Varunya Jarunyaroj_Portfolio 2017 [C]

VA R U N YA J A R U N YA R O J Architect

.

Environmental Design Specialist

PORTFOLIO 2017

Int r o duc t ion

Academic | Professional Background

Va r u n y a Yo o n J a r u n y a r o j Architect & Environmental Design Specialist MArch in Sustainable Environmental Design (Distinction) 2015-2017 Architectural Association School of Architecture (London, UK) MA in Architecture (Merit) 2012-2013 University of Westminster (London, UK) BArch 2004-2009 Silpakorn University (Bangkok, TH) Ricepopper Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2015 - Present Co-Founder 2013 - 2015 Architect and Board member Project Programming | Clients Relation | Design and Construction Consultation | Architectural Design | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management DRBJZ Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2010 - 2011 Architect Project Programming | Architectural Design | Construction Detailing | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management F.O.S Lighting Design Studio (Bangkok) 2009 - 2010 Junior Lighting Designer Design | Construction Detailing | Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection *Please see full Curriculum Vitae on page 58

i

B ac kgr oun d

2007 - 2017 PROJECT(S) LIST Academic | Environmental Design & Assesment 2017

Rethinking HDB Flat: Applicable Design for Public Housing Singapore

2016

Urban Patch: Sustainable Living @ Diespeker Place

London

2015

Holy Trinity Primary School {Assessment}

London

01 17

Professional | Architectural Design 2015

PRE-FAB Living Units

N/A

2015

Woher Der: Bicycle Hostel

Udonthani

2015

Abbott Laboratory Ramathibodee Hospital {Consultancy} Bangkok

39

2014

S34 Residence

Bangkok

41

2014

18-80 House

Bangkok

2014

3x3x3 House

Bangkok

2013

Plain-Plane: Modular House for Disaster Victim

N/A

2010

The Sarena Phattanakan {CM}

Bangkok

2010

Huahin Ville

Hua Hin

2010

D Varee Diva Huahin

Hua Hin

2010

Issara House

Bangkok

2009

Kiri Villas

Phuket

2009

Ananta Villas

Phuket

2009

Kuiburi Residence

Pranburi

2008

Khun Tarin Residence

29

Surin

Professional | Architectural Lighting Design 2010

Werachai Residence

Chiangrai

2008

The Pavillion

Khoa-Yai

2008

Siam Kempinski

Bangkok

2008

The Creek

Khoa-Yai

2008

iBuilt

Bangkok

2008

U House {Inspection}

Bangkok

Academic | Architectural Design Thesis 2013

London Farmhouse: Edible Micro City

London

2007

Renovating Dusit Zoo: Life long Lesson

Bangkok

49

ii

Int r o duc t ion

iii

Mani f e s t o

Introduction

Manifesto

The neccessity of sustainable environmental design “Sustainable design is crucial, but why should sustainable assessment be a necessity in architectural design?�

People in history have been using buildings as a mean to shelter themselves not only from harm but also displeasure caused by weather. Because of this, vernacular architecture evolved in the way that they would withstand the climate and help differentiate indoor comfort from the outdoor discomfort. While the severity of climate circumstances and condition is getting larger due to the irrefutable global warming, the role of architecture in assisting people to cope with the weather is, in contrast, getting smaller. People nowadays instead turn

to the convenient of technologies which provide energy-consuming solutions for heating and cooling and available within reach of a dime.

Although most of the architects were taught to work with the concern of climate condition, the fight to extend the simple yet proven knowledge using rules of thumb will no longer suffice as people do not see the need to acclimate. Without proper tools to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodologies, the guesswork provides no assuring to convince clients.

The sustainable environmental design analysis will provide solutions for this issue by using concrete data to ensure them that the solutions are optimum.

iv

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

01 Rethinking HDB Flat

Applicable Design of Public Housing in Singapore Bedok, Singapore | Singapore In the tropical environment, high level of heat and humidity are primary factors that make air conditioning become a popular yet high-energy-consuming solution for internal cooling for the majority of urban households. With the rising trends in global warming, continued increase in air conditioning usage has become serious environmental concerns over the past decades, calling for the need to rethink of a more sustainable solution to low-energy consuming and environmental-friendly living space.

01

Pr e f a c e

The dissertation proposed a sustainable, energy-efficient, free-running design solution for hi-rise residential buildings in Singapore. It is based on theoretical studies, simulations and supporting empirical experiments. The proposed approach uses the combination of design and materials to minimise impacts from humidity while leveraging the benefits from relatively mild temperature for cooling. The solution can be achieved through integrating sustainable design strategies to optimise thermal and daylighting performance, with effective moisture control strategies.

Indoor Strategies 02

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

MArch SED 2016

MArch SED 2016

1.1 CLIMATE AND COMFORT ANALYSIS

IMATE AND COMFORT ANALYSIS

C

5 mm

%

4 mm

%

3 mm

250250 250

0

2

1 m/s 0m/s

]

JA N FEB MA R APR MA Y JU N JU L A UG SEP OCT NO V DE C

0

E 112.50 135.00 202.50 S

1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s

0 0 ble W a ter [mm ] P rec ipita 0 2] 2] [Wh/m [Wh/m 2 [Wh/m ] l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] G lo ba

0m/s 0m/s 0m/s

D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] R ela tive H u m idity [%]

Annual Average Data Temperature 27 C Mean Drybulb Max Drybulb Temperature Relative Humidity 83 % Min Drybulb Temperature

l Average Data Drybulb Temperature ve Humidity

MAR

After 2015 S inga p o:reBrunelli, A irp .

FEB

MAR

APR

E

70%

70% 247.50 247.50 247.50 60% 60% 225.00225.00

S

E

E

112.50 112.50 112.50

202.50 202.50 202.50 S

S

135.00 135.00 135.00 157.50 157.50 157.50 S

157.50 S

112.50

135.00 157.50

3.0

2.0

1.0

135.00

<=

Sun Path Sun Path N

6 mm 6 mm 5 mm 5 mm 4 mm 4 mm

337.50 345.00

W

N 337.50

22.50

22.50 45.00

45.00

292.50

292.50

247.50

3 mm 3 mm

W

E

E

247.50

225.00

67.50

67.50

112.50 225.00 202.50

200 W200 in d [m /s ] /s ] WdinSdpee S pee d [m W in d S pee d [m /s ] Global 3 m/s M150 ea n150 On uOtdoo r T rem pera tu re ] Global M ea u tdoo T em pera tu [°C re [°C ] 3 m/s M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] M aMx im u mu M n On uOtdoo r T rem pera tu re [°C ] ] a x im m ea M ea u tdoo T em pera tuDiffuse re [°C 2 m/s M a x im u100 m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tuDiffuse re [°C ] M100 in u mu M n On uOtdo or Torem pera tu re ] 2]m/s Mim in im m ea M ea u tdo T em pera tu [°C re [°C M in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu re [°C ] 50 1 m/s C oCmofomrtfoBrta Bn adn[°C ] ] d [°C 1 m/s C o m50 fo rt B a n d [°C ] 0 bleble P rec ipita W aWter [mm ] ] P0rec ipita a ter [mm 0m/s 2 W a ter [mm ] P rec[Wh/m ipita ble ] 0m/s 2 [Wh/m G loGba l HloHrizo riz o n otanlta R laRdia tiontion [W [W h /m ] 2] lo] ba a dia h 2/m G lo ba l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] D iffu s e sHe oHrizo riz o n otanlta R laRdia tiontion [W [W h /m ] 2] D iffu a dia h 2/m D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] R ela tivetive H uHmuidity [%][%] R ela m idity R ela tive H u m idity [%]

MAY

JAN

FEB

JULM A R Y C L IMJUN AT E S UM

AUG

MAR

SEP

APR

OCT

MAY

NOVC

MAY

30 JUN

JAN

JUL

FEB

AUG

MAR

SEP

APR

OCT

MAY

NOV

JULM A R Y L IMJUN A TDEC E S UM

202.50 S

157.50 S

135.00 157.50

112.50

135.00

W in d S pee d [m /s ] W in d S pee d [m /s ] M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] M a x im u m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu M a x im u m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C M in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu r M in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu re [°C C o m fo rt B a n d [°C ] C o m fo rt B a n d [°C ] P rec ipita ble W a ter [mm ] P rec ipita ble W a ter [mm ] G lo ba l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] G lo ba l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] R ela tive H u m idity [%] R ela tive H u m idity [%]

31 C 25 C

JUN

DEC

30 20 25 15 20 10 15 5 10 0

5 A V E R A G E W IN D S P E E D [m /s ] A V E R A G E D A IL Y D IF F U S E H O R IZ O N T AL S O L A R R A D IA T IO N [

AUG

SEP

OCT

The research by Jitkhajornwanich, K. (2006) AUG claimed SEP that OCT people tend to adapt and feel that the extra 2-3K above comfort band range is positively acceptable.

Furthermore, the upper comfort band could be extended by 2K. Therefore the upper comfort band range used in this project is 1K wider than the ASHRAE 55 standard A V E R A G E D A IL Y D IR E C T H O R IZ O N T A L

NOV

DEC

NOV

DEC

S inga p o re A irp .

35 25

03

80%

W

250

202.50

202.50

5.0

4.0

112.50 225.00

6.0

S inga p o re A irp .

35 p o re A irp .

S inga

N

W

225.00

27 C 31 C Max Drybulb Temperature 83 % 25 C Min Drybulb Temperature

C L IM A T E S U M M A R Y

APR

W 80%

7.0

HUMIDITY AND COMFORT IN TROPICAL CLIMATE

0 (Below) rt Analysis Chart Brunelli, 2015 FEB

90%

247.50

>= 9.0

8.0

E

E

345.00

67.5067.50 67.50

67.50

Fig. 9 In Singapore, (Above) there are little changes in temperature In Singapore, there are little changes in temperature level and level and Climate analysis of Singapore in precipitation level across precipitation level across seasons throughout the year. The monthly seasons throughout the year. The monthly currentmean and predicted situation average mean minimum temperature is around 27°C, while the average minimum average temperature is around 27°C, while the average year round.are This25°C information In Singapore, there are little changes alland maximum and 30°C respectively. The climate analysis and maximum are 25°C and 30°C respectively. The climate analysis that by treating thethat indoor in temperature and precipitation indicates chart (Figure 9-10) shows the overall outdoor air temperature is chart (Figure 9-10) shows that the overall outdoor air temperature is relative humidity issue there isThis a information leads to the question level throughout the year.

The overall usually within the comfort band. usually within the comfort band. This information leads to the question lot of possibilities to decrease airoutdoor air temperature is usually of why nearly 80% of households in Singapore own air-conditioners. of why nearly 80% of households in Singapore own air-conditioners.

As discussed earlier in the introduction section, the information given on conditioner usage to being freewithin the comfort band.

However, As discussed earlier in the introduction section, the information given on Figure 9 suggests that the constant average high humidity at 83% is a running. the10 humidity is quite average high high Figure 9relative suggests that the constant humidity at 83% is a Fig. (Below) cause for the high demand for air-conditioners.

C L IM A T E S U M M A R Y cause for the high demand Comfort Analysis Chart for air-conditioners.

(Above) e analysis of Singapore in t and predicted situation

N

90%

225.00

200200 W200 in d S pee d [m /s ] Global Global 3 m/s 150 3 m/s M150 ea n150 O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] Global 3 m/s M a x im u m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tuDiffuse reDiffuse [°C ] 100100 2 m/s 2 m/s Diffuse M100 in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu re [°C ] 2 m/s

22.5022.50 22.50 45.0045.00 45.00

15°C

250

C o50m50 fo 50 rt B a n d [°C ]

N 337.50 337.50 337.50 345.00 345.00 345.00

m/s

45.00

45.00

67.50

Sun Path Sun Path Sun PathN N

292.50 292.50 292.50

157.50

JA N F EJAB N JA N M AFRE B FEB AM P RA R MA R M AA YP R A PA RY M JU N MA Y JUJUL N JU N JU A UG L JU L S AE UP G A UG O CS TE P OS VEC PT NO O C TV DNE O C NDOE VC DE C

50

6 mm 6 mm 6 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 4 mm 3 mm 3 mm 3 mm

67.50

S

Min

Wind Speed

2 m/s

15°C

45.00

20°C

Min

247.50

Wind Speed

3 m/s

Diffuse

225.00 225.00 225.00 202.50 202.50 202.50

22.50

Wind Speed Wind Speed Wind Speed

Global

0

Wind Speed

0

25°C

22.50

W

W

Avg Avg

247.50 247.50 247.50

20°C

S

Horizontal Solar Radiation Horizontal Solar Radiation Horizontal Solar Radiation

0

<=0.00

Sun Path 337.50

W

25°C

157.50

N

S

Max Max

22.50

292.50

292.50

Precipitation

%

202.50

30°C

N 337.50

337.50 345.00

345.00

Precipitation

6 mm

Precipitation

%

135.00

Relative Humidity Relative Humidity Relative Humidity

C

MinMin Min

Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation

15°C 15°C345.00 15°C 292.50 90% 90% 90% 80%80% W 80% 70%70% 70% 247.50 60%60% 60% 225.00

2.00 1.00

225.00

20°C 20°C 20°C

Avg 3.00 Avg Avg

m/s

45.0045.00 45.00

345.00

30°C W W

4.00

112.50

25°C 25°C 25°C

C

MaxMax Max 5.00 6.00

247.50

Min

7.00

E

m/s m/s >=10.00 >=10.00 >=10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 67.5067.50 8.00 7.00 7.00 67.50 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.005.00 5.00 E E 5.004.00 4.00 E 4.00 3.00 3.00 112.50 112.50 3.002.00 2.00 112.50 2.001.00 1.00 1.00 135.00 135.00 <=0.00 <=0.00 135.00 <=0.00 157.50 157.50 157.50 S

22.5022.50 22.50

JA N FEB JA N MA R FEB APR MA R MA Y APR JU N MA Y JU L JU N A UG JU L SEP A UG OCT SEP NO V OCT DE C NO V DE C

Avg

67.50

N

292.50 292.50 292.50

Outdoor Temperature

Max

35°C

8.00

N

345.00 345.00 35°C

Relative Humidity

Outdoor Temperature Outdoor Temperature Outdoor Temperature

292.50

>=10.00 9.00

Relative Humidity

C

30°C 30°C 30°C W

m/s 45.00

Horizontal Solar Radiation

C

22.50

Horizontal Solar Radiation

337.50 345.00 35°C 35°C 35°C

N 337.50 337.50 337.50

Outdoor Temperature

N

Prevailing Wind Prevailing WindN

C lim a tWind e A n a ly s is : Singapore Prevailing C lim a t e Prevailing A nWind a ly s isWind : Singapore 2050 Prevailing

C lim a t ea tAe nAanlyaslyiss :isSingapore C lim : Singapore C limPrevailing a t e A n aWind ly s is : Singapore 2050

C lim a t e A n a ly s is : Singapore

A V E R A G E W IN D S P E E D [m /s ] A V E R A G E D A IL Y D IR E C T H O R IZ O N T A L S O LA R R A D IA T IO N A V E R A [k G EW Dh/m A IL²]Y D IF F U S E H O R IZ O N T AL S O L A R R A D IA T IO N [

JUL

[k W h/m ²]

S O LA R R A D IA T IO N

The research by Jitkhajornwanich, K. (2006) claimed that people tend to adapt an feel that the extra 2-3K above comfort band ran is positively acceptable Furthermore, the upp comfort band could b extended by 2K. Therefore the upper comfort band range use in this project is 1K wid than the ASHRAE 55 standard

Pr o gr ammin g

Comfortable with Natural ventilation Cooling or Dehumidification needed

Psychrometric chart analysis confirms that dehumidification is required in order to achieve a comfortable environment.

Optimum Range

Bar width indicate level of effect Bacteria Viruses Fungi Mites Respiratory infections

*insufficient data

Allergic Rhinitis & Asthma Chemical interactions Ozone production 10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

%

A healthy relative humidity range could neutralise adverse health effects caused by moisture.(Source: Arundel et al. ,1986)

04

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

RETHINKING HDB FLAT : Applicable Design of Public Housing in Singapore

Fig. 22 Materials properties and the application diagram

6v Vapour Water Insulation

Low permea Heat

6v

possible while hygroscopicity is although unnecessary but desirable. It means that if these building elements get in contact with the water in any form, the transfer of moisture content would be slow or halted, however, in the case that the parts have absorbed water, it is better if they could release the water quickly.

Next, it is preferable for typical CONTROL internal walls to have high PASSIVE HUMIDITY hygroscopicity while moderate to low capillarity and permeability are acceptable as their chances of exposure to water are considerably low. the ability to absorb and let water through should be kept at the minimum. (please see strategies diagram on page 1) Applying mesh surfaces on openings Finally, the breathability requirement for external walls is ideally The passive dehumidifier useshigh could trap thewhich incoming moisture unique. Initially, they should have hygroscopicity means they would beproperty able to dry quickly but alsocontent have lowwhile capillarity so that when hygroscopicity of salt to draw still allowing adequate it rains, they will not absorb water. High permeability is highly required

water out from the air and collect ventilation. them in the water chamber and will Using unfired clay brick as wall sidesat of the the walls. theThe ideal aspect of the property be reused farm However, and toilet. material willexterior allow wallsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; moisture buffering is that it should only work one-way. When the humidity level inside is only maintenance needed is refilling which would help distribute higher, the walls should transfer moisture content from inside to outside, and onchamber the other hand, theaproperty to shift andhumidity stop the transfer the salt once in while. ought maintain level. when the condition is reversed.

OUT

IN

When the humidity inside is higher IS HIGHER 17

05

OUT

IN

When the humidity inside is lower IS LOWER

Fig. 23 Exterior wall property diagram

able Design of Public Housing in Singapore

D e sign Re s e ar c h

Community Activities @ Forecourt & Hygro Skin Application 40% RH

MArch SED 2016

45% RH ROOF

EXTERNAL WALL

ROOF

Rice hull insulated concrete slab

Rendered unfired clay brick with shutter

Rice hull insulated concrete slab

U Value

0.5 W/m2K

U Value

FLOOR

Single clear 6mm

U Value

U Value

W/m2K

3.1

Rendered unfired clay brick with shutter U Value

0.8

W/m2K

Concrete (Dense) U Value

W/m2K

W/m2K

STRUCTURE

Concrete and Bamboo laminate U Value 0.8 W/m2K

INTERNAL WALL

Rendered unfired clay brick 1.3

0.5 W/m2K

FLOOR

GLAZING

0.6

Rendered unfired clay brick

Single clear 6mm

U Value

U Value

1.3

W/m2K

GLAZING

W/m2K

3.1

W/m2K

Accordingly, the main selection of materials Fig. 24 regarding their individual breathability requirement are: Material Selection

Accordingly, the main selection of materials regarding their individual breathability requirement are:

Dense concrete is commonly selected for building structures, especially in high-rise buildings because of its strength and handy application. Dense concrete is considered not breathable; it would be used as a structural element and foundation where the impact from water and vapour should be minimal. ● Timber Timber usually absorbs and release moisture quickly, but it does not allow the transfer through. In this project, the main sources of timber are renewable rubber ash and bamboo which grow well in Thailand and Malaysia. ● Unfired Clay Brick Stufy The internal and external walls feature unfired clay brick as the main structure combined with lime rendering and appropriate cladding.

Unfired clay brick is similar to traditional brick, but its production using radiation from the sun to dry instead of fire or manufactured heat causes them to have a lot less embodied carbon. They dry quickly and importantly let vapour transfer through. Nevertheless, the capillarity level of unfired clay brick alone is high and therefore a suitable render is needed. ● Hygro-skin This composited material allows the possibility to create the ideal property for external walls. Hygro-skin is a climate responsive material which was a part of FARC Centre Oelean done by a team from The ICD from University of Stuttgart in 2013. The way hygro-skin works is simply by using the property of a thin layer of wood which has a natural mechanism to quickly change its shaped in response to the humidity level. This property in a natural setting could be seen in pine cones which could change their outer skin shape according to the dampness in the air as shown in Figure 25.

The application of hygro-skin on the external walls as seen in Figure 26 and 27 would create an automatic adaptability to slow down or stop moisture buffering when the humidity outside gets higher.

Dense concrete is commonly selected for building structures, especially in high-rise buildings because of its strength and handy application. Dense concrete is considered not breathable; it would be used as a structural element and foundation where the impact from water and vapour should be minimal. ● Timber Timber usually absorbs and release moisture quickly, but it does not allow the transfer through. In this project, the main sources of timber are renewable rubber ash and bamboo which grow well in Thailand and Malaysia. ● Unfired Clay Brick Stufy The internal and external walls feature unfired clay brick as the main structure combined with lime rendering and appropriate cladding.

Unfired clay brick is similar to traditional brick, but its production using radiation from the sun to dry instead of fire or manufactured heat causes them to have a lot less embodied carbon. They dry quickly and importantly let vapour transfer through. Nevertheless, the capillarity level of unfired clay brick alone is high and therefore a suitable render is needed. ● Hygro-skin This composited material allows the possibility to create the ideal property for external walls. Hygro-skin is a climate responsive material which was a part of FARC Centre Oelean done by a team from The ICD from University of Stuttgart in 2013. The way hygro-skin works is simply by using the property of a thin layer of wood which has a natural mechanism to quickly change its shaped in response to the humidity level. This property in a natural setting could be seen in pine cones which could change their outer skin shape according to the dampness in the air as shown in Figure 25.

The application of hygro-skin on the external walls as seen in Figure 26 and 27 would create an automatic adaptability to slow down or stop moisture buffering when the humidity outside gets higher.

55% RH

65% RH

Fig. 25 Hygro-Skin Source: Menges et al., 2013

70% RH

0.6

U Value

EXTERNAL WALL

Fig. 25 Hygro-Skin Source: Menges et al., 2013

75% RH

Hygro-Skin Base Idea (Source : Menges)

60% RH

W/m2K

Concrete (Dense) U Value

INTERNAL WALL

50% RH

0.8

STRUCTURE

Concrete and Bamboo laminate U Value 0.8 W/m2K

Fig. 24 Material Selection

MArch SED 2016

18

18

HYGRO - SKIN : CLIMATE RESPONSIVE CLADDING Hygro-skin is a climate-responsive shape responding to the humidity Fig. 26 (Above) material studied by a team from level as seen in natural pine cones.

HowTheHygro-Skin work of hygro-skin on The ICD, University of Stuttgart.

The application Source: al., would 2013create an way hygro-skin works is simply

by Menges the externaletwalls using the property of a thin layer of automatic adaptability to allow and wood which could quickly change its stop moisture buffer

06

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Forecourt 07

D e sign C onc ep t

Occupant Activities at Shared Balcony

BRINGING PEOPLE CLOSER In a traditional Malaysian Kampong verandas are always the liveliest areas. The shaded spaces are visually connected to streets and used for the majority of daytime activities. The verandas filter the public and private space but at the same time encourage connection

within the neighbourhood. This socio-environmental phenomenon occurs similarly in semi-open spaces in high-density residential buildings. The forecourts which connect corridors and residential units create a strong sense of security and neighbourliness.

08

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Dining Area

Bedroom 3

Bedroom 2

Occupants Sharing Common Area

FLEXIBILITY FOR ALL The flat design aims to achieve flexible spaces for both families and residents sharing accommodation together. The new model with the forecourt covers 110 m2 which are

09

about the same amount of space as the existing standard, excluding the balcony which is required for shading.

D e sign O u t c ome

RETHINKING HDB FLAT : Applicable Design of Public Housing in Singapore

7.4 INDOOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 7.4.1 Module design

ngapore

Fig. 136 Forecourt

and residents sharing accommodation together. The 3-bedroom type, which is the most common type, were chosen for the reason that it is the bedroom, and one convertible bedroom could provide 1) Home for a family with 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 children 2) Home for a family with a child and 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 elderly people The new design with the forecourt covers 110 metres2 which is about the same amount of space as the existing model, excluding the balcony which is converted from the overhang.

Connected Fig. 136 to the forecourt, the common area contains the living and dining area. This furniture layout separates the living area into zones Forecourt arranged in a separate room to block the heat and moisture from cooking spreading into the joined space.

The bedrooms are functional but the small size is intended to

bedroom type, encourage the occupants to use the more spacious common area. son that it is the

Fig. 137 Flexible layout diagram

110 sq. m.

eople

Family with 1-2 Children

etres2 which is , excluding the

Shared Resident

ntains the living area into zones

Family with 1-2 Children and 1 Elderly

Family with 1 and 2 Elderly

e from cooking

is intended to mon area.

Fig. 137 Flexible layout diagram

110 sq. m.

101

Family with 1-2 Children Shared Resident Family with 1 and 2 Elderly Family with 1-2 Children and 1 Elderly

10

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

COMFORTABLE THERMALLY AND DAY-LIT MArch SED 2016

The simulation revealed that the decrease the indoor humidity average operative temperature in all bringing it much closer to the healthy rooms is lower than the outside at range. The diagram of daylight Fig. 154 <100 shows Lux that most of the midday and stay within the comfort UDI simulation Useful Daylight Index band at all occupied times. The rooms have an adequate amount of After: DIVA, 2017 applied moisture control might daylight at the recommended level.

Thermal Performane of All Room: Weekly Average JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC 900

800

700

30

UDI 100-2000 Lux

600

500

400 25

300

200

100

20

0 Average of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] Average of wind speed [m/s]

Average of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

UDIAverage >2000 Lux water [mm] of precipitable Comfort Band Range Average of MBR Temp

Average of BR3 Temp

Average of BR2 Temp

33 17

% Occupied Hours

N

0

% Occupied Hours

50

67

83

100

Average of DBT [C] Average of LR Temp

Daylight Autonomy @ 300 lux 11

0

17

33

50

67

83

100

D e sign O u t c ome

MASTER PLANNING MATTERS The ground level is optimised building configuration will benefit for semi-public use while still all flats equally by protecting them focusing on providing amenities from high solar radiation from for the community. All spaces are the East and West. The sky-farm is connected by a covered walkway located between top storeys creating RETHINKING HDB FLATwhich : Applicable Design Housing 154 of Public is Fig. accessible by foot and in Singapore dynamic, perforated effectLux which UDI <100 Useful Daylight Index wheelchair. The North-Southward would allow the wind to get through.

