Hi-Line Farm & Ranch November 2017

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November 12 12March November 2017 12 20152017 May 2015 12 12 March 2015

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State from Around Around the the State State State FFA FFA Conventions Conventions Draws Draws Students Students from

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Creed third place place winner winner and and greenhand greenhandsecond secondplace placewinner winnerMickayla MickaylaJohnson Johnsonaccepting acceptingan anaward awardatatthe the Creed third state convention in Billings. state convention in Billings. competing they went went to to various various workshops workshopspresented presentedby bypast paststate stateofďŹ cers ofďŹ cersand andeven evennational nationalofďŹ cers. ofďŹ cers. competing they Three of our younger members, Elise Strommen, Chaykota Christensen and Halle Beil Three of our younger members, Elise Strommen, Chaykota Christensen and Halle Beil served on the courtesy corp and helped out with contests whenever needed. Our five seserved on the courtesy corp and helped out with contests whenever needed. Our five seThe Lukas Johnson, Brett Johnson, Dallas Capdeville, Kyle Albus and Wyatt PattiTheState State(Future (FutureFarmers FarmersofofAmerican) American)FFA FFAConvention Conventionwas washeld held in in Billings Billings on on March March 25 25 -- 28. 28. niors, niors, Lukas Johnson, Brett Johnson, Dallas Capdeville, Kyle Albus and Wyatt PattiOver were awarded awarded their their State State Farmer Farmer Degrees Degrees at at the the State State Degree Degree dinner dinner on on Friday Fridaynight. night. Over1,500 1,500FFA FFAmembers membersfrom fromaround aroundthe thestate stategathered gathered to to compete compete in in State State CDEs, CDEs, ranging ranging from from son son were mechanics to public speaking. There were over 500 members, advisors and their families attending that dinner. Mickayla Johnson mechanics to public speaking. There were over 500 members, advisors and their families attending that dinner. Mickayla Johnson Ten for star star greenhand greenhand and and received receivedsecond secondplace. place.She Shealso alsocompeted competedwith withother othercreed creedspeakers speakers Tenmembers membersofofthe theHinsdale Hinsdalechapter, chapter,including includingSophomore SophomoreCache CacheYounkin, Younkin,competed competed in in mechanmechan- competed competed for ics, around the state and received third. ics,agronomy, agronomy,farm farmbusiness businessmanagement, management,star stargreenhand greenhandand andstate statecreed creedspeaking. speaking.When When they they weren’t weren’t from from around the state and received third. MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH Evelyn Cameron Heritage board chairman Glenda Ueland welcomes guests at an Oct. 21 fundraising gala in MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH The historic Kempton Hotel in downtown Terry is a hidden treasure. Not many rooms, so book early, but if Terry. See the FULL STORY on Page 10. there's a more charming place to spend a night in the area, we couldn't find it. Ask for Russ!

Lukas LukasJohnson, Johnson,Brett BrettJohnson, Johnson,Dallas DallasCapdeville, Capdeville,Kyle KyleAlbus, Albus,Wyatt WyattPattison Pattisonand andAdvisor Advisor Patti Patti Armbrister Armbrister at at the state convenstion in Billings. the state convenstion in Billings. WYATT WYATTPATTISON PATTISON HINSDALE HINSDALECHAPTER CHAPTERREPORTER REPORTER

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Treasuring Beauty in the Terry Badlands - Page 10

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capeair.com capeair.com 800-CAPE-AIR capeair.com 800-CAPE-AIR 800-CAPE-AIR *Fares subjecttoto availability and other conditions. notice, and are not guaranteed until ticketed. *Fares aresubject toavailability availabilityand andother otherconditions. conditions.Fares Faresmay maychange changewithout without notice, and are not guaranteed until ticketed. *Fares are may change without notice, and are not guaranteed until ticketed.

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Lih-An Yang, Merlin, Iris and Ellis Ellis McKean McKean work workon onclearing clearingout outaabeaver beaverdam damalong alongthe theLittle LittleBrazil BrazilCreek, Creek, MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH southwest of Glasgow. According to Evelyn Cameron Heritage treasurer Tricia Harding, almost 100 guests attended the gala at the organization's recently remodeled space, making the event a resounding success.

YOU’REREADING READINGHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM & RANCH – THE AG MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH YOU’RE NORTH CENTRAL CENTRALMONTANA MONTANA

Photos by Mary Kate Teske

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Early Photographer Called Terry Home

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Born in 1868 to a wealthy family in Streatham, England, Evelyn Cameron ventured forth from the life she was accustomed and settled in Terry, Mont. She and her husband Ewen homesteaded on the prairie, making their home at four different locations during the thirty years they resided there. Evelyn documented her daily activities by keeping journals, as well as photographing everything that surrounded her. Her photographs depict the vast array of characters, wildlife and scenery common to the badlands and Eastern Montana. Although her camera equipment weighed approximately ten pounds, it was usually carted on Evelyn’s back in a satchel as she hauled it to each shoot. Evelyn worked for hire for families in the area that wanted to record different events,

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MARY KATE TESKE FOR FARM & RANCH

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which led her, on most occasions, to riding horseback for a length of 50 miles or more through all types of weather. In the more remote areas, Evelyn was also known to hike to many of the locations she captured. Ewen’s naturalistic inuence can also be seen in Evelyn’s photography through the images of the many animals they nurtured throughout their lives. They had two wolves, kept many birds and horses, as well as other creatures. Aside from documenting her life as an early pioneer, she maintained her and Ewen’s ranch, which kept her hard at work with daily chores. She embodied the spirit of many pioneer woman and sacriďŹ ced comfort for hard work. When Evelyn died in 1928, she left an archive of thousands of photographs and 35 journals. Her documentation allows anyone willing to look at her work a view into a life being lived on the early frontier.

MONA DOEBLER / FOR FARM & RANCH

Hinsdale photographer Mona Doebler took this striking image north of Hinsdale, Mont.

