Ruralwater waterusers usershave have expressed concern expressed concernabout aboutthethepo-potential tentialeffects effectson onwater waterquality quality andand supply from oil development. supply from oil development. Water users voiced concerns about Water users voiced concerns about chemical storage, production water chemical storage, production water Jeff Jeff Pattison, Chairman of the Valley County Conservation DisPattison, Chairman of the Valley County Conservation Disfracfrac water injection, waste disposal, water injection, waste trict,trict, is pictured presenting DickDick Rohde, Supervisor for for Area 3, 3, disposal, is pictured presenting Rohde, Supervisor Area managementaccidents accidentsat atwellwella certificate for 40 his years 40 years on the District Board. management withwith a certificate andand pin pin for his on the District Board. heads or injection pits, accidents heads or injection pits, accidents 31, 2014, he will be deeply missed! Dick’sDick’s termterm endsends Dec.Dec. 31, 2014, andand he will be deeply missed! and/or spills chemicalandand and/or spills durdur inging chemical product transportationandandlarge large product transportation

THANKYOU YOUDICK DICKROHDE ROHDE THANK

withdrawals withdrawalsofofground groundwater. water. TheTheDNRC and DNRC andMSCA MSCAareareassistassistingingthetheconservation conservationdistrict districtwith with thisthisprogram. program.The Thepurpose purposeofofthis this program programis istotoestablish establisha abaseline baseline of ofcurrent currentconditions conditionswhere wherewater water quality is potable or usable quality is potable or usableand/ and/ or oridentify identifywells wellsthat thatmay mayhave haveoiloil andand gasgasdevelopment developmentimpacts. impacts. Each Eachwell wellselected selectedininthis thisproprogram gramwill willbebeevaluated evaluatedon-site on-siteforfor fieldparameters parametersand andwater wateravailavailfield ability.Well Wellsamples sampleswill willbebeanaanaability. lyzedforfordrinking drinkingwater waterquality quality lyzed

and andforforindicators indicatorsofofcontamination contamination specific specific toto energy energy development development activities. activities.Selected Selectedwells wellsmust must be be registered registeredwith withthe theGround GroundWater Water Information InformationCenter Center(GWIC). (GWIC). Well Wellsampling samplingand andlab labfees feestototaltalapproximately $1,200 per approximately $1,200 perwell, well, but butaaDNRC DNRCgrant grantcovers coversmost mostofofthe the expense expensesosoValley ValleyCounty Countyresi residents dents can can participate participate inin this this program program forfor$40.00. $40.00.AAsigned signedparticipa participation tion agreementfrom fromthe thewell wellowner ownerisis agreement alsorequired. required.Contact Contactthe theVCCD VCCDofofalso ficeforforananapplication. application. fice

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF SUPERVISORS– Chair Jeff PattisonBOARD ......................Supervisor Jeff Pattison ......................Supervisor – Chair Dick Rohde .......................Supervisor Dick Mason Rohde .......................Supervisor Jody ......................Supervisor JodyGarwood Mason ......................Supervisor Ron ...................Supervisor Ron Garwood ...................Supervisor VACANT ............................Area 5 Supervisor VACANT ............................Area Nancy Heins ......................Urban5 Supervisor Supervisor Nancy Heins ......................Urban Supervisor Vice-Chair/Treas. Vice-Chair/Treas. VACANT ............................Urban Supervisor VACANT ............................Urban Supervisor Allen Bunk ........................Associate, DPRW Allen Bunk ........................Associate, Marvin Tarum ...................Associate, DPRW DPRW MarvinStoneberg-Holt Tarum ...................Associate, Sierra .......Associate DPRW Sierra Stoneberg-Holt .......Associate Penny Shipp .....................Administrator Ext 101 Penny Shipp .....................Administrator Ext 101 NRCS PERSONNEL NRCS PERSONNEL Tracy Cumber ........................................... Ext 126 Tracy Cumber ........................................... Ext 126 District Conservationist District Conservationist Mike Ext.123 123 Mike Lackner Lackner ........................................... ........................................... Ext. Soil Conservationist Soil Conservationist Kevin Ext.130 130 Kevin Farr Farr ................................................ ................................................ Ext. Soil Conservationist Technician Soil Conservationist Technician Levi Ext.118 118 LeviDoll Doll .................................................. .................................................. Ext. Civil Civil Engineeer Engineeer Douglas Ext.122 122 Douglas Jones Jones ......................................... ......................................... Ext. Civil Civil Engineer Engineer Technician Technician John Ext.132 132 John Fahlgren Fahlgren .......................................... .......................................... Ext. Range Range Conservationist Conservationist

Natasha Chamberlain of Fort Fort Peck wins State NACD “Dig “Dig Deeper” poster contest!!

years of dedication volunteered for for youryour 40 40 years of dedication andand volunteered THEDISTRICT DISTRICTHAS HASTHE THEFOLLOWING FOLLOWINGITEMS ITEMSFOR FORSALE SALE THE service to your community surrounding areas service to your community andand surrounding areas as as SURVEY FLAGS — BUNDLES OF 100 ValleyCounty CountyWall WallMap Map....................................$40.00 ....................................$40.00 SURVEY FLAGS — BUNDLES OF 100 Valley Supervisor Valley County Conservation Dis- Flo-Orange 36 Inch Wire Staff ......................... $10.00 Supervisor for for thethe Valley County Conservation DisFlo-Orange 36 Inch Wire Staff ......................... $10.00 since 1974. Your contributions success tricttrict since 1974. Your contributions to to thethe success of of Flo-Orange, #PPLT i.POUBOB /BUJWF 1MBOUT 1FPQMFTw t Flo-Orange, Flo-Lime, White Blue Flo-Lime, White andand Blue #PPLT i.POUBOB /BUJWF 1MBOUT 1FPQMFTw t District deeply appreciated long the the District are are deeply appreciated andand willwill long bebe 30 Inch 30 Inch Wire Staff ...............................................$7.00 “Grassland “GrasslandPlants PlantsofofSouth SouthDakota Dakotaand andthe theNorthern Northern Wire Staff ...............................................$7.00 remembered. remembered. Survey Flagging ........................................ $2.00/Roll (SFBU 1MBJOTw t i 8FFET PG UIF 8FTUw Survey Flagging ........................................ $2.00/Roll (SFBU 1MBJOTw t i8FFET PG UIF 8FTUw 2014 VALLEY COUNTY LANDOWNERBOOKS BOOKS 2014 VALLEY COUNTY LANDOWNER Ortho with Township Page ....................$60.00 TREEPLANTER PLANTERAND ANDAERATOR AERATOR Ortho with (1)(1) Township perper Page ....................$60.00 TREE Non-Ortho (1) Township per Page ....................$50.00 AVAILABLE FOR RENT – CALL FORRATES RATES Non-Ortho (1) Township per Page ....................$50.00 AVAILABLE FOR RENT – CALL FOR

MichaelLackner LacknerFrom FromNRCS NRCS Michael RetiresAfter After3030Years Years Retires States Department of

2015 TreeOrder Orderforms formsare areready! ready!Get Getyour yourtrees treesordered orderedearly early for for the the 2015 Tree best variety and size selection!!!Call CallPenny Penny228-4321 228-4321ext ext101 101or orstop stopby bythe the best variety and size selection!!! States Department of office pick a form. Agriculture, Michael Michael office toto pick upup a form. Agriculture, Lackner will be stepping Lackner will be stepping down retire Janudown to to retire onon January 30, 2015. ary 30, 2015. Michael was involved Michael was involved and assisted with many and assisted with many The Valley County Conservation plication and Conservation Plan acValley County Conser- The and Conservation Plan acValley County Conservation plication Valley County ConserDistrict (VCCD) would like to cording to Section 3 of the USDA, vation District efforts District (VCCD) would like to cording to Section 3 of the vation District efforts Natural Resource andUSDA, Conthank the residents of Valley throughout his years. His thank Natural Resource and Conthe residents of Valley his years. servation Technical Guide, County Conservation District efforts were deeplyHisap- County After 30 years workingthroughout Conservation District servation wereand deeply apAfter 30 Natural years working for passing the ORDINANCE must be Technical submitted.Guide, Conpreciated best wishes for the Resourceefforts for passing the ORDINANCE must be submitted. Conpreciated and best wishes for Conservation the Natural Resource servation plans must adFOR THE PROTECTION OF Service, go out to him for a long FOR THE PROTECTION OF servation plans mustwater adout happy to himretirement. for a long Conservation Service, SOIL AND WATER FROM dress wind erosion, a branch of the Unitedgo and dress wind water SOIL AND WATER FROMor a branch of the United and happy retirement. WILD, FREE ROAMING erosion, theerosion, protection of WILD, FREE ROAMING or erosion, the protection of DOMESTIC BISON/BUFFALO grass waterways, the proper A Note From Michael: DOMESTIC grass waterways, GRAZING.BISON/BUFFALO This is not to be grazing rates, andthe anyproper other A Note From I have been workingMichael: in the NRCS Glasgow Montana Field Of- GRAZING. grazing rates,practices and any which other This is not toWe, be the management viewed as anti-bison. Ifice havesince beenMarch working in the INRCS Glasgow Fieldnow Of- to viewed as anti-bison. We, the of 1987. would like to Montana take the time management which board, fully support bison in agriculprotect the land andpractices water resources fice since 1987.that I would take the time now to thankMarch all theofpeople I havelike hadtothe pleasure to work with board, fullythe support bison in agricul- of from protect the land andTechnical water resources ture and responsible ownership degradation. guides thank allmy thecareer. peopleI that I have hadmore the time pleasure to work over will now have to spend withwith family ture andasthe responsible ownership degradation. guides are available at the Technical USDA Building to them livestock. So what’s next? of from overand my career. will now have moreminded time to person, spend with friends.I Being a community I amfamily sure you themEffective available at development the USDA Building to as livestock. So what’s next? January 1, 2015, if you are are assist with the of a Conand will friends. Being a community mindedand person, am sure you see me running around Glasgow ValleyICounty. Effective January 1, 2015, if you with Plan. the development of a Conservation interested in running bison, anare ap- assist will see me running around Glasgow and Valley County. interested in running bison, an ap- servation Plan.

THANKYOU YOUVALLEY VALLEYCOUNTY COUNTY THANK CONSERVATIONDISTRICT DISTRICTVOTERS VOTERS CONSERVATION

Natasha, at at left, left, wearing wearing her Natasha, her “Dig “Dig Deeper” Deeper” Tee Shirt given to her by Nancy Heins. Tee Shirt given to her by Nancy Heins.

Natasha Chamberlain Chamberlain of Natasha of Fort Fort Peck received a tee shirt from Peck received a tee shirt from ValValley County Conservation District ley County Conservation District Supervisor Nancy Heins for winning Supervisor Nancy Heins for winning the National Area Conservation the National Area Conservation Districts state of Montana poster Districts state of Montana poster contest. contest. Natasha is vice president of is vice president of herNatasha junior class at Nashua High her junior class at Nashua High School and plans a nursing career. School andacademic. plans a nursing She is very She is career. on She is very academic. the Nashua Honor RollShe andisinonthe the Nashua Honor Roll and in theis National Honor Society. Natasha National Honor Society. Natasha also active in sports and extra cur-is also active in sports cur-of ricular activities. Sheand wasextra captain ricular activities. Sheteam waswhich captain of the girls basketball was the girls basketball team which was selected as the second team in All selected as the team in All Conference. Shesecond recently attended Conference. She recently attended the “Aim High” leadership conferthe “Aim High”Falls. leadership conference in Great ence in Great Falls. Natasha!! Congratulations Congratulations Natasha!!

ForThe TheBirds Birds For

BeingThis ThisWay WayIsIsA A Good Thing Being Good Thing For / Page 2 2 ForHi-Line Hi-LineBird BirdCounters Counters / Page

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FARM & RANCH FARM RANCH FARM && RANCH

20152015 22 2 January January January 2015

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2011MFBF MFBFConvention ConventionRecap: Recap:USDA USDACuts, Cuts,Child ChildLabor LaborKey KeyTopics Topics 2011 2011MFBF MFBFConvention ConventionRecap: Recap:USDA USDACuts, Cuts,Child ChildLabor LaborKey KeyTopics Topics 2011

