{ TEACHER’S
GUIDE }
CLEAN MODS, SAFE BODS Hepatitis C, Body Art and Young People
2
{ Contents } INTRODUCTION
03
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT HEPATITIS C
08
ACTIVITY 1 - CLASS DISCUSSION
10
ACTIVITY 2 - TRANSMISSION GAME
12
ACTIVITY 3 - HANNAH’S STORY + DISCUSSION
22
ACTIVITY 4 - HEPATITIS C QUIZ
26
CONTRIBUTORS
29
CONTACTS
30
REFERENCE
31
3
{ Introduction }
Educating young people about hepatitis C Hepatitis C is an important health issue to discuss with young people. In Australia, approximately 1 in 10 new infections are amongst 15-19 year olds. The majority of hepatitis C infections in Australia are a result of sharing injecting drug equipment. However, new hepatitis C infections are also occurring through “backyard” tattoos and piercings, which are tattoos and piercings performed outside of professional establishments. In South Australia, young people may seek
“backyard” body art because professional establishments cannot legally provide tattoos, or a number of piercings, to people younger than eighteen. It is crucial that young people are well informed about the risks of hepatitis C in order to make choices that promote and protect their health. Young people require relevant and nonjudgemental information on these topics.
The National Hepatitis C Strategy (2010-2013) identifies young people as an important population to educate about the virus, ensuring they can identify transmission risks. It is also important that young people, who may have been exposed to the virus, know where to access support, testing and treatment. Furthermore, education on hepatitis C aims to dispel stigma and discrimination towards people living with the virus.
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The Clean Mods, Safe Bods resource This resource is designed so that teachers can facilitate a lesson about hepatitis C, without having prior knowledge about the virus. It is a self-timed Prezi presentation with a voiceover that takes students through important information. At intervals during the presentation, there is allocated time for a class discussion, a transmission game, a video called Hannah’s Story, and a quiz. Each activity is simple to facilitate, and has easy step-by-step instructions found in the following pages of this guide.
The resource contains all the necessary information to provide young people with a basic understanding about hepatitis C, tattoos, piercings, and knowledge of where to access more information and support. It includes information about transmission risks, prevention, treatment, and issues of stigma and discrimination. This resource also discusses South Australian tattoo and piercing laws, the process of selecting a professional tattoo/piercing studio, and avoiding unprofessional “backyard� practices.
Number of participants This resource can be facilitated with between 1 to 30 students. If you have over 24 students in a class, please put students into pairs during the Transmission Game.
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Length The length of the session will depend upon the time spent on each activity. It may be completed in a single or a double lesson. Depending upon time restrictions, teachers may adjust the amount of time spent on class discussions. If time is limited, teachers may prefer that students watch the Prezi presentation in one session, and facilitate one or more of the activities in a different session. Without the activities and Hannah’s Story, the Prezi presentation goes for 14 minutes. Teachers may choose to do as many or as few activities as they see fit.
Activity 1
Discussion
5 minutes
Activity 2
Transmission Game
15 minutes
Video
Hannah’s Story
9 minutes
Activity 3
Hannah’s Story Discussion
10 minutes
Activity 4
Hepatitis C Quiz
10 minutes
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To start the Prezi presentation content Prezi
1. Open up folder 2. Click on Prezi.exe
Prezi.exe
Prezi.exe
3. Put on full screen 4. Press Play
Pause Prezi for activities The Prezi presentation will indicate when it is time for an activity. For example the screen will display “Activity 1- Do you have a tattoo or piercing?� You will have 10 seconds to press pause. Once you have completed the activity, you must press play. Please note that the play button is on the bottom left hand side of the screen. Please allow 10 seconds for the Prezi to resume.
content Prezi
1. Open up folder
Prezi.exe
2. Look for Blue Prezi icon Prezi
3. Put on full screen 4. Press Play
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Before you begin... Please ensure that loudspeakers are switched on before starting the presentation.
For more information... Teachers are encouraged to contact the Hepatitis SA Helpline if they require more information or are unable to answer any questions arising from this resource. The Helpline is a confidential service. Please call 1300 437 222 (1300 HEP ABC), Monday to Friday, 9am – 5pm.
