Heia magazine no 40 eng by HEIA

Issue 40 Oct -Dec2009

Contents 4

The future is blooming

7-8 - Celebrating 6 Years of Success - Green Med Awards

Pomegranate

HEIA Board of directors Mr.Hussien Al Aguizy Chairman Mr.Abd El- Hamid Demerdash Vice chairman Dr.Olfat El- Shiaty Secretary General Mr.Mohsen El-Beltagy Treasurer Board members Dr.Monir Armanious Mr.Hammam El-Malt Mr.Gamal Aziz Mr.Helmy Ali Essa Mr.Omar Abu Gabal Heads of the crop councils

Mr.Hosam Awad

Table Grape Council Chairman

Pomegranate

Mr.Khaled El Miligy

Green Beans Council Chairman

Mr.Mohamed Awad Mango Council Chairman

Mr.Sheriff Abdel Razek

Strawberry Information challenge success

Mango Council Vice Chairman

Mr. Khaled Zein El- Din

Editing stuff Eng. Farid Yehia Mrs. Ghadir Ehab Yassin Eng. Khaled Saleh Eng. Mahmoud Sarhan Eng. Mohamed Rafaayee Eng. Reham Fawzy Eng. Said Abd El-aziz

Mr.Moustafa Talha

Agriculture services manager Technical supervision

Nagwa Ibraheem

Information services coordinator Editors

Ms. Al-Zahraa Ezz El-din Eng. Atef Abdel Latif

Executive division 220 Information services division 221 Human resource division 139 Training services division 219 Financial and administration division 212 Technical Field services division 135 Quality services division 134

Mr. Mohamed Adel El Ghandour Cut flower and Ornamental Plants Council Chairman

Mr. Sameh Younan Bibawi Cut flower and Ornamental Plants Council Vice Chairman

Scientific supervision

Extension numbers

Strawberry Council Chairman

Mr.Mohmoud El Ghandour Melon Council Chairman

Mr. Amr Waly

Melon Council Vice Chairman

Dr.Mounir Armanious

Pomegranate Council Chairman

Mr.Hatem El Azawy

Stone fruit Council Chairman

Mr.Abd El Hamid Demerdash The Citrus Council Chairman

Council services division 137 Certification preparation services division 116 - 118 HEIA Airport Perishables Terminal (202) 22653218 HEIA Office Luxor (2095) 2368686

Mr.Hassan Marei

The Citrus Council Vice Chairman

Mr.Mohamed Hosni

The Citrus Council Second Vice Chairman

Mr.Hammam El malt

Tomatoes and Capsicum Council Chairman

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EDG ad. EDG ad.

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Crop Councils Carnation

Chrysanthemum

Anthurium

The future is blooming Scientific material &written by: Eng.Farid Yehia Quality and post harvest advisor. Lisainthus

Translated and edited by: Ms.Ghadir Ehab Agricultural services Manager Assistant

Roses

Gypsophila

Sterlizia

The future of cut flower in Egypt should be considered in the few coming years as Egypt has all the potentials of producing different varieties of cutflower.

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Gerbera

Lilium

Gladiolus

Solidago

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HEIA News During the visit of the Floriculture Consultant “Heidi Wernett” to Some farms of HEIA cut flower council members she highlighted some varieties that can grow in Egypt: These items are exported to about more than 17 countries that open many windows to export for the Egyptian cut flowers growers. To increase the sector export the following obstacles have to be resolved: 1-High Airfreight cost Some exporters tried shipping by sea in various cutflower varieties but it succeeded only with some carnation varieties and not all of them, more research studies are going to be more valuable to start using this alternative. 2-Marketing our flowers takes place through the Dutch Auction to be sold all over Europe. If we establish our own collecting facility in a distinctive place like Luxor or Sharm el-sheikh it will be a good alternative ; having Egypt as a transit point for some

countries as Kenya, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia,South africa ;producers can exhibit their production and this can be an alternative from Dubai Fair as well as Luxor crafts that return back to Europe with vacant spaces can also be used to ship cut flower by air. 3-small farmers needs training Exporters can train the small farmers on the right practices for growing and handling some of the required varieties for export. 4-External study tours for market study and improving production. 5-Handling and post harvest treatment Handling and post harvest treatment needs a very professional staff to work in cutflower farms. 6-The annual demands of imported varieties and cuttings. Specialized and professional nurseries can be established so that the cost can decrease. The cost of investment in cut flower per m2 is higher than that planted with fruits or veg-

etables as well as the changing demands “fashion business” that can change rapidly can affect this business too. Thus new export windows are demanded to encourage this promising business in addition to the growing demands of Hotels & Embassies... etc The new demands should be taken into consideration as one leader producer has created the concept of the “Bouquet” in hypermarket and carrefour thus has taken a leader step in this promising business.

