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The pulse of U.S. food culture

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U.S. pulse crop growers are working to change the everyday eating habits of American consumers.

Pam Burke community@havredailynews.com While dry bean legumes, called pulse crops, are commonly prepared in meals in many countries, especially the Middle East, third world and developing countries, historically, their use has been limited in the U.S. and other European-based countries. That, however, could change as grower, government and individual initiatives promote the inclusion of these foods in everyday diets.

“Worldwide there’s a huge demand for pulses, and we’re able to sell just about everything we grow either domestically or overseas,” said Jon Stoner, a farmer north of Havre who sits on the board of the Northern Pulse Growers Association of Montana and North Dakota.

About 80 percent of pulses grown in the U.S. are exported, Stoner said, but growers across the country, and in Montana especially, would like to see an increase in domestic sales as well.

“Montana has been increasing pulse production in the last five, six years by quite a bit. We would love to be able to sell everything that we produce domestically,” he said.

The Numbers Courtesy photo/Montana Department of Agriculture A field of peas grows in Broadwater County in 2011.

The most recent statistics from the Montana Department of Agriculture show that from 1998 to 2013 the number of acres in Montana planted to produce a pulse crop — peas, lentils or chickpeas — grew

www.havredailynews.com from just more than 60,000 acres to 600,000 acres.

By significant numbers the greatest production of pulses was in counties along the top third of the state, along or close to the Canadian border, from the Rocky Mountain Front to North Dakota. Sheridan County in the extreme northeast corner, followed by Valley, Daniels and Roosevelt counties, leads the numbers.

Many pulse crops are planted on land that would otherwise be left fallow for a season to rest it a year from soil nutrient and moisture depletion and to give growers a year to farm out weeds. But research has shown that legumes enrich nitrogen in the soil and fight weeds by choking them out with low, thick, ground-covering growth and allowing for use of different weed-fighting chemicals. The pulses also are generally easy on moisture levels because the roots are shallow-growing.

In the Montana Pulse Industry Report released in 2011, Chad Lee of the state ag department said that Montana grower’s pulse cropsproduction outpaced all other states that year. By his estimates, the number of farm acres planted in these legume crops — rather than being left fallow and nonproducing that season — increased the statewide farming income by about $100 million.

“Clearly,” Lee wrote, “Montana’s economy, farmers, and communities have a lot to gain from expanded pulse production; there may be no single opportunity available to Montana’s agricultural industry that offers as much potential benefit.”

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Pulse crops

Appeals court upholds label law

The Associated Press had a major story out of New York June 27 about chef and author Dan Barber, who has cooked for President Barack and Michelle Obama, featuring what he called Rotation Salad in his restaurant, Blue Hill. The salad includes rotation crops, including pulses, to help promote the consumption of these farm products.

The inspiration for the salad comes from a concept he wrote about in his book “The Third Plate: Field Notes on the Future of Food” in which he says the farm-to-table philosophy is flawed because it promotes c o n s u m p t i o n o f o n l y c e r ta i n fo o d s.

Consumers need, he told AP reporter Jocelyn Noveck, to support the entire sustainable industry to make planting pulses and other rotation crops viable for the producer.

FoodServiceDirector.com, an online publication for the food service industry, reported Oct. 15, 2012, that University of California, Berkley, added sushi and hummus to the concessions menu at their Memorial Stadium. The concessions sold out these specialty foods by the end of the second quarter of the Cal Bears home opener football game, with record-high sales for a single game.

“You never saw hummus in local grocery stores before recent years," said Stoner.

“We really believe that the American consumer can hear our story and start using more pulses,” he added.

MARY CLARE JALONICK Associated Press WASHINGTON — A federal appeals court on Tuesday upheld new government rules requiring labels on packaged steaks, ribs and other cuts of meat to say where the animals were born, raised and slaughtered.

The meat industry has attempted to block the rules, which went into effect last year, saying they are costly and provide no health benefits to the consumer. The industry said in court that the rules go beyond what Congress intended and violate First Amendment rights to freedom of speech by forcing meat producers to provide information about their products without "directly advancing a government interest."

The full appellate panel heard the case after a three-judge appeals panel ruled against the industry but suggested the full court may want to review its decision. The first panel had ruled that the industry's claims were unlikely to succeed in court and said a consumer's interest in choosing domestic meat is worthy of what the court called a "minimal" intrusion on the meat industry's First Amendment rights.

In the opinion issued Tuesday, Judge Stephen F. Williams of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, who was also on the three-judge panel, upheld the earlier decision and wrote for the majority of the full panel. He wrote that the government's interest in country-of-origin labels is "substantial" because there is a

long history of such disclosures, a demonstrated consumer interest in knowing where food comes from and individual health concerns and market impacts that could arise if there is a foodborne illness outbreak in one of the countries.

The lawsuit was led by the American Meat Institute, which represents the nation's largest meatpackers, and joined by other meat industry groups. The meat industry has argued that the paperwork behind the labels is burdensome and that it's not practical to keep cattle and hogs from other countries separate from domestic animals.

In a statement, AMI said the decision is disappointing.

"We have maintained all along that the country of origin rule harms livestock producers and the industry and affords little benefit to consumers," said James H. Hodges, the group's interim president and CEO. "This decision will perpetuate those harms."

Hodges did not say whether the industry will appeal to the Supreme Court. He said the group will "evaluate our options moving forward."

The labeling rules have support from consumer groups, environmental groups and some farm groups. U.S. Ranchers who raise cattle near the northern border and compete with Canadian ranchers have been most supportive of the rules, which Congress wrote in 2002 and revised in 2008 after years of haggling with the meat industry.

Ranchers and meatpackers in the Southwest.

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Pulse crops: Progress made in popularity

New Focus

■ Continued from page A3

Part of the new focus by growers to increase domestic sales is simply to increase awareness of the benefits of eating pulses and the ways in which they can be incorporated into everyday meals.

Montana growers have a voluntary checkoff dollars program to which pulse growers donate a small percentage of sales to a prog ra m a d m i n i s t e re d by t h e M o n ta n a Department of Ag. This funding is used to help promote pulse crop consumption through research and marketing, said Stoner, who also is a member of the Montana Pulse Advisory Council for the check-off program.

Stoner said the check-off program, through Northern Pulse Growers and their affiliate USA Dry Pea and Lentil Council, started a culinary institute to develop new pulse recipes and find ways expose top chefs to these recipes and ways of cooking pulses.

Northern Pulse has also brought in trade teams from countries interested in importing their pulses to show potential buyers the quality of pulses grown in the region, he added.

“We’re very high in protein and very low in fat, so it’s a really good protein source, and it’s a cheap protein,” he said. “It’s a lot cheaper protein than animal protein, and for a lot of people in third world countries, developing countries, it’s a major part of their diet.”

In the U.S. awareness and consumption of pulses is on the rise, too, Stoner said, most notably seen in the marked increase in the popularity of hummus, a

“We’re going to increase pulses in our school lunch program. We want to get children used to the taste of it and eating it, and we think that one way to really increase our consumption is to get the children to acquire a taste for it,” he said.

The program is in the promotional stage, developing recipes, he said, but a provision of the program is that the whole bean must be used so that it is an identifiable product to children.

The intent is to avoid using pulses as flour or in ways otherwise blended with foods because the program’s purpose is to increase recognition of the pulses, have the children be able to distinguish the pulses in their diet so they will know to use them in cooking later in life.

Around the World The school lunch program’s emphasis on guiding children to recognize that they are eating pulses represents a major shift in the marketing of pulses in many European-based cultures, such as Canada and Australia as well as the U.S. — to make these foods a part of mainstream culture at home.

In 2010 the Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development ministry had a presentation on marketing pulses to increase pulse consumption through health professionals’ education, media recognition, young adult’s education

in school curriculum and promotion of Pulse Week at a renown Edmonton restaurant — all in conjunction with Pulse Canada, an Alberta pulse growers association, The Grains Research and Development Corp., overseen by the Australian government, held their inaugural Pulse Breeding Australia National Conference dinner with celebrity chefs Simon Bryant and Ragini Dey giving a cooking demonstration and providing a pulse-based luncheon for attendees.

Simon Bryant has become popular in the U.S. featured on ABC TV’s “The Cook and the Chef.” On and off the show, he is a staunch proponent of sustainable and local foods, including pulses.

Signs of a Strong Pulse This celebrity and high-profile media attention is helping to spread the word about pulses.

Northern Pulse Growers Association, like many pulse associations and government websites, has a web page promoting recipes for home cooking with pulses.

A recent post on the international food blog Real Local Good, online at http:// www.realocalgood.com, featured a recipe for a Caribbean salad made with lentils that the site's editors found in the Northern Pulse cookbook.

FARM & RANCH

August 2014

Courtesy photo/Abigail Konen A field of peas are harvested in Teton County in 2012. food dip or spread made primarily from chickpeas.

“I think chickpeas and hummus is a huge story (nationally). In the last five years I believe our consumptions has gone up tenfold,” he said, adding that in the U.S. “we consume almost all the chickpeas that we raise — because of the increase in the domestic demand in hummus.”

Even the U.S. military has gotten on board, developing a brownie from a pulsebased flour that increases the protein content of the dessert food.

Government Support The 2014 Farm Bill passed earlier this year helped the pulse industry in many ways.

A media release from Montana State University in early July announced that the farm bill is funding an accredited regional laboratory at the university for diagnosing insects, diseases and weeds in pulse crops.

Supporters of the lab, including from Northern Pulse and the state ag department, expect the work done there to help develop better varieties of pulses and increase marketing opportunities.

Another major development for pulse growers came with the passing of the farm bill, which included pulse crops in the school lunch program.

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ED DAVIS / MSU CROP SPECIALIST ED DAVIS / MSU CROP WEED WEED SPECIALIST

Pictured arebasal the basal leaves, and flowers the narrow-leaved hawksbeard.

The flowers are yellow and resemble dandelions.

Pictured are the leaves, seedsseeds and flowers of theofnarrow-leaved hawksbeard.

The flowers are yellow and resemble dandelions.

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SOUTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND

Here Comes The Troublesome Narrow-Leaved Hawksbeard Here Comes The Troublesome Narrow-Leaved Hawksbeard

resulting the need for additional Bogler 2006). rapidly develop a flowering arrow-leaved hawks- rapidly in theinneed for additional Bogler 2006).

SeedsSeeds may may resulting develop a flowering shoot.shoot.1968,1968, arrow-leaved hawkscontrol measures. also be carried by animals, machinIdentification ofweed this weed (Crepis tectorum)Identification control measures. carried by animals, machinof this at theat the also be beardbeard (Crepis tectorum) 1st Ave. 1st Ave. NorthNorth Because the plant is a winter eryhumans. and humans.

Control measures Because rosette is critical has become an increas-rosette the plant is a winter Control measures stagestage is critical sincesince the the ery and has become an increasGlasgow, MT 59230 ing problem Glasgow, MT 59230 annual as well as a summer annual, should on preventing winter annual is rapidly ing problem in Valley and Danielswinter as well as a summer annual, focusfocus on preventing seed seed annual annual formform is rapidly in- in- should in Valley and Daniels fall tillage or fall applications of production. creasing across the prairies (Bubar, counties in the past six to seven fall tillage or fall applications of production. creasing across the prairies (Bubar, counties in the past six to seven Elevator • 228-4422 Elevator • 228-4422 2,4-DB at a to pint the or acre or glyNLHB on both McColl and Hall 2000).

Narrow- NLHB member the sun- McColl 2,4-DB at a pint thetoacre glydoes does well well on both and Hall 2000).

Narrowyears.years.

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It can easily adapt 36° 39° F but optimal Canada very effective for control of this and loamy soils.

It can easily adapt 36° 39° F but optimal Canada after after it wasit was MILLS MILLS pest in fallow, or post-harvest. to a wide of climate and soilpest in germination occurs introduced fallow, or post-harvest. rangerange of climate and soil germination occurs at at to a wide introduced therethere fromfrom Caution be used if rotating conditions.

- 72°F (Nadtochii conditions.

Eurasia in contaminated Caution mustmust be used if rotating 68° -68° 72°F (Nadtochii Eurasia in contaminated to a susceptible as peas, a problem 2009). crop crop such such as peas, This This plantplant is notisanot problem in in to a susceptible 2009). seed.seed. lentils, chickpeas, canola, mustard conventionally leaves acreages of CRP, chickpeas, canola, mustard conventionally tilledtilled fieldsfields sincesince lentils, BasalBasal leaves vary vary but but Vast Vast acreages of CRP, or flax.

NLHB not tolerate tillage or flax. usually backward-NLHB rangeland and pasture does does not tolerate tillage usually havehave backwardrangeland and pasture Research conducted butbecome can become difficult pointed and re- well;well; as well as cropland Research beingbeing conducted by by but can difficult in in pointed teethteeth and reas well as cropland Ed Davis, Scientist, and minimum till fields, Ed Davis, semble dandelion. become infested MSUMSU WeedWeed Scientist, and minimum till fields, semble dandelion.

BasalBasalno-tillno-till havehave become infested has indicated that pre-plant range, pasture, alfalfa leaves will often wither CRP,CRP, this weed in Valley that pre-plant burn-burnrange, pasture, alfalfa and and has indicated leaves will often wither with with this weed in Valley ofplant this plant is more effective hay fields. also inhabits the plant County.

Initially of this is more effective It alsoIt inhabits road-road- downdown after after the plant bolts,bolts, hay fields.

County.

Initially the the with the use of glyphosate at 21 sides and waste areas.

The cool, leaving only the narrow, was identified with the use of glyphosate at 21 sides and waste areas.

The cool, leaving only the narrow, weedweed was identified MSU EXTENSION MSU EXTENSION ounces per plus acre aplus a residual conditions of reduced tillageounces shaped leaves by a producer per acre residual her- herconditions of reduced tillage lancelance shaped leaves on on moistmoist by a producer southsouth of of VALLEY COUNTY the stem and branches of fields provides the ideal habitat for bicide such as Tribenuron methyl, Opheim in 2008. bicide such as Tribenuron methyl, the stem and branches of fields provides the ideal habitat for Opheim in 2008.

In anIn an VALLEY COUNTY Thifensulfuron methyl, Florasuthe seed to germinate (Baig and the plant. effort to learn how to Thifensulfuron methyl, Florasuthe seed to germinate (Baig and the plant. effort to learn how to Stop and visit Stop by by and visit lam or fluroxypyr.

Use of these Gamache 2005).

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His research should be used to remove small from late June through September. fallow on his own property.

Since the following year.

His research should be used to remove small from late June through September. fallow on his own property.

Since – Fungacides – Fungacides also suggests a burn-down infestations the weed.

The seeds dorequire not require a dormantinfestations that time the weed has spread that athat burn-down her- herof theofweed.

PlantsPlants also suggests The seeds do not a dormant that time the weed has spread – Pesticides – Pesticides as glyphosate, that have pulled will continuebicidebicide period for germination.

Flowers that have across the northern end of Valley period alonealone (such(such as glyphosate, beenbeen pulled will continue for germination.

Flowers across the northern end of Valley paraquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, to produce and should usually are open the morning to produce County and Daniels into Daniels County. usually carfentrazone-ethyl, or or seed seed and should be be paraquat, are open in theinmorning and into County. carry of your County WeWe carry all all of your saflufenacil) initially placed in a plastic bag,inleft and early afternoon, but often will oftenplaced has recently may may initially seemseem ef- efin a plastic bag, left thein the saflufenacil) afternoon, but will This This weedweed has recently beenbeen and early Agronomy Needs.

Agronomy Needs. fective butplant the plant will overcome to decompose during the afternoon positively identified but the will overcome decompose then then takentaken to to fective during the afternoon and and sun tosun positively identified alongalong High-High- closeclose your Soil the injury and continue to grow the landfill. the rosette the injury evening.

NLHB an easy way 2, indicating it is movingevening.

GetGet your FallFall Soil and continue to grow and and PlantsPlants in theinrosette NLHB formsforms an easy to to the landfill. way 2, indicating that itthat is moving produce be missed, so follow-upproduce shallow taproot that exudes is a listed noxious seed.seed. may may be missed, so follow-up shallow taproot that exudes a astagestage It is aItlisted noxious weedweed pull, pull, Sampling done early south.south.

Sampling done early Ed Davis’ research on postinspections the should area should broken. in Minnesota and in Alberta Ed Davis’ research on postinspections of theofarea be be juicejuice whenwhen broken. in Minnesota and in Alberta and and milkymilky to avoid rush! to avoid thethe rush! emergent applications has shown to ensure thattheallplants the plants emergent Numerous flowers are borne Manitoba Provinces in Canada. applications has shown donedone to ensure that all Numerous flowers are borne on on Manitoba Provinces in Canada. promise products pulled. several branches the stem.

It is found also found in Alaska, British several somesome promise fromfrom products such such beenbeen pulled. branches of theofstem.

The The havehave It is also in Alaska, British as Starane Huskie Mowing can control this inva- as Starane reproduces by seeds Columbia, Yukon Territories Flex,Flex, GoldGold Sky, Sky, Huskie Mowing can control this invareproduces solelysolely by seeds Columbia, Yukon Territories and and plantplant Complete, Widematch + Frontline, sive weed, butplants the plants andproduce can produce to 49,000 Saskatchewan.

Widematch + Frontline, sive weed, but the mustmust be be Complete, and can up toup 49,000 seedsseeds Saskatchewan.

Starane + Affinity Broadspecmowed the season to keepStarane per plant (Najda al. 1982).

The plant produces a basal Flex Flex + Affinity Broadspecearlyearly in theinseason to keep per plant (Najda et al.et 1982).

The The mowed The plant produces a basal Glasgow – 228-2571 Glasgow – 228-2571 trum, and Starane Flex + Express. them from using the remaining sap seeds are 3 mm long, purple when rosette usually in the late summer trum, and Starane Flex + Express. them from using the remaining sap seeds are 3 mm long, purple when rosette usually in the late summer Sales: Gilbert Gilbert – 263-2571 Sales: – 263-2571 The addition of a sulfonyl urea in the stem to produce viable seed. ripe and have a pappus of soft or early fall and may overwinter in The addition of a sulfonyl urea in the stem to produce viable seed. ripe and have a pappus of soft or early fall and may overwinter in Josh – 785-7006 Josh – 785-7006 greatly enhanced the long Mown produce that allow it to easily Mown this stage.

It may also germinate enhanced the long term term plantsplants may may produce moremore greatly hairshairs that allow it to easily this stage.

It may also germinate in inwhitewhite Customer Owned Co-op YourYour Customer Owned Co-op the mower disseminate the wind (Hultén seed seed the early spring, a rosette headsheads at theatmower levellevel in theinwind (Hultén the early spring, formform a rosette and anddisseminate CONTINUED ON PAGE CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 7

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Speaker Duane of Sidney Inc., above left, describes varieties and gives his sugar outlook for 2014 during the extension's annual Speaker Duane PetersPeters of Sidney SugarSugar Inc., above left, describes seed seed varieties and gives his sugar beet beet outlook for 2014 during the extension's annual field field in Sidney. the photo at right, Rosendale and Rep. Staffanson are among listening on farm wagons the field day tour day inday Sidney.

In theInphoto at right, statestate Sen. Sen. MattMatt Rosendale and Rep. ScottScott Staffanson are among thosethose listening on farm wagons as theasfield day tour progresses through different progresses through different crops.crops.

MSUExtension ExtensionField FieldDay DayTurns Turns3434 MSU

Scientists Discuss Seed Development; Suger Beet Outlook Focus Scientists Discuss Seed Development; Suger Beet Outlook In In Focus

wheat irrigated fields. deposit Staffanson in attendance FOR HI-LINE & RANCH and and irrigated fields.

TheyThey deposit ScottScott Staffanson werewere in attendance as as wheat FOR HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH nitrogen the soil the scientists presented work.

Montana University Agri- the scientists backback into into the soil and and havehave beenbeen presented theirtheir work.

The The nitrogen The The Montana StateState University Agrihighly successful a tool to help ranged techniques cultural Experiment Station Exten- teststests successful as a as tool to help withwith ranged fromfrom techniques that that use use highly cultural Experiment Station and and Extenmanagement.

Several producmanipulation to strengthen wheat weedweed Service its 34th annual management.

Several locallocal producmanipulation to strengthen wheat sionsion Service heldheld its 34th annual FieldField seedseed ers have found ready stems to withstand winds in Sidney on Thursday, ers have found that that theythey havehave ready ac- acstems to withstand highhigh winds priorprior Day Day in Sidney on Thursday, JulyJuly 24. 24. to markets making soybeans a nice to harvest, to growing crops in such event capped of dedicatedto harvest, to markets making soybeans a nice to growing crops in such a a cesscess The The event capped 100 100 yearsyears of dedicated addition to their rotation. fashion to disrupt the reproductive addition service

by MSU the MSU Extension Office. fashion to their cropcrop rotation. as toasdisrupt the reproductive service by the Extension Office.

Duane Peters, agronomist for Sidney cycles of problematic the problematic insects thereby Duane employees of extension the extension office cycles Peters, agronomist for Sidney of the insects thereby The The employees of the office Sugars spoke about the different reducing damage. dedicated careers to identify- reducing Sugars Inc. Inc. spoke about the different cropcrop damage. havehave dedicated theirtheir careers to identifyvarieties of sugar a brief Additional experiments assistedvarieties ing diseases improving the produc- Additional of sugar beetsbeets and and gavegave a brief experiments havehave assisted ing diseases and and improving the producoutlook for current the current sugar the agricultural community develop-outlook of crops the crops grown in Montana. for the sugar beetbeet crop.crop. the agricultural community into into develoption tion of the grown in Montana.

At present he estimates an average ing crops cangrown be grown a rotationAt present unique growing conditions present ing crops he estimates an average of of that that can be in a in rotation Our Our unique growing conditions present 29 tons per acre of beets traditional crops as sugarjust just challenges and opportunities overover 29 tons per acre of beets to beto be theirtheir traditional crops suchsuch as sugar manymany challenges and opportunities to theto the withwith harvested in fall. the fall. is greater or wheat.

Many times, by chang- harvested agricultural community. scientists in the ThisThis is greater thanthan or wheat.

Many times, by changagricultural community.

The The scientists at at beetsbeets of other the other regions ing crop the crop which has been grown ofseven the seven research centers located ing the of the regions and and moremore thanthan which has been grown in in any any eacheach of the research centers located an acre greater the previthe same location for many years, around the state conduct experiments tonstons an acre greater thanthan the previthe same location for many years, the the two two around the state conduct experiments ous record 27 tons per acre setour in our farmer improve the soil conditions ous record designed to develop thatable are able of 27oftons per acre set in maymay improve the soil conditions designed to develop seedsseeds that are to to farmer reduce the presence of disease increase the productivity ofagricultural the agriculturaland and reduce the presence of disease and and area.area. increase the productivity of the producers an eye insects slowly reducing industry in Montana.

These experiments insects The The producers mustmust still still keepkeep an eye that that havehave slowly beenbeen reducing industry in Montana.

These experiments to global the global sugar markets the proproduction profits. generated a quantifiable return on in-theirtheir to the sugar markets and and the proproduction and and profits. havehave generated a quantifiable return on induction in Mexico particularly Always of interest is marketability the marketabilityduction vestment as agriculture remains the number Always in Mexico moremore particularly as as of interest is the vestment as agriculture remains the number can have impact on actual the actual of any crops.

Soybeans shownthat that one industry in state. our state. can have hugehuge impact on the of any new new crops.

Soybeans havehave shown one industry in our value of their a good rotation in both dryland value Rosendale of their crop.crop. good rotation in both dryland StateState Sen.Sen. MattMatt Rosendale and and Rep.Rep. to betoa be

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TheTerra Bos Terra feedlot The Bos feedlot brought 25 new brought 20 to 20 25 to new jobs to Judith Basin jobs to Judith Basin County, County, alongalong with with contracts to purchase contracts to purchase cereal grain from local cereal grain from local farmers. farmers.

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Gauging Success Gauging Success

the majority of water rights staff staff notednoted the majority of water rights for flood irrigation. werewere used used for flood irrigation.

James Heffner, a DNRC Groundwater CONTINUED FROM5PAGE 5 James Heffner, a DNRC Groundwater CONTINUED FROM PAGE Hydrologist, developed a methodology Hydrologist, developed a methodology surface Andconnection the connection of accounting for return surface water.water.

And the of accounting for return flowsflows fromfrom ap- apbetween groundwater and surface propriated water.

His results indicated between groundwater and surface waterwaterpropriated water. His results indicated is scientifically established, and legallythat the thatphysical the physical supply is scientifically established, and legally waterwater supply in thein the recognized, and often a key factor in the Judith River, in both flow rate voland volrecognized, and often a key factor in the Judith River, in both flow rate and technical review new permit. ume, above and below the USGS gauge, technical review for a for newa permit. ume, above and below the USGS gauge, The initial analysis for Terra Bos Terra exceeded all legal demands in every The initial analysis for Bos con- conexceeded all legal demands in every cluded the proposed well would depletemonth month the year. cluded the proposed well would deplete of theofyear. stream flows inlower the lower reaches of the In hisInfindings his findings of for factthe forpermit the permit stream flows in the reaches of the 440 Highway 2 West • Glasgow • Across from the Fairgrounds of fact 440 Highway 2 West • Glasgow • Across from the Fairgrounds Judith River, above its confluence with application, Irvin wrote, “The DepartJudith River, above its confluence with application, Irvin wrote, “The Depart406-228-9325 • 406-228-4381 • 1-800-255-1472 406-228-9325 • 406-228-4381 • 1-800-255-1472 the Missouri.

Based on 13 years of datamentment finds the method developed the Missouri.

Based on 13 years of data finds the method developed by itsby its Family owned the Newton Family owned by thebyNewton Boys!Boys! recorded the USGS stream gauge, groundwater groundwater hydrologist of accounting recorded by thebyUSGS stream gauge, hydrologist of accounting Rent A Car See Doug, Kenny or Ted! Rent A Car be a deficit in July, Augustfor return for return accretions credible See Doug, Andy,Andy, Terry,Terry, Kenny or Ted! there there wouldwould be a deficit in July, August flow flow accretions credible and and and September between the amount of reasonable.

The analysis can be applied and September between the amount of reasonable. The analysis can be applied physically available the river in this in instance this instance because DNRC staff waterwater physically available in theinriver because DNRC staff are are andvolume the volume of water legally claimed generally familiar the irrigation and the of water legally claimed generally familiar with with the irrigation by existing holders. practices the reaches of river by existing waterwater right right holders. practices alongalong the reaches of river at at This could have meant a denial for Linda & Mark Nielsen, issue.”

This could have meant a denial for Linda & Mark Nielsen, issue.” theTerra Bos Terra application.

Instead, ✯ the Bos Managing Montana’s – protectSERVINGSAERVING REA AREA ✯ Owners Owners application.

Instead, Managing Montana’s waterwater – protectIvaManager Murch, Manager DNRC staff put their expertise to work.

IVESTOCK P RODUCERS L ing the rights of existing water Iva Murch, DNRC staff put their expertise to work.

LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS ing the rights of existing water usersusers They wanted to atake a look atissue the issuewhilewhile 263-7529263-7529 meeting the never-ending demand OR 68 Y EARS !

F They wanted to take look at the meeting the never-ending demand FOR 68 YEARS! Dean Yard Barnes, Yard Manager Dean Barnes, Manager of return for permits new permits – isenormous an enormous reof return flows.flows. for new – is an re263-1175 263-1175 1946 - 2014 “If you simply add up the volume of August – September sponsibility, and one of the most dif1946 2014 “If you simply add up the volume of EdAuctioneer Hinton, Auctioneer August – September sponsibility, and one of the most difEd Hinton, claimed by each activities DNRC is charged waterwater claimed by each waterwater right,right, you youficultficult activities DNRC is charged withwith 783-7285783-7285 the assumed amount of wa- overseeing. overseeing.

It requires dedicated arrivearrive at theatassumed amount of waIt requires dedicated and and ter diverted or taken the river,” highly highly knowledgeable people.

It requires August – 2014 September – 2014 ter diverted or taken out ofout theofriver,” knowledgeable people.

It requires August – 2014 September – 2014 Irvin says.

“But that isn’t necessarily Thursday a commitment to fairness and accuracy.

Thursday Irvin says. “But that isn’t necessarily Thursday a commitment to fairness and accuracy.

Thursday the amount of water consumed. It requires It requires a sense of stewardship. the amount of water that’sthat’s consumed. a sense of stewardship.

When people flood irrigate, a substantial “We “We always work to base our deNO AUCTION All Class Cattle Auction 7 When people flood irrigate, a substantial 4 always work hard hard to base our de7 NO AUCTION 4 All Class Cattle Auction percentage of diverted returns cisions on what’s happening in the percentage of diverted waterwater returns to to cisions on what’s reallyreally happening in the the stream. river, and in this case it worked out the stream. river, and in this case it worked out for for Early Yearling Special Early Yearling Special “We decided to consider return flows the applicant,” “Sometimes 14 14 “We decided to consider return flows All Cattle Class Cattle Auction the applicant,” says says Irvin.Irvin.

“Sometimes & AllCattle Class Cattle Auction 11 11 All Class Auction & All Class Auction our analysis.

We thought it would our decisions our decisions go the other and we in ourinanalysis.

We thought it would go the other way way and we give us a more detailed picture of actual have to deny an application.

22nd Annual give us a more detailed picture of actual 22 have to deny an application.

22nd Annual 22 NO AUCTION NO AUCTION surface thanrelying just relying “Either we give all parties surface flows,flows, ratherrather than just on on “Either Fall Feeder Classic way, way, we give all parties Fall Feeder Classic 18 what we have on the books or what the plenty of personal attention.

18 Early Consignments: what we have on the books or what the Early Consignments: *600 Black plenty of personal attention. Our Our doordoor *600 Black stream gauge was telling us.” is always open.

If we need to stream gauge was telling us.”

29 29 AllCattle Class Cattle Auction is always open. If we need to go togotheto the Steers 950-975# Vermilion All Class Auction Steers 950-975# Vermilion & Sitz & Sitz Irvin andstaff his went staff went back and field field to gain an on-the-ground perspecIrvin and his back and to gain an on-the-ground perspecBreeding. *Diamond Ringfrom Steers from Breeding. *Diamond Ring Steers re-evaluated the Lower Judith.

Instead tive, tive, weWe go.do Wewhatever do whatever it takes re-evaluated the Lower Judith.

Instead we go. it takes to to 2 top Montana Ranches. *100 Black 2 top Montana Ranches. *100 Black 406-228-9306 of analyzing that 50-mile reach as a make the best decision.”

406-228-9306 that 50-mile reach as a make the best decision.”

Steers 875-900# All Natural. *Expecting of analyzing Steers 875-900# All Natural. *Expecting single unit, broke they broke it down into three What’s P.O.129 Box 129 What’s at stake is nothing less than single unit, they it down into three P.O. Box at stake is nothing less than overof2000 of NE Montana Outstanding smaller segments, in order to more acover 2000 NE Montana Outstanding Glasgow, MT 59230 the state’s ability to grow jobs and its smaller segments, in order to more acGlasgow, MT 59230 the state’s ability to grow jobs and its steers, spayed hfrs. &open testedhfrs. open hfrs. curately identify individual steers, spayed hfrs. & tested economy, Peterson. gsi@nemont.net curately identify wherewhere individual waterwater economy, says says Peterson. gsi@nemont.net & All Cattle Class Cattle Auction located, andtype the of type of ability to develop & All Class Auction www.glasgowstockyards.com rightsrights were were located, and the “The“The ability to develop waterwater is theis the www.glasgowstockyards.com irrigation methods used.

In the third and key to rural economic development,” irrigation methods used. In the third and key to rural economic development,” he he Theand OneOnly and Sheep Only Sheep The One final segment the river, between the to key to Terra’s Bos Terra’s ability Please call in consignments final segment of theofriver, between the the says.says.

“It’s “It’s the key Bos ability Please call in consignments 25 Auction of 2014 25 Auction of 2014 mouth of Warm Springs Creek and the to dotobusiness. do business.

We can’t do what we do so buyers can be notified. mouth of Warm Springs Creek and the We can’t do what we do so buyers can be notified. & All Cattle Class Cattle Auction & All Class Auction Judith’s confluence withMissouri, the Missouri, without without Judith’s confluence with the it.” it.”

NEWTONMOTORS, MOTORS,INC. INC. NEWTON NEW & USED TRUCKS AND CARS NEW & USED TRUCKS AND CARS In One Convenient Location All All In One Convenient Location

Glasgow Stockyards, Glasgow Stockyards, Inc.Inc.

2014 2014 Schedule FallFall Schedule

Robert Peterson needed a water permit forlivestock his livestock feeding operation in Judith Basin County.

Robert Peterson needed a water rightright permit for his feeding operation in Judith Basin County.

HI-LINE FARM & RANCH FORFOR HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

AUGINGSSUCCESS UCCESS GGAUGING

Expertise, Dedication DriveWater WaterPermitting Permitting Expertise, Dedication Drive

ence” extending 105,000 feet.

Within total estimated volume 4,000 acre-feet application process before. plentyence” SPECIAL TO HI-LINE & RANCH extending 105,000 feet.

Within total estimated volume of of 4,000 acre-feet application process before.

He He hadhad plenty SPECIAL TO HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH zone were established rights in the groundwater zone.” of concerns.

Atmouth the mouth ofJudith the Judith River, thisthis zone were 26 26 established rights to to in the groundwater zone.”

At the of the River, just just of concerns. groundwater.

“But in terms of groundsurface water analysis was an agonizing process,” Peterabove its confluence the Missouri groundwater.

“But in terms of groundTheThe surface water analysis was a a “It’s“It’s an agonizing process,” Peterabove its confluence withwith the Missouri water availability, things looked good,” different story.

By law, no new water son says.

“You have a large amount of River, there is a U.S. Geological Survey water availability, things looked good,” different story. By law, no new water son says. “You have a large amount of River, there is a U.S. Geological Survey Irvin says, established water rights appropriation appropriation Montana adversely capital upainprocess a process that’s open- Irvin stream gauge.

Installed in 2000, the gauge capital says, “the“the established water rights in in Montana cancan adversely tiedtied up in that’s openstream gauge.

Installed in 2000, the gauge accounted only acre-feet affect established rights ground ended. go the all the through it, youaccounted has done itsflawlessly job flawlessly foryears, 13 years, ended. for for only 378378 acre-feet outout of aof a affect established rights to to ground or or YouYou go all wayway through it, you has done its job for 13 CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 provide all the information knowing you providing a constant record of river flows CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 provide all the information knowing you providing a constant record of river flows approved in the onLower the Lower Judith.

But when it comes maymay not not get get approved in the end.end.

AndAnd it’s it’s on the Judith.

But when it comes a fairly hurdle to get over.” to processing a water application highhigh hurdle to get over.” to processing a water rightright application for for a fairly application landed on the a new business – when it comes to really His His application landed on the deskdesk of of a new business – when it comes to really Scott Irvin, who has served as manager knowing water availability – the expertise Scott Irvin, who has served as manager knowing water availability – the expertise Aerial & Ground Application of DNRC the DNRC Regional Office in LewisAerial & Ground Application and dedication of people trump Regional Office in Lewisand dedication of people will will trump the the of the for years.

16 years.

“The Judith River stream gauge 2 Turbine Tractors towntown for 16 “The Judith River stream gauge everyevery time.time. n 2nTurbine AirAir Tractors Basin isn’t a closed basin, but water Robert Peterson was developing a Basin isn’t a closed basin, but water Robert Peterson was developing a 2 JD 4830 Self-propelled Sprayers n 2nJD 4830 Self-propelled Sprayers availability is tight from a legal perspecbusiness in Judith Basin County. availability is tight from a legal perspecnew new business in Judith Basin County. n Case 4430 Sprayer tive,” says.

“I couldn’t honestly His proposed cattle feeding operation, tive,” n Case 4430 Sprayer IrvinIrvin says.

“I couldn’t honestly saysay His proposed cattle feeding operation, at the start whether the business would be called Bos Terra, would create 20-25 new n All GPS equipped called Bos Terra, would create 20-25 new at the start whether the business would be n All GPS equipped approved or not.” jobs in a county with 2,072 residents.

In approved or not.” jobs in a county with 2,072 residents. In Lewistown began addition to growing much of cereal the cereal TheThe Lewistown staffstaff began theirtheir addition to growing much of the analysis.

In geologic terms, proposed grain needed for silage on site, Bos Terra proposed grain needed for silage on site, Bos Terra analysis. In geologic terms, the the well would draw from a confined sandwould also purchase grain through the well would draw from a confined sandwould also purchase grain through the stone aquifer within the Third Cat Creek local market.

As rural economic developCompetitive prices Chemicals local market. As rural economic develop- stone aquifer within the Third Cat Creek ✔✔ Competitive prices on on Chemicals Member of the Kootenai Formation Peterson’s business would Member of the Kootenai Formation at aat a mentment goes,goes, Peterson’s business would and Application and Application depth of 1,548 Results a pump impact. depth of 1,548 feet.feet.

Results of aofpump havehave impact. ✔ Pre-Harvest Desicating test and computer modeling indicated the To be a viable operation, Bos Terra ✔ Pre-Harvest Desicating test and computer modeling indicated the To be a viable operation, Bos Terra Applications new well would have a “zone of influneeded water – for irrigating crops, for Applications new well would have a “zone of influneeded water – for irrigating crops, for livestock, forthe all other the other needs of any ✔ Or any other Applications need livestock, for all needs of any ✔ Or any other Applications thatthat need business. for that, Robert Peterson business.

AndAnd for that, Robert Peterson to done. be done.

FOR SALE GLASGOW to be FOR SALE IN IN GLASGOW needed a water permit.

In 2012, needed a water rightright permit.

In 2012, Good Fencing Materials. ✔ Round-Up work Good Fencing Materials. he submitted an application a 150✔ Round-Up work he submitted an application for afor 1508-10 ft. power poles.

16 ft. rail 8-10 ft. power poles. 16 ft. rail gallon-per-minute to DNRC the DNRC gallon-per-minute wellwell to the poles.

5-1/2 ft. steel posts.

Call Mehling – office 406-747-3301 cell 406-480-5907 poles.

5-1/2 to 8toft.8steel posts.

Regional Water Office in Lewistown.

Call RoyRoy Mehling – office 406-747-3301 oror cell 406-480-5907 Regional Water Office in Lewistown.

Sheep fence.

623-910-8171.

He had never been through the permit Sheep fence.

623-910-8171.

He had never been through the permit

MehlingSpraying SprayingService Service Mehling

YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE MONTHLY NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA. YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE AGAG MONTHLY FORFOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA.

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HI-LINEHAYING HAYINGSEASON SEASON HI-LINE

ORR / HI-LINE FARM & RANCH JIMJIM ORR / HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

Hayingseaon seaonis isininfull fullswing swingacross acrossthe theHi-Line.

Hi-Line.Flatbed Flatbedrigs rigsloaded loadedwith withround roundbales balesofofnewly newlycutcuthay hayare area familiar a familiarsight sightthese thesedays, days,rumbling rumblingalong alongour ourhighways highwaysand andcountry country Haying roads.The Thetwo twotrucks trucksabove, above,one onehauling haulinga mother a motherlode lodeofofhay hayonontwo twoflatbed flatbedtrailers, trailers,were wereparked parkedalong alongHighway Highway2 in 2 inGlasgow Glasgowonona hot, a hot,sunny, sunny,late lateJuly Julymorning. morning. roads.

HEO ORANGE RANGEM MIDGE IDGE TTHE

HAvRE HAvRE

NuisanceAgain AgainIn InMontana, Montana,This ThisPest PestIsIsTo ToBe BeTaken TakenSeriously Seriously AANuisance BONNIEDAvIDSON DAvIDSON themininthe thetraps trapsininthe thenorthern northernportion portionofof BYBYBONNIE them THEGLASGOw GLASGOwCOURIER COURIER thecounty. county.

THE the amersgathered gatheredrecently recentlyatatthe the It’snot notquite quitetime timetotopanic panicover overpotenpotenamers It’s ValleyCounty CountyCourthouse Courthousetoto tialdamage damagethat thatcould couldcome. come.However, However, Valley tial hearabout abouta asmall smallinsect insectthat thathas has Pickard Pickardexplained explainedthat thatthe theeconomic economic hear thepotential potentialtotocreate createa alarge largeamount amountofof impactfrom fromdamages damagescan canbebeevident evidentwhen when the impact damage.With WithMontana Montanawheat wheatasasone oneofof yousee seeone onemidge midgeper persix sixheads headsofofwheat. wheat. damage. you thestate’s state’sleading leadingcrops cropsand anda apart partofofthe the The Thetime timetotospray sprayfor forthese thesesmall smallpests pests the largestindustry, industry,farmers farmersare are won’tcome comeuntil untilthat thatkind kindofof largest won’t keepinga alook lookout outfor forthe the widespreaddamage damageisisseen. seen. keeping widespread orangewheat wheatblossom blossommidge. midge.

Farmersininthe theaudience audience orange Farmers DanPickard, Pickard,a aretired retired listedoff offreasons reasonsthat thatspraysprayDan listed extensionagent agentand anda afarmer, farmer, ingfor forthe thepest pestcould couldbebepopoextension ing hasbeen beentaking takinghis histour tourtoto tentiallyharmful, harmful,costly costlyand and has tentially someMontana Montanacounties countiestoto killsome somebeneficial beneficialinsects. insects.ItIt some kill talka alittle littleabout aboutthe thedamages damages canalso alsoput putfarmers farmersaround around talk can anddangers dangersofofthe themidge. midge. chemicalswhile whilethey theyare areout out and chemicals Hetold toldthe thecrowd crowdhehewasn’t wasn’t thefield fieldspraying. spraying.

He ininthe expertononthe thepest, pest,but buthehe Thesearch searchfor fora anatural natural ananexpert The hadbeen beendealing dealingwith withthe the predatorfor forthe themidge midgeturned turned had predator midgeininPondera PonderaCounty.

County.He He wasp.Pickard Pickard midge upuptotobebea awasp.

LARvAEONONwHEAT wHEATHEAD HEAD explained LARvAE explainedthat thatfarmers farmersand and explainedthat thatthe thewasp waspwill will explained extensionagents agentshave havebeen been usuallyfollow followwhere wherethe the extension usually reportingseeing seeingthe themidge, midge,asaswell wellasas midgegoes. goes.Discussion Discussionononreleasing releasingthe the reporting midge damagesthat thatmight mightbebefound. found. wasplocally locallydidn’t didn’tcome comeupupduring duringthe the damages wasp “It’slike likea aneighborhood neighborhoodwatch, watch, meeting,but butthere therewas washope hopethat thatnature nature “It’s meeting, wouldn’tyou youwant wantyour yourneighbor neighbortotoknow know might mighthelp helpthe theprocess processalong. along.The Thewasp wasp wouldn’t there’sa athief thiefinintheir theiryard?” yard?”Pickard Pickardsaid said lays laysitsitseggs eggsininororononthe thelarvae larvaeofofthe theororthere’s thegroup. group. angemidge. midge.AsAsthe theeggs eggshatch, hatch,the thewasps wasps totothe ange ShelleyMills Millsofofthe theValley ValleyCounty County consumethe thelarvae. larvae.

Shelley consume ExtensionOffice Officereported reportedthat thatout outofofthe the Themidge midgeisn’t isn’ta anew newpest pestmaking makinganan Extension The seventraps trapsshe sheset setupupthroughout throughoutthe the appearance.The Theorange orangemosquito-looking mosquito-looking seven appearance. county,allallofofthem themhad hadthe thepresence presenceofofthe the bug bugactually actuallymade madea alarge largeimpact impactininCanaCanacounty, orangemidge, midge,with witha ahigher highernumber numberofof andNorth NorthDakota Dakotaininthe theearly early1990s.

1990s.ItIt orange dadaand

FF

madea abig bigappearance appearanceininFlathead FlatheadValley Valley collected collectedand andreleased releasedininthe thePondera Ponderaand and made Montanainin2006, 2006,which whichwas wasitsitsfirst first Flatheadcounty countyareas, areas,but butit ittakes takesa alife life ininMontana Flathead economicsignificance significancereport reportininthe thestate state cyclefor forthem themtotocreate createa abig bigimpact. impact. economic cycle Montana.Instead Insteadofofyields yieldsfrom from80-90 80-90 Millsencourages encouragesfarmers farmerstotoset setout out ofofMontana.

Mills bushelsper peracre, acre,less lessthan thantwo twobushels bushels trapstotofind findthe themidge. midge.She Shesaid saidthat thatthe the bushels traps wereproduced, produced,ananeconomic economicloss lossofofmore more help helpofoflocal localfarmers farmerscan canprovide provideher herwith with were than$1.5 $1.5million. million. moreeyes eyesononthe thesituation. situation. than more Thelife lifecycle cycleofofthe theorange orangemidge midgeisis Thetime timetotoplace placetraps trapsisisaround aroundmidmidThe The actuallyfairly fairlycomparable comparabletoto June.Mills Millssaid saidthat thatspraying spraying actually June. themosquito. mosquito.AAlotlotofofthe thepopothetraps trapsgreen greenhelp helpkeep keepthe the the the tentialsuccess successofofa alifecycle lifecycle blackflies fliesout. out.The Thetraps trapscan can tential black dependsononthe thetemperature temperature helpthem themsee seewhat whatkind kindofof depends help andthe themoisture. moisture.The Themidge midge presencethe theorange orangemidge midge and presence canlive livearound aroundseven sevendays, days, hasinincertain certainareas. areas. can has producingaround around8080eggs eggsinin Millsalso alsoexplained explainedthat that producing Mills thatshort shortspan spanofoftime. time.While While farmersshould shouldmake makesure sure that farmers fewmidges midgeswon’t won’tmake makea a theyuse useacceptable acceptablepest pest a afew they largeeconomic economicimpact, impact,they they managementand andcontrol, control,and and large management canweaken weakenthe thekernel kerneland andal-alcheckwith withtheir theirinsurance insurance can totocheck lowother otherdamage damageand anddisease disease policiestotoensure ensurethat thathelp help low policies keepingananeye eyeononthe the couldbebethere thereififthe theeconomic economic in.in.SoSokeeping could INSECTONONwHEAT wHEAT INSECT pestisisencouraged. encouraged. impactwas wasdeep. deep. pest impact “Youcan canspot spotthem themright right groupofofresearchers researchershas has “You AAgroup arounddusk duskififyou youget getlevel levelwith withthe thehead head helped helpedcreate createa amap mapfor forfarmers farmerstotonot not around andwatch watchthey theycan canbebespotted,” spotted,”Mills Mills onlysee seewhere wherethe theorange orangemidge midgehas hasbeen been and only said. spotted,but buttotoreport reportwhat whatthey theymight mightfind find said. spotted, Shortterm termideas ideastotodeal dealwith withthe thepest pest trapsset setout. out.The Thewebsite websiteisisatatpestweb. pestweb.

Short inintraps aretotorotate rotatecrops, crops,monitor, monitor,plant plantearly early montana.edu. are montana.edu. springwheat wheatand, and,asasa alast lastresort, resort,spraysprayMillsadded addedthat thatthey theywould wouldoffer offer spring Mills ing. classestotofarmers farmersininthe thearea areaififthere therewas was ing. classes Thelong longterm termideas ideasare aretotouse usebiobioneedfor forit.it.

The a aneed control,which whichisisbringing bringingininthe thenatural natural Formore morequestions questionsand andinformation, information, control, For predator,the thewasp, wasp,and andtotoplant plantresistant resistant youcan canreach reachthe theValley ValleyCounty CountyExtenExtenpredator, you varietiestotothe themidge. midge.The Thewasp waspwas was sionoffice officeatat406-228-6241.

406-228-6241. varieties sion

YOU’REREADING READINGHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH––THE THEAGAGMONTHLY MONTHLYFOR FORNORTHEAST NORTHEAST&&NORTH NORTHCENTRAL CENTRALMONTANA. MONTANA. YOU’RE

COLOR COLOR AD AD

Southbound Southbound

providethe theideal idealhabitat habitatforforthe thepest. pest.Caution Caution provide shouldbebeused usedwhen whenmoving movinghay haythat thathas hasbeen been should cutfrom fromfields fieldscontaining containingNLHB NLHBsince sincethe theseed seed cut CONTINUEDFROM FROMPAGE PAGE4 4 CONTINUED willeasily easilydisperse. disperse. controlofofNLHB NLHBininpost-emergent post-emergentapplications. applications. will control Currentlythere thereisisnonoresearch researchbeing beingdone doneinin Currently (MSUdoes doesnot notendorse endorseone oneproduct; product;trade tradenames names (MSU Montanaforforcontrol controlofofthis thisweed weedininCRP, CRP,range, range, Montana areused usedhere hereonly onlytotosimplify simplifythe thetext.) text.) are pastureororhay hayfields. fields.MSU MSUisislooking lookinginto into pasture Researchconducted conductedinin1984 1984bybyCanadian Canadian Research a researchproject projectininNorthern NorthernValley ValleyCounty County researchersPeschken Peschkenand andDarwent Darwentindicated indicatedthat that a research researchers beginningthis thisfall fallororearly earlynext nextspring springtotoevaluate evaluate beginning healthystands standsofofalfalfa alfalfacould couldoutcompete outcompetenarnarhealthy controloptions optionsininthese theseareas. areas. control row-leavedhawksbeard. hawksbeard.However, However,thin thinstands stands row-leaved

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HI-LINEHAYING HAYINGSEASON SEASON HI-LINE

ORR / HI-LINE FARM & RANCH JIMJIM ORR / HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

Hayingseaon seaonis isininfull fullswing swingacross acrossthe theHi-Line.

Hi-Line.Flatbed Flatbedrigs rigsloaded loadedwith withround roundbales balesofofnewly newlycutcuthay hayare area familiar a familiarsight sightthese thesedays, days,rumbling rumblingalong alongour ourhighways highwaysand andcountry country Haying roads.The Thetwo twotrucks trucksabove, above,one onehauling haulinga mother a motherlode lodeofofhay hayonontwo twoflatbed flatbedtrailers, trailers,were wereparked parkedalong alongHighway Highway2 in 2 inGlasgow Glasgowonona hot, a hot,sunny, sunny,late lateJuly Julymorning. morning. roads.

HEO ORANGE RANGEM MIDGE IDGE TTHE

HAvRE HAvRE

NuisanceAgain AgainIn InMontana, Montana,This ThisPest PestIsIsTo ToBe BeTaken TakenSeriously Seriously AANuisance BONNIEDAvIDSON DAvIDSON themininthe thetraps trapsininthe thenorthern northernportion portionofof BYBYBONNIE them THEGLASGOw GLASGOwCOURIER COURIER thecounty. county.

THE the amersgathered gatheredrecently recentlyatatthe the It’snot notquite quitetime timetotopanic panicover overpotenpotenamers It’s ValleyCounty CountyCourthouse Courthousetoto tialdamage damagethat thatcould couldcome. come.However, However, Valley tial hearabout abouta asmall smallinsect insectthat thathas has Pickard Pickardexplained explainedthat thatthe theeconomic economic hear thepotential potentialtotocreate createa alarge largeamount amountofof impactfrom fromdamages damagescan canbebeevident evidentwhen when the impact damage.With WithMontana Montanawheat wheatasasone oneofof yousee seeone onemidge midgeper persix sixheads headsofofwheat. wheat. damage. you thestate’s state’sleading leadingcrops cropsand anda apart partofofthe the The Thetime timetotospray sprayfor forthese thesesmall smallpests pests the largestindustry, industry,farmers farmersare are won’tcome comeuntil untilthat thatkind kindofof largest won’t keepinga alook lookout outfor forthe the widespreaddamage damageisisseen. seen. keeping widespread orangewheat wheatblossom blossommidge. midge.

Farmersininthe theaudience audience orange Farmers DanPickard, Pickard,a aretired retired listedoff offreasons reasonsthat thatspraysprayDan listed extensionagent agentand anda afarmer, farmer, ingfor forthe thepest pestcould couldbebepopoextension ing hasbeen beentaking takinghis histour tourtoto tentiallyharmful, harmful,costly costlyand and has tentially someMontana Montanacounties countiestoto killsome somebeneficial beneficialinsects. insects.ItIt some kill talka alittle littleabout aboutthe thedamages damages canalso alsoput putfarmers farmersaround around talk can anddangers dangersofofthe themidge. midge. chemicalswhile whilethey theyare areout out and chemicals Hetold toldthe thecrowd crowdhehewasn’t wasn’t thefield fieldspraying. spraying.

He ininthe expertononthe thepest, pest,but buthehe Thesearch searchfor fora anatural natural ananexpert The hadbeen beendealing dealingwith withthe the predatorfor forthe themidge midgeturned turned had predator midgeininPondera PonderaCounty.

County.He He wasp.Pickard Pickard midge upuptotobebea awasp.

LARvAEONONwHEAT wHEATHEAD HEAD explained LARvAE explainedthat thatfarmers farmersand and explainedthat thatthe thewasp waspwill will explained extensionagents agentshave havebeen been usuallyfollow followwhere wherethe the extension usually reportingseeing seeingthe themidge, midge,asaswell wellasas midgegoes. goes.Discussion Discussionononreleasing releasingthe the reporting midge damagesthat thatmight mightbebefound. found. wasplocally locallydidn’t didn’tcome comeupupduring duringthe the damages wasp “It’slike likea aneighborhood neighborhoodwatch, watch, meeting,but butthere therewas washope hopethat thatnature nature “It’s meeting, wouldn’tyou youwant wantyour yourneighbor neighbortotoknow know might mighthelp helpthe theprocess processalong. along.The Thewasp wasp wouldn’t there’sa athief thiefinintheir theiryard?” yard?”Pickard Pickardsaid said lays laysitsitseggs eggsininororononthe thelarvae larvaeofofthe theororthere’s thegroup. group. angemidge. midge.AsAsthe theeggs eggshatch, hatch,the thewasps wasps totothe ange ShelleyMills Millsofofthe theValley ValleyCounty County consumethe thelarvae. larvae.

Shelley consume ExtensionOffice Officereported reportedthat thatout outofofthe the Themidge midgeisn’t isn’ta anew newpest pestmaking makinganan Extension The seventraps trapsshe sheset setupupthroughout throughoutthe the appearance.The Theorange orangemosquito-looking mosquito-looking seven appearance. county,allallofofthem themhad hadthe thepresence presenceofofthe the bug bugactually actuallymade madea alarge largeimpact impactininCanaCanacounty, orangemidge, midge,with witha ahigher highernumber numberofof andNorth NorthDakota Dakotaininthe theearly early1990s.

1990s.ItIt orange dadaand

FF

madea abig bigappearance appearanceininFlathead FlatheadValley Valley collected collectedand andreleased releasedininthe thePondera Ponderaand and made Montanainin2006, 2006,which whichwas wasitsitsfirst first Flatheadcounty countyareas, areas,but butit ittakes takesa alife life ininMontana Flathead economicsignificance significancereport reportininthe thestate state cyclefor forthem themtotocreate createa abig bigimpact. impact. economic cycle Montana.Instead Insteadofofyields yieldsfrom from80-90 80-90 Millsencourages encouragesfarmers farmerstotoset setout out ofofMontana.

Mills bushelsper peracre, acre,less lessthan thantwo twobushels bushels trapstotofind findthe themidge. midge.She Shesaid saidthat thatthe the bushels traps wereproduced, produced,ananeconomic economicloss lossofofmore more help helpofoflocal localfarmers farmerscan canprovide provideher herwith with were than$1.5 $1.5million. million. moreeyes eyesononthe thesituation. situation. than more Thelife lifecycle cycleofofthe theorange orangemidge midgeisis Thetime timetotoplace placetraps trapsisisaround aroundmidmidThe The actuallyfairly fairlycomparable comparabletoto June.Mills Millssaid saidthat thatspraying spraying actually June. themosquito. mosquito.AAlotlotofofthe thepopothetraps trapsgreen greenhelp helpkeep keepthe the the the tentialsuccess successofofa alifecycle lifecycle blackflies fliesout. out.The Thetraps trapscan can tential black dependsononthe thetemperature temperature helpthem themsee seewhat whatkind kindofof depends help andthe themoisture. moisture.The Themidge midge presencethe theorange orangemidge midge and presence canlive livearound aroundseven sevendays, days, hasinincertain certainareas. areas. can has producingaround around8080eggs eggsinin Millsalso alsoexplained explainedthat that producing Mills thatshort shortspan spanofoftime. time.While While farmersshould shouldmake makesure sure that farmers fewmidges midgeswon’t won’tmake makea a theyuse useacceptable acceptablepest pest a afew they largeeconomic economicimpact, impact,they they managementand andcontrol, control,and and large management canweaken weakenthe thekernel kerneland andal-alcheckwith withtheir theirinsurance insurance can totocheck lowother otherdamage damageand anddisease disease policiestotoensure ensurethat thathelp help low policies keepingananeye eyeononthe the couldbebethere thereififthe theeconomic economic in.in.SoSokeeping could INSECTONONwHEAT wHEAT INSECT pestisisencouraged. encouraged. impactwas wasdeep. deep. pest impact “Youcan canspot spotthem themright right groupofofresearchers researchershas has “You AAgroup arounddusk duskififyou youget getlevel levelwith withthe thehead head helped helpedcreate createa amap mapfor forfarmers farmerstotonot not around andwatch watchthey theycan canbebespotted,” spotted,”Mills Mills onlysee seewhere wherethe theorange orangemidge midgehas hasbeen been and only said. spotted,but buttotoreport reportwhat whatthey theymight mightfind find said. spotted, Shortterm termideas ideastotodeal dealwith withthe thepest pest trapsset setout. out.The Thewebsite websiteisisatatpestweb. pestweb.

Short inintraps aretotorotate rotatecrops, crops,monitor, monitor,plant plantearly early montana.edu. are montana.edu. springwheat wheatand, and,asasa alast lastresort, resort,spraysprayMillsadded addedthat thatthey theywould wouldoffer offer spring Mills ing. classestotofarmers farmersininthe thearea areaififthere therewas was ing. classes Thelong longterm termideas ideasare aretotouse usebiobioneedfor forit.it.

The a aneed control,which whichisisbringing bringingininthe thenatural natural Formore morequestions questionsand andinformation, information, control, For predator,the thewasp, wasp,and andtotoplant plantresistant resistant youcan canreach reachthe theValley ValleyCounty CountyExtenExtenpredator, you varietiestotothe themidge. midge.The Thewasp waspwas was sionoffice officeatat406-228-6241.

406-228-6241. varieties sion

YOU’REREADING READINGHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH––THE THEAGAGMONTHLY MONTHLYFOR FORNORTHEAST NORTHEAST&&NORTH NORTHCENTRAL CENTRALMONTANA. MONTANA. YOU’RE

COLOR COLOR AD AD

Southbound Southbound

providethe theideal idealhabitat habitatforforthe thepest. pest.Caution Caution provide shouldbebeused usedwhen whenmoving movinghay haythat thathas hasbeen been should cutfrom fromfields fieldscontaining containingNLHB NLHBsince sincethe theseed seed cut CONTINUEDFROM FROMPAGE PAGE4 4 CONTINUED willeasily easilydisperse. disperse. controlofofNLHB NLHBininpost-emergent post-emergentapplications. applications. will control Currentlythere thereisisnonoresearch researchbeing beingdone doneinin Currently (MSUdoes doesnot notendorse endorseone oneproduct; product;trade tradenames names (MSU Montanaforforcontrol controlofofthis thisweed weedininCRP, CRP,range, range, Montana areused usedhere hereonly onlytotosimplify simplifythe thetext.) text.) are pastureororhay hayfields. fields.MSU MSUisislooking lookinginto into pasture Researchconducted conductedinin1984 1984bybyCanadian Canadian Research a researchproject projectininNorthern NorthernValley ValleyCounty County researchersPeschken Peschkenand andDarwent Darwentindicated indicatedthat that a research researchers beginningthis thisfall fallororearly earlynext nextspring springtotoevaluate evaluate beginning healthystands standsofofalfalfa alfalfacould couldoutcompete outcompetenarnarhealthy controloptions optionsininthese theseareas. areas. control row-leavedhawksbeard. hawksbeard.However, However,thin thinstands stands row-leaved

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TheTerra Bos Terra feedlot The Bos feedlot brought 25 new brought 20 to 20 25 to new jobs to Judith Basin jobs to Judith Basin County, County, alongalong with with contracts to purchase contracts to purchase cereal grain from local cereal grain from local farmers. farmers.

FOR HI-LINE & RANCH FOR HI-LINE FARM &FARM RANCH

Gauging Success Gauging Success

the majority of water rights staff staff notednoted the majority of water rights for flood irrigation. werewere used used for flood irrigation.

James Heffner, a DNRC Groundwater CONTINUED FROM5PAGE 5 James Heffner, a DNRC Groundwater CONTINUED FROM PAGE Hydrologist, developed a methodology Hydrologist, developed a methodology surface Andconnection the connection of accounting for return surface water.water.

And the of accounting for return flowsflows fromfrom ap- apbetween groundwater and surface propriated water.

His results indicated between groundwater and surface waterwaterpropriated water. His results indicated is scientifically established, and legallythat the thatphysical the physical supply is scientifically established, and legally waterwater supply in thein the recognized, and often a key factor in the Judith River, in both flow rate voland volrecognized, and often a key factor in the Judith River, in both flow rate and technical review new permit. ume, above and below the USGS gauge, technical review for a for newa permit. ume, above and below the USGS gauge, The initial analysis for Terra Bos Terra exceeded all legal demands in every The initial analysis for Bos con- conexceeded all legal demands in every cluded the proposed well would depletemonth month the year. cluded the proposed well would deplete of theofyear. stream flows inlower the lower reaches of the In hisInfindings his findings of for factthe forpermit the permit stream flows in the reaches of the 440 Highway 2 West • Glasgow • Across from the Fairgrounds of fact 440 Highway 2 West • Glasgow • Across from the Fairgrounds Judith River, above its confluence with application, Irvin wrote, “The DepartJudith River, above its confluence with application, Irvin wrote, “The Depart406-228-9325 • 406-228-4381 • 1-800-255-1472 406-228-9325 • 406-228-4381 • 1-800-255-1472 the Missouri.

Based on 13 years of datamentment finds the method developed the Missouri.

Based on 13 years of data finds the method developed by itsby its Family owned the Newton Family owned by thebyNewton Boys!Boys! recorded the USGS stream gauge, groundwater groundwater hydrologist of accounting recorded by thebyUSGS stream gauge, hydrologist of accounting Rent A Car See Doug, Kenny or Ted! Rent A Car be a deficit in July, Augustfor return for return accretions credible See Doug, Andy,Andy, Terry,Terry, Kenny or Ted! there there wouldwould be a deficit in July, August flow flow accretions credible and and and September between the amount of reasonable.

