Issue 42 July - October 2010
4
Congratulation
Contents
Heia Board of directors Abdel Hamid Demerdash
4
Chairman
Heia
Dr. Olfat Hamed ElShiaty
4 A new Perishable
Vice chairman Mohsen El Sayed Tawfik El Beltagy
Terminal in Luxor
General Secretary
6 Citrus
Mr.Mohsen El-Beltagy
6
Diseases in Egypt
Treasurer Gamal Moustafa Aziz
10
Board members Ayman Neel
Heia Training Department
Hany Fakhry Abdel Nour
Aims at development & improvement
12
Hassan Sayed Marei Mohamed Hamdy Fayed
12
Mokhles Youssef Fadl Harraz
Table grape
Executive Director
Production to where
Mustafa Nazmy Heads of the crop councils
16
Mr.Amr El-Beltagy
THE PHENOMENON OF SHOT BERRIES IN
16
OLIVE FRUIT SET
Green Beans & Pepper Council Chairman
Mr.Amr Orfy Olive Council Chairman
24
Mr.Bssam motreb Mango Council Chairman
Mango Festival
Mr.Hany Abd El-Nor Tomatoes Council Chairman
Editing stuff
Extension numbers
Mr.Hasan Marie
Technical Supervision
Executive Department
Nagwa Ibraheem
Information Services Department 221
Information services Department
225
Human Resource Department
139
Training Department
219
Financial and Administration Department 212 Editors Ms. Al-Zahraa Ezz El-din Eng. Mohamed El Refayee Ms. Rana Halim Ashour Eng. Reham Fawzy Eng. Sherif Hassan
Technical Field Services Department
135
Quality Services Department
134
Crop Council Department
137
Certification Preparation Services Department
116 - 118
Heia Airport Perishables Terminal (202) 22653218 Heia Office Luxor
(2095) 2368686
The Citrus Council Chairman
Mr.Hatem El-Azzawy Stone fruit Council Chairman
Mr.Khaled Hegazy Pomegranate Council Chairman
Mr. Khaled Zein El- Din Strawberry Council Chairman
Mr.Moustafa Talha Pesticides Council Chairman
Mr.Mokhles Harraz Table Grape Council Chairman
Mr.Mohmoud El Ghandour Melon Council Chairman
Dr.Mohamed Adel El-Ghandour Cut flower and Ornamental Plants Council Chairman
HEIA NEWS
Congratulation
Heia
Heia got the Global Gab certificate as she became associate member... congratulations Heia
Heia establishs a new Perishable Terminal in Luxor Heia adopted a project of establishing cold storage station in Luxor- Upper Egypt on an area of 8700 SQM. The association committed the design work and supervision to one of the largest specialized engineering consultation offices “ ECO group for Engineering Consultation. The project, which the Initial Picture of Cold Storage Station in Luxor association sought to be the largest and the latest in Upper to 400 pallets that could be in the design. Egypt includes as follows: expanded in the future. The The Consultative office has 1- 4 Cooling Units project has a plan for the future already begun in making 2- 4 cooling Stores that the association intends executive designs of the 3 - office building to be completed later. It is a project in preparation to be 4 – Lounge for workers subsidiary packing station. The presented to contractors of With the capacity of 100 location of it has already been implement to begin actual pallets / 24 hours for cooling. allocated in the project and operation of the station in the The storage capacity amount the service plan was included first half of 2011. 4
July - October 2010
Did You Know?! Every 24 hours, 365 days a year, some 80000 flights are moving across the skies of the world; some are passenger flights, others are pure freighters -but almost all of them carry cargo- and 15% of that cargo are perishable products. And every 24 hours, 365 days a year, somewhere somebody screws up something in the process –and the cool chain
is interrupted; the quality is reduced to second hand or the product is wasted! And every 24 hours, 365 days a year, some 30% of those perishable products are thrown away or do not qualify for human consumption; if we then add what is thrown away by the consumers –you and I – the total food wasted is probably around 50%
HEIA Cooperates with ACDI/VOCA to Expand Agribusiness Opportunities in Egypt Heia was one of the sponsors of the “ Expanding Agribusiness Opportunities in Egypt Conference ” : The Conference main objective was Integrating Upper Egypt into the Value Chain to Increase Supply and Grow Capacity. This Conference explored expansion
possibilities and investment opportunities, and share lessons learned to enhance Egypt’s food supply chain. Particular has been given to Upper Egypt, which has ideal growing climates suitable for expanding Egypt’s production season to one of the longest worldwide.
This event was held on May 2010 for the key decisionmakers and was limited to CEOs, presidents and designated representatives. Rana Halim Ashour Membership Services Manager
To Encourage ETI Concept:
Heia supports one day trip for its employees As it cares to support the" team work" principle and to promote the ETI concept; Heia contributed the one day trip gathered the employees and their families.
Rana Halim , Sally Mohammed , Riham Fawzy and Nagwa Ibraheem participated in the trip
The trip which gathered 20 persons could successfully make them know each other and helped to create the harmony among all.
July - October 2010
5
HEIA Articles Horticulture Export Improvement Association (Heia) held Greening Bacterium Conference (HLP) attended by Mr. Amin Abaza, Minster of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Mr. Abdel Hamid Demerdash, Heia Chairman, Dr. Olfat El Shiaty, Vice chairman, Mohsen Tawfik El Beltagy, Heia Board Members, businessmen, farm owners and several foreign and Arab embassies’ agricultural attaches.
Citrus
Diseases in Egypt
From Right HEIA General Secretary Mr.Mohsen El-Beltagy ,HEIA Chairman Abdel Hamid Demerdash, Minister of agriculture and land reclamation Mr. Amin Ahmed Abaza, Foreign expert Bernard Obret.
Through the conference, which was held on 20 April this year a workshop and lectures were held by the foreign expert Bernard Obret and Dr. Ahmed Shalaby, deputy of Plant Pathology Institute participated in them. The foreign expert Bernard Obret delivered many lectures on the history of citrus fruits in Asia and the Middle East and the date of outbreak and spread of HLP that began in 1920. It was known as Asian Dyavorina Steray. He also dealt with the threats of HLP to Egypt. Through the lectures, the expert explained field symptoms, disorders, anatomical symptoms and antibiotic therapy. 6
July - October 2010
Dr. Ahmed Shalaby dealt with the diagnosis and surveillance of greening disease, rapid deterioration disease of citrus fruits and insect vectors of them. He referred to the figures of distributions of citrus in Egypt in 2007. He also referred to the volume of Egyptian production of citrus fruits as the planted areas of citrus fruits amount to 394.548 acres and the production volume amounted to 3.134.000 tons in 2009. The volume of Egyptian exports of citrus fruits ranged from 700 to 800 thousand tons. Dr. Shalaby presented a series of
illustrations of the disease and its effects on plants. Heia provided some detailed statistics for the production of citrus fruits in Egypt. They are described as follows Table: Heia referred to the improvement in the Egyptian system of planting citrus over the past few years through: The governmental support: Issuance of the regulations in support of export, such as the decision that is required to export citrus to Europe in ventilation boats and refrigerated containers in
Percentage
Production / tons
Production Tons /acres
120,750
35%
1,275,000
9.2
70,000
61,250
17.70%
574,000
8.2
Local
29,000
25,375
7%
247,000
8.5
Sweet
10,000
8,750
2.50%
95,000
9.5
Types
Planted areas / acres Total
Productive
Navel
138,000
Valencia
Other
1,500
1,313
0.40%
13,000
8.6
Total oranges
248,500
217,438
63%
2,204,000
8.8
Mandarin
100,500
87,938
25.50%
734,000
7.3
Lemon
41,000
35,875
10.40%
328,000
8
Grapefruit
4,000
3,500
1%
41,000
10.25
Other
500
438
0.10%
4,300
8.6
Total of other
146,000
124,100
37%
1,107,300
7.6
Total
394,000
344,750
100%
3,311,300
8.4
order to maintain product quality and problems have already been reduced to a large extent. Developing specifications for the packing stations, under Ministerial Resolution No. 109 of 2007. Open markets and make protocols with new countries. Work is underway to develop brands for Egyptian agricultural crops in order to promote them under specific productive specifications to introduce the Egyptian product to the foreign importers and consumers for easier recognition and quality assurance. Heia also referred to its vision for the expected development- plan (8-10 years) and the objectives concerning citrus during the coming period. 1) increase in planted areas of citrus (In the case of availability of lands): Oranges 60.000 acres ( 40.000 navel oranges – 20.000 Valencia) Lemon 20.000 acres Mandarin 50.000 acres (with seeds and without seeds types that are suitable for exportation) 2) The change of planting mandarin areas that are existing now (20.000 acres) into new types of mandarin, use of new assets resisting diseases and increase the production according to the type of each soil.
3) The change of Irrigation system in Delta from surface irrigation into drip irrigation in order to improve the productivity per acre (from 8 tons/acre to 13 tons/ acre) 4) Raise the level of agricultural guidance through the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation in cooperation with associations and organizations such as Heia. 5) Encourage farmers to obtain international quality certificates (Global Gap, BRC) in order that the farm can be adopted by retailers abroad that represent more than 70% in Europe. 6) Encourage the establishment of nurseries to produce seedlings free from diseases and viruses 7) Enter the International Convention for the Protection of Plant Varieties (UPOV) for enabling access to the new species 8) Amendment of the ministerial decree to prevent the import of citrus vegetative parts to include certain requirements.
Symptoms can vary considerably from mild to severe depending upon infection period, climatic conditions, and age of tissue when infection occurred. Disease symptoms addressed in this lecture especially for CTV and HLB are an important aspect of citrus production. Citrus greening disease (HLB): is one of the most serious citrus diseases, caused by a bacterium that can infect most citrus varieties. The disease has seriously affected citrus production all over the world and not detected in Egypt yet. Transmitted primarily by an insect called the Asian citrus psyllid, the disease could seriously impact the citrus industry. Citrus Greening Symptoms: The most characteristic symptoms of citrus greening are blotchy mottling of the leaves and leaf yellowing. Other symptoms are yellowed shoots, twig dieback, poor flowering and stunting. Fruit are small, poorly colored and/or lopsided. Fruit from trees affected by citrus greening taste bitter, medicinal and sour. Seeds usually abort, and fruit set is poor Asian and African : Citrus Psyllid Insect Vector: The Asian and African citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytreae are a small, aphidlike insects. They feeds on the new flush of citrus. Psyllid feeding causes burned tips and twisting of the new leaves. More importantly, it can spread the bacterium that causes Huanglongbing (HLB) disease.
Many diseases of citrus have been described in Egypt and have colorful and descriptive names such as: blue mold, green mold, gray mold, pink mold, brown rot, black spot, black rot, yellow vein, yellow spot, curly leaf, corky bark, slow decline, Quick decline, and stubborn Disease symptoms may vary in expression on foliage, stems, roots and fruit. July - October 2010
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HEIA Articles Tristeza disease: caused by the citrus tristeza virus (CTV), is one of the most important factors limiting citrus production worldwide by infection of all citrus species, hybrids, and relatives. CTV strains or isolates may vary from mild to severe, causing little damage to severe decline, especially on trees grafted on sour orange rootstock
dissemination ofToxoptera citricidus (main CTV vector), Diaphorina citri and Trioza erytreae (HLB vectors) in Egypt for a safe exchange of plant material. Preserving the high socio-economic value of the Egyptian citrus industry. 2) Secondary objectives
Citrus Tristeza Symptoms:
Developing and optimizing CTV and HLB agents detection and diagnosis protocols based on innovative biological, serological and molecular tools to be applied in large- scale surveys and in CTV and HLB strains identification;
Infection with mild isolates in trees grown on susceptible rootstocks, trees may be reduced in size, vigour, and fruit yields. Severe strains of CTV cause two distinctly different types of damage:.
Characterizing CTV and HLB strains present in Egypt to assess risk potential in Egypt;
1) decline kills or stunts citrus grafted onto sour orange rootstock;. 2)stem pitting severely reduces fruit production regardless of rootstock Insect Vector: CTV is easily transmitted in a semi- persistent manner by the main aphid species visiting citrus: T. citricida, Aphis gossypii, A. spiraecola and T. aurantii. T. citricida and dispersed to new citrus areas mostly by infected propagating material. The brown citrus aphid infests the stems and new leaves of citrus trees and in addition to feeding damage, it is a highly efficient vector of citrus tristeza virus (CTV). The brown citrus aphid damages citrus when heavy populations build up on young shoots, weakening trees and stunting growth Survey Methodology & Laboratory tests for CTV and HLB: Visual inspection of trees for symptoms, Visual inspection of CTV and HLB vector,Collection of samples for lab detection, Microscopic analysis, Biological tests, Mechanical transmission on indicator plants, Bacterial plating, Screen testing by serological tests – ELISA, Immunoprinting and Immunoflorescence , Molecular tests using RT PCR to confirm the results, Eradication of infected trees, All lab analysis performed in accordance with international standard protocols e.g. EPPO 8
July - October 2010
strengthening the surveillance measures in the territory for CTV and HLB and their vectors, thus reducing the risk for their introduction, establishment and spread at local level; testing procedures, Setting up simple, efficient and reliable diagnostic techniques for largescale surveys of pathogens and vectors, Establishing the Egyptian distribution map of the pathogen strains and relative vectors; Elaborating a risk assessment study on entry, establishment and spread of both ,pathogens and their respective vectors in different location to improve decision making at local levels; Establishing guidelines and protocols for pathogens and vectors sampling, detection and diagnosis in the field, certification of citrus propagating material, control of citrus import/ export; Raising awareness on pathogen and vectors to activate local eradication programmes and the certification of resistant plants. Project Objectives 1) Main objectives Standardize and harmonize tools (technical protocols and regulations) for monitoring and controlling CTV and HLB agents Prevent
the
introduction
and
Setting up integrated and innovative management strategies for sustainable disease control. 3) EXPECTED SCIENTIFIC IMPACT Setting up simple, efficient and reliable diagnostic techniques for large-scale surveys of pathogens and vectors; Establishing the Egyptian distribution map of the pathogen strains and relative vectors; Elaborating a risk assessment study on entry, establishment and spread of both pathogens and their respective vectors in different location to improve decision making at local levels; Establishing guidelines and protocols for pathogens and vectors sampling, detection and diagnosis in the field, certification of citrus propagating material, control of citrus import/export; Raising awareness on pathogen and vectors to activate local eradication programmes and the certification of resistant plants.
ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺮض أو اﻟﺰﻳﺎرة
ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرة اﻟﻮآﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻷهﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ .وهﻰ ﺗﻘﺪم ﺝﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺨﺪﻡﺎت ﻡﻦ أﺝﻞ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺮض واﻟﺰیﺎرة.
ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺎن ﻟﻠﺨﻀﺮوات واﻟﻔﺎآﻬﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ 2011ﺑﺄﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ
اﻟﻣﻌرض اﻟدوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﺿوﻳﺔ www.biofach.de
اﻟﻣﻌرض اﻟدوﻟﻰ ﻟﺗﺳوﻳق اﻟﺧﺿروات واﻟﻔﺎآﻬﺔ واﻟﻣﻌرض اﻟدوﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﺧﺿروات واﻟﻔﺎآﻬﺔ اﻟﻣﺟﻬزة ﻟﻼﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﻣﻌرض اﻟدوﻟﻰ ﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎت اﻟﻌﻧﺎﻳﺔ اﻟطﺑﻳﻌﻳﺔ www.vivaness.de ﻧورﻧﺑرج – ﻣن 16اﻟﻰ 19ﻓﺑراﻳر 2011
www.fruitlogistica.com,www.freshconex.com
ﺑرﻟﻳن – ﻣن 9اﻟﻰ 11ﻓﺑراﻳر 2011
ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﻴﻦ
اﺥﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﺮض وﻗﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺱﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻚ ﺣﺠﺰ ﻡﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻌﺮض واﺱﺘﻴﻔﺎء ﺝﻤﻴﻊ اﻻﺱﺘﻤﺎرات اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ وﺑﻨﺎء اﻷﺝﻨﺤﺔ واﻟﺪیﻜﻮرات دراﺱﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻻﺷﺘﺮاك ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮض ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺣﻤﻼت دﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﺗﺴﻮیﻘﻴﺔ ﺥﺪﻡﺎت ﺗﺴﻮیﻘﻴﺔ ) اﺱﺘﺸﺎرات – دراﺱﺎت ﻟﻠﺴﻮق – ﻋﻼﻗﺎت ﻋﺎﻡﺔ – ﻟﻘﺎءات ﻡﻊ رﺝﺎل أﻋﻤﺎل( ﺗﺪریﺐ ﻡﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻋﻦ آﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻻﺷﺘﺮاك واﻻﺱﺘﻔﺎدة ﻡﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض
ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺰاﺋﺮﻳﻦ
ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ وﺑﻴﻊ ﺗﺬاآﺮاﻟﺪﺥﻮل ﺑﺄﺱﻌﺎر ﻡﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ آﺘﺎﻟﻮﺝﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض ﺗﻘﺪیﻢ ﻡﻌﻠﻮﻡﺎت ﻡﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎرض ﺗﺠﺪیﺪ ﺗﺄﺷﻴﺮات دﺥﻮل أﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺎ وﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺮوط اﺹﺪار اﻟﺘﺄﻡﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﻰ اﻻﻗﺎﻡﺔ واﻟﻄﻴﺮان
ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﺮﺟﺎء اﻻﺗﺼﺎل ﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة:
9
ﻣﻰ ﺧﻴﺮى / 33338457 -رﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﻃﻒ 33338458 - ﻓﺎآﺲ 33368722 – 33368026 :ﺑﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻰfairs@ahk‐mena.com : زوروا ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻨﺎ www.ahkmena.com : July - October 2010
HEIA Articles During the past fifteen years, grapes production sector destined for export in Egypt has witnessed an unprecedented boom as we began to export nearly 200 tons of grapes in 1996 and reached to 70000 tons in 2008 and that amount increased in 2009 and reached approximately to 75-80 thousand tons.
Table grape Production
to where Through series of articles in the coming issues the technical team in the association will cover aspects of production and circulation of table grapes in Egypt with clarification of the most important experiences and new researches from around the world. During this issue we will focus on the most important observations of season 2009 - 2010 in addition to post-harvest treatments. First: season 2009 - 2010 This season has witnessed a lot of contradictions, especially in the weather conditions so we will discuss what happened in the weather conditions during this season. 1- pruning and Doromex period: 10
July - October 2010
during this phase, for years we have not seen this very low temperatures during night with significant increase in the temperatures of the day, which encouraged emergence of flower early, where in some places in Upper Egypt the flower emerged after 5-7 days, but in desert CairoAlexandria highway we have not seen before the emergence of flower after two weeks of spraying Doromex. 2- before flower emergence and after flower emergence: Following the high temperature wave, which followed pruning and Doromex period we seen sharp decline in temperature at night which reached to below 1 percentage and this for periods, not just for one night with a high temperature at the day, this cause miscarriage of cluster which transformed to white and then brown and fell in the ground. 3- Before flowering: During this period, it was observed increasing in temperature and its effect appeared obviously in the early species which covered with plastic where increasing the proportion of temperature has decreased after less than a week. Which was reflected on the grapes covered by delayed plastic and also exposed plants. 4- before harvest: with continue unexpected weather wave pre-harvest ,the temperature difference between night and day reached to more than 15 C degrees and this led to an increase coloring even with low doses
Ethrel but with this positive side there were high differences in humidity and both former factors led to appearance of cracks in the grape.
What should we think after harvest?
5- Harvest phase: In general there are early in all the stages of this season started from emergence of flower to harvest season ranged from 2-3 weeks and ended with early 7-10 days - we didn’t face any problem in sugar accumulation –it was observed increasing in black neck and water bean especially in case of overload trees or increasing of pills in the cluster - the most important observations in this season were low productivity this season with low weight of the cluster.
1- Irrigation (do not put the plant under water stress)
Post-harvest treatments with the rising of production cost, many of farmers interested in increasing the quantities of feddan regardless of quality and strength of the tree and this led to the weakness of the trees and become easy prey to many diseases and soil insects. and also the dynamic periods which many of the farmers overlooked of grapes trees post-harvest where growth continues for 90 days for early varieties, and during this period happened the following: Fully fertility of buds - the accumulation of carbohydrates stocks for the next season – attacking diseases and insects to grapes trees.
Important notes to run irrigation program with high efficiency: • The irrigation during the Phonological stages of the plant in addition to the irrigation contribution in the success of the grape orchard in the range of 70-80% and only 20-30% in the management of fertilizing program and other processes. • It should be care about irrigation grape trees after harvest, although plants need water during the stages of grains evolution in all physiological processes, more than any other time July - October 2010
11
HEIA Articles So after harvest, we find that the rate of evaporation in the plants is higher than normal (air temperature during the summer months higher than the temperature in the other months) so it must be taken into account the amount of irrigation water and thus the amount of water added after the harvest is greater than that added during the evolution of grains and growth. and must take into account that the plants absorb a quantity of water up to 25-30% of the amount of water available in the soil between the degrees of field capacity and wilting point easily and without effort, and the rest of water amount can be obtained by the plant but with major effort which makes the plant under the pressure (stress) during the absorption of this amount so it’s preferable to retrieved this amount as exhausted from the soil in order to didn’t put the plant under any stress. (And this contradicts what the some of the farmers do after the harvest from excess thirstiness) • It’s preferable to irrigate early in the morning when the temperature is less than 35 C as the gaps in the plant is opened at a temperature of 28 C (the perfect temperature for photosynthesis) bit when the temperature become 35 C some disruption occurs in close and open the gaps and when the temperature increased over this 35 C it causes closure of the gaps ultimately and this causes respiratory failure in the leaves so it will not produce carbohydrates so we should take into account that 60-70% of irrigation during the early morning before the temperature rise and must be irrigate regularly to maintain the length of time that the gaps is opened.
• Summer pruning is one of the most important simple ways which used after harvest to increase flowering inside the grapes grove and complementing the fertility of the buds as well as to increase the thickness and strength and maturity of the target production in the winter pruning.
2.Continuing in fertilization program of post-harvest
For the rear pruning system it remove peripheral buds, particular the duds far from cordon wire (down to the first wire)
• after the harvest is the start of the new season and is the most important period of storing carbohydrates within the plant and this helping in two factors: • force out shoots after spraying Doromex
• it should take into account in summer pruning the following: doesn’t make summer pruning of stress and wake trees or it have high proportion of flowering. • The summer pruning is done by removing the peripheral parts of winter production. • From each winter product it should leaving 2-3 new product.
• number of flowers are 2-3 times the number required to winter. The exaggeration in pruning summer strains the trees and affect on the level of stored carbohydrates. 4- Summer service
• The plant bears various forms of stress
• It’s well known that the winter is the best time of the service with organic material, but it found that in summer service and cutting part of the root total stimulating the plant to produce high production from roots, and this during the second session of the root which starts immediately after harvest.
3- Summer pruning
• service method: there are many ways to the serve, but the most important
12
July - October 2010
thing to take into account to divided the square around the tree into four parts every year and serve quarter of that area (where we return to the same place after 4 years) • It’s preferable to use plant and animal compost which is fully decomposition with taking into account quality standard of compost, which we will discuss in future issues. • Adding with the service agricultural gypsum by 1:1 to saline lands or adding superphosphate or phosphate or agriculture sulfur and this depend on the nature of each soil 5- Insecticides treatment:
and
fungicides
• it spread during the period of postharvest some pests, which damage trees during infection period in addition to their impact on lowcarbohydrate storage and therefore
weakness of the plant in general and make it easy prey during the following seasons with poor fertility of these trees. • from those pests that spread during the period of post-harvest: nematodes - Planococcus - and thrips - Mowny Mildews and Planococcus) • So during that phase it should make resist strategy relies on using longterm effect pesticides. • Nematodes: using one of strong pesticide with a reduce irrigation after treatment to maintain a high level of pesticide in soil for week at least. • Planococcus Empoasca spp and thrips: it’s preferable to inject into the soil. ( amudaclobred) is used at a rate of 1-2 L according to active substance concentration (20% -35%) and it’s preferable the same treatment with amudaclobred pesticide. • Planococcus: infects leaves and later generations of clusters and branches and affects on the plant partly, but the big problem is increasing the proportion of early infection with the beginning of next season. • Mowny Mildews: its spread depend on the availability of temperature with free moisture on the plant for the beginning of infection (no infection in the dry) the problem is the death of leaves whole or partly so the factory of the plant reduce its production of carbohydrates and therefore a small storage. It’s preferable to treat with strong pesticides (metalacel - mancozeb ...... etc.) Prepared by / Eng.Sheirf Hassan. Technical coordinator of the Table Grape Council. July - October 2010
13
HEIA Articles
THE PHENOMENON OF SHOT BERRIES IN
OLIVE FRUIT SET
At the early flowering season, the crop looked quite good, then reports of poor fruit set started circulating from the olive growers. Since then, to gain more understanding, we started to gather facts and observations. Our purpose is to present data and all news that came to us, so that discussions and debates opened through this page, can help growers to overcome the problem in the coming seasons.
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July - October 2010
The main observations were: • That the shot berry problem of olives although it has generally hit, it was in some areas worse than in others. • Varieties have been showing a significant difference in being affected by the shot berry phenomenon. Piqual – Manzanello – Toffahi – Aguizy showed susceptibility to the phenomenon respectively high while Doulci did not show in the Natroun area this phenomenon in the majority of farms. Upon presenting the problem further, some have agreed that it must be a number of environmental factors, when coming together, have caused the shot berry phenomenon. Hot weather during the blooming season, unseasonable rain or frost and all of this mainly results in either bad pollination or embryo abortion. For any fruit to set properly, the pollen grain has to travel down the flower’s pollen tube to fertilize the ovum. If the temperature is too hot with low humidity, pollination will not occur in a high percentage and shot berries appear and eventually will fall off the branch. Also a rise in the average temperature for winter can inhibit fruiting, although locally, some call it “chilling requirements” not being fulfilled. Olives have very low chilling requirement as they are xerophytes. Xerophytes are dry or arid surviving plants that have small fleshy leaves with waxy cuticle and sunken stomata that open only at night. The root system is deep and the stems can store water. Xerophytes are usually tolerant to high temperatures in the day and very low temperatures at night. Low spring temperatures during bloom may slow the growth of the pollen grain towards the
ovary. As the unfertilized ovary is viable for only a short time, this can result in failure of fertilization also. High temperatures may also slow pollens, especially for Manzanello (example severe heat that may happen late in April). As for embryo abortion, same factors are equally effective, when temperatures during embryo growth and development become too high or too low than the optimum, the embryo aborts and the fruits stay in a rudimentary form. Excessive watering and fertilizing especially in an accumulative effect will result in mostly pushing the tree to vegetative growth and resulting to fewer fruits. Another factor can be the lack of nitrogen which reduces fruiting in addition to pest and weed competition. The efficiency of pruning can be an interfering factor. A primary objective of pruning is to produce dense clusters that can be stripped off the tree in great showers. Good pruning will prevent the trees becoming excessively tall and difficult to pick. One important fact emerges is that olive fruits require strong sunlight at every stage from fruit set to oil production. Olive flowers that are in deep shade, will not set in large numbers. Those that do, will not produce good levels of oil. Pruning therefore is needed to reduce the density of the foliage and allow sunlight to penetrate into every part of the olive tree. Every olive fruit should be in direct sunlight for at least some part of the day. This objective is compatible with the aim to produce trees that are convenient to pick. By reducing the density of the foliage, the tendency of the tree to race up and out in search for light is reduced. July - October 2010
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HEIA Articles
TPM (Total Productive management) The way to success & never lose!!! TPM is a unique managerial system created in the 50 s to avoid losses and to improve production results. TPM now introduced world wide as pilot implementation .As one of the corporate Strategic Programs. TPM aims to achieve World Class Performance by: Forming a corporate culture that can pursue the maximum possible efficiency of the overall production system. Most production systems are human- machine systems and depend on equipments increase as automation progress .In the same way production efficiency is governed by the ability of the people who operate, maintain and specify the method of manufacture. And also by: Involving all departments within the company and all employees from top management to front line operators, the main objective of TPM is to change people’s attitude and behavior so that they can pursue perfect production process and to change corporate culture at all levels. Top Management must be totally committed and participate in all activities. Unless they do so, corporate culture 16
July - October 2010
change will not be possible .In TPM every one participates. Establish the system on the shop floor that can prevent losses and achieve the targets of Zero Accidents ,Zero defects and Zero failures as well as achieving optimal live cycle costs for all the facilities within the manufacturing system .One of the distinctive features of TPM is establishing systems to prevent loss at the place of activity . Achieving Zero loss through cross –functional, problem solving and improving teams in a hierarchical system. A major characteristic of TPM is the establishing of overlapping small group activities within a formal structure. Membership of these groups is not voluntary as in other structure like TQM (Total Quality Management) for instance but part of everyone s job profile .At an individual level, these small groups set their own topics and targets. Khaled ElSayed Gamal Approved Training Provider for Quality Systems
HEIA Articles
T
he cold chain is a term used to describe the series of interdependent operations in the production, distribution, storage and retailing of chilled food and fresh produces.
Mr. Mohamed El Agamy Owner Represetative of Perishable Terminal
HEIA Perishable Terminal
& The Importance Of The Cold Chain FRESH PRODUCE FACTS 1. Fresh fruit and vegetables are living products. After harvest they continue the process of respiration which produces carbon dioxide, water and heat. 2. The heat produced by respiration results in warming of the produce unless it is actively kept cool e.g.: by refrigeration. 3. The rate of deterioration of the product is largely determined by the rate of respiration. Respiration needs to be slowed to minimize product deterioration but 18
July - October 2010
respiration can never be completely stopped. 4. The rate of respiration is temperature dependant. Produce which is kept cool will have a low rate of respiration with limited heat production and low rate of deterioration. However, produce which is not actively cooled will gradually warm from the heat released during respiration, which will lead to increasing rates of respiration and deterioration as the produce continues to warm. 5. Different products have different rates of respiration.
Those with higher rates are more highly perishable and temperature control is very critical for these products. 6. Ethylene is produced by many plant products and can trigger ripening and deterioration in some products. Keeping produce cool reduces the production of ethylene. Also, cooled produce is less sensitive to ethylene. • Controlling cold chain is vital to preserve the safety and quality of refrigerated food/fresh produces and comply with legislative directives and industry
The Cold Chain
‘codes of practice’ Two principles dominate control of quality and safety in chilled food/fresh produces: PPP (product-process-package) and TTT (time-temperaturetolerance).
attention of everybody in the industry and all authorities concerned with the quality of unbroken cool chain.
• Last but not least maintaining the Cold Chain is the responsibility of everyone • Safe and high quality chilled who handles fresh produce, food/fresh produces require from production to retail sale. minimal contamination A breakdown in temperature during manufacture, rapid chilling and low temperatures during storage, handling, distribution, retail display and consumer storage.
control at any stage will impact on the final quality of the product, although the effect may not be visible until several days later. Without the cooperation of everyone involved in handling fresh produce, the consumer will not be able to enjoy the produce in the best possible condition.
• HEIA Perishable Terminal is one of the basic tools to improve the quality and reduce the waste in the perishables industry by introducing Cool Chain Quality Indicators to the July - October 2010
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Crop Councils Section
The olive council defines his vision and goals
During its last meeting under the chairmanship of Mr.Amr Orfy and in coordination with Mr.Ibraheem EL- Shenawy, the olive Executive Committee put the vision and goals. Maximizing the economic profit of olive crop by updating the agricultures and providing the suitable classes which have good quality to go up with the efficiency of using the crop in the transformative industries and extracting oil was the main vision of the council. Important goals have been defined to achieve the farmer’s productivity updating and developing to reach international quality and the best
productivity of the feddan by agricultural extension through field visits of experts in all spheres (pruning - nutrition – irrigation - …..) and the lectures to the technicals in the farms – newsletters. Also working on forming olive producers union and working on getting the official approvals to make (HEIA) represented in olive international council. And knowing the various finance programs through lectures from the banks which are specialized in agricultural finance sphere.
Cooperation between (HEIA) and Chamber of Food Industries Many meetings have been held between Horticultural Exports Improving Association (HEIA) and Chamber of Food Industries to discuss cooperation methods between them in ( tomato and olive ) councils , and representatives from the following authorities have attended these meetings : Chamber of Food Industries represented by the General Manager of it Mr.Yousry Eltenawy , Mr.Waseem Nagy ( the Vice President of olive branch for Chamber of Food Industries) , Mr.Yasser Mansour the Technical Official of ( CFI ) , Horticultural Exports Improving Association represented by Mr.Mostafa Talha the Agricultural Section Manager in the association and the two Chairmen of ( tomato and olive councils ) , Mr. Hany Abdel-Nour ( the Chairman of tomato crop in the association ) , Mr.Amr Arafa ( the Chairman of olive crop in the association ) , Dr.Mohammed ElKholy ( olive specialist ) , Dr.Youmna El-Shreedy ( the Chairman of the board of the International Company for Manufacturing the Special Food and a member of the board of olive exporters union , Dr.Abd-Elhameed Hassan El-Atar (a delegated member of the board 20
July - October 2010
of Agro Green Company ) , Mr.Yehia El-Shemy ( the General Manager – a member of the board of Express Company for Modern Agriculture) , Mr.Ayman Khaleel Abd-Elsalam ( the Agricultural Manager for reclamation of land ) “Wady Food” , Mr. Adel Zaid ( the General Manager of Mediterranean Garden for Agricultural Works Company ) , and future plans are being prepared between HEIA and CFI
for more success and prosperity in food manufacturing field . - HEIA congratulates Mr.Yousry Eltenawy the General Manager of the CFI and the members of it because of joining (international tomato council) as a new member and it thanks Mr.Yousry Eltenawy for his efforts and his lasting and honorable cooperation in developing the Egyptian Exports.
More trips held by HEIA for its members Board of table grape council meetings were held under the chairmanship of Eng. Mokhles Harraz - Chairman of the grape council board During the meeting many topics have been discussed to fix date for board of table grape crop once monthly, to bring new experts and to hold scientific trips Eng. / Mokhles Harraz proposed to organize a trip for two weeks for the members in the period from 15/10 to 15/11 for both South Africa and Chile. As well as two trips to farms engineers in the period from 15 August to 15 October and this trip will be supported by the assembly by 50%. Eng / Mokhles Hraz clarified that the passengers will be selected on the basis of The Priority for the members which the following conditions applicable to them: 1- Members who attend the meetings of the Board regularly. 2- Pay the value of assembly subscriptions. 3- Members who participate in field days regularly, members who contribute to exchange experiences and other activities. 4- Discussing the agricultural services (plant and soil analysis, pesticide residues analysis, import reliable seedlings). Eng. Mokhles Harraz showed the offer to the members of the council of table grape crop from the intensive laboratory of analyzing the remained eradicatives and heavy ingredients in foods
Back to HEIA agrarian Days...
while the laboratory is analyzing composite Alitvon which is one of composites that is analyzed in table grape crop which is exported to European Union countries with 40% discount which makes analysis price L.E 300 instead of L.E 500. And a seminar by Mr. Claus Orth
A seminar was arranged entitled “The effective factors in fertility and the factors which help in good coloring and how to avoid the problems of reducing the averages of using Alatheril” The seminar which was on 7th April 2010 directed by the Mr. Claus Orth for 33 engineers
An agrarian day for table grape council was arranged in engineer\ Said Fathy’s farm on 13th April 2010 and the recipients were 22 Horticultural Exports Improving Association (HEIA) association gives its great thanks and appreciation for engineer\ Said Fathy’s cooperation and his generous hosting to the association and the members of table grape council July - October 2010
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Crop Councils Section
Mango Council Puts his new goals and action Plan Mr. Bassam Mutreb (chairman of Council of Mango) has held the first meeting with the members of Council of Mango with attendance of 15 members of the Council members. Some points and more activities were discussed in order to grow this field more and more like bringing experts from abroad. Discussing the kinds and the new origins that are required to be imported from abroad, flights to abroad, the annual program of lectures for the mango crop and Making Mango festival for the first time in Egypt
The council also advised to design a website in order to receive some problems and solving them immediately. Also performing studies in order to solve the problems of agriculture, the production and the exchange of the pregnancy and making a translation of the studies and researches. Eng. Mahmoud Heikal has explained a comprehensive and a brief analysis for what the crop has been exposed to at the last season and how the climate conditions effect on the production. Eng. Mahmoud Heikal has declared the
Mango field days
A field day of the mango crop has been held at the farm of Mr. Bassam Mutreb last month The meeting has started on 10:00 am in which the field day has started by greeting of the chairman of the Council, Mr. Bassam Mutreb to the attendants and it also started with the roaming in the farm in order to identify the common ways that are used in the production (irrigation – fertilizing – fighting – cultivation) The discussion was about the best means and it highlighted on production problems in general, problem of the agglomeration, cultivation of the local kinds which are very long and the attendants have discussed the methods to control the lengths. Anther discussion was about the new irrigation system in the farm that 22
July - October 2010
has been changed from the flood irrigation to the drip irrigation which has helped to overcome the problem of high level of water in the land that has a negative effect on the growth and they have also discussed the observation of improving the trees condition and their effect as well. And there was a discussion about preference of cultivation of grafted seedling or grafting of the origin after its cultivation, and about some phenomenon and the experiments that are specialized to the diseases and insects infects and also some new views in the fertilizing systems. HEIA thanks and appreciates the co-operation of Mr. Bassam Mutreb for his kind hospitality to everyone and the members of the Council of Mango Crop
importance to care with the nurseries and he has suggested to form a bond that includes all the owners of nurseries of all crops, and Mr. Gamal Aziz council member has proposed to have the standard specification of the seedlings and through it they can make an administration at the assembly that will be responsible for supervising on the seedlings in order to have seedlings that meet the specification in which the assembly will give a certificate for that, and this administration will be also responsible for receiving the seedlings which meet the specifications from the nursery and to the producer.
“Stone fruits technical operations” In HEIA seminar HEIA organized a seminar which was entitled “The technical operations that are related to planting the stone fruits.” And attended by 24 engineers The expert, Mr. Micheal Oosthuizen has lectured in it and he has discussed the following topics: • The needs of the stone fruits crop. • How to specify the needs of the stone fruits crop. • The stone fruits crop’s needs of the fertilizers and their concentration. • What the plant loses of nutrients and stabilizing the infiltration.
The Citrus Council provides the consultation service with Dr.Ryad Ghorpal HEIA and the Spanish citrus expert; professor. Ryad ghorbal contued their consultation service in 14 farms of the members’ farms.
• The hybridization.
And a Symposium has been held entitled “the kinds of required citrus in the European markets” and conducted by professor. Ryad gerbil and has discussed the following topics:
• The different productive and commercial kinds.
• The operation of Selection of mutations.
22 engineers attended this Symposium.
• The triploids and the protoplasm fusion.
• The actual tendency of the new kinds which are directed to the European market.
Cut flowers and the ornamental plants council Evaluats the exporting season 2009/2010 Cut flowers council meeting was held under the chairmanship of Dr. Adel Al-Ghandour at the Agricultural Crops’Exporting Council. (AEC) to discuss an important topics.
Dr. Adel Al-Ghandour has stated that the international crisis doesn’t have a great effect on the ornamental plants exports except those exports to the Dutch market.
1- Discussing the penalties that the ministry of commerce imposes against the exporters in case of the existence of any rejected shipments.
3- Discussing the cost increase of the air shipping to Europe by the foreign airlines, especially KLM company, and also its negative effect on the plan of the flowers and ornamental
2- Evaluating the exporting season of the flowers and the ornamental plants 2009/2010. The attendants have stated that the international crisis has had a great effect on the exports of the flowers to the European countries, and on the contrary for the Arab countries’ exports that haven’t been affected a lot as a result of the international crisis.
plants council of 2010.
4- Discussing the effect of having the new Egyptian European Partnership Agreement in implementation on our agricultural exports of the flowers and the ornamental plants. 5- Discussing having a study about the ornamental plants sector to develop this sector.
New ways to improve paprika pepper production Pepper council nder the chairmanship of Mr. Amr ELBeltagy held a seminar was entitled “Towards new ways to improve the paprika pepper production in Egypt” During the seminar which was conducted by Dr. Hussien Abd El-Kader discussed a way of using the integral fighting by using the natural predators in the colorful pepper.” And 43 engineers attended the seminar.
For more information please call:
Ms. Reham Fawzy Crop Councils Coordinator
July - October 2010
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Training Section
Heia Training Department
Aims at development & improvement
T
he Training Department organized a set of training programs that received an overwhelming response from workers in firms and farms of the members of the Association in particular and from the agricultural sector in general. They diversified to meet the needs and interests of workers in the agricultural sector. One of these programs is “packaging and tracking” program conducted by Prof. / Mona Nasr, Department of Food Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University. She presented through the program several important themes, including packaging under moderate atmosphere , its definition and its importance to vegetables and fruit in terms of product quality and extension of the validity period, covers and packaging of vegetables and fruits (edible) and tracking and barcode. A training program was held in first aid and medical care for workers in farms and packing stations , in collaboration with the Egyptian Red Crescent Society and Heia to train workers in farms, packing stations and factories in first aid and medical care; and training to provide immediate care provided to the injured person before the arrival of ambulance or medical assistance in order to prevent injuries, to save the lives of people, to reduce the complications of infection and to 24
July - October 2010
qualify for a certificate of Global GAP, BRC, IFS & TNC. The program included training in first aid as theoretical and practical training so that it is appropriate for individuals, families and society, both in daily life or emergency situations. The training course dealt with the initial assessment of the injured (airway - breathing - circulation) A.B.C.s, heart attack, asphyxiation drowning, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and breathing after the sudden cessation of their function CPR, burns - injuries - bleeding - injuries of bones, muscles and joints, shock, fainting, poisoning - diarrhea, bite and stings , exposure to extreme heat and extreme cold, and classification of those injured in accidents (Triage). Dr. / Salah Yousef, the Professor of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Center, a set of training programs such as “diseases and post-harvest treatment concerning table grapes” program in which he introduced the quality of the harvest stages and handling of table grapes prepared for export, different quality specifications of foreign markets and post-harvest disease in table grapes. He also held a program for postharvest diseases and treatment of stone fruits (Peach - apricot - nectarine - plum). In this program, Dr. Salah
Yousef presented post-harvest diseases in stone fruits, harvest methods, post-harvest treatment stages, rapid cooling and cold conservation of stone fruits. Moreover, there was a program about “techniques of production and diseases in mango”, which presented by Dr. Salah Yousef in conjunction with Dr. / Farid Saad Eid, Senior Researcher at the Institute of Horticulture Research, specialist in Mango. They provided a set of important points such as the multiplication of the mango, the process of establishing orchards of mango, care of fruitful mango trees, preand post-harvest diseases of mango. Horticulture Export Improvement Association (Heia) held a training program in organic agriculture, which conducted by Eng. / Khaled El sayed, food safety and security consultant. Through this program Eng. Khaled discussed what are the organic agriculture, the basic requirements of organic agriculture, the principles of organic agriculture and the laws of control of the European Economic Community. He also dealt with EC2092/91 law, organic production systems, the application, the period of conversion crop and prohibitions of organic agriculture. Then he spoke about the situation of Egypt concerning organic agriculture
Heia believes in Human investment ..
More Training programs are
needed to grow future leaders The training and development policy of Heia shows to what extend dose it believes in the important mission and active role that should be played to develop employees in different departments and so; better services will be presented to Heia members. Training Needs Analysis was identified for the association and employees; than a training plan was prepared and developed to suit the needs of trainees in Heia and the Perishable Terminal (PT). Heia cooperated with consultants fromThe Participatory Development Program "PDP", and other training centers like ELDAR ALARABIA; Leadership & Management Development Center "LMDC" to provide the following training programs:
Selling skills program was held to meet agriculture engineer's need to raise their ability and skills; know how to treat with the clients and members. The training also aimed to raise their knowledge about the latest current trend in sales development and the required behavioral Management skills to Revitalize sales. "Total Quality Management" course was held and different departments have participated in. The course presented very important points such as; what is the total quality management, quality system improving, quality costs, EFQM Also Communication Skills course was held to train 6 employees in the PT how to get active communication
specially listening and speaking, and how to improve the participant's skills to identify the other's personality and so how to treat with. And there were also International Financial Reporting Standards "IFRS" course which aimed the financial manager Mr. Khaled Said and contained: lists, required data and information Preparation in accordance with international standards quickly and efficiently , coordination between internal reports with the data used in the work evaluation , control and measuring managers performance using the same matrix used in the markets , structuring an effective system of performance appraisal and rewards programs as well as developing and improving communication with investors and funding sources
“The design, operation and maintenance of drip irrigation systems” in Heia training program Heia held in collaboration with AUC’s Desert Development Centre (DDC) a program about “the design, operation and maintenance of drip irrigation systems”, in which the two specialized trainers, delivered lectures in Desert Development Centre, Khartoum village, Badr Center, Eltahrir. The program dealt with a number of important points; where they talked about the components of drip irrigation system, considerations to be taken into account when designing irrigation networks, planning the internal network of the irrigation system and making the maps, the calculation of the available depth of water and the water needs of trees, the calculation of the losses resulted from friction inside the irrigation pipes, selecting diameter of pipes of the network ( main line - the line under the main one – sub-
For More Information Please Contact with :
lines), irrigation scheduling and its impact on irrigation pipes, different plans of irrigation hoses and ways of water distribution, calculation of the infiltration area, choosing the capacity of irrigation pump, studying a model for the design of drip irrigation system, writing the data on the design maps, preparing a detection of tasks irrigation network and assessment of the performance of irrigation network. The seminar was attended by a group of engineers and technicians working in agricultural companies, engineers of irrigation in agricultural companies who were keen to increase their experience and take advantage of all that is new in the field of water management, and those interested in investing in agricultural projects, especially in the desert land.
Training Coordinator Al Zahraa Ezz Eldin
Training Assistant Sally Mohamed July - October 2010
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