Perishable Terminal

Celebrating 6Years of Success In general terms and in the world of logistics, the importance of the PT is measured with regard to its traffic figures and its physical dimensions. However, without any doubt at all the impact of the PT goes beyond such means of measurement, because, due to its existence and development the PT is capable of generating high beneficial effects on the regional economy, since it offers a competitive route to the international markets.

The future of cut flower in Egypt should be considered in the few coming years as Egypt has all the potentials of producing different varieties of cutflower. During the visit of the Floriculture Consultant “Heidi Wernett” to Some farms of HEIA cut flower council members she highlighted some varieties that can grow in Egypt.

July, 13, 2003, witnessed the inauguration of HEIA Perishable Terminal, rapidly it has proven to be a valuable link in exporting perishables by air and became a major asset for closed cool chain provision; According to Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS), for the first seven months of 2004 Egypt’s exports of the six key export crops covered by HEIA exceeded exports of these crops for the entire 2003 year.

ince that time it has grown steadily in both size and reputation, and is now an important facility in the post-harvest chain to ensure the quality of export flows, rising from 10 tones per day when it first opened to average 500 tones nowadays (currently), annually moving quantities of 60 thousand tones, A MOFT decree issued requires that all perishables shipped to Europe go through the terminal thus HEIA Perishable Terminal has one of the largest traffic in Cairo airport, which in terms of perishable air cargo tonnage has been ranked #1 in Egypt as it is considered the air cargo logistics partner of choice for over 26 leading airlines and 50 international freight forwarders thus it handles the vast majority of perishable cargo at Cairo International Airport. The terminal has a modern appearance and layout; PT full spectrum of world-class logistics solutions ranges from basic physical handling of perishable cargo through to full documentation and ramp handling services for freighter aircrafts; it represents a one-stop-shop service to all airlines through its cold storage and handling system that is synchronized with customs, product inspection and clearance procedures, the working procedures and quality control are up to industry standards and are in compliance with ISO 9000.

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HEIA Perishable terminal is committed to maintaining and further enhancing this leadership position, through continuous investment, training and innovation; Lots of visits have been made for HEIA PT staff as well as Egypt Air Cargo staff to familiarize with the latest pre-cooling facilities and to observe Post harvest procedures and quality measures. As a guarantee of the PT commitment it has introduced a new quality control system according to the international standards, furthermore, a computerized traceability system to identify and label all the shipments, registering each entry and exit with its identity, origin and destination, in this way, the generation, capture and recovery of all information is automated and stored in a database. HEIA Perishable Terminal -along with Egypt Air Cargo- are now working on the establishment of a new terminal for import next to the existing export terminal.

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HEIA News

HEIA Articles

Green Med Awards Green MED awarded a Special recognition to the BEST EXPORTER, BEST GROWER, & BEST SERVICE PROVIDER in the mediterranean in 2008, BELCO is selected as BEST GROWER 2008 Mr.Mohsen El-Beltagy general director and owner of Belco received the prize. SONAC as BEST EXPORTER 2008, Mr.Khaled Abou Ismail- Chairman of Sonac received the prize. The port of Koper, Slovania as BEST SERVICE PROVIDER In 2007 MAGRABI Agriculture (MAFA) as awarded THE BEST EXPORTER, Heia proudly greets her members wishing them an outstanding success. Source: GREEN MED _AWARDS .HTML(www.greenmedforum.eu)

Brazil look overseas to sell its grape juice The grape juice of Brazil is beginning to gain international projection. A partnership between the Brazilian institute of wine (Ibravin) and the Brazilian Fruit Institute (Ibraf ) gave rise to the program for development of the grape juice sector, which provides for promotional actions until February 2010. The program is going to receive investment of 1.7 million Brazilian reais (US $ 910,550) and the partnership encompasses factories that produce natural and whole grapes juice in the states of Rio grande do sul,Santa Catarina Parana Pernambuco and Bahia. The main goal of the project is to advertise ready-to-drink juice of higher added value to producers and higher quality standard to consumers, with health benefits. According to figures supplied by Ibravin, natural and whole grape juice contains 100% of fruits, as opposed to refreshments, which contain from 2% to10% of grape and the nectars, which contain 20% to 30% of grapes in their formula.

Furthermore, polyphenols which scavenge free radicals, are widely present in grape juice. The president of the Ibraf, Moacyr Saraiva Frnandes, believes that there is currently a great confusion in the market, as a result of lack of information and unspecific data. «We must inform people about what natural fruit juice is, and label products accordingly.» says he. Whole grape juice, elaborated with no addition of sugar or water, is 100% natural, whereas similar products, usually called grape nectar, receive only a percentage (up to 30%) of concentrated juice, which is then diluted and sweetened. According to Fernandes, the partnership established with the Ibravin is a strategic alliance to promote joint efforts in the grape juice industry, increasing the strength of actions for proper labeling of products, promotion, advertising and integration. «This partnership also allows the organizations to combine their ef-

forts in order to carry out promotional actions in various markets, taking into consideration that grape juice ranks among the beverages with the highest demand, both in Brazil and abroad,» he says. Worldwide, promotion of Brazilian grape juice is being done at three international fairs .Asia fruit logistica, which was held from September 2nd to 4th, in Hong Kong, china; at fruit logistica 2010, from February 3rd to 5th next year, in Berlin , Germany, and in the next edition of Gulfood, from February 21st to 24th in Dubai, in the united Arab Emirates. The Ibravin and Ibraf will also organize visits for international journalists to witness the Brazilian grape juice production chain, under the projeto imagem (image project).two organizations are also going to juice promote «turismo Saudavel» (Healthy Tourism), a tasting session of fruit and juice for drivers and opinion makers during the Formula 1 grand Prix, from October 16th to 18th in sao Paulo.

«HEIA Data Center» a new service for all HIEA members Supporting our continuous policy of development, we have the honor and pleasure to launch «HEIA Data Center» service to supply our dear members with the latest updates in the field of horticulture sector. HEIA is greeting her HDC team: Reham Fawzy, Rana Halim, Ghadir Ehab, Fernaz Attya & Nada Nabil. For contacting us: info@heia.org.eg

Issue Oct. - Dec. 2009

Pomegranate Scientific name: Punica granatum L.

Medicinal Uses: Dr. Safia Abu-Taleb Horticulture Reseach Institute

Common Names: Pomegranate, Granada (Spanish), Grenade (French). Family name: Punicaceae Origin: The pomegranate is native from Iran to the Himalayas in northern India and was cultivated and naturalized over the whole Mediterranean region and were grown in ancient Egypt.

Nutritionally, the pomegranate is a food medicine of great importance. Every part of the tree, leaves, flowers and roots have featured in medicine for thousands of years. Ancient medical authorities considered it a tonic for the heart. The juice of wild pomegranates yields citric acid and sodium citrate for pharmaceutical purposes. Pomegranate juice enters into preparations for treating dyspepsia and is considered beneficial in leprosy. The bark of the stem and root contains several alkaloids including isopelletierine which is active against tapeworms. Because of their tannin content, extracts of the bark, leaves, immature fruit and fruit rind have been given as astringents to halt diarrhea, dysentery and hemorrhages. Dried, pulverized flower buds are employed as a remedy for bronchitis. pomegranate juice, light, refreshing and invigorating, is believed to be of great value in the treatment of digestive disorders, diarrhea and dysentery. The juice is effective in restoring energy and salts lost by the body from weakness due to continuous vomiting. pomegranates are a great source of antioxidants, potassium and vitamin C. In fact, pomegranate juice is one of

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HEIA Articles

the richest sources of polyphenols, a group of strong antioxidants. The purpose of antioxidants is to slow or prevent the cell damage that is linked to many diseases. Besides antioxidants, pomegranate juice contains other healthy substances, such as tannins and anthocyanins, which are also believed to fight disease. The juice also contains a substantial amount of fiber, niacin and potassium. The antioxidant powers of pomegranate juice may be nearly three times as much as the amount in green tea or red wine. Research has shown that pomegranate juice can reduce arterial plaque and pressure, which, in turn, can decrease the risks of heart disease and stroke. Some studies have shown that it can lower blood pressure and attack the cells that cause breast cancer. The extract of pomegranate fruit may be a promising agent against skin cancer.

Industrial uses:

All parts of the tree have been utilized as sources of tannin for curing leather. The trunk bark contains 10 to 25% tannin and was formerly important in the production of Morocco leather. The root bark has 28% tannin content, the leaves, 11%, and the fruit rind as much as 26%. Both the rind and the flowers yield dyes for textiles. Ink can be made by steeping the leaves in vinegar. In Japan, an insecticide is derived from the bark. The paleyellow wood is very hard and, while available only in small dimensions, is used for walking-sticks and in woodcrafts.

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Varieties:

red color. The pulp is red very juicy, sweetie, desirable acidity and hard seeds. Fruit maturity in mid– August.

Arabi

Tahrer

ganic sources + 1kg. supper phosphate + 1/2 kg. ammonium nitrate + 1/2 kg. sulfur + 1/4 kg. potassium sulfate/ hole in advance of planting. Planting design: Planting at spacing of 5x5 or 4x5 (heavy clay soils) or at 4x4 or 3.5 X 3.5 m (sandy soils). The best time for planting is from January – end Feb. before growth starting. Planting can be bare root (produced from nursery) or potted trees.

Hegazi

The pomegranate should be planted at or slightly above the same level in which it grow in the pot, Then, water thoroughly to settle the roots. Arabi

Round – large sized fruit. The fruit has clear sides with soft yellow to green and shiny rind with patches of light pink. The pulp is pink very juicy, sweetie, and low acidity. Big and hard seeds. Fruit maturity at the end of July. Wardy

They are selected clones. Have big fruits. Round – medium - large sized. No sides. The rind color is similar to Manfalouty cv. except the appearance of green color. The pulp is darker than Manfalouty cv., very juicy, sweetie and desirable acidity. Hard seeds. Fruit maturity in mid– August. Nab El-Gamal

Wardy

Round – very large sized fruit. The fruit sides are not clear. The rind is thick, soft, and yellow with patches of light pink or dark red. The pulp is pink very juicy, sweetie and very low acidity. Soft seeds. Fruit maturity at the end of July (considered the earliest cv.). High temperature harms the trees. Manfalouty

Nab El-Gamal

Medium - large sized. Clear sides. Similar to Manfalouty and Hegazi cvs. Except for the pulp is very big with wide top and narrow bottom, besides. The pulp color is lighter than both cvs. Badr

Manfalouty

It is the most desirable and important cv. High fruit quality. The largest fruit size. Round, clear sides. The rind is thin, soft with red – pink, highlighted with beautiful dark

They are selected clones. Have big fruits. Soft seeds. Low acidity. Free from tannins. High sugar content.

Soft seeds. Low acidity. Free from tannins. High sugar content.

Climate: Although pomegranate is capable of growing in a great variety of climates ranging from the tropical to temperate, it is mainly confined to the tropics and subtropics and grows well in arid and semi-arid climates. Favorable growth takes place where winters are cool and summers are hot. It has the ability to withstand frosty conditions, but below −10°C will not survive long. A temperature of 38°C and a dry climate during fruit development produces the best quality fruits. It typically grows below 1000 m in altitude Areas with high relative humidity or rain are totally unsuitable for its cultivation, as fruits produced under such conditions tend to taste less sweet and are prone to cracking.

Production and cultivation information: 1. Planting methods: Soil preparation: Plowing, tilling or spading and eliminating weeds before planting. Then application of organic matter such as well rotted manure or compost into the top 20-25 cm of soil before planting. Apply lime if soil below pH 7 at a rate of 4.5 kg. lime / 9 square meter. Pre- Plant fertilization: Digging holes (80x80x80 cm), 10-15 kg or-

2. Soil and site requirements: Soil: The pomegranate is more adaptable to a wider range of soils from pure sand to heavy clay than are most fruit trees. It does best on deep, heavy loams and good drainage soils. Pomegranates tolerate some flooding and also thrive on calcareous or acidic loam as well as rock strewn gravel. Yields and fruit quality are usually low on sands. The tree tolerates mild alkali conditions and areas of slow drainage, but yield, fruit quality and tree growth are unsatisfactory on soils having much alkali or poor drainage. Optimum growth is associated with deep, fairly heavy, moist soils in the pH range of 6 -7. Site requirements: 1. Deep, heavy loams and good drainage soils. 2. Abundant water by irrigation or rain. 3. Dry weather and high temperature especially at fruit maturity. 4. Soil salinity ranges between 1000-3000 ppm. 5. Deep fertile soil optimize growth, poor soils restrict growth – don’t grow on alkaline soils. 6. Full sunlight nearly all day long is essential. Trees that don’t receive direct sunlight at least 6-8 hours/day will produce long & thin branches with few flowers and fruits. 7. Areas of heavy summer rainfall are not appropriate for pomegranate as fruit will be soft and rot easily in storage. 8. No frost: If occurs especially before or during blooming the crop can be destroyed. 3. Irrigation: It is important to provide the tree with adequate water during the first year after planting to help develop a good root system. Young trees needs to irrigate every 7-15 days depending on the season and weather. The pomegranate can withstand long periods of drought. Although not much fruit is produced under drought conditions, trees will survive for years; then, if properly irrigated, they grow vigorously and produce good crops. Trees will thrive and produce an abundance of fruit under high summer rainfall conditions but the fruit tends to be soft and has poor shipping and storage quality. In mature orchards, the amount of irrigation depends on the climate and soil. Generally, a month before harvest time (ripening stage) irrigation should be stopped to avoid fruit cracking, after harvest very little irrigation is

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HEIA Articles

carried out, then, monthly irrigation till (Nov. – Feb.). Winter irrigation is avoided. Any further winter irrigation will only spur long, vegetative, nonfruiting spring growth. The 1st irrigation will be applied after the 1st dose of chemical fertilization. Irrigation should be regulated during the critical periods (blooming, fruit set and maturity). Less water will result in poor fruit size, higher fruit drop, stressed trees and may return bloom. Heavy irrigation may result in dropping flowers and increasing fruit cracking. The amount of irrigation should be increased during summer time (maturity stage). Symptoms of too much water: yellowing leaves and root rot. Symptoms of too little water: yellowing leaves and drops of small fruits. 4. Water requirements: The amount of water (liter) /tree/ day in sandy soil Tree Age (year)

Dec. , Jan. & Feb.

April-Sept.

March, Oct. & Nov.

6. Training and pruning: A- Training young trees: Trees tend toward a bushy habit with many suckers arising from the root and crown area. Tree-type plants can be produced by allowing only one trunk to develop. Additional suckers should be removed frequently around main trunk(s). Prune to produce stocky, compact framework in the first 2 years of growth. Cut trees back to 60-75 cm at planting and develop three to five symmetrically spaced scaffold limbs by pinching back new shoots, the lowest at least 2025 cm from the ground. Shorten branches to 3/5 of their length during the winter following planting. Remove interfering branches and sprouts leaving two or three shoots per scaffold branch.

5. Fertilization: Number of units of elements / Fed. as 170 trees / Fed. Fertilization element N P K Mg Borax

Drip irrigation 80 units 48 units 75 units 10 units 34 (kg)

Flood irrigation 100 48 75 10 -

Occasionally, zinc deficiency is evident in trees. This is corrected by applying zinc sprays during the dormant season or to the foliage in spring and early summer

B- Pruning mature pomegranate trees – maintenance: Pomegranate trees require a small amount of pruning each winter to maintain shape and good bearing surface. Even mature trees grow vigorously, sending up a large number of shoots and basal suckers that require removal each year.

K deficiency P deficiency 12

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N deficiency

The short spurs on 2- or 3-year-old wood growing mostly on the outer edge of the tree produce flowers. These spurs develop on slow growing; mature wood that bears fruit for several years, but as the tree increases in size the wood loses its fruiting habit. Light, annual pruning encourages growth of new fruit spurs and heavy pruning reduces yields. Care should therefore be taken to leave adequate fruit-bearing wood on the tree, while removing crossing over or interfering branches. In addition, some thinning out of crowded bearing areas helps to produce larger fruit having fewer wind scars. Light, annual pruning of established trees encourages production of good quality fruit. Remove dead or damaged wood during late winter months. Remove sprouts and suckers as they appear. In order to keep the interior of the tree open during growing season, summer pruning is carried out according to needs. 7- Fruit thinning:

After

Before

When all factors are favorable trees can set too many fruits. Pomegranates have an extended bloom that produces fruit maturing at different times. An overabundance of fruit on a tree may weaken it and result in fewer buds, leading to a smaller crop for the next season. Heavy crop can also result in small-sized fruit of poor quality. To avoid these problems, thin branch and a wider spacing near the tip of the branch. This is done to avoid the branch bending or breaking off from too much weight at the tip. It is also done to keep the fruit from bending the branch and being exposed to harsh swunlight late in the season. Remove any fruit setting after June as this fruit will generally not fully mature. Thinning fruits can be applied at the end of last week of May – 1st week of July by leaving 1-2 fruits/cluster. Severe fruit drop during the plant’s juvenile period (3-5 years) is not uncommon. Fruit drop is aggravated by practices favoring vegetative growth such as over-fertilization and excess irrigation. Avoid putting young trees under conditions of stress. Mature trees tend to hold more fruit that are set than will younger trees. Thinning also tends to reduce fruit drop because the tree (or bush) is better able to produce enough nutrients to maintain a ‘thinned’ crop load than an excessive crop load.

Zn deficiency

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HEIA Articles THE EFFECTS OF SOME PLANT NUTRIENTS, GIBBERELLIC ACID AND PINOLENE TREATMENTS ON THE YIELD, FRUIT QUALITY AND CRACKING IN

POMEGRANATE

of the Batı Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute in Turkey in 2003 and 2004. In these trials values for temperature, humidity, radiation and amount of light were recorded by means of a micro metos ag climate station in the experimental area and, their effects on fruit surface temperatures (FST) and sunburn were determined. The surface temperatures of the fruits were measured with thermocouples throughout the season. The fruit surface temperatures that cause sunburn vary between 41°C and 47.5°C depending

on air temperature. Maximum FST exceeded 47.5°C in some days of July, August and September during the experimental period in the orchard. Maximum daily air temperatures were highly correlated with maximum FST and never exceeded 41-47.5°C in days when maximum air temperature was below 30°C. Mean solar radiation between 610 Wm-2 and 900 Wm-2 was also highly correlated with maximum FST. The ratios of relative humidity around 70% and 80% inversely showed correlation with maximum FST.

POMEGRANATE: ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ITS EFFECT ON HEALTH Abstract:

Abstract:

various nutrient (boric acid, magnesium sulphate and potassium nitrate), gibberellic acid and pinolene There are a lot of problems in pomegranate growing treatments were applied in 1996 and 1997. These in Turkey, but fruit cracking is the main quality prob- treatments were applied at two different times. The lem encountered. Fruit cracking is a physiological rates of fruit cracking were determined at harvest. Podisorder that occurs because of the different growth mological analyses were conducted after harvest. The rates between skin and flesh of fruit. This study at- most effective treatment against fruit cracking was tempts to decrease cracking of fruits of the ‘Hicaz’ found to be gibberellic acid. It was observed that 150 and ‘Silifke Aşısı’ pomegranate cultivars with various and 200 mg l-1 GA3 delayed the maturation of fruits treatments applied over two years. For this purpose, and abscission of leaves.

EFFECTS OF AIR TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND SOLAR RADIATION ON FRUIT SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND SUNBURN DAMAGE IN POMEGRANATE (PUNICA GRANATUM L. CV. HICAZNAR)

Abstract: A major problem in arid and semi arid regions is the excessive heating of the tree canopy and fruit, especially those exposed to direct solar radiation. Under such conditions, fruit and leaf surface temperatures may reach very high levels having undesirable effects 14

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on fruit skin properties (e.g., sunburn). The goal of this research was to determine the effect of temperatures, relative humidity and solar radiation on fruit surface temperature and sunburn damage on pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Hicaznar). This trial was separately conducted on the most important pomegranate fruit cultivar Hicaznar, in experimental orchards

Recently, in the world and in our country, there is a breakaway from synthetic food additives and there is a growing tendency for the use of natural food additives. Antioxidants, by far, are the most important food additives in the food industry. Since antioxidants are almost used in all processed food products, preference for natural food additives over synthetic food additives has gained great importance. Pomegranate and pomegranate juice have important antioxidant effects and can possibly be used as natural antioxidants in food products. Moreover, epidemiologic studies showed that fruits such as pomegranate may decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer due to their high phenolic content. Pomegranate and pomegranate juice may also be a solution to bacterial and fungal infection and food poisoning. Studies done recently even showed that microbisid

obtained from pomegranate juice is effective against the HIV virus, the cause of AIDS. Pomegranate is a widely grown fruit. Its benefit to health and the fact that it contains effective substances show the need for scientific studies on pomegranate. Opportunities to benefit from pomegranate throughout the year by processing it into different products must be investigated because pomegranate is only available in certain months. In this review, the antioxidant effect of pomegranate and its possible beneficial effects on health will be reviewed

SOME POMOLOGICAL TRAITS OF DIFFERENT POMEGRANATE VARIETIES GROWN IN SANLIURFA – TURKEY

Abstract: . Pomegranate is grown mainly in tropics and subtropics and it can grow in arid and semi-arid regions. In Turkey it is spread in all the Mediterranean, Eagan and coastal area as well as in the Southeast Anatolia Region. It is adapted to dry, low relative humidity conditions. In the Southeast Anatolian Region of Turkey, pomegranate is mainly used as fruit juice or salad.

The cultivated varieties have been selected by growers among chance seedlings. In this paper, the traits of some regional pomegranate varieties will be compared. These varieties are Katir Nari, Kus Nari, Millesi, Suruc Tatli Narı, Boncuk, etc. selected in Southeast Anatolia, especially in Sanliurfa province. Other varieties such as Devedisi, Mayhos, Cekirdeksiz, Fellahyemez were selected in other parts of Turkey Issue Oct. - Dec. 2009

Quality Control Dep.

•Color degree of the harvested fruits according to the buyer’s specification •Ripe prove; it depends on the outer surface of the fruit as 50 %-75% red color depending on the variety.

trawberry Information challenge success

Writen by:

Eng. Mohamed Refa‘ay Quality & advisory Services Manager Issue Oct. - Dec. 2009

cal fruit damage should be avoided during handling ,as well as, avoiding scratched fruits to avoid infection.

1. Appearance: color, size, shape, and free of infection/disease.

8. post harvest rot:

2. Firmness: depends on the fruit ripening degree and fruit proper handling 3. Taste and flavor: depends on the solid soluble materials ,acidity and odor

Strawberry one of the untraditional crops that may develop our national economy, through direct export for the fresh fruit, processed product or transplants. Some important rules to be followed during the harvesting and picking stage •Training Pickers about proper picking methods and the right fruit stage according to the required specifications. •The length of the stem should abide by the buyer’s specification •Both hands fruit checking •Right vehicle location may prevent forgetting some areas without harvesting them. •Clean gloves should always be used.

Some hints for the quality standards

4. Post harvest temperature control: one of the most important factors to reduce the respiration rate and increase fruit shelf life. 5. Responding to Ethylene: strawberry does not respond to ethylene for ripening, it is harvested at the right time of ripening. 6. responding to modified atmosphere: modifyingCO2 into the pallet reduces respiration rate with 10-15% increasing the shelf life.

•Botrytis caused by botrytis Cinara on of the major problems that should be considered in post harvest treatment process. •Rhizopus: caused by Rhizopus stolonifer spores are existing in the air at 5°C the best resistance is temperature control. 9. Cooling: quick handling and cooling at 0°C is the best to prevent the growth of spores. Proceeded cooling system is recommended. “The translator is not responsible on whatsoever mentioned in the article regarding the information source or the scientific facts” Ghadir Ehab.

Challenges 1. The international economic crisis 2. The global increase in temperature. 3. Decrease in the production volume in some farms. 4. Being affected with some external factors as pests.

Success In 2009 Heia Quality team covered many locations in different governorates with an integrated work sytem among the work team in many locations.Success was witnessed in the members satisfaction for the service offered by our quality team.

7. Post Harvest treatment is also important to avoid fungus infection.

The outcome of this success was about:

Quick cooling and zero °C storing are necessary.Also mechani-

7000 flat carton (10 punnets 250 gm per carton) exported for the European market

3000 double cartons (12 punnets; 400 gm per carton) exported to U.K

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