MArch

After: DIVA, 2017

Covered Walkway

ental ycle R

Bic

spot

> Stop Bus tation > o t s RT S nute 2 mi utes to M n 5 mi

UDI 100-2000 Lux rea ercial A m m o C

A n Sunke

B

n

Garde

ng Seati

&

ing Meet

Area Park ction e Conn

n

arde

cal G Tropi

en n Gard

Sunke

lion

y Pavil

unit Comm

C

l Tropica

D

arden Herb G

UDI >2000 Lux

tball Baske

s Court

n Garde

Daycare

round

Playg

ield Grass F

E

ng an

Seati

ation

Loc p Car nd Zi

rk a

a Car P

a g Are

etin d Me

Master Plan

% Occupied Hours

N

0

17

12

33

50

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Seating Area @ The Entrance

STAY OUTDOOR | STAY COMFORTABLE With hot and humid weather plus slow average wind velocity (1.5 m/s), the ground floor area was designed to be mostly open to maximise wind movement and keep people cool and dry. The result of mPET analysis

13

at different spots on the ground floor revealed that most of the tested spots are comfortable most of the time which could be a result of shading from the building and vegetation.

D e sign O u t c ome

View from bicycle rental stand

Sunken Garden

Playground Spot 1 Male (35) Height 175cm Weight 75kg

Relaxing Position sitting clo. 0.2 met 1.0

^Unconfortable Hours

â&#x2013;˛ mPET Diagram showing hourly occupants comfort for the whole year mPET (Modified Physiological Equivalent Temperature) is used to analyze how changes in the thermal environment can affect human well-being including activities and outfits as factors.

G LEVEL Wind Analysis on Ground Level 14

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

SKY - FARM: CITY FARMING AT REACH Sky-Farm will be one solution for food security by adding food to the system that imports more than 90% of the food. Additionally, it could provide more suitable jobs for the elderly residents who are being designated to stay in careers longer before

15

reaching retirement.

Some of the farm areas achieve five hours of 10,000 lux which is needed for the plants to grow well and most of the area reach 5000 lux which is required to maintain a healthy growing rate.

D e sign O u t c ome

Sky - Farm creates perforated massing & allow more wind movement at high level

N

% occupied hours

Daylight Autonomy @ 10000 lux & Vegetable Selection

Daylight Autonomy @ 5000 lux 16

02 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol

02 H o l y Tr i n i t y P r i m a r y S c h o o l Design by Architype

Richmond, London | UK This environmental design assessment report on the Holy Trinity Primary School expansion was done within two and a half months.

The outdoor and indoor studies comprised of analysing previous studies on the building, interviewing the architect, visiting the site to make observations and measurements, informally interviewing the teachers and staffs, followed by analytical work and simulations. The goal was to analyse and understand the building performance, usability, and occupant comfort to draw conclusions and provide suggestions for improvements if deemed appropriate.

Architype was responsible for the design of the Holy Trinity Primary School expansion project. It was a fast pace design-build project with construction started in 2010 and

Keystage 1 (source: Architype) 17

finished in 2011. The project achieved BREEAM Excellent with its use of local sustainable materials and 20% reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emission, etc.

The building itself was designed to fit the school activities and to achive high performances of sustainability.

Unfortunately, the short period of the study only allowed us to focus on the extension wings.

The materials used in this project were chosen carefully. Consequently, the high building performance makes the building very well insulated and which cause the building decoupled from the outdoor which make it easier to archive the thermal comfort and would use less energy for heating.

The materials were not only high in performance but also environmentalfriendly and renewable.

0.0

22

0.0

S u n r is e

S u n r is e

0.0

0.0

0.0

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N

0.0

0.0

0.0

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

S unset

C lo c k T im e

26 m

S unset

C lo c k T im e

Sunrise - Sunset // Clock Time

Sky conditions chart

0.0

S u n r is e

C lo c k T im e

26 m

2000

S u Jnar is eary nu

S unset 2000 FC elobc rku Ta im rye M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) .

15 10

Ja n u a r y

February

0.0

0.0

0.0

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N

0.0

0.0

0.0

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

S unset

C lo c k T im e

30

S unset

Sky conditions chart

S u n r is e

25 20

March

C lo c k T im e

0.0

0.0

Pr e f a c e

2000

a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % )

(Satel-Light)

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N SPRING TERM S unset

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

26 m

C lo c k T im e AUTUMN TERM 2 0 0 0 M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) .

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m S unset 2000 FC elobc rku Ta im rye M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) .

10

0.0

2000

S u Jnar is eary nu

15

March

0.0

F r e q u e n c y o f N ig h t , S u n n y , I n t e r m e d ia t e a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % ) 5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m

Sunrise - Sunset // Clock Time

SUMMER TERM

0.0

26 m

Frequency of Sunny, F r e q u Intermediate e n c y o f N ig h t ,and S u nCloudy n y , I n t eSkies r m e d(%) ia t e

2000

a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % )

FIG. 012.

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

0.0

S u n r is e

2000

M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) .

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m

25 20

0.0

22 0.0

0.0

(Satel-Light)

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N SPRING TERM S u n r is e S unset

30

0.0

F r e q u e n c y o f N ig h t , S u n n y , I n t e r m e d ia t e a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % ) 5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m

Frequency of Sunny, F r e q u Intermediate e n c y o f N ig h t ,and S u nCloudy n y , I n t eSkies r m e d(%) ia t e

FIG. 012.

0.0

SUMMER TERM

March

Ja n u a r y

February

March

A p r il

May

Ju n e

A p r il

May

Ju n e

5

5

0

0

90

90

80

80

70

70 A p r il

60

May

60

Ju n e

400 350

A p r il

May

300

Ju n e

250 200 150

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm 13/15

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm

Thermal Comfort Thermal C Band o m (EN fo rt15251) B a n d (per EN 15251)

/ FIG. 013.

Global/ Diffuse Horizontal Radiation

Monthly diurnal averages for Kew Gardens . (Source: Meteonorm)

MAY

JUN

JAN JULY

FEB AUG

100 MAR SEP

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm Thermal C o m fo rt B a n d (per EN 15251) 13/15

Wind Velocity

/

Outdoor Air Temperature FIG. 013.

Outdoor Humidity

APR OCT

MAY NOV

JUN DEC

50 0

13/15

JULY

Wind Velocity

AUG 13/15

Outdoor Air Temperature

Monthly diurnal averages for Kew Gardens . (Source: Meteonorm)

Keystage 2 (source: Architype) 18

15

o space under overhang 10:20 // Toro a seating 16.3area c for outdoor classroom activities, to play structures and pingo pong tables under a big PET 18.1 c Willow Tree (Fig. 017-018). Fig. 019 show spot measurements o mPET 22.8 c we took on site and PET/mPET calculations done afterward to test our general feelings on site, which was heavily affected by RH 61 % the wind.

To 15.1 oc // 9:55 PET 12.0 oc mPET 17.9 oc RH 62 % Wind 4 m/s

Wind m/st y Pr imar y S c ho ol 02 | H ol y Tr0.8ini FIGURE 027.

Site Plan comfortable / exposed

1

Key Stage 2 Play Area 885 140 250 460 35

FIG. 028.

very cold exposed

(after Architype)

1 3 2 3 2 16 8

m2 total area m2 hard surface m2 play surface m2 grass m2 planted area

Site 51° 27’ 49”N 0° 17’ 4”W

Carrington Rd, Richmond TW10 5AA 57b flight noise level

large willow tree small trees play structures ping pong tables picnic tables lm seating fluorescent lights Photo of MUGA looking at Play Field under overhang

Kew Garden Weather Station

FIG. 017.

Photo of willow tree and ping-pong tables

25

m2

w/ 360 m 2 greenroof) + 31% paving ( 3,300 m 2 ) + 27% m 2 ) + 10% artificial grass ( 1,075 m 2 ) Holy Trinity Primary School

10,475 m2 20

FIG. 018.

Photo of Play Area looking from west access corridor

3,255 m 2 w/ 360 m 2 greenroof) + 31% paving ( 3,300 m 2 ) + 27% ( 2,845 m 2 ) + 10% artificial grass ( 1,075 m 2 ) FIG. 002

The building was designed to have high airtightness as to prevent the noise from Heathrow flight path @ 57 db which may cause negative effects on learning with long term exposure.

57dB // noise level

FIG.003

Heathrow 2014 Noise Exposure Contours - Day Standard Modal Split (77% W / 23% E) Leq Contours (after ERCD Report 1501 by the Environmental Research and Consultancy Department Civil Aviation Authority)

w

1 1

13

3 1

13

3

4 1

1

1

5

1

1

5

4 1

1

2

2 2

2

Garden 4 5Sensory Playing Field

2 9

8

5 Playing Field

6 Key Stage 1 Play Area

6 Key Stage 1 Play Area

7 Reception Play Area

8

7 Reception Play Area

7

11

11 12

006

Site Plan

(after Architype) 19

8 Amphitheatre

Entrance 9 9 MainMain Entrance Area Area

10 10 Car Park Car

12 14

Park

11 11 Caretakers House House (existing) Caretakers (existing)

12 Nursery Play Area (existing)

12 Nursery Play Area (existing)

13 Habitat Area

13 Habitat Area

N

FIG. 006

8 Amphitheatre

7

14

lding m Architype)

1 Key Stage 2 Play Area MUGA Courtyards 2 3

Sensory Garden 3 4MUGA

2

9

2 Courtyards

6

10 10

1 Key Stage 2 Play Area

6

14 New lighting and

Site Plan (after Architype)

resurfacing

to pedestrian access and route New lighting 14

resurfacing to pedestrian access route

Pr e f a c e

Existing Building Strategies (source: Architype)

5 1

3

2

6 4

FIG. 009.

Summer Environmental Strategies Section (Holy Trinity Primary School D&A statement by Architype)

7

MUGA

Since one of the design goals was to achieve a highly airtight building envelope due to flight noise issues, a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery ventilation9was installed. The MVHR coupled with the Earth Tube system uses the less fluctuated temperature underground to cool or heat up the outdoor air before letting it into the building, which would help improve air quality while simultaneously improve the indoor temperature as well (Figs. 009-010).

Interestingly, Architect Christian Dimbleby revealed in retrospect during an interview that it was not wise to put the Earth Tube System under the building foundation. He noted that it would be better to put the system next to or around the perimeter of the building. This would simplify the construction process and lower cost as well as providing the ability to access the system for maintenance later.

A multifaceted approach was taken to meet these requirements:

Since one of the design goals was to achieve a highly airtight building envelope due to flight noise issues, a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery ventilation was installed. The MVHR coupled 1 with the Earth Tube system uses the less fluctuated temperature underground to cool or heat up the outdoor air before letting 2 it into the building, which would help improve air quality while simultaneously improve the indoor temperature as well (Figs. 009-010).

11

6

Green Roof retain water / biodiversity / CO2 absorption 1 Timber Modular Structure less waste / CO2 locked building fabric

3

FIG.

3 Natural Insulation (Rockwool / Wood Fibre) 2 effective insulants /9less negative effect in production

FIG. 010.

Interestingly, Architect Christian Dimbleby revealed in retrospect Playground during an interview that it was not wise to put the Earth Tube System under the building foundation. He noted that it would be better to put 4 the system next to or around the perimeter of the building. This would 10 simplify the construction process and lower cost as well as providing the ability to access the system for maintenance later.

5

Winter Environmental Strategies Section multifaceted approach takenbytoArchitype) (HolyA Trinity Primary School D&Awas statement

meet these requirements:

Natural Finished Material reduce usage of volatile organic compound in paint

4

Daylighting diffuse north light / no glare

13

6 Solar Shading block direct sun in summer / allow sun in winter

1 Green Roof retain water / biodiversity / CO2 absorption

7 High Insulation minimize cooling & heating load

2 Timber Modular Structure less waste / CO2 locked building fabric 3 Natural Insulation (Rockwool / Wood Fibre) effective insulants / less negative effect in production

8 Efficient Heating monitoring to archive the highest performance FIG. 009.

Summer Environmental Strategies Section (Holy Trinity Primary School D&A statement by Archity 9 Earth Tubes System less energy building thermal control

4 Natural Finished Material reduce usage of volatile organic compound in paint

10 Heat Recover recycle heat from extract air

5 Daylighting diffuse north light / no glare

11 Intelligent Control monitoring lighting and CO2 level / less energy consume

6 Solar Shading block direct sun in summer / allow sun in winter

12 Airtightness reduce air traffic noise

7

FIG.

7 High Insulation minimize cooling & heating load 8 Efficient Heating monitoring to archive the highest performance 9 Earth Tubes System less energy building thermal control 10 Heat Recover

11

20

also researched metabolic rates between an adult and nderstand the thermal comfort difference. Typically, etabolic rate is 70% of an adult’s metabolic rate due to es in body mass and surface area. So for the same activity, me spot, at the same time, an adult would feel warmer d. Fig. 037 shows the temperature difference between an a kid performing the same activity.

Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

parameters: average size

39kg

adult

Age 28 02 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y / Female S c ho/ Height ol 1.63m / Weight

53kg

ary & Proposed Improvements

shows the sky view factor of each location and Fig. 038 ual weekly chart summarizing the thermal comfort at the h different activities. The team concluded that playing der the willow and playing sports at the MUGA would e during the cold periods. Playing at the Play Structure, e Courtyard, and standing under the Overhang would g the warm periods. Lastly sitting on the benches would old except for a couple weeks in July, since this area is by the building throughout the year.

35.0 °C 30.0 °C 25.0 °C 20.0 °C 15.0 °C

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JULY

mPET

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Adult at Willow Tree

Kid at Willow Tree

Photo looking at ping-pong tables underneath willow tree

Photo from top of play structure looking west.

Photo of bench area looking west

Photo of MUGA looking east

Photo of space underneath overhang

Photo of kitchen courtyard looking east

17/12/2011 - 23/12/2011

solar radiation have a big impact on thermal comfort environment. As illustrated by the differences between pot under overhang and in the kitchen courtyard, which metabolic rate but different wind and solar access.

OUTDOOR COMFORT ASSESSMENT After the study on the different of outdoor comfort factor of children and adults, the annual comfort analysis of average size kid doing different activities at 6 chosen spots was done. We modified the wind speed from the weather data for each location based on our wind flow analysis and site observations.

21

The wind and solar radiation have a significant impact on thermal comfort in the outdoor environment as illustrated by the differences between the mPETs of Spot under the overhang and in the kitchen courtyard, which at the same metabolic rate but different wind and solar access.

31/12/2011 - 01/01/2012

10/12/2011 - 16/12/2011

access analysis (Fig. 048) and outdoor sun patch 049) confirm these the conclusions on thermal comfort ent locations that the team analyzed using mPET

24/12/2011 - 30/12/2011

03/12/2011 - 09/12/2011

12/11/2011 - 18/11/2011

26/11/2011 - 02/12/2011

05/11/2011 - 11/11/2011

19/11/2011 - 25/11/2011

15/10/2011 - 21/10/2011

29/10/2011 - 04/11/2011

22 /10/2011 - 28/10/2011

01/10/2011 - 07/10/2011

08/10/2011 - 14/10/2011

17/09/2011 - 23/09/2011

10/09/2011 - 16/09/2011

24/09/2011 - 30/09/2011

03/09/2011 - 09/09/2011

13/08/2011 - 19/08/2011

27/08/2011 - 02/09/2011

06/08/2011 - 12/08/2011

20/08/2011 - 26/08/2011

16/07/2011 - 22 /07/2011

30/07/2011 - 05/08/2011

09/07/2011 - 15/07/2011

23/07/2011 - 29/07/2011

02/07/2011 - 08/07/2011

11/06/2011 - 17/06/2011

25/06/2011 - 01/07/2011

18/06/2011 - 24/06/2011

21/05/2011 - 27/05/2011

04/06/2011 - 10/06/2011

28/05/2011 - 03/06/2011

07/05/2011 - 13/05/2011

14/05/2011 - 20/05/2011

16/04/2011 - 22 /04/2011

30/04/2011 - 06/05/2011

09/04/2011 - 15/04/2011

23/04/2011 - 29/04/2011

02/04/2011 - 08/04/2011

12/03/2011 - 18/03/2011

26/03/2011 - 01/04/2011

05/03/2011 - 11/03/2011

19/03/2011 - 25/03/2011

12/02/2011 - 18/02/2011

26/02/2011 - 04/03/2011

05/02/2011 - 11/02/2011

mPET comparison between an adult and a kid 19/02/2011 - 25/02/2011

FIG. 037.

AUG

mPET

C omfort Band (per EN 15251) mPET AnnualThermal Comfort Analysis

15/01/2011 - 21/01/2011

lysis subject and assigned different metabolic rates for ctivities that would take place at each spot. We modified d from the weather data for each location based on our ysis and site observations. For example, under the willow cted that the wind would be 50% of recorded wind data her station since it is sem-protected by the low canopy hen Courtyard it would be 40% of the recorded wind

40.0 °C

22 /01/2011 - 28/01/2011

mal Comfort Analysis

45.0 °C

29/01/2011 - 04/02/2011

en Courtyard Garden is one of the most sheltered spaces wind. The building overhang and adjacent building e shade, and a fence screens it from the parking lot. , it looks more like a storage area and not being used potential. It could be a great spot, especially in the for multiple quiet activities such as reading or drawing ITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL To facilitate such activities, the team suggests adding low ong the existing vegetable planters for reading as well as g purposes. With the added amenity, students can form ng group and learn about food growing and establish hip for the space and plants. To further enhance this ding a row of low (0.5m) evergreen shrubs (that provide flowers) along the fence would help further distinguish it parking lot, add and seasonal to the observations, we more chosecolors 6 locations from thechanges different daylight maintain solar and ddannual comfort analysis withaccess. mPET. We used an average

50.0 °C

01/01/2011 - 07/01/2011

lawn is mostly wet and muddy, which is a common issue et climates. To minimize the wet and muddy conditions ase play value and safety, it would be ideal to replace the grass lawn with a high performance natural grass lawn additional layers of drainage below. Often times, it may ing to replace these natural grass lawn with artificial turf; such action would reduce children’s access to natural , which as more and more research have shown that that al for children to interact and connect with nature as possible.

mPET Comparison between adult and kid

08/01/2011 - 14/01/2011

y Area seating area, there’s loss of opportunity for eating with the trees planted directly behind the benches. g the tree planters would make these benches sitoth sides making them more flexible and allowing for activity watching from all directions while being seated. d especially be good for parents that are waiting and their kids play after school hours.

D e sign A s s e s sment parameters: average size kid

Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

39kg

N Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

39kg

parameters: average size kid 330

30

solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, solar and octas from air Kewtemperature, Garden Weather Station; radiation, relative humidity, wind velocity, and octas from Kew Garden Weather Station;

300

330

30

Under Willow Tree Under Wind ~50 % Willow Tree Met ~450W playing Wind ping ~50 % pong Met // running ~450W

60

30

300

60

W

E

W

E 240

120

240

120

210

150

back andping forth playing pong // running back and forth

150

S N 330

330

Sitting on Wood Bench Sitting on Wind ~85 % Wood Bench Met ~100W slightly Wind ~85 % sheltered by the Met ~100W

60

300

60

W

E

W

E 240

120

240

120

210

E

W

E 240

240

150

150

30

N

Wind ~100 % MUGA Met ~600W intense sports Wind ~100 % activities Met on ~600W

300

60

E

W

E 240

30

60

60

W

E

W

E 240

240

120

210

150

120

S 210

150

210

120

150

S

150 for each of the 6 locations Sky view factor diagrams S

Sky view factor diagrams for each of the 6 locations

parameters: average size kid

Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

N 036.

FIG.

Site Plan (after Architype)

FIG. 036.

Site Plan (after Architype)

330

30

300

60

60

W

E

W

E 240

240

120

210

150

120

S 210

27

150

S

27

solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, Outdoor Comfort Studies (mPET) Outdoor Comfort Studieswind (mPET) velocity, and octas from Kew Garden Weather Station;

39kg

50.000 °C 50.000 °C

300

concrete surface intense sports // exposedonto the activities elements concrete surface // exposed to the elements

N

30

N

Kitchen Courtyard Kitchen Wind ~40 % Courtyard Met ~120W intense Wind sports ~40 % activities Met on ~120W

building // semi-sheltered protected from windfrom by rain by over building // hang protected from rain by over hang

120

JAN - MAR

40.000 °C 40.000 °C

330

300

concrete surface intense sports // exposedonto the activities elements concrete surface // exposed to the elements

Under Overhang Under Wind ~50% Overhang Met ~120W semi-sheltered Wind ~50% from wind by Met ~120W

60

300

FIG. 035.

150

30

NS

330

210

120

NS

330

W

FIG. 035.

150

210

30

N

240

210

S

S N 330

300

120

MUGA

building slightly // tree next to bench is sheltered by the to small to// have building tree an nextimpact to bench is to small to have an impact

S 210

60

330

30

60

W

30

N 300

30

300

structure climbing //up and 0.75m to 3.5m down the play above ground structure // level 0.75m=toexposed 3.5m above ground level = exposed

S 210

330

300

0

N

N

Top of Play Structure Top of Play Wind ~100 % Structure Met ~300W climbing and % Wind up ~100 down play Met the ~300W

% Occupied Ho

N 330

N

mid OCT - DEC

ping pong under Willow playing at MUGA

ping pong under Willow playing at MUGA

30.000 °C 30.000 °C 20.000 °C 20.000 °C 10.000 °C 10.000 °C

two weeks in JUL

0.000 °C 0.000 °C

MAY - AUG

sitting on the bench

playing at Play Structure standing at Courtyard standing under Overhang

0.000 °C 0.000 °C

7.0 m/s 7.0 m/s 6.0 m/s 6.0 m/s 5.0 m/s 5.0 m/s 4.0 m/s 4.0 m/s 3.0 m/s 3.0 m/s 2.0 m/s 2.0 m/s 1.0 m/s 1.0 m/s

Thermal C

o m fo rt B a n d (per EN 15251)

Global/ Diffuse Horizontal Radiation

annual weekly graph mPET comfort analysis

DEC DEC weekweek 51 51

mPET Overhang mPET Overhang mPET Bench mPET Bench

DECDEC weekweek 52 52

DEC DEC weekweek 49 49

weekweek 48 48 NOVNOV

NOVNOV weekweek 46 46

NOVNOV weekweek 47 47

NOVNOV weekweek 45 45

DEC DEC weekweek 50 50

mPET Play Area mPET Play Area mPET Courtyard mPET Courtyard

NOVNOV weekweek 44 44

OCT OCT weekweek 43 43

OCT OCT weekweek 41 41

OCT OCT weekweek 42 42

OCT OCT weekweek 40 40

SEP SEP weekweek 38 38

SEP SEP weekweek 36 36

SEP SEP weekweek 39 39

mPET MUGA mPET MUGA mPET Willow Tree mPET Willow Tree

SEP SEP weekweek 37 37

AUGAUG weekweek 35 35

AUGAUG weekweek 33 33

AUGAUG weekweek 34 34

AUGAUG weekweek 31 31

AUGAUG weekweek 32 32

JUL JUL weekweek 29 29

JUL JUL weekweek 30 30

JUL JUL weekweek 27 27

JUL JUL weekweek 28 28

Wind Velocity Wind Velocity Outdoor Air Temperature Outdoor Air Temperature

JUN JUN weekweek 26 26

JUNJUN weekweek 24 24

JUNJUN weekweek 25 25

JUN JUN weekweek 22 22

JUNJUN weekweek 23 23

MAYMAY weekweek 21 21

MAYMAY weekweek 20 20

MAYMAY weekweek 18 18

MAYMAY weekweek 19 19

APR APR weekweek 17 17

APR APR weekweek 15 15

APR APR weekweek 16 16

MARMAR weekweek 13 13

Thermal Comfort Thermal C Band o m(EN fo 15251) rt B a n d (per EN 15251)

/ FIG. 038./

APR APR weekweek 14 14

MARMAR weekweek 11 11

MARMAR weekweek 12 12

MARMAR weekweek 9 9

MARMAR weekweek 10 10

FEB FEB weekweek 7 7

FEB FEB weekweek 8 8

FEB FEB weekweek 5 5

FEB FEB weekweek 6 6

JAN JAN weekweek 3 3

JAN JAN weekweek 4 4

JAN JAN weekweek 1 1

JAN JAN weekweek 2 2

500 Wh/m2 500 Wh/m2 300 Wh/m2 300 Wh/m2 100 Wh/m2 Wh/m2 1000Wh/m2 0 Wh/m2

29

22

17

33

02 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol Interior (Source: Architype)

INDOOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The team learned that the building gets overheated in the summer. The high temperature may have been due to user errors such as blocking the vents, as well as causing artificial lights to be on all the time with posters blocking the daylight from entering the room. The high temperatures may

23

also be the lack of manual overrides on the ventilation system, which is operated by automatic temperature sensors. Referencing these studies, we applied a similar methodology when collecting measurements.

The collected data also showed that daylight distribution is an issue.

by spot measurements (in the Appendix) and furthermore gger information on Figs. 075-076, the indoor temperatures ee rooms seem to be stable. The figure shows that week 3 w comfort, which may be due to the thermostat being set me temperature compared to the previous two weeks, even he outdoor temperatures were lower than the previous weeks’ ures. MVHR would bring in colder air for fresh air requirement, , causing the indoor temperatures to be below comfort band.

The outdoor temperatures seem to not have a big impact on the indoor temperatures. We can therefore infer that the building envelope’s airtightness is performing well and it is decoupled from the outdoor environment. This decoupling from the outdoor is a good sign for an air-conditioned building. However, the team is interested in looking at different strategies to turn this building H O L Y T R IN IT Y S C H OO L K E Y S T A G E W IN G a toward free-running.

Data Logger Recording MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

D e sign A s s e s sment

N O V 9 20 15 13:00- N O V 27 20 15 0 8:0 0

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

25.000 °C

20.000 °C

15.000 °C

5K 18.5K

10.000 °C

12K

5.000 °C

0.000 °C

09/11/2015 13:00 09/11/2015 17:00 09/11/2015 21:00 10/11/2015 01:00 10/11/2015 05:00 10/11/2015 09:00 10/11/2015 13:00 10/11/2015 17:00 10/11/2015 21:00 11/11/2015 01:00 11/11/2015 05:00 11/11/2015 09:00 11/11/2015 13:00 11/11/2015 17:00 11/11/2015 21:00 12/11/2015 01:00 12/11/2015 05:00 12/11/2015 09:00 12/11/2015 13:00 12/11/2015 17:00 12/11/2015 21:00 13/11/2015 01:00 13/11/2015 05:00 13/11/2015 09:00 13/11/2015 13:00 13/11/2015 17:00 13/11/2015 21:00 14/11/2015 01:00 14/11/2015 05:00 14/11/2015 09:00 14/11/2015 13:00 14/11/2015 17:00 14/11/2015 21:00 15/11/2015 01:00 15/11/2015 05:00 15/11/2015 09:00 15/11/2015 13:00 15/11/2015 17:00 15/11/2015 21:00 16/11/2015 01:00 16/11/2015 05:00 16/11/2015 09:00 16/11/2015 13:00 16/11/2015 17:00 16/11/2015 21:00 17/11/2015 01:00 17/11/2015 05:00 17/11/2015 09:00 17/11/2015 13:00 17/11/2015 17:00 17/11/2015 21:00 18/11/2015 01:00 18/11/2015 05:00 18/11/2015 09:00 18/11/2015 13:00 18/11/2015 17:00 18/11/2015 21:00 19/11/2015 01:00 19/11/2015 05:00 19/11/2015 09:00 19/11/2015 13:00 19/11/2015 17:00 19/11/2015 21:00 20/11/2015 01:00 20/11/2015 05:00 20/11/2015 09:00 20/11/2015 13:00 20/11/2015 17:00 20/11/2015 21:00 21/11/2015 01:00 21/11/2015 05:00 21/11/2015 09:00 21/11/2015 13:00 21/11/2015 17:00 21/11/2015 21:00 22 /11/2015 01:00 22 /11/2015 05:00 22 /11/2015 09:00 22 /11/2015 13:00 22 /11/2015 17:00 22 /11/2015 21:00 23/11/2015 01:00 23/11/2015 05:00 23/11/2015 09:00 23/11/2015 13:00 23/11/2015 17:00 23/11/2015 21:00 24/11/2015 01:00 24/11/2015 05:00 24/11/2015 09:00 24/11/2015 13:00 24/11/2015 17:00 24/11/2015 21:00 25/11/2015 01:00 25/11/2015 05:00 25/11/2015 09:00 25/11/2015 13:00 25/11/2015 17:00 25/11/2015 21:00 26/11/2015 01:00 26/11/2015 05:00 26/11/2015 09:00 26/11/2015 13:00 26/11/2015 17:00 26/11/2015 21:00 27/11/2015 01:00 27/11/2015 05:00 27/11/2015 09:00

-5.000 °C

C o m fo rt ba n d

PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Analysis servations

iews and site observations, the lights in the at the field studies that were by done by eaching Space are monitored motion Students, andtoAyelet, and learned ed that it isMeital possible manually switch nairesfor thatplaying the building ooms videos gets and overheated lessons that h temperature have been user no wever, the teammay observed that due theretowere the wellShared as causing artificial lights ing vents, lights as at the Teaching Space.

The h posters blocking daylight fromthe entering that they would normally leave lights on eses wereusing confirmed on site as illustrated pt when the projectors. h temperatures may also be the lack of e ventilation which is operated by ms and sharedsystem, teaching space are relatively sensors. h lots of primary colored arts and posters ms. The light-medium brown wooden walls es, we applied similar but methodology f warmth to thea spaces, at the same ments, which included collecting spot ghtness of the atmosphere.

When the team system and placing dataloggers in similar take daylight lux spot measurements, it was wed the team to analyze our field data in ms would not be functional within a meter studies, draw our on ownanconclusions, tsthe NW elevation overcast dayand in . areas directly under the clerestory show a however, the dark blue cabinets along that ributing the incoming due to its low that guided thedaylight studies: her thing to note is that while the space under daylighting potential, positioning of the terior laid out?

Are the the occupants ace being as the main learning/ thefrom natural lightused conditions, the natural need for a circulator path between cabinets that relocating the cabinets to another wall ctice heating,into ventilation ectly affecting below thethe clerestory learningand and ay not to have been predicted at the design ideal effectively take advantage of the tial covering of windows, different surface s, blocking or diverting the flow of heating o mind is how much would changing the h the lighting level of the classrooms? iews, there’s a disparity between thermal room anotherheight (with the Corner ng thetowindow to an additional 0.5 to resolve this gare of ways the classrooms?

Is itissue? worth it considering ot a significant heat gain since it is NW facing) th good ventilation system and adaptive ideal; however, if there are limitations m,e on should airtightness lower tobrighter the other hand isbe relatively xibleness of ventilation i.e.well no as o its southeast glazing system, façade as noise pollution; mechanical failure of the g material. It would benefit from addressing errors like blocking etc. /off light switches forvent this openings, space, especially ccupied throughout the day. To reduce orate more adaptive opportunities for t would be ideal to have the ceiling lights the clerestory windows orrespond to the densityopenable)? and schedule of s also crucial for this space since it does get E glazed façade, with April to September in being the strongest as illustrated by sunpatch ion diagrams on Fig. 062-063, respectively.

the bathrooms also contribute to the overall this space, preventing this area to be in a of the space. The team speculates that the nhance the daylighting potential of this room ad of straight down.

Pa u l Classroom

O u t doo r T e m pe rat ure

T e m pe ra t u re

A le x Classroom

T e m pe ra t u re

S h a re d T e a c h in g T e m pe ra tu re

Data Logger recordings for all three spaces from Nov. 09 to Nov. 11, 2015

Based on teacher interviews, there’s a disparity between thermal comforts from one classroom to another revealed that even though airtightness coupled with the good ventilation system and adaptive opportunities N could be ideal. However, limitations to the ventilation system, airtightness might have to be lower to compensation the inflexibleness of the system Daylight // Base Case - Current Peformance

User Behavior // Vent Blockage Poor Daylight Distribution

200 L ux 180 L ux 160 L ux 140 L ux 120 L ux 100 L ux 80 L ux 60 L ux 40 L ux 20 L ux

Corner Classroom vent blockage 1 User error: Vent blockage

FIG. 064.

Middle Classroom vent blockage 1

Illuminance lux spot measurements for Middle (red) Classroom and Corner (green) Classroom

Daylight // Point-in-time illuminance

Illuminance, Lux

FIG. 075.

Corner Classroom vent blockage 2 User error: Posters on glazing

Middle Classroom vent blockage 2

<100

03/21 12:00 Overcast >2,000 Corner Classroom vent blockage 3

03/21 12:00 Clear Sky

24

FIG. 065. Point-in-time daylight analysis diagrams showing current building performance during different months and sky conditions Middle Classroom ventdaylight blockage 2

02 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol

OL

HYPOTHESES TESTING Base Case: Design Intent (with MVHR, analyzed with no heating on nor extra vent)

might and mpare e and mal

n stion t the

Case 1: Design Intent + 0.5 meter NW glazing height increase

eiling

Fig. 076.

e L

Thermal Analysis Case 2 Proposed Intervention Strategies

m

5.42 C To 5.43 C

Mar Jan Apr Feb

26.00 C 20.00 C Comfort Band 26.00 C 20.00 C

Case 2: Design Intent + 0.5 meter NW glazing height increase + Openable NW Clerestory windows (existing orientation) for Warm Period natural ventilation

BASE CASE : DESIGN INTENT Corner Classroom

Middle Classroom

Ti CASE : Heat Gain INTENTTi BASE DESIGN

16.70 CClassroom 875.10 W Corner 17.20 C Heat 913.06 Ti GainW

Shared Teaching Space

Heat Gain

Ti

17.50 C 880.33 W Middle Classroom 18.20 C Heat 926.55 Ti GainW

Heat Gain

13.80 C 699.16 Shared Teaching Space W 15.10 C Heat 802.12 Ti GainW

8.11 C C 26.00 C C 20.00 C C 20.70 C 977.87 W W 22.00 1007.40 W 19.60 C C 956.23 5.42 26.00 20.00 16.70 C 875.10 17.50 C C 880.33 W 13.80 699.16 W W 10.03 C 26.00 C C 20.00 C C 23.50 C 1048.27 25.20 1103.65 22.00 C 1000.26 W 5.43 C 26.00 20.00 17.20 C 913.06 W W 18.20 C C 926.55 W W 15.10 C 802.12 W 14.35 C 26.20 C C 20.20 28.50 C 1098.27 30.50 C C 1176.87 W 25.80 C 955.91 W W 8.11 C 26.00 20.00 C C 20.70 C 977.87 W W 22.00 1007.40 W 19.60 C 956.23 16.75 C C 26.83 C 20.83 C 31.40 C C 1139.55 W 33.80 1238.50 27.50 C C 897.11 W 10.03 26.00 C 20.00 C 23.50 1048.27 W 25.20 C C 1103.65 W W 22.00 1000.26 W CASEC & + 0.5 VENTILATION 19.87 C3 : DESIGN 27.67 INTENT C 21.67 C WINDOWS 34.30 C 1122.60 W W 36.60 1212.72 W (SHADED 31.10APR-OCT) C 935.40 14.35 26.20 C 20.20 C 28.50H C + NATURAL 1098.27 30.50 +C CSE CLERESTORY 1176.87 W 25.80 C 955.91 W W Corner Classroom Middle Shared Space 19.41 C 27.78 C C 21.78 C 33.40 C 1086.65 W 35.30 C 1155.06 W W 29.40 C Teaching 1031.06 W 16.75 C 26.83 20.83 C 31.40 C 1139.55 W 33.80 C Classroom 1238.50 27.50 C 897.11 W To Comfort Band Ti Heat Gain Ti Heat Gain Ti Heat Gain 16.09 C 26.91 C 20.91 C 29.30 C 1028.01 W 30.90 C 1072.99 W 28.30 C 1014.35 W 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 34.30 C 1122.60 W 36.60 C 1212.72 W 31.10 C 935.40 W

May Mar Jun Apr Jul May

Aug Jun Month Sep Jul 5.42 C 27.78 904.18 927.31 751.83 Oct 12.19 C 26.1126.00 C C 21.78 20.1120.00 C C 33.40 24.2016.70 C C1086.65 935.92 W 25.3017.80 C C 1155.06 950.96 W C 918.46 W Aug Jan 19.41 C C C C W W 35.30 C W W 23.20 29.4013.90 C C 1031.06 W W 5.43 C26.00 C 20.00 942.08 965.63 879.24 Nov 8.17 C C C 19.6017.10 C C1028.01 890.25 W W 20.50 C 899.55 W W 28.30 17.0015.30 C C 1014.35 731.76 W Sep Feb 16.09 C 26.9126.00 C 20.9120.00 C C 29.30 C W 30.9018.30 C C1072.99 W C W W 1015.08 1049.93 20.10 1068.89 Dec 6.62 C8.11 C26.00 C C C 24.20 17.1020.70 C 861.82 W W 25.30 18.5022.10 C C 866.75 W 14.50 C C 639.54 W Oct Mar 26.1126.00 C C 20.00 20.1120.00 C C 935.92 W C 950.96 W W 23.20 C 918.46 W W Fig. 078.12.19 C Thermal Analysis CASE 2CProposed Intervention Strategies C26.0026.00 C 20.0020.00 23.40 1078.56 25.00 1120.99 22.60 1115.94 Analysis Nov Apr 8.1710.03 C C C C 19.60 C CParameters 890.25 W W 20.50 C C 899.55 W W 17.00 C C 731.76 W W C26.0026.20 C20.0020.20 1115.42 1161.57 21.80 1052.78 Occupancy Dec May(person) 6.6214.35 C C C C 17.1021.60 C30 C 861.82 W W 18.5021.60 C30 C 866.75 W W 14.50 C15 C 639.54 W W CASE 2:C DESIGN & + 0.5 H 1140.38 + NATURAL VENTILATION(SUMMER) Table 03. Area Analysis CASE 2 INTENT Parameters Jun Thermal 16.75 26.83 C 20.83 C WINDOWS 24.10m2 CParameters W 24.10m2 C 1185.42 W 23.70 m2 C 975.17 W Floor 57.44 57.44 112.59 Analysis Corner 27.20 Classroom Middle Classroom Shared Teaching Space Jul 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C C 1131.83 W 27.20 C 1178.28 W 27.10 C 1025.69 W Glazing Area(person) 14.40 17.29 24.84 Month To Comfort Band Occupancy 30 m2 30 m2 15 m2 CASE 2 : DESIGN INTENT &+C 0.5 H 1117.88 + NATURAL Ti WINDOWS Heat Heat Heat Aug 27.78 C 21.78 26.60 C Gain W Ti VENTILATION(SUMMER) 26.70 C Gain 1167.67 W Ti 112.59 27.60 C Gain 1151.44 W Window to Floor Area19.41 C 25.07% 30.10% 22.06% Floor Area 57.44 m2 57.44 m2 m2 Classroom Middle C Classroom Shared Teaching Space W Jan Sep 5.42 C16.09 26.00 C26.91 20.00 C20.91 CCorner 16.40 C23.00 883.22 W W C CComfort C C 1067.08 W 17.30 17.29 23.00 C885.851110.19 W 13.9024.84 24.10 C751.83 1137.56 W Month To Band WindowArea Orientation NW/SE NWm2 S/SKY Glazing 14.40 m2 m2 Heat GainW Ti Heat GainW Ti Heat GainW Feb Oct 5.43 C12.19 26.00 C26.11 20.00 C20.11 C Ti 17.00 C C C C C 24.40 C927.90979.75 W 18.0029.83 25.70W/K C937.58 1013.70 W 15.3054.27 23.70W/K C879.24 1023.80 W Envelope Heat Loss 34.94 W/K Window to Floor Area 25.07% 30.10%885.85 W 22.06%751.83 W Jan 5.42 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 16.40 C 883.22 W 17.30 C 13.90 C Mar Nov 8.11 8.17 C 1003.98 1027.98 1068.89 26.00 C 20.00 C 20.60 0.1 19.70 C 929.30 W 21.90 0.1 21.00 C 963.37 W 20.10 0.1 17.10 C 791.79 W ac/h Infiltration ac/h ac/h Window Orientation NW/SE NW S/SKY Feb Dec 5.43 C 6.62 26.00 17.00 C 927.90895.13 W 18.00 C 937.58924.70 15.30 C 879.24 W Apr 10.03 C26.00 20.00 C 1085.96 1135.62 W 1115.94 C C 20.00 C 23.50 17.70 C W 25.20 19.00 Cm2 W 22.60 14.20 C Heat Loss Coefficiency 1.35 W/K m2 1.27 W/K 0.74 W/K m2 677.16 W Envelope Heat Loss 34.94 W/K 29.83 W/K 54.27 W/K Mar 8.11 C 26.00 20.00 C 20.60 1003.98 1027.98 W 20.10 C 1068.89 May 14.35 26.20 C 20.20 21.70 C Analysis 1143.78 W 21.90 C 1217.66 21.80 1052.78 W Ventilation & Infiltration Heat Loss 42.69ac/h W/K Parameters 42.84ac/h W/K 29.05 W/K 0.1 ac/h Infiltration Apr 10.03 C 26.00 20.00 23.50 0.1 C 1085.96 25.20 0.1 1135.62 W 22.60 1115.94 Jun 16.75 26.83 C 20.83 C 24.50 1195.55 W 24.80 C 1286.64 23.70 C 975.17 W (person) 30 30 15 TotalOccupancy HeatCoefficiency Loss (Daily) 77.63 W/K 72.67 W/K 83.32 W/K Heat Loss 1.35 W/K m2 1.27 W/K m2 0.74 W/K m2 May 14.35 26.20 20.20 21.70 C 57.44 1143.78 21.90 1217.66 21.80 C 112.59 1052.78 Jul Floor Area 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.50 1171.90 27.70 C 57.44 1257.55 27.10 1025.69 m2 W m2 W m2 W Extra Ventilation (Natural Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Ventilation & Infiltration Loss 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K W/K JunGlazing 16.75 C Heat 26.83 20.83 24.50 1195.55 24.80 1286.64 23.7029.05 975.17 Aug 19.41 27.78 C 21.78 C 26.70 C 17.16 1130.82 26.80 C 19.74 1193.28 27.60 C 31.11 1151.44 Area m2 W m2 W m2 W Total Heat Loss (Daily) 77.63 W/K 72.67 W/K 83.32 W/K Jul Window 16.09 19.87 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.50 1171.90 W 27.70 C 1257.55 27.10 1025.69 Sep C Area26.91 20.91 23.00 C 1062.77 23.00 1101.66 W 24.10 C 27.63% 1137.56 W to Floor 29.87% 34.37% Extra Ventilation (Natural Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h AugWindow 19.41 C 27.78 21.78 26.70 1130.82 26.80 1193.28 27.60 1151.44 W Oct 12.19 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.10 C 955.09 W 25.10 C NW/SE 964.92 W 23.70 C 1023.80 Orientation NW/SE S/SKY Sep 16.09 C 26.91 C 20.91 C 23.00 C 1062.77 W 23.00 C 1101.66 W 24.10 C 1137.56 NovEnvelope Heat 8.17 Loss 26.00 20.00 19.40 900.94 20.30 907.27 17.10 791.79 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K W Oct 12.19 C 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.10 C 955.09 W 25.10 C 964.92 W 23.70 C 1023.80 DecInfiltration6.62 26.00 20.00 17.40 18.20 14.20 0.1867.35 ac/h 0.1869.82 ac/h 0.1 677.16 ac/h W Fig. 079.

Thermal Analysis CASE 3 Proposed Intervention Strategies NovHeat Loss 8.17 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 19.40 C 1.40Parameters 900.94 20.30 C 1.30 W/K 907.27 17.10 C 0.79 W/K 791.79 Analysis Coefficiency W/K m2W m2W m2W DecVent (person) 6.62 C Heat 26.00 20.00 C 17.40 C30 42.69 867.35 18.20 C3042.84 869.82 14.20 C1529.05 677.16 Occupancy & Infiltration LossC W/K W W/K W W/K W CASE 3 : DESIGN INTENT & + 0.5 WINDOWS H + NATURAL VENTILATION + SE CLERESTORY (SHADED APR-OCT) TableArea 04.

Thermal Analysis CASE 3 Parameters Chart XX. Shading Study for CASE 3 Analysis Parameters Floor 57.44 m2 57.44 74.80 m2 W/K 112.5988.78 m2 W/K Total Heat Loss 80.45 W/K Corner Classroom Middle Classroom Shared Teaching Space 35Month .00 Area C Occupancy 30m2 30 m2 15m2 To Comfort Band Glazing 17.16 19.74 31.11 Extra (person) Vent (Natural Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Shading Study for CASE 3 Heat VENTILATION Gain Ti+ SE CLERESTORY Heat Gain(SHADEDTi CASE 3 : DESIGN INTENT & + 0.5 WINDOWSTiH + NATURAL APR-OCT)Heat Gain Floor Area 57.44 m2 W/K m2 57.44 m2W/K m2 112.59 m2W/K m2 Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% Comfort Band Heat Loss Coefficiency 2.69 2.79 1.25 Time 30 .00 JanC 5.42 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 16.70 CClassroom 904.18 W 17.80 C 927.31 W 13.90 C 751.83 Corner Middle Classroom Shared Teaching Space W Room Location Glazing Area 17.16 m2 19.74 m2 W/K 31.11 m2 W/K Morning Noon 3PM Month To Comfort Band Window Orientation NW/SE NW128.55 S/SKY Vent & Infiltration Heat Loss 116.84 W/K 81.50 Outdoor T o FebC 5.43 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 17.10 C Heat 942.08 18.30 C Heat 965.63 15.30 C Heat 879.24 Ti GainW Ti GainW Ti GainW Middle Classroom Clerestory APR to AUG MAR to SEP 2 5 .00 Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% Envelope Heat Loss 37.76 W/K W/K 31.96 W/K W/K 59.73 W/K W/K Total Heat Loss 154.60 160.51 141.23 Corner Classroom Clerestory Clerestory APR to AUG MAY to JULY Mar 8.11 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 20.70 1015.08 22.10 1049.93 20.10 1068.89 Jan 5.42 16.70 C 904.18 W 17.80 C 927.31 W 13.90 C 751.83 W Window Orientation NW/SE NW S/SKY Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h Corner Extra Vent (Natural Ventilation) 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h SE Windows SEP to FEB 2 0 .00 Apr 10.03 20.00 C 23.40 1078.56 25.00 1120.99 22.60 1115.94 FebC 5.43 C 26.00 C 17.10 C 942.08 W 18.30 C 965.63 W 15.30 C 879.24 W Classroom Corner Classroom Clerestory Envelope Loss 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Heat Loss Heat Coefficiency May 14.35 26.20 C 20.20 21.60 C 1115.42 W 21.60 1161.57 W 21.80 C 1052.78 W Mar 8.11 C 26.00 20.00 C 20.70 1015.08 22.10 C 1049.93 20.10 1068.89 15 .00 C Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K Vent & Infiltration Heat Loss Base Case Jun 16.75 C 26.83 C 20.83 C 24.10 C 1140.38 W 24.10 C 1185.42 23.70 C 975.17 W Apr 10.03 26.00 20.00 23.40 1078.56 25.00 1120.99 W 22.60 1115.94 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Heat Loss 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Total HeatCoefficiency Loss 10 .00 JulC 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.20 1131.83 W 27.20 1178.28 27.10 1025.69 May 14.35 26.20 20.20 21.60 C 1115.42 21.60 C 1161.57 W 21.80 C 1052.78 W Case 1 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K Vent & Infiltration Loss 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h Aug 19.41 27.78 C 21.78 C 26.60 1117.88 W 26.70 1167.67 W 27.60 1151.44 Jun 16.75 C 26.83 20.83 24.10 C 1140.38 24.10 C 1185.42 23.70 C 975.17 W 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Total Heat Loss 5 .00 C Coefficiency Case 2 Heat Loss 2.69 W/K m2 2.79 W/K m2 1.25 W/K m2 Sep 16.09 26.91 C 20.91 23.00 1067.08 23.00 C 1110.19 W 24.10 1137.56 W Jul 19.87 C 27.67 21.67 C 27.20 C 1131.83 W 27.20 1178.28 27.10 C 1025.69 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Extra & Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Vent Infiltration Loss Oct 12.19 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.40 979.75 W 25.70 C 1013.70 23.70 C 1023.80 AugC 19.41 C 27.78 21.78 26.60 C 1117.88 26.70 1167.67 W 27.60 1151.44 W 0 .00 Case 3 Heat Loss 2.69 W/KW/K m2 2.79 W/KW/K m2 1.25 W/KW/K m2 Total HeatCoefficiency Loss 154.60 160.51 141.23 Nov 8.17 C 26.00 20.00 19.70 C 929.30 W 21.00 C 963.37 W 17.10 C 791.79 W Sep 16.09 26.91 C 20.91 C 23.00 1067.08 23.00 1110.19 24.10 1137.56 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Vent & Infiltration Loss 35 .00 C (NaturalHeat 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h Extra Vent Ventilation) Dec 6.62 C 26.00 20.00 17.70 C 895.13 W 19.00 924.70 W 14.20 677.16 W Oct 12.19 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.40 979.75 25.70 C 1013.70 23.70 C 1023.80 Total Heat Loss 154.60 W/K 160.51 W/K 141.23 W/K Analysis Parameters NovC 8.17 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 19.70 C 929.30 W 21.00 C 963.37 W 17.10 C 791.79 W 30 .00 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h Extra Vent (Natural Ventilation) Occupancy (person) Dec 6.62 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 17.70 C30 895.13 W 19.00 C30 924.70 W 14.20 C15 677.16 W 2 5 .00 C Floor Area 57.44 m2 57.44 m2 112.59 m2 Analysis Parameters Middle Glazing Area(person) 17.16 19.74 31.11 Occupancy 30m2 30 m2 15m2 2 0 .00 C Classroom Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% Floor Area 57.44 m2 57.44 m2 112.59 m2 15 .00 C WindowArea Orientation NW/SE NW/SE S/SKY Glazing 17.16 m2 19.74 m2 31.11 m2 Base Case Envelope Heat Loss 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% 10 .00 C Case 1 Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h Window Orientation NW/SE NW/SE S/SKY 5 .00 Loss C Heat Case 2 Heat Coefficiency 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Envelope Loss 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K Vent & Infiltration Heat Loss 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0 .00 C Case 3 Total Loss HeatCoefficiency Loss 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Heat 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Vent Loss 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K 30 .00 & CInfiltration Shading Study for CASE 3 Heat Loss 2.69 W/K m2 2.79 W/K m2 1.25 W/K m2 Total HeatCoefficiency Loss 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Time Room Location Morning Noon 3PM 2 5 .00& CInfiltration Vent Loss 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Shading Study forto CASE Middle Classroom Clerestory APR AUG3 MAR to SEP Total Loss HeatCoefficiency Loss 154.60 160.51 141.23 Heat 2.69 W/KW/K m2 2.79 W/KW/K m2 1.25 W/KW/K m2 Time Corner Classroom Clerestory Clerestory APR to AUG MAY to JULY Room Location Shared 2 0 .00 & CInfiltration Morning Noon 3PM Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h Vent Loss 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Corner Classroom Clerestory SE Windows SEP to FEB Teaching

Case 3: Design Intent + 0.5 meter NW glazing height increase + Openable Clerestory windows for Warm Period natural ventilation + Re-orienting Clerestory window to SE for extra solar heat gain for Cold Periods + Solar control for SE Clerestory to prevent overheating in the Warm Period and glare from direct sun.

Nov to Mar

d

Jan Month Feb

Comfort Band

Apr to Sep

er d ow

To

Apr toApr Septo Nov Sep toNov Marto Mar

cy

Thermal Analysis Case 2 Parameters

Month

Apr to Apr Sep toNov Sep toNov Mar to Mar

d be d h.

Table. 01.

Total Heat Loss 15 .00 C Extra Vent (Natural Ventilation)

154.60 W/K 4.0 ac/h

160.51 W/K 4.0 ac/h

Space

141.23 W/K 4.0 ac/h

Middle Classroom Corner Classroom Clerestory Corner Classroom Clerestory

Base Case

10 .00 C

Case 1

5 .00 C

Case 2

0 .00 C

Case 3 JAN

FEB SPRING TERM

MAR

APR

MAY JUN SUMMER TERM

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT NOV AUTUMN TERM

DEC

CASE 1

Increase W/F Ratio

CASE 2

Increase W/F Ratio Summer Natural Vent.

CASE 3

Increase W/F Ratio Summer Natural Vent SE Clerestory Clerestory Shading

FIG. 080.

25

Hypotheses Testing Diagram & Result Thermal Analysis comparing Base Case to 3 other cases // Comparative analysis between the three classrooms

Clerestory Clerestory SE Windows

APR to AUG APR to AUG SEP to FEB

MAR to SEP MAY to JULY

55

N

HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Solar Analysis

Incident Solar Radiation on Courtyard Glazing

D e sign Re s e ar c h

MArch SED 2016

N

HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Solar Analysis By looking at Incident Solar

COURT YARD GLAZING The team wanted to test how the existing overhang is performing by looking at Incident Solar Radiation on the glazing, specifically at the south facing façade at the courtyard. We can see that the overhang is performing quite well here, with 50% of solar radiation compared to having no overhang in June and slightly more solar radiation in the COURT YARD GLAZING Thewhich team wanted test how the existing performing winter, wouldtoreduce heating load overhang in winterisslightly (Figby062).

Radiation on the glazing, specifically at the south facing UDI <100 Lux façade at the courtyard, we can see PLAY AREA GLAZING The overhang at the Northwest façade has a lesser effect. We can see that the overhang is performing that there is little difference between the three different scenarios (Fig. 063) quite well, with 50% less of solar However, the analysis does show that the zigzag overhang is slightly compared to having no more effective than radiation the straight overhang.

It equalizes solar radiation for each classrooms, compared with the straight overhang where the in which June and slightly inner two classroomsoverhang would get less solar gain, could cause problems since we know from the Care Taker that this Classroom Wing has the same thermostat zone.

But looking at the small in kWh/the winter. more solar radiation m2 differences, the cost and benefit might not be convincing, but the

BASE // with Overhang

No Overhang

Incident Solar Radiation on Courtyard Glazing BASE // with Overhang

No Overhang

looking at Incident Solar Radiation on the glazing, specifically at the south facing façade at the courtyard. We can see that the overhang is performing quite well here, with 50% of solar radiation compared to having no overhang in June and slightly more solar radiation in the winter, which would reduce heating load in winter slightly (Fig 062).

PLAY AREA GLAZING The overhang at the Northwest façade has a lesser effect. We can see that there is little difference between the three different scenarios (Fig. 063)

However, the analysis does show that the zigzag overhang is slightly more effective than the straight overhang. It equalizes solar radiation for each classrooms, compared with the straight overhang where the inner two classrooms would get less solar gain, which could cause problems sincedoes we know Care Taker that thisofClassroom zigzag overhang add from to thetheoverall aesthetic the building.

Wing has the same thermostat zone. But looking at the small kWh/ m2 differences, the cost and benefit might not be convincing, but the zigzag overhang does add to the overall aesthetic of the building.

MARCH 1 - 31

36.76 kWh/m 2

MARCH 1 - 31

41.30 kWh/m 2

36.76 kWh/m 2

JUNE 1 - 30

41.30 kWh/m 2

25.57 kWh/m 2

JUNE 1 - 30

25.57 kWh/m 2

52.27 kWh/m 2

DECEMBER 1 - 30

15.31 kWh/m 2

13.88 kWh/m 2

ANNUAL TOTAL:

377.50 kWh/m 2

487.50 kWh/m 2

52.27 kWh/m 2

UDI 100-2000 Lux

15.31 kWh/m 2

DECEMBER 1 - 30

FIG 062.

40

ANNUAL TOTAL: Incident solar radiation on Kitchen Courtyard glazing FIG 062.

0

377.50 kWh/m 2

Incident solar radiation on Kitchen Courtyard glazing

13.88 kWh/m 2

487.50 kWh/m 2

Incident Solar Radiation on Glazing (Courtyard)

N

HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Lighting Analysis

Daylight // Base Case - Current Performance

UDI >2000 Lux

Materials were chosen carefully to match the existing conditions as closely as possible in order to yield more accurate simulations for analysis. Below is a list of the material reflectance used in the daylight model for base case as well as material alteration for the proposed refurbishment case. Simulations were ran to test the performance of the existing daylight conditions and find ways to improve it. Fig. 069 compares the Base Case to Case 1, which is increasing the window to floor ration by raising the glazing by 0,5 meter. We can see that this does have a positive impact on the daylighting potential of the N classrooms, with & a 6% daylightSCHOOL autonomy increase.

OLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY NURSERY

Lighting Analysis

Daylight Simulation Material Reflectance:

sDA

300 lux [50%]

Mean DF Glare

23%

Daylight Availability

1.2% 0.0%

Corner: 15.0% Middle: 13.6% Shared: 11.1%

Corner: 15.5% Middle: 13.6% Shared: 34.4%

Daylight // Base Case - Current Peformance

Base Case Interior Surfaces Total Reflectance:

ased on occupant interviews and site observations, the lights in the assrooms and Shared Teaching Space are monitored by motion ensors. The teachers noted that it is possible to manually switch f the lights in the classrooms for playing videos and lessons that Glazing: quire the projector.

However, the team observed that there were no witches for theClerestory main ceiling lights at the Shared Teaching Space. The ceiling: 81.5% achers also mentioned that they would normally leave the lights on under 33% roughout theWood day, except whenoverhang: using the projectors.

Navy blue carpet:

5.3%

a glance, the classrooms and shared teaching space are relatively Linotium flooring: 40% ark in surface colors, with lots of primary colored arts and posters walls & ceilings:brown wooden walls33% p on the wallsWooden of the rooms.

The light-medium nd ceiling addLight a sensepanels: of warmth to the spaces, but at the same 22.8% me detracts from the brightness of the atmosphere. When the team Acoustic panels: witched off the lights to take daylight lux spot measurements, it was33.7% vident that the classrooms not be functional within a meter 27% Navy bluewould cabinet: way from the windows at the NW elevation on an overcast day in Yellow cabinet surfaces: 49% te fall/early winter. The areas directly under the clerestory show a furniture: ightly higherWooden lux level, however, the dark blue cabinets along that 38% all do not help with distributing White board the incoming daylight due to its low 82.6% flectivity (~6%). The other thing to note is that while the space under Projector screen:potential, the positioning of the82.6% e clerestory has higher daylighting abinets prohibits this space fromboards: being used as the main learning/ 12.8% Green pinup aching area, due to the need for a circulator path between cabinets pinup boards:the cabinets to another wall 6.3% nd desks. ThisBlue suggests that relocating nd turning the space directly below the clerestory into learning and19.7% Purple pinup boards: aching space would be ideal to effectively take advantage of the Posters on glazing: 84% vailable natural light.

Table tops:

nother question comes to mind is how much would changing the Chairs: avy blue carpet help with the lighting level of the classrooms?

Tables & chairs metal legs:

38% 6.3% 34.8%

200 L ux 180 L ux 160 L ux 140 L ux 120 L ux 100 L ux 80 L ux 60 L ux

Daylight // Case 1 - Increase NW glazing by 0.5m height 40 L ux 20 L ux

FIG. 064.

% Occupied Hours lux [50%] sDA 300

DaylightN// Point-in-time Mean33DF 50 0 17illuminance Glare

Illuminance, Lux

ow much would increasing the window height to an additional 0.5 eter help the daylighting of the classrooms? Is it worth it considering e potential heat loss (not a significant heat gain since it is NW facing) om such modification?

Case 3 Material Reflectance Changed Total Reflectance:

he Shared Teaching Space on the other hand is relatively brighter an the classrooms due to its southeast glazing façade as well as e lighter (beige) flooring material. It would benefit from addressing e issue of having no on/off light switches for this space, especially hen this space is fully occupied throughout the day. To reduce Gray carpet: 19% ectricity consumption, it would be ideal to have the ceiling lights Lighter wall finish: 50% n different switches to correspond to the density and schedule of ccupants. Solar control is also crucial for this space since it does get rect sunlight from the SE glazed façade, with April to September in e (morning/afternoon) being the strongest as illustrated by sunpatch agrams and solar radiation diagrams on Fig. 062-063, respectively.

he two skylights next to the bathrooms also contribute to the overall stribution of lighting in this space, preventing this area to be in a arker contrast to the rest of the space. The team speculates that the kylights would further enhance the daylighting potential of this room they were splayed instead of straight down.

44

Illuminance lux spot measurements for Middle (red) Classroom and Corner (green) Classroom

Daylight Availability

29% 671.2% 83 0.0%

Corner: 27.0% Middle: 20.7% Shared: 10.8%

100

Corner: 27.4% Middle: 20.7% Shared: 34.4%

<100

03/21 12:00 Overcast >2,000

03/21 12:00 Clear Sky

FIG. 065. Point-in-time daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance during different months and sky conditions

FIGURE 069.

Daylighting Analysis : Case Studies 26

Annual climate-based daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance

02 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol N

PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Analysis

Daylight // Base Case - Current Peformance

rviews and site observations, the lights in the Teaching Space are monitored by motion oted that it is possible to manually switch ssrooms for playing videos and lessons that owever, the team observed that there were no eiling lights at the Shared Teaching Space. The d that they would normally leave the lights on cept when using the projectors.

200 L ux

ooms. The light-medium brown wooden walls e of warmth to the spaces, but at the same brightness of the atmosphere. When the team to take daylight lux spot measurements, it was oms would not be functional within a meter at the NW elevation on an overcast day in he areas directly under the clerestory show a l, however, the dark blue cabinets along that istributing the incoming daylight due to its low other thing to note is that while the space under er daylighting potential, the positioning of the space from being used as the main learning/ he need for a circulator path between cabinets ts that relocating the cabinets to another wall directly below the clerestory into learning and be ideal to effectively take advantage of the

160 L ux 140 L ux 120 L ux 100 L ux

ting Analysis

Daylight // Case 2 = Case 1 + Re-orient clerestory to SE 80 L ux

60 L ux

40 L ux 20 L ux

FIG. 064.

Hours = 2232 hours

Illuminance lux spot measurements for Middle (red) Classroom and Corner (green) Classroom

sDA

[50%] % Occupied Hours 300 lux

Mean DF DaylightN// Point-in-time 0 Glare17illuminance 33 50

8:00 – 16:00 upant from 9:00 – 15:00 s to minddensity is how much would changing the with the lighting level of the classrooms? n hour before and after)

3) achieved the

meeting the criteria for 50% of time pace on the other hand is relatively brighter UDI ).

50%glazing façade as well as e to its100-2000, southeast

ring material. It would benefit from addressing

Daylight Availability

48%

1.8% 67 0.0%

83

Corner: 46.2% Middle: 52.7% Shared: 11.1%

100

Corner: 46.7% Middle: 55.6% Shared: 34.2%

Illuminance, Lux

iod: September 5th to July 21st

asing the window height to an additional 0.5 ting of070. the classrooms?

Is it worth it considering Fig. the proposed solution (Case (not a significant heat gain since it is NW facing) ?d target of:

180 L ux

N

oms and shared teaching space are relatively NITY PRIMARY &posters NURSERY SCHOOL with lots CE of primary colored arts and

on/off of lightthe switches for is thiswell space,daylit especially 53% space for half of the occupied occupied throughout the day. To reduce Factor of 1.9% n,Mean it wouldDaylight be ideal to have the ceiling lightsand Glare of 0.0% of the correspond to the density and schedule of urs

ol is also crucial for this space since it does get e SE glazed façade, with April to September in n) being the strongest as illustrated by sunpatch iation diagrams on Fig. 062-063, respectively.

to the bathrooms also contribute to the overall in this space, preventing this area to be in a est of the space. The team speculates that the enhance the daylighting potential of this room stead of straight down.

<100

03/21 12:00 Overcast

03/21 12:00 Clear Sky

FIG. 065. Point-in-time daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance during different months and sky conditions

>2,000

Daylight // Case 3 = Case 2 + lighter carpet & walls sDA

300 lux [50%]

Mean DF

Daylight Availability

53% 1.9% 0.0%

SPRING TERMGlare

112

Corner: 52.7% Middle: 56.7% Shared: 35.0%

30.00 C

Proposed Case Daylighting Analysis Result

Corner: 52.2% Middle: 53.8% Shared: 11.8%

SUMMER TERM

AUTUMN TERM

25.00 C

20.00 C

15.00 C

FIGURE 070.

10.00 C

Annual climate-based daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance

5.00 C

0.00 C

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

WINTER STRATEGIES Increase W/F Ratio SE Clerestory SUMMER STRATEGIES Natural Ventilation Shaded Clerestory

Thermal C

o m fo rt B a n d (per EN 15251)

Corner Classroom

FIG. 081.

27

Middle Classroom

Outdoor Temperature Shared Teaching Space

Proposed Intervention CASE 3 // Comparative analysis between the three classrooms

Proposed Case Thermal Analysis Result

A s s e sment Summar y HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Refurbishment Summary

Increase glazing height by 0.5m for daylighting

relocate trees and add another row of bleacher benches to make both sides sittable 58

Fig. 082.

add a sittable edge to vegetable planters for outdoor reading and quiet play

re-orient clerestory for better daylight access and increase solar gain in winter

Section Perspective view showing proposed interventions and the relationship between adjacent outdoor spaces, classroom, shared

teaching space, and the kitchen courtyard.

PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT SUMMARY The Holy Trinity Primary School is an excellent example of refurbishment with a tight schedule and budget.

The Architects and Engineers have achieved a great amount while balancing function and aesthetic.

After in-depth analysis, we discovered several things that can be improved if given a more relaxed schedule and budget. These strategies would bring the high indoor temperatures during the warm period into the comfort band and increase the indoor temperature during the cold period by 1-2K. The building would still

need some heating during the cold periods, but the heating load would be reduced.

By implementing these refurbishment proposals, the Key Stage 2 Classroom Wing would reduce energy consumption by about 50% from artificial lighting and close to free-running for heating and cooling. Consequently, the school will significantly save operational cost over time and reduce CO2 emissions, while providing students with a more adaptive and natural learning environment.

28

บุ ญ แล้ ว ทู น หั ว ได้ ผ ั ว ขี ่ ฟ ิ ก ซ์

Funny Mod Thai Proverb: Girl! Just how lucky you are dating a fixie guy!

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

03 Wo h e r D e r : B i c y c l e H o s t e l Udonthani | Thailand

The project started with an intense discussion between owners and the designers on developing this deserted four storey office building in the heart of Udon Thani. The conclusion to converted this building into hostel came after considering the growth of tourism business, size and interior space, and limitation and potential of the building location.

Hostels are getting more popular in Thailand not only because they are affordable but also the friendliness of staff and guests

29

which bring the opportunity to get to exchange idea and thoughts with new and interesting people. Hostels have become unique temporary community space.

Bicycles are popular among all ages in Thailand. Udonthani urban concept aims to convert the city to be bicycle friendly as to be more sustainable and for the people's health. Udonthani is also a prime destination of both Trek and Touring cyclist. The project is bound to finish in the 4th quarter of 2017.

Rice Field

Living Area

Kitchen

Bedroom

Pr e f ac e & C onc ep t

ent

Basem

Conceptual Diagram

DESIGN CONCEPT : I-SARN STYLE The design concept aims to recreate a local North-Eastern (I-Sarn) lifestyle which is beautifully unique. The mentioned lifestyle would be medium through local materiality, the order of functions, and furniture.

The design will portrait the relation of tight-knitted farmer community byrecreate the spaces where the

local usually gather. The use of the vivid plastic item and bold colour Pa-Koa-Ma boost the atmosphere of the chaotically simple way of life.

Funny Proverbs appear on walls also illustrate the view of the life of I-Sarn people who always work-hard in high spirit even though encountering rough patches.

30

2 FLOOR PLAN

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

G FLOOR PLAN

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

PRELIMINARY 01 15 JULY 2015

PRELIMINARY 01 15 JULY 2015

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

SECTION SECTION03 03

1st Floor Plan

SECTION SECTION04 04

ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR

LIVING LIVING AREA AREA

CAFE CAFE

31

OFFICE OFFICE

44 BED BED FEMALE FEMALE DORM DORM

LIVING LIVING AREA AREA

1010 BED BED MIXED MIXED DORM DORM

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

PANTRY PANTRY

ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR

ENSUIT ENSUIT 0202

HALLWAY HALLWAY

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

Ground Floor Plan

66 BED BED MIXED MIXED DORM DORM

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 15/203 St.Louis St.Louis Grand Grand Terrace Terrace Condo, Condo, Sathorn Sathorn 11, 11, South South Sathorn Sathorn RD., RD., Sathorn, Sathorn, Yannawa, Yannawa, Bangkok Bangkok 10120 10120

WC WC

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

WC WC

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

GARDEN GARDEN

KITCHEN KITCHEN

PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY 0101 1515 JULY JULY 2015 2015

HALLWAY HALLWAY

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

CAFE CAFE

BICYCLE BICYCLE HOSTEL HOSTEL UU DD OO NN TT HH AA NN I I

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

3 FLOOR PLAN

ROOF TOP FLOOR PLAN

D e sign O u t c ome

PRELIMINARY 01 15 JULY 2015

PRELIMINARY 01 15 JULY 2015

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

2ndFloor Plan

SECTION SECTION 0101

Rooftop Floor Plan(s)

SECTION SECTION 0202

Section(s)

STORAGE

STORAGE

ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR

ENSUITENSUIT ROOMROOM

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

4 BED 4 BED MIXEDMIXED DORm DORm

4 BED 4 BED MIXEDMIXED DORm DORm

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY LIBRARY LIBRARY BOARDBOARD

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

BICYCLE BICYCLE PARKING PARKING FOYERFOYER

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY 01 01 15/203 St.Louis 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Grand Terrace Condo, Condo, 15 JULY15 2015 JULY 2015 Sathorn Sathorn 11, South 11, Sathorn South Sathorn RD., RD., Sathorn,Sathorn, Yannawa, Yannawa, BangkokBangkok 10120 10120

LIVINGLIVING AREA AREA

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

BICYCLE BICYCLE PARKING PARKING

4 BED 4 BED FEMALE FEMALE DORM DORM

CAFE CAFE

WC

WC

WC

WC

GARDEN GARDEN

32 BICYCLE BICYCLE HOSTEL HOSTEL U DU O D N O TN HT AH NA IN I

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

FAĂ&#x2021;ADE & INTERIOR DESIGN Bamboo is the primary material of facade design; not only because it can be plentifully found locally and cheap in price but is also show the identity of the I-Sarn architecture.

33

The steel structure and building elements were chosen because it is flexible and lightweight which is a suitable material for creating tweaks in renovation project

D e sign O u t c ome

Construction Detail

34

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m)

Wild Bamboo Dia35-40 mm

Wild Bamboo Dia35-40 mm

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m)

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m)

35

4th Floor Faรงade Detail

D e sign O u t c ome

Wild Bamboo Dia35-40 mm

Rubber Gasket 3mm thickness (Size TBC by Architect)

Bolt & Nut (Size TBC by Architect)

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m) Bolt & Nut (Size TBC by Architect)

Bamboo Installation Detail 36

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

Entrance Area {Proverb: Sleep with me, free WiFi}

Lobby

Lobby

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D e sign O u t c ome

First Floor Common Area { Proverb: The rider behind is also my bud}

Second Floor Common Area {Proverb: Earn one's keep}

Stair to Rooftop Bar {Udontopia}

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0 4 | L ab or at or y R ama t hib o de e H o spi t al

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Faรงade Design

Pr e f a c e

04 Laboratory Ramathibodee Hospital Phyathai, Bangkok | Thailand

Laboratory design is a very sensitive kind because it requires the understanding of function and equipment, as well as basic maintenance methods to be able to achieve well-fitted layout, materiality and styles of furniture. The major problem occurred on this project was the lack of this set knowledge by the designers causing the design to fail upon installation. Additionally, the construction work in the hospital is likewise sensitive. The work needed to be scheduled according to the hospital working hours, particularly, to control of the construction noise to the level that it would not disturb the patients, especially the nearby Psychology Department.

Because of these issues, Abbott Laboratories, the main donator of this renovation, hired the consultant to coordinate with the contractor and designer to complete the project correctly and within the deadline. The consultant responsibilities covered; • • • • • •

site and construction work inspection Arranging weekly and monthly meetings with the contractor, the users, and the designers Re-organising work schedule Discussing with the designers regarding design revision Resolving construction and equipment installation issues Prepare documentation

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05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e

41

Faรงade Design

Pr e f a c e

05 S34 Residence

Sukhumvit, Bangkok | Thailand The Swiss-German, Mr Kundert, bought this impressive home on Sukhumvit 34 street, Bangkok Central as a retirement home for himself and his family. While loving Thai culture and tropical climate, Mr Kundert wished to add European sense to the house as to accentuate the identity of his mix-cultured family.

The scope of work covered renovating the already in good condition house by featuring exterior, interior and landscape design while providing fitted spaces for Mr Kundert's

beloved collection of Scandinavian style furniture which each piece of furniture has a unique character. To save cost, the structure which was ideally in good condition were all maintained. The designer pulled out the old identity of the existing house and mixed them together with the contrast modern style by displaying the first-floor timber structure and add details of steel frames to reinforce the structure. While keeping the whole skeleton of the house, the atmosphere and appearance have been altered to the clients' taste.

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05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e

Ground Floor Plan

1500ltr WATER TANK

Game Room Outdoor Dining

Living Room

Dinning Room

Tea Room

Guest Room

POOL MECHANICAL ROOM*

First Floor Plan

1st Floor Plan

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com Project: S34 Residence 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Owner: Mr. Stefan Kundert Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Location: Sukhumvit 34 Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

MIX & MATCH The proposed design concept is to provide a showroom for the piecesof-art items of furniture while still keeping the cosy feeling. Despite loving Asian antiques and decorative detail, Mr Kundert also loves the

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com Project: S34 Residence 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Owner: Mr. Stefan Kundert Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Location: Sukhumvit 34 Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

43

pattern of minimalism and functional design. These contradictory ideas of the house had become a great challenge to work with from the start to the end.

2nd Floor Plan

D e sign O u t c ome

Detail

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05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e

45

Canopy Detail

D e sign O u t c ome

Stairs Detail 46

05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e Tropical meets Scandinavian

LANDSCAPE DESIGN In the process of landscape design, the old mature tree was examined.

The concept is to control the colour mood which matches with the simplicity of the exterior design by choosing plants that bare white, green, and red allow the garden to

47

look refreshing and yet look minimal and stylish. The texture and layout are based on natural by implementing raw stone, unpolished pebble, and shaped rotten timber to create natural ambience.

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Landscape Plan-Central Zone

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ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

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0 6 | L ondon Far mhou s e

London Farmhouse Conceptual Section, MA in Archirecture Thesis 49

Pr e f a c e

06 London Farmhouse Edible Micro City London | UK “When I have bacon, I don’t go home and fry them in my own pan.

That way I might get fed, but I’ll take it to the village kitchen and see how many people could be fed” - Brandy Gallagher (O.U.R Eco Village founder) Are we the only intelligent creature?

Ants could develop an efficient working system in the colony.

The system is simple; ants do not act individually; they behave according to the needs of the colony.

Every single ant works strictly on designated responsibilities, and when unexpected events happen, they all together adapt to the situation. Like ants, men used to have "Spirit of Village" which is the way of commune living where the

members of society think about the well-being not only of themselves but the whole community.

In Utopia, every year, a group of people would be sent to a countryside to learn how to maintain agriculture land. Each group would spend 2 years working and teaching the new crews.

Utopia is a perfect example of how urban agriculture could work; The project aims to deliver an architecture that can fulfil agriculture purpose allowing people to switch from insecure life style to a new way of subsistence living. This EdibleArchitecture uses maximum space efficiency to produce food at its full capacity. Each part of the building is to be used for farming.

Utopia as depicted by Thomas More

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0 6 | L ondon Far mhou s e

REVERSED ENERGY PYRAMID Ecological system is simple yet effective nevertheless. The widely recognised system is the energy pyramid which shows a proportion and relation of and between members in any ecological cycle.

London Farmhouse Concept 51

However, using this arrangement directly might not be the answer.

Consider energy use in transport food and items up and down the height of the building to flip the system upside down could allow time and energy saving in transportation.

Pr o gr ammin g

Shared Local Food Resource in Canada Water

Canada Water, London 2013

Canada Water, London as Edible City

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0 6 | L ondon Far mhou s e

NATURE & PHYSICS The imitation of tree branches used in this project is a mass form developed from the idea of leaning tower using the ancient knowledge of Japanese pagoda and the physic of the centre

53

of gravity. The advantages of the tree branchesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; property do not only allow sunlight to get into each floor but also create a structure which transfer loads down to the ground systematically.

D e sign Re s e ar c h & O u t c ome

Reservoir

Vegetation Farm

Fish Farm

Livestock Ranch 54

E x t r a s | L ight ing D e sign E x ample s

The Pavillion, Khoa-Yai

Werachai Residence, Chian Mai

Kiri Villa, Phuket

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E x t r a s | Int er ior D e sign E x ample s

3x3x3 House, Bangkok

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C ur r ic ulum V I t a e 2017

VA R U N YA Y O O N J A R U N YA R O J ARCHITECT & ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN SPECIALIST AREAS OF EXPERTISES Environmental Design/ Environmental Design Assessment Architectural Design/ Research / Programming Construction management / Inspection Architectural Presentation / Documentaion

CONTACT

Linkedin: https://goo.gl/RLSk2V

EDUCATION

Email: varunyr.jr@gmail.com Mobile(TH): +66(0)814013139

MArch in Sustainable Environmental Design [Distinction] 2015-2017 Architectural Association School of Architecture (London, UK)

LANGUAGE Thai English

Native C1 (Proficient)

CERTIFICATES 2008 - Present Licensed Architect : ภ-สถ14289 (Architect Council of Thailand) TOOLS & SKILLS 2D/3D Render Graphic Lighting Design Environmental Design Documentation

Autocad Archicad Rhino Sketchup VRay Indesign Illustrator Photoshop Dialux Energy Plus DIVA Ladybugs (GH Honeybees (GH) Flow Design Microsoft Office

MA in Architecture [Merit] 2012-2013 University of Westminster (London, UK) BArch 2004-2009 Silpakorn University (Bangkok, TH) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Ricepopper Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2015 - Present Co-Founder 2013 - 2015 Architect and Board member Project Programming | Clients Relation | Design and Construction Consultation | Architectural Design | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management DRBJZ Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2010 - 2011 Architect Project Programming | Architectural Design | Construction Detailing | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management F.O.S Lighting Design Studio (Bangkok) 2009 - 2010 Junior Lighting Designer Design | Construction Detailing | Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection