The Northern Rivers Times
November 2, 2023
46 GARDENING
Large Fossil Spider A Guide to Indigenous Australian Plants found in Australia By the Horticultural Media Association LARGE FOSSIL SPIDER FOUND IN AUSTRALIA The first fossil from the brush footed trapdoor spider family ever found. Australlian Museum 20 September, 2023, Sydney: A team of Australian scientists led by Australian Museum (AM) and University of New South Wales (UNSW) palaeontologist Dr Matthew McCurry have formally named and described a fossil spider, Megamonodontium mccluskyi, which is between 11 – 16 million years old. The findings on this new genus of spider have now been published in the 2023 Zoological Journal of Linnean Society. Found at McGraths Flat, NSW, a fossil site known for its iron-rich rock called ‘goethite’, the new genus of spider is the first ever spider fossil of the Barychelidae family to be found. Similar to the living genus, Monodontium (a brushed trapdoor spider) but five times larger, the spider was named after Dr Simon McClusky who found the specimen. A geospatial scientist based in Canberra, McClusky volunteers his time helping on palaeontological excavations. Dr McCurry said that there have been very few fossil spiders found in Australia which makes the discovery very significant. “Only four spider fossils have ever been found throughout the whole continent, which has made it difficult for scientists to understand their evolutionary history. That is why this discovery is so significant, it reveals new information about the extinction of spiders and fills a gap in our understanding of the past.” “The closest living relative of this fossil now lives in wet forests
in Singapore through to Papua New Guinea. This suggests that the group once occupied similar environments in mainland Australia but have subsequently gone extinct as Australia became more arid.” Queensland Museum arachnologist, Dr Robert Raven, who was the supervising author of the study said this was the largest fossil spider to be found in Australia. “Not only is it the largest fossilised spider to be found in Australia but it is the first fossil of the family Barychelidae that has been found worldwide.” “There are around 300 species of brush-footed trapdoor spiders alive today, but they don’t seem to become fossils very often. This could be because they spend so much time inside burrows and so aren’t in the right environment to be fossilised.” University of Canberra Associate Professor, Michael Frese, who used stacking microphotography to scan the fossils said that the fossils from McGraths Flat show an amazing level of detailed preservation. “Scanning electron microscopy allowed us to study minute details of the claws and setae on the spider’s pedipalps, legs and the main body. Setae are hair-like structures that can have a range of functions. They can sense chemicals and vibrations, defend the spider against attackers and even make sounds.” The fossil is now housed in the AM’s palaeontology collection and is available online for researchers to study. A separate paper will be published on the same day in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society describing a jumping spider from McGraths Flat. These are separate publications, but both describe fossils from the same site. Matthew McCurry and Michael Frese are authors on both pieces of work.
Australia boasts a unique landscape, characterised by its diverse ecosystems and a range of climatic zones. At the heart of this distinctiveness lies the country’s indigenous flora – plants that have evolved over millions of years, adapted to Australia’s specific conditions and climate. Cultivating and incorporating indigenous plants in our gardens is not only an homage to the land’s heritage but also an eco-friendly approach to gardening. Benefits of Indigenous Gardening • Sustainability: Native plants have evolved to thrive in the Australian environment. They’re accustomed to the country’s specific soil, rainfall, and temperature patterns, meaning they generally require less water and fewer resources to thrive. • Biodiversity: Indigenous gardens attract native wildlife, from birds and bees to butterflies and beneficial insects. This helps maintain a balanced ecosystem, promoting a healthier environment. • Resilience: Native plants are often more resilient to local pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical interventions. Popular Indigenous Plants for Australian Gardens • Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos): Known for its vibrant red and green flowers, the Kangaroo Paw is a perennial plant that adds
a touch of the exotic to any garden. • Waratah (Telopea): The state flower of New South Wales, the Waratah is admired for its stunning crimson flowers. It’s a hardy shrub that can be a garden’s showstopper during its bloom season. • Bottlebrush (Callistemon): This plant, with its cylindrical, brush-like flowers, ranges in colour from vibrant reds and yellows to soft pinks, making it a versatile choice for gardens. • Grevillea: Also known as spider flowers, Grevilleas come in various forms – from ground covers to tall trees. Their unique flower shapes and nectar attract a variety of birds. • Wattle (Acacia): An Australian icon, the Wattle is celebrated for its bright yellow flowers. It’s a symbol of unity and resilience, making it a meaningful addition to gardens. Tips for Cultivating Indigenous Plants • Know Your Region: Australia’s vastness means it
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encompasses a variety of climatic zones. It’s crucial to choose indigenous plants suitable for your specific region to ensure they thrive. • Soil Preparation: While many indigenous plants are adaptable, it’s a good idea to test your soil’s pH and amend it if necessary. Some native plants prefer slightly acidic soils, while others thrive in more alkaline conditions. • Watering Needs: Although many native plants are droughtresistant, they do benefit from regular watering, especially during their establishment phase. Once mature, they typically require less frequent watering. • Pruning and Maintenance: Regular pruning, especially after the blooming season, can encourage a fuller growth and more prolific flowering in subsequent seasons. • Companion Planting: Indigenous plants often thrive when planted with complementary species that they naturally coexist with in the wild.
Research and choose companion plants that can enhance growth and deter pests. A Step Towards Conservation Incorporating indigenous plants into our gardens is more than just an aesthetic or sustainable choice. It’s a nod to the rich tapestry of Australian history and culture. These plants have played a role in the lives of Indigenous Australians for thousands of years, serving as food, medicine, and tools. By fostering an environment where these plants can thrive, gardeners also contribute to conservation efforts. Many indigenous plant species are threatened by urban development, agriculture, and climate change. Cultivating them in home gardens can help in preserving these unique species for future generations. Australia’s indigenous flora is a testament to the country’s rich biodiversity and heritage. Embracing these plants in our gardens allows us to connect deeper with the land, promote sustainable gardening practices, and play a role in conserving the nation’s botanical treasures. Whether you’re a seasoned gardener or a newbie, there’s an undeniable joy in seeing native plants flourish in your backyard, knowing you’re playing a part in preserving Australia’s botanical legacy.
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