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{ Important information about hepatitis C } What is hepatitis C? Hepatitis C is a blood borne virus that causes damage to the liver. The liver is a vital organ, and is essential for survival. There is only one liver in the body; it is located under the ribcage on the righthand side.
How is hepatitis C transmitted? Hepatitis C is transmitted through blood to blood contact. This means blood that is hepatitis C positive must enter the bloodstream of another person for infection to occur.
Is hepatitis C a sexually transmitted infection? Hepatitis C is not found in sexual fluids, and is therefore not considered a sexually transmitted infection. Sex is only a transmission risk for hepatitis C if blood is present.
Is there a vaccination for Hepatitis C? No, there is not a vaccination for hepatitis C. However, there are vaccinations for hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
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How do you get tested for hepatitis C? If someone thinks they may have been exposed to hepatitis C, they should ask their GP to test them for the virus. This involves two blood tests; an antibody test and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. These two blood tests are the only way to determine whether someone is hepatitis C positive.
Is there a treatment for hepatitis C? There is a treatment for hepatitis C, and some people can be cured through treatment. The treatment for hepatitis C is medication that can only be prescribed by a doctor. If a person is cured, this means they no longer have the virus and can no longer pass the virus on to someone else. People who cannot be cured through treatment, or cannot access treatment, should still regularly see their doctor to maintain a healthy liver.
Is casual, everyday contact a hepatitis C transmission risk? People who have hepatitis C often encounter stigma and discrimination as other people are afraid of contracting the virus. It is important to remember that you cannot catch hepatitis C from casual contact (for example, sneezing, coughing, hugging, kissing, sharing food, shaking hands).
What are ‘universal precautions’? It is important to follow universal precautions when dealing with blood. This means treating all blood as if it could potentially contain a blood borne virus, and using precautions to ensure you, and others around you, do not come into contact with blood. For example, wear protective eyewear and gloves when cleaning up blood spills.
Who do I contact for more information? Hepatitis SA has a confidential helpline staffed Monday-Friday, 9.00am-5.00pm. Please call 1300 HEP ABC (1300 437 222) to contact this service.
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{ Activity 1 }
Discussion Do you have a tattoo or piercing? Many young people already have tattoos or piercings, or have at least considered getting them. Tattoos and piercings can be a form of self-expression, which may represent individuality, independence, art, activism or fashion. As tattoos and piercings are increasingly popular in mainstream culture, young people are likely to have opinions on these forms of body modifications.
Please note It is important that students feel comfortable to discuss their opinions without judgement. There are no correct or incorrect answers to this question. It may be useful to split the class into smaller groups for initial talks and subsequently bring the discussion back to the wider classroom. Stimulate discussion by following up with the questions below: > Where did you go to get your tattoo/piercing?
Aim Through encouraging students to share varying experiences and opinions about tattoos and piercings, this activity aims to generate interest in the topic and raise questions about safe body art practices. The discussion may also determine baseline knowledge around safe tattoo and piercing practices; while some young people may not have any tattoos or piercings, others may have engaged in risky activities to attain body modifications without an awareness of the risks involved.
> Do you think this procedure was done safely? > Did the tattooist or piercer wear gloves? > Have you ever tried to give yourself, or a friend, a tattoo or piercing?
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{ Activity 2 } Transmission game During the transmission game, students are given one or more cards stating an activity. Students must decide if the activity stated on the card has a high, low-tomoderate or low risk of passing on hepatitis C. This game should be conducted assuming that one person involved in the activity has hepatitis C. For example, ‘sharing cups’ means ‘sharing cups with a person who has hepatitis C’.
Aim The transmission game aims to teach students about hepatitis C transmission risks. It is used to reinforce the message that hepatitis C is transmitted through blood-toblood contact. Blood must exit a person with hepatitis C, and enter the blood stream of another person for infection to occur. The transmission game also emphasises that casual everyday contact is not a hepatitis risk. Casual contact includes sharing cups, plates and cutlery, hugging, kissing, sneezing, coughing or shaking hands. Students should learn not to feel scared to be around someone who has hepatitis C.
How do I facilitate this game? STEP 1
Photocopy and cut out activity cards.
STEP 2
Hand out one or more activity card to students. If you have more than twenty-four students in the class, put students into groups for the game.
STEP 3
Ask students to tell the class whether they think the activity has a high, low-to-moderate or low risk of hepatitis C transmission.
STEP 4
Teachers should consult the attached chart for answers and explanations. For your convenience, answers are in alphabetical order and are numbered. The attached chart states the activity, the level of risk for that activity, and a short explanation regarding the level of risk.
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Please note > Cards should be shuffled before the game. > Teachers may encounter a range of hypothetical questions about blood to bloodstream transmission. For example, “what if you kiss someone who has blood in their mouth?� Teachers are encouraged to keep in mind the context of the situation to assess the risk. You may like to discuss the likelihood of a person kissing someone who is bleeding from the mouth, whilst also having an open cut or sore in their mouth. Please keep in mind the concept of blood to bloodstream contact. If you are still unsure, please contact the Hepatitis SA Helpline (1300 437 222).
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Activity cards 1
7
13
19
BACKYARD PIERCINGS
MOSQUITO BITE
SHAKING HANDS
SHARING NAIL CLIPPERS
2
8
14
20
BACKYARD TATTOOS
MOTHER TO BABY DURING BIRTH
SHARING BODYPIERCING JEWELLERY
SHARING PLATES AND CUTLERY
3
9
15
21
BLOOD DURING SPORT
NEEDLE-STICK INJURY
SHARING DRINKS
SHARING RAZORS
4
10
16
22
BLOOD TRANSFUSION BEFORE 1990
PIERCING AT A PROFESSIONAL ESTABLISHMENT
SHARING EQUIPMENT FOR INJECTING DRUGS
SHARING TOOTHBRUSHES
5
11
17
23
FIGHTING
SCARIFICATION
SHARING FOOD
TOILET SEATS
6
12
18
24
KISSING
SEX
SHARING HAIR CLIPPERS
TATTOO AT PROFESSIONAL ESTABLISHMENT
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Teacher’s Chart NO 1
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
BACKYARD PIERCINGS
HIGH
WHY? • • • • •
2
BACKYARD TATTOOS
HIGH
• •
• • • •
There is a high risk of hepatitis C transmission through backyard piercings. Piercing equipment should be single-use only. Backyard piercings can be a hepatitis C transmission risk when equipment is shared. The hepatitis C virus can live outside the body for approximately four days. Soapy water, bleach, alcohol wipes, methylated spirits and a flame cannot completely destroy the hepatitis C virus.
There is a high risk of hepatitis C transmission through backyard tattoos. Tattooing equipment can only be sterilised correctly in an autoclave machine. Autoclave machines are expensive and require regular servicing. People are unlikely to have professional autoclaves in their homes. Many people risk serious health conditions through using tattoo equipment that has been purchased online. Your “backyard” tattooist may not be professionally trained. They will not undergo safety checks and may not follow professional regulations. “Backyard” tattoos can be performed in unsterile conditions using unsterile equipment and ink. Soapy water, bleach, alcohol wipes, methylated spirits and a flame cannot completely destroy the hepatitis C virus.
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NO 3
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
BLOOD DURING SPORT
LOWMODERATE
WHY? • • •
•
•
4
BLOOD TRANSFUSION BEFORE 1990
LOWMODERATE
• • •
5
FIGHTING
LOWMODERATE
• •
There is a low-to-moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through blood during sport. It is important that open cuts or wounds are covered to reduce the chance of blood transmission or exposure. Under the blood rule in sports, a player who is bleeding, or has blood on his/her uniform, is required to leave the ground. The player is not allowed to return until the bleeding has ceased and blood has been removed. There are a small number of sports in South Australia that do not allow people with a blood-borne virus (HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C) to participate. For example, people with a blood-borne virus cannot participate in Mixed Martial Arts. In these sports, participants often bleed and the blood rule is not implemented. People with a blood-borne virus are allowed to participate in the vast majority of sports in Australia. In most cases, preventing someone from participating in a sport because they have a blood borne virus is discrimination. There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through a blood transfusion before 1990. Blood and organ donations were not screened for hepatitis C before 1990. Before this time, hepatitis C had not been officially identified. The risk of getting hepatitis C from a blood transfusion before 1990 is increased if a person received multiple blood transfusions.
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through fighting. Hepatitis C positive blood would need to be present for fighting to be a transmission risk. To pass on the virus, this blood would need to enter the bloodstream of another person. Therefore, this risk is heightened when other people involved in the fight have open cuts and wounds.
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NO
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
6
KISSING
LOW
•
It is very unlikely that hepatitis C positive blood would be able to enter the bloodstream of another person through kissing.
7
MOSQUITO BITE
NO RISK
•
Unlike some other viruses, including dengue fever and malaria, hepatitis C is not passed on through mosquito bites.
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MOTHER TO BABY DURING BIRTH
LOWMODERATE
•
The risk of a mother with hepatitis C passing on the virus to her baby is approximately 5% If a mother has hepatitis C, hospitals avoid using items that may cut the skin of the baby during birth.
NEEDLE-STICK INJURY
LOWMODERATE
•
9
WHY?
•
•
• •
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through a needle-stick injury. This risk remains low whether the injury occurs in the community (i.e. a person steps on a needle at the beach), or whether the injury occurs in a workplace (i.e a healthcare worker experiences a needle-stick injury with a needle that has previously been used on a patient with hepatitis C). If the needle contains hepatitis C positive blood, the risk of transmission is approximately 3%. People who experience a needle stick injury should seek medical attention immediately, and get tested for blood-borne viruses.
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NO
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
10
PIERCING AT A PROFESSIONAL PIERCING ESTABLISHMENT
LOW
SCARIFICATION
HIGH
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WHY? • • •
• • •
12
SEX
LOWMODERATE
• •
DEPENDING ON EXPOSURE TO BLOOD
•
•
Getting a piercing at a professional piercing establishment is a much lower transmission risk than backyard piercings. It is always recommended that you do a risk assessment before choosing your professional piercer. Find out whether the piercer: > is aware about blood borne virus transmission > wears gloves > covers surfaces that may contain blood > uses single-use piercing equipment > sets up all the equipment before they start the piercing.
Scarification involves cutting or etching words or designs into the skin, leaving permanent scars. Self-harm through cutting is also a form of scarification. There is a high risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing scarification equipment. Scarification also presents a risk as it creates an open bleeding wound.
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through sex. Hepatitis C is passed on through blood-to-blood contact only. It is not found in sexual fluids, including semen or vaginal fluids, and is therefore not considered a sexually transmitted infection. Hepatitis C is only considered a transmission risk during sex if blood is present. This risk may be heightened during sexual activities that are more likely to involve blood. For example, rough sex or anal sex. It may also be heightened if sexual partners have sexually transmitted infections causing sores and broken skin. Using protective barriers, including condoms, is always recommended during sex. Other blood borne viruses, including hepatitis B and HIV are found in sexual fluids.
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NO
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
WHY?
13
SHAKING HANDS
LOW
• •
Shaking hands is not a hepatitis C transmission risk. It is highly unlikely that hepatitis C positive blood would be able to enter the bloodstream of another person through shaking hands.
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SHARING BODYPIERCING JEWELLERY
LOWMODERATE
•
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing bodypiercing jewellery. Hepatitis C can be transmitted through tiny amounts of blood that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
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SHARING DRINKS
LOW
• •
Sharing drinks is not a hepatitis C transmission risk. It is highly unlikely that hepatitis C positive blood would be able to enter the bloodstream of another person through sharing drinks.
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SHARING EQUIPMENT FOR INJECTING
HIGH
•
There is a high risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing injecting drug equipment. The majority of hepatitis C infections are transmitted through sharing injecting drug equipment. People should not share any forms of injecting drug equipment, including needles, syringes, tourniquets, bags or spoons. South Australia has many Clean Needle Program sites where people can get free sterile injecting equipment. These programs have significantly reduced rates of blood borne viruses in the community.
•
• • •
17
SHARING FOