Complete Work Examples 2004-2017_Varunya J by Varunya Yoon Jarunyaroj

VA R U N YA J A R U N YA R O J Architect

Environmental Design Specialist

PORTFOLIO 2017

Int r o duc t ion

Academic | Professional Background

Va r u n y a Yo o n J a r u n y a r o j Architect & Environmental Design Specialist MArch in Sustainable Environmental Design (Distinction) 2015-2017 Architectural Association School of Architecture (London, UK) MA in Architecture (Merit) 2012-2013 University of Westminster (London, UK) BArch 2004-2009 Silpakorn University (Bangkok, TH) Ricepopper Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2015 - Present Co-Founder 2013 - 2015 Architect and Board member Project Programming | Clients Relation | Design and Construction Consultation | Architectural Design | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management DRBJZ Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2010 - 2011 Architect Project Programming | Architectural Design | Construction Detailing | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management F.O.S Lighting Design Studio (Bangkok) 2009 - 2010 Junior Lighting Designer Design | Construction Detailing | Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection *Please see full Curriculum Vitae on page 92

B ac kgr oun d

2007 - 2017 PROJECT(S) LIST Academic | Environmental Design & Assesment 2017

Rethinking HDB Flat: Applicable Design for Public Housing Singapore

2016

Urban Patch: Sustainable Living @ Diespeker Place

London

2015

Holy Trinity Primary School {Assessment}

London

Professional | Architectural Design 2015

PRE-FAB Living Units

N/A

2015

Woher Der: Bicycle Hostel

Udonthani

2015

Abbott Laboratory Ramathibodee Hospital {Consultancy} Bangkok

2014

S34 Residence

Bangkok

2014

18-80 House

Bangkok

2014

3x3x3 House

Bangkok

2013

Plain-Plane: Modular House for Disaster Victim

N/A

2010

The Sarena Phattanakan {CM}

Bangkok

2010

Huahin Ville

Hua Hin

2010

D Varee Diva Huahin

Hua Hin

2010

Issara House

Bangkok

2009

Kiri Villas

Phuket

2009

Ananta Villas

Phuket

2009

Kuiburi Residence

Pranburi

2008

Khun Tarin Residence

Surin

Professional | Architectural Lighting Design 2010

Werachai Residence

Chiangrai

2008

The Pavillion

Khoa-Yai

2008

Siam Kempinski

Bangkok

2008

The Creek

Khoa-Yai

2008

iBuilt

Bangkok

2008

U House {Inspection}

Bangkok

Academic | Architectural Design Thesis 2013

London Farmhouse: Edible Micro City

London

2007

Renovating Dusit Zoo: Life long Lesson

Bangkok

Int r o duc t ion

iii

Mani f e s t o

Introduction

Manifesto

The neccessity of sustainable environmental design â&#x20AC;&#x153;Sustainable design is crucial, but why should sustainable assessment be a necessity in architectural design?â&#x20AC;? People in history have been using buildings as a mean to shelter themselves not only from harm but also displeasure caused by weather. Because of this, vernacular architecture evolved in the way that they would withstand the climate and help differentiate indoor comfort from the outdoor discomfort. While the severity of climate circumstances and condition is getting larger due to the irrefutable global warming, the role of architecture in assisting people to cope with the weather is, in contrast, getting smaller. People nowadays instead turn

to the convenient of technologies which provide energy-consuming solutions for heating and cooling and available within reach of a dime. Although most of the architects were taught to work with the concern of climate condition, the fight to extend the simple yet proven knowledge using rules of thumb will no longer suffice as people do not see the need to acclimate. Without proper tools to evaluate the effectiveness of the methodologies, the guesswork provides no assuring to convince clients. The sustainable environmental design analysis will provide solutions for this issue by using concrete data to ensure them that the solutions are optimum.

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

01 Rethinking HDB Flat

Applicable Design of Public Housing in Singapore Bedok, Singapore | Singapore In the tropical environment, high level of heat and humidity are primary factors that make air conditioning become a popular yet high-energy-consuming solution for internal cooling for the majority of urban households. With the rising trends in global warming, continued increase in air conditioning usage has become serious environmental concerns over the past decades, calling for the need to rethink of a more sustainable solution to low-energy consuming and environmental-friendly living space.

Pr e f a c e

The dissertation proposed a sustainable, energy-efficient, free-running design solution for hi-rise residential buildings in Singapore. It is based on theoretical studies, simulations and supporting empirical experiments. The proposed approach uses the combination of design and materials to minimise impacts from humidity while leveraging the benefits from relatively mild temperature for cooling. The solution can be achieved through integrating sustainable design strategies to optimise thermal and daylighting performance, with effective moisture control strategies.

Indoor Strategies 02

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

MArch SED 2016

1.1 CLIMATE AND COMFORT ANALYSIS

IMATE AND COMFORT ANALYSIS

5 mm

4 mm

3 mm

250250 250

1 m/s 0m/s

]

JA N FEB MA R APR MA Y JU N JU L A UG SEP OCT NO V DE C

E 112.50 135.00 202.50 S

1 m/s 1 m/s 1 m/s

0 0 ble W a ter [mm ] P rec ipita 0 2] 2] [Wh/m [Wh/m 2 [Wh/m ] l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] G lo ba

0m/s 0m/s 0m/s

D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] R ela tive H u m idity [%]

Annual Average Data Temperature 27 C Mean Drybulb Max Drybulb Temperature Relative Humidity 83 % Min Drybulb Temperature

l Average Data Drybulb Temperature ve Humidity

MAR

After 2015 S inga p o:reBrunelli, A irp .

FEB

MAR

APR

70%

70% 247.50 247.50 247.50 60% 60% 225.00225.00

112.50 112.50 112.50

202.50 202.50 202.50 S

135.00 135.00 135.00 157.50 157.50 157.50 S

157.50 S

112.50

135.00 157.50

3.0

2.0

1.0

135.00

Sun Path Sun Path N

6 mm 6 mm 5 mm 5 mm 4 mm 4 mm

337.50 345.00

N 337.50

22.50

22.50 45.00

45.00

292.50

247.50

3 mm 3 mm

247.50

225.00

67.50

112.50 225.00 202.50

200 W200 in d [m /s ] /s ] WdinSdpee S pee d [m W in d S pee d [m /s ] Global 3 m/s M150 ea n150 On uOtdoo r T rem pera tu re ] Global M ea u tdoo T em pera tu [°C re [°C ] 3 m/s M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] M aMx im u mu M n On uOtdoo r T rem pera tu re [°C ] ] a x im m ea M ea u tdoo T em pera tuDiffuse re [°C 2 m/s M a x im u100 m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tuDiffuse re [°C ] M100 in u mu M n On uOtdo or Torem pera tu re ] 2]m/s Mim in im m ea M ea u tdo T em pera tu [°C re [°C M in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu re [°C ] 50 1 m/s C oCmofomrtfoBrta Bn adn[°C ] ] d [°C 1 m/s C o m50 fo rt B a n d [°C ] 0 bleble P rec ipita W aWter [mm ] ] P0rec ipita a ter [mm 0m/s 2 W a ter [mm ] P rec[Wh/m ipita ble ] 0m/s 2 [Wh/m G loGba l HloHrizo riz o n otanlta R laRdia tiontion [W [W h /m ] 2] lo] ba a dia h 2/m G lo ba l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] D iffu s e sHe oHrizo riz o n otanlta R laRdia tiontion [W [W h /m ] 2] D iffu a dia h 2/m D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] R ela tivetive H uHmuidity [%][%] R ela m idity R ela tive H u m idity [%]

MAY

JAN

FEB

JULM A R Y C L IMJUN AT E S UM

AUG

MAR

SEP

APR

OCT

MAY

NOVC

MAY

30 JUN

JAN

JUL

FEB

AUG

MAR

SEP

APR

OCT

MAY

NOV

JULM A R Y L IMJUN A TDEC E S UM

202.50 S

157.50 S

135.00 157.50

112.50

135.00

W in d S pee d [m /s ] W in d S pee d [m /s ] M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] M a x im u m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu M a x im u m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C M in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu r M in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu re [°C C o m fo rt B a n d [°C ] C o m fo rt B a n d [°C ] P rec ipita ble W a ter [mm ] P rec ipita ble W a ter [mm ] G lo ba l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] G lo ba l H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] D iffu s e H o riz o n ta l R a dia tion [W h /m 2 ] R ela tive H u m idity [%] R ela tive H u m idity [%]

31 C 25 C

JUN

DEC

30 20 25 15 20 10 15 5 10 0

5 A V E R A G E W IN D S P E E D [m /s ] A V E R A G E D A IL Y D IF F U S E H O R IZ O N T AL S O L A R R A D IA T IO N [

AUG

SEP

OCT

The research by Jitkhajornwanich, K. (2006) AUG claimed SEP that OCT people tend to adapt and feel that the extra 2-3K above comfort band range is positively acceptable. Furthermore, the upper comfort band could be extended by 2K. Therefore the upper comfort band range used in this project is 1K wider than the ASHRAE 55 standard A V E R A G E D A IL Y D IR E C T H O R IZ O N T A L

NOV

DEC

NOV

DEC

S inga p o re A irp .

35 25

80%

250

202.50

5.0

4.0

112.50 225.00

6.0

S inga p o re A irp .

35 p o re A irp . S inga

225.00

27 C 31 C Max Drybulb Temperature 83 % 25 C Min Drybulb Temperature

C L IM A T E S U M M A R Y

APR

W 80%

7.0

HUMIDITY AND COMFORT IN TROPICAL CLIMATE

0 (Below) rt Analysis Chart Brunelli, 2015 FEB

90%

247.50

>= 9.0

8.0

345.00

67.5067.50 67.50

67.50

Fig. 9 In Singapore, (Above) there are little changes in temperature In Singapore, there are little changes in temperature level and level and Climate analysis of Singapore in precipitation level across precipitation level across seasons throughout the year. The monthly seasons throughout the year. The monthly currentmean and predicted situation average mean minimum temperature is around 27°C, while the average minimum average temperature is around 27°C, while the average In Singapore, there are little changes alland year round.are This25°C information maximum and 30°C respectively. The climate analysis and maximum are 25°C and 30°C respectively. The climate analysis in temperature and precipitation indicates that by treating thethat indoor chart (Figure 9-10) shows the overall outdoor air temperature is chart (Figure 9-10) shows that the overall outdoor air temperature is level throughout the year. The overall relative humidity issue there isThis a information leads to the question usually within the comfort band. usually within the comfort band. This information leads to the question outdoor air temperature is usually lot of possibilities to decrease airof why nearly 80% of households in Singapore own air-conditioners. of why nearly 80% of households in Singapore own air-conditioners. As discussed earlier in the introduction section, the information given on within the comfort band. However, conditioner usage to being freeAs discussed earlier in the introduction section, the information given on Figure 9 suggests that the constant average high humidity at 83% is a the10 humidity is quite average high high running. Figure 9relative suggests that the constant humidity at 83% is a Fig. (Below) cause for the high demand for air-conditioners. C L IM A T E S U M M A R Y cause for the high demand Comfort Analysis Chart for air-conditioners.

(Above) e analysis of Singapore in t and predicted situation

90%

225.00

200200 W200 in d S pee d [m /s ] Global Global 3 m/s 150 3 m/s M150 ea n150 O u tdoo r T em pera tu re [°C ] Global 3 m/s M a x im u m M ea n O u tdoo r T em pera tuDiffuse reDiffuse [°C ] 100100 2 m/s 2 m/s Diffuse M100 in im u m M ea n O u tdo or T em pera tu re [°C ] 2 m/s

22.5022.50 22.50 45.0045.00 45.00

15°C

250

C o50m50 fo 50 rt B a n d [°C ]

N 337.50 337.50 337.50 345.00 345.00 345.00

m/s

45.00

67.50

Sun Path Sun Path Sun PathN N

292.50 292.50 292.50

157.50

JA N F EJAB N JA N M AFRE B FEB AM P RA R MA R M AA YP R A PA RY M JU N MA Y JUJUL N JU N JU A UG L JU L S AE UP G A UG O CS TE P OS VEC PT NO O C TV DNE O C NDOE VC DE C

6 mm 6 mm 6 mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 4 mm 3 mm 3 mm 3 mm

67.50

Min

Wind Speed

2 m/s

15°C

45.00

20°C

Min

247.50

Wind Speed

3 m/s

Diffuse

225.00 225.00 225.00 202.50 202.50 202.50

22.50

Wind Speed Wind Speed Wind Speed

Global

Wind Speed

25°C

22.50

Avg Avg

247.50 247.50 247.50

20°C

Horizontal Solar Radiation Horizontal Solar Radiation Horizontal Solar Radiation

<=0.00

Sun Path 337.50

25°C

157.50

Max Max

22.50

292.50

Precipitation

202.50

30°C

N 337.50

337.50 345.00

345.00

Precipitation

6 mm

Precipitation

135.00

Relative Humidity Relative Humidity Relative Humidity

MinMin Min

Precipitation Precipitation Precipitation

15°C 15°C345.00 15°C 292.50 90% 90% 90% 80%80% W 80% 70%70% 70% 247.50 60%60% 60% 225.00

2.00 1.00

225.00

20°C 20°C 20°C

Avg 3.00 Avg Avg

m/s

45.0045.00 45.00

345.00

30°C W W

4.00

112.50

25°C 25°C 25°C

MaxMax Max 5.00 6.00

247.50

Min

7.00

m/s m/s >=10.00 >=10.00 >=10.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 67.5067.50 8.00 7.00 7.00 67.50 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.005.00 5.00 E E 5.004.00 4.00 E 4.00 3.00 3.00 112.50 112.50 3.002.00 2.00 112.50 2.001.00 1.00 1.00 135.00 135.00 <=0.00 <=0.00 135.00 <=0.00 157.50 157.50 157.50 S

22.5022.50 22.50

JA N FEB JA N MA R FEB APR MA R MA Y APR JU N MA Y JU L JU N A UG JU L SEP A UG OCT SEP NO V OCT DE C NO V DE C

Avg

67.50

292.50 292.50 292.50

Outdoor Temperature

Max

35°C

8.00

345.00 345.00 35°C

Relative Humidity

Outdoor Temperature Outdoor Temperature Outdoor Temperature

292.50

>=10.00 9.00

Relative Humidity

30°C 30°C 30°C W

m/s 45.00

Horizontal Solar Radiation

22.50

Horizontal Solar Radiation

337.50 345.00 35°C 35°C 35°C

N 337.50 337.50 337.50

Outdoor Temperature

Prevailing Wind Prevailing WindN

C lim a tWind e A n a ly s is : Singapore Prevailing C lim a t e Prevailing A nWind a ly s isWind : Singapore 2050 Prevailing

C lim a t ea tAe nAanlyaslyiss :isSingapore C lim : Singapore C limPrevailing a t e A n aWind ly s is : Singapore 2050

C lim a t e A n a ly s is : Singapore

A V E R A G E W IN D S P E E D [m /s ] A V E R A G E D A IL Y D IR E C T H O R IZ O N T A L S O LA R R A D IA T IO N A V E R A [k G EW Dh/m A IL²]Y D IF F U S E H O R IZ O N T AL S O L A R R A D IA T IO N [

JUL

[k W h/m ²]

S O LA R R A D IA T IO N

The research by Jitkhajornwanich, K. (2006) claimed that people tend to adapt an feel that the extra 2-3K above comfort band ran is positively acceptable Furthermore, the upp comfort band could b extended by 2K. Therefore the upper comfort band range use in this project is 1K wid than the ASHRAE 55 standard

Pr o gr ammin g

Comfortable with Natural ventilation Cooling or Dehumidification needed

Psychrometric chart analysis confirms that dehumidification is required in order to achieve a comfortable environment. Optimum Range

Bar width indicate level of effect Bacteria Viruses Fungi Mites Respiratory infections

*insufficient data

Allergic Rhinitis & Asthma Chemical interactions Ozone production 10

A healthy relative humidity range could neutralise adverse health effects caused by moisture.(Source: Arundel et al. ,1986)

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

RETHINKING HDB FLAT : Applicable Design of Public Housing in Singapore

Fig. 22 Materials properties and the application diagram

6v Vapour Water Insulation

Low permea Heat

possible while hygroscopicity is although unnecessary but desirable. It means that if these building elements get in contact with the water in any form, the transfer of moisture content would be slow or halted, however, in the case that the parts have absorbed water, it is better if they could release the water quickly. Next, it is preferable for typical CONTROL internal walls to have high PASSIVE HUMIDITY hygroscopicity while moderate to low capillarity and permeability are acceptable as their chances of exposure to water are considerably low. the ability to absorb and let water through should be kept at the minimum. (please see strategies diagram on page 1) Applying mesh surfaces on openings Finally, the breathability requirement for external walls is ideally The passive dehumidifier useshigh could trap thewhich incoming moisture unique. Initially, they should have hygroscopicity means they would beproperty able to dry quickly but alsocontent have lowwhile capillarity so that when hygroscopicity of salt to draw still allowing adequate it rains, they will not absorb water. High permeability is highly required

water out from the air and collect ventilation. them in the water chamber and will Using unfired clay brick as wall sidesat of the the walls. theThe ideal aspect of the property be reused farm However, and toilet. material willexterior allow wallsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; moisture buffering is that it should only work one-way. When the humidity level inside is only maintenance needed is refilling which would help distribute higher, the walls should transfer moisture content from inside to outside, and onchamber the other hand, theaproperty to shift andhumidity stop the transfer the salt once in while. ought maintain level. when the condition is reversed.

OUT

When the humidity inside is higher IS HIGHER 17

OUT

When the humidity inside is lower IS LOWER

Fig. 23 Exterior wall property diagram

able Design of Public Housing in Singapore

D e sign Re s e ar c h

Community Activities @ Forecourt & Hygro Skin Application 40% RH

MArch SED 2016

45% RH ROOF

EXTERNAL WALL

ROOF

Rice hull insulated concrete slab

Rendered unfired clay brick with shutter

Rice hull insulated concrete slab

U Value

0.5 W/m2K

U Value

FLOOR

Single clear 6mm

U Value

W/m2K

3.1

Rendered unfired clay brick with shutter U Value

0.8

W/m2K

Concrete (Dense) U Value

W/m2K

STRUCTURE

Concrete and Bamboo laminate U Value 0.8 W/m2K

INTERNAL WALL

Rendered unfired clay brick 1.3

0.5 W/m2K

FLOOR

GLAZING

0.6

Rendered unfired clay brick

Single clear 6mm

U Value

1.3

W/m2K

GLAZING

W/m2K

3.1

W/m2K

Accordingly, the main selection of materials Fig. 24 regarding their individual breathability requirement are: Material Selection

Accordingly, the main selection of materials regarding their individual breathability requirement are:

Dense concrete is commonly selected for building structures, especially in high-rise buildings because of its strength and handy application. Dense concrete is considered not breathable; it would be used as a structural element and foundation where the impact from water and vapour should be minimal. ● Timber Timber usually absorbs and release moisture quickly, but it does not allow the transfer through. In this project, the main sources of timber are renewable rubber ash and bamboo which grow well in Thailand and Malaysia. ● Unfired Clay Brick Stufy The internal and external walls feature unfired clay brick as the main structure combined with lime rendering and appropriate cladding. Unfired clay brick is similar to traditional brick, but its production using radiation from the sun to dry instead of fire or manufactured heat causes them to have a lot less embodied carbon. They dry quickly and importantly let vapour transfer through. Nevertheless, the capillarity level of unfired clay brick alone is high and therefore a suitable render is needed. ● Hygro-skin This composited material allows the possibility to create the ideal property for external walls. Hygro-skin is a climate responsive material which was a part of FARC Centre Oelean done by a team from The ICD from University of Stuttgart in 2013. The way hygro-skin works is simply by using the property of a thin layer of wood which has a natural mechanism to quickly change its shaped in response to the humidity level. This property in a natural setting could be seen in pine cones which could change their outer skin shape according to the dampness in the air as shown in Figure 25. The application of hygro-skin on the external walls as seen in Figure 26 and 27 would create an automatic adaptability to slow down or stop moisture buffering when the humidity outside gets higher.

55% RH

65% RH

Fig. 25 Hygro-Skin Source: Menges et al., 2013

70% RH

0.6

U Value

EXTERNAL WALL

Fig. 25 Hygro-Skin Source: Menges et al., 2013

75% RH

Hygro-Skin Base Idea (Source : Menges)

60% RH

W/m2K

Concrete (Dense) U Value

INTERNAL WALL

50% RH

0.8

STRUCTURE

Concrete and Bamboo laminate U Value 0.8 W/m2K

Fig. 24 Material Selection

MArch SED 2016

HYGRO - SKIN : CLIMATE RESPONSIVE CLADDING Hygro-skin is a climate-responsive shape responding to the humidity Fig. 26 (Above) material studied by a team from level as seen in natural pine cones. HowTheHygro-Skin work of hygro-skin on The ICD, University of Stuttgart. The application Source: al., would 2013create an way hygro-skin works is simply by Menges the externaletwalls using the property of a thin layer of automatic adaptability to allow and wood which could quickly change its stop moisture buffer

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Forecourt 07

D e sign C onc ep t

Occupant Activities at Shared Balcony

BRINGING PEOPLE CLOSER In a traditional Malaysian Kampong verandas are always the liveliest areas. The shaded spaces are visually connected to streets and used for the majority of daytime activities. The verandas filter the public and private space but at the same time encourage connection

within the neighbourhood. This socio-environmental phenomenon occurs similarly in semi-open spaces in high-density residential buildings. The forecourts which connect corridors and residential units create a strong sense of security and neighbourliness.

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Dining Area

Bedroom 3

Bedroom 2

Occupants Sharing Common Area

FLEXIBILITY FOR ALL The flat design aims to achieve flexible spaces for both families and residents sharing accommodation together. The new model with the forecourt covers 110 m2 which are

about the same amount of space as the existing standard, excluding the balcony which is required for shading.

D e sign O u t c ome

RETHINKING HDB FLAT : Applicable Design of Public Housing in Singapore

7.4 INDOOR DESIGN AND ANALYSIS 7.4.1 Module design

ngapore

Fig. 136 Forecourt

and residents sharing accommodation together. The 3-bedroom type, which is the most common type, were chosen for the reason that it is the bedroom, and one convertible bedroom could provide 1) Home for a family with 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 children 2) Home for a family with a child and 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;2 elderly people The new design with the forecourt covers 110 metres2 which is about the same amount of space as the existing model, excluding the balcony which is converted from the overhang. Connected Fig. 136 to the forecourt, the common area contains the living and dining area. This furniture layout separates the living area into zones Forecourt arranged in a separate room to block the heat and moisture from cooking spreading into the joined space. The bedrooms are functional but the small size is intended to

bedroom type, encourage the occupants to use the more spacious common area. son that it is the

Fig. 137 Flexible layout diagram

110 sq. m.

eople

Family with 1-2 Children

etres2 which is , excluding the

Shared Resident

ntains the living area into zones

Family with 1-2 Children and 1 Elderly

Family with 1 and 2 Elderly

e from cooking

is intended to mon area.

Fig. 137 Flexible layout diagram

110 sq. m. 101

Family with 1-2 Children Shared Resident Family with 1 and 2 Elderly Family with 1-2 Children and 1 Elderly

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

COMFORTABLE THERMALLY AND DAY-LIT MArch SED 2016

The simulation revealed that the decrease the indoor humidity average operative temperature in all bringing it much closer to the healthy rooms is lower than the outside at range. The diagram of daylight Fig. 154 <100 shows Lux that most of the midday and stay within the comfort UDI simulation Useful Daylight Index band at all occupied times. The rooms have an adequate amount of After: DIVA, 2017 applied moisture control might daylight at the recommended level. Thermal Performane of All Room: Weekly Average JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC 900

800

700

UDI 100-2000 Lux

600

500

400 25

300

200

100

0 Average of global horizontal radiation [Wh/m2] Average of wind speed [m/s]

Average of diffuse horizontal radiation [Wh/m2]

UDIAverage >2000 Lux water [mm] of precipitable Comfort Band Range Average of MBR Temp

Average of BR3 Temp

Average of BR2 Temp

33 17

% Occupied Hours

100

Average of DBT [C] Average of LR Temp

Daylight Autonomy @ 300 lux 11

100

D e sign O u t c ome

MASTER PLANNING MATTERS The ground level is optimised building configuration will benefit for semi-public use while still all flats equally by protecting them focusing on providing amenities from high solar radiation from for the community. All spaces are the East and West. The sky-farm is connected by a covered walkway located between top storeys creating RETHINKING HDB FLATwhich : Applicable Design Housing 154 of Public is Fig. accessible by foot and in Singapore dynamic, perforated effectLux which UDI <100 Useful Daylight Index wheelchair. The North-Southward would allow the wind to get through.

MArch

After: DIVA, 2017

Covered Walkway

ental ycle R

Bic

spot

> Stop Bus tation > o t s RT S nute 2 mi utes to M n 5 mi

UDI 100-2000 Lux rea ercial A m m o C

A n Sunke

Garde

ng Seati

ing Meet

Area Park ction e Conn

arde

cal G Tropi

en n Gard

Sunke

lion

y Pavil

unit Comm

l Tropica

arden Herb G

UDI >2000 Lux

tball Baske

s Court

n Garde

Daycare

round

Playg

ield Grass F

ng an

Seati

ation

Loc p Car nd Zi

rk a

a Car P

a g Are

etin d Me

Master Plan

% Occupied Hours

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Seating Area @ The Entrance

STAY OUTDOOR | STAY COMFORTABLE With hot and humid weather plus slow average wind velocity (1.5 m/s), the ground floor area was designed to be mostly open to maximise wind movement and keep people cool and dry. The result of mPET analysis

at different spots on the ground floor revealed that most of the tested spots are comfortable most of the time which could be a result of shading from the building and vegetation.

D e sign O u t c ome

View from bicycle rental stand

Sunken Garden

Playground Spot 1 Male (35) Height 175cm Weight 75kg

Relaxing Position sitting clo. 0.2 met 1.0

^Unconfortable Hours

â&#x2013;˛ mPET Diagram showing hourly occupants comfort for the whole year mPET (Modified Physiological Equivalent Temperature) is used to analyze how changes in the thermal environment can affect human well-being including activities and outfits as factors. G LEVEL Wind Analysis on Ground Level 14

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

SKY - FARM: CITY FARMING AT REACH Sky-Farm will be one solution for food security by adding food to the system that imports more than 90% of the food. Additionally, it could provide more suitable jobs for the elderly residents who are being designated to stay in careers longer before

reaching retirement. Some of the farm areas achieve five hours of 10,000 lux which is needed for the plants to grow well and most of the area reach 5000 lux which is required to maintain a healthy growing rate.

D e sign O u t c ome

Sky - Farm creates perforated massing & allow more wind movement at high level

% occupied hours

Daylight Autonomy @ 10000 lux & Vegetable Selection

Daylight Autonomy @ 5000 lux 16

02 | Ur b an - P at c h

View from the canal

FIG. 077

Exterior rendering from across the canal showing the facade facing north during the summer period of September 21 12:00 PM (rendered in Rhino V-ray and post production in photoshop)

Pr e f a c e

02 Urban-Patch

Sustainable Living @ Diespeker Place Islington, London | UK Contrary to tackling a big site and building a mega housing project that may not fit into the surrounding finer scale building typologies, we are challenging ourselves with something small, something leftover and perhaps oddly shaped. These are plots that developers may not find interesting or worth investing due to the small scale or site constraints. We believe that these locations have great potential to stitch together the urban context and densifying neighbourhoods in the least intrusive manner. The building is lightweight as lightweight buildings perform better

in variable climate and have lower embodied carbon. The proposed building design is 30% below the Good Practice total energy consumption benchmark. The estimated annual Co2 emission from heating is 96% below than the Good Practice standard. Flexible spaces have been provided for occupants to perform different activities throughout the day, both for work, rest, and entertain. The rooftop offers a communal vegetable garden space with covered areas under the trellis and PV panels giving protections from the rain and hot summer sun.

02 | Ur b an - P at c h

Future Scenario 0

Future Scenario

7 23

Weekday Occupancy Schedule 2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Present

COMMUNITY

Moderate/Low Heat Gains 0 High23Heat Gains

COMMUNITY

2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) 18

Moderate/Low Heat Gains Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

High Heat Gains 23

Home

Work

Home

Work

Occupancy Schedule (Weekends)

Weekday Occupancy Schedule 2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Present

COMMUNITY

2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays)

2050 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays)

7 Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Future High Heat Gains Scenario

High Heat Gains Home

Work

High Heat Gains

Home

Work

High Heat Gains

Home

0 High23Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

COMMUNITY

Home

Work

2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays)

Occupancy Schedule Moderate/Low Heat Gains(Weekends)

High Heat Gains Moderate/Low Heat Gains High Heat Gains

Home 22

2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Moderate/Low Heat Gains 7 High Heat Gains Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Home

Work

Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) 2050 18

2050 Occ

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Weekend Occupancy Schedule

2050 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays)

FIG. 040 Schedule Heat Gains Moderate/Low Moderate/Low Heat Gains Proposed Future Scenario and Occupancy

Weekday Occupancy Schedule 2050

2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays)

COMMUNITY Occupancy Schedule (Weekends)

Home Work

pancy Schedule (Weekends)

Weekend Occupancy Schedule Present

2050 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Occupancy Schedule (Weekends)

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Home

COMMUNITY Occupancy Schedule (Weekends)

9 9

2050 Occupancy Schedule (W

Moderate/Low Heat Gain

High Heat Gains

Home

Work

Weekday Occupancy Schedule 2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) 2050 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Weekday Occupancy Schedule Weekend Occupancy Schedule Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) 2050 2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) 2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) 2050 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) COMMUNITY

COMMUNITY

Moderate/Low Heat Gains 22

0 High23Heat Gains

18 COMMUNITY

Home

Present

FIG. 040 Future Scenario and Occupancy Schedule Heat Gains Moderate/Low Moderate/Low Heat Gains Proposed Moderate/Low Heat Gains Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

High Heat Gains Home

Home

Work

High Heat Gains

High Heat Gains Home Work

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

Home

THE CHANGE OF ROUTINE LIFE 2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) 18

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

Home

Work

The workforce has been2015undergoing Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) a paradigm shift, where workers are encouraged to work from anywhere, and companies are starting to implement working from home part Work

FIG. 040 Schedule Heat Gains Moderate/Low Moderate/Low Heat Gains Proposed Future Scenario and Occupancy

High Heat Gains

Home

Home Work

2050 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays)

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

Moderate/Low Heat Gains Home

Moderate/Low Heat Gains 22

Work

Home

Present

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

of the2050 days or one Weekday Occupancy Scheduleto two full daysWeekend Occupancy Schedule Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) Occupancy Schedule (Weekends) 2050 2050 per week. Besides, households are becoming more dynamic, where unit sharing is becoming the norm due to the housing shortage and high rents. Moderate/Low Heat Gains

Moderate/Low Heat Gains

High Heat Gains

Home

2015 Occupancy Schedule (Weekdays) 29

Moderate/Low Heat Gains High Heat Gains Home

Sustainable Living @ Diespeker Place

MAKING USE OF LEFTOVER SPACES

Pr o gr ammin g

Design Brief

The project started with the team’s desire to explore solutions to Islington was chosen due to its vibrancy address London’s housing shortage crisis. With the help from lessons learnt from Copper Lane and SED 2014-2015 Term 2Project, Millennium and abundance of analytical socialstudies amenities which Chill, the team began initial to identify the optimal parameters and adaptive strategies to create a package of simple site selection criteria and general design guidelines. boost the area to become a favourite spot main goal for our term project is to design well-tailored and wellforThe creatives. However, theatmospheres, area is lit young homes that are affordable, flexible, with high quality and situated within well-connected neighborhoods with easy access to public transportation and amenities. becoming increasingly more gentrified. We UDI >2000 Lux We do not define affordable housing in the traditional sense, where the identified abeshortage affordable building would the cheapest of to build. It is affordablehousing in the sense that investors, which will be the residents’ employers, will subsidize the rent. the area and would like to implement within are particularly interested in re-using and re-positioning the thisWe project in the neighbourhood. soon-to-be obsolete single storey small garages/storage units that are scattered throughout London OR small vacant lots that are undesirable by developers due to size and shape of the lot, identified on Figures 027-028.

TheThisteam discovered many single-storey, term project aims to increase the density of the built environment while not drastically altering the character of the neighborhood. The small garages scattered throughout goal is to densify carefully and softly, taking into consideration the the surrounding needs and using existing neighborhood patterns as a guide. sum, we like tosmall design using contextual area asInwell aswould some vacant lotsapproaches. which areThelegitimate sites. question is, how for do wepotential achieve all of the above sustainably? We proposed to look into a simple construction system that requires a low-tech system that would satisfy all the requirements of thermal insulation, cold bridging, noise protection, fire protection, security, space dimension standards, etc. In addition, various passive adaptive measures will be implemented to provide flexible control to the occupants.

% Occupied Hours 0

FIG.027

Criteria • Small (80m2 - 300m2) • Leftover space • Not suitable for functional open green space • Located in a desirable neighbourhood • Close to public transportation

Potential Sites

PotentialWhite site typology Lion Street vacant lot ~ 10x19 = 190 m2

100

Potential site location

Aerial context map showing an extent of a 15-min. walking radius from project site at Diespeker Wharf and other potential sites within the neighborhood (after Google Earth)

112

Micawber Street

Windsor Terrace

garage ~ 10x10 = 100 m2

garage ~ 5x17 = 85 m2

02 | Ur b an - P at c h

Since over 60 architectural practices are located within a 15-minute radius walking distance, young architects were chosen as potential occupants for the prototype.

5 1° 3 1’ 4 8 ” N 0° 5’ 56” W

MArch SED 2016

Fig. 154 Useful Daylight Index After: DIVA, 2017

UDI <100 Lux Angel Station

UDI 100-2000 Lux

Old Street Station

Aerial context spot map showing an extent of a 15-minute walking radius from project site at Diespeker Wharf Bicycle-shared (after Google Earth)

FIG. 041

UDI >2000 Lux

= = =

G.050

georgian / victorian buildings

= =

modern / contemporary buildings in-construction

Architecture firm location

= =

60 Architecture ﬁrms Diagram showing context building typologies (after OpenStreetMap and Google Earth) 9 Daycare centers

Diagram showing architectural ﬁrms within a 15-min. walking radius from project site (after OpenStreetMap and Google Earth)

Architecture ﬁrms Daycare centers

% Occupied Hours

FIG.051

21 FIG.051

100

Diagram showing architectural ﬁrms within a 15-m (after OpenStreetMap and Google Earth)

FIG. 044

Historical photo of Diespeker Wharf. Viewed from Graham Street (source: http://www.diespeker.co.uk/about/) Pr o gr ammin g

MArch SED 2016

UDI <100 Lux

UDI 100-2000 Lux

FIG. 045

Local landmark located next to the site

View of the restored Diespeker Wharf (source: http://pollardthomasedwards.co.uk/project/diespeker-wharf/)

UDI >2000 Lux

Site Boundary

% Occupied Hours

100

speker Place

VentilationVentilation Studies Studies

02 | Ur b an - P at c h

hting) for maximum daylighting) gmanalysis and perform eters oice. The ﬁnal parameters y compromise winter lar nt heat gain to prevent ght admittance.

Research Question: Research Question:

Can controlledCan natural controlled ventilation natural beventilation a viable option? be a viable opt

T i 20 C T i 20 C o

T i 25o C T i 26o C

T i 25o C

T i 21 C T i 21 C o

T i 26oOptions: C

Options:

A simple Passive A simple Stack Ventilation Passive Stack (PSV) Ventilation (Figure (PSV) 074) system (Figurewo 0 good for bathrooms good for and bathrooms kitchens. and Combined kitchens. with Combined openablewith wi Ventilation Ventilation Studies Studies Uses a combination Uses a of combination cross-ﬂow and of cross-ﬂow stack / buoyancy and stack (warm / buoy a and the venture and(wind the venture passing(wind over the passing terminals over the causing terminals sucti Research Question: Research Question:

Overhang (open)

Overhang (closed)

Design Proposal Design Proposal

Overhang Overhang (open) (open)

Overhang (open)

Overhang (closed)

ast al fins on the northeast es fins, the living areas T o 16o C 9ooCC T o 9o C TToo 16 d.tting In additional, admitting hting) for maximum daylighting) ves the atmospheres; gmanalysis and perform iry.day more attentively. eters oice. The final parameters PVHR (PassivePVHR Ventilation (Passive with Ventilation Heat Recovery) with Heat Recovery) nts andfeel more present and Can controlledCan natural controlled ventilation natural beventilation a viable option? be a viable opt y compromise winter Figure 075. shows Figurethe 075. ventilation shows the system ventilation designed system by Ventive designec TYPICAL SUMMER DAYTYPICAL SUMMER DAY TYPICAL WINTER TYPICAL DAY WINTER DAY lar nt heat gain to prevent o o o o isCcompletely is passive; completely the system passive; does thenot system needdoes electricity not need to r Overhang folded down Overhang 30%C T folded 30% T i 26 Options: o o folded up 100% o o Overhang Overhang upi 20 100% T i 25 C T i 25 i 26 down C Options: T T T i 20 folded C T C i 21 C i 21 C ght admittance. a stack effect, a the stack wind effect, cowl the which wind could cowl be which easily could replaced be easil old Hopper opened (30%) Hopper opened (30%) Hopper windows Hopper closedwindows closed epth overhang of 0.4m depth chimneys would chimneys provide would sufficient provide fresh sufficient air requirement. fresh air requi Main windows opened Main 50% windows opened 50% closedwindows closed ding analysis on other three Main windows Main r three A simple Passive A simple Stack Ventilation Passive Stack (PSV) Ventilation (Figure (PSV) 074) system (Figure wo 0 ast al fins on the northeast nd ve been the conducted and the good for bathrooms good for and bathrooms kitchens. and Combined kitchens. with Combined openablewith wi o o oo C es fins, the living areas oo 16 o 16 C *Bedroom doors can be T T *Bedroom opened for doors can be opened for o 9 C 9 C T T that onality has a dual functionality Uses a combination Uses a of combination cross-flow and of cross-flow stack / buoyancy and stack (warm / buoy a FIG. 074 FIG. 074 Diagram showing showing Stack the Passive Ventilation StackSystem Ventilation System d.tting In additional, admitting A small heat exchange A small heat readily exchange installed readily within installed the wind within cowlthw extra airDiagram flow the andPassive cross extra ventilation air flow and cross ventilation much pant to control how much and the venture and(wind the venture passing(wind over the passing terminals over the causing terminals sucti ves the atmospheres; (source: http://www.passivent.com/system-design) (source: http://www.passivent.com/system-design)heat from exhaust heat from air to exhaust be recovered air to back be recovered with the back intakewith fresh th Sustainable Living @ Diespeker Place orwhile still allowing for iry.day more attentively. Ventive C model Ventive for non-residential C model for non-residential space could provide space could averagp FIG. 070OperationSectional FIG. 070diagram showing Sectional the adaptiveshowing opportunities the adaptive opportunities Operation FIG. 072 Sectional diagram Sectional showing diagram the adaptive showing opportunities the adaptive opportunities on solar incident radiationFIG. 072 PVHR (Passive PVHR Ventilation (Passive with Ventilation Heat Recovery) with Heat Recovery) 4 4 diagram nts andfeel more present and -assistance helps Wind -assistance helps second litres @ per 4.0 second m/s wind @ 4.0 speed m/s(per wind 1 wind speedcowl) (per which 1 win and conditions onWind a typical and conditions summer on day a typical summer litres day per Sustainable Living @ Diespeker Place ar re 087-3 showing solar Figure 075. shows Figurethe 075. ventilation shows the system ventilation designed system by Ventive designec TYPICAL SUMMER DAY TYPICAL SUMMER DAY and conditions and on conditions a typical winter on day winter day TYPICAL WINTER TYPICAL DAY WINTER DAYa typical drive fresh air intodrive system fresh air into system be suitable forbeeducational suitable forspace. educational With the space. average Withwind the averag speed 3 3 overhang 0.4m shading of 0.4m Overhang folded Omni -directional Overhang Omni -directional is completely is passive; completely the system passive; does thenot system needdoes electricity not need to r folded downOverhang 30% folded down 30% Overhang up 100%folded up 100% per second at per the second site the at system the site should the system be able should provide be enoug able Cowl diss ipates stale Cowlair diss ipates stale air(30%) Hopper opened (30%) indow low frames and below a stack effect, athe stack wind effect, cowlthe which wind could cowlbe which easilycould replaced be easil old Hopper opened Hopper windows Hopper closedwindows closed pth overhang of 0.4m depth prewarm air for prewarm the cafeairand fordaycare the cafewith and 2daycare wind cowls with installe 2 wind to atmosphere to atmosphere chimneys would chimneys providewould sufficient provide freshsufficient air requirement. fresh air requi Main windows openedMain 50% windows opened 50% closedwindows closed ding analysis on other three Main windows Main r three space). space). nd ve been the conducted and the gthe panel folding overhang panel *Bedroom doors can be*Bedroom opened for doors can be opened for Solar Control & Night Shutter: that onality has a dual functionality FIG. 074 FIG. 074 Diagram showing showing Stack the Passive Ventilation StackSystem Ventilation System %ion solar incident radiation extra airDiagram flow the and Passive cross ventilation extra air flow and cross ventilation A small heat exchange A small heat readily exchange installed readily within installed the wind within cowlthw much pant to control how much We identified two reasonable (smallest depth for maximum daylighting) (source: http://www.passivent.com/system-design) (source: http://www.passivent.com/system-design) %outhwest façade, 10% heat from exhaust heat from air to exhaust be recovered air to back be recovered with the back intakewith fresh th Solar Control & Night Shutter: orwhile still allowing for Passive tricklePassive side vents trickle - grate sidewith ventswooden - grate door with wooden for ventilati doo options from a list of parametric solar shading analysis and perform reduction heast on the southeast Ventive C model Ventive for non-residential C model for non-residential space could provide space could averagp FIG. 070Operation Sectional FIG. 070diagram showing Sectional the diagram adaptiveshowing opportunities the adaptive on solar incident radiation FIG. 072 Operation FIG. 072 Sectional diagram Sectional showing diagram theidentified adaptive showing opportunities the opportunities thermal simulations toadaptive arrive at an optimal choice. The final parameters time opportunities ventilation) time ventilation) 4 4 We two reasonable (smallest depth for maximum daylighting) ycrease can significantly decrease -assistance helps Wind -assistance helps summer litres litres @ per 4.0 second m/s wind @ 4.0 speed m/s(per wind 1 wind speedcowl) (per which 1 win and conditions onWind a typical and conditions summer on daya typical day per second for theashading devices aim significantly compromise winter 2 2 ar re 087-3 showing solar and conditions and onconditions a typical options winter on typical day a list winter dayto notsolar from of parametric shading analysis and perform Up to 95% heat isUp recovered to 95% heat is recovered drive fresh air intodrive system fresh air into system This e is adaptive measure is be suitable forbeeducational suitable forspace. educational With the space. average Withwind the averag speed 3 3 solar gain while reducing enough summer solar heat gain to prevent o overhang 0.4m shading of 0.4m Tenoug T i site 25should C system i 26 thermal simulations to arrive at an optimal choice. The final parameters in dual -flowOmni heat-directional inexchanger dual -flowOmni heat-directional exchanger work in the bedrooms per second at per the second site the at system the the be able should provide be able overheating and still allow for sufficient daylight admittance. indow low frames and below Cowl diss ipates stale Cowlairdiss ipates stale air for the shading devices aim to not significantly compromise winter lifestyle projection. prewarm air for prewarm the cafeairand fordaycare the cafe and 2daycare wind cowls with installe 2 wind to atmosphere to atmosphere solar gain while reducing enough summer solar heat gain to prevent o with T i 26 T i 25 C Thermal simulations confirmed that the vertical fins on the northeast space). overheating and still allow for sufficient daylight admittance. o space). o o façade would notobe needed since o without the fins, the living areas ng ull down the overhang T i 22o C T i 25o C T i 25o C T o 16 C T i 22o C i would 19 C i 19 C T gthe panel folding overhang panel T i 19.5 C T i 19.5 Cand kitchen still beT in the comfort band. In additional, admitting Thermal simulations confirmed that the vertical fins on the northeast sten the two pieces the morning sun into the living spaces improves the atmospheres; %ion solar incident radiation façade would not be needed since without the fins, the living areas T o 16o C Figure thermal simulation (Figure waking people up and helping them start their day more attentively. %outhwest façade, 10% and kitchen would still be in the comfort band. In additional, admitting 1 1 Natural Air Natural Air Psychologically, the sunlight can help occupants feel more present and eriod, nt during the cold period, Passive tricklePassive side vents trickle - grate sidewith ventswooden - grate door with wooden for ventilati doo the morning sun into the living spaces improves the atmospheres; o o reduction heast on the southeast TYPICAL SUMMER DAY o 12 CBuoyancy drives T odrives TToo 12 ready for the day. o 6 C 6o CC Buoyancy ort of the band for majority of the time ventilation) time ventilation) Overhang folded down 30% waking people up and helping them start their day more Tattentively. ycrease can significantly decrease the process 2

the process

Psychologically, the sunlight can help occupants feel more present and Up to 95% heat isUp recovered to 95% heat is recovered Sustainable @ Diespeker Place This e is adaptive measure isLiving Furthermore, thermal simulations suggest an overhang of 0.4m depth ready for the day. in dual -flow heat inexchanger dual -flow heat exchanger over the 0.2m depth per parametric solar shading analysis on other three work in the bedrooms nt ingstrategy of combining facades. As a result, more detailed studies have been conducted and the lifestyle projection. Furthermore, thermal simulations suggest an overhang of 0.4m depth gtoable a to adjust them to a team arrived at an adjustable shading device that has a dual functionality over the 0.2m depth per parametric solar shading analysis on other three (Figure 069). It is adjustable to allow the occupant to control how much he t and amount of daylight and TYPICAL WINTER TYPICAL TYPICAL SUMMER o o o NIGHT have been conducted and the NIGHTWINTER NIGHTAs a result, ng ull down the overhang o TYPICAL o facades. o tomore o studies C SUMMERTNIGHT i 22 C T i 25 C T i 25o C T i 22 shading T is ineeded achieve thermal while still allowing for i 19.5 C T i 19.5 Cteam 19 i 19 C comfort Tdetailed T prove privacy. Overhang folded up 100% Overhang folded up 100% arrived at an C adjustable shading device that has a dual functionality Overhang folded down 100% Overhang folded down 100% sten the two pieces FIG. 070 daylight admittance. Figure 087-2 illustrates solar incident radiation (Figure 069). It is adjustable to allow the occupant to control how much Hopper windows opened (30%) Hopper windows opened (30%) Hopper windows closed Hopper windows closed Figure thermal simulation (Figure on glazing with no shading compared to Figure 087-3 showing solar 5 5 shading is needed to achieve thermal comfort while still allowing for allows for natural Fresh, pre -warmed Fresh, a irwindows enters pre -warmed a ir enters 1 1Main windows Main closed closed incident radiation on glazing with adjustable overhang shading of 0.4m Main windows closed Main windows closed eriod, nt during the cold period, Natural Air Natural Air FIG. 070 Solar Control & Night Shutter: daylight admittance. Figure 087-2 illustrates solar incident radiation room , pulled the by the room e scaping , pulled by the e scaping gducing the windows and reducing depth at 90 degree directly above the main window frames and obelow T o 12oo C 12o CBuoyancythe T odrives Buoyancy drives ofrt the band for majority of the C To 6 C T o 6solar on glazing with no shading compared to Figure 087-3 showing stale air and assisted stale byair theand wind assisted by the wind the hopper windows. during tion is We alsoidentified achieved the process the process twoduring reasonable (smallest depth for maximumincident daylighting) radiation on glazing with adjustable overhang shading of 0.4m FIG. 071 Sectional FIG. 071 diagram showing Sectional diagram adaptive showing opportunities the adaptive on opportunities on f the solar shading. FIG.solar 069 Isometric FIG. 069 diagrams and Isometric sections diagrams of overhang and sections ofand overhang FIG. 073a list ofFIG. 073 Sectional diagram Sectional showing diagram the adaptive showing opportunities the adaptive opportunities FIG. 075 FIG. 075 Diagram showing Diagram the PVHR showing system thethe PVHR system options from parametric shading analysis anddepth perform at 90 degree directly above the main window frames below access simulations show that by pulling the folding overhang panel gies mmer. for thermal winter simulations and summer. andatconditions an optimaland choice. The finalSolar parameters a typical summer night a typical summer night the windows. / night shutter in operation /June night shutter in operation onconditions a typical winter onhopper abytypical night night (source: http://www.ventive.co.uk/passive-ventilation-heat-recovery/) (source: http://www.ventive.co.uk/passive-ventilation-heat-recovery/) nt ingstrategy of combining to arrive 0.3m onwinter 21st, an average of 4% solar incident radiation for the shading devices aim to not significantly compromisedown winter falling on the glazing can be reduced on the southwest façade, 10% gtoable adjust to a a tosolar gainthem while reducing enough summer solar heat gain Solar to prevent access simulations show that by pulling the folding overhang panel T i 26o C T i 25o C reduction on the northwest façade, and 4.5% reduction on the southeast he t and amount of daylight andallow for sufficient daylight admittance. TYPICAL SUMMER NIGHT TYPICAL SUMMER NIGHT overheating and still down by 0.3m on June 21st, an average of 4% solar incident radiation TYPICAL WINTER TYPICAL NIGHTWINTER NIGHT façade (Figure 087-1). This level of adaptability can significantly decrease rove privacy. falling on the glazing can be reduced on the southwest façade, 10% Overhang folded up 100% Overhang folded up 100% Overhang folded Overhang down 100% folded down risk of100% overheating within the bedrooms. This adaptive measure is Thermal simulations confirmed that the vertical fins on the the northeast reduction on the northwest façade, and 4.5% reduction on the southeast Hopper windows opened (30%)windows opened (30%) crucial, especially if the occupants choose to work in the bedrooms o Hopper Hopper windows Hopper closed façade would not be needed since without theclosed fins, windows the living areas(Figure o 16 5C Tclosed façade 087-1). This level of adaptability can significantly decrease 5 allows for natural Fresh, pre -warmed Fresh, a irwindows enters pre -warmed a ir enters Main windows Main closed during the afternoon per the team’s occupant lifestyle projection. Main closed closed and kitchen would still be Main in the windows comfort band. Inwindows additional, admitting the risk of overheating within the bedrooms. This adaptive measure is the room , pulled the by the room e scaping , pulled by the e scaping gducing the windows and reducing the morning sun into the living spaces improves the atmospheres; crucial, especially if the occupants choose to work in the bedrooms During cold winter nights, the occupant can pull down the overhang stale air and assisted stale byair theand wind assisted by the wind during tion is also achieved waking people upduring and helping them start their day more attentively. during the afternoon per the team’s occupant lifestyle projection. folds, liftand the horizontal sill panel, and then fasten the twoofpieces FIG. 071 Sectional FIG. 071 diagram showing Sectional diagram adaptive showing opportunities the adaptive on opportunities on f the solar shading. FIG. 069diagram FIG. 069 and Isometric sections diagrams of overhang and sections overhang Psychologically, sunlight can help occupants feelIsometric more present FIG. 073 theFIG. 073 Sectional Sectional showing diagram thediagrams adaptive showing the adaptive opportunities FIG. 075 FIG. 075 Diagram showing Diagram the PVHR showing system thethe PVHR system together to form opportunities an insulated night shutter. A thermal simulation (Figure TYPICAL SUMMER DAY forand the day. winter nights, shutter the occupant can pull down the overhang gies mmer. for ready winter summer. and conditions a typical summer night a typical summer night / nightDuring shutter inup operation in operation and onconditions a typical winter onshows a cold typical night night (source: http://www.ventive.co.uk/passive-ventilation-heat-recovery/) (source: http://www.ventive.co.uk/passive-ventilation-heat-recovery/) 110) towinter 1/ night K temperature improvement during the cold period,

Hopper opened (30%) TYPICAL SUMMER DAY Main windows opened 50% Overhang folded down 30% Hopper opened (30%) *Bedroom doors can be opened for Main windows opened 50% extra air ﬂow and cross ventilation

folds, lift the horizontal sill panel, and then fasten the two pieces helping to bring the bedrooms into the comfort band for majority of the Furthermore, thermal simulations suggest an overhang of 0.4m depth together to form an insulated night shutter. A thermal simulation (Figure time during the winter. three over the 0.2m depth per parametric solar shading analysis 110) on other shows up to 1 K temperature improvement during the cold period, facades. As a result, more detailed studies have been conducted andtothe helping bring the bedrooms into the comfort band for majority of the In sum, the adaptable overhang is a convenient strategy of combining team arrived at an adjustable shading device that has a dual functionality time during the winter. both shutters and overhang while being able to adjust them to a (Figure 069). It is adjustable to allow the occupant to control hownight much certain degree. This allows the users to filter the amount of daylight and shading is needed to achieve thermal comfort while still allowing In sum,for the adaptable overhang is a convenient strategy of combining gains that enter the space as well as improve privacy. daylight admittance. Figure 087-2 illustrates solar incidentsolar radiation both night shutters and overhang while being able to adjust them to a on glazing with no shading compared to Figure 087-3 showing solar certain degree. This allows the users to filter the amount of daylight and This paired with the passive stack ventilation allows for natural incident radiation on glazing with adjustable overhang shading of 0.4m solar gains that enter the space as well as improve privacy. depth at 90 degree directly above the main window framesventilation and below during the winter without opening the windows and reducing heat loss with the night shutters. Extra ventilation is also achieved during the hopper windows. This paired with the passive stack ventilation allows for natural the summer while maximizing performance of the solar shading. ventilation during the winter without opening the windows and reducing Figures 071-073 illustrate the adaptive strategies for winter and summer. 50 overhang Solar access simulations show that by pulling the folding heat losspanel with the night shutters. Extra ventilation is also achieved during down by 0.3m on June 21st, an average of 4% solar incident theradiation summer while maximizing performance of the solar shading. falling on the glazing can be reduced on the southwest50 façade, 10%071-073 illustrate the adaptive strategies for winter and summer. Figures reduction on the northwest façade, and 4.5% reduction on the southeast façade (Figure 087-1). This level of adaptability can significantly decrease the risk of overheating within the bedrooms. This adaptive measure is crucial, especially if the occupants choose to work in the bedrooms during the afternoon per the team’s occupant lifestyle projection.

Overhang Overhang (closed)(closed)

Overhang (open)

Overhang (closed)

Design Proposal

Overhang folded down 30% Hopper opened (30%) Main windows opened 50%

FIG. 069

Overhang (closed)

T i 25

T i 22 C

T i 25

Sectional diagram showing the adaptive opportunities and conditions on a typical summer day FIG. 071

Isometric diagrams and sections of overhang / night shutter in operation Isometric diagrams and sections of overhang / night shutter in operation

T i 22o C

T o 12o C

FIG. 071

PASSIVE AND ADAPTIVE WITHOUT WASTE

During cold winter nights, the occupant can pull down the overhang folds, lift the horizontal sill panel, and then fasten the two pieces together to form an insulated night shutter. A thermal simulation (Figure 110) shows up to 1 K temperature improvement during the cold period, helping to bring the bedrooms into the comfort band for majority of the time during the winter.

T i 22o C

*Bedroom doors can be opened for extra air ﬂow and cross ventilation

FIG. 070

FIG. 069

T o 12o C

*Bedroom doors can be opened for

Sectional diagram showing the ada extra air ﬂow and cross ventilation and conditions on a typical summer Sectional diagram showing the ada and conditions on a typical summer

T i 25o C

TYPICAL SUMMER NIGHT Overhang folded up 100% Hopper windows opened (30%) TYPICAL SUMMER NIGHT Main windows closed Overhang folded up 100% Hopper windows opened (30%) Main windows closedshowing the ada Sectional diagram

a typical summer night Sectional diagram showing the ada a typical summer night

The adaptable overhang is a useful PVHR (Passive Ventilation with Heat 12 C strategy of combining both night Recovery) usesTa stack effect, the wind cowl that would provide sufficient In sum, the adaptable overhang is a convenient strategy of combining shutters and overhang while being both night shutters and overhang while being able to adjust them to a certain degree. This allows the users to ﬁlter the amount of daylight and able to adjust them; this allows the fresh air requirement. A smallTYPICAL heat SUMMER NIGHT solar gains that enter the space as well as improve privacy. Overhang folded up 100% Hopper windows opened (30%) users to filter the amount of daylight exchange readily installed within This paired with the passive stack ventilation allows for natural Main windows closed ventilation during the winter without opening the windows and reducing and solar gains that enter the space. the wind cowl would allow heat from heat loss with the night shutters. Extra ventilation is also achieved during FIG. 071 Sectional diagram showing the adaptive opportunities on the summer while maximizing performance of the solar shading. 069 Isometric diagrams and sections of overhang The PassiveFIG.Stack Ventilation with exhaust air to be recovered back with a typical summer night / night shutter in operation 50 Figures 071-073 illustrate the adaptive strategies for winter and summer. wooden grated door and trickle the intake fresh air. side vents allow natural ventilation during the winter without opening the windows.

D e sign Re s e ar c h

peker Place

@ Diespeker Place

oposal s

nowadays because dused Structures

70%Concrete GGBS Concrete 70% GGBS

simpler on-site assembly.

n methods are widely used nowadays because cally at a FlySky factory , as well as faster and simpler on-site assembly. ocal and will beat a FlySky factory will belabor, constructed locally he project site labor, and will be finishes. As using mostlocal of the edential for final fitting and finishes. and office areas,As most of the mall and close to residential and office areas, nstruction work to be ethod would allow construction work to be e neighborhood and without disturbing the neighborhood and ace for working.

70% GGBS Concrete GlulamGlulam

70% GGBS Concrete

GlulamGlulam

Cross Laminated Timber Cross Laminated Timber Cross Laminated Timber Cross Laminated Timber

Finishing Finishing Finishing Finishing Double Glazing Double Double GlazingGlazing Double Glazing E & Argon-Filled Low ELow &Low Argon-Filled E & Argon-Filled Low E & Argon-Filled

as timber and straw bale were chosen so that wahbale were chosen so that big crane would not be needed; often such bepossible needed; often suchsmall sites. The be on constrained dation areThe used because of the rained& vertical small core sites. ditions and its ability are used because toofbear themore loads and to bear more loads and

Strawbale

simple by using a module system of 2-bale ) and 3-bale wide panels (3mX3.2m). The

and form would of make the construction work odule system 2-bale g waste, and reducing the manufacturing cost. nels (3mX3.2m). The the construction work eesimplicity and efﬁciency of the proposed r the the wet work of casting in-situ manufacturing cost. 70% GGBS

ndation have been done, the prefabricated mbled on top of the foundation with a small ency of the proposed er;

ng in-situ 70% GGBS

op the concrete ground slab or column base ne,of the prefabricated ﬂoor beams with a small undation ber ﬂoor slab ystem & Straw bale panels

sulation und slab or column ng and Wall Finishing

base

alysis will be explored in the Sustainability

anels

d in the Sustainability

FIG. 056

Prefabrication construction system diagram

PRE-FAB & DRIED INSTALLATION YET AIRTIGHT Prefabricated construction methods are cost effective, minimising waste, as well as allowing faster and simpler on-site assembly. Lightweight materials such as timber and straw

bale were picked so that large equipment such as a big crane would not be required on such constrained small sites.

02 | Ur b an - P at c h

Typical Floor Layout % Occupied

䐀愀礀挀愀爀攀倀氀愀礀䄀爀攀愀䐀愀礀挀愀爀攀

䌀愀昀攀

NO COMPROMISING BETWEEN THE VIEW & THE PERFORMANCE The living areas locate on the northern edge of the site so these spaces with the longest daytime occupied-hours would get access to the views. However, the full floorto-ceiling windows were eliminate to avoid heat loss in winter. The bedrooms are on the southern façade with 30% window to floor ratios and adjustable solar shadings. Natural

light and ventilation are provided by the access core with the opening at the south façade. An overhang prevents rain from entering and provides summer solar shading for decreasing an overheated access core. A wheelchair accessible features have been built into the scheme to grant equality for all.

D e sign O u t c ome

Living Room rendered view howing final case atmosphere adjustable room separator screen and movie screen

Living Room FIG. 078

Main living area and kitchen showing different activities in an open floor plan (repeated from page 47) (rendered in Rhino V-ray and post production in photoshop)

Double Bedroom rendered view showing final case atmosphere adjustable overhang / night shutter

Bedroom FIG. 079

Double Bedroom (repeated from page 47) (rendered in Rhino V-ray and post production in photoshop)

02 | Ur b an - P at c h Final Case Result : Typical Winter Week IT'S COZY & BRIGHT INSIDE Building Envelope Wall U-Value Floor U- Value Ceiling U-Value Glazing U-Value

0.19 0.16 0.17 1.80

Airflow Rate Infiltration 0.2 ac/h Fresh Air Requirement (ASHARE) 18.7 m3/person/hour Provide by Trickle Vent Summer Natural Ventilation Clerestories opening factor WIndows opening factor

W/m2 W/m2 W/m2 W/m2

Window to Floor Ratio 28% Shading Device Wool Curtain (Close @ unoccupied time when below 21°C)

Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

30% 50%

Saturday 1400

40 1200

1000

800

20 600 15

Passive measures and adaptive strategies bring the indoor temperature into the comfort band at least 90% of the occupied time. The proposed typology building has a low heating demand of 2.18 kWh/m2a. As a result, small radiators can be used as a supplement. Daylight simulations show that the different spaces within the residential units can obtain higher daylight factors than the minimum recommendations, which would Solar Radiation [kWh/m2] reduce the need for electrical Outdoor Temperature [°C] lighting in overcast conditions. Thermal Comfort Band [°C]

400

Base Case Indoor Temperature

0 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM

0 [°C] [ac/h]

oom

Final Case

200

[Wh/m2]

Living room typical winter week thermal analysis graph : Final proposed case Typical Winter Week Performance

FIG. 104

r Week

Building Envelope Wall U-Value Floor U- Value Ceiling U-Value Glazing U-Value

Airflow Rate Infiltration 0.2 ac/h Fresh Air Requirement (ASHARE) 18.7 m3/person/hour Provide by Trickle Vent Window to Floor Ratio Summer Natural Ventilation 28% Clerestories opening factor Thursday30% Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Friday Saturday Shading Device WIndows opening factor 50% Building Airflow Rate Wool Curtain (Close @ unoccupied time when Envelope Infiltration Wall U-Value 0.19 W/m2 below 21°C) Floor U- Value 0.16 W/m2 0.2 ac/h Ceiling U-Value 0.17 W/m2 Fresh Air Requirement (ASHARE) Sunday Monday Tuesday Thursday Friday Glazing U-Value 1.80 W/m2 Wednesday 18.7 m3/person/hour 45 Provide by Trickle Vent Window to Floor Ratio Summer Natural Ventilation 28% Clerestories opening factor 30% 25 Shading Device WIndows opening factor 50% 40 Wool Curtain (Close @ unoccupied time when Oct-Nov 0.4% below 21°C) 20 0.19 0.16 0.17 1.80

W/m2 W/m2 W/m2 W/m2

Final Case Result : Typical Winter Week

Oct-Nov 35 Aug -Sep

30 Sunday 35

N u m b e r of h o u rs

June-July 45 Apr-May All Year 40 0.0%

35+3K

ed case

30 Oct-Nov

June-July 5

+3K

Wednesday

Friday

Saturday

+0.1K

+1K

0.0%

+2K

+3K

Temperature exceedence over adaptive comfort upper limit

1000

1200

800

1000

1200 600

800

1000 400

600

800 200

400

600 0

200

12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM 12:00 AM 2:00 AM 4:00 AM 6:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM 6:00 PM 8:00 PM 10:00 PM

0 [°C] [ac/h]

FIG. 106

Living room typical summer week thermal analysis graph : Final proposed case

Living room typical winter week thermal analysis graph : Final proposed case

200

Global/ Diffuse Horizontal Solar Radiation [kWh/m2]

Outdoor Temperature [°C]

[Wh/m2]

400

FIG. 104

1400

All Year

0.1%

-5

Thursday

June-July Apr-May

Aug -Sep

Typical Summer Week Performance

0 [°C] [ac/h]

Tuesday

20Apr-May

Monday

1200

25Aug -Sep

All Year 0 [°C] [ac/h] 15 0.0%

1400

Saturday

0 [Wh/m2]

Thermal Comfort Band [°C] Base Case Indoor Temperature Final Case

0 [Wh/m2]

D e sign O u t c ome Daylight Simulation Result

Daylight // Typical Residential Unit // 0.4m adjustable overhang (none on NE facade) sDA

2.8%

Living:Living: 18.61% 58.52% D.bed:D.bed: 26.35% 33.45% S. bed: 25.44% S. bed: 26.42%

Living: 61.47% D.bed: 50.40% S.bed: 48.07%

FIGURE 088.

UDI

<100 lux UDIAvailability Daylight

60%

300 lux [50%]

Mean DF

<100-2000 lux

94%

Living: 78.39% D.bed: 67.64% S. bed: 65.71%

Annual climate-based daylight analysis diagrams showing typical

Overlit Area (Potential for glare)

% of Occupied Hours

UDI

<100 lux

Living: 18.94% D.bed: 26.34% S. bed: 26.66%

<100-2000 lux

UDI

93%

Living: 78.08% D.bed: 67.42% S. bed: 65.25%

>2000 lux

Living: 2.99% D.bed: 6.18% S. bed: 7.99%

Incident Solar Radiation on Surface Simulation Result N

west 18.96 kWh/m 2 south 41.91 kWh/m 2

MARCH 1 - 31

east 7.84 kWh/m2 north 3.60 kWh/m2

JUNE 1 - 30

west 51.93 kWh/m2 south 46.46 kWh/m 2

FIG. 087-1.

<100-2000 lux

94%

UDI

Living: 78.39% D.bed: 67.64% S. bed: 65.71%

for

>2000 lux

Living: 3.01% D.bed: 6.01% S. bed: 7.95%

DECEMBER 1 - 31

west 2.94 kWh/m 2 south 12.02 kWh/m 2

DECEMBER 1 - 31

west 3.39 kWh/m2 south 13.59 kWh/m 2

Incident solar radiation on Southwest Facades without shading device

e e

JUNE 1 - 30

FIG. 087-3.

west 44.52 kWh/m 2 south 31.18 kWh/m 2

Incident solar radiation on Southwest Facades with shading device

Southwest facades With NO Shading Device

cade typical o.4m depth overhang shading

FIG. 087-2.

JUNE 1 - 30

DECEMBER 1 - 31

west 16.68 kWh/m 2 south 32.53 kWh/m 2

MARCH 1 - 31

east 45.82 kWh/m2 north 41.11 kWh/m2

Incident solar radiation on Southwest Facades with shading device pulled down 0.3m

west 40.28 kWh/m2 south 29.98 kWh/m2

UDI

<100 lux

Living: 18.61% D.bed: 26.35% S. bed: 26.42%

JUNE 1 - 30

Southwest facades With Shading Device +0.3 pulled down

UDI

Incident Solar Radiation on glazing

Southwest facades With Shading Device

02 | Ur b an - P at c h

Co-working Cafe rendered view howing final case atmosphere

Co-Working Cafe FIG. 080

Co-working Cafe (repeated from page 47) (rendered in Rhino V-ray and post production in photoshop)

The Co-Working space will fulfil the predicted life style as well as create dynamic of relationship among people who shared the same interest and live in the same community

D e sign O u t c ome

FIG. 079

Double bedroom (rendered in Rhino V-ray and post production in photoshop)

DAYCARE PLAY AREA

FIG. 081

Daycare play area scene (rendered in Rhino V-ray and post production in photoshop)

Daycare

0 3 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol

03 H o l y Tr i n i t y P r i m a r y S c h o o l Design by Architype

Richmond, London | UK This environmental design assessment report on the Holy Trinity Primary School expansion was done within two and a half months. The outdoor and indoor studies comprised of analysing previous studies on the building, interviewing the architect, visiting the site to make observations and measurements, informally interviewing the teachers and staffs, followed by analytical work and simulations. The goal was to analyse and understand the building performance, usability, and occupant comfort to draw conclusions and provide suggestions for improvements if deemed appropriate. Architype was responsible for the design of the Holy Trinity Primary School expansion project. It was a fast pace design-build project with construction started in 2010 and

Keystage 1 (source: Architype) 31

finished in 2011. The project achieved BREEAM Excellent with its use of local sustainable materials and 20% reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emission, etc. The building itself was designed to fit the school activities and to achive high performances of sustainability. Unfortunately, the short period of the study only allowed us to focus on the extension wings. The materials used in this project were chosen carefully. Consequently, the high building performance makes the building very well insulated and which cause the building decoupled from the outdoor which make it easier to archive the thermal comfort and would use less energy for heating. The materials were not only high in performance but also environmentalfriendly and renewable.

0.0

S u n r is e

0.0

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N

0.0

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

S unset

C lo c k T im e

26 m

S unset

C lo c k T im e

Sunrise - Sunset // Clock Time

Sky conditions chart

0.0

S u n r is e

C lo c k T im e

26 m

2000

S u Jnar is eary nu

S unset 2000 FC elobc rku Ta im rye M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) .

15 10

Ja n u a r y

February

0.0

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N

0.0

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

S unset

C lo c k T im e

S unset

Sky conditions chart

S u n r is e

25 20

March

C lo c k T im e

0.0

Pr e f a c e

2000

a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % )

(Satel-Light)

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N SPRING TERM S unset

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

26 m

C lo c k T im e AUTUMN TERM 2 0 0 0 M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) . 5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m S unset 2000 FC elobc rku Ta im rye M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) .

0.0

2000

S u Jnar is eary nu

March

0.0

F r e q u e n c y o f N ig h t , S u n n y , I n t e r m e d ia t e a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % ) 5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m

Sunrise - Sunset // Clock Time

SUMMER TERM

0.0

26 m

Frequency of Sunny, F r e q u Intermediate e n c y o f N ig h t ,and S u nCloudy n y , I n t eSkies r m e d(%) ia t e

2000

a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % )

FIG. 012.

0 ° 1 7 '4 " W

0.0

S u n r is e

2000

M o n t h ly F r e q u e n c y o f S u n s h in e in 1 3 z o n e s ( % ) . 5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m

25 20

0.0

22 0.0

0.0

(Satel-Light)

5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N SPRING TERM S u n r is e S unset

0.0

F r e q u e n c y o f N ig h t , S u n n y , I n t e r m e d ia t e a n d C lo u d y s k ie s ( % ) 5 1 ° 2 7 '4 9 " N 0 ° 1 7 '4 " W 26 m

Frequency of Sunny, F r e q u Intermediate e n c y o f N ig h t ,and S u nCloudy n y , I n t eSkies r m e d(%) ia t e

FIG. 012.

0.0

SUMMER TERM

March

Ja n u a r y

February

March

A p r il

May

Ju n e

A p r il

May

Ju n e

70 A p r il

May

Ju n e

400 350

A p r il

May

300

Ju n e

250 200 150

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm 13/15

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm

Thermal Comfort Thermal C Band o m (EN fo rt15251) B a n d (per EN 15251)

/ FIG. 013.

Global/ Diffuse Horizontal Radiation

Monthly diurnal averages for Kew Gardens . (Source: Meteonorm)

MAY

JUN

JAN JULY

FEB AUG

100 MAR SEP

http://w w w .s a te l- light.c o m /pub/W u10152015191158/s o utdo o r.htm Thermal C o m fo rt B a n d (per EN 15251) 13/15

Wind Velocity

Outdoor Air Temperature FIG. 013.

Outdoor Humidity

APR OCT

MAY NOV

JUN DEC

50 0

13/15

JULY

Wind Velocity

AUG 13/15

Outdoor Air Temperature

Monthly diurnal averages for Kew Gardens . (Source: Meteonorm)

Keystage 2 (source: Architype) 32

o space under overhang 10:20 // Toro a seating 16.3area c for outdoor classroom activities, to play structures and pingo pong tables under a big PET 18.1 c Willow Tree (Fig. 017-018). Fig. 019 show spot measurements o mPET 22.8 c we took on site and PET/mPET calculations done afterward to test our general feelings on site, which was heavily affected by RH 61 % the wind.

To 15.1 oc // 9:55 PET 12.0 oc mPET 17.9 oc RH 62 % Wind 4 m/s

Wind m/st y Pr imar y S c ho ol 0 3 | H ol y Tr0.8ini FIGURE 027. Site Plan comfortable / exposed

Key Stage 2 Play Area 885 140 250 460 35

FIG. 028.

very cold exposed

(after Architype)

1 3 2 3 2 16 8

m2 total area m2 hard surface m2 play surface m2 grass m2 planted area

Site 51° 27’ 49”N 0° 17’ 4”W

Carrington Rd, Richmond TW10 5AA 57b ﬂight noise level

large willow tree small trees play structures ping pong tables picnic tables lm seating fluorescent lights Photo of MUGA looking at Play Field under overhang

Kew Garden Weather Station

FIG. 017.

Photo of willow tree and ping-pong tables

w/ 360 m 2 greenroof) + 31% paving ( 3,300 m 2 ) + 27% m 2 ) + 10% artiﬁcial grass ( 1,075 m 2 ) Holy Trinity Primary School

10,475 m2 20

FIG. 018.

Photo of Play Area looking from west access corridor

3,255 m 2 w/ 360 m 2 greenroof) + 31% paving ( 3,300 m 2 ) + 27% ( 2,845 m 2 ) + 10% artiﬁcial grass ( 1,075 m 2 ) FIG. 002

The building was designed to have high airtightness as to prevent the noise from Heathrow flight path @ 57 db which may cause negative effects on learning with long term exposure.

57dB // noise level

FIG.003

Heathrow 2014 Noise Exposure Contours - Day Standard Modal Split (77% W / 23% E) Leq Contours (after ERCD Report 1501 by the Environmental Research and Consultancy Department Civil Aviation Authority)

1 1

3 1

4 1

2 2

Garden 4 5Sensory Playing Field

2 9

5 Playing Field

6 Key Stage 1 Play Area

7 Reception Play Area

11 12

006

Site Plan

3(after 3 Architype)

8 Amphitheatre

Entrance 9 9 MainMain Entrance Area Area

10 10 Car Park Car

12 14

Park

11 11 Caretakers House House (existing) Caretakers (existing)

12 Nursery Play Area (existing)

13 Habitat Area

FIG. 006

8 Amphitheatre

lding m Architype)

1 Key Stage 2 Play Area MUGA Courtyards 2 3

Sensory Garden 3 4MUGA

2 Courtyards

10 10

1 Key Stage 2 Play Area

14 New lighting and

Site Plan (after Architype)

resurfacing

to pedestrian access and route New lighting 14

resurfacing to pedestrian access route

Pr e f a c e

Existing Building Strategies (source: Architype)

5 1

6 4

FIG. 009.

Summer Environmental Strategies Section (Holy Trinity Primary School D&A statement by Architype)

MUGA

Since one of the design goals was to achieve a highly airtight building envelope due to ﬂight noise issues, a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery ventilation9was installed. The MVHR coupled with the Earth Tube system uses the less ﬂuctuated temperature underground to cool or heat up the outdoor air before letting it into the building, which would help improve air quality while simultaneously improve the indoor temperature as well (Figs. 009-010). Interestingly, Architect Christian Dimbleby revealed in retrospect during an interview that it was not wise to put the Earth Tube System under the building foundation. He noted that it would be better to put the system next to or around the perimeter of the building. This would simplify the construction process and lower cost as well as providing the ability to access the system for maintenance later.

A multifaceted approach was taken to meet these requirements:

Since one of the design goals was to achieve a highly airtight building envelope due to ﬂight noise issues, a mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery ventilation was installed. The MVHR coupled 1 with the Earth Tube system uses the less ﬂuctuated temperature underground to cool or heat up the outdoor air before letting 2 it into the building, which would help improve air quality while simultaneously improve the indoor temperature as well (Figs. 009-010). 11

Green Roof retain water / biodiversity / CO2 absorption 1 Timber Modular Structure less waste / CO2 locked building fabric

FIG.

3 Natural Insulation (Rockwool / Wood Fibre) 2 effective insulants /9less negative effect in production

FIG. 010.

Interestingly, Architect Christian Dimbleby revealed in retrospect Playground during an interview that it was not wise to put the Earth Tube System under the building foundation. He noted that it would be better to put 4 the system next to or around the perimeter of the building. This would 10 simplify the construction process and lower cost as well as providing the ability to access the system for maintenance later. 5

Winter Environmental Strategies Section multifaceted approach takenbytoArchitype) (HolyA Trinity Primary School D&Awas statement

meet these requirements:

Natural Finished Material reduce usage of volatile organic compound in paint

Daylighting diffuse north light / no glare

6 Solar Shading block direct sun in summer / allow sun in winter

1 Green Roof retain water / biodiversity / CO2 absorption

7 High Insulation minimize cooling & heating load

2 Timber Modular Structure less waste / CO2 locked building fabric 3 Natural Insulation (Rockwool / Wood Fibre) effective insulants / less negative effect in production

8 Efﬁcient Heating monitoring to archive the highest performance FIG. 009. Summer Environmental Strategies Section (Holy Trinity Primary School D&A statement by Archity 9 Earth Tubes System less energy building thermal control

4 Natural Finished Material reduce usage of volatile organic compound in paint

10 Heat Recover recycle heat from extract air

5 Daylighting diffuse north light / no glare

11 Intelligent Control monitoring lighting and CO2 level / less energy consume

6 Solar Shading block direct sun in summer / allow sun in winter

12 Airtightness reduce air trafﬁc noise

FIG.

7 High Insulation minimize cooling & heating load 8 Efﬁcient Heating monitoring to archive the highest performance 9 Earth Tubes System less energy building thermal control 10 Heat Recover

also researched metabolic rates between an adult and nderstand the thermal comfort difference. Typically, etabolic rate is 70% of an adult’s metabolic rate due to es in body mass and surface area. So for the same activity, me spot, at the same time, an adult would feel warmer d. Fig. 037 shows the temperature difference between an a kid performing the same activity.

Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

parameters: average size

39kg

adult

Age 28 0 3 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y / Female S c ho/ Height ol 1.63m / Weight

53kg

ary & Proposed Improvements

shows the sky view factor of each location and Fig. 038 ual weekly chart summarizing the thermal comfort at the h different activities. The team concluded that playing der the willow and playing sports at the MUGA would e during the cold periods. Playing at the Play Structure, e Courtyard, and standing under the Overhang would g the warm periods. Lastly sitting on the benches would old except for a couple weeks in July, since this area is by the building throughout the year.

35.0 °C 30.0 °C 25.0 °C 20.0 °C 15.0 °C

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JULY

mPET

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Adult at Willow Tree

Kid at Willow Tree

Photo looking at ping-pong tables underneath willow tree

Photo from top of play structure looking west.

Photo of bench area looking west

Photo of MUGA looking east

Photo of space underneath overhang

Photo of kitchen courtyard looking east

17/12/2011 - 23/12/2011

solar radiation have a big impact on thermal comfort environment. As illustrated by the differences between pot under overhang and in the kitchen courtyard, which metabolic rate but different wind and solar access.

OUTDOOR COMFORT ASSESSMENT After the study on the different of outdoor comfort factor of children and adults, the annual comfort analysis of average size kid doing different activities at 6 chosen spots was done. We modified the wind speed from the weather data for each location based on our wind flow analysis and site observations.

The wind and solar radiation have a significant impact on thermal comfort in the outdoor environment as illustrated by the differences between the mPETs of Spot under the overhang and in the kitchen courtyard, which at the same metabolic rate but different wind and solar access.

31/12/2011 - 01/01/2012

10/12/2011 - 16/12/2011

access analysis (Fig. 048) and outdoor sun patch 049) conﬁrm these the conclusions on thermal comfort ent locations that the team analyzed using mPET

24/12/2011 - 30/12/2011

03/12/2011 - 09/12/2011

12/11/2011 - 18/11/2011

26/11/2011 - 02/12/2011

05/11/2011 - 11/11/2011

19/11/2011 - 25/11/2011

15/10/2011 - 21/10/2011

29/10/2011 - 04/11/2011

22 /10/2011 - 28/10/2011

01/10/2011 - 07/10/2011

08/10/2011 - 14/10/2011

17/09/2011 - 23/09/2011

10/09/2011 - 16/09/2011

24/09/2011 - 30/09/2011

03/09/2011 - 09/09/2011

13/08/2011 - 19/08/2011

27/08/2011 - 02/09/2011

06/08/2011 - 12/08/2011

20/08/2011 - 26/08/2011

16/07/2011 - 22 /07/2011

30/07/2011 - 05/08/2011

09/07/2011 - 15/07/2011

23/07/2011 - 29/07/2011

02/07/2011 - 08/07/2011

11/06/2011 - 17/06/2011

25/06/2011 - 01/07/2011

18/06/2011 - 24/06/2011

21/05/2011 - 27/05/2011

04/06/2011 - 10/06/2011

28/05/2011 - 03/06/2011

07/05/2011 - 13/05/2011

14/05/2011 - 20/05/2011

16/04/2011 - 22 /04/2011

30/04/2011 - 06/05/2011

09/04/2011 - 15/04/2011

23/04/2011 - 29/04/2011

02/04/2011 - 08/04/2011

12/03/2011 - 18/03/2011

26/03/2011 - 01/04/2011

05/03/2011 - 11/03/2011

19/03/2011 - 25/03/2011

12/02/2011 - 18/02/2011

26/02/2011 - 04/03/2011

05/02/2011 - 11/02/2011

mPET comparison between an adult and a kid 19/02/2011 - 25/02/2011

FIG. 037.

AUG

mPET

C omfort Band (per EN 15251) mPET AnnualThermal Comfort Analysis

15/01/2011 - 21/01/2011

lysis subject and assigned different metabolic rates for ctivities that would take place at each spot. We modiﬁed d from the weather data for each location based on our ysis and site observations. For example, under the willow cted that the wind would be 50% of recorded wind data her station since it is sem-protected by the low canopy hen Courtyard it would be 40% of the recorded wind

40.0 °C

22 /01/2011 - 28/01/2011

mal Comfort Analysis

45.0 °C

29/01/2011 - 04/02/2011

en Courtyard Garden is one of the most sheltered spaces wind. The building overhang and adjacent building e shade, and a fence screens it from the parking lot. , it looks more like a storage area and not being used potential. It could be a great spot, especially in the for multiple quiet activities such as reading or drawing ITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL To facilitate such activities, the team suggests adding low ong the existing vegetable planters for reading as well as g purposes. With the added amenity, students can form ng group and learn about food growing and establish hip for the space and plants. To further enhance this ding a row of low (0.5m) evergreen shrubs (that provide ﬂowers) along the fence would help further distinguish it parking lot, add and seasonal to the observations, we more chosecolors 6 locations from thechanges different daylight maintain solar and ddannual comfort analysis withaccess. mPET. We used an average

50.0 °C

01/01/2011 - 07/01/2011

lawn is mostly wet and muddy, which is a common issue et climates. To minimize the wet and muddy conditions ase play value and safety, it would be ideal to replace the grass lawn with a high performance natural grass lawn additional layers of drainage below. Often times, it may ing to replace these natural grass lawn with artiﬁcial turf; such action would reduce children’s access to natural , which as more and more research have shown that that al for children to interact and connect with nature as possible.

mPET Comparison between adult and kid

08/01/2011 - 14/01/2011

y Area seating area, there’s loss of opportunity for eating with the trees planted directly behind the benches. g the tree planters would make these benches sitoth sides making them more ﬂexible and allowing for activity watching from all directions while being seated. d especially be good for parents that are waiting and their kids play after school hours.

D e sign A s s e s sment parameters: average size kid

Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

39kg

N Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

39kg

parameters: average size kid 330

solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, solar and octas from air Kewtemperature, Garden Weather Station; radiation, relative humidity, wind velocity, and octas from Kew Garden Weather Station;

300

330

Under Willow Tree Under Wind ~50 % Willow Tree Met ~450W playing Wind ping ~50 % pong Met // running ~450W

300

E 240

120

240

120

210

150

back andping forth playing pong // running back and forth

150

S N 330

330

Sitting on Wood Bench Sitting on Wind ~85 % Wood Bench Met ~100W slightly Wind ~85 % sheltered by the Met ~100W

300

E 240

120

240

120

210

E 240

240

150

Wind ~100 % MUGA Met ~600W intense sports Wind ~100 % activities Met on ~600W

300

E 240

240

120

210

150

120

S 210

150

210

120

150

150 for each of the 6 locations Sky view factor diagrams S

Sky view factor diagrams for each of the 6 locations

parameters: average size kid

Age 11 / Female / Height 1.49m / Weight

N 036. FIG.

Site Plan (after Architype)

FIG. 036.

Site Plan (after Architype)

330

300

E 240

240

120

210

150

120

S 210

150

solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, Outdoor Comfort Studies (mPET) Outdoor Comfort Studieswind (mPET) velocity, and octas from Kew Garden Weather Station;

39kg

50.000 °C 50.000 °C

300

concrete surface intense sports // exposedonto the activities elements concrete surface // exposed to the elements

Kitchen Courtyard Kitchen Wind ~40 % Courtyard Met ~120W intense Wind sports ~40 % activities Met on ~120W

building // semi-sheltered protected from windfrom by rain by over building // hang protected from rain by over hang

120

JAN - MAR

40.000 °C 40.000 °C

330

300

concrete surface intense sports // exposedonto the activities elements concrete surface // exposed to the elements

Under Overhang Under Wind ~50% Overhang Met ~120W semi-sheltered Wind ~50% from wind by Met ~120W

300

FIG. 035.

150

330

210

120

330

FIG. 035.

150

210

240

210

S N 330

300

120

MUGA

building slightly // tree next to bench is sheltered by the to small to// have building tree an nextimpact to bench is to small to have an impact

S 210

330

N 300

300

structure climbing //up and 0.75m to 3.5m down the play above ground structure // level 0.75m=toexposed 3.5m above ground level = exposed

S 210

330

300

Top of Play Structure Top of Play Wind ~100 % Structure Met ~300W climbing and % Wind up ~100 down play Met the ~300W

% Occupied Ho

N 330

mid OCT - DEC

ping pong under Willow playing at MUGA

30.000 °C 30.000 °C 20.000 °C 20.000 °C 10.000 °C 10.000 °C

two weeks in JUL

0.000 °C 0.000 °C

MAY - AUG

sitting on the bench

playing at Play Structure standing at Courtyard standing under Overhang

0.000 °C 0.000 °C

7.0 m/s 7.0 m/s 6.0 m/s 6.0 m/s 5.0 m/s 5.0 m/s 4.0 m/s 4.0 m/s 3.0 m/s 3.0 m/s 2.0 m/s 2.0 m/s 1.0 m/s 1.0 m/s

Thermal C

o m fo rt B a n d (per EN 15251)

Global/ Diffuse Horizontal Radiation

annual weekly graph mPET comfort analysis

DEC DEC weekweek 51 51

mPET Overhang mPET Overhang mPET Bench mPET Bench

DECDEC weekweek 52 52

DEC DEC weekweek 49 49

NOVNOV weekweek 48 48

NOVNOV weekweek 46 46

47 47 NOVNOV weekweek

NOVNOV weekweek 45 45

DEC DEC weekweek 50 50

mPET Play Area mPET Play Area mPET Courtyard mPET Courtyard

NOVNOV weekweek 44 44

OCT OCT weekweek 43 43

OCT OCT weekweek 41 41

OCT OCT weekweek 42 42

OCT OCT weekweek 40 40

SEP SEP weekweek 38 38

SEP SEP weekweek 36 36

SEP SEP weekweek 39 39

mPET MUGA mPET MUGA mPET Willow Tree mPET Willow Tree

SEP SEP weekweek 37 37

AUGAUG weekweek 35 35

AUGAUG weekweek 33 33

AUGAUG weekweek 34 34

AUGAUG weekweek 31 31

AUGAUG weekweek 32 32

JUL JUL weekweek 29 29

JUL JUL weekweek 30 30

JUL JUL weekweek 27 27

JUL JUL weekweek 28 28

Wind Velocity Wind Velocity Outdoor Air Temperature Outdoor Air Temperature

JUN JUN weekweek 26 26

JUNJUN weekweek 24 24

JUNJUN weekweek 25 25

JUN JUN weekweek 22 22

JUNJUN weekweek 23 23

MAYMAY weekweek 21 21

MAYMAY weekweek 20 20

MAYMAY weekweek 18 18

MAYMAY weekweek 19 19

APR APR weekweek 17 17

APR APR weekweek 15 15

APR APR weekweek 16 16

MARMAR weekweek 13 13

Thermal Comfort Thermal C Band o m(EN fo 15251) rt B a n d (per EN 15251)

/ FIG. 038./

APR APR weekweek 14 14

MARMAR weekweek 11 11

MARMAR weekweek 12 12

MARMAR weekweek 9 9

MARMAR weekweek 10 10

FEB FEB weekweek 7 7

FEB FEB weekweek 8 8

FEB FEB weekweek 5 5

FEB FEB weekweek 6 6

JAN JAN weekweek 3 3

JAN JAN weekweek 4 4

JAN JAN weekweek 1 1

JAN JAN weekweek 2 2

500 Wh/m2 500 Wh/m2 300 Wh/m2 300 Wh/m2 100 Wh/m2 Wh/m2 1000Wh/m2 0 Wh/m2

0 3 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol Interior (Source: Architype)

INDOOR PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT The team learned that the building gets overheated in the summer. The high temperature may have been due to user errors such as blocking the vents, as well as causing artificial lights to be on all the time with posters blocking the daylight from entering the room. The high temperatures may

also be the lack of manual overrides on the ventilation system, which is operated by automatic temperature sensors. Referencing these studies, we applied a similar methodology when collecting measurements. The collected data also showed that daylight distribution is an issue.

by spot measurements (in the Appendix) and furthermore gger information on Figs. 075-076, the indoor temperatures ee rooms seem to be stable. The ﬁgure shows that week 3 w comfort, which may be due to the thermostat being set me temperature compared to the previous two weeks, even he outdoor temperatures were lower than the previous weeks’ ures. MVHR would bring in colder air for fresh air requirement, , causing the indoor temperatures to be below comfort band.

The outdoor temperatures seem to not have a big impact on the indoor temperatures. We can therefore infer that the building envelope’s airtightness is performing well and it is decoupled from the outdoor environment. This decoupling from the outdoor is a good sign for an air-conditioned building. However, the team is interested in looking at different strategies to turn this building H O L Y T R IN IT Y S C H OO L K E Y S T A G E W IN G a toward free-running.

Data Logger Recording MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

D e sign A s s e s sment

N O V 9 20 15 13:00- N O V 27 20 15 0 8:0 0

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

SATURDAY

SUNDAY

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

25.000 °C

20.000 °C

15.000 °C

5K 18.5K

10.000 °C

12K

5.000 °C

0.000 °C

09/11/2015 13:00 09/11/2015 17:00 09/11/2015 21:00 10/11/2015 01:00 10/11/2015 05:00 10/11/2015 09:00 10/11/2015 13:00 10/11/2015 17:00 10/11/2015 21:00 11/11/2015 01:00 11/11/2015 05:00 11/11/2015 09:00 11/11/2015 13:00 11/11/2015 17:00 11/11/2015 21:00 12/11/2015 01:00 12/11/2015 05:00 12/11/2015 09:00 12/11/2015 13:00 12/11/2015 17:00 12/11/2015 21:00 13/11/2015 01:00 13/11/2015 05:00 13/11/2015 09:00 13/11/2015 13:00 13/11/2015 17:00 13/11/2015 21:00 14/11/2015 01:00 14/11/2015 05:00 14/11/2015 09:00 14/11/2015 13:00 14/11/2015 17:00 14/11/2015 21:00 15/11/2015 01:00 15/11/2015 05:00 15/11/2015 09:00 15/11/2015 13:00 15/11/2015 17:00 15/11/2015 21:00 16/11/2015 01:00 16/11/2015 05:00 16/11/2015 09:00 16/11/2015 13:00 16/11/2015 17:00 16/11/2015 21:00 17/11/2015 01:00 17/11/2015 05:00 17/11/2015 09:00 17/11/2015 13:00 17/11/2015 17:00 17/11/2015 21:00 18/11/2015 01:00 18/11/2015 05:00 18/11/2015 09:00 18/11/2015 13:00 18/11/2015 17:00 18/11/2015 21:00 19/11/2015 01:00 19/11/2015 05:00 19/11/2015 09:00 19/11/2015 13:00 19/11/2015 17:00 19/11/2015 21:00 20/11/2015 01:00 20/11/2015 05:00 20/11/2015 09:00 20/11/2015 13:00 20/11/2015 17:00 20/11/2015 21:00 21/11/2015 01:00 21/11/2015 05:00 21/11/2015 09:00 21/11/2015 13:00 21/11/2015 17:00 21/11/2015 21:00 22 /11/2015 01:00 22 /11/2015 05:00 22 /11/2015 09:00 22 /11/2015 13:00 22 /11/2015 17:00 22 /11/2015 21:00 23/11/2015 01:00 23/11/2015 05:00 23/11/2015 09:00 23/11/2015 13:00 23/11/2015 17:00 23/11/2015 21:00 24/11/2015 01:00 24/11/2015 05:00 24/11/2015 09:00 24/11/2015 13:00 24/11/2015 17:00 24/11/2015 21:00 25/11/2015 01:00 25/11/2015 05:00 25/11/2015 09:00 25/11/2015 13:00 25/11/2015 17:00 25/11/2015 21:00 26/11/2015 01:00 26/11/2015 05:00 26/11/2015 09:00 26/11/2015 13:00 26/11/2015 17:00 26/11/2015 21:00 27/11/2015 01:00 27/11/2015 05:00 27/11/2015 09:00

-5.000 °C

C o m fo rt ba n d

PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Analysis servations

iews and site observations, the lights in the at the field studies that were by done by eaching Space are monitored motion Students, andtoAyelet, and learned ed that it isMeital possible manually switch nairesfor thatplaying the building ooms videos gets and overheated lessons that h temperature have been user no wever, the teammay observed that due theretowere the wellShared as causing artificial lights ing vents, lights as at the Teaching Space. The h posters blocking daylight fromthe entering that they would normally leave lights on eses wereusing confirmed on site as illustrated pt when the projectors. h temperatures may also be the lack of e ventilation which is operated by ms and sharedsystem, teaching space are relatively sensors. h lots of primary colored arts and posters ms. The light-medium brown wooden walls es, we applied similar but methodology f warmth to thea spaces, at the same ments, which included collecting spot ghtness of the atmosphere. When the team system and placing dataloggers in similar take daylight lux spot measurements, it was wed the team to analyze our field data in ms would not be functional within a meter studies, draw our on ownanconclusions, tsthe NW elevation overcast dayand in . areas directly under the clerestory show a however, the dark blue cabinets along that ributing the incoming due to its low that guided thedaylight studies: her thing to note is that while the space under daylighting potential, positioning of the terior laid out? Are the the occupants ace being as the main learning/ thefrom natural lightused conditions, the natural need for a circulator path between cabinets that relocating the cabinets to another wall ctice heating,into ventilation ectly affecting below thethe clerestory learningand and ay not to have been predicted at the design ideal effectively take advantage of the tial covering of windows, different surface s, blocking or diverting the flow of heating o mind is how much would changing the h the lighting level of the classrooms? iews, there’s a disparity between thermal room anotherheight (with the Corner ng thetowindow to an additional 0.5 to resolve this gare of ways the classrooms? Is itissue? worth it considering ot a significant heat gain since it is NW facing) th good ventilation system and adaptive ideal; however, if there are limitations m,e on should airtightness lower tobrighter the other hand isbe relatively xibleness of ventilation i.e.well no as o its southeast glazing system, façade as noise pollution; mechanical failure of the g material. It would benefit from addressing errors like blocking etc. /off light switches forvent this openings, space, especially ccupied throughout the day. To reduce orate more adaptive opportunities for t would be ideal to have the ceiling lights the clerestory windows orrespond to the densityopenable)? and schedule of s also crucial for this space since it does get E glazed façade, with April to September in being the strongest as illustrated by sunpatch ion diagrams on Fig. 062-063, respectively.

the bathrooms also contribute to the overall this space, preventing this area to be in a of the space. The team speculates that the nhance the daylighting potential of this room ad of straight down.

Pa u l Classroom

O u t doo r T e m pe rat ure

T e m pe ra t u re

A le x Classroom

T e m pe ra t u re

S h a re d T e a c h in g T e m pe ra tu re

Data Logger recordings for all three spaces from Nov. 09 to Nov. 11, 2015

Based on teacher interviews, there’s a disparity between thermal comforts from one classroom to another revealed that even though airtightness coupled with the good ventilation system and adaptive opportunities N could be ideal. However, limitations to the ventilation system, airtightness might have to be lower to compensation the inflexibleness of the system Daylight // Base Case - Current Peformance

User Behavior // Vent Blockage Poor Daylight Distribution

200 L ux 180 L ux 160 L ux 140 L ux 120 L ux 100 L ux 80 L ux 60 L ux 40 L ux 20 L ux

Corner Classroom vent blockage 1 User error: Vent blockage

FIG. 064.

Middle Classroom vent blockage 1

Illuminance lux spot measurements for Middle (red) Classroom and Corner (green) Classroom

Daylight // Point-in-time illuminance

Illuminance, Lux

FIG. 075.

Corner Classroom vent blockage 2 User error: Posters on glazing

Middle Classroom vent blockage 2

<100

03/21 12:00 Overcast >2,000 Corner Classroom vent blockage 3

03/21 12:00 Clear Sky

FIG. 065. Point-in-time daylight analysis diagrams showing current building performance during different months and sky conditions Middle Classroom ventdaylight blockage 2

0 3 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol

HYPOTHESES TESTING Base Case: Design Intent (with MVHR, analyzed with no heating on nor extra vent)

might and mpare e and mal

n stion t the

Case 1: Design Intent + 0.5 meter NW glazing height increase

eiling

Fig. 076.

e L

Thermal Analysis Case 2 Proposed Intervention Strategies

5.42 C To 5.43 C

Mar Jan Apr Feb

26.00 C 20.00 C Comfort Band 26.00 C 20.00 C

Case 2: Design Intent + 0.5 meter NW glazing height increase + Openable NW Clerestory windows (existing orientation) for Warm Period natural ventilation

BASE CASE : DESIGN INTENT Corner Classroom

Middle Classroom

Ti CASE : Heat Gain INTENTTi BASE DESIGN

16.70 CClassroom 875.10 W Corner 17.20 C Heat 913.06 Ti GainW

Shared Teaching Space

Heat Gain

17.50 C 880.33 W Middle Classroom 18.20 C Heat 926.55 Ti GainW

Heat Gain

13.80 C 699.16 Shared Teaching Space W 15.10 C Heat 802.12 Ti GainW

8.11 C C 26.00 20.00 20.70 C 977.87 W W 22.00 1007.40 W 19.60 C C 956.23 5.42 26.00 C C 20.00 C C 16.70 C 875.10 17.50 C C 880.33 W 13.80 699.16 W W 10.03 C 26.00 20.00 23.50 C 1048.27 25.20 1103.65 22.00 C 1000.26 W 5.43 C 26.00 C C 20.00 C C 17.20 C 913.06 W W 18.20 C C 926.55 W W 15.10 C 802.12 W 14.35 C 26.20 C C 20.20 28.50 C 1098.27 30.50 C C 1176.87 W 25.80 C 955.91 W W 8.11 C 26.00 20.00 C C 20.70 C 977.87 W W 22.00 1007.40 W 19.60 C 956.23 16.75 C C 26.83 C 20.83 C 31.40 C C 1139.55 W 33.80 1238.50 27.50 C C 897.11 W 10.03 26.00 C 20.00 C 23.50 1048.27 W 25.20 C C 1103.65 W W 22.00 1000.26 W CASEC & + 0.5 VENTILATION 19.87 C3 : DESIGN 27.67 INTENT C 21.67 C WINDOWS 34.30 C 1122.60 W W 36.60 1212.72 W (SHADED 31.10APR-OCT) C 935.40 14.35 26.20 C 20.20 C 28.50H C + NATURAL 1098.27 30.50 +C CSE CLERESTORY 1176.87 W 25.80 C 955.91 W W Corner Classroom Middle Shared Space 19.41 C 27.78 C C 21.78 C 33.40 C 1086.65 W 35.30 C 1155.06 W W 29.40 C Teaching 1031.06 W 16.75 C 26.83 20.83 C 31.40 C 1139.55 W 33.80 C Classroom 1238.50 27.50 C 897.11 W To Comfort Band Ti Heat Gain Ti Heat Gain Ti Heat Gain 16.09 C 26.91 C 20.91 C 29.30 C 1028.01 W 30.90 C 1072.99 W 28.30 C 1014.35 W 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 34.30 C 1122.60 W 36.60 C 1212.72 W 31.10 C 935.40 W

May Mar Jun Apr Jul May

Aug JunMonth Sep Jul 5.42 C 27.78 904.18 927.31 751.83 Oct 12.19 C 26.1126.00 C C 21.78 20.1120.00 C C 24.20 C C1086.65 935.92 W C C 1155.06 950.96 W C 918.46 W Aug Jan 19.41 C C C 33.4016.70 C W W 25.30 35.3017.80 C W W 23.20 29.4013.90 C C 1031.06 W W 5.43 C26.00 C 20.00 942.08 965.63 879.24 Nov 8.17 C C C 19.6017.10 C C1028.01 890.25 W W 20.50 C 899.55 W W 28.30 17.0015.30 C C 1014.35 731.76 W Sep Feb 16.09 C 26.9126.00 C 20.9120.00 C C 29.30 C W 30.9018.30 C C1072.99 W C W W 1015.08 1049.93 20.10 1068.89 Dec Mar 6.62 C8.11 C26.00 C C C 24.20 17.1020.70 C 861.82 W W 25.30 18.5022.10 C C 950.96 866.75 W 14.50 C C 639.54 W Oct 26.1126.00 C C 20.00 20.1120.00 C C 935.92 W C W W 23.20 C 918.46 W W Fig. 078.12.19 C Thermal Analysis CASE 2CProposed Intervention Strategies C26.0026.00 C 20.0020.00 23.40 1078.56 25.00 1120.99 22.60 1115.94 Analysis Nov Apr 8.1710.03 C C C C 19.60 C CParameters 890.25 W W 20.50 C C 899.55 W W 17.00 C C 731.76 W W C26.0026.20 C20.0020.20 1115.42 1161.57 21.80 1052.78 Occupancy Dec May(person) 6.6214.35 C C C C 17.1021.60 C30 C 861.82 W W 18.5021.60 C30 C 866.75 W W 14.50 C15 C 639.54 W W CASE 2:C DESIGN & + 0.5 H 1140.38 + NATURAL VENTILATION(SUMMER) Table 03. Area Analysis CASE 2 INTENT Parameters Jun Thermal 16.75 26.83 C 20.83 C WINDOWS 24.10m2 CParameters W 24.10m2 C 1185.42 W 23.70 m2 C 975.17 W Floor 57.44 57.44 112.59 Analysis Corner 27.20 Classroom Middle Classroom Shared Teaching Space Jul 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C C 1131.83 W 27.20 C 1178.28 W 27.10 C 1025.69 W Glazing Area(person) 14.40 17.29 24.84 Month To Comfort Band Occupancy 30 m2 30 m2 15 m2 CASE 2 : DESIGN INTENT &+C 0.5 H 1117.88 + NATURAL Ti WINDOWS Heat Heat Heat Aug 27.78 C 21.78 26.60 C Gain W Ti VENTILATION(SUMMER) 26.70 C Gain 1167.67 W Ti 112.59 27.60 C Gain 1151.44 W Window to Floor Area19.41 C 25.07% 30.10% 22.06% Floor Area 57.44 m2 57.44 m2 m2 Classroom Middle C Classroom Shared Teaching Space W Jan Sep 5.42 C16.09 26.00 C26.91 20.00 C20.91 CCorner 16.40 C23.00 883.22 W W C CComfort C C 1067.08 W 17.30 17.29 23.00 C885.851110.19 W 13.9024.84 24.10 C751.83 1137.56 W Month To Band WindowArea Orientation NW/SE NWm2 S/SKY Glazing 14.40 m2 m2 Heat GainW Ti Heat GainW Ti Heat GainW Feb Oct 5.43 C12.19 26.00 C26.11 20.00 C20.11 C Ti 17.00 C C C C C 24.40 C927.90979.75 W 18.0029.83 25.70W/K C937.58 1013.70 W 15.3054.27 23.70W/K C879.24 1023.80 W Envelope Heat Loss 34.94 W/K Window to Floor Area 25.07% 30.10%885.85 W 22.06%751.83 W Jan 5.42 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 16.40 C 883.22 W 17.30 C 13.90 C Mar Nov 8.11 8.17 C 1003.98 1027.98 1068.89 26.00 C 20.00 C 20.60 0.1 19.70 C 929.30 W 21.90 0.1 21.00 C 963.37 W 20.10 0.1 17.10 C 791.79 W ac/h Infiltration ac/h ac/h Window Orientation NW/SE NW S/SKY Feb Dec 5.43 C 6.62 26.00 17.00 C 927.90895.13 W 18.00 C 937.58924.70 15.30 C 879.24 W Apr 10.03 C26.00 20.00 C 1085.96 1135.62 W 1115.94 C C 20.00 C 23.50 17.70 C W 25.20 19.00 Cm2 W 22.60 14.20 C Heat Loss Coefficiency 1.35 W/K m2 1.27 W/K 0.74 W/K m2 677.16 W Envelope Heat Loss 34.94 W/K 29.83 W/K 54.27 W/K Mar 8.11 C 26.00 20.00 C 20.60 1003.98 1027.98 W 20.10 C 1068.89 May 14.35 26.20 C 20.20 21.70 C Analysis 1143.78 W 21.90 C 1217.66 21.80 1052.78 W Ventilation & Infiltration Heat Loss 42.69ac/h W/K Parameters 42.84ac/h W/K 29.05 W/K 0.1 ac/h Infiltration Apr 10.03 C 26.00 20.00 23.50 0.1 C 1085.96 25.20 0.1 1135.62 W 22.60 1115.94 Jun 16.75 26.83 C 20.83 C 24.50 1195.55 W 24.80 C 1286.64 23.70 C 975.17 W (person) 30 30 15 TotalOccupancy HeatCoefficiency Loss (Daily) 77.63 W/K 72.67 W/K 83.32 W/K Heat Loss 1.35 W/K m2 1.27 W/K m2 0.74 W/K m2 May 14.35 26.20 20.20 21.70 C 57.44 1143.78 21.90 C 57.44 1217.66 21.80 C 112.59 1052.78 Jul Floor Area 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.50 1171.90 27.70 1257.55 27.10 1025.69 m2 W m2 W m2 W Extra Ventilation (Natural Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Ventilation & Infiltration Loss W/K W/K W/K JunGlazing 16.75 C Heat 26.83 20.83 24.5042.69 1195.55 24.8042.84 1286.64 23.7029.05 975.17 Aug 19.41 27.78 C 21.78 C 26.70 C 17.16 1130.82 26.80 C 19.74 1193.28 27.60 C 31.11 1151.44 Area m2 W m2 W m2 W Total Heat Loss (Daily) 77.63 W/K 72.67 W/K 83.32 W/K Jul Window 16.09 19.87 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.50 C 1171.90 W 27.70 C 1257.55 27.10 C 27.63% 1025.69 Sep C Area26.91 20.91 23.00 1062.77 23.00 1101.66 W 24.10 1137.56 W to Floor 29.87% 34.37% Extra Ventilation (Natural Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h AugWindow 19.41 C 27.78 21.78 26.70 1130.82 26.80 1193.28 27.60 1151.44 W Oct 12.19 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.10 C 955.09 W 25.10 C NW/SE 964.92 W 23.70 C 1023.80 Orientation NW/SE S/SKY Sep 16.09 C 26.91 C 20.91 C 23.00 C 1062.77 W 23.00 C 1101.66 W 24.10 C 1137.56 NovEnvelope Heat 8.17 Loss 26.00 20.00 19.40 900.94 20.30 907.27 17.10 791.79 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K W Oct 12.19 C 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.10 C 955.09 W 25.10 C 964.92 W 23.70 C 1023.80 DecInfiltration6.62 26.00 20.00 17.40 18.20 14.20 0.1867.35 ac/h 0.1869.82 ac/h 0.1 677.16 ac/h W Fig. 079. Thermal Analysis CASE 3 Proposed Intervention Strategies NovHeat Loss 8.17 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 19.40 C 1.40Parameters 900.94 20.30 C 1.30 W/K 907.27 17.10 C 0.79 W/K 791.79 Analysis Coefficiency W/K m2W m2W m2W DecVent (person) 6.62 C Heat 26.00 20.00 C 17.40 C30 42.69 867.35 18.20 C3042.84 869.82 14.20 C1529.05 677.16 Occupancy & Infiltration LossC W/K W W/K W W/K W CASE 3 : DESIGN INTENT & + 0.5 WINDOWS H + NATURAL VENTILATION + SE CLERESTORY (SHADED APR-OCT) TableArea 04. Thermal Analysis CASE 3 Parameters Chart XX. Shading Study for CASE 3 Analysis Parameters Floor 57.44 m2 57.44 74.80 m2 W/K 112.5988.78 m2 W/K Total Heat Loss 80.45 W/K Corner Classroom Middle Classroom Shared Teaching Space 35Month .00 Area C Occupancy 30m2 30 m2 15m2 To Comfort Band Glazing 17.16 19.74 31.11 Extra (person) Vent (Natural Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Shading Study for CASE 3 Heat VENTILATION Gain Ti+ SE CLERESTORY Heat Gain(SHADEDTi CASE 3 : DESIGN INTENT & + 0.5 WINDOWSTiH + NATURAL APR-OCT)Heat Gain Floor Area 57.44 m2 W/K m2 57.44 m2W/K m2 112.59 m2W/K m2 Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% Comfort Band Heat Loss Coefficiency 2.69 2.79 1.25 Time 30 .00 JanC 5.42 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 16.70 CClassroom 904.18 W 17.80 C 927.31 W 13.90 C 751.83 Corner Middle Classroom Shared Teaching Space W Room Location Glazing Area 17.16 m2 19.74 m2 W/K 31.11 m2 W/K Morning Noon 3PM Month To Comfort Band Window Orientation NW/SE NW128.55 S/SKY Vent & Infiltration Heat Loss 116.84 W/K 81.50 Outdoor T o FebC 5.43 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 17.10 C Heat 942.08 18.30 C Heat 965.63 15.30 C Heat 879.24 Ti GainW Ti GainW Ti GainW Middle Classroom Clerestory APR to AUG MAR to SEP 2 5 .00 Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% Envelope Heat Loss 37.76 W/K W/K 31.96 W/K W/K 59.73 W/K W/K Total Heat Loss 154.60 160.51 141.23 Corner Classroom Clerestory Clerestory APR to AUG MAY to JULY Mar 8.11 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 20.70 1015.08 22.10 1049.93 20.10 1068.89 Jan 5.42 16.70 C 904.18 W 17.80 C 927.31 W 13.90 C 751.83 W Window Orientation NW/SE NW S/SKY Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h Corner Extra Vent (Natural Ventilation) 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h SE Windows SEP to FEB 2 0 .00 Apr 10.03 26.00 C 20.00 C 23.40 1078.56 25.00 1120.99 22.60 1115.94 FebC 5.43 C 17.10 C 942.08 W 18.30 C 965.63 W 15.30 C 879.24 W Classroom Corner Classroom Clerestory Envelope Loss 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Heat Loss Heat Coefficiency May 14.35 26.20 C 20.20 C 21.60 C 1115.42 W 21.60 1161.57 W 21.80 C 1052.78 Mar 8.11 C 26.00 20.00 20.70 1015.08 22.10 C 1049.93 20.10 1068.89 W 15 .00 C Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K Vent & Infiltration Heat Loss Base Case Jun 16.75 C 26.83 C 20.83 C 24.10 C 1140.38 W 24.10 C 1185.42 23.70 C 975.17 W Apr 10.03 26.00 20.00 23.40 1078.56 25.00 1120.99 W 22.60 1115.94 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Heat Loss 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Total HeatCoefficiency Loss 10 .00 JulC 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.20 1131.83 W 27.20 1178.28 27.10 1025.69 May 14.35 26.20 20.20 21.60 C 1115.42 21.60 C 1161.57 W 21.80 C 1052.78 W Case 1 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K Vent & Infiltration Loss 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h Aug 19.41 27.78 C 21.78 C 26.60 1117.88 W 26.70 1167.67 W 27.60 1151.44 Jun 16.75 C 26.83 20.83 24.10 C 1140.38 24.10 C 1185.42 23.70 C 975.17 W 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Total Heat Loss 5 .00 C Coefficiency Case 2 Heat Loss 2.69 W/K m2 2.79 W/K m2 1.25 W/K m2 Sep 16.09 26.91 20.91 23.00 1067.08 23.00 1110.19 W 24.10 1137.56 W Jul 19.87 C 27.67 C 21.67 C 27.20 C 1131.83 W 27.20 C 1178.28 27.10 C 1025.69 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Extra & Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Vent Infiltration Loss Oct 12.19 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.40 979.75 W 25.70 1013.70 23.70 C 1023.80 AugC 19.41 C 27.78 21.78 26.60 C 1117.88 26.70 C 1167.67 W 27.60 1151.44 W 0 .00 Case 3 Heat Loss 2.69 W/KW/K m2 2.79 W/KW/K m2 1.25 W/KW/K m2 Total HeatCoefficiency Loss 154.60 160.51 141.23 Nov 8.17 C 26.00 20.00 19.70 C 929.30 W 21.00 C 963.37 W 17.10 C 791.79 W Sep 16.09 26.91 C 20.91 C 23.00 1067.08 23.00 1110.19 24.10 1137.56 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Vent & Infiltration Loss 35 .00 C (NaturalHeat 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h Extra Vent Ventilation) Dec 6.62 C 26.00 20.00 17.70 C 895.13 W 19.00 C 924.70 W 14.20 C 677.16 W Oct 12.19 26.11 C 20.11 C 24.40 979.75 25.70 1013.70 23.70 1023.80 Total Heat Loss 154.60 W/K 160.51 W/K 141.23 W/K Analysis Parameters NovC 8.17 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 19.70 C 929.30 W 21.00 C 963.37 W 17.10 C 791.79 W 30 .00 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h Extra Vent (Natural Ventilation) Occupancy (person) Dec 6.62 C 26.00 C 20.00 C 17.70 C30 895.13 W 19.00 C30 924.70 W 14.20 C15 677.16 W 2 5 .00 C Floor Area 57.44 m2 57.44 m2 112.59 m2 Analysis Parameters Middle Glazing Area(person) 17.16 19.74 31.11 Occupancy 30m2 30 m2 15m2 2 0 .00 C Classroom Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% Floor Area 57.44 m2 57.44 m2 112.59 m2 15 .00 C WindowArea Orientation NW/SE NW/SE S/SKY Glazing 17.16 m2 19.74 m2 31.11 m2 Base Case Envelope Heat Loss 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K Window to Floor Area 29.87% 34.37% 27.63% 10 .00 C Case 1 Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h Window Orientation NW/SE NW/SE S/SKY 5 .00 Loss C Heat Case 2 Heat Coefficiency 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Envelope Loss 37.76 W/K 31.96 W/K 59.73 W/K Vent & Infiltration Heat Loss 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K Infiltration 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0.1 ac/h 0 .00 C Case 3 Total Loss HeatCoefficiency Loss 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Heat 1.40 W/K m2 1.30 W/K m2 0.79 W/K m2 Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Vent Loss 42.69 W/K 42.84 W/K 29.05 W/K 30 .00 & CInfiltration Shading Study for CASE 3 Heat Loss 2.69 W/K m2 2.79 W/K m2 1.25 W/K m2 Total HeatCoefficiency Loss 80.45 W/K 74.80 W/K 88.78 W/K Time Room Location Morning Noon 3PM 2 5 .00& CInfiltration Vent Loss 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h 0.0 ac/h Shading Study for to CASE Middle Classroom Clerestory APR AUG3 MAR to SEP Total Loss HeatCoefficiency Loss 154.60 160.51 141.23 Heat 2.69 W/KW/K m2 2.79 W/KW/K m2 1.25 W/KW/K m2 Time Corner Classroom Clerestory Clerestory APR to AUG MAY to JULY Room Location Shared 2 0 .00 & CInfiltration Morning Noon 3PM Extra Vent (NaturalHeat Ventilation) 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h 4.0 ac/h Vent Loss 116.84 W/K 128.55 W/K 81.50 W/K Corner Classroom Clerestory SE Windows SEP to FEB Teaching

Case 3: Design Intent + 0.5 meter NW glazing height increase + Openable Clerestory windows for Warm Period natural ventilation + Re-orienting Clerestory window to SE for extra solar heat gain for Cold Periods + Solar control for SE Clerestory to prevent overheating in the Warm Period and glare from direct sun.

Nov to Mar

Jan Month Feb

Comfort Band

Apr to Sep

er d ow

Apr toApr Septo Nov Sep toNov Marto Mar

Thermal Analysis Case 2 Parameters

Month

Apr to Apr Sep toNov Sep toNov Mar to Mar

d be d h.

Table. 01.

Total Heat Loss 15 .00 C Extra Vent (Natural Ventilation)

154.60 W/K 4.0 ac/h

160.51 W/K 4.0 ac/h

Space

141.23 W/K 4.0 ac/h

Middle Classroom Corner Classroom Clerestory Corner Classroom Clerestory

Base Case

10 .00 C

Case 1

5 .00 C

Case 2

0 .00 C

Case 3 JAN

FEB SPRING TERM

MAR

APR

MAY JUN SUMMER TERM

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT NOV AUTUMN TERM

DEC

CASE 1

Increase W/F Ratio

CASE 2

Increase W/F Ratio Summer Natural Vent.

CASE 3

Increase W/F Ratio Summer Natural Vent SE Clerestory Clerestory Shading

FIG. 080.

Hypotheses Testing Diagram & Result Thermal Analysis comparing Base Case to 3 other cases // Comparative analysis between the three classrooms

Clerestory Clerestory SE Windows

APR to AUG APR to AUG SEP to FEB

MAR to SEP MAY to JULY

HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Solar Analysis

Incident Solar Radiation on Courtyard Glazing

D e sign Re s e ar c h

MArch SED 2016

HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Solar Analysis By looking at Incident Solar

COURT YARD GLAZING The team wanted to test how the existing overhang is performing by looking at Incident Solar Radiation on the glazing, speciﬁcally at the south facing façade at the courtyard. We can see that the overhang is performing quite well here, with 50% of solar radiation compared to having no overhang in June and slightly more solar radiation in the COURT YARD GLAZING Thewhich team wanted test how the existing performing winter, wouldtoreduce heating load overhang in winterisslightly (Figby062).

Radiation on the glazing, specifically at the south facing UDI <100 Lux façade at the courtyard, we can see PLAY AREA GLAZING The overhang at the Northwest façade has a lesser effect. We can see that the overhang is performing that there is little difference between the three different scenarios (Fig. 063) quite well, with 50% less of solar However, the analysis does show that the zigzag overhang is slightly compared to having no more effective than radiation the straight overhang. It equalizes solar radiation for each classrooms, compared with the straight overhang where the in which June and slightly inner two classroomsoverhang would get less solar gain, could cause problems since we know from the Care Taker that this Classroom Wing has the same thermostat zone. But looking at the small in kWh/the winter. more solar radiation m2 differences, the cost and beneﬁt might not be convincing, but the

BASE // with Overhang

No Overhang

Incident Solar Radiation on Courtyard Glazing BASE // with Overhang

No Overhang

looking at Incident Solar Radiation on the glazing, speciﬁcally at the south facing façade at the courtyard. We can see that the overhang is performing quite well here, with 50% of solar radiation compared to having no overhang in June and slightly more solar radiation in the winter, which would reduce heating load in winter slightly (Fig 062).

PLAY AREA GLAZING The overhang at the Northwest façade has a lesser effect. We can see that there is little difference between the three different scenarios (Fig. 063)

However, the analysis does show that the zigzag overhang is slightly more effective than the straight overhang. It equalizes solar radiation for each classrooms, compared with the straight overhang where the inner two classrooms would get less solar gain, which could cause problems sincedoes we know Care Taker that thisofClassroom zigzag overhang add from to thetheoverall aesthetic the building. Wing has the same thermostat zone. But looking at the small kWh/ m2 differences, the cost and beneﬁt might not be convincing, but the zigzag overhang does add to the overall aesthetic of the building.

MARCH 1 - 31

36.76 kWh/m 2

MARCH 1 - 31

41.30 kWh/m 2

36.76 kWh/m 2

JUNE 1 - 30

41.30 kWh/m 2

25.57 kWh/m 2

JUNE 1 - 30

25.57 kWh/m 2

52.27 kWh/m 2

DECEMBER 1 - 30

15.31 kWh/m 2

13.88 kWh/m 2

ANNUAL TOTAL:

377.50 kWh/m 2

487.50 kWh/m 2

52.27 kWh/m 2

UDI 100-2000 Lux

15.31 kWh/m 2

DECEMBER 1 - 30

FIG 062.

ANNUAL TOTAL: Incident solar radiation on Kitchen Courtyard glazing FIG 062.

377.50 kWh/m 2

Incident solar radiation on Kitchen Courtyard glazing

13.88 kWh/m 2

487.50 kWh/m 2

Incident Solar Radiation on Glazing (Courtyard)

HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Lighting Analysis

Daylight // Base Case - Current Performance

UDI >2000 Lux

Materials were chosen carefully to match the existing conditions as closely as possible in order to yield more accurate simulations for analysis. Below is a list of the material reflectance used in the daylight model for base case as well as material alteration for the proposed refurbishment case. Simulations were ran to test the performance of the existing daylight conditions and find ways to improve it. Fig. 069 compares the Base Case to Case 1, which is increasing the window to floor ration by raising the glazing by 0,5 meter. We can see that this does have a positive impact on the daylighting potential of the N classrooms, with & a 6% daylightSCHOOL autonomy increase. OLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY NURSERY

Lighting Analysis

Daylight Simulation Material Reflectance:

sDA

300 lux [50%]

Mean DF Glare

23%

Daylight Availability

1.2% 0.0%

Corner: 15.0% Middle: 13.6% Shared: 11.1%

Corner: 15.5% Middle: 13.6% Shared: 34.4%

Daylight // Base Case - Current Peformance

Base Case Interior Surfaces Total Reflectance:

ased on occupant interviews and site observations, the lights in the assrooms and Shared Teaching Space are monitored by motion ensors. The teachers noted that it is possible to manually switch f the lights in the classrooms for playing videos and lessons that Glazing: quire the projector. However, the team observed that there were no witches for theClerestory main ceiling lights at the Shared Teaching Space. The ceiling: 81.5% achers also mentioned that they would normally leave the lights on under 33% roughout theWood day, except whenoverhang: using the projectors.

Navy blue carpet:

5.3%

a glance, the classrooms and shared teaching space are relatively Linotium ﬂooring: 40% ark in surface colors, with lots of primary colored arts and posters walls & ceilings:brown wooden walls33% p on the wallsWooden of the rooms. The light-medium nd ceiling addLight a sensepanels: of warmth to the spaces, but at the same 22.8% me detracts from the brightness of the atmosphere. When the team Acoustic panels: witched off the lights to take daylight lux spot measurements, it was33.7% vident that the classrooms not be functional within a meter 27% Navy bluewould cabinet: way from the windows at the NW elevation on an overcast day in Yellow cabinet surfaces: 49% te fall/early winter. The areas directly under the clerestory show a furniture: ightly higherWooden lux level, however, the dark blue cabinets along that 38% all do not help with distributing White board the incoming daylight due to its low 82.6% ﬂectivity (~6%). The other thing to note is that while the space under Projector screen:potential, the positioning of the82.6% e clerestory has higher daylighting abinets prohibits this space fromboards: being used as the main learning/ 12.8% Green pinup aching area, due to the need for a circulator path between cabinets pinup boards:the cabinets to another wall 6.3% suggests that relocating nd desks. ThisBlue nd turning the space directly below the clerestory into learning and19.7% Purple pinup boards: aching space would be ideal to effectively take advantage of the Posters on glazing: 84% vailable natural light.

Table tops:

nother question comes to mind is how much would changing the Chairs: avy blue carpet help with the lighting level of the classrooms?

Tables & chairs metal legs:

38% 6.3% 34.8%

200 L ux 180 L ux 160 L ux 140 L ux 120 L ux 100 L ux 80 L ux 60 L ux

Daylight // Case 1 - Increase NW glazing by 0.5m height 40 L ux 20 L ux

FIG. 064.

% Occupied Hours lux [50%] sDA 300

DaylightN// Point-in-time Mean33DF 50 0 17illuminance Glare

Illuminance, Lux

ow much would increasing the window height to an additional 0.5 eter help the daylighting of the classrooms? Is it worth it considering e potential heat loss (not a signiﬁcant heat gain since it is NW facing) om such modiﬁcation?

Case 3 Material Reflectance Changed Total Reflectance:

he Shared Teaching Space on the other hand is relatively brighter an the classrooms due to its southeast glazing façade as well as e lighter (beige) flooring material. It would benefit from addressing e issue of having no on/off light switches for this space, especially hen this space is fully occupied throughout the day. To reduce Gray carpet: 19% ectricity consumption, it would be ideal to have the ceiling lights Lighter wall finish: 50% n different switches to correspond to the density and schedule of ccupants. Solar control is also crucial for this space since it does get rect sunlight from the SE glazed façade, with April to September in e (morning/afternoon) being the strongest as illustrated by sunpatch agrams and solar radiation diagrams on Fig. 062-063, respectively.

he two skylights next to the bathrooms also contribute to the overall stribution of lighting in this space, preventing this area to be in a arker contrast to the rest of the space. The team speculates that the kylights would further enhance the daylighting potential of this room they were splayed instead of straight down.

Illuminance lux spot measurements for Middle (red) Classroom and Corner (green) Classroom

Daylight Availability

29% 671.2% 83 0.0%

Corner: 27.0% Middle: 20.7% Shared: 10.8%

100

Corner: 27.4% Middle: 20.7% Shared: 34.4%

<100

03/21 12:00 Overcast >2,000

03/21 12:00 Clear Sky

FIG. 065. Point-in-time daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance during different months and sky conditions

FIGURE 069.

Daylighting Analysis : Case Studies 40

Annual climate-based daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance

0 3 | H ol y Tr ini t y Pr imar y S c ho ol N

PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Analysis

Daylight // Base Case - Current Peformance

rviews and site observations, the lights in the Teaching Space are monitored by motion oted that it is possible to manually switch ssrooms for playing videos and lessons that owever, the team observed that there were no eiling lights at the Shared Teaching Space. The d that they would normally leave the lights on cept when using the projectors.

200 L ux

ooms. The light-medium brown wooden walls e of warmth to the spaces, but at the same brightness of the atmosphere. When the team to take daylight lux spot measurements, it was oms would not be functional within a meter at the NW elevation on an overcast day in he areas directly under the clerestory show a l, however, the dark blue cabinets along that istributing the incoming daylight due to its low other thing to note is that while the space under er daylighting potential, the positioning of the space from being used as the main learning/ he need for a circulator path between cabinets ts that relocating the cabinets to another wall directly below the clerestory into learning and be ideal to effectively take advantage of the

160 L ux 140 L ux 120 L ux 100 L ux

ting Analysis

Daylight // Case 2 = Case 1 + Re-orient clerestory to SE 80 L ux

60 L ux

40 L ux 20 L ux

FIG. 064.

Hours = 2232 hours

Illuminance lux spot measurements for Middle (red) Classroom and Corner (green) Classroom

sDA

[50%] % Occupied Hours 300 lux

Mean DF DaylightN// Point-in-time 0 Glare17illuminance 33 50

8:00 – 16:00 upant from 9:00 – 15:00 s to minddensity is how much would changing the with the lighting level of the classrooms? n hour before and after)

3) achieved the

meeting the criteria for 50% of time pace on the other hand is relatively brighter UDI ). 50%glazing façade as well as e to its100-2000, southeast

ring material. It would beneﬁt from addressing

Daylight Availability

48%

1.8% 67 0.0%

Corner: 46.2% Middle: 52.7% Shared: 11.1%

100

Corner: 46.7% Middle: 55.6% Shared: 34.2%

Illuminance, Lux

iod: September 5th to July 21st

asing the window height to an additional 0.5 ting of070. the classrooms? Is it worth it considering Fig. the proposed solution (Case (not a signiﬁcant heat gain since it is NW facing) ?d target of:

180 L ux

oms and shared teaching space are relatively NITY PRIMARY &posters NURSERY SCHOOL with lots CE of primary colored arts and

on/off of lightthe switches for is thiswell space,daylit especially 53% space for half of the occupied occupied throughout the day. To reduce Factor of 1.9% n,Mean it wouldDaylight be ideal to have the ceiling lightsand Glare of 0.0% of the correspond to the density and schedule of urs

ol is also crucial for this space since it does get e SE glazed façade, with April to September in n) being the strongest as illustrated by sunpatch iation diagrams on Fig. 062-063, respectively.

to the bathrooms also contribute to the overall in this space, preventing this area to be in a est of the space. The team speculates that the enhance the daylighting potential of this room stead of straight down.

<100

03/21 12:00 Overcast

03/21 12:00 Clear Sky

FIG. 065. Point-in-time daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance during different months and sky conditions

>2,000

Daylight // Case 3 = Case 2 + lighter carpet & walls sDA

300 lux [50%]

Mean DF

Daylight Availability

53% 1.9% 0.0%

SPRING TERMGlare

112

Corner: 52.7% Middle: 56.7% Shared: 35.0%

30.00 C

Proposed Case Daylighting Analysis Result

Corner: 52.2% Middle: 53.8% Shared: 11.8%

SUMMER TERM

AUTUMN TERM

25.00 C

20.00 C

15.00 C

FIGURE 070.

10.00 C

Annual climate-based daylight analysis diagrams showing current building daylight performance

5.00 C

0.00 C

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

WINTER STRATEGIES Increase W/F Ratio SE Clerestory SUMMER STRATEGIES Natural Ventilation Shaded Clerestory

Thermal C

o m fo rt B a n d (per EN 15251)

Corner Classroom

FIG. 081.

Middle Classroom

Outdoor Temperature Shared Teaching Space

Proposed Intervention CASE 3 // Comparative analysis between the three classrooms

Proposed Case Thermal Analysis Result

A s s e sment Summar y HOLY TRINITY CE PRIMARY & NURSERY SCHOOL

Refurbishment Summary

Increase glazing height by 0.5m for daylighting

relocate trees and add another row of bleacher benches to make both sides sittable 58

Fig. 082.

add a sittable edge to vegetable planters for outdoor reading and quiet play

re-orient clerestory for better daylight access and increase solar gain in winter

Section Perspective view showing proposed interventions and the relationship between adjacent outdoor spaces, classroom, shared

teaching space, and the kitchen courtyard.

PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT SUMMARY The Holy Trinity Primary School is an excellent example of refurbishment with a tight schedule and budget. The Architects and Engineers have achieved a great amount while balancing function and aesthetic. After in-depth analysis, we discovered several things that can be improved if given a more relaxed schedule and budget. These strategies would bring the high indoor temperatures during the warm period into the comfort band and increase the indoor temperature during the cold period by 1-2K. The building would still

need some heating during the cold periods, but the heating load would be reduced. By implementing these refurbishment proposals, the Key Stage 2 Classroom Wing would reduce energy consumption by about 50% from artificial lighting and close to free-running for heating and cooling. Consequently, the school will significantly save operational cost over time and reduce CO2 emissions, while providing students with a more adaptive and natural learning environment.

บุ ญ แล้ ว ทู น หั ว ได้ ผ ั ว ขี ่ ฟ ิ ก ซ์

Funny Mod Thai Proverb: Girl! Just how lucky you are dating a fixie guy!

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

03 Wo h e r D e r : B i c y c l e H o s t e l Udonthani | Thailand

The project started with an intense discussion between owners and the designers on developing this deserted four storey office building in the heart of Udon Thani. The conclusion to converted this building into hostel came after considering the growth of tourism business, size and interior space, and limitation and potential of the building location. Hostels are getting more popular in Thailand not only because they are affordable but also the friendliness of staff and guests

which bring the opportunity to get to exchange idea and thoughts with new and interesting people. Hostels have become unique temporary community space. Bicycles are popular among all ages in Thailand. Udonthani urban concept aims to convert the city to be bicycle friendly as to be more sustainable and for the people's health. Udonthani is also a prime destination of both Trek and Touring cyclist. The project is bound to finish in the 4th quarter of 2017.

Rice Field

Living Area

Kitchen

Bedroom

Pr e f ac e & C onc ep t

ent

Basem

Conceptual Diagram

DESIGN CONCEPT : I-SARN STYLE The design concept aims to recreate a local North-Eastern (I-Sarn) lifestyle which is beautifully unique. The mentioned lifestyle would be medium through local materiality, the order of functions, and furniture. The design will portrait the relation of tight-knitted farmer community byrecreate the spaces where the

local usually gather. The use of the vivid plastic item and bold colour Pa-Koa-Ma boost the atmosphere of the chaotically simple way of life. Funny Proverbs appear on walls also illustrate the view of the life of I-Sarn people who always work-hard in high spirit even though encountering rough patches.

2 FLOOR PLAN

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

G FLOOR PLAN

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

PRELIMINARY 01 15 JULY 2015

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

SECTION SECTION03 03

1st Floor Plan

SECTION SECTION04 04

ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR

LIVING LIVING AREA AREA

CAFE CAFE

OFFICE OFFICE

44 BED BED FEMALE FEMALE DORM DORM

LIVING LIVING AREA AREA

1010 BED BED MIXED MIXED DORM DORM

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

PANTRY PANTRY

ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR

ENSUIT ENSUIT 0202

HALLWAY HALLWAY

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

Ground Floor Plan

66 BED BED MIXED MIXED DORM DORM

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 15/203 St.Louis St.Louis Grand Grand Terrace Terrace Condo, Condo, Sathorn Sathorn 11, 11, South South Sathorn Sathorn RD., RD., Sathorn, Sathorn, Yannawa, Yannawa, Bangkok Bangkok 10120 10120

WC WC

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

WC WC

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

GARDEN GARDEN

KITCHEN KITCHEN

PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY 0101 1515 JULY JULY 2015 2015

HALLWAY HALLWAY

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

CAFE CAFE

BICYCLE BICYCLE HOSTEL HOSTEL UU DD OO NN TT HH AA NN I I

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

3 FLOOR PLAN

ROOF TOP FLOOR PLAN

D e sign O u t c ome

PRELIMINARY 01 15 JULY 2015

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

BICYCLE HOSTEL

U D O N T H A N I

2ndFloor Plan

SECTION SECTION 0101

Rooftop Floor Plan(s)

SECTION SECTION 0202

Section(s)

STORAGE

ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR ROOFTOP ROOFTOP BAR BAR

ENSUITENSUIT ROOMROOM

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

4 BED 4 BED MIXEDMIXED DORm DORm

COMMUNITY COMMUNITY LIBRARY LIBRARY BOARDBOARD

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

BICYCLE BICYCLE PARKING PARKING FOYERFOYER

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY 01 01 15/203 St.Louis 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Grand Terrace Condo, Condo, 15 JULY15 2015 JULY 2015 Sathorn Sathorn 11, South 11, Sathorn South Sathorn RD., RD., Sathorn,Sathorn, Yannawa, Yannawa, BangkokBangkok 10120 10120

LIVINGLIVING AREA AREA

COMMON COMMON AREA AREA

BICYCLE BICYCLE PARKING PARKING

4 BED 4 BED FEMALE FEMALE DORM DORM

CAFE CAFE

GARDEN GARDEN

46 BICYCLE BICYCLE HOSTEL HOSTEL U DU O D N O TN HT AH NA IN I

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

FAĂ&#x2021;ADE & INTERIOR DESIGN Bamboo is the primary material of facade design; not only because it can be plentifully found locally and cheap in price but is also show the identity of the I-Sarn architecture.

The steel structure and building elements were chosen because it is flexible and lightweight which is a suitable material for creating tweaks in renovation project

D e sign O u t c ome

Construction Detail

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m)

Wild Bamboo Dia35-40 mm

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m)

4th Floor Faรงade Detail

D e sign O u t c ome

Wild Bamboo Dia35-40 mm

Rubber Gasket 3mm thickness (Size TBC by Architect)

Bolt & Nut (Size TBC by Architect)

L Shaped Steel 40x40mm (1.85kg/m) Bolt & Nut (Size TBC by Architect)

Bamboo Installation Detail 50

0 3 | B ike H o s t el

Entrance Area {Proverb: Sleep with me, free WiFi}

Lobby

D e sign O u t c ome

First Floor Common Area { Proverb: The rider behind is also my bud}

Second Floor Common Area {Proverb: Earn one's keep}

Stair to Rooftop Bar {Udontopia}

0 4 | L ab or at or y R ama t hib o de e H o spi t al

Faรงade Design

Pr e f a c e

04 Laboratory Ramathibodee Hospital Phyathai, Bangkok | Thailand

Laboratory design is a very sensitive kind because it requires the understanding of function and equipment, as well as basic maintenance methods to be able to achieve well-fitted layout, materiality and styles of furniture. The major problem occurred on this project was the lack of this set knowledge by the designers causing the design to fail upon installation. Additionally, the construction work in the hospital is likewise sensitive. The work needed to be scheduled according to the hospital working hours, particularly, to control of the construction noise to the level that it would not disturb the patients, especially the nearby Psychology Department.

Because of these issues, Abbott Laboratories, the main donator of this renovation, hired the consultant to coordinate with the contractor and designer to complete the project correctly and within the deadline. The consultant responsibilities covered; • • • • • •

site and construction work inspection Arranging weekly and monthly meetings with the contractor, the users, and the designers Re-organising work schedule Discussing with the designers regarding design revision Resolving construction and equipment installation issues Prepare documentation

05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e

Faรงade Design

Pr e f a c e

05 S34 Residence

Sukhumvit, Bangkok | Thailand The Swiss-German, Mr Kundert, bought this impressive home on Sukhumvit 34 street, Bangkok Central as a retirement home for himself and his family. While loving Thai culture and tropical climate, Mr Kundert wished to add European sense to the house as to accentuate the identity of his mix-cultured family. The scope of work covered renovating the already in good condition house by featuring exterior, interior and landscape design while providing fitted spaces for Mr Kundert's

beloved collection of Scandinavian style furniture which each piece of furniture has a unique character. To save cost, the structure which was ideally in good condition were all maintained. The designer pulled out the old identity of the existing house and mixed them together with the contrast modern style by displaying the first-floor timber structure and add details of steel frames to reinforce the structure. While keeping the whole skeleton of the house, the atmosphere and appearance have been altered to the clients' taste.

05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e

Ground Floor Plan

1500ltr WATER TANK

Game Room Outdoor Dining

Living Room

Dinning Room

Tea Room

Guest Room

POOL MECHANICAL ROOM*

First Floor Plan

1st Floor Plan

ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com Project: S34 Residence 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Owner: Mr. Stefan Kundert Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Location: Sukhumvit 34 Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

MIX & MATCH The proposed design concept is to provide a showroom for the piecesof-art items of furniture while still keeping the cosy feeling. Despite loving Asian antiques and decorative detail, Mr Kundert also loves the

pattern of minimalism and functional design. These contradictory ideas of the house had become a great challenge to work with from the start to the end.

2nd Floor Plan

D e sign O u t c ome

Detail

05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e

Canopy Detail

D e sign O u t c ome

Stairs Detail 60

05 | S 3 4 Re sidenc e Tropical meets Scandinavian

LANDSCAPE DESIGN In the process of landscape design, the old mature tree was examined. The concept is to control the colour mood which matches with the simplicity of the exterior design by choosing plants that bare white, green, and red allow the garden to

look refreshing and yet look minimal and stylish. The texture and layout are based on natural by implementing raw stone, unpolished pebble, and shaped rotten timber to create natural ambience.

D e sign O u t c ome Plant in Pool zone ��

Existing Tree

��

�� Covering ground surface with gravel ��

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ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Covering ground surface with gravel Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120 ��

��

Plant in Living zone

scale 1:50

Landscape Plan-Central Zone

Project:�� Khun Stefan Residence Owner:�� Mr.�� Stefan Kundert Location: 34 ��Sukhumvit ��

Existing Tree

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Different level

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Existing Tree

Vertical Garden

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ricepopper.designstudio@gmail.com 15/203 St.Louis Grand Terrace Condo, Sathorn 11, South Sathorn RD., Sathorn, Yannawa, Bangkok 10120

Project: Owner: Location:

Khun Stefan Residence Mr. Stefan Kundert Sukhumvit 34

scale 1:50

Landscape Plan-Living Zone

Covering ground surface with gravel

��

Existing Tree

��

07 | M o dular f or Di s a s t er V ic t im s

Structure Diagram

Pr e f a c e

07 Plain-Plane

Modular for Diaster Victims Anywhere | Thailand The Plain-Plane house is a part of a research project done for Silpakorn University-based nonprofit organisation, "CPR: Center of Prefab for Disaster Relief". The study aimed to develop practical prefabricated houses which can be built easily and quickly in any terrain and site condition for those who suffer from either natural or humanmade disaster. The Plain-Plane house was developed by RicePopper studio using 2D panel prefabricating system which relies on

load bearing wall structure. The system was picked because; • The variety of component materials • Small panel size can be transported. • The dry-construction system The panel developed in this project is a lightweight framing structure using folded galvanised steel to increase the material's strength. This folded metal frame allow the components to be lightweight enough to be installed without heavy machines.

07 | M o dular f or Di s a s t er V ic t im s

MODULE MAKES PERFECT (FOR EXPANSION) The Plain-Plane house also allows owners to extend their home if needed. Even though the government will only be able to provide only standard type unit (37sq.m.) in case of disaster. However because the made-to-be-simple structure

system can be easily built by the residents, the building materials such as modules and bolts could be purchased later at the reasonable price. This flexibility feature provide the opportunity to extend or rebuild to fulfil Thai expanding family norm.

D e sign O u t c ome

The lightweight system is flexible to be installed on raised concrete or steel structure platform with beam and column system. It can also be fixed on the ground slab.

Standard Model

Plain-Plane House in Natural Context

0 6 | L ondon Far mhou s e

London Farmhouse Conceptual Section, MA in Archirecture Thesis 67

Pr e f a c e

06 London Farmhouse Edible Micro City London | UK “When I have bacon, I don’t go home and fry them in my own pan. That way I might get fed, but I’ll take it to the village kitchen and see how many people could be fed” - Brandy Gallagher (O.U.R Eco Village founder) Are we the only intelligent creature? Ants could develop an efficient working system in the colony. The system is simple; ants do not act individually; they behave according to the needs of the colony. Every single ant works strictly on designated responsibilities, and when unexpected events happen, they all together adapt to the situation. Like ants, men used to have "Spirit of Village" which is the way of commune living where the

members of society think about the well-being not only of themselves but the whole community. In Utopia, every year, a group of people would be sent to a countryside to learn how to maintain agriculture land. Each group would spend 2 years working and teaching the new crews. Utopia is a perfect example of how urban agriculture could work; The project aims to deliver an architecture that can fulfil agriculture purpose allowing people to switch from insecure life style to a new way of subsistence living. This EdibleArchitecture uses maximum space efficiency to produce food at its full capacity. Each part of the building is to be used for farming.

Utopia as depicted by Thomas More

0 6 | L ondon Far mhou s e

REVERSED ENERGY PYRAMID Ecological system is simple yet effective nevertheless. The widely recognised system is the energy pyramid which shows a proportion and relation of and between members in any ecological cycle.

London Farmhouse Concept 69

However, using this arrangement directly might not be the answer. Consider energy use in transport food and items up and down the height of the building to flip the system upside down could allow time and energy saving in transportation.

Pr o gr ammin g

Shared Local Food Resource in Canada Water

Canada Water, London 2013

Canada Water, London as Edible City

0 6 | L ondon Far mhou s e

NATURE & PHYSICS The imitation of tree branches used in this project is a mass form developed from the idea of leaning tower using the ancient knowledge of Japanese pagoda and the physic of the centre

of gravity. The advantages of the tree branchesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; property do not only allow sunlight to get into each floor but also create a structure which transfer loads down to the ground systematically.

D e sign Re s e ar c h & O u t c ome

Reservoir

Vegetation Farm

Fish Farm

Livestock Ranch 72

E x t r a s | L ight ing D e sign E x ample s

The Pavillion, Khoa-Yai

Werachai Residence, Chian Mai

Kiri Villa, Phuket

E x t r a s | Int er ior D e sign E x ample s

3x3x3 House, Bangkok

VA R U N YA J A R U N YA R O J Architect

Environmental Design Specialist

BArch Architectural Work Examples 2004-2009 75

Pr oje c t L i s t

2004-2009 PROJECT(S) LIST Academic | Architectural Design Thesis 2008

Remodeling Urban Zoo Zoo Strategies Turn About: Animals as Real Users

Bangkok

Design Module Projects 2007

High-Rise Residential Project Modern Lifestyle

Bangkok

2006

Museum of Global Warming Experiencing The Day After Tomorrow

Bangkok

2005

Friend's House Traditional Meet Modern

Nakorn Pathom

Pr e f a c e

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Pr e f a c e

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Pr e f a c e

01 | Re t hink ing HDB Fla t

Nakorn Pathom, Thailand 2004, Second Academic Year - Design Project

Pr e f a c e

C ur r ic ulum V I t a e 2017

VA R U N YA Y O O N J A R U N YA R O J ARCHITECT & ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN SPECIALIST CONTACT Linkedin: https://goo.gl/ RLSk2V

AREAS OF EXPERTISES Environmental Design/ Environmental Design Assessment Architectural Design/ Design Research / Programming Construction management & Inspection / Interior Design Architectural Presentation & Documentaion

Email: varunyr.jr@gmail.com Mobile(TH): +66(0)814013139

EDUCATION

LANGUAGE

MArch in Sustainable Environmental Design [Distinction] 2015-2017 Architectural Association School of Architecture (London, UK)

Thai English

Native C1 (Proficient)

CERTIFICATES

2008 - Present Licensed Architect : ภ-สถ14289 (Architect Council of Thailand) TOOLS & SKILLS 2D/3D

BIM Render Graphic Lighting Design

Environmental Design

Documentation

Autocad Rhino Sketchup 3Ds Max Revit ArchiCAD VRay Indesign Illustrator Photoshop Dialux Energy Plus DIVA Ladybugs (GH Honeybees (GH) Flow Design Ecotech Envi-Met Microsoft Office

MA in Architecture [Merit] 2012-2013 University of Westminster (London, UK) BArch 2004-2009 Silpakorn University (Bangkok, TH) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Ricepopper Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2015 - Present Co-Founder 2013 - 2015 Architect and Board member Project Programming | Clients Relation | Design and Construction Consultation | Architectural Design | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management DRBJZ Co. Ltd., (Bangkok) 2010 - 2011 Architect Project Programming | Architectural Design | Construction Detailing | Architectural Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection | Construction Management F.O.S Lighting Design Studio (Bangkok) 2009 - 2010 Junior Lighting Designer Design | Construction Detailing | Presentation | Researching | Construction Inspection