Part 2 Architecture Portfolio: Modular Housing Project

Metabolism A modular social-housing projec t in the hear t of Manchester 's Universit y space.

PS1 Por tfolio

0.0

Introduction

Our aim throughout this project has been to create a mixed community with a diverse range of residents, tenures and dwelling sizes in order to address the current housing crisis.

It focuses on demonstrating how we can create a high quality housing scheme through the application of DfMA (Design for Manufacture and Assembly), improving construction efficiency through pre-fabricated elements, and providing quality by meeting or exceeding quality and space standards.

Mixed communities not only deconcentrate areas of deprivation but provide high quality homes for all residents. This project aims to provide a varying range of dwellings to address the Manchester housing crisis and allow residents the opportunity to move without leaving the community.

PAGE

E | 02

0.0 introduction

6.0 Technical Drawings

1.0 Contex t and Research

6.1 Structural Strategy 6.2 Catalogue of Parts 6.3 DfMA & RIBA Plan of Work 6.4 Site MEP Strategy 6.5 Plan MEP Strategy 6.6 Building Regulations 6.7 Environmental Analysis

1.1 The Housing Crisis 1.2 Social Housing 1.3 Co-living 1.4 Housing Standards

2 .0 Theoretical Framework 2.1 DfMA 2.2 Design Strategy

7.0 Conclusion 7.1 Conclusion and Bibliography

3.0 Site Analysis 3.1 Macro Site Analysis 3.2 Micro Site Analysis

4.0 Design Development 4.1 Site Massing 4.2 Layout Development 4.3 Key Design Moves 4.4 Apartment Types 4.5 Apartment Axonometrics

5.0 GA Drawings 5.1 Site Plan 5.2 GA Floor Plans 5.3 Short Section 5.4 Facade Study 5.5 Elevations 5.6 Long Section 5.7 Panellised Construction

PAGE

E | 03

Con t e n t s Interac tive Pdf This is a document which contains interactive features. We advise for this to be viewed in Adobe Acrobat Reader.

Click Button (always located on the far left/right of a page) NB

Click/Hover Button (detail call outs) NO. (PS1)

1.1

The Housing Crisis

The Housing Crisis in Greater Manchester The housing crisis In Greater Manchester can be split up into multiple crises'. Therefore the solution is unlikely to be singular and our design will need to address a variety of needs.

Who Has Been Affec ted by the Housing Crisis?

Conclusion The housing crisis effects a wide variety of groups and is not exclusive to social housing. One bedrooms dwellings are in the greatest demand within Greater Manchester for social housing whilst also being most suited for first time buyers and elderly people.

These Graphs were based on data from the following sources: Graph 1: Local Authority Housing Statistics dataset, England 2016-17: Section C – Allocations and MHCLG Social Lettings Local Authority Live Tables 2016-17 Graph 2: MHCLG Live table 1008c, Total additional affordable dwellings by Local Authority District Graph 3: Census 2011 Graph 4: MHCLG Rough sleeping statistics England autumn 2017 Table 1: Street counts and estimates of rough sleeping in England, Autumn 2010–2017

Abbreviations: GM = Greater Manchester GM SHMA = Greater Manchester Strategic Housing Market Assessment 2019 GM HS = Greater Manchester Housing Strategy 2019

PAGE

Manchester ’s Housing Crises: 1. Supply According to the Greater Manchester Strategic Housing Market Assessment approx. 10,583 new homes are needed every year.

In 2017/18 only 9,000 net additional homes were delivered. This was the highest since 2007/08.

This is a clear indication of the supply not meeting the demand.

2 . Affordabilit y There are over 97,000 households in Greater Manchester waiting for a social home. Over 26,000 of there are identified in priority need for a social rented home.

3. Suitabilit y

Graph 1: A Comparison Between the Number of Households on the Housing Register and the Number of Social Housing Lettings in GM, 2016-17 This shows a clear lack in the supply of social housing in GM in comparison to what is needed, particularly with 1 and 2 bedroom dwellings.

By 2035 nearly 3 in 20 residents will be aged 75 years or older.

This will still be younger than the national average.

4. Qualit y According to the English Housing Survey, nationally 27% of Private Rented Sector homes do not meet the Government’s Decent Homes Standard.

Given the age profile of Greater Manchester’s housing stock it is reasonable to presume that conditions may be worse in Greater Manchester than nationally.

5. Distribution 2.5% of all dwellings in Greater Manchester are empty, the lowest level recorded since data began in 2004.

Source: Greater Manchester Housing Strategy, 2019.

E | 04

Graph 2: Number of Additional Affordable Dwellings Completed in GM, 2011-18 Graph 2 shows how the number of affordable dwellings (social, affordable and intermediate rent, shared ownership and affordable ownership) completed in GM has fluctuated since 2011. There is a significant dip in 2016-17 and this is ‘due to the 2011-15 Affordable Homes Programme coming to an end in this year’ (GM SHMA, 2019).

Silchester Grenfell Tower Estate Fire Location: London London Borough Borough of of Kensington Kensington and and Chelsea, Chelsea, UK, UK, 2016 2017

Architec Haworth Tompkins Scale: 129t:flats Scale: homes on approx.

0.9housing ha Tenure:112Mix of primarily social and private ownership Tenure: 45 social housing, 39 shared ownership, 28 private Basic Information: ownership

Grenfell Tower, a 24 storey tower block was built in 1974 and later refurbished in 2016. The refurbishment consisted of replacing the Basic Information: exterior cladding and windows, refurbishing the lower four floors and replacing the heating system.

The first part of this scheme aims to regenerate the existing estate.

They demolish keep 4 ofout theinoriginal In thewill early hours ofone the low 14thrise Juneblock 2017and a fire broke Grenfell 20-storey towers, maisonettes and other low-rise blocks tower. It started from a faulty fridge-freezer on the 4th floordesigned and in 1969.spread up the tower , eventually killing 72 people. rapidly Haworth Tompkins’ “strategy for this project has been to create a legible, human scaled urban enclosing a shared garden, Failed Fire Protec tion block Measures: with residential accommodation, retail uses and community facilities arranged around the perimeter facing onto the From reading the reports published for the public inquiry into the surrounding streets.”

Grenfell Tower fire, the following identifies key failures in the fire protection measures: • Instructing residents to “stay put” instead of being excavated Special Charac teristics: immediately.

• Combustible window and cladding materials accelerated the • Sustainable tenures spread of thehomes fire upfor thealltower.

“This scheme “will achieve code for sustainable homes levelthe 4 • Incorrectly installed fire stopping compartments within across all tenures, and will also provide solar energy collectors cladding and green and brown to mitigate the environmental impact • Vertical cavities in roofs the cladding structure and insulation of the development. ” helped the fire spread.

• Lift failures prevented disabled residents from escaping the • Improved public spaces from moving equipment into it building and fire fighters The triangular layout will contain communal garden at thesmoke • Failed ventilation system thatawas intended to prevent centre for all. entering hallways eventually clogged up the stairwell, the only means of escape. This was eventually hit by the fire.

• apartments will • All Non-compliant drybe firedual mainaspect meant the LFB had to pump it’s Wrapping the homes around the central garden allows them all to own water be aspect. cross • dual Neither the Therefore fire doors each at theapartment entrance tocan thebe flats thatventilated were and replaced have good daylight levels. in 2011 or the fire doors to the stairs that had not been replaced since 1974, complied with fire tests.

• Integrated community Haworth Tompkins purposely mixed up the locations of the privately owned apartments with the socially rented ones to How Influence Our Design? improveWill socialThis cohesion.

We will use non-combustible cladding materials and ensure that all fire doors (to stairs, to fire lobbies and to flat entrances) meet fire regulations. The stair core and fire lobbies will be fully fire regulated, a sprinkler system will be set up across all floors, as well as a fire shaft.

PAGE

E | 05

1.2

So c ial Hou s in g What Is Social Housing?

Social housing is where the cost of rent is at 50% of the market value (affordable housing is at 80%).

Who O wns It? Social housing properties are owned by local councils or housing associations.

What Propor tion Should Be Social Housing in Greater Manchester ?

New builds with 10 or more homes should have 30-50% affordable homes.

In 2017/18 approximately 260,000 homes in Greater Manchester (20% of the housing stock) were social houses.

Greater Manchester Spatial Framework includes a new policy commitment to deliver at least 50,000 affordable homes by 2037, and a major drive to ensure at least 30,000 of these are social homes. (GM HS 2019)

Precedent 1: Silchester Estate

Precedent 2 : Grenfell Tower

1.3

Co-living Co-L iving Co-living is a residential structure that accommodates three or more biologically unrelated people (Bothell, 2015; Tummers, 2015).

Co-living is seen as a solution to the housing crisis by providing affordable homes whilst at the same time pooling resources and creating a sense of community.

How Will This Influence Our Design?

Incorporating communal spaces within our development would benefit the project in the following ways: Counters isolation and fosters social interaction The opportunity for a community to form encourages residents to stay longer Encourages strong sense of security Low-impact on the environment through the sharing of resources

Sources: https://www.colivingdiaries.com/blog/what-is-colivingpart-1-4-the-basic-definition

Precedent 1: The Collec tive Old Oak

D welling Arrangement

PAGE

The Collective Old Oak Location: London, United Kingdom, 2016 Architec t: PLP Architects/ Whittam Cox Architects Scale: 550 Micro Units / 16,000 sqm Tenure: Rental Site: 0.5 hectares Basic Information: • Residents can choose between private and shared

kitchenette rooms. Each floor also has a larger kitchen and dining space for residents to share.

• It was originally targeted towards single, young professionals

aged between 21 and 35. It was thought to be a cheaper and more sociable option than a regular studio flat in London.

Special Characteristics: • The Collective Old Oak offers an extensive range of

communal facilities. This includes restaurants, a terrace, cinema room, games room, gym and spa. A co-working space also caters for the increasing number of people who are self-employed.

• The Collective also offers a range of programmes for residents •

Initialbusiness conceptcoaching diagram: and self-care Sundays. including classes, Dwelling arrangement clusters are developed to reflect the residents’ requirements, which are then fitted into the larger co-living scheme.

Subsequent co-living developments by The Collective offer larger rooms and a bigger variety of room sizes (4 options rather than 2).

E | 06

PAGE

E | 07

1.4

Ho u s in g St an d ard s Technical Housing Standards - Nationally Described Space Standards , 2015 Published by the government to replace existing varying space standards used by local authorities.

The document was published as statutory guidance rather than building regulations meaning they do not need to be adhered to.

The London Housing Design Guide, 2010 Published to set out the Mayor of London’s aspirations. It provides additional space standards with the nationally described space standards at the core including example room layouts.

Decent Homes Standard, 2000 Accompanied Government announcement to ensure all social housing meets a standard of decency by 2010. In 2002 this was extended to target the private sector.

Defines a mixed community and the benefits including high quality homes, services and opportunity for all.

Our focus: - To provide quality housing for both social and private tenures by meeting and exceeding much of the London Housing Design Guide and Technical Housing Standards - To encourage a mixed community with a mix of housing size, type and tenure - Prioritising the qualities outlined in the London Housing Design Guide’s 5.0 Home as a Place of Retreat

2.1

DfMA Design for Manufac ture and A ssembly A design approach focusing on ease of manufacture and efficient assembly.

Through the design of a product or building it is possible to manufacture and assemble it more efficiently minimising time and cost.

DfMa has started to be used for off-site prefabrication of construction components such as panels, structure or modules.

Benefits 20-60% reduction in construction programme time Reducing construction costs by 20-40% Quality assurance and testing to minimise defects on site Minimising waste Fewer traffic movements required

Disadvantages More time required in the designing stage Skilled workers required for DfMA and BIM software Restrictions in design when only using existing components

Strategies and Systems Minimise the number of components Shape products or components for ease of packaging and transport Design for pre-fabrication or modular design Components / panels / modular or unit

Precedents Dagenham Park School

79 & Park

PAGE

Dagenham Park School Location: London, UK Architec t: AHMM Construction Method: Pre-cast concrete structure and facade panels

Special Characteristics: • The building was designed to maximise use of off-site

construction using a system developed by Laing O’Rourke

• Multi-layered facade panel arrives on site with windows already installed

• The Laing O’Rourke precast concrete manufacturing facility •

could create all of the pre-cast components in 2-3 weeks at maximum capacity The facade panels form one element with integrated structure

How Will This Influence Our Design?

Pre-fabricated panellised construction used for the structural facade panels. Windows, structure and facade integrated.

This could be further improved if pre-fabricated floor panels could be introduced into our design.

E | 08

PAGE

E | 09

2.2

Design St rat e g y

Mixed Communit y Attract and retain residents with a wide range of incomes by providing a mixture of housing types, sizes and tenures.

Interlacing social and private tenures throughout the development to prevent social and economic segregation.

Housing Qualit y Meeting and exceeding Minimum Space Standards for both social and private tenure.

Both tenures to be consistent in quality - private apartments will have a higher Gross Internal Area to differentiate the apartment types.

Providing private external spaces to the apartments in addition to communal areas.

Daylight To prioritise natural daylight and make sure all apartments get direct sunlight as some point during the day.

Design the apartments at a depth to confirm adequate daylighting.

DfMA Utilise a 'Design for Manufacture and Assembly' strategy that could be used to efficiently design and construct the development.

Using panellised pre-fabrication construction techniques will help to minimise waste, ensure quality and reduce construction time.

DfMA techniques will help to reduce construction costs and therefore improve the feasibility of providing quality social housing.

3.1

Macro Site Analysis Base Map Transpor t Routes The main vehicular road next to the site is Higher Cambridge Street parallel to which is Oxford Road, a significant and busy road which connects South Manchester to Central Manchester. Therefore, both road have quite significant traffic levels but is well connected to main routes.

Public Transpor t The site has several bus stops and a variety of bus routes within a 5 mine radius.

Directly adjacent to either side of the site are 2 different bus routes. These run between Picadilly Gardens, Altrincham, Chorlton, Trafford Centre, Pendleton, Wythenshawe and Manchester Airport. Therefore, this would be a good location for young professionals and commuters.

Pedestrian Routes The surrounding context of the site is predominately educational buildings and student accommodation. Therefore, a lot pedestrian traffic and routes are between university buildings and accommodation. To the South of the site is a school meaning pedestrian traffic will be particularly busy as school start and finish times.

Green Space There is minimum green space surrounding the site. South of the site are tennis courts and hockey pitches belonging to the High School. Other green space includes grassy areas surrounding accommodation and landscaping near the University buildings.

L and Use As can be seen from the opposite diagram the area around the site is primarily educational buildings and student accommodation. The educational buildings include University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University, the Royal Northern College of Music and a high school. There are a few nearby building providing private apartments too. Across the road from the site is both a large hotel and private car park.

Educational

Hotel

Student Accommodation

Commercial

Apartments

Car Park

PAGE

E | 10

Map of Manchester showing site area

Views at 3 storeys (9000mm)

Views at 6 storeys (18000mm)

Views at 9 storeys (27000mm)

PAGE

E | 11

3.2

Mic ro Sit e A n al ys is Site Boundar y Removing the existing buildings to establish the site boundary.

Buildable Area Existing entrances to the West and South of the site could potentially be used for site access. Due to the close proximity of the adjacent apartments building it may not be feasible to construct on the area closest to the existing building.

Green space The site currently has a small area of green space close to the neighbouring building which could be expanded upon in our proposals.

Key Views Key views from the site are primarily to the South where there is open space.

Views to the North of the site and towards the Manchester skyline will be available at higher levels

Solar and wind As the land to the South of the site belongs to the school and therefore has not been developed the site will gain direct sunlight. The adjacent apartment building will cause some overshadowing issues later in the day.

The adjacent building will provide some shelter from the prevailing wind direction.

PAGE

E | 12

Defining The Site

The Grid

Filling The Site Perimeter

Var ying Levels

Rotating The Grid

Inefficient C irculation

3 Cores

Increasing Densit y To 4 Cores

Creating E x ternal Spaces

PAGE

E | 13

4.1

Sit e M ass in g Massing Drivers

There were several main drivers when developing the massing on the site.

“5.5.2 All homes should provide direct sunlight to enter at least one habitable room for part of the day.”

“5.2.1 Developments should avoid single aspect dwellings that are north facing”. (London Housing Design Guide) The main priority was to maximise direct sunlight to each apartment at some point in the day. Creating dual aspect apartments which where orientated directly North to South meant that North/East and North/West apartments enabled all apartments the opportunity for direct sunlight in the morning or evening.

The dual aspect dwellings also enabled each apartment to have varying views.

“3.2.1 The number of dwellings accessed from a single core should not exceed eight per floor.” (London Housing Design Guide) Creating a mass where apartments surrounded each core enabled us to minimise circulation. This also meant we did not exceed eight dwellings to a core per floor as outlined in the London Housing Design Guide.

4.2

Layout Development 01 (PS1) Towers

Traditional flat shape

Linear

Site with determined mass

02 (PS1)

Improved flat shape for views

Comparison of arrangements for stacking and minimising circulation routes

PAGE

E | 14

Improved for stacking

Combined

Resolved for chaining

Removing inter-core circulation

03 (PS1)

Resolved flat shape

Clusters derived

Clusters optimised

Creating An Enclosed Central Cour t yard For Residents To Gather

L arger Apar tment Types Placed Towards The Bottom Of The Building To Allow The Building

Mix Up The Placem Housing To Create

= Social Residential

Ac tivate The Street Edge Through The Placement Of Commercial Units = Commercial Space

Communal Spaces O verlook A Central Communal Cour t yard = Communal Space

4 Apar tments To A Apar tment Type C = Core

PAGE

4.3

Key D e s ign M ove s

Design Moves Following on from our site analysis and massing and layout development, we have begun to look at the arrangement of spaces within our building and key design ideas we intend to develop further.

Core Development

ment Of Social And Private e A More Integrated

l Space

= Private Residential Space

A Core - Designed So Any Can Be Placed On Any Corner

E | 15

4.4

Apartment Types O ver view

Studio Apartments Number of social

Design Considerati All apartments have to stick to the 1500mm x 1500mm grid to allow our

Studio Apar tment 1 Bedroom 2 People Apar tment 2 Bedrooms 4 People Apar tment 3 Bedrooms 6 People Apar tment Duplex (1 Bedroom 2 People) Apar tment Wheelchair (1 Bedroom 2 People) Penthouse (3 Bedrooms 6 People)

9m

PAGE

Both our tenure and apartment type split 1B2P Apartments (Inc Duplex) Number of social

2B4P Apartments Number of social

3B6P Apartments (Inc Penthouse) Number of social apartments: 2 Number of private apartments:

ions For All

E | 16

9m

We set a maximum depth of apartments at 9m to ensure good natural daylight levels in all rooms (kitchens, Ensuring all apartment types fit within the two end structural walls allows them to be

Structural wall that

Bathroom 5 m²

Utility Room

DW REF.

W

Kitchen 8 m²

1 m²

Locating the kitchen, utility room and bathroom along these walls in all apartments allows risers/ services/

We purposely placed all kitchens, utility rooms and bathrooms towards the centre of the building because we wanted all living rooms and bedrooms Structural wall that

Wheelchair 1B2P Apartments

Total no. of People: 156 Total no. of Apartments: 68

Private 3b6p (Penthouse) Apar tment

Private 1b2p (Duplex) Apar tment

Private 2b4p Apar tment

Social 3b6p Apar tment

Social 2b4p Apar tment

PAGE

E | 17

4.5

A pa rtme n t A x on ome t ric s

Wheelchair 1b2p Apar tment

Any Apar tment Type Fitting Around the

Private 1b2p Apar tment

Private Studio Apar tment

Social 1b2p Apar tment

Social Studio Apar tment

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Site Plan

5.1

1:400 at A3 1:200 at A1

PAGE

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

et tre eS dg bri am rC he Hig

E | 18

S

A 01

11

01

1114

1417

17

11

14

17

27

2730

3033

27

30

3533

33

3538

3841

41

35

38

41

45

45

5

45

A

5

A E

3 North

8 6

1

E H

212

3

5 1

H K

5

2

K

12

O

4

7

5

6

3

O

9

4

6

3

T

8

12

T W

W Z

10 Z

6

5

Key: II

II LL

LL OO

1 = Main Residential Lobby 2 = Back Office Key: 3 = Refuse Store 14==Hot Water Storage and Boiler Room Cycle Store 2 (86m ) 5 = Commercial Unit 2 6= = Core Commercial Unit 3 = Battery (UPS) Room (53m2) Service Room 4 = Potable Water Storage (86m2) 7 = Co-Working Space 8 = Residential Lobby 9 = Co-Living Space 10 = Nursery 11 = Quite Reading Space 12 = Core

8 12 11

4

OO

0

5

10

5

3

6

20 m

1:250 at A3

Y AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION ZZ

PAGE

54

54

5.2

54 A

A

Fl oor P l an s

A

Residential Floor Plans: = Social Housing

= Private Housing

E

H

E H

Ninth Floor Plan

K

H K

Eighth Floor Plan

K O

O

O

T

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

E

Seventh Floor Plan

Six th Floor Plan

T

Fifth Floor Plan W

T W

For th Floor Plan Z

W Z

Z

Third Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

II

II

LL

II LL

OO

LL OO

OO

First Floor Plan Communal / Commercial Floor Plan: = Communal Space

Ground Floor Plan Plant Floor Plan:

Scale 1:200 Basement Floor Plan PRODUCED

E | 19

ZZ

ZZ

= Commercial Unit

5.3

Short Section

PAGE

E | 20

01 (PS1)

02 (PS1)

0

1m

3m

PAGE

E | 21

5.4

Facad e St u d y NOTE: Hover over section call-outs for details.

External angled louvres to prevent overlooking

External louvres in plan:

45o

5.5

Elevations

3. Detailed Elevation 1:200 at A3

PAGE

E | 22

1. North Elevation 1:400 at A3

2. East Elevation 1:400 at A3

PAGE

E | 23

5.6

Lo n g Sec t ion

5.7

Panellised Construction

03 (PS1)

01 (PS1)

02 (PS1)

Breakdown of construction strategy and component build-ups:

20mm light oak finish flooring 112mm deep concrete screed 10mm steel metal deck 250mm deep rockwool insulation filler Lightweight Steel 202x20 'C' Support Joists 40mm double layered high performance insulation board 50mm metal hangers 20mm Plasterboard Ceiling finish 1:20 Detail showing floor panel - facade panel junction

230x75x26mm UKPFC Parallel Flange channel beams (doub up at perimeter to form edge-supporting UKB 'I' beams

PAGE

bled

E | 24

Steel frame UKPFC Channel beams

Ceiling Panels All at 1.5m wide strips Includes Servicing zone

Utility Pod Pre-fabricated off-site

Bathroom Pod Pre-fabricated off-site

Partition Panels Insulated Flat-divider Wall Panels

Facade Panels Constructed off-site and fixed onto column frame

Insulated Steel Column grid UKC Columns

Floor panels All at 1.5m wide strips Includes structural zone

Steel frame UKPFC Channel beams Includes terrace support frame

Steel frame formed on a 4.5mx4.5m grid with additional supporting perimeter beams.

230-250mm deep 'I' beams and 360mm deep perimeter Channel beams

Shear Walls (braced walls to resistant overall lateral movement of the building

600mm thick reinforced concrete retaining walls cast in-situ 2mx2m 900mm deep concrete pile cap with 4 piles per cap

Axonometric cut-through of the northern-most cluster tower showing the steel frame, column grid, shear walls concrete base and pile foundations

PAGE

e g s s

E | 25

6.1

Stru ct u ral St rat e g y KEY

Basement below 306x306x12 UKC Column Load -bearing walls Structural Cores; including symmetric shear wall layout

Ground Floor Structural Plan; the ground floor acts as a rigid podium that is cast and constgructed on-site, supporting the remaing structure above

Exploded Apartment Type showing the primary steel frame and secondary, supported structural elements that are embedded within the panelised system

6.2

Catalogue of Parts r Floo

s

el Pan

al l a yW Par t l e Pan

ro nd F

s

el (Pan e r o C The m) e s Sy t

ised

a room h t a B s Pod

.C. nd W

anel al l P W l rna E x te

Roo

U ti l i t

s

el f Pan

d y Po

PAGE

ont D

oor

ue talog ent) a C ent ar tm ar tm udio Ap p A t ple ial S E xam r ts (Soc of Pa

anel al l P W l na Inter

E | 26

s

This catalogue shows all of the panels and pods that will be used to construct our building using a panelised DFMA construction strategy. On the far left is our panelised core design and on the far right is an example of one of our panelised apartments. Also included in this diagram are our prefabricated utility room, bathrooms and W.C.

1. E xcavate Site And L ay Foundations And Basement

2 . L ay Ground Floor Slab And Use Crane To Position Cores

3. Erect Steel Frame

4. Build Ground Floor On Site

5. Position Panelised Apar tments

6. Finished Building

STAGE NO. 0 1 2 3 4 5

6

STAGE Strategic Definition Preparation & Brief Concept Design Developed Design Technical Design Construction Demolition of existing buildings Panellised module construction Foundation and basement Ground floor slab and cores Ground floor construction Panellised construction on apartments MEP fitted Internal finishes Handover and Close Out

DURATION 1 2 2 8 12 25 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 3 1

WEEK NO. 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

PAGE

E | 27

6.3

DfMA & RI BA P l an of Work Construction Sequence Diagram The Series Of Diagrams On The Left Shows The Construction Sequence Of Our Scheme.

R IBA Plan of Work The DfMA overlay for the RIBA Plan of Work outlines additional tasks and considerations when using DfMA for a project.

Due to the development of DfMA strategy and standardisation in components more time may be required in the Developed and Technical Design stages. In turn, this significantly reduces the construction time.

Our proposal features panellised components for the construction of the cores and apartments. Further time could be reduced on site if the ground floor was also panellised construction.

6.4

Site MEP Strateg y Ser vices All apartments are serviced from the basement through the designated riser shafts within the core. The fire shaft is located at the centre of the core, within fire-rated walls, next to the stairwell so that smoke can be extracted from the building in case of a fire.

Utility rooms facilitate the electrical systems and mechanical ventilation unit, acting as a hub for the remainder of the flat.

Plan view of first floor MEP strategy, showing the stacking of bathrooms and utility rooms throughout the tower

PAGE

E | 28

Ventilation shaft

Electrics shaft Landlord and comms Fire Shaft (fire-rated)

Riser space for heating, pipework and water, to feed into the utility room

LV Switch Room Boiler room and hot water storage Sprinkler room

Exploded axonometric view showing the basement plant rooms that feed into the core risers, alongside the auxillary servicing that supplies the flats from the core

SPOTLIGHT SVP INLET DOUBLE WASTE SUPPLY SPOTLIGHT PENDANT LIGHT WATER OUTLETSUPPLY LED LIGHT STRIP EXTRACT SWITCH DOUBLE SOCKET SINGLE SOCKET DOUBLE SOCKET (ABOVE COUNTER) TV POINT FUSE BOX

Second Floor Plan West Cluster

PAGE

E | 29

6.5

P la n M EP St rat e g y

L ighting and Power L ayout All power sockets and light switches to have their centre line 450-1200mm above finished floor level.

Water and Waste L ayout Bathrooms and kitchens are stacked throughout the scheme for water supply and waste.

Ventilation Strategy Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) units are proposed to each flat.

The MVHR unit is built into a cupboard in the utility room.

The Inlet and Outlet grates will be concealed behind the facade louvres.

Bathrooms / ensuites / WCs and Kitchen to have mechanical extract. Habitable rooms to have mechanical supply. All internal doors to have airlet (10mm gap under doors).

Heating Strategy The heating strategy throughout each apartment is underfloor heating. The UFH manifold can be contained within the utility unit.

6.6

Building Regulations Approved Document K - Protec tion from falling, collision and impact Stair railings and external balustrades to meet approved Document K. Design ensures balustrade is nonclimbable and no gaps greater than 99mm.

Internal railings to be 900mm minimum. External roof and edge protection to be 1100mm minimum.

Any glazing less than 800mm from floor level to be fitted with class C toughened glass to Bs6206. If the pane width exceeds 900 mm width it is to be fitted with class B toughened glass.

Approved Document M - Access to and All 1 bedroom and 2 bedroom apartments have been designed to be Category 2 Accessible and Adaptable Dwellings.

There is also the inclusion of 1 no. Category 3 Wheelchair User Dwelling.

Annotations describe considerations additional to minimum hall and door widths which have been met in the dwellings.

Approved Document B - Fire Safet y

5.4m from any

- Fire protected core and staircase to be surrounded by fire rated compartment walls - Doors and exits hung to open in the direction of escape as per regulation 3.94 - All fire doors to be FD30, self closing and sealed with intumescent sealant to prevent smoke leakage.

- Fire alarm system and sprinkler system to be installed in every apartment - From the flat entrance door, a single escape route is acceptable when the flat is separated from the common stair by a protected lobby or corridor as per regulation 3.27.

- In hindsight the fire safety of the apartments would be improved by the implementation of a fire regulated corridor to compartmentalise the kitchen from the apartment entrance door as per diagram 3.2.

Approved Document H - Waste Disposal A refuse store has been provided for each residential block, with a combined capacity of 0.3m3 per dwelling. These are located within 30m of each apartment (excluding vertical movement), with the maximum distance travelled being 16m.

Each waste container in the refuse store can be taken directly to the collection point without going through the building.

Second Floor P Second Floor

PAGE

Bathroom designed as per examples of Categor y 2 Bedroom designed as per the clear access

BUILDING REGULATIONS AND NOTES 5.8m from the lifts to

8.4m from the lifts to

Typical Private 1 bedroom 2 person apar tment

Bathroom 2900 x 2450 mm. Wheelchair adaptable with

the potential to

Wheelchair storage and transfer space as

K itchen designed as per diagram 3.8.

6.6m from the lifts to

Lowered sec tion of worktop with

Bedroom designed as per the clear access zones and manoeuvering spaces in

Plan (representative of all cores) Ground Floor Plan Plan - example of 1 core (Second Floor Plan 1 bedroom 2 person CategorGround y3

E | 30

= Refuse Store

10.6m from the lifts to

Daylighting

PAGE

E | 31

6.7

En viro n me n t al St rat e g y Apar tment Orientation Each apartment type is designed to fit the corner of the core. This meant each level of the core could host four apartments.

By placing the apartments on the corners of the core, plus the stepped design of the apartments, ensures that all apartments have the opportunity for direct sunlight at one point in the day.

Apartments that are North and East facing can received morning sun whereas apartments facing North and West have access to evening sunlight.

The placement of the apartments and the stepped design ensures every apartment is dual aspect with views in two directions..

PAGE

E | 32

Internal view of a penthouse living area

Internal view of ground floor co-living space

PAGE

E | 33

PAGE

E | 34

Henr y Baker This project represents our response to a severe shortage of housing nationally, being made worse by a fragmented, inefficient construction industry. This project aimed to deliver a scheme that utilises DfMA in the form of panelised construction, streamlining the cost of production and assembly while giving inhabitants a good quality of life. The resultant scheme accomplishes and exceeds these targets by incorporating a thorough geometric strategy, organising the flat types in a way that forms a complex and aesthetically-stimulating building for the passer-by.

This project used Revit extensively and in particular parametric modelling of panel components; groups that allowed us to allocated certain panel sizes and make-ups to various wall and floor lengths. One draw-back that hindered the progress of the design team was the lack of work-sharing functionality. This would have thoroughly improved the efficiency of our design development.

Elise Colley This project has taught me a lot about the current housing crisis in the UK and Manchester. I already knew that it was an issue of supply and affordability however other factors such as suitability and quality play a huge part in it. Knowing the different factors that contribute towards the housing crisis meant that I felt it was important for our housing scheme to addressed them all, not just the simply increasing the number of social housing in the area.

I had never used DFMA as a construction method in any of my projects prior to this before but I do believe that not only will our panelised DFMA strategy increase the speed of construction of the project if it were to be built, but it has also made our design process more efficient.

As a group I think we worked really well. We each had different strengths in different aspects of the project and we were able to successfully share these skills between us.

Abigail March This project has enabled me to develop knowledge on both social housing and the application of DfMA within construction and architecture to enable us to design a proposal that responds directly to Manchester's housing crisis. In addition to this, the incorporation of DfMA has many benefits such as improving the quality and quantity of builds whilst reducing construction time.

It seems that the architecture industry is behind other industries with the application of technology, BIM and DfMA, and it is therefore advantageous to have been provided to opportunity to research and learn about such tools. I found it really advantageous to learn about; in particular pre-fabrication panellised construction, the benefits and the limitations.

I found the group work aspect much like working in practice. Alongside the research and learning required for this project I have also been able to gain knowledge and skills from my colleagues.

PAGE

E | 35

7.1

Co n c lud in g T h ou gh t s Group Conclusion This project was designed to meet the housing crisis issues we had identified at the start of the project. We learnt that the housing crisis doesn't just effect social housing but impacts on a diverse range of incomes, ages and needs.

We therefore wanted to address this by providing a mixed community with a variety of apartments and tenures. We established early on in the project that our aim was to split the project equally between social and private, with our ratio of apartment sizes directly influenced by the research undertaken at the start of the project. The research identified the demand and supply of social housing types, consequently, we responded with the majority provision of Studios and 1 bedroom apartments.

Although a mixed community is not an innovative idea we hope through the incorporation of DfMA that design and constructing social and private housing that is both affordable and exceeds quality standards is a beneficial system that directly addresses the housing crisis specific to Manchester.

We all feel we have benefited from working as a group of 3 throughout the project. We were able to collaborate on all aspects of the design development and drawing production. We all had a different range of experience which in turn has enhanced our learning throughout the project.

To critically analyse the project, given more time we would have liked to further explore panellisation and pre-fabrication of elements in more depth and to test the limits. We would have also liked to have explored whether this process could be applied to other sites.