The Month in Weather BRANDON BIGELBACH FOR FARM & RANCH The weather for October across the region was much akin to being on a roller coaster. Pleasant weather quickly degraded to cold and wet conditions, with the ďŹ rst measurable snowfall of the year occurring early in the month and periodically thereafter with the passage of subsequent strong cold fronts. For the month of October, about half of the month saw maximum wind speeds above 25 mph. Oct. 17, 22 and 25 all saw the greatest sustained winds at 44 mph, with each day recording 57, 58 and 54 mph wind gusts, respectively. These were the greatest wind gusts for the month. As of press time, per the National Weather Service in Glasgow, the highest observed temperature for the month was 81 degrees on Oct. 19, and the lowest was 22 degrees on Oct. 9. The total liquid precipitation reported at Glasgow was 0.88â€?, which was approximately 0.2â€? above normal. For the month,

0.7â€? of snowfall was also reported. Over a 24-hour period, the greatest precipitation total was 0.32â€?, which occurred on Oct. 1. The overall mean temperature for the month was approximately 47 degrees, which was approximately 1 degree above normal. The latest U.S. Drought Monitor was released on Oct. 26.While the state overall is still feeling the effects of the drought, some small improvements have been noted since last month. Still, over 83 percent of the state was classiďŹ ed as being at least Abnormally Dry, with over 73 percent of the state reporting moderate drought or worse conditions. For the northeast part of the state, the best news is that there are no more areas of Exceptional Drought, the worst drought category. However, most of the western half of the region is still under Extreme Drought conditions, with a vast majority of the region still in Severe Drought conditions. Parts of Prairie, Dawson, Wibaux and Richland counties have been downgraded to Moderate Drought conditions.

YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH THE AG MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA

MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

The Kempton Hotel, built in 1902, has the perfect combination of modern amenities and history. To check availability, visit kemptonhotel.net or call 406-635-5543.

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Helena-based author Lorna Milne's book on photographer Evelyn Cameron is available for sale in Terry and elsewhere, or by visiting lornamilne.com.

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A Trip to Terry: Evelyn Cameron, Historic Lodging JAMES WALLING FOR FARM & RANCH There's a lot of support for ďŹ ne art photography amid the scenery and solitude of southeastern Montana. The work of the late Evelyn Cameron was the focal point at a gala fundraiser on Oct. 21 in Terry, Mont. Attendees travelled from far and wide to show their support for remodeling efforts organized by members of the Evelyn Cameron Heritage board of directors. Beginning in late 2010, members of the board began substantive remodeling efforts, transforming the former theater space at 212 Laundre Ave. in Terry into a cultural showpiece for the community and the region. Along with beautifully reďŹ nished hardwood and high ceilings, the Cameron Heritage building has begun to serve as both a community center of sorts, and a launchpad for artistic and creative efforts generally. Naturally, there is a strong presence from the titular photographer herself. When I walked through the doors to investigate, it occurred to me that I might as well be in Billings or Helena (or Brooklyn, for that matter), and there were indeed representatives of both communities present at the gala festivities. Food was served, a silent auction was held, and board members and volunteers mingled with

regional political ďŹ gures (at least one, in the state’s commissioner of political practices, Jonathan Motl), as well as authors and artists drawn to both the space and Cameron's extraordinary body of work. Remodelling efforts aren't quite complete - a few touches remain to the building's kitchen area - but plans are already under way for a greenspace outside featuring exposed brick, benches, and other touches. There is also a Christmas craft fair planned for the second week in November (through Thanksgiving). Anyone interested in sponsoring ongoing development at the space or joining in the craft fair should contact Sheri Robertson at 406-853-2087. Many visitors to the area are familiar with its natural beauty and accessibility. Day trips and hikes abound, but the best way to tour the area is deďŹ nitely with a local. Ask around, as people are friendly. On my way into town, I visited the historic Kempton Hotel, which, apart from being built at the beginning of the 20th century, boasts comfortable rooms and modern amenities. If it hadn't been booked full with hunters, I would have stayed the weekend. For more information about the Evelyn Cameron Heritage building, visit evelyncameron.org or call 406-635-4966.

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ELIZABETH SHIPSTEAD FOR FARM & RANCH

ing to ourselves and others. That doesn’t mean you have to unload your whole life story on an unsuspecting stranger, but let’s say something, anything except â€œďŹ ne.â€? “Tired,â€? “busy,â€? “excited,â€? “getting by,â€? “putting one foot in front of the other,â€? whatever it is, let’s be creative and honest with each other! Let’s commit to connect in a real way. Give a hug, look each other in the eyes, follow up and connect a second time, even with just a “I was thinking of you.â€? To do this, it requires both parties to be vulnerable. Vulnerability is something we do not do well in our society. I love this quote by BrenĂŠ Brown: “Vulnerability sounds like truth and feels like courage. Truth and courage aren’t always comfortable, but they are never weakness.â€? Commit with me in refusing to accept “fine.â€? Step up, ask the hard questions, connect in a real way, and be willing to be vulnerable.

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The badlands and wilderness study areas around Terry in Prairie County invite exploration. This two-track route is one of many accessible within minutes of downtown.

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Rural Sisterhood: Commit to Connecting Fine is not ok! Last month I found out that a couple that I grew up with passed away. They ďŹ gure it was a homicide/suicide. Two amazing people, thoroughly involved in their community, close to family and extended family, involved in their church, were gone. The community was shocked and rocked by this. No one realized that there were any “problems.â€? It really made me think about the relationships that I have, no matter how close or acquaintance-like. I also started thinking about how many times I walk past someone and say, “Hey! How’s it going?â€? And they respond, “Fine. How are you?" And then I respond, “Oh I’m ďŹ ne.â€? Both of us knowing we may or may not be okay. We need to stop responding with â€œďŹ neâ€? and accepting â€œďŹ neâ€? as a response. Rarely, is everything â€œďŹ neâ€? in our lives. Thus, we are ly-

MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

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MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

Formerly of Glasgow, Mont., Terry photographer Stephanie Eayrs shows off her contribution to the items available for silent auction at the Oct. 21 fundraiser.

MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

Jonathan Motl (l) and Ann Wilsack (r) came from Helena to attend the Oct. 21 gala at the Evelyn Cameron Heritage Trust building in Terry. The pair are pictured perusing photos taken by the organization's namesake.

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Heat and drought could be new normal, experts say Paul Dragu pdragu@havredailynews.com The dry and hot 2017 weather, compounded by fires in some areas, has been rough on north-central Montana’s agriculture producers. The Havre-north-central region received 3.18 inches of precipitation from March to September, the National Weather Service reports. The region saw 14.83 inches of precipitation during that same period in 2016. This year has been like nothing he has ever seen in his nearly 30 years at FSA, Executive Director of the Hill County FSA Office Les Rispens said. “It was a strange weather year. I don’t know that I’ve seen such a combination,” Rispens said, referring to the drought and fire-plagued year. Unlike in 2016, when winter wheat low yield was caused by the destructive wheat streak mosaic virus, this year’s low yields were the result of drought. Spring crops — spring wheat, lentils, barley, chickpeas — yields were below average because of the lack of rainfall. “It wasn’t a great crop. It was just a crop,” Rispens said. Livestock production, too, was hit hard. Some ranchers, Rispens said, ran out of water as ponds and other water sources ran dry. Thanks to drought and the East Fork Fire, ranchers were left with a lot to desire in the way of grazing. The good news, Rispens said, was that only 20 cattle were lost in the fire, a low number given how large the fire was and how many cattle were moved around to avoid it.

Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt Low water levels expose dirt and rock in Beaver Creek Reservoir in July.

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November 2017

Hoppers: Made in different sizes as needed

Water

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with pumping and drilling water and running irrigation pivots. Reed said he needs Maxwell’s expertise with irrigation to tie in with Reed’s computer code that runs the pivots. Reed uses a sensor produced by a tech company c a l l e d A r a b l e. A r a b l e makes a sensor that measures rainfall by sound. The sensor can compute rainfall based on the sound of the raindrops hitting the sensor and the size of the drops. Reed has written code for the irrigation system’s control box that will turn on the pump and pivot when needed. Computers — through a n ew t e c h n o l o g y c a l l e d “machine learning” are more accurate than h u m a n s, Re e d s a i d. Machine learning can aggregate data better than people can, and with enough data, can predict future outcomes. Machine learning is the basis of self-driving cars and other tasks that can become more and more

expressed interest, as well. B oy u m s a i d t h e hopper bottoms can be built to fit grain bins of any size, but t h ey s p e c i a l i z e i n building bottoms that are 18, 21 or 24 feet in diameter. The height of the bottoms vary but are about 10 feet tall. The company also has produced a hopper bottom that can be split.

Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt One of the grain hoppers produced at That Guy's Fab Shop stands in the shop west of Havre.

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automated in the future. Reed envisions that as sensors become more available and less expensive, more ranchers will be interested in the technology. With his tech background and forward thinking, Reed foresees that “Big Data,” which has led the revolution for companies like Amazon.com and Google, will allow more and more jobs in both agriculture and other fields to become more data-driven and automated. “Big Ag” is already highly automated, Reed pointed out. Reed predicts that with more data accumulated, it will be possible to more accurately manage farming and make more precise p re d i c t i o n s a b o u t , fo r example, how much water is optimal and the best time to cut alfalfa. He also predicts that any naysayers could find themselves out of business. “Look at the people who said Amazon would never amount to anything,” Reed noted wryly.

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Man using technology to improve water usage in farming By LIZ KEARNEY The Livingston Enterprise LIVINGSTON (AP) — Paradise Valley, meet Silicon Valley. Jeff Reed has made his living in technology including serving as chief technology officer of Arrow Electronics, a company that makes many of the electronics that run our various gadgets and devices. Recently, he has turned his tech skills to what was once a relatively simple farmer’s life — growing organic alfalfa on his property along the Yellowstone River. After the unprecedented closure of the Yellowstone River last year due to a parasite that killed thousands of fish, Reed turned his tech mind to irrigating his fields — from water rights he holds on the Yellowstone River — more efficiently, with the goal of leaving more water in the river. “I’m working on the water primarily in response to what’s happening with our fish species,” Reed said. He installed high-tech sensors to monitor a variety of data, including — but not limited to — rainfall and the moisture content of the soil, which, when tied in with his pump and irrigation system, allowed him to water only as needed, rather than turning his pivots on and allowing the water to flow all season. “We can predict how much water is being lost from the plant and soil, and how much is coming in,” Reed said, “so we can shut that pivot on and off.” With this year’s relatively wet spring

and early summer, Reed used 30 percent less water than last year and consequently less energy, since his water has to be pumped uphill from the Yellowstone. He predicts technology may eventually allow up to a 50 percent greater efficiency in water usage. Working with Ford Smith, who operates an organic lawn care company out of Bozeman, Reed is also studying his soil. He hopes to be able to increase the nutrients in the soil and thus increase the nutrients in his alfalfa. “If I can double the nutritional value, it’s like doubling the amount of my land” Reed said. “And land’s expensive.” He produces his alfalfa through organic farming methods. “It’s not just organic,” Reed said. “It’s really about soil research. If you take care of the soil, it will take care of the plants, and your plants will take care of your animals.” Reed was inspired to work on more efficient irrigation after last year’s fish kill and subsequent closure of the Yellowstone River. A parasite was found to be responsible for the fish kill. Researchers suggested that low water flows on the river along with the accompanying higher water temperatures may have weakened fish, making them more susceptible to the parasite. “I wanted to try to be the good citizen and did the math on how much water I’m consuming out of the Yellowstone River if

Nate Howard /Livingston Enterprise via AP Jeff Reed holds a wireless rain sensor, which helps reduce his draw of water from the Yellowstone River, Sept. 19. Reed makes use of the latest technology to reduce water use and improve soil quality on his land in Paradise Valley. I’m running at full draw,” Reed said. “… It’s not just about getting efficient with water, but helping our tourism-based economy so we don’t have (more) fish kills.” Reed is also in the tourism business,

operating his Reedfly Farm luxury guest l o d g e a s, u n t i l r e c e n t l y k n ow n a s Riversbend Lodge. Reed works with Bozeman-based Bill Maxwell, of Diamond M Drilling, who works

FARM & RANCH

www.havredailynews.com Some relief did arrive for ranchers when grazing was authorized beginning July 16 on CRP acres. Forty-two Hill County livestock producers took advantage of that, Rispens said. The silver lining to this year’s late moisture — which started with three days of rain in mid-September and peaked with record-setting snow at the beginning of October — is the good it’ll do next year, Northern Agricultural Research Center Superintendent Darrin Boss said. “If it can be absorbed into the soil instead of running off, it’s going to be recharged because plants and things like that are going into a dormant period, so they have that ability to make that moisture available for next year,” Boss said. The late season precipitation, more hot summer days and drought — as there was this year — is projected to be the “new normal,” according to agroecologist Bruce Maxwell. Maxwell is the co-director of the Institute of Ecosystem at Montana State University and a contributor to the extensive “2017 Montana Climate Assessment.” Annual average temperatures — including daily minimums, maximums and averages — have risen by 2 to 3 degrees Fahrenheit across

Montana between 1950 and 2015, the “Montana Climate Assessment” says. “By mid-century, Montana temperatures are projected to increase by approximately 4.5 to 6 degrees depending on the emission scenario. By the end-of-century, Montana temperatures are projected to increase 5.6 to 9.8 degrees depending on the emission scenario,” the assessment says, adding the statelevel changes are larger than the average changes projected globally and nationally. The winter precipitation average has decreased by .9 inches, largely attributed to an increase in El Niño events, especially in the western and central parts of the state. A 1.3- to 2-inch increase in spring precipitation also occurred during this period for the eastern part of the state. Moisture is projected to increase in winter, spring and fall and decrease in summer across the state. The largest increases are expected to happen during spring in the southern part of the state. The largest decreases are expected to happen during summer in the central and southern parts of the state.

■ See New normal Page 6 Havre Daily News/Pam Burke Grass stands scorched by the summer heat in Hill County.

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■ Continued from page 5 The projected change in climate will affect Montana’s water resources and agricultural sector. Rising temperatures will reduce snowpack, shift historical patterns of streamflow and likely put more stress on Montana’s water supply during summer and early fall. Montana’s snowpack has declined since the 1930s in mountains west and east of the Continental Divide. The decline has been most prominent since the 1980s, the report says. Warming temperatures over the next century, especially during spring, are likely to reduce snowpack at mid and low elevations. Earlier onset of snowmelt and spring runoff will reduce late-summer water availability in snowmelt-dominated watersheds. Groundwater demand will likely increase as elevated temperatures and changing seasonal availability of traditional surface-water sources — dry stock water ponds or inability of canal systems to deliver water in a timely manner — will force water users to look for other sources Rising temperatures will worsen drought periods, the assessment says. Rising temperatures will likely intensify droughts when and where they happen. Changes in snowpack and runoff timing will likely increase the frequency and duration of drought during late summer and early fall. Montana’s agricultural industry generated more than $5.2 billion in 2014 through the sale of agricultural commodities. Agriculture

will feel the impact of the changing climate. The assessment, however, reports that gauging the effect climate change will have on agriculture faces “multiple layers of uncertainty,” including uncertainty that accompanies all climate projections, is specific to agricultural projections and is created by human interventions that can mask a direct climate impact signal. Decreasing mountain snowpack will continue to lead to decreased streamflow and less reliable irrigation during the late growing season. Reduced irrigation capacity will have the greatest impact on hay, sugarbeet, malt barley, market garden and potato production. Higher temperatures will allow winter annual weeds, such as cheat grass, to increase in winter wheat cropland and rangeland. This will cause lower crop yields and forage productivity as well as more wildfires. Farmers will adapt to the climate change with diversified cropping systems, including rotation with pulse crops and innovations in tillage and cover-cropping. Projected temperature and precipitation increases may benefit some ag producers in the short-term, “but the effects of warming will become increasingly disruptive as they accelerate beyond adaptation thresholds,” the assessment says. More frost-free days and longer growing seasons will potentially allow for greater crop diversity. But more 90-plus-degree days will increase evaporation and water demand

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A company making new grain bin hoppers is inviting people to come in and see what the company is doing. That Guy’s Fab Shop is holding an open house and luncheon Wednesday, Nov. 8, at its facility in Torgerson’s buildings at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 and U.S. Highway 87 west of Havre Bruce Boyum, one of the shop’s owners, said a lunch will be served from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, and tours of the shop facilities will be given. Visitors, he said, will get the chance to see assembled models of the hopper bottoms and see the shop’s equipment. Boyum said they opened That Guy’s Fab Shop June 1. The hoppers make it easier to work with crops in the bins. Boyum said that the quality of grain and other pulse crops such as chick peas can be easily hurt through auguring and the hopper bottom removes the need for farmers to auger. Boyum said the company has sold about 25 hoppers so far, mainly serving the Golden Triangle, but he added people from Iowa, Washington and South Dakota have

for most crops, limit grain development from pollination to seed and raise heat stress on livestock. Projected increases in winter temperature and spring precipitation are likely to increase current crop diseases and pests.

For example, increased planting of winter wheat will be accompanied by increased crop pests, such as wheat stem sawfly, and the natural regulation of this pest by native parasites will likely decline.

7

That Guy’s Fab Shop holding hopper open house

Alex Ross pdragu@havredailynews.com

Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt A smokey haze from fires in the region covers the Bear Paw Mountains July 31 as the level of water in Beaver Creek Reservoir sits some 10 feet below a boat dock.

November 2017

■ See Hoppers Page 9 Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt That Guy’s Fab Shop co-owner Bruce Boyum talks in the shop about how the company is building a new type of grain elevator hopper that will help protect grain and other crops from damage and spoilage. The shop is holding an open house and luncheon, including tours of the facilities, Wednesday, Nov. 8.

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www.havredailynews.com FARM & RANCH New normal: Less mountain snowpack means decreased streamflow and irrigation

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November 2017

■ Continued from page 5 The projected change in climate will affect Montana’s water resources and agricultural sector. Rising temperatures will reduce snowpack, shift historical patterns of streamflow and likely put more stress on Montana’s water supply during summer and early fall. Montana’s snowpack has declined since the 1930s in mountains west and east of the Continental Divide. The decline has been most prominent since the 1980s, the report says. Warming temperatures over the next century, especially during spring, are likely to reduce snowpack at mid and low elevations. Earlier onset of snowmelt and spring runoff will reduce late-summer water availability in snowmelt-dominated watersheds. Groundwater demand will likely increase as elevated temperatures and changing seasonal availability of traditional surface-water sources — dry stock water ponds or inability of canal systems to deliver water in a timely manner — will force water users to look for other sources Rising temperatures will worsen drought periods, the assessment says. Rising temperatures will likely intensify droughts when and where they happen. Changes in snowpack and runoff timing will likely increase the frequency and duration of drought during late summer and early fall. Montana’s agricultural industry generated more than $5.2 billion in 2014 through the sale of agricultural commodities. Agriculture

will feel the impact of the changing climate. The assessment, however, reports that gauging the effect climate change will have on agriculture faces “multiple layers of uncertainty,” including uncertainty that accompanies all climate projections, is specific to agricultural projections and is created by human interventions that can mask a direct climate impact signal. Decreasing mountain snowpack will continue to lead to decreased streamflow and less reliable irrigation during the late growing season. Reduced irrigation capacity will have the greatest impact on hay, sugarbeet, malt barley, market garden and potato production. Higher temperatures will allow winter annual weeds, such as cheat grass, to increase in winter wheat cropland and rangeland. This will cause lower crop yields and forage productivity as well as more wildfires. Farmers will adapt to the climate change with diversified cropping systems, including rotation with pulse crops and innovations in tillage and cover-cropping. Projected temperature and precipitation increases may benefit some ag producers in the short-term, “but the effects of warming will become increasingly disruptive as they accelerate beyond adaptation thresholds,” the assessment says. More frost-free days and longer growing seasons will potentially allow for greater crop diversity. But more 90-plus-degree days will increase evaporation and water demand

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FARM & RANCH

www.havredailynews.com

A company making new grain bin hoppers is inviting people to come in and see what the company is doing. That Guy’s Fab Shop is holding an open house and luncheon Wednesday, Nov. 8, at its facility in Torgerson’s buildings at the junction of U.S. Highway 2 and U.S. Highway 87 west of Havre Bruce Boyum, one of the shop’s owners, said a lunch will be served from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, and tours of the shop facilities will be given. Visitors, he said, will get the chance to see assembled models of the hopper bottoms and see the shop’s equipment. Boyum said they opened That Guy’s Fab Shop June 1. The hoppers make it easier to work with crops in the bins. Boyum said that the quality of grain and other pulse crops such as chick peas can be easily hurt through auguring and the hopper bottom removes the need for farmers to auger. Boyum said the company has sold about 25 hoppers so far, mainly serving the Golden Triangle, but he added people from Iowa, Washington and South Dakota have

for most crops, limit grain development from pollination to seed and raise heat stress on livestock. Projected increases in winter temperature and spring precipitation are likely to increase current crop diseases and pests.

For example, increased planting of winter wheat will be accompanied by increased crop pests, such as wheat stem sawfly, and the natural regulation of this pest by native parasites will likely decline.

7

That Guy’s Fab Shop holding hopper open house

Alex Ross pdragu@havredailynews.com

Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt A smokey haze from fires in the region covers the Bear Paw Mountains July 31 as the level of water in Beaver Creek Reservoir sits some 10 feet below a boat dock.

November 2017

■ See Hoppers Page 9 Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt That Guy’s Fab Shop co-owner Bruce Boyum talks in the shop about how the company is building a new type of grain elevator hopper that will help protect grain and other crops from damage and spoilage. The shop is holding an open house and luncheon, including tours of the facilities, Wednesday, Nov. 8.

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November 2017

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Man using technology to improve water usage in farming By LIZ KEARNEY The Livingston Enterprise LIVINGSTON (AP) — Paradise Valley, meet Silicon Valley. Jeff Reed has made his living in technology including serving as chief technology officer of Arrow Electronics, a company that makes many of the electronics that run our various gadgets and devices. Recently, he has turned his tech skills to what was once a relatively simple farmer’s life — growing organic alfalfa on his property along the Yellowstone River. After the unprecedented closure of the Yellowstone River last year due to a parasite that killed thousands of fish, Reed turned his tech mind to irrigating his fields — from water rights he holds on the Yellowstone River — more efficiently, with the goal of leaving more water in the river. “I’m working on the water primarily in response to what’s happening with our fish species,” Reed said. He installed high-tech sensors to monitor a variety of data, including — but not limited to — rainfall and the moisture content of the soil, which, when tied in with his pump and irrigation system, allowed him to water only as needed, rather than turning his pivots on and allowing the water to flow all season. “We can predict how much water is being lost from the plant and soil, and how much is coming in,” Reed said, “so we can shut that pivot on and off.” With this year’s relatively wet spring

and early summer, Reed used 30 percent less water than last year and consequently less energy, since his water has to be pumped uphill from the Yellowstone. He predicts technology may eventually allow up to a 50 percent greater efficiency in water usage. Working with Ford Smith, who operates an organic lawn care company out of Bozeman, Reed is also studying his soil. He hopes to be able to increase the nutrients in the soil and thus increase the nutrients in his alfalfa. “If I can double the nutritional value, it’s like doubling the amount of my land” Reed said. “And land’s expensive.” He produces his alfalfa through organic farming methods. “It’s not just organic,” Reed said. “It’s really about soil research. If you take care of the soil, it will take care of the plants, and your plants will take care of your animals.” Reed was inspired to work on more efficient irrigation after last year’s fish kill and subsequent closure of the Yellowstone River. A parasite was found to be responsible for the fish kill. Researchers suggested that low water flows on the river along with the accompanying higher water temperatures may have weakened fish, making them more susceptible to the parasite. “I wanted to try to be the good citizen and did the math on how much water I’m consuming out of the Yellowstone River if

Nate Howard /Livingston Enterprise via AP Jeff Reed holds a wireless rain sensor, which helps reduce his draw of water from the Yellowstone River, Sept. 19. Reed makes use of the latest technology to reduce water use and improve soil quality on his land in Paradise Valley. I’m running at full draw,” Reed said. “… It’s not just about getting efficient with water, but helping our tourism-based economy so we don’t have (more) fish kills.” Reed is also in the tourism business,

operating his Reedfly Farm luxury guest l o d g e a s, u n t i l r e c e n t l y k n ow n a s Riversbend Lodge. Reed works with Bozeman-based Bill Maxwell, of Diamond M Drilling, who works

FARM & RANCH

www.havredailynews.com Some relief did arrive for ranchers when grazing was authorized beginning July 16 on CRP acres. Forty-two Hill County livestock producers took advantage of that, Rispens said. The silver lining to this year’s late moisture — which started with three days of rain in mid-September and peaked with record-setting snow at the beginning of October — is the good it’ll do next year, Northern Agricultural Research Center Superintendent Darrin Boss said. “If it can be absorbed into the soil instead of running off, it’s going to be recharged because plants and things like that are going into a dormant period, so they have that ability to make that moisture available for next year,” Boss said. The late season precipitation, more hot summer days and drought — as there was this year — is projected to be the “new normal,” according to agroecologist Bruce Maxwell. Maxwell is the co-director of the Institute of Ecosystem at Montana State University and a contributor to the extensive “2017 Montana Climate Assessment.” Annual average temperatures — including daily minimums, maximums and averages — have risen by 2 to 3 degrees Fahrenheit across

Montana between 1950 and 2015, the “Montana Climate Assessment” says. “By mid-century, Montana temperatures are projected to increase by approximately 4.5 to 6 degrees depending on the emission scenario. By the end-of-century, Montana temperatures are projected to increase 5.6 to 9.8 degrees depending on the emission scenario,” the assessment says, adding the statelevel changes are larger than the average changes projected globally and nationally. The winter precipitation average has decreased by .9 inches, largely attributed to an increase in El Niño events, especially in the western and central parts of the state. A 1.3- to 2-inch increase in spring precipitation also occurred during this period for the eastern part of the state. Moisture is projected to increase in winter, spring and fall and decrease in summer across the state. The largest increases are expected to happen during spring in the southern part of the state. The largest decreases are expected to happen during summer in the central and southern parts of the state.

■ See New normal Page 6 Havre Daily News/Pam Burke Grass stands scorched by the summer heat in Hill County.

November 2017

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Heat and drought could be new normal, experts say Paul Dragu pdragu@havredailynews.com The dry and hot 2017 weather, compounded by fires in some areas, has been rough on north-central Montana’s agriculture producers. The Havre-north-central region received 3.18 inches of precipitation from March to September, the National Weather Service reports. The region saw 14.83 inches of precipitation during that same period in 2016. This year has been like nothing he has ever seen in his nearly 30 years at FSA, Executive Director of the Hill County FSA Office Les Rispens said. “It was a strange weather year. I don’t know that I’ve seen such a combination,” Rispens said, referring to the drought and fire-plagued year. Unlike in 2016, when winter wheat low yield was caused by the destructive wheat streak mosaic virus, this year’s low yields were the result of drought. Spring crops — spring wheat, lentils, barley, chickpeas — yields were below average because of the lack of rainfall. “It wasn’t a great crop. It was just a crop,” Rispens said. Livestock production, too, was hit hard. Some ranchers, Rispens said, ran out of water as ponds and other water sources ran dry. Thanks to drought and the East Fork Fire, ranchers were left with a lot to desire in the way of grazing. The good news, Rispens said, was that only 20 cattle were lost in the fire, a low number given how large the fire was and how many cattle were moved around to avoid it.

Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt Low water levels expose dirt and rock in Beaver Creek Reservoir in July.

www.havredailynews.com

FARM & RANCH

November 2017

Hoppers: Made in different sizes as needed

Water

n Continued from page 7

with pumping and drilling water and running irrigation pivots. Reed said he needs Maxwell’s expertise with irrigation to tie in with Reed’s computer code that runs the pivots. Reed uses a sensor produced by a tech company c a l l e d A r a b l e. A r a b l e makes a sensor that measures rainfall by sound. The sensor can compute rainfall based on the sound of the raindrops hitting the sensor and the size of the drops. Reed has written code for the irrigation system’s control box that will turn on the pump and pivot when needed. Computers — through a n ew t e c h n o l o g y c a l l e d “machine learning” are more accurate than h u m a n s, Re e d s a i d. Machine learning can aggregate data better than people can, and with enough data, can predict future outcomes. Machine learning is the basis of self-driving cars and other tasks that can become more and more

expressed interest, as well. B oy u m s a i d t h e hopper bottoms can be built to fit grain bins of any size, but t h ey s p e c i a l i z e i n building bottoms that are 18, 21 or 24 feet in diameter. The height of the bottoms vary but are about 10 feet tall. The company also has produced a hopper bottom that can be split.

Havre Daily News/Floyd Brandt One of the grain hoppers produced at That Guy's Fab Shop stands in the shop west of Havre.

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automated in the future. Reed envisions that as sensors become more available and less expensive, more ranchers will be interested in the technology. With his tech background and forward thinking, Reed foresees that “Big Data,” which has led the revolution for companies like Amazon.com and Google, will allow more and more jobs in both agriculture and other fields to become more data-driven and automated. “Big Ag” is already highly automated, Reed pointed out. Reed predicts that with more data accumulated, it will be possible to more accurately manage farming and make more precise p re d i c t i o n s a b o u t , fo r example, how much water is optimal and the best time to cut alfalfa. He also predicts that any naysayers could find themselves out of business. “Look at the people who said Amazon would never amount to anything,” Reed noted wryly.

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A Trip to Terry: Evelyn Cameron, Historic Lodging JAMES WALLING FOR FARM & RANCH There's a lot of support for ďŹ ne art photography amid the scenery and solitude of southeastern Montana. The work of the late Evelyn Cameron was the focal point at a gala fundraiser on Oct. 21 in Terry, Mont. Attendees travelled from far and wide to show their support for remodeling efforts organized by members of the Evelyn Cameron Heritage board of directors. Beginning in late 2010, members of the board began substantive remodeling efforts, transforming the former theater space at 212 Laundre Ave. in Terry into a cultural showpiece for the community and the region. Along with beautifully reďŹ nished hardwood and high ceilings, the Cameron Heritage building has begun to serve as both a community center of sorts, and a launchpad for artistic and creative efforts generally. Naturally, there is a strong presence from the titular photographer herself. When I walked through the doors to investigate, it occurred to me that I might as well be in Billings or Helena (or Brooklyn, for that matter), and there were indeed representatives of both communities present at the gala festivities. Food was served, a silent auction was held, and board members and volunteers mingled with

regional political ďŹ gures (at least one, in the state’s commissioner of political practices, Jonathan Motl), as well as authors and artists drawn to both the space and Cameron's extraordinary body of work. Remodelling efforts aren't quite complete - a few touches remain to the building's kitchen area - but plans are already under way for a greenspace outside featuring exposed brick, benches, and other touches. There is also a Christmas craft fair planned for the second week in November (through Thanksgiving). Anyone interested in sponsoring ongoing development at the space or joining in the craft fair should contact Sheri Robertson at 406-853-2087. Many visitors to the area are familiar with its natural beauty and accessibility. Day trips and hikes abound, but the best way to tour the area is deďŹ nitely with a local. Ask around, as people are friendly. On my way into town, I visited the historic Kempton Hotel, which, apart from being built at the beginning of the 20th century, boasts comfortable rooms and modern amenities. If it hadn't been booked full with hunters, I would have stayed the weekend. For more information about the Evelyn Cameron Heritage building, visit evelyncameron.org or call 406-635-4966.

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FARM FARM & &RANCH RANCH

ELIZABETH SHIPSTEAD FOR FARM & RANCH

ing to ourselves and others. That doesn’t mean you have to unload your whole life story on an unsuspecting stranger, but let’s say something, anything except â€œďŹ ne.â€? “Tired,â€? “busy,â€? “excited,â€? “getting by,â€? “putting one foot in front of the other,â€? whatever it is, let’s be creative and honest with each other! Let’s commit to connect in a real way. Give a hug, look each other in the eyes, follow up and connect a second time, even with just a “I was thinking of you.â€? To do this, it requires both parties to be vulnerable. Vulnerability is something we do not do well in our society. I love this quote by BrenĂŠ Brown: “Vulnerability sounds like truth and feels like courage. Truth and courage aren’t always comfortable, but they are never weakness.â€? Commit with me in refusing to accept “fine.â€? Step up, ask the hard questions, connect in a real way, and be willing to be vulnerable.

Cathryn Reitler, Fine Artist

The badlands and wilderness study areas around Terry in Prairie County invite exploration. This two-track route is one of many accessible within minutes of downtown.

What do “low cost� ag suppliers

Rural Sisterhood: Commit to Connecting Fine is not ok! Last month I found out that a couple that I grew up with passed away. They ďŹ gure it was a homicide/suicide. Two amazing people, thoroughly involved in their community, close to family and extended family, involved in their church, were gone. The community was shocked and rocked by this. No one realized that there were any “problems.â€? It really made me think about the relationships that I have, no matter how close or acquaintance-like. I also started thinking about how many times I walk past someone and say, “Hey! How’s it going?â€? And they respond, “Fine. How are you?" And then I respond, “Oh I’m ďŹ ne.â€? Both of us knowing we may or may not be okay. We need to stop responding with â€œďŹ neâ€? and accepting â€œďŹ neâ€? as a response. Rarely, is everything â€œďŹ neâ€? in our lives. Thus, we are ly-

MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

www.glasgowcourier.com November 2017 3

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Formerly of Glasgow, Mont., Terry photographer Stephanie Eayrs shows off her contribution to the items available for silent auction at the Oct. 21 fundraiser.

MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

Jonathan Motl (l) and Ann Wilsack (r) came from Helena to attend the Oct. 21 gala at the Evelyn Cameron Heritage Trust building in Terry. The pair are pictured perusing photos taken by the organization's namesake.

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Early Photographer Called Terry Home

Glasgow Stockyards, Inc. Linda & Mark Nielsen, Owners Iva Murch, Manager 263-7529 Dean Barnes, Yard Manager 263-1175 Ed Hinton, Auctioneer 783-7285

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Born in 1868 to a wealthy family in Streatham, England, Evelyn Cameron ventured forth from the life she was accustomed and settled in Terry, Mont. She and her husband Ewen homesteaded on the prairie, making their home at four different locations during the thirty years they resided there. Evelyn documented her daily activities by keeping journals, as well as photographing everything that surrounded her. Her photographs depict the vast array of characters, wildlife and scenery common to the badlands and Eastern Montana. Although her camera equipment weighed approximately ten pounds, it was usually carted on Evelyn’s back in a satchel as she hauled it to each shoot. Evelyn worked for hire for families in the area that wanted to record different events,

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MARY KATE TESKE FOR FARM & RANCH

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November 2017 11 www.glasgowcourier.com

which led her, on most occasions, to riding horseback for a length of 50 miles or more through all types of weather. In the more remote areas, Evelyn was also known to hike to many of the locations she captured. Ewen’s naturalistic inuence can also be seen in Evelyn’s photography through the images of the many animals they nurtured throughout their lives. They had two wolves, kept many birds and horses, as well as other creatures. Aside from documenting her life as an early pioneer, she maintained her and Ewen’s ranch, which kept her hard at work with daily chores. She embodied the spirit of many pioneer woman and sacriďŹ ced comfort for hard work. When Evelyn died in 1928, she left an archive of thousands of photographs and 35 journals. Her documentation allows anyone willing to look at her work a view into a life being lived on the early frontier.

MONA DOEBLER / FOR FARM & RANCH

Hinsdale photographer Mona Doebler took this striking image north of Hinsdale, Mont.

The Month in Weather BRANDON BIGELBACH FOR FARM & RANCH The weather for October across the region was much akin to being on a roller coaster. Pleasant weather quickly degraded to cold and wet conditions, with the ďŹ rst measurable snowfall of the year occurring early in the month and periodically thereafter with the passage of subsequent strong cold fronts. For the month of October, about half of the month saw maximum wind speeds above 25 mph. Oct. 17, 22 and 25 all saw the greatest sustained winds at 44 mph, with each day recording 57, 58 and 54 mph wind gusts, respectively. These were the greatest wind gusts for the month. As of press time, per the National Weather Service in Glasgow, the highest observed temperature for the month was 81 degrees on Oct. 19, and the lowest was 22 degrees on Oct. 9. The total liquid precipitation reported at Glasgow was 0.88â€?, which was approximately 0.2â€? above normal. For the month,

0.7â€? of snowfall was also reported. Over a 24-hour period, the greatest precipitation total was 0.32â€?, which occurred on Oct. 1. The overall mean temperature for the month was approximately 47 degrees, which was approximately 1 degree above normal. The latest U.S. Drought Monitor was released on Oct. 26.While the state overall is still feeling the effects of the drought, some small improvements have been noted since last month. Still, over 83 percent of the state was classiďŹ ed as being at least Abnormally Dry, with over 73 percent of the state reporting moderate drought or worse conditions. For the northeast part of the state, the best news is that there are no more areas of Exceptional Drought, the worst drought category. However, most of the western half of the region is still under Extreme Drought conditions, with a vast majority of the region still in Severe Drought conditions. Parts of Prairie, Dawson, Wibaux and Richland counties have been downgraded to Moderate Drought conditions.

YOU’RE READING HI-LINE FARM & RANCH THE AG MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH CENTRAL MONTANA

MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH

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Helena-based author Lorna Milne's book on photographer Evelyn Cameron is available for sale in Terry and elsewhere, or by visiting lornamilne.com.

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November 12 12March November 2017 12 20152017 May 2015 12 12 March 2015

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State from Around Around the the State State State FFA FFA Conventions Conventions Draws Draws Students Students from

FOR THE HI-LINE FARM & RANCH FOR THE HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

FOR THE HI-LINE FARM & RANCH FOR THE HI-LINE FARM & RANCH

Creed third place place winner winner and and greenhand greenhandsecond secondplace placewinner winnerMickayla MickaylaJohnson Johnsonaccepting acceptingan anaward awardatatthe the Creed third state convention in Billings. state convention in Billings. competing they went went to to various various workshops workshopspresented presentedby bypast paststate stateofďŹ cers ofďŹ cersand andeven evennational nationalofďŹ cers. ofďŹ cers. competing they Three of our younger members, Elise Strommen, Chaykota Christensen and Halle Beil Three of our younger members, Elise Strommen, Chaykota Christensen and Halle Beil served on the courtesy corp and helped out with contests whenever needed. Our five seserved on the courtesy corp and helped out with contests whenever needed. Our five seThe Lukas Johnson, Brett Johnson, Dallas Capdeville, Kyle Albus and Wyatt PattiTheState State(Future (FutureFarmers FarmersofofAmerican) American)FFA FFAConvention Conventionwas washeld held in in Billings Billings on on March March 25 25 -- 28. 28. niors, niors, Lukas Johnson, Brett Johnson, Dallas Capdeville, Kyle Albus and Wyatt PattiOver were awarded awarded their their State State Farmer Farmer Degrees Degrees at at the the State State Degree Degree dinner dinner on on Friday Fridaynight. night. Over1,500 1,500FFA FFAmembers membersfrom fromaround aroundthe thestate stategathered gathered to to compete compete in in State State CDEs, CDEs, ranging ranging from from son son were mechanics to public speaking. There were over 500 members, advisors and their families attending that dinner. Mickayla Johnson mechanics to public speaking. There were over 500 members, advisors and their families attending that dinner. Mickayla Johnson Ten for star star greenhand greenhand and and received receivedsecond secondplace. place.She Shealso alsocompeted competedwith withother othercreed creedspeakers speakers Tenmembers membersofofthe theHinsdale Hinsdalechapter, chapter,including includingSophomore SophomoreCache CacheYounkin, Younkin,competed competed in in mechanmechan- competed competed for ics, around the state and received third. ics,agronomy, agronomy,farm farmbusiness businessmanagement, management,star stargreenhand greenhandand andstate statecreed creedspeaking. speaking.When When they they weren’t weren’t from from around the state and received third. MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH Evelyn Cameron Heritage board chairman Glenda Ueland welcomes guests at an Oct. 21 fundraising gala in MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH The historic Kempton Hotel in downtown Terry is a hidden treasure. Not many rooms, so book early, but if Terry. See the FULL STORY on Page 10. there's a more charming place to spend a night in the area, we couldn't find it. Ask for Russ!

Lukas LukasJohnson, Johnson,Brett BrettJohnson, Johnson,Dallas DallasCapdeville, Capdeville,Kyle KyleAlbus, Albus,Wyatt WyattPattison Pattisonand andAdvisor Advisor Patti Patti Armbrister Armbrister at at the state convenstion in Billings. the state convenstion in Billings. WYATT WYATTPATTISON PATTISON HINSDALE HINSDALECHAPTER CHAPTERREPORTER REPORTER

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Treasuring Beauty in the Terry Badlands - Page 10

Enjoy Enjoythe theride. ride. Enjoy the ride.

capeair.com capeair.com 800-CAPE-AIR capeair.com 800-CAPE-AIR 800-CAPE-AIR *Fares subjecttoto availability and other conditions. notice, and are not guaranteed until ticketed. *Fares aresubject toavailability availabilityand andother otherconditions. conditions.Fares Faresmay maychange changewithout without notice, and are not guaranteed until ticketed. *Fares are may change without notice, and are not guaranteed until ticketed.

ANDREWMCKEAN MCKEAN/ /FOR FORTHE THEHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM&&RANCH RANCH ANDREW

Lih-An Yang, Merlin, Iris and Ellis Ellis McKean McKean work workon onclearing clearingout outaabeaver beaverdam damalong alongthe theLittle LittleBrazil BrazilCreek, Creek, MARY KATE TESKE / FOR FARM & RANCH southwest of Glasgow. According to Evelyn Cameron Heritage treasurer Tricia Harding, almost 100 guests attended the gala at the organization's recently remodeled space, making the event a resounding success.

YOU’REREADING READINGHI-LINE HI-LINEFARM FARM & RANCH – THE AG MONTHLY FOR NORTHEAST & NORTH YOU’RE NORTH CENTRAL CENTRALMONTANA MONTANA

Photos by Mary Kate Teske

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