1 valence electron
+1
2 valence electrons
+2
Group 1
hydrogen 1.01 (H is a nonmetal)
2s
Li
3
Group 2
9.01
Na
3s
sodium
Mg
12
24.31
4s
K
potassium
Ca
20
calcium 40.08
39.10
5s
ď Š
37
Rb
rubidium
38
strontium 87.62
85.47 55
132.91 87
7s
Cs
cesium
6s
Fr
francium 223.02
Sr
56
Ba
barium 137.33 88
Ra
radium
226.02
3p
Transition metals: 2 valence electrons
magnesium
22.99
19
B
Group 3
Sc
21
3d
scandium 44.96 39
4d
Y yttrium Lu
92.91
Hf
72
178.49 104
La
Ac
actinium 227.03
73
58
Ce cerium 140.12
90
Th
thorium 232.04
Ta
tantalum
Group 6
Cr
24
105
Db
dubnium 262.11
59
Pr
praseodymium
140.91 91
Pa
protactinium
231.04
Group 7
Mn
25
chromium manganese 52.00 54.94
Mo
42
molybdenum 95.94
W
74
Tc
43
technetium 96.91
Re
75
tungsten
rhenium
183.85
186.21
180.95
261.11
lanthanum 138.91 89
Rf
rutherfordium
262.11
57
Nb
niobium
hafnium
Lr
V
vanadium 50.94 41
91.22
174.97
6d lawrencium
5f
Zr
Group 5
23
zirconium
Lutetium
103
4f
Ti
titanium 47.90 40
88.91 71
5d
Group 4
22
106
Sg
seaborgium
107
bohrium
263.12
60
Nd
neodymium 144.24 92
U uranium 238.03
Bh
264.12
61
Pm
promethium 144.91 93
Np
neptunium 237.05
Group 8
Fe
26
iron 55.85
Ru
44
Group 9
27
ruthenium
Os
osmium 190.20
Hs
108
hassium
Ir
77
Sm
samarium 150.41 94
Pu
plutonium 244.06
Ni Pd Pt
78
platinum 195.09
Mt
Meitnerium
110
Ds
Eu
europium 151.96 95
Am
americium 243.06
silver 107.87 79
Au
gold 196.97
111
Rg
Darmstadtium roentgenium
(268)
63
Ag
106.40
192.22
Cu
copper 63.55 47
palladium
iridium
109
Group 11
29
nickel 58.71 46
102.91
265.13
62
Rh
rhodium
101.07 76
Co
cobalt 58.93 45
Group 10
28
(272)
(281)
64
Gd
gadolinium 157.25 96
Cm
curium (247)
65
Tb
terbium 158.92 97
Bk
berkelium (249)
Al
13
Zn
zinc 65.37
Cd
48
cadmium 112.40 80
Hg
mercury 200.59 112
Uub
Ununbium (285)
66
Dy
dysprosium 162.50 98
Cf
californium (251)
4p
Ga In Tl
67
Uut
Bi
Uuq
Te
(210)
Uup
116
Uuh
argon
35.45
53
Po
Ar
18
chlorine
Se
polonium
208.98 115
Cl
17
39.95
Br
Kr
36
krypton
bromine
83.80
79.91
I
tellurium 127.60 84
bismuth
neon
20.18
Xe
54
iodine 126.90
xenon
131.30 86
At
85
astatine
Rn
radon
(210)
(220)
Uus
117
118
Uuo
ununtrium ununquadium ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium (289) (295) (284) (289) (288) (293)
Ho
Holmium 164.93 99
121.75
207.19 114
52
Ne
10
F
19.00
35
selenium 78.96
Sb
83
lead
204.37 113
7p
Pb
82
thallium
As
He helium 4.00
fluorine
32.07
Antimony)
tin 118.69
114.82 81
6p
Sn
indium
5p
sulfur
34
74.92 51
9
S
16
arsenic
72.59
-1
Group 17
16.00
30.97
Ge
50
O
oxygen
phosphorus
33
germanium
69.72
8
P
15
28.09 32
gallium 49
N
14.01
Noble gases
Group 18
2
halogens
Group 16
nitrogen
silicon
26.98
31
Group 15
7
Si
14
aluminum
Group 12
30
C
carbon 12.01
7
6
-3 -2
Group 14
6
boron 10.81
5
+4, -4
+3
5
2p
beryllium
6.94
4
Group 13
Be
4
lithium 11
metal
1s
3
0
8
Valence electrons:
Alkaline earth metals
H
1
nonmetal
Alkali metals
Es
einsteinium (254)
68
Er
erbium 167.26 100
Fm
fermium 257.10
Tm
69
thulium 168.93 101
Md
mendelevium (256)
Yb
70
ytterbium 173.04 102
No
nobelium (254)
Atomic number to 71
21
Symbol:
Sc
scandium to 103
44.96 metal metalloid
Solid Liquid Gas
Manmade
name Atomic mass
nonmetal
1 valence electron
+1
2 valence electrons
+2
Group 1
hydrogen 1.01 (H is a nonmetal)
2s
Li
3
Group 2
11
Na
sodium
9.01
Mg
12
4s 5s
19
K
potassium 39.10
24.31
37
Rb
rubidium
Ca
20
calcium 40.08 38
strontium 87.62
85.47 55
132.91 87
7s
Cs
cesium
6s
Fr
francium 223.02
Sr
56
Ba
barium 137.33
Ra radium
Group 3
Sc
21
3d
scandium 44.96 39
4d
Y
yttrium 88.91
Lu
71
5d
Group 4
22
Zr zirconium
40
Hf
72
hafnium 178.49
Lr
104
5f
La
Ac
actinium 227.03
23
58
Ce cerium 140.12
90
Th
thorium 232.04
V
vanadium 50.94 41
Nb
niobium 92.91 73
Ta
tantalum
Group 6
Cr
24
105
Db
dubnium 262.11
59
Pr
praseodymium
140.91 91
Pa
protactinium
231.04
Group 7
Mn
25
chromium manganese 52.00 54.94
Mo
42
molybdenum 95.94
W
74
Tc
43
technetium 96.91
Re
75
tungsten
rhenium
183.85
186.21
180.95
261.11
lanthanum 138.91 89
Rf
rutherfordium
262.11
57
Group 5
91.22
174.97
6d lawrencium
4f
Ti
titanium 47.90
Lutetium
103
88
226.02
3p
Transition metals: 2 valence electrons
magnesium
22.99
B
106
Sg
seaborgium
107
bohrium
263.12
60
Nd
neodymium 144.24 92
U uranium 238.03
Bh
264.12
61
Pm
promethium 144.91 93
Np
neptunium 237.05
Group 8
Fe
26
iron 55.85
Ru
44
Group 9
27
45
ruthenium 101.07
Os
76
osmium 190.20
Hs
108
hassium
Sm
samarium 150.41 94
Pu
plutonium 244.06
Rh
rhodium 102.91
Ir
77
Pd
46
195.09
Meitnerium
110
Ds
Eu
europium 151.96 95
Am
americium 243.06
silver 107.87 79
Au
gold 196.97
111
Rg
Darmstadtium roentgenium
(268)
63
Ag
47
Pt
78
Cu
copper 63.55
palladium 106.40
platinum
Mt
29
nickel 58.71
192.22 109
Group 11
Ni
28
iridium
265.13
62
Co
cobalt 58.93
Group 10
(272)
(281)
64
Gd
gadolinium 157.25 96
Cm
curium (247)
65
Tb
terbium 158.92 97
Bk
berkelium (249)
Zn
30
zinc 65.37
Cd
48
cadmium 112.40 80
Hg
mercury 200.59 112
Uub
Ununbium (285)
66
Dy
dysprosium 162.50 98
Cf
californium (251)
indium 114.82
5p
113
7p 67
Uut
114
Bi
Uuq
polonium (210)
208.98 115
Po
84
bismuth
207.19
Uup
116
Uuh
neon
20.18
Cl
17
Ar
18
chlorine
argon
35.45
39.95
Br
35
Kr
36
krypton
bromine
83.80
79.91
I
53
tellurium 127.60
121.75
Ne
10
F
19.00
Xe
54
iodine 126.90
xenon 131.30 86
At
85
astatine
Rn
radon
(210)
(220)
Uus
117
118
Uuo
ununtrium ununquadium ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium (289) (295) (284) (289) (288) (293)
Ho
Holmium 164.93 99
Sb 52 Te Antimony)
83
lead
204.37
selenium 78.96
51
Pb
82
thallium
Se
34
74.92
tin 118.69
Tl
81
6p
Sn
50
As
He helium 4.00
fluorine
32.07
arsenic
72.59
In
49
sulfur
2
Group 17
9
S
16
30.97 33
-1
16.00
phosphorus
germanium
69.72
O
oxygen
P
15
Ge
32
gallium
8
Noble gases
Group 18
halogens
Group 16
N
28.09
Ga
31
4p
Group 15
14.01
silicon
26.98
6
nitrogen
Si
14
aluminum
Group 12
7
-3 -2 7
carbon 12.01
Al
13
C
6
boron 10.81
5
+4, -4 Group 14
+3
5
2p
beryllium
6.94
4
Group 13
Be
4
lithium
3s
metal
H
1
1s
3
0
8
Valence electrons:
Alkaline earth metals
nonmetal
Alkali metals
Es
einsteinium (254)
68
Er
erbium 167.26 100
Fm
fermium 257.10
Tm
69
thulium 168.93 101
Md
mendelevium (256)
Yb
70
ytterbium 173.04 102
No
nobelium (254)
Atomic number to 71
21
Symbol:
Sc
scandium to 103
44.96 metal metalloid
Solid Liquid Gas
Manmade
name Atomic mass
nonmetal
w
1 1 1 0.01097 2 2 2 n
+1
2 valence electrons
Alkali metals
+2
Group 1
1
1s
H
hydrogen 1.01
Alkaline earth metals Group 2
3
Li
4
11
3s 19
4s
24.31
K
Rb Cs
20
87
Fr
francium 223.02
Group 3
21
40.08 38
87.62
Ba
barium 137.33 88
Ra
radium 226.02
Monovalent cations: Group 1, Ag: +1 Group 2, Zn: +2 Group 3, Al: +3
Sc
scandium 44.96 39
Sr
strontium
56
3d
4d
Lu
Lutetium 174.97
6d
lawrencium
103
Lr
(and NH4+)
Zr
57
La
actinium 227.03
23
72
Hf
hafnium 178.49 104
Rf
rutherfordium
41
Ce cerium 140.12
90
Th
thorium 232.04
Nb
niobium 92.91 73
Ta
tantalum 180.95 105
Db
dubnium
261.11
58
V
vanadium 50.94
91.22
lanthanum 138.91
Ac
Group 5
zirconium
262.11
89
common anions
Ti
titanium 47.90 40
Y
71
5f
22
yttrium 88.91
5d
4f
Group 4
262.11
59
Pr
Group 6
24
Cr
Group 7
25
Mn
chromium manganese 52.00 54.94 42
Mo
molybdenum 95.94 74
W
tungsten 183.85 106
Sg
seaborgium 263.12
60
Nd
43
Tc
technetium 96.91 75
Re
rhenium 186.21 107
Bh
bohrium 264.12
61
Pm
praseodymium neodymium 140.91 144.24
promethium 144.91
91
93
Pa
protactinium
231.04
92
U uranium 238.03
Np
neptunium 237.05
Group 8
26
Fe
iron 55.85 44
Ru
Group 9
27
45
ruthenium 101.07 76
Os
osmium 190.20 108
Hs
hassium 265.13
62
Sm
samarium 150.41 94
Pu
plutonium 244.06
Co
cobalt 58.93
Rh
rhodium 102.91 77
Ir
iridium 192.22 109
Mt
Meitnerium
Group 10
28
Eu
europium 151.96 95
Am
americium 243.06
29
Ni
nickel 58.71 46
Pd
Cu
copper 63.55 47
Ag
palladium 106.40 78
Pt
silver 107.87 79
Au
platinum 195.09 110
Ds
gold 196.97 111
Rg
Darmstadtium roentgenium
(268)
63
Group 11
(272)
(281)
64
Gd
gadolinium 157.25 96
Cm curium (247)
65
30
48
80
berkelium (249)
Dy
dysprosium 162.50 98
Cf
californium (251)
Ho
Holmium 164.93 99
208.98
Uuq
Te
115
Uup
Ar
argon
35.45
39.95
35
36
Br
53
I
117
Xe
54
iodine 126.90
Uuh
Kr
krypton 83.80
bromine 79.91
85
116
18
Cl
Po
polonium (210)
neon 20.18
chlorine
tellurium 127.60 84
Bi
bismuth
lead 207.19 114
Uut
52
Sb
83
Pb
82
Se
selenium 78.96
Antimony) 121.75
Ne
19.00
xenon 131.30 86
At
Rn
astatine (210)
Uus
radon (220) 118
Uuo
ununtrium ununquadium ununpentium ununhexium ununseptium ununoctium (289) (295) (284) (289) (288) (293)
7p 67
Tl
51
Sn
34
As arsenic 74.92
tin 118.69
thallium 204.37 113
Uub
Ununbium (285)
33
10
F
17
S sulfur 32.07
30.97
72.59 50
16
He helium 4.00
fluorine
16.00
P
2
Group 17
9
O
phosphorus
Ge
7
oxygen
Noble gases Group 18
-1 halogens
Group 16
8
N
germanium
In
81
Group 15
28.09
indium 114.82
6p
-2
15
Si
69.72 49
-3
14.01
silicon
32
Ga
gallium
5p
Hg
mercury 200.59
66
Bk
4p
Cd
cadmium 112.40
112
31
Zn
zinc 65.37
Tb
terbium 158.92 97
Group 12
14
Al
6
nitrogen
carbon 12.01
aluminum 26.98
5
7
C
boron 10.81 13
3p
Transition metals: 2 valence electrons
Ca
calcium
cesium 132.91
6s 7s
Mg
22.99
rubidium 85.47 55
12
magnesium
potassium 39.10 37
5s
Na
sodium
Group 14
6
B
2p
9.01
6.94
+3
5
Be beryllium
lithium
4
+4, -4
Group 13
(H is a nonmetal)
2s
3
0
8
Valence electrons: metal nonmetal
1 valence electron
Es
einsteinium (254)
68
Er
erbium 167.26 100
Fm
fermium 257.10
Tm
69
thulium 168.93 101
Md
mendelevium (256)
70
Yb
ytterbium 173.04 102
No
nobelium (254)
to 71
Atomic number
21
Symbol: Solid Liquid Gas Manmade
Sc
scandium
to 103
44.96
name Atomic mass
metal metalloid
nonmetal
solution :
16S:
1s2 2s2 2p2 3s2 3p4
Principles and rules of electron configuration Principle or rule Heisenberg
Bad
Good
1s22p1
1s22s1
(e-position uncertain)
1s
1
Aufbau (build up) Hund’s Rule (spread out) Pauli (opp. spins)
1s22s22p2 1s2
Unit 5 electrons Dr. B.’s ChemAdventure
1s22s22p2 1s2