ACCOMMODATION PRESSURE TEST Services
OUTSIDE HUMIDITY
35°C 45°C
90% 40%
22º C
Inside
PROVIDED BY HEINEN & HOPMAN
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Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
Heating
Ventilation
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration
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COMPANY INTRODUCTION Heinen & Hopman is a reliable partner in the global maritime sector, offering top quality products and service in the field of climate control (HVAC & Refrigeration). The no-nonsense and entrepreneurial character of the founders who established the company in 1965 is still one of the main cornerstones of Heinen & Hopman. We support our clients using our knowledge and experience by realising the best possible climate control solutions; either fully customised or with varying degrees of standardisation. Like our clients, we are continuously active on a global scale to ensure that we can always be of service. We are also constantly searching for sustainable innovations as we aim for the best and very latest solutions in collaboration with our clients. Heinen & Hopman is critically aware that a company’s greatest asset is its employees – it is they who represent the added value of our business. Our goal is to continue to expand in the global market for maritime climate control solutions in a future-proof way. In short, you can rely on Heinen & Hopman to deploy the know-how and expertise required to solve any heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration issue onboard ships. We see complexity as a challenge, no matter where your vessel may be.
OPERATING GLOBALLY Global networking is crucial in every line of business and the shipping industry is certainly no exception. Being able to offer the highest quality of service and products to our clients at all times and in all places is of enormous importance to us. This is why Heinen & Hopman aims to keep expanding our network and know-how and ensure we are exactly where our clients need us to be.
Europe 22 Offices
1200 Employees
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Factories
11
Countries
Americas 11 Offices
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220 Employees
3
Countries
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
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Factories
Asia 10 Offices
380 Employees
7
Factories
7
Countries
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
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INTRODUCTION The Cullen Report into the Piper Alpha disaster (Cullen, 1990) recommended that a temporary refuge (TR) should be provided on all offshore installations. The TR is required to have a defined performance standard related to its survivability when exposed to a major accident that includes, but is not limited to, ingress of smoke, flammable and toxic gas. HVAC forms an essential part of this. As the TR is the last space for the crew before abandoning the vessel, rig or platform, the HVAC system should create and maintain a comfortable and safe indoor condition free of any explosive and/or toxic gas-air mixtures. The air quality and pressure inside the TR-zone is than of top priority. The TR (Temporary Refuge) is one example whereby there is a requirement to prepare and operate a written scheme for a system of examination by a competent and independent person and for the recording of such results of that examination.
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Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 2019 Š
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 Š
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APPLICATION For a Temporary Refuge (TR), testing is the only practical method due to the higher integrity requirements over ships. The most widely used test of air tightness is a pressure or “blower door” test whereby a fan is used to pressurise an entire ship. The blower door refers to the method of mounting the fan and associated measuring apparatus in a replacement door. Discussions of the origins of the technique are given in Sherman (1998) and Sherman and Chan (2004) and HSE guidance on the method as applicable to TRs is given in HSE Offshore Information Sheet 1/2006. A variation of the blower door test that may be used in a TR is the “suck and blow” test whereby the air supply and extract system is used to provide the pressurisation. The blower door method essentially involves using the door-mounted fan to set the TR to a given reference pressure in its sealed-up state (i.e. the state the TR would be in during an incident). At this reference pressure, the air flow rate through the fan is determined. For most structures, the nature of the leakage paths means that the flow into and out of the structure may not be the same for a given pressure, so the test is carried out for both positive and negative relative pressures. The value of reference pressure may vary according to the application and various values have been adopted. Testing at higher pressures, for example 50 or 75 Pa, has the advantage that the measurements are relatively independent of the weather conditions at the time of the test. Higher pressures may also be representative of wind driven pressures encountered offshore. The HSE (Health & Safety Executive) state that “the hazard from failure of HVAC dampers to close on demand is defined as the loss of TR habitat via gas/ smoke ingress”. Even with the dampers in the ‘closed’ position there is still an airflow leakage both in and out of the module. Therefore the level of the TR integrity can only be established by measuring the airflow ingress/egress over a period of time and calculating the actual leakage rate for the TR. KEY FEATURES • Carry out PFEER test; • Full work pack and risk assessment procured, specific to the job; • Mobilise to site; • Complete Leak Testing (If applicable); • Complete Test & Site Reporting; • Demobilise from site/asset. If desired, the check-up report can be accompanied by quotations for recommended work and materials. 3
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
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DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD The following TR impairment model describes the infiltration of an external pollutant into a single-zone TR. The model then calculates an impairment time based upon the effects of the pollutant on the occupants of the TR. The figure below is a schematic showing the stages of the model and are as follows: 1. A ventilation model: this uses data from a TR pressurisation test in conjunction with geometry and weather information to estimate the air change rate for the TR under shutdown conditions. 2. An infiltration model to determine the accumulation of pollutants over time as a function of external concentration and the air change rate. 3. A toxicity model to determine the effects of pollutants on the occupants and hence the impairment time. Section 1
TR porosity Air change rate
Ventilation model
Infiltration model
Determine smoke concentration inside TR
Physiological response
Toxicity model
Section 2 Section 3
Pressure test data Wind effects Stack effects
Impairment time
Figure used from HSE Research Report, section “Development of Method” [RR997 Figure 3 page 15 (http://www.hse.govuk.research/rrhtm/rr997.htm)]
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Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
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Armin Bock
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Manager Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul mro@heinenhopman.com
OUTSIDE HUMIDITY
35°C 45°C
90% 40%
22º C
Inside
PROVIDED BY HEINEN & HOPMAN
www.heinenhopman.com 5
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
Heating
Ventilation
Accommodation Pressure Test - HEINEN & HOPMAN 2020 ©
Air Conditioning
Refrigeration
5