Hayk Samsonyan. The Officer Elite during the Formation of Syrian Army (1946 1958)

ÐÐ ¶ÆîàõÂÚàõÜܺðÆ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ ²Î²¸ºØƲ ²ðºìºÈ²¶ÆîàõÂÚ²Ü ÆÜêîÆîàõî

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ÐÐ ¶ÆîàõÂÚàõÜܺðÆ ²¼¶²ÚÆÜ ²Î²¸ºØƲ ²ðºìºÈ²¶ÆîàõÂÚ²Ü ÆÜêîÆîàõî غðÒ²ìàð ²ðºìºÈø

VII ä²îØàõÂÚàõÜ ø²Ô²ø²Î²ÜàõÂÚàõÜ ØÞ²ÎàõÚÂ

ºðºì²Ü – 2011

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îå³·ñíáõÙ ¿ ÐÐ ¶²² ²ñ¨»É³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïÇ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç áñáßٳٵ

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¶ñÇ·áñÛ³Ý ê. (ݳ˳·³Ñ), ÐáíѳÝÝÇëÛ³Ý ²., Ô³½³ñÛ³Ý è., Æëϳݹ³ñÛ³Ý ¶., гñáõÃÛáõÝÛ³Ý ²., ö³ß³Û³Ý ².

гٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ` Ü. γñ³Ë³ÝÛ³ÝÇ

ÄáÕáí³ÍáõÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ 2010 Ã. ÑáõÉÇëÇ 28-30 ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ` ÐÐ ¶²² ²ñ¨»É³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝëïÇïáõïáõ٠ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ³ñ¨»É³·»ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý XXXI ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ½»ÏáõóáõÙÝ»ñÁ: Üñ³Ýó Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÁ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝáõÙ »Ý Ø»ñÓ³íáñ, ØÇçÇÝ ¨ лé³íáñ ²ñ¨»ÉùÇ, ÎáíϳëÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ áõ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý áõ Çëɳٳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ÑÇÙݳѳñó»ñÇÝ: ܳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ ³ñ¨»É³·»ïÝ»ñÇ, ѳ۳·»ïÝ»ñÇ, ÙÇç³½·³Ûݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ, µáõÑ»ñÇ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ, ³ëåÇñ³ÝïÝ»ñÇ ¨ ÁÝûñóáÕ É³ÛÝ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:

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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA INSTITUTE OF ORIENTAL STUDIES

NEAR EAST VII HISTORY POLITICS CULTURE YEREVAN – 2011

The book is recommended for publications by the Scientific Council of the Institute of Oriental Studies, National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia

EDITORIAL BOARD S. Grigoryan (Chairwoman), A. Hovhannisyan, R. Ghazaryan, G. Iskandaryan, A. Harutjunyan, A. Pashayan

Computer Design: N. Karakhanyan

The book includes articles presented at the 31st Conference of Young Orientalists (Yerevan, 28-30 July, 2010)

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êÇñdzÛÇ »ñϳñ å³Ûù³ñÝ ³½·³ÛÇÝ µ³Ý³Ï ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ѳٳñ åë³Ïí»ó ѳÕóݳÏáí5: ²Û¹ ųٳݳÏí³ÝÇó ëÏë³Í û·áëïáëÇ 1-Á êÇñdzÛáõÙ ÝßíáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë µ³Ý³ÏÇ ûñ6: êÇñdzÛÇ µ³Ý³ÏÇ Ï³½Ù³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ ëå³Û³Ï³Ý í»ñݳ˳íÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ýϳ˳óáõÙÇó ÙÇÝ㨠º·ÇåïáëÇ Ñ»ï ÙdzíáñÙ³Ý ßñç³ÝÁ µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ÷áÃáñÏáï ¿: 1946 Ã. ³åñÇÉÇ 17-ÇÝ, »ñµ ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ í»ñçÇÝ ½ÇÝíáñÁ Ñ»é³ó³í êÇñdzÛÇ ï³ñ³ÍùÇó« »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÝ»ñ ÑÇÝ· ѳ½³ñ³Ýáó µ³Ý³Ï7£ ¼ÇÝí³Í áõÅ»ñÇ ³Ù»Ý³³ÏïÇí ûÕ³ÏÁ` ëå³Û³Ï³Ý í»ñݳ˳íÁ, å»ï³Ï³Ý ³å³ñ³ïÇ ³Ýµ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ Ù³ëÝ ¿ñ ¨ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³Ý¹»ë ¿ñ ·³ÉÇë ǵñ¨ ѳïáõÏ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ϳéáõÛó, áñÁ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó µ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñ ¿ñ: »å»ï ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏßÇéÝ áõ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý µ³ñÓñ ¿ñ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, µ³Ý³ÏÝ ³í»É³óñ»ó Çñ ¿³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ êÇñdzÛÇ å»ï³Ï³Ý-ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ: ¸ñ³ Ù³ëÇÝ »Ý íϳÛáõÙ 1949-1954 ÃÃ. ÁÝóóùáõÙ êÇñdzÛáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ»Õ³ßñçáõÙÝ»ñÁ` ÐáõëÝÇ ¼³ÇÙÇ, ê³ÙÇ ÐÇݳáõÇÇ ¨ ²¹Çµ ÞÇß³ÏÉÇÇ ·É˳íáñáõÃÛ³Ùµ8: 1948 Ã. ³ñ³µ-Çëñ³Û»É³Ï³Ý å³ï»ñ³½ÙÁ ׳ݳå³ñÑ Ñ³ñûó é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ»Õ³ßñçáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ£ ²Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùµ ´³³ë Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ ³ë»É ¿ ýñ³ÝëdzóÇ Éñ³·ñáÕ ¾ñÇÏ èáõÉáÇÝ, û ä³Õ»ëïÇÝÇ áÕµ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇ Ï³ÛÍ ¿ñ, áñ ÃáõÛÉ ïí»ó ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É ѻճ÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ß³ñÅÇãÁ9: ¶. Æ. ØÇñëÏÇÝ êÇñdzÛáõ٠ϳï³ñí³Í ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ѻճßñçáõÙÝ»ñÁ µÝáõó·ñáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë §É³ïÇݳٻñÇÏÛ³Ý ïÇåǦ10: ²Û¹ ѻճßñçáõÙÝ»ñÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñ ËÙµ³íáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ñ»ÝíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³: êÇñdzÛÇ µ³Ý³ÏÇ ëå³Û³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÁ سÛùÉ ì³Ý ¸áõ½»ÝÁ µ³Å³ÝáõÙ ¿ 4 ¹³ëÇ: ²ÛÝ ëå³Ý»ñÁ, áíù»ñ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý »Ý Ùï»É ÙÇÝ㨠1926 Ã., å³ïϳÝáõÙ »Ý ³é³çÇÝ ¹³ëÇÝ, 1926-1935 ÃÃ. Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ »Ý »ñÏñáñ¹ ¹³ëÁ, 1935-1946 ÃÃ. »ññáñ¹Á ¨ ãáññáñ¹ ë»ñáõݹÁ` 1946 ÃÇó Ñ»ïá11: ¼ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý í³ñųñ³ÝÁ 1921-1932 ÃÃ. ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ñ ¸³Ù³ëÏáëáõÙ, ÇëÏ 1932 Ã. ³ÛÝ ï»Õ³÷áËí»ó ÐáÙë12: êÇñÇ³Ï³Ý µ³Ý³ÏÇ ëå³Û³Ï³Ý í»ñݳ˳íÁ ѳí³ù³·ñí³Í ¿ñ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ µáõñÅáõ³½Ç³ÛÇ ³å³Ñáíí³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇó£ ²é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ ¹³ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ñ µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ëå³Û³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÇÝ, áñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ñ §ÑÇëáõÝ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñáí¦13£ ºÃ» ·»Ý»ñ³ÉÝ»ñÝ áõ ·Ý¹³å»ïÝ»ñÁ ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáóÇ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ï³¹ñ»ñ ¿ÇÝ, ³å³ ÙÇçÇÝ ¨ ó³Íñ ëå³Û³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÁ, áñáÝù ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ÇÝ ëï³-

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HAYK SAMSONYAN (IOS) THE OFFICER ELITE DURING THE FORMATION OF SYRIAN ARMY (1946-1958) The Eastern (Armenian) Legion played a special role on the formation of Syrian army. This Legion was formed in 1916. Later, the Legion was divided into the Armenian Legion and Syrian Legion.

The French established the Special Forces of the Levant to help maintain law and order in the territories of the Levant under their control. The French did not encourage members of the Sunni-Muslim majority to join the armed forces, but set out instead to attract minority groups - Alawis, Druze, Ismailis, Kurds, Circassians, Armenians.

On August 1, 1945, these forces were turned over to the governments of Syria and Lebanon and became their national armies. Ever since, Syrian Arab Republic commemorates Army Day on this date.

In the Syrian officer corps are to be found sons of some of the most distinguished families. For example, the Mardam family of Damascus gave their country a prime minister as well as several officers. Abd al-Rahman Mardam was promoted to the rank of colonel in Zaim’s time. From the important Atasi family of Homs came president of the republic and more than ten officers.

̲ÜಶðàõÂÚàõÜܺð

1. Be'eri E., Army Officers in Arab Politics and Society, Jerusalem, 1969, p.

334.

2. Ïèð-Áóäàãîâà Ý., Ñèðèÿ â áîðüáå çà óïðî÷íåíèå íàöèîíàëüíîé íåçàâèñèìîñòè 1945-1966ãã., Ì., 1978, ñ. 18.

3. ÐáíѳÝÝÇëÛ³Ý Ü©« ê³ñ·ëÛ³Ý Ð©« êÇñÇ³Ý ³ÝϳËáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙÕí³Í å³Ûù³ñáõÙ« º©« 1975« ¿ç 264-268: 4. ÐáíѳÝÝÇëÛ³Ý Ü©« ê³ñ·ëÛ³Ý Ð©, Ýßí. ³ßË., ¿ç 287: 5. ١٩۷ ‫ ﺹ‬،١٩٤٨-١٩٠١ ،‫ ﺍﳉﻠﺪ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ‬،‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳉﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻱ‬،‫ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻃﻼﺱ‬ 6. Zisser E., The Syrian Army: Between the Domestic and the External Fronts, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 5, 1, March, 2001, p. 3.

7. Ìèðñêèé Ã., Òðåòèé ìèð: îáùåñòâî, âëàñòü, àðìèÿ, Ì., 1976, ñ. 78.

8. ١٥۳- ١۰٤ ‫ ﺹ‬،١٩٨٥ ،‫ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‬،١٩٥٨-١٩١٨ ‫ ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺎ‬،‫ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻢ‬ 9. Ìèðñêèé Ã., Àðìèÿ è ïîëèòèêà â ñòðàíàõ Àçèè è Àôðèêè, Ì., 1970, ñ.

97.

10. Ìèðñêèé Ã., Ýßí. ³ßË., ¿ç 100: 11. Van Dusen M., Intra-and Inter-Generational Conflict in the Syrian Army, Johns Hopkins University, 1971, p. 43-50.

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12. Van Dusen M., Ýßí. ³ßË., ¿ç 104: 13. Êó÷èí Â., Ñèðèéñêàÿ Àðàáñêàÿ Ðåñïóáëèêà è åå âîîðóæåííûå ñèëû, Âîåííîå Èçäàòåëüñòâî Ìèíèñòåðñòâî Îáîðîíû ÑÑÑÐ, Ì., 1976, ñ. 81.

14. Soffer G., The Role of the Officer Class in Syrian Politics and Society, Ph.D. diss., 1968, p. 28.

15. Be'eri E., Ýßí. ³ßË., ¿ç 339: 16. Soffer G., Ýßí. ³ßË., ¿ç 29: 17. Seale P., The Struggle for Syria, A Study of Post-War Arab Politics (19451958), London, 1965, p. 245-246.

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