knowledge, further she beliewed or ranch or ranch without restrictions – unless Labor’s proposed destroy job opFOR HI-LINE & RANCH knowledge, further said said that that she beliewed without restrictions – unless it’s it’s Labor’s proposed rulesrules will will destroy job opFOR HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH “conservation programs a large parents’ place. portunities for young people damage What’s going to happen the Farm “conservation programs will will be abe large part part theirtheir parents’ place. portunities for young people and and damage the the What’s going to happen withwith the Farm of cuts, the cuts, reductions in Conservation “That “That leaves out aunts, uncles, grandnation’s nation’s economy. the Department of Labor’s withwith reductions in Conservation leaves out aunts, uncles, grandeconomy. Bill Bill and and the Department of Labor’s over-over- of the Reserve Program land. is land in CRPparents, parents, or even having a–neighbor kidit’s over Labor’s “The Department of will Labor’s reasoning on labor” hot topics knowledge, further said that she beliewed or ranch without restrictions – unless Labor’s proposed destroy job opReserve Program land. There is land in CRP or even having a neighbor kidit’s over “The Department ofrules Labor’s reasoning FOR HI-LINE FARM &topics RANCH reachreach on “child labor” were hot knowledge, further said thatThere she beliewed or ranch without restrictions unless proposed rules will destroy job opFOR“child HI-LINE FARM &were RANCH that erodible and should nota even toparents’ help stack hay bales,” Thatcher. portunities for these is that kids like me,the during the going Montana Farm Bureau Convenprograms will large part their their parents’ place. portunities forpolicies young people that “conservation isn’tisn’t erodible and should notabe even be to help stack hay bales,” notesnotes Thatcher. for these new policies is that kidsand likedamage me,the What’s to happen with the Farm “conservation during the Montana Farm Bureau Convenprograms will be large partbe place. fornew young people and damage What’s going to happen with the Farm part ofcuts, the There may be some “Under the proposed rules kids under the nation’s the ones under 16, lack cognitive ability tion Nov. 6-9Missoula. in Missoula. Farm of of the with reductions in “That leaves out aunts, grandnation’s economy. partthe ofcuts, the program. There may be Conservation some cuts cuts“Under the proposed rules kidsuncles, under the the ones under 16, lack cognitive ability to to the Department ofAmerican Labor’s overtion Bill Nov.and 6-9Department in Farm withprogram. reductions in Conservation “That leaves out aunts, uncles, grandeconomy. Bill and the ofAmerican Labor’s overin working lands Right age16of 16 be able to bale milkperform perform these tasks. Iofhave been working Bureau Policy Director Reserve Program land. There is land in there CRPparents, parents, orwouldn’t even kid over “The Labor’s reasoning in working lands programs. Right now there age of behaving able toa neighbor bale hay, milk theseDepartment tasks. Iofhave been working onPublic “child labor” were hotMary topics Bureau Policy Director KayKay Reserve Program land.programs. There is land innow CRP orwouldn’t even having a neighbor kid hay, over “The Department Labor’s reasoning reachreach onPublic “child labor” were hotMary topics are 23 conservation programs; Farm cows, help with newborn calves or sucklingfor with animals, operating and ridThatcher theFarm ever-changing infor- that that isn’t erodible and should not even be to to help stack hay bales,” notes for these policies ismachinery that are 23 conservation programs; Farm Bureau cows, help with newborn calves or Thatcher. suckling withthese animals, operating andlike rid-me, during thecovered Montana Bureau ConvenThatcher theFarm ever-changing inforisn’t erodible and should not even beBureau help stack hay bales,” notes Thatcher. newnew policies ismachinery that kidskids like me, during thecovered Montana Bureau Convenhas long a proponent of piglets, or arules horse to gather ing ones horses all my life and suddenly my mation about the Farm Bill.American part of thebeen There may be some “Under theeven proposed kids under the the the 16,and lack cognitive to been aprogram. proponent of combining or ride ride arules horse to gather cattle. ing ones horses allunder my suddenly myability age tion Nov. 6-9Missoula. in Missoula. mation about the Farm Bill.American partlong of the program. There may becombining some cuts cutspiglets, “Under theeven proposed kids under the cattle. under 16,life lack cognitive ability to age tion Nov. 6-9 in FarmFarm has some oflands them. I suspect that when the dust Farmers ranchers speak up milk and perform is what determines my ‘cognitive ability,’” Although the so-called congressional in working programs. Right now thereage age 16and wouldn’t be need able to bale perform these tasks. I have working some of them. Ilands suspect thatRight when the dust Farmers and ranchers speak uphay, and is what determines my ‘cognitive ability,’” Bureau Public Policy Director Mary Although the so-called congressional working programs. now there of 16of wouldn’t be need able to bale hay, milk these tasks. I have beenbeen working Bureau Public Policy Director Mary KayKay in clears, there be five or Farm less programs.” say how outrageous this is. Visit www.reguPrince said inspeech. his speech. “Super Committee” the convention areconservation 23 conservation programs; Farm Bureaucows, cows, help with newborn calves or sucklingwith with animals, operating machinery clears, there will will be programs; five or less programs.” say how outrageous this is. Visit www.reguPrince said in operating his Thatcher covered theafter ever-changing infor- are “Super Committee” the convention 23 Bureau help with newborn calves or suckling animals, machinery and and rid- ridThatcher covered theafter ever-changing inforThatcher explained a proposal for comlations.gov to file comments on the rule.” Prince said because of work the work ag failed to come up with a deficit reduction has long been a proponent of combining piglets, or even ride a horse to gather cattle. ing horses all my life suddenly mykids age Thatcher explained a proposal for comlations.gov to file comments on the rule.” Prince said because of and the ag mation about the Farm Bill. failed to come up with a deficit reduction has long been a proponent of combining piglets, or even ride a horse to gather cattle. ing horses all my life and suddenly mykids age mation about the Farm Bill. modity noting that with cuts, Farmers Even the youth who be doawhat at a young have aability,’” strong work plan as some expected, its congressional earlier to cutsome some ofprograms, them. I suspect when the dust Farmers ranchers need to up and is determines my ability,’” modity noting thatthat with cuts, Even the and youth who would bespeak affected dowhat atis young age,age, they have‘cognitive a strong work the so-called plan as Although some expected, its congressional earlier ideaidea to cut ofprograms, them. I suspect that when the dust and ranchers need towould speak up affected and determines my they ‘cognitive Although the so-called it’s done there can a safety say by laws are out. During Prince ethic, responsibility. billion outthe ofafter theafter USDA clears, there will be five or still less programs.” saythese how this is. www.reguPrince said inspeech. his speech. if it’sif done right, there can be abe safety by these lawsoutrageous are speaking out.Visit During ethic, resourcefulness and and responsibility. “Super Committee” the budget convention $23 $23 billion out of USDA budget drewdrew clears, there willright, be five or still less programs.” how outrageous thisspeaking is. Visit www.regusaidresourcefulness in his “Super Committee” the convention net for agriculture. the Montana Farm Bureau Foundation’s “In a time when our country iswork battling comments from Thatcher. Thatcher explained a proposal for comlations.gov to file comments on the rule.” Prince said because of the ag kids net for agriculture. the Montana Farm Bureau Foundation’s “In a time when our country is battling failed to come up with a deficit reduction comments from Thatcher. Thatcher explained a proposal for comlations.gov to file comments on the rule.” Prince said because of the work ag kids failed to come up with a deficit reduction Another topic ofnoting discussion was thecuts, De- Youth Youth Contest, Garett Prince a struggling economy and is definitely going totakbe modity programs, the Even theContest, youth would be affected doa at a young age, they a strong Another topic ofnoting discussion waswith thecuts, DeSpeech Garett Prince fromfromdo unemployment, a struggling economy andwork plan as some its earlier idea to takcutmodity “Agriculture isexpected, definitely going to be programs, that that with the Even theSpeech youth whowho would be affected atunemployment, young age, they havehave a strong work plan as “Agriculture some expected, its earlier idea to cut partment of Labor’s proposed restrictions on Drummond had a lot to say on that exact generation of unmotivated youth, our goving a good share of cuts,” she said. “Howif it’s done right, there can still be a safety by these laws are speaking out. During ethic, resourcefulness and responsibility. partment of Labor’s proposed restrictions on Drummond had a lot to say on that exact generation of unmotivated youth, our govbillion out of the USDA budget ing a$23 good share ofthe cuts,” shebudget said. “Howby these laws are speaking out. During ethic, resourcefulness and responsibility. $23 billion out of USDA drewdrew if it’s done right, there can still be a safety children working in agriculture. Under subject. ernment is when going to un-employ thousands ever, it’s better toThatcher. deal in this children netagriculture. for agriculture. the Montana Farm Bureau Foundation’s “In aistime our country is battling working in agriculture. Under the the the subject. ernment going to un-employ thousands of of from ever,comments it’s better toThatcher. deal withwith this this nownow in this net for Montana Farm Bureau Foundation’s a“In time when our country is battling comments from proposed rules, under thewas age16 of 16 “I only am only 12 years old and IPrince help run theunemployment, hard-working individuals? That just doesn’t committee waiting next year.” Another topic of discussion the De- Youth Speech Contest, Garett from unemployment, a struggling economy and rules, youth under thewas age of “IYouth am 12 years old and IPrince help run the hard-working individuals? That just doesn’t “Agriculture is definitely totakbe tak-proposed committee thanthan waiting untiluntil nextgoing year.” Another topic of youth discussion the DeSpeech Contest, Garett from a struggling economy and “Agriculture is definitely going to be would not beLabor’s able do any labor aon farm ranch hashad insay my family for over make sense. hope the youth, Department of govLabor Thatcher, basing her comments on currentwould partment of proposed restrictions onranch Drummond lot to say on over that exact make generation ofI unmotivated youth, our notofbe able to proposed dotoany labor on aon farm that that hashad been inamy family for sense. hope the Department of govLabor a good share of comments cuts,” she said. “Howbasing her on current partment Labor’s restrictions Drummond a been lot to on that exact generation ofI unmotivated our ingThatcher, aing good share of cuts,” she said. “How140 years,” Prince inspeech his speech wakes up that who children working in agriculture. Under ernment isand going tothat un-employ 140 subject. years,” Prince said said in his that that ernment wakes upisand realizes kidskids whothousands startstart it’s better to deal in this children working in agriculture. Under the the subject. going torealizes un-employ thousands of of ever,ever, it’s better to deal withwith this this nownow in this second in the junior working before turning 16 years old are proposed rules, youth under the of age16of 16 won “Ihim am only 12 place years old and Idivision. help run theworking hard-working individuals? just him second in junior longlong before turning 16That years olddoesn’t are committee waiting year.” proposed rules, youth under the age “Iwon am only 12 place years oldthe and I help rundivision. the hard-working individuals? That just doesn’t committee thanthan waiting untiluntil nextnext year.” “Ithat plan to remain part of agricultural thefor agricultural thesense. ones are not standing inofunemthe would notable be able do any a farm ranch ranch that hasabeen in family my family for over make make sense. Inot hope the Department ofunemLabor “I plan to remain part of the the ones who are standing in the Thatcher, basing her comments on currentwould not be to dotoany laborlabor on aon farm has been inamy over Iwho hope the Department Labor Thatcher, basing her comments on current industry and hope to mythat involveployment line by age the age ofkids 25.”who 140 years,” Prince said inspeech his speech that wakes wakes up and realizes that industry andPrince hope to continue my involveployment line by the 25.” 140 years,” said incontinue his up and realizes thatof kids who startstart ment in family’s my family’s operation. Other hot button issues the are conhim second place in junior the junior division. working before turning 16 old are ment in my ranching operation. It ItBONNIE Other hot/ long button issues during theyears conBONNIE DAVIDSON /GLASGOW THE GLASGOW COURIER wonwon him second place in ranching the division. working long before turning 16during years old DAVIDSON THE COURIER scares me to think my future career and the vention were the proposal to move Yellow“I plan to remain a part of the agricultural the ones who are not standing in the unemscares me to think my future career and the vention were the proposal to move Yellow“I plan to remain a part of the agricultural the ones who are not standing in the unemCharles “Chuck” Carlson looks for birds around the Downstream Campground area in Fort Peck during the Christmas Bird Count. He spends time throughout the Charles “Chuck” Carlson looks for birds around the Downstream Campground area in Fort Peck during the Christmas Bird Count. He spends time throughout the future of and my hope family’s ranch may beinvolveon the ployment National Park four locations industry to continue my ployment by thebison age ofto25.” future of and my family’s ranch may beinvolveon the stonestone National Park bison to25.” four locations industry hope to continue my line line by the age of spotting a year he gathers a crew forannual the annual count. yearyear spotting birds.birds. One One day aday year he gathers a crew for the count. line today.” around risk management and in family’s my family’s ranching operation. Other hot button issues during the conline ment today.” Montana, risk management and ment in my ranching operation. It It around Other hotMontana, button issues during the conPrince believes the Department estate taxwere planning. scares methink to think my future career vention the proposal to move YellowPrince believes the Department ofandofand estate taxwere planning. scares me to my future career the the vention the proposal to move Yellowfuture of family’s my family’s ranch bethe on the stonestone National bison to four locations future of my ranch maymay be on National ParkPark bison to four locations today.” around Montana, management line line today.” around Montana, risk risk management and and Prince believes the Department estate tax planning. Prince believes the Department of of estate tax planning.

NEWTONMOTORS, MOTORS,INC INC NEWTON NEWTON MOTORS, INC. NEWTON MOTORS, INC. NEW & USED TRUCKS & CARS NEW & USED TRUCKS & CARS E NJOYING HEVV IEW E NJOYING HE IEW NEWTON MOTORS, INC TT NEWTON MOTORS, INC NEW&& USEDCARS CARS NEW USED

NEWTON MOTORS, INC. NEWTON MOTORS, INC. CHEVROLET CHEVROLET NEW& &USED USED TRUCKS &Species CARS More Than 120 Have Been Spotted Fort Peck Bird Count NEW TRUCKS &Species CARS More Than 120 Have Been Spotted AtAt Fort Peck Bird Count NEW USED CARS NEW &&USED CARS BY BONNIE DAVIDSION (BLM) Wildlife Parks warmed up and munched on muffins tryside, sounds of “chirp, chirping,” BONNIE DAVIDSION (BLM) and and Fish,Fish, Wildlife and and Parks warmed up and munched on muffins bebe- tryside, sounds of “chirp, chirping,” or or mentment CHEVROLET All In One Convenient CHEVROLET In One Convenient Location All In One Convenient Location. AllTHEBYAll In One Convenient Location THE GLASGOW COURIER (FWP). Some because heading out in country. the country. They “pisshhhhing” are heard. Farmers (FWP). GLASGOW COURIER Some just just werewere therethere because of of forefore heading outLocation. in the They all all eveneven “pisshhhhing” are heard. Farmers of440 just dozen had aFairgrounds mission to accomplish. ranchers might other interest in birds. the birds. A few 440about Hwy 2~aW ~ Glasgow ~ Across from Fairgrounds of just about had a mission to accomplish. and and ranchers might havehave seenseen other birdbird theirtheir interest in the A few firstfirst tim-timHwy 2aWdozen Glasgow ~ Across from GMCcrew GMCcrew ers showed up to make the trek around discussed the areas they would This was the 40th annual Fort Peck counters traveling around the state into 406-228-9325 ~ 1-800-255-1472 ~ 406-228-4381 ers showed up to make the trek around a a discussed the areas they would This was the 40th annual Fort Peck counters traveling around the state into 406-228-9325 ~ 1-800-255-1472 ~ 406-228-4381 Certiﬁed All In One Convenient Location. Certiﬁed In One Convenient Location All In One Convenient Location. All One Convenient Location beIn covering. ItFamily resembled a Christmas Bird Count. the New Year, binoculars hanging out the seven and a half mile circle radius around beAll covering. It resembled a Christmas Bird Count. the New Year, binoculars hanging out the seven and a half mile circle radius around Family owned by the Newton Boys owned by the Newton Boys Service

AA

440 Highway W. • Glasgow 440 Highway #2 W. #2 • Glasgow Across from Fairgrounds Across from Fairgrounds

406-228-9326 406-228-9326 1-800-255-1472 • 406-228-4381 1-800-255-1472 • 406-228-4381

Service search party, a& scavenger Bird Sometimes with theRent windows 440 Hwy W ~ Glasgow ~440 Across from Fairgrounds Rent A Carrolled search party, or aor scavenger Bird Sometimes with 440 Hwy 2hunt. W 2~hunt. Glasgow ~440 Across from Fairgrounds A Carrolled Auto Parts & Repair Center See Doug, Andy, Terry, Kenny or Ted Family owned by the Boyswindows Auto Parts Repair Center See Doug, Andy, Terry, Kenny or Ted Family owned by Boysthe Highway #2 W. •Newton Glasgow GMC Highway #2the W. •Newton Glasgow GMC coffee satthe on406-228-9325 the406-228-9325 counter the crew down as they all over the counAcross from Fairgrounds ~ 1-800-255-1472 ~they 406-228-4381 coffee cupscups sat on counter as the crew down as looklook all over the counAcross from Fairgrounds ~as 1-800-255-1472 ~ 406-228-4381 Certiﬁed Certiﬁed 406-228-9326 406-228-9326 Family owned byNewton the Newton Family owned by1-800-255-1472 the Boys•Boys 406-228-4381 1-800-255-1472 • 406-228-4381 Service Service CarA Car &See Repair Center See Doug, Andy, Terry, Kenny or Newton TedBoysBoys Rent ARent Family owned byNewton the AutoAuto PartsParts & Repair Center Doug, Andy, Terry, Kenny or Ted Family owned by the

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1st Ave. North 1st Ave. North Glasgow, MT 59230 Glasgow, MTElevator 59230 Farmers Elevator Farmers Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 1st Ave. North 1st Ave. North Glasgow, 59230 Glasgow, MT MT 59230

Drivers spotters window, as worldwide the worldwide count contin- FortFort PeckPeck flagflag pole.pole. Drivers had had spotters window, as the count continin car the to carhelp to help are someued.ued. in the findfind birdsbirds that that are some“We've spotted species times impossible to see. “We've spotted overover 122 122 species (at (at times impossible to see. Peck) the years,” Charles Boyer participated FortFort Peck) overover the years,” Charles TomTom Boyer participated last last yearyear in in “Chuck” Carlson of Fort a North Dakota count, “Chuck” Carlson of Fort PeckPeck said.said. “Our“Our a North Dakota count, but but this this waswas his his counting in Montana. He made average is probably around firstfirst yearyear counting in Montana. He made average is probably around 45.”45.” Birding, or bird watching, a major a sharp a sharp spotting a sharp-shinned hawk Birding, or bird watching, is a is major spotting of aof sharp-shinned hawk eating a blue jay lunch. for lunch. hobby for Carlson, hobby waswas eating a blue jay for TheThe hobby for Carlson, but but that that hobby has has that that spilled the next generationsbirdbird nearly impossible to spot spilled overover intointo the next two two generations waswas nearly impossible to spot as itas it of family. his family. Others showed up to blended blended in with a tree sat It on.was It was of his Others whowho showed up to in with a tree that that it satit on. gothe on annual the annual Christmas count onlyonly the slight movement of head the head go on Christmas birdbird count the slight movement of the that that worked for Bureau of Land Manageworked for Bureau of Land ManageCONTINUED ON PAGE CONTINUED ON PAGE 3 3

About Cover Photo: Snowy Owl About TheThe Cover Photo: Snowy Owl

Naturally, whipped out camera. her camera. Snowy are expected to have Snowy owlsowls are expected to have quitequite Naturally, she she whipped out her a presence along the Hi-Line winter, "It was perched a post by the a presence along the Hi-Line this this winter, "It was perched on aon post rightright by the but they distance at least highway," Doebler drove on by, but they keptkept theirtheir distance – at –least out out highway," Doebler said.said. "We"We drove on by, in open the open – during the annual turned around I could in the – during the annual FortFort PeckPeck turned around and and wentwent backback so I so could shoot out side my side of car. the car. I managed Christmas Count. Christmas BirdBird Count. shoot out my of the I managed Award-winning Hinsdale quick before it took Award-winning Hinsdale birdbird and and fourfour quick shotsshots before it took off. off. nature photographer Mona Doebler spotted "I’ve"I’ve hearing there’s going beenbeen hearing there’s going to beto be nature photographer Mona Doebler spotted an eruption of Snowy the Snowy Owls in our the snowy pictured on cover the cover alongan eruption the snowy owl owl pictured on the along of the Owls in our areaarea Highway on Dec. 9. She her husband again this winter." Highway 2 on2Dec. 9. She and and her husband again this winter." Monday Saturday 215 4th St S. Monday Saturday 215 4th St S. 8:30 to a.m. to p.m. 5:00 p.m. driving to Glasgow. – Jim 5:00 werewere driving to Glasgow. – Jim Orr Glasgow, MTOrr 8:30 a.m. Glasgow, MT

SeasonsGreetings! Greetings! Seasons SPORTS&& SPORTS WESTERN WESTERN Seasons Greetings! Seasons Greetings! SPORTS &CENTRAL SPORTS &CENTRAL YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE MONTHLY NORTHEAST & NORTH MONTANA. YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE AG AG MONTHLY FORFOR NORTHEAST & NORTH MONTANA. Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571 Fertilizer Plant • 228-2571

Sundays - Noon OpenOpen Sundays - Noon to to

4:00 through p.m. through Christmas 228-9363 4:00 p.m. Christmas (406)(406) 228-9363 Monday - Saturday 215 St 4thS.St S. Monday - Saturday 215 4th 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. p.m. Glasgow, Glasgow, MT MT

Sundays - Noon OpenOpen Sundays - Noon to to WESTERN 4:00 through p.m. through Christmas WESTERN 228-9363 4:00 p.m. Christmas (406)(406) 228-9363

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PARTNERSLLCLLC AGAGPARTNERS Rogge, Missouri DeanDean Rogge, Missouri Conservation RiverRiver Conservation Districts Council Districts Council chairman chairman fromfrom the the Garfield County Garfield County Conservaton District, Conservaton District, MRCDC coordinator MRCDC coordinator Rachel Rachel FrostFrost and and Wanderaas SteveSteve Wanderaas fromfrom the McCone County the McCone County Conservation District Conservation District outside posepose outside the the regional offices of the regional offices of the in Denver. U.S. U.S. FWS FWS in Denver. Inside, important Inside, important discussions discussions werewere held.held.

Stop and visit Stop byby and visit with about your with usus about your Agronomy Needs Agronomy Needs FOR HI-LINE & RANCH FOR HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH

AreaConservation ConservationDistrict DistrictReps RepsVisit VisitFWS FWSInInDenver Denver Area Talks Include CMR’s Direction Under New Manager, Sage Grouse Efforts Talks Include CMR’s Direction Under New Manager, Sage Grouse Efforts

* Pre-Buy Fertilizer Pricing * Pre-Buy Fertilizer Pricing * Pre-Buy Chemical Pricing * Pre-Buy Chemical Pricing * Winter Spreading * Winter Spreading

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Your Agronomy ForFor All All Of Of Your Agronomy Needs Year Round Needs Year Round

FOR HI-LINE & RANCH andimportance the importance ofCMR the CMR maintain-making making process employed by FWS and educaFOR HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH and the of the staffstaff maintainprocess employed by FWS and educaIt’s hard a cowboy hat into an airplaneing involvement ing involvement the group. tional opportunities for landowners to underIt’s hard to fittoa fit cowboy hat into an airplane withwith the group. tional opportunities for landowners to underask Missouri River Conservation briefed Blenden on current the implications of having an endangered seat.seat. Just Just ask Missouri River Conservation ThenThen theythey briefed Blenden on current co- co- standstand the implications of having an endangered Districts Council (MRCDC) members operative conservation efforts spearheaded species on their MRCDC Districts Council (MRCDC) members DeanDean operative conservation efforts spearheaded by by species on their land.land. MRCDC will will workwork withwith Rogge and Steve Wanderaas, traveled the CDs the CDs involved the refuge a partner, the Montana the Montana Association of Conservation Rogge and Steve Wanderaas, whowho traveled that that involved the refuge as a as partner, Association of Conservation Glasgow – 228-2571 Glasgow – 228-2571 to Denver MRCDC coordinator Rachel suchsuch asMontana the Montana Saltcedar Team and the Districts Districts (MACD) and other groups to bring to Denver withwith MRCDC coordinator Rachel as the Saltcedar Team and the (MACD) and other groups to bring Customer Owned Co-op YourYour Customer Owned Co-op to meet and Wildlife Montana Grouse Initiative (SGI) educational opportunities to Montana FrostFrost to meet withwith U.S.U.S. FishFish and Wildlife Ser- Ser- Montana SageSage Grouse Initiative (SGI) pro-pro- thesethese educational opportunities to Montana (FWS) personnel the regional offices. gram. gram. Blenden understandably impressed vicevice (FWS) personnel at theatregional offices. Blenden was was understandably impressed reason formeeting the meeting 1.1 million by the byextent the extent of positive activities initiated The The reason for the was was 1.1 million of positive activities initiated by by inheart the heart of Montana, better known the local and intrigued the extent acresacres in the of Montana, better known as as the local CDsCDs and intrigued at theatextent to to the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife which districts reached outthe toRefuge the Refuge the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Ref-Ref- which districts havehave reached out to uge (CMR NWR). retirement of former as partners. as partners. uge (CMR NWR). The The retirement of former Dear Patron: Dear Patron: refuge manager has the leftrefuge the refuge any conservation be successrefuge manager RickRick PottsPotts has left “For“For any conservation efforteffort to betosuccessandsurrounding the surrounding communities wondering ful, itful, hashave to have buy-in and support,” and the communities wondering hasit to locallocal buy-in and support,” annual meeting Grain Growers be called TheThe annual meeting for for Grain Growers OilOil Co.Co. willwill be called to to the new project leader be what and what Rogge Rogge advocated. whowho the new project leader will will be and advocated. direction choose forrefuge. the refuge. Blenden agreed and conveyed direction theythey will will choose for the MikeMike Blenden agreed and conveyed that that order Monday, January 19, 2015 at Dutch Henry’s in Peerless, order Monday, January 19, 2015 at Dutch Henry’s in Peerless, As founders ofCharles the Charles M. Russell the new erarefuge for refuge management As founders of the M. Russell the new era for management was was to to MT.MT. NWR Community Working Group (CMR in cooperation the local commuNWR Community Working Group (CMR workwork in cooperation withwith the local commu2014 audit be presented. Please on attending. TheThe 2014 audit willwill be presented. Please planplan on attending. CWG), the MRCDC a vested interest andoperate not operate an island of federal CWG), the MRCDC has ahas vested interest in in nity,nity, and not as anasisland of federal the new project leader and high hopes for theirlandland a completely different management Registration begins at 5:00 P.M. Dinner be served at 6:00 the new project leader and high hopes for their withwith a completely different management Registration begins at 5:00 P.M. Dinner willwill be served at 6:00 desire to work the surrounding landown- objective. objective. Mr. Blenden expressed his interest desire to work withwith the surrounding landownMr. Blenden expressed his interest P.M. business meeting follow. P.M. andand business meeting willwill follow. ers community. and community. in attending a CMR CWG meeting in person ers and in attending a CMR CWG meeting in person intended to convey the inter- and aand a new-found appreciation forlocal the local The The visitvisit was was intended to convey the internew-found appreciation for the Grain Growers Grain Growers OilOil Co.Co. est that landowners in leveraging conser- communities communities and their potential to enhance est that landowners havehave in leveraging conserand their potential to enhance the the Mike Bekker, Sec.-Treas. Mike Bekker, Sec.-Treas. vation in partnership the refuge. Despite overall overall experience ofCMR. the CMR. vation in partnership withwith the refuge. Despite experience of the the large ofCMR, the CMR, it iscapable not capable MRCDC believes the meeting setstage the stage the large size size of the it is not of of MRCDC believes the meeting set the COMPANY OIL OIL COMPANY supporting the desired populations of wildlife for afor a positive relationship between supporting the desired populations of wildlife positive relationship between CDsCDs and and P.O. 847 Box•847 • Scobey, Montana P.O. Box Scobey, Montana Montana special. Bucouncil the council the new the new refuge manager, should on the that that makemake Montana special. Bu the refuge manager, whowho should be onbethe private landowners and public job sometime job sometime in 2015. sayssays that that whenwhen private landowners and public earlyearly in 2015. Dear Patron: Dear Patron: managers communicate and work toward The The tripDenver to Denver concluded a short landland managers communicate and work toward trip to concluded withwith a short common while protecting the economic meeting meeting Michael Thabault, assistant common goalsgoals while protecting the economic withwith Michael Thabault, assistant annual meeting PRO Co-op called to order TheThe annual meeting for for PRO Co-op willwill be be called to order viability a region, amazing things canacbe ac-regional regional director of Ecological Services. viability of a of region, amazing things can be director of Ecological Services. Mr. Mr. complished inname the name of conservation. Thabault is leading the service’s efforts Monday, January 19, 2015 at Dutch Henry’s in Peerless, complished in the of conservation. Thabault is leading the service’s efforts to to Monday, January 19, 2015 at Dutch Henry’s in Peerless, MT.MT. Rogge and Wanderaas, ranchers, determine determine the Greater Grouse should Rogge and Wanderaas, bothboth areaarea ranchers, if theifGreater SageSage Grouse should 2014 audit be presented. Please on attending. TheThe 2014 audit willwill be presented. Please planplan on attending. expressed convictions to Mike Blenbe listed as endangered. expressed thesethese convictions to Mike Blenbe listed as endangered. Registration begins at 5:00 P.M. Dinner will be served at 6:00 Registration begins at 5:00 P.M. Dinner will be served at 6:00 regional refuge manager for Montana, Rogge and Wanderaas conveyed the comden,den, regional refuge manager for Montana, Rogge and Wanderaas conveyed the comWyoming, and Nevada his office in Denver. mitment mitment of Montana landowners to creating P.M. business meeting follow. Wyoming, and Nevada at hisatoffice in Denver. of Montana landowners to creating P.M. andand business meeting willwill follow. ranchers described the CMR Community a similar a similar success for sage grouse as the The The ranchers described the CMR Community success storystory for sage grouse as the Working Group anddiverse its diverse members of Arctic graying inBig the Hole Big Hole Valley, Working Group and its members rang-rang-storystory of Arctic graying in the Valley, ing from landowners, Conservation District where where it was recently determined the speing from landowners, Conservation District it was recently determined that that the spePRO Co-op PRO Co-op supervisors, non-governmental organiza-cies cies didwarrant not warrant federal protection. (CD)(CD) supervisors, non-governmental organizadid not federal protection. P.O. 847 Box•847 • Scobey, Montana Mike Bekker, Sec.-Treas. P.O. Box Scobey, Montana Mike Bekker, Sec.-Treas. (NGOs), agencies and interested citizens, Thabault Thabault provided insight ondecision the decision tionstions (NGOs), agencies and interested citizens, provided insight on the

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Farmer, banker and â&#x20AC;&#x153;Market Farmer, banker and â&#x20AC;&#x153;Market to Marketâ&#x20AC;? television to Marketâ&#x20AC;? television personality Mike Pearson personality Mike Pearson keeps viewers informed as keeps viewers informed as host of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weekly Journal host of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weekly Journal of Rural America.â&#x20AC;? At the New of Rural America.â&#x20AC;? At the New Trends in Ag seminar, he will Trends in Ag seminar, he will be presenting a look at what be presenting a look at what you might see during the you might see during the upcoming year in agriculture. upcoming year in agriculture.

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YOUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;RE READING HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH â&#x20AC;&#x201C; THEâ&#x20AC;&#x201C; AG FOR FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA. YOUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;RE READING HI-LINE & RANCH THEMONTHLY AG MONTHLY NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA.

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and a master's degree in agricultural economics FOR HI-LINE FARM & RANCH Western North Dakota,â&#x20AC;? chamber executive and a master's degree in agricultural economics FOR HI-LINE FARM & RANCH Western North Dakota,â&#x20AC;? chamber executive The Glasgow Area Chamber of Commerce director Lisa Olk said. (1967) degrees from Pennsylvania State UniThe Glasgow Area Chamber of Commerce director Lisa Olk said. (1967) degrees from Pennsylvania State UniKeynote speakers for 2015 are Barry versity and a doctorate in agricultural econom& Agriculture, Glasgow Implement Dealers Keynote speakers for 2015 are Barry versity and a doctorate in agricultural econom& Agriculture, Glasgow Implement Dealers ics (1971) from Purdue University. and Montana Wheat & Barley Committee will Flinchbaugh and Bob Stougaard. ics (1971) from Purdue University. and Montana Wheat & Barley Committee will Flinchbaugh and Bob Stougaard. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weed science and small grain agronomic present New Trends in Agriculture seminar â&#x20AC;&#x153;What to expect from Washington in 2015 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weed science and small grain agronomic present New Trends in Agriculture seminar â&#x20AC;&#x153;What to expect from Washington in 2015 and beyond,â&#x20AC;? will be the focus of Flinchresearch updates,â&#x20AC;? will be the focus of Bob Jan. 14 in Glasgow. and beyond,â&#x20AC;? will be the focus of Flinchresearch updates,â&#x20AC;? will be the focus of Bob Jan. 14 in Glasgow. Stougaardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presentation. baughâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presentation. Flinchbaugh is a profesThis will be the ninth agriculture seminar Stougaardâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presentation. baughâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s presentation. Flinchbaugh is a profesThis will be the ninth agriculture seminar sor of agricultural economics at Kansas State Stougaard received his bachelor's degree in sponsored by the Chamber Agriculture Comsor of agricultural economics at Kansas State Stougaard received his bachelor's degree in sponsored by the Chamber Agriculture Comsoil science from the University of Wisconsin mittee. The event has become a signature event University. Flinchbaugh joined Kansas State soil science from the University of Wisconsin mittee. The event has become a signature event University. Flinchbaugh joined Kansas State University, Manhatten, Kansas, in 1971. He in 1978. He later earned his master's degree in on the local ag scene and draws good crowds. University, Manhatten, Kansas, in 1971. He in 1978. He later earned his master's degree in on the local ag scene and draws good crowds. weed science from Southern Illinois University teaches a junior-senior level course in agriculâ&#x20AC;&#x153;We are able to book nationally recognized weed science from Southern Illinois University teaches a junior-senior level course in agriculâ&#x20AC;&#x153;We are able to book nationally recognized keynote speakers and provide regional, national tural policy and lectures throughout Kansas and in 1983 and his doctorate in weed science from keynote speakers and provide regional, national tural policy and lectures throughout Kansas and in 1983 and his doctorate in weed science from and global trends with agriculture producthe nation on agricultural and economic policy. the University of Nebraska in 1987. and global trends with agriculture producthe nation on agricultural and economic policy. the University of Nebraska in 1987. A native of York, Pa., Flinchbaugh holds He then joined the faculty at the University ers and industry representatives from Iowa, A native of York, Pa., Flinchbaugh holds He then joined the faculty at the University ers and industry representatives from Iowa, of Nebraska as the extension weed speciala bachelor's degree in animal science (1964) Nebraska, Kansas, Northeastern Montana and of Nebraska as the extension weed speciala bachelor's degree in animal science (1964) Nebraska, Kansas, Northeastern Montana and ist for agronomic crops. He left Nebraska in ist for agronomic crops. He left Nebraska in 1991 for his current position with the Montana 1991 for his current position with the Montana State University at the Northwestern AgriculState University at the Northwestern Agricultural Research Center near Kalispell. Current tural Research Center near Kalispell. Current Linda & Mark Nielsen, research areas focus on the biology and manSERVING AREA â&#x153;Ż Linda & Mark Nielsen, research areas focus on the biology and manS ERVING A REA Owners â&#x153;Ż agement of the orange wheat blossom midge, Owners agement of the orange wheat blossom midge, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS Iva Murch, Manager management of stripe rust in wheat, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS integrated Iva Murch, Manager integrated management of stripe rust in wheat, 263-7529 FOR 69 YEARS! and the development of competitive cropping 263-7529 OR 69 YEARS! F and the development of competitive cropping Dean Barnes, Yard Manager systems. Dean Barnes, Yard Manager 1946 - 2015 systems. 263-1175 1946 2015 Meanwhile, farmer, banker and â&#x20AC;&#x153;Market to 263-1175 Ed Hinton, Auctioneer Meanwhile, farmer, banker and â&#x20AC;&#x153;Market to Ed Hinton, Auctioneer Marketâ&#x20AC;? host Mike Pearson keeps viewers in783-7285 Marketâ&#x20AC;? host Mike Pearson keeps viewers in783-7285 formed as host of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weekly Journal of Rural formed as host of the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Weekly Journal of Rural America.â&#x20AC;? He will be presenting on what you America.â&#x20AC;? He will be presenting on what you January 2015 February 2015 might see in the upcoming year in agriculture. January 2015 February 2015 might see in the upcoming year in agriculture. Thursday Thursday There also will be two financial repreThursday Thursday There also will be two financial representatives sponsored by Edward Jones agent Big Feeder Special Happy New Year - No Auction sentatives sponsored by Edward Jones agent Big Feeder Special Happy New Year - No Auction Bethanie Knight in Glasgow. Craig Miller & All Class Cattle Auction Bethanie Knight in Glasgow. Craig Miller & All Class Cattle Auction from Protective Life and Andria Mueller from from Protective Life and Andria Mueller from Annual New Year Feeder Classic Legacy Design Strategies will focus their disAnnual New Year Feeder Classic 27th Wittkopp Angus Auction, Monthly Legacy Design Strategies will focus their dis& All Class Cattle Auction 27th Wittkopp Angus Auction, Monthly cussion on business succession planning. & All Class Cattle Auction Stock Cow & Bred Heifer Auction cussion on business succession planning. Stock Cow & Bred Heifer Auction Sponsors include the chamber, Wheat & & All Class Cattle Auction Monthly Stock Cow & Bred Heifer Sponsors include the chamber, Wheat & & All Class Cattle Auction Monthly Stock Cow & Bred Heifer Barley Committee, Farm Equipment Sales, Auction & All Class Cattle Auction Barley Committee, Farm Equipment Sales, Auction & All Class Cattle Auction Feeder Special Border Plains Equipment, Zerbe Bros, Hi-Line Feeder Special Border Plains Equipment, Zerbe Bros, Hi-Line Feeder Special & All Class Cattle Auction Ford, Newton Motors, Pro-Coop and 28 addiFeeder Special & All Class Cattle Auction Ford, Newton Motors, Pro-Coop and 28 addi& All Class Cattle Auction tional sponsors representing financial institu& All Class Cattle Auction tional sponsors representing financial institutions, insurance companies, chemical compaAll Class Cattle Auction tions, insurance companies, chemical compaAll Class Cattle Auction All Class Cattle Auction nies, seed companies, real estates and BNSF. All Class Cattle Auction nies, seed companies, real estates and BNSF. The seminar will be held Jan. 14 from 8:30 The seminar will be held Jan. 14 from 8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. at the Cottonwood Inn. Reg t 1 0 #PY t (MBTHPX .5 t HTJ!OFNPOU OFU t XXX HMBTHPXTUPDLZBSET DPN a.m. to 3:30 p.m. at the Cottonwood Inn. Reg t 1 0 #PY t (MBTHPX .5 t HTJ!OFNPOU OFU t XXX HMBTHPXTUPDLZBSET DPN istration is $15. More details: 406-228-2222 or Please call in consignments so buyers can be notiďŹ ed. istration is $15. More details: 406-228-2222 or Please call in consignments so buyers can be notiďŹ ed. chamber@nemont.net. chamber@nemont.net.

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BONNIE DAVIDSON / THE GLASGOW COURIER BONNIE DAVIDSON / THE GLASGOW COURIER

These two doves were spotted in the Park Grove area during the Fort Peck bird These two doves were spotted in the Park Grove area during the Fort Peck bird count. This particular species of doves is considered an invasive species. count. This particular species of doves is considered an invasive species.

440 Highway 2 West â&#x20AC;˘ Glasgow â&#x20AC;˘ Across from from the Fairgrounds 440 Highway 2 West â&#x20AC;˘ Glasgow â&#x20AC;˘ Across the Fairgrounds 406-228-9325 â&#x20AC;˘ 406-228-4381 â&#x20AC;˘ 1-800-255-1472 406-228-9325 â&#x20AC;˘ 406-228-4381 â&#x20AC;˘ 1-800-255-1472 Family owned by the Boys!Boys! Family owned byNewton the Newton Rent A Car See Doug, Andy, Terry, Kenny or Ted! Rent A Car See Doug, Andy, Terry, Kenny or Ted!

Bird Count Bird Count CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2

kinds of birds. Paintings, figurines and kinds of birds. Paintings, figurines and various models are displayed throughout. various models are displayed throughout. It wasn't one of the best years for the It wasn't one of the best years for the CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2 birders. It was about average, but with no birders. It was about average, but with no snow on the ground and the sun out on a brought attention to the area. snow on the ground and the sun out on a brought attention to the area. day sitting around the freezing mark, it Boyer joked that last year he counted sitting around the freezing mark, it Boyer joked that last year he countedmade day spotting some of the birds difficult. the year before with another bird enthumade spotting some of the birds difficult. the year before with another bird enthu-Last year had much colder temperatures, siast who was â&#x20AC;&#x153;hardcore.â&#x20AC;? He explained Last year had much colder temperatures, siast who was â&#x20AC;&#x153;hardcore.â&#x20AC;? He explainedaround 4 degrees, and snow throughout that he enjoyed the hobby and it was around 4 degrees, and snow throughout that he enjoyed the hobby and it was the day. a way to enjoy the outdoors. As Boyer the day. a way to enjoy the outdoors. As Boyer Carlson also commented that the lack and Carlson discussed various species of Carlson also commented that the lack and Carlson discussed various species of of snow means that there's more food birds and where they might spot some, of snow means that there's more food birds and where they might spot some, sources, keeping some of the birds away they spent a lot of time hoping to see a keeping some of the birds away they spent a lot of time hoping to see a from sources, roads and trails in the area. When northern shrike. Boyer spotted it on the roads and trails in the area. When northern shrike. Boyer spotted it on theaskedfrom if he had favorite locations to spot way back to base, Carlson's home, for if he had favorite locations to spot way back to base, Carlson's home, for birds asked in the area, he laughed and said, lunch. birds in the area, he laughed and said, lunch. â&#x20AC;&#x153;anywhere there's birds.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Isn't that something to be excited â&#x20AC;&#x153;anywhere there's birds.â&#x20AC;? â&#x20AC;&#x153;Isn't that something to be excited Last year's bird count had 42 bird speabout!â&#x20AC;? he said with a smile. Last year's bird count had 42 bird speabout!â&#x20AC;? he said with a smile. cies spotted. A total of 24,044 birds were Carlson explained that he started bird cies spotted. A total of 24,044 birds were Carlson explained that he started bird spotted. This year there was some talk counting birds in 1967. He was pretty This year there was some talk counting birds in 1967. He was pretty of thespotted. snowy owl making an appearance excited as he spotted a green hemming of the snowy owl making an appearance excited as he spotted a green hemming near the Opheim area, but it was unlikely around the time the P.D. Skaar's Montana near the Opheim area, but it was unlikely around the time the P.D. Skaar's Montana the owl would be spotted near Fort Peck. Bird Distribution list came out for the the owl would be spotted near Fort Peck. Bird Distribution list came out for the This year marks the 115th year that first edition. The bird hadn't been listed This year marks the 115th year that first edition. The bird hadn't been listedthe Christmas bird counting began. The before. He explained that the seventh Christmas bird counting began. The before. He explained that the seventh countthe occurred worldwide, starting Dec. edition is now out and has grown over count occurred worldwide, starting Dec. edition is now out and has grown over 14 and ending after the New Year on Jan. the years as new species are spotted and and ending after the New Year on Jan. the years as new species are spotted and5. It's14 one of the longest running citizen added. Carlson has been a first spotter in 5. It's one of the longest running citizen added. Carlson has been a first spotter in surveys in the world. Data collected the state 13 times. surveys in the world. Data collected the state 13 times. helps researches keep track of trends and Their trained eyes searched the river researches keep track of trends and Their trained eyes searched the river an eyehelps on populations. corridor. Several bald eagles were spotted an eye on populations. corridor. Several bald eagles were spotted It all started on Christmas Day in 1900 within the first half hour of the day. Carlson It all started on Christmas Day in 1900 within the first half hour of the day. Carlson by the name of Frank Chapexplained that their numbers have increased as a man as a man by the name of Frank Chapexplained that their numbers have increased man wanted to see the trend of shooting over the years. A pelican was spotted near man wanted to see the trend of shooting over the years. A pelican was spotted nearas many birds as possible on the holiday the dam along with other common birds, many birds as possible on the holiday the dam along with other common birds, to be as changed. The bird counts were such as coots and mallard ducks. Canada to be changed. The bird counts were such as coots and mallard ducks. Canada first held in 27 different locations in the geese could be spotted in several places first held in 27 different locations in the geese could be spotted in several places United States and Canada. The first tally throughout the day. United States and Canada. The first tally throughout the day. counted 90 species in Northern America. Carlson spends many days out birdcounted 90 species in Northern America. Carlson spends many days out bird- These counts are best held at this time ing. One of the participants of the day These counts are best held at this time ing. One of the participants of the day of year because migrations of birds can commented that she had seen him in the because migrations of birds can commented that she had seen him in thethrowofoffyear numbers and trends. At this previous week looking out around the throw off numbers and trends. At this previous week looking out around the time birds are a little more stationary. countryside. His home is filled with all time birds are a little more stationary. countryside. His home is filled with all

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Farmers brace for labor shortage under new policy

Grain shipping delays reduced, more capacity tests to come BNSF plans to spend $6 billion in 2015 nationwide for maintenance and expansion of the railroad. Tim Leeds tleeds@havredailynews.com Farmers are seeing fewer delays in getting their grain to market, although the railroad that serves the Hi-Line admits more

work needs to be done and experts are saying more tests of capacity are coming in the next few months. A combination of factors led to delays in loading grain on BNSF Railway cars in the past year, with farmers in some states reporting piling produce on the ground to await trains becoming available. Experts report that the delays, and higher shipping prices, have cost farmers hundreds of millions of dollars across the north-central part of the United States. Many have pointed to the increased use of the rail in transporting oil extracted from the Bakken Formation in North Dakota and eastern Montana as a major cause of the delays, but BNSF officials have said other reasons are the primary cause. Drastic weather last winter and demand caused by bumper corn and soybean crops were the biggest reason for the delays, the officials said.

The congestion — and work on the tracks — also led to delays in passenger rail service. Amtrak changed its schedule last April for The Empire Builder that runs from Chicago to Seattle and Portland to allow for both congestion and work on the tracks. The company announced Dec. 23 that the train would resume its previous schedule Jan. 12.

Work to improve capacity

Matt Jones, a spokesman for BNSF, said the situation is improving, but the company officials still aren’t satisfied with the results and plan to continue investing to increase the railway’s capacity to haul freight. “Beginning late last year and through this year, BNSF's service hasn't met our customers’ or our expectations,” Jones said Jan. 29. “Velocity on the network declined due to rapid growth for several commodities using parts of our railroad that hadn’t previ-

ously experienced such high volume.” Jones said BNSF made record investments this year — the company had planned to spend $5 billion on improvements but hit that “and kept going,” he said, with the investment coming closer to $5.5 billion — and plans to spend more next year. BNSF plans to spend $6 billion in 2015 nationwide for maintenance and expansion of the railroad, Jones said, including more work on the northern tier and across the Hi-Line. This year, about $1 billion of the moreHavre Daily News/Jake Shane BNSF Railway locomotives travel across the Hi-Line on tracks which have seen nearly $140 million of improvements in Montana in 2014.

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SCOTT SMITH Associated Press FRESNO, Calif. — Farmers already scrambling to find workers in California — the nation's leading grower of fruits, vegetables and nuts — fear an even greater labor shortage under President Barack Obama's executive action to block some 5 million people from deportation. Thousands of the state's farmworkers, who make up a significant portion of those who will benefit, may choose to leave the uncertainty of their seasonal jobs for steady, year-around work building homes, cooking in restaurants and cleaning hotel rooms. "This action isn't going to bring new workers to agriculture," said Jason Resnick, vice president and general counsel of the powerful trade association Western Growers. "It's possible that because of this action, agriculture will lose workers without any mechanism to bring in new workers." Although details of the president's immigration policy have yet to be worked out, Resnick said the agricultural workforce has been declining for a decade. Today, the association estimates there is a 15 to 20 percent shortage of farmworkers, which is driving the industry to call for substantial immigration reform from Congress, such as a sound

guest worker program. "Hopefully there will be the opportunity for comprehensive immigration reform," said Karen Ross, secretary of the California Department of Food and Agriculture. "That's the right thing to do for this country." California's 330,000 farmworkers account for the largest share of the 2.1 million nationwide, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Texas comes in a distant second with less than half of California's farmworkers. Once Obama's executive action starts going into effect next year, it will protect the parents of legal U.S. residents from deportation and expand a 2012 program that shields from deportation people brought into the U.S. illegally as children. Manuel Cunha, president of the Fresnobased Nisei Farmers League, estimates that 85 percent of California's agricultural workers are using false documents to obtain work. Cunha, who has advised the Obama administration on immigration policy, figures that 50,000 of the state's farmworkers who may benefit from the president's executive action could leave the fields and packing houses in California's $46.4 billion agricultural industry.

"How do I replace that?" he said. "I think we're going to have a problem." Many farmworkers are paid above minimum wage, earning more hourly than they will in other industries, but he said that workers who leave will gain year-around jobs and regular paychecks, rather than seasonal employment. While farmers may face a setback, Obama's order is good for workers, who support families and fear that any day they may be pulled over driving to work and deported, said Armando Elenes, national vice president of the United Farm Workers. With proper documentation, workers will feel empowered and be more valuable, Elenes said. Confronted with abuse at work — such as being paid less than minimum wage or denied overtime — workers will be able to challenge their employer or leave, he said. In addition, their newfound mobility will create competition for farmworkers and potentially increase wages, Elenes said, adding, "It's going to open up a whole new world for workers. A lot of times, if you're undocumented, you feel like you're stuck." Ed Kissam, an immigration researcher at the immigrant advocacy group, WKF Giving Fund, said he doubts a significant number of

farmworkers will leave the industry. Farmworkers often lack the language, education and technical skills to move up the employment ladder, he said. "Surely some will," Kissam said. "It's not going to be a mass exodus." Edward Taylor, a researcher at the University of California, Davis, said a shortage of farmworkers could be exacerbated by a dwindling flow of workers from Mexico, the largest supplier of labor to the United States. Taylor said the lower birthrates, more industrial jobs and better schools in rural Mexico are cutting into the supply of farmworkers. "U.S. and Mexican farmers have to compete for that diminishing supply of farm labor," he said. "Once this change hits, there's no going back." Central Valley farmer Harold McClarty of HMC Farms, who hires a thousand workers at harvest time, said there is no replacing the human hand for picking the 50 varieties of peaches he grows. His workers pick a single tree five or more times, making sure the fruit they take is ripe. "We haven't found any machines that can do anything like that," he said. "You can't just pick the whole tree."

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Food hubs link consumers with locally farmed food LISA RATHKE Associated Press BURLINGTON, Vt — Move over farmers' markets. More than 300 food hubs around the country are also providing small farms another outlet to sell locally raised food to consumers. There's no one model for a food hub — it depends on the market, the location and what it is grown in that area. Some collect food from farms and dole it out to customers in weekly deliveries. Other hubs help consumers, restaurants, colleges and institutions to source food online. But producers, consumers and experts all say food hubs have an important thing in common: It's an efficient way to get locally raised food to those clamoring for it. "We've seen in the last few years in particular as local and region food systems have grown and become not only larger but kind of more sophisticated that there has been a need for sort of the logistics of moving food from the field to the consumers. And food hubs kind of fill that space," said Doug O'Brien, deputy undersecretary for rural development for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The agency spent about $25 million from 2009-2013 supporting food hubs. The number of food hubs has doubled over the last six years, and many are in urban areas, with the Northeast leading the

way. Some operate as nonprofits, others are for-profit or producer-consumer cooperatives. Some are modeled after CSAs, or community supported agriculture, where consumers pay up front for food throughout the season. That's how the Intervale Food Hub in Burlington, Vermont, works, with 30 farms, 15 specialty producers and 1,100 members who pick up their weekly bundles at various sites around the city. The venture started in 2008 with just 192 members and 24 farms. Legal secretary Betsy Bourbeau says the food hub's deliveries to her place of work are more convenient than shopping at farmers' markets and cuts down time at the store. "I spend much less time looking at grocery sales, clipping coupons, driving around town and finding parking. I just bring home my food on Wednesday and figure out what to make," said Bourbeau, 50, who gets produce, bread, cheese, eggs and specialty items for about $38.50 a week — less than she would spend at a farmers' market. For farmers, food hubs provide distribution, marketing and, in some cases, processing and storage. Predicting what will sell at a farmers' market is a challenge, according to Ray Tyler of Rosecreek Farms in Selmer, Tennessee. By getting involved with the

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Bring It Food Hub in Memphis, Tyler can plan ahead for the next growing season, when the hub plans to double its membership to 400. "Basically instead of us spending all this time on marketing, we can now spend more time doing what we love to do and that is growing great food," he said. The emerging business model can be challenging, says Bring It Food Hub operations manager Alex Greene, because you have to cater to customers and be flexible with farmers, whose product is at the mercy of weather. Food hub leaders need "a sense of the end product" and have to learn the logistics, plus "managing the website, the online credit card system and other technical matters," Greene said. To that end, the University of Vermont is starting in January what it says is the nation's first Food Hub Management Certificate Program. "Many food hubs are up-and-coming businesses with staff who need further training

CORRECTION

or experience," Cynthia Belliveau, dean of Continuing and Distance Education, said in a news release. "High-quality staffing is one of the greatest challenges food hubs face, and it's also a key contributing factor to their success." One of the two farmers' markets that Josephine and Randy Alexander of Tubby Creek Farm in Ashland, Mississippi, had planned on selling at fell through this year, but they were able to sell most of the extra produce to the food hub. The Alexanders are currently planning ahead for their next season's food hub offerings — carrots, salad turnips and lettuce mix. "It simplifies it a little bit for us and that way we can do more of those things that we do really well, in targeted way," she said. ___ Online: Food hub directory: http://www.ngfn.org/ resources/food-hubs#section-10

In the December Farm and Ranch issue, the owner of Saddle Butte Custom Smoking was misreported as Nate Frickel. Dave Anderson owns the business, which he started in 1990. Frickel has leased and operated the business for the last three years.

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Delays: Industry experts say Keystone XL pipeline would not impact rail traffic n Continued from page 4 than $5 billion invested was on the northern tier, including $140 million in Montana. Some of that work — which included significant maintenance projects such as replacing rail and ties and doing undercutting and surfacing work — directly impacted service between the Bakken and the West Coast. The work in this part of BNSF’s network included adding 55 miles of double track between Glasgow and Minot, North Dakota, as well as expanding and adding sidings throughout the state. It also added double track and additional improvements in Washington, impacting shipments across the Hi-Line. “In addition, we've hired more employees and added more locomotives across our network,” Jones said. The planned work for next year includes adding 55 miles more of double track between Minot and Glasgow, again increasing the capacity to — and speed of — hauling freight across the Hi-Line, which should continue to reduce delays for farmers trying to get their produce to market.

AP Photo/Lisa Rathke Sam Rothberg, packing house supervisor for the Intervale Food Hub in Burlington, Vt., packs carrots Dec. 16 into weekly deliveries of food produced by area farmers. Food hubs around the country are getting more fresh, locally produced food out to consumers and giving farmers another avenue for expanding their sales.

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Increased demands The third straight year of record investment by BNSF comes with what will likely be another year with record demands for shipping. While BNSF says the oil being shipped from the Bakken is not the main cause — the company says it gives the same priority to all freight and is not giving preference to oil — many cite the oil shipments as causing major delays. That has been seized by proponents of the Keystone XL pipeline the Canadian Transcanada company has been pushing for years. The pipeline will reduce the need to ship oil by rail, they say, trying to pressure the administration of President Barack Obama to approve the pipeline. Obama’s administration has held up the approval of the pipeline where it crosses the U.S. border — and needs approval by the U.S. Department of State — over environmental concerns. The incoming Republican leadership set to take over the Senate and continue control of the House of Representatives have said

passing legislation to force approval of the pipeline will be one of the first issues they address this year. But some experts say the pipeline will have little, if any, impact on oil being shipped by rail. While, as a condition of the Montana government approving the route through the state, the pipeline would have an “onramp” allowing Montana and North Dakota crude to be loaded on the line, many say the demand for rail transportation won’t go down. That primarily is because the light, sweet crude coming out of the Bakken mostly is shipped to the East and West coasts, not to refineries in Texas where the pipeline will run. Officials, including from BNSF, have said the most that completion of the pipeline likely would do is slow growth of rail shipment of oil, not replace it. Other factors, including weather, are yet to be seen. BNSF officials said a large part of the backlog in the past year was due to weather, which caused the railway to use shorter trains to deal with the environment and increasing the backlog. While the weather this winter has been milder, so far, more inclement conditions could again slow traffic. Another question is how much demand will come from the ag industry itself. BNSF says a large part of the delay was from the demand, especially from soybean and corn producers, to ship their crops. What demand will come in the future will depend on how large the crops being produced end up and on the demand — which relates to the market. Some experts say a real test will come this month and in February, often the time of the year with the greatest demand for shipping ag products.

Feds step in

The federal government also has taken steps on the problem. After delays in April and May the Surface Transportation Board, which oversees railroads, ordered both BNSF and Canadian Pacific Railway Ltd. to disclose plans to reduce delays in ag product shipping.

n Continued on page 7

A BNSF Railway train hauls a load of oil cars across the Hi-Line.

Havre Daily News/Jake Shane

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Delays: Halved n Continued from page 5 In October, it ordered railways to provide more information about shipping, including data on average speeds, the weekly number of grain cars ordered and overdue, and the number of cars canceled for each state. In a meeting in North Dakota in December, the chair of the board said it is working on improving the regulations on what information must be provided and how it is provided. A BNSF official at that meeting said the company has complied with the transportation board orders and is trying to be more predictable and consistent, but giving details that often depend on market factors — like commodity prices and demand for shipment — is difficult. Jones said BNSF has information on its shipping available online at http://bnsf.com/service.

Improvements in service so far

Havre Daily News/file photo A BNSF Railway grain train glides west from Havre along the U.S. Highway 2 near the U.S. Highway 87 junction in 2006. BNSF is working to expand its track — along with the number of trains and employees used — to reduce freight congestion, including for grain producers trying to ship their crops to market.

The rail company has said things are better than they were. In mid-December, BNSF reported that slightly more than half as many cars — about 8,700 — were three days or more late arriving to their destination, compared to more than 16,000 in April. Jones said the company is committed to increase its capacity to haul all kinds of freight, including grain. “Throughout 2014 we have been implementing our plan to better serve all customers,” Jones said. “We're seeing results, and we're hauling more freight of all kinds.”

Havre Daily News/file photo A Hi-Line farmer harvests wheat in 2005. After weather and congestion delayed grain shipments in the last year, BNSF Railay has completed $5.5 billion in improvements on track and facilities in 2014 and plans to invest $6 billion more this year to improve capacity and reduce the delays on freight.