The analysis can be applied and September between the amount of reasonable. The analysis can be applied physically available the river in this in instance this instance because DNRC staff waterwater physically available in theinriver because DNRC staff are are andvolume the volume of water legally claimed generally familiar the irrigation and the of water legally claimed generally familiar with with the irrigation by existing holders. practices the reaches of river by existing waterwater right right holders. practices alongalong the reaches of river at at This could have meant a denial for Linda & Mark Nielsen, issue.”

This could have meant a denial for Linda & Mark Nielsen, issue.” theTerra Bos Terra application.

Instead, ✯ the Bos Managing Montana’s – protectSERVINGSAERVING REA AREA ✯ Owners Owners application.

Instead, Managing Montana’s waterwater – protectIvaManager Murch, Manager DNRC staff put their expertise to work.

IVESTOCK P RODUCERS L ing the rights of existing water Iva Murch, DNRC staff put their expertise to work.

LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS ing the rights of existing water usersusers They wanted to atake a look atissue the issuewhilewhile 263-7529263-7529 meeting the never-ending demand OR 68 Y EARS !

F They wanted to take look at the meeting the never-ending demand FOR 68 YEARS! Dean Yard Barnes, Yard Manager Dean Barnes, Manager of return for permits new permits – isenormous an enormous reof return flows.flows. for new – is an re263-1175 263-1175 1946 - 2014 “If you simply add up the volume of August – September sponsibility, and one of the most dif1946 2014 “If you simply add up the volume of EdAuctioneer Hinton, Auctioneer August – September sponsibility, and one of the most difEd Hinton, claimed by each activities DNRC is charged waterwater claimed by each waterwater right,right, you youficultficult activities DNRC is charged withwith 783-7285783-7285 the assumed amount of wa- overseeing. overseeing.

It requires dedicated arrivearrive at theatassumed amount of waIt requires dedicated and and ter diverted or taken the river,” highly highly knowledgeable people.

It requires August – 2014 September – 2014 ter diverted or taken out ofout theofriver,” knowledgeable people.

It requires August – 2014 September – 2014 Irvin says.

“But that isn’t necessarily Thursday a commitment to fairness and accuracy.

Thursday Irvin says. “But that isn’t necessarily Thursday a commitment to fairness and accuracy.

Thursday the amount of water consumed. It requires It requires a sense of stewardship. the amount of water that’sthat’s consumed. a sense of stewardship.

When people flood irrigate, a substantial “We “We always work to base our deNO AUCTION All Class Cattle Auction 7 When people flood irrigate, a substantial 4 always work hard hard to base our de7 NO AUCTION 4 All Class Cattle Auction percentage of diverted returns cisions on what’s happening in the percentage of diverted waterwater returns to to cisions on what’s reallyreally happening in the the stream. river, and in this case it worked out the stream. river, and in this case it worked out for for Early Yearling Special Early Yearling Special “We decided to consider return flows the applicant,” “Sometimes 14 14 “We decided to consider return flows All Cattle Class Cattle Auction the applicant,” says says Irvin.Irvin.

“Sometimes & AllCattle Class Cattle Auction 11 11 All Class Auction & All Class Auction our analysis.

We thought it would our decisions our decisions go the other and we in ourinanalysis.

We thought it would go the other way way and we give us a more detailed picture of actual have to deny an application.

22nd Annual give us a more detailed picture of actual 22 have to deny an application.

22nd Annual 22 NO AUCTION NO AUCTION surface thanrelying just relying “Either we give all parties surface flows,flows, ratherrather than just on on “Either Fall Feeder Classic way, way, we give all parties Fall Feeder Classic 18 what we have on the books or what the plenty of personal attention.

18 Early Consignments: what we have on the books or what the Early Consignments: *600 Black plenty of personal attention. Our Our doordoor *600 Black stream gauge was telling us.” is always open.

If we need to stream gauge was telling us.”

29 29 AllCattle Class Cattle Auction is always open. If we need to go togotheto the Steers 950-975# Vermilion All Class Auction Steers 950-975# Vermilion & Sitz & Sitz Irvin andstaff his went staff went back and field field to gain an on-the-ground perspecIrvin and his back and to gain an on-the-ground perspecBreeding. *Diamond Ringfrom Steers from Breeding. *Diamond Ring Steers re-evaluated the Lower Judith.

Instead tive, tive, weWe go.do Wewhatever do whatever it takes re-evaluated the Lower Judith.

Instead we go. it takes to to 2 top Montana Ranches. *100 Black 2 top Montana Ranches. *100 Black 406-228-9306 of analyzing that 50-mile reach as a make the best decision.”

406-228-9306 that 50-mile reach as a make the best decision.”

Steers 875-900# All Natural. *Expecting of analyzing Steers 875-900# All Natural. *Expecting single unit, broke they broke it down into three What’s P.O.129 Box 129 What’s at stake is nothing less than single unit, they it down into three P.O. Box at stake is nothing less than overof2000 of NE Montana Outstanding smaller segments, in order to more acover 2000 NE Montana Outstanding Glasgow, MT 59230 the state’s ability to grow jobs and its smaller segments, in order to more acGlasgow, MT 59230 the state’s ability to grow jobs and its steers, spayed hfrs. &open testedhfrs. open hfrs. curately identify individual steers, spayed hfrs. & tested economy, Peterson. gsi@nemont.net curately identify wherewhere individual waterwater economy, says says Peterson. gsi@nemont.net & All Cattle Class Cattle Auction located, andtype the of type of ability to develop & All Class Auction www.glasgowstockyards.com rightsrights were were located, and the “The“The ability to develop waterwater is theis the www.glasgowstockyards.com irrigation methods used.

In the third and key to rural economic development,” irrigation methods used. In the third and key to rural economic development,” he he Theand OneOnly and Sheep Only Sheep The One final segment the river, between the to key to Terra’s Bos Terra’s ability Please call in consignments final segment of theofriver, between the the says.says.

“It’s “It’s the key Bos ability Please call in consignments 25 Auction of 2014 25 Auction of 2014 mouth of Warm Springs Creek and the to dotobusiness. do business.

We can’t do what we do so buyers can be notified. mouth of Warm Springs Creek and the We can’t do what we do so buyers can be notified. & All Cattle Class Cattle Auction & All Class Auction Judith’s confluence withMissouri, the Missouri, without without Judith’s confluence with the it.” it.”

NEWTONMOTORS, MOTORS,INC. INC. NEWTON NEW & USED TRUCKS AND CARS NEW & USED TRUCKS AND CARS In One Convenient Location All All In One Convenient Location

Glasgow Stockyards, Glasgow Stockyards, Inc.Inc.

2014 2014 Schedule FallFall Schedule

Robert Peterson needed a water permit forlivestock his livestock feeding operation in Judith Basin County.

Robert Peterson needed a water rightright permit for his feeding operation in Judith Basin County.

HI-LINE FARM & RANCH FORFOR HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

AUGINGSSUCCESS UCCESS GGAUGING

Expertise, Dedication DriveWater WaterPermitting Permitting Expertise, Dedication Drive

ence” extending 105,000 feet.

Within total estimated volume 4,000 acre-feet application process before. plentyence” SPECIAL TO HI-LINE & RANCH extending 105,000 feet.

Within total estimated volume of of 4,000 acre-feet application process before.

He He hadhad plenty SPECIAL TO HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH zone were established rights in the groundwater zone.” of concerns.

Atmouth the mouth ofJudith the Judith River, thisthis zone were 26 26 established rights to to in the groundwater zone.”

At the of the River, just just of concerns. groundwater.

“But in terms of groundsurface water analysis was an agonizing process,” Peterabove its confluence the Missouri groundwater.

“But in terms of groundTheThe surface water analysis was a a “It’s“It’s an agonizing process,” Peterabove its confluence withwith the Missouri water availability, things looked good,” different story.

By law, no new water son says.

“You have a large amount of River, there is a U.S. Geological Survey water availability, things looked good,” different story. By law, no new water son says. “You have a large amount of River, there is a U.S. Geological Survey Irvin says, established water rights appropriation appropriation Montana adversely capital upainprocess a process that’s open- Irvin stream gauge.

Installed in 2000, the gauge capital says, “the“the established water rights in in Montana cancan adversely tiedtied up in that’s openstream gauge.

Installed in 2000, the gauge accounted only acre-feet affect established rights ground ended. go the all the through it, youaccounted has done itsflawlessly job flawlessly foryears, 13 years, ended. for for only 378378 acre-feet outout of aof a affect established rights to to ground or or YouYou go all wayway through it, you has done its job for 13 CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 provide all the information knowing you providing a constant record of river flows CONTINUED ON PAGE 8 provide all the information knowing you providing a constant record of river flows approved in the onLower the Lower Judith.

But when it comes maymay not not get get approved in the end.end.

AndAnd it’s it’s on the Judith.

But when it comes a fairly hurdle to get over.” to processing a water application highhigh hurdle to get over.” to processing a water rightright application for for a fairly application landed on the a new business – when it comes to really His His application landed on the deskdesk of of a new business – when it comes to really Scott Irvin, who has served as manager knowing water availability – the expertise Scott Irvin, who has served as manager knowing water availability – the expertise Aerial & Ground Application of DNRC the DNRC Regional Office in LewisAerial & Ground Application and dedication of people trump Regional Office in Lewisand dedication of people will will trump the the of the for years.

16 years.

“The Judith River stream gauge 2 Turbine Tractors towntown for 16 “The Judith River stream gauge everyevery time.time. n 2nTurbine AirAir Tractors Basin isn’t a closed basin, but water Robert Peterson was developing a Basin isn’t a closed basin, but water Robert Peterson was developing a 2 JD 4830 Self-propelled Sprayers n 2nJD 4830 Self-propelled Sprayers availability is tight from a legal perspecbusiness in Judith Basin County. availability is tight from a legal perspecnew new business in Judith Basin County. n Case 4430 Sprayer tive,” says.

“I couldn’t honestly His proposed cattle feeding operation, tive,” n Case 4430 Sprayer IrvinIrvin says.

“I couldn’t honestly saysay His proposed cattle feeding operation, at the start whether the business would be called Bos Terra, would create 20-25 new n All GPS equipped called Bos Terra, would create 20-25 new at the start whether the business would be n All GPS equipped approved or not.” jobs in a county with 2,072 residents.

In approved or not.” jobs in a county with 2,072 residents. In Lewistown began addition to growing much of cereal the cereal TheThe Lewistown staffstaff began theirtheir addition to growing much of the analysis.

In geologic terms, proposed grain needed for silage on site, Bos Terra proposed grain needed for silage on site, Bos Terra analysis. In geologic terms, the the well would draw from a confined sandwould also purchase grain through the well would draw from a confined sandwould also purchase grain through the stone aquifer within the Third Cat Creek local market.

As rural economic developCompetitive prices Chemicals local market. As rural economic develop- stone aquifer within the Third Cat Creek ✔✔ Competitive prices on on Chemicals Member of the Kootenai Formation Peterson’s business would Member of the Kootenai Formation at aat a mentment goes,goes, Peterson’s business would and Application and Application depth of 1,548 Results a pump impact. depth of 1,548 feet.feet.

Results of aofpump havehave impact. ✔ Pre-Harvest Desicating test and computer modeling indicated the To be a viable operation, Bos Terra ✔ Pre-Harvest Desicating test and computer modeling indicated the To be a viable operation, Bos Terra Applications new well would have a “zone of influneeded water – for irrigating crops, for Applications new well would have a “zone of influneeded water – for irrigating crops, for livestock, forthe all other the other needs of any ✔ Or any other Applications need livestock, for all needs of any ✔ Or any other Applications thatthat need business. for that, Robert Peterson business.

AndAnd for that, Robert Peterson to done. be done.

FOR SALE GLASGOW to be FOR SALE IN IN GLASGOW needed a water permit.

In 2012, needed a water rightright permit.

In 2012, Good Fencing Materials. ✔ Round-Up work Good Fencing Materials. he submitted an application a 150✔ Round-Up work he submitted an application for afor 1508-10 ft. power poles.

16 ft. rail 8-10 ft. power poles. 16 ft. rail gallon-per-minute to DNRC the DNRC gallon-per-minute wellwell to the poles.

5-1/2 ft. steel posts.

Call Mehling – office 406-747-3301 cell 406-480-5907 poles.

5-1/2 to 8toft.8steel posts.

Regional Water Office in Lewistown.

Call RoyRoy Mehling – office 406-747-3301 oror cell 406-480-5907 Regional Water Office in Lewistown.

Sheep fence.

623-910-8171.

He had never been through the permit Sheep fence.

623-910-8171.

He had never been through the permit

MehlingSpraying SprayingService Service Mehling

YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE MONTHLY NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA. YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH – THE AGAG MONTHLY FORFOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA.

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Farmers Elevator Farmers Elevator Co.Co.

Your stop Your oneone stop forfor all all of of your baler twine your baler twine andand bale wrap needs! bale wrap needs!

Brazilian or Bridon Plastic Brazilian SisalSisal or Bridon Plastic

In Stock: Bagged or Bulk In Stock: Bagged or Bulk Creep Feed with Bovetec Creep Feed with Bovetec

to help put weight on your calves! to help put weight gain gain on your calves!

Smart-lic Supplement Tubs Smart-lic Supplement Tubs

ED DAVIS / MSU CROP SPECIALIST ED DAVIS / MSU CROP WEED WEED SPECIALIST

Pictured arebasal the basal leaves, and flowers the narrow-leaved hawksbeard.

The flowers are yellow and resemble dandelions.

Pictured are the leaves, seedsseeds and flowers of theofnarrow-leaved hawksbeard.

The flowers are yellow and resemble dandelions.

to keep in condition! top condition! to keep youryour herdherd in top

Farmers Farmers Elevator Elevator

NN

SOUTHBOUND SOUTHBOUND

Here Comes The Troublesome Narrow-Leaved Hawksbeard Here Comes The Troublesome Narrow-Leaved Hawksbeard

resulting the need for additional Bogler 2006). rapidly develop a flowering arrow-leaved hawks- rapidly in theinneed for additional Bogler 2006).

SeedsSeeds may may resulting develop a flowering shoot.shoot.1968,1968, arrow-leaved hawkscontrol measures. also be carried by animals, machinIdentification ofweed this weed (Crepis tectorum)Identification control measures. carried by animals, machinof this at theat the also be beardbeard (Crepis tectorum) 1st Ave. 1st Ave. NorthNorth Because the plant is a winter eryhumans. and humans.

Control measures Because rosette is critical has become an increas-rosette the plant is a winter Control measures stagestage is critical sincesince the the ery and has become an increasGlasgow, MT 59230 ing problem Glasgow, MT 59230 annual as well as a summer annual, should on preventing winter annual is rapidly ing problem in Valley and Danielswinter as well as a summer annual, focusfocus on preventing seed seed annual annual formform is rapidly in- in- should in Valley and Daniels fall tillage or fall applications of production. creasing across the prairies (Bubar, counties in the past six to seven fall tillage or fall applications of production. creasing across the prairies (Bubar, counties in the past six to seven Elevator • 228-4422 Elevator • 228-4422 2,4-DB at a to pint the or acre or glyNLHB on both McColl and Hall 2000).

Narrow- NLHB member the sun- McColl 2,4-DB at a pint thetoacre glydoes does well well on both and Hall 2000).

Narrowyears.years.

This This member of theofsunphosate mixed a sulfonyl calcareous and lime deficientphosate leaved hawksbeard flower family has moved tank tank mixed with with a sulfonyl soils soils and lime deficient leaved hawksbeard can can calcareous flower family has moved product or other residual but prefers nutrient rich clay urea urea germinate asas low as soils soils Alaska product or other residual are are but prefers nutrient rich clay as low southsouth fromfrom Alaska and and SHELLEY germinate SHELLEY very effective for control of this and loamy soils.

It can easily adapt 36° 39° F but optimal Canada very effective for control of this and loamy soils.

It can easily adapt 36° 39° F but optimal Canada after after it wasit was MILLS MILLS pest in fallow, or post-harvest. to a wide of climate and soilpest in germination occurs introduced fallow, or post-harvest. rangerange of climate and soil germination occurs at at to a wide introduced therethere fromfrom Caution be used if rotating conditions.

- 72°F (Nadtochii conditions.

Eurasia in contaminated Caution mustmust be used if rotating 68° -68° 72°F (Nadtochii Eurasia in contaminated to a susceptible as peas, a problem 2009). crop crop such such as peas, This This plantplant is notisanot problem in in to a susceptible 2009). seed.seed. lentils, chickpeas, canola, mustard conventionally leaves acreages of CRP, chickpeas, canola, mustard conventionally tilledtilled fieldsfields sincesince lentils, BasalBasal leaves vary vary but but Vast Vast acreages of CRP, or flax.

NLHB not tolerate tillage or flax. usually backward-NLHB rangeland and pasture does does not tolerate tillage usually havehave backwardrangeland and pasture Research conducted butbecome can become difficult pointed and re- well;well; as well as cropland Research beingbeing conducted by by but can difficult in in pointed teethteeth and reas well as cropland Ed Davis, Scientist, and minimum till fields, Ed Davis, semble dandelion. become infested MSUMSU WeedWeed Scientist, and minimum till fields, semble dandelion.

BasalBasalno-tillno-till havehave become infested has indicated that pre-plant range, pasture, alfalfa leaves will often wither CRP,CRP, this weed in Valley that pre-plant burn-burnrange, pasture, alfalfa and and has indicated leaves will often wither with with this weed in Valley ofplant this plant is more effective hay fields. also inhabits the plant County.

Initially of this is more effective It alsoIt inhabits road-road- downdown after after the plant bolts,bolts, hay fields.

County.

Initially the the with the use of glyphosate at 21 sides and waste areas.

The cool, leaving only the narrow, was identified with the use of glyphosate at 21 sides and waste areas.

The cool, leaving only the narrow, weedweed was identified MSU EXTENSION MSU EXTENSION ounces per plus acre aplus a residual conditions of reduced tillageounces shaped leaves by a producer per acre residual her- herconditions of reduced tillage lancelance shaped leaves on on moistmoist by a producer southsouth of of VALLEY COUNTY the stem and branches of fields provides the ideal habitat for bicide such as Tribenuron methyl, Opheim in 2008. bicide such as Tribenuron methyl, the stem and branches of fields provides the ideal habitat for Opheim in 2008.

In anIn an VALLEY COUNTY Thifensulfuron methyl, Florasuthe seed to germinate (Baig and the plant. effort to learn how to Thifensulfuron methyl, Florasuthe seed to germinate (Baig and the plant. effort to learn how to Stop and visit Stop by by and visit lam or fluroxypyr.

Use of these Gamache 2005).

Narrow-leaved control this weed, lam or fluroxypyr.

Use of these Gamache 2005).

Narrow-leaved control this weed, the the with about with us us about products will cause Narrow-leaved hawksbeard hawksbeard (NLHB) will bolt grower conducted 40-acre test plots will cause issuesissues if youif you Narrow-leaved hawksbeard can canproducts hawksbeard (NLHB) will bolt grower conducted 40-acre test plots are rotating to susceptible be pulled andmethod this method are rotating the spring andflower can flower be pulled of various herbicides in chemical earlyearly – Herbicides to susceptible cropscrops in in easilyeasily and this in theinspring and can of various herbicides in chemical – Herbicides the following year.

His research should be used to remove small from late June through September. fallow on his own property.

Since the following year.

His research should be used to remove small from late June through September. fallow on his own property.

Since – Fungacides – Fungacides also suggests a burn-down infestations the weed.

The seeds dorequire not require a dormantinfestations that time the weed has spread that athat burn-down her- herof theofweed.

PlantsPlants also suggests The seeds do not a dormant that time the weed has spread – Pesticides – Pesticides as glyphosate, that have pulled will continuebicidebicide period for germination.

Flowers that have across the northern end of Valley period alonealone (such(such as glyphosate, beenbeen pulled will continue for germination.

Flowers across the northern end of Valley paraquat, carfentrazone-ethyl, to produce and should usually are open the morning to produce County and Daniels into Daniels County. usually carfentrazone-ethyl, or or seed seed and should be be paraquat, are open in theinmorning and into County. carry of your County WeWe carry all all of your saflufenacil) initially placed in a plastic bag,inleft and early afternoon, but often will oftenplaced has recently may may initially seemseem ef- efin a plastic bag, left thein the saflufenacil) afternoon, but will This This weedweed has recently beenbeen and early Agronomy Needs.

Agronomy Needs. fective butplant the plant will overcome to decompose during the afternoon positively identified but the will overcome decompose then then takentaken to to fective during the afternoon and and sun tosun positively identified alongalong High-High- closeclose your Soil the injury and continue to grow the landfill. the rosette the injury evening.

NLHB an easy way 2, indicating it is movingevening.

GetGet your FallFall Soil and continue to grow and and PlantsPlants in theinrosette NLHB formsforms an easy to to the landfill. way 2, indicating that itthat is moving produce be missed, so follow-upproduce shallow taproot that exudes is a listed noxious seed.seed. may may be missed, so follow-up shallow taproot that exudes a astagestage It is aItlisted noxious weedweed pull, pull, Sampling done early south.south.

Sampling done early Ed Davis’ research on postinspections the should area should broken. in Minnesota and in Alberta Ed Davis’ research on postinspections of theofarea be be juicejuice whenwhen broken. in Minnesota and in Alberta and and milkymilky to avoid rush! to avoid thethe rush! emergent applications has shown to ensure thattheallplants the plants emergent Numerous flowers are borne Manitoba Provinces in Canada. applications has shown donedone to ensure that all Numerous flowers are borne on on Manitoba Provinces in Canada. promise products pulled. several branches the stem.

It is found also found in Alaska, British several somesome promise fromfrom products such such beenbeen pulled. branches of theofstem.

The The havehave It is also in Alaska, British as Starane Huskie Mowing can control this inva- as Starane reproduces by seeds Columbia, Yukon Territories Flex,Flex, GoldGold Sky, Sky, Huskie Mowing can control this invareproduces solelysolely by seeds Columbia, Yukon Territories and and plantplant Complete, Widematch + Frontline, sive weed, butplants the plants andproduce can produce to 49,000 Saskatchewan.

Widematch + Frontline, sive weed, but the mustmust be be Complete, and can up toup 49,000 seedsseeds Saskatchewan.

Starane + Affinity Broadspecmowed the season to keepStarane per plant (Najda al. 1982).

The plant produces a basal Flex Flex + Affinity Broadspecearlyearly in theinseason to keep per plant (Najda et al.et 1982).

The The mowed The plant produces a basal Glasgow – 228-2571 Glasgow – 228-2571 trum, and Starane Flex + Express. them from using the remaining sap seeds are 3 mm long, purple when rosette usually in the late summer trum, and Starane Flex + Express. them from using the remaining sap seeds are 3 mm long, purple when rosette usually in the late summer Sales: Gilbert Gilbert – 263-2571 Sales: – 263-2571 The addition of a sulfonyl urea in the stem to produce viable seed. ripe and have a pappus of soft or early fall and may overwinter in The addition of a sulfonyl urea in the stem to produce viable seed. ripe and have a pappus of soft or early fall and may overwinter in Josh – 785-7006 Josh – 785-7006 greatly enhanced the long Mown produce that allow it to easily Mown this stage.

It may also germinate enhanced the long term term plantsplants may may produce moremore greatly hairshairs that allow it to easily this stage.

It may also germinate in inwhitewhite Customer Owned Co-op YourYour Customer Owned Co-op the mower disseminate the wind (Hultén seed seed the early spring, a rosette headsheads at theatmower levellevel in theinwind (Hultén the early spring, formform a rosette and anddisseminate CONTINUED ON PAGE CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 7

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Speaker Duane of Sidney Inc., above left, describes varieties and gives his sugar outlook for 2014 during the extension's annual Speaker Duane PetersPeters of Sidney SugarSugar Inc., above left, describes seed seed varieties and gives his sugar beet beet outlook for 2014 during the extension's annual field field in Sidney. the photo at right, Rosendale and Rep. Staffanson are among listening on farm wagons the field day tour day inday Sidney.

In theInphoto at right, statestate Sen. Sen. MattMatt Rosendale and Rep. ScottScott Staffanson are among thosethose listening on farm wagons as theasfield day tour progresses through different progresses through different crops.crops.

MSUExtension ExtensionField FieldDay DayTurns Turns3434 MSU

Scientists Discuss Seed Development; Suger Beet Outlook Focus Scientists Discuss Seed Development; Suger Beet Outlook In In Focus

wheat irrigated fields. deposit Staffanson in attendance FOR HI-LINE & RANCH and and irrigated fields.

TheyThey deposit ScottScott Staffanson werewere in attendance as as wheat FOR HI-LINE FARMFARM & RANCH nitrogen the soil the scientists presented work.

Montana University Agri- the scientists backback into into the soil and and havehave beenbeen presented theirtheir work.

The The nitrogen The The Montana StateState University Agrihighly successful a tool to help ranged techniques cultural Experiment Station Exten- teststests successful as a as tool to help withwith ranged fromfrom techniques that that use use highly cultural Experiment Station and and Extenmanagement.

Several producmanipulation to strengthen wheat weedweed Service its 34th annual management.

Several locallocal producmanipulation to strengthen wheat sionsion Service heldheld its 34th annual FieldField seedseed ers have found ready stems to withstand winds in Sidney on Thursday, ers have found that that theythey havehave ready ac- acstems to withstand highhigh winds priorprior Day Day in Sidney on Thursday, JulyJuly 24. 24. to markets making soybeans a nice to harvest, to growing crops in such event capped of dedicatedto harvest, to markets making soybeans a nice to growing crops in such a a cesscess The The event capped 100 100 yearsyears of dedicated addition to their rotation. fashion to disrupt the reproductive addition service

by MSU the MSU Extension Office. fashion to their cropcrop rotation. as toasdisrupt the reproductive service by the Extension Office.

Duane Peters, agronomist for Sidney cycles of problematic the problematic insects thereby Duane employees of extension the extension office cycles Peters, agronomist for Sidney of the insects thereby The The employees of the office Sugars spoke about the different reducing damage. dedicated careers to identify- reducing Sugars Inc. Inc. spoke about the different cropcrop damage. havehave dedicated theirtheir careers to identifyvarieties of sugar a brief Additional experiments assistedvarieties ing diseases improving the produc- Additional of sugar beetsbeets and and gavegave a brief experiments havehave assisted ing diseases and and improving the producoutlook for current the current sugar the agricultural community develop-outlook of crops the crops grown in Montana. for the sugar beetbeet crop.crop. the agricultural community into into develoption tion of the grown in Montana.

At present he estimates an average ing crops cangrown be grown a rotationAt present unique growing conditions present ing crops he estimates an average of of that that can be in a in rotation Our Our unique growing conditions present 29 tons per acre of beets traditional crops as sugarjust just challenges and opportunities overover 29 tons per acre of beets to beto be theirtheir traditional crops suchsuch as sugar manymany challenges and opportunities to theto the withwith harvested in fall. the fall. is greater or wheat.

Many times, by chang- harvested agricultural community. scientists in the ThisThis is greater thanthan or wheat.

Many times, by changagricultural community.

The The scientists at at beetsbeets of other the other regions ing crop the crop which has been grown ofseven the seven research centers located ing the of the regions and and moremore thanthan which has been grown in in any any eacheach of the research centers located an acre greater the previthe same location for many years, around the state conduct experiments tonstons an acre greater thanthan the previthe same location for many years, the the two two around the state conduct experiments ous record 27 tons per acre setour in our farmer improve the soil conditions ous record designed to develop thatable are able of 27oftons per acre set in maymay improve the soil conditions designed to develop seedsseeds that are to to farmer reduce the presence of disease increase the productivity ofagricultural the agriculturaland and reduce the presence of disease and and area.area. increase the productivity of the producers an eye insects slowly reducing industry in Montana.

These experiments insects The The producers mustmust still still keepkeep an eye that that havehave slowly beenbeen reducing industry in Montana.

These experiments to global the global sugar markets the proproduction profits. generated a quantifiable return on in-theirtheir to the sugar markets and and the proproduction and and profits. havehave generated a quantifiable return on induction in Mexico particularly Always of interest is marketability the marketabilityduction vestment as agriculture remains the number Always in Mexico moremore particularly as as of interest is the vestment as agriculture remains the number can have impact on actual the actual of any crops.

Soybeans shownthat that one industry in state. our state. can have hugehuge impact on the of any new new crops.

Soybeans havehave shown one industry in our value of their a good rotation in both dryland value Rosendale of their crop.crop. good rotation in both dryland StateState Sen.Sen. MattMatt Rosendale and and Rep.Rep. to betoa be

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Pulse crops: Progress made in popularity

New Focus

■ Continued from page A3

Part of the new focus by growers to increase domestic sales is simply to increase awareness of the benefits of eating pulses and the ways in which they can be incorporated into everyday meals.

Montana growers have a voluntary checkoff dollars program to which pulse growers donate a small percentage of sales to a prog ra m a d m i n i s t e re d by t h e M o n ta n a Department of Ag. This funding is used to help promote pulse crop consumption through research and marketing, said Stoner, who also is a member of the Montana Pulse Advisory Council for the check-off program.

Stoner said the check-off program, through Northern Pulse Growers and their affiliate USA Dry Pea and Lentil Council, started a culinary institute to develop new pulse recipes and find ways expose top chefs to these recipes and ways of cooking pulses.

Northern Pulse has also brought in trade teams from countries interested in importing their pulses to show potential buyers the quality of pulses grown in the region, he added.

“We’re very high in protein and very low in fat, so it’s a really good protein source, and it’s a cheap protein,” he said. “It’s a lot cheaper protein than animal protein, and for a lot of people in third world countries, developing countries, it’s a major part of their diet.”

In the U.S. awareness and consumption of pulses is on the rise, too, Stoner said, most notably seen in the marked increase in the popularity of hummus, a

“We’re going to increase pulses in our school lunch program. We want to get children used to the taste of it and eating it, and we think that one way to really increase our consumption is to get the children to acquire a taste for it,” he said.

The program is in the promotional stage, developing recipes, he said, but a provision of the program is that the whole bean must be used so that it is an identifiable product to children.

The intent is to avoid using pulses as flour or in ways otherwise blended with foods because the program’s purpose is to increase recognition of the pulses, have the children be able to distinguish the pulses in their diet so they will know to use them in cooking later in life.

Around the World The school lunch program’s emphasis on guiding children to recognize that they are eating pulses represents a major shift in the marketing of pulses in many European-based cultures, such as Canada and Australia as well as the U.S. — to make these foods a part of mainstream culture at home.

In 2010 the Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development ministry had a presentation on marketing pulses to increase pulse consumption through health professionals’ education, media recognition, young adult’s education

in school curriculum and promotion of Pulse Week at a renown Edmonton restaurant — all in conjunction with Pulse Canada, an Alberta pulse growers association, The Grains Research and Development Corp., overseen by the Australian government, held their inaugural Pulse Breeding Australia National Conference dinner with celebrity chefs Simon Bryant and Ragini Dey giving a cooking demonstration and providing a pulse-based luncheon for attendees.

Simon Bryant has become popular in the U.S. featured on ABC TV’s “The Cook and the Chef.” On and off the show, he is a staunch proponent of sustainable and local foods, including pulses.

Signs of a Strong Pulse This celebrity and high-profile media attention is helping to spread the word about pulses.

Northern Pulse Growers Association, like many pulse associations and government websites, has a web page promoting recipes for home cooking with pulses.

A recent post on the international food blog Real Local Good, online at http:// www.realocalgood.com, featured a recipe for a Caribbean salad made with lentils that the site's editors found in the Northern Pulse cookbook.

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Courtesy photo/Abigail Konen A field of peas are harvested in Teton County in 2012. food dip or spread made primarily from chickpeas.

“I think chickpeas and hummus is a huge story (nationally). In the last five years I believe our consumptions has gone up tenfold,” he said, adding that in the U.S. “we consume almost all the chickpeas that we raise — because of the increase in the domestic demand in hummus.”

Even the U.S. military has gotten on board, developing a brownie from a pulsebased flour that increases the protein content of the dessert food.

Government Support The 2014 Farm Bill passed earlier this year helped the pulse industry in many ways.

A media release from Montana State University in early July announced that the farm bill is funding an accredited regional laboratory at the university for diagnosing insects, diseases and weeds in pulse crops.

Supporters of the lab, including from Northern Pulse and the state ag department, expect the work done there to help develop better varieties of pulses and increase marketing opportunities.

Another major development for pulse growers came with the passing of the farm bill, which included pulse crops in the school lunch program.

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U.S. pulse crop growers are working to change the everyday eating habits of American consumers.

Pam Burke community@havredailynews.com While dry bean legumes, called pulse crops, are commonly prepared in meals in many countries, especially the Middle East, third world and developing countries, historically, their use has been limited in the U.S. and other European-based countries. That, however, could change as grower, government and individual initiatives promote the inclusion of these foods in everyday diets.

“Worldwide there’s a huge demand for pulses, and we’re able to sell just about everything we grow either domestically or overseas,” said Jon Stoner, a farmer north of Havre who sits on the board of the Northern Pulse Growers Association of Montana and North Dakota.

About 80 percent of pulses grown in the U.S. are exported, Stoner said, but growers across the country, and in Montana especially, would like to see an increase in domestic sales as well.

“Montana has been increasing pulse production in the last five, six years by quite a bit. We would love to be able to sell everything that we produce domestically,” he said.

The Numbers Courtesy photo/Montana Department of Agriculture A field of peas grows in Broadwater County in 2011.

The most recent statistics from the Montana Department of Agriculture show that from 1998 to 2013 the number of acres in Montana planted to produce a pulse crop — peas, lentils or chickpeas — grew

www.havredailynews.com from just more than 60,000 acres to 600,000 acres.

By significant numbers the greatest production of pulses was in counties along the top third of the state, along or close to the Canadian border, from the Rocky Mountain Front to North Dakota. Sheridan County in the extreme northeast corner, followed by Valley, Daniels and Roosevelt counties, leads the numbers.

Many pulse crops are planted on land that would otherwise be left fallow for a season to rest it a year from soil nutrient and moisture depletion and to give growers a year to farm out weeds. But research has shown that legumes enrich nitrogen in the soil and fight weeds by choking them out with low, thick, ground-covering growth and allowing for use of different weed-fighting chemicals. The pulses also are generally easy on moisture levels because the roots are shallow-growing.

In the Montana Pulse Industry Report released in 2011, Chad Lee of the state ag department said that Montana grower’s pulse cropsproduction outpaced all other states that year. By his estimates, the number of farm acres planted in these legume crops — rather than being left fallow and nonproducing that season — increased the statewide farming income by about $100 million.

“Clearly,” Lee wrote, “Montana’s economy, farmers, and communities have a lot to gain from expanded pulse production; there may be no single opportunity available to Montana’s agricultural industry that offers as much potential benefit.”

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Pulse crops

Appeals court upholds label law

The Associated Press had a major story out of New York June 27 about chef and author Dan Barber, who has cooked for President Barack and Michelle Obama, featuring what he called Rotation Salad in his restaurant, Blue Hill. The salad includes rotation crops, including pulses, to help promote the consumption of these farm products.

The inspiration for the salad comes from a concept he wrote about in his book “The Third Plate: Field Notes on the Future of Food” in which he says the farm-to-table philosophy is flawed because it promotes c o n s u m p t i o n o f o n l y c e r ta i n fo o d s.

Consumers need, he told AP reporter Jocelyn Noveck, to support the entire sustainable industry to make planting pulses and other rotation crops viable for the producer.

FoodServiceDirector.com, an online publication for the food service industry, reported Oct. 15, 2012, that University of California, Berkley, added sushi and hummus to the concessions menu at their Memorial Stadium. The concessions sold out these specialty foods by the end of the second quarter of the Cal Bears home opener football game, with record-high sales for a single game.

“You never saw hummus in local grocery stores before recent years," said Stoner.

“We really believe that the American consumer can hear our story and start using more pulses,” he added.

MARY CLARE JALONICK Associated Press WASHINGTON — A federal appeals court on Tuesday upheld new government rules requiring labels on packaged steaks, ribs and other cuts of meat to say where the animals were born, raised and slaughtered.

The meat industry has attempted to block the rules, which went into effect last year, saying they are costly and provide no health benefits to the consumer. The industry said in court that the rules go beyond what Congress intended and violate First Amendment rights to freedom of speech by forcing meat producers to provide information about their products without "directly advancing a government interest."

The full appellate panel heard the case after a three-judge appeals panel ruled against the industry but suggested the full court may want to review its decision. The first panel had ruled that the industry's claims were unlikely to succeed in court and said a consumer's interest in choosing domestic meat is worthy of what the court called a "minimal" intrusion on the meat industry's First Amendment rights.

In the opinion issued Tuesday, Judge Stephen F. Williams of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, who was also on the three-judge panel, upheld the earlier decision and wrote for the majority of the full panel. He wrote that the government's interest in country-of-origin labels is "substantial" because there is a

long history of such disclosures, a demonstrated consumer interest in knowing where food comes from and individual health concerns and market impacts that could arise if there is a foodborne illness outbreak in one of the countries.

The lawsuit was led by the American Meat Institute, which represents the nation's largest meatpackers, and joined by other meat industry groups. The meat industry has argued that the paperwork behind the labels is burdensome and that it's not practical to keep cattle and hogs from other countries separate from domestic animals.

In a statement, AMI said the decision is disappointing.

"We have maintained all along that the country of origin rule harms livestock producers and the industry and affords little benefit to consumers," said James H. Hodges, the group's interim president and CEO. "This decision will perpetuate those harms."

Hodges did not say whether the industry will appeal to the Supreme Court. He said the group will "evaluate our options moving forward."

The labeling rules have support from consumer groups, environmental groups and some farm groups. U.S. Ranchers who raise cattle near the northern border and compete with Canadian ranchers have been most supportive of the rules, which Congress wrote in 2002 and revised in 2008 after years of haggling with the meat industry.

Ranchers and meatpackers in the Southwest.

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The pulse of U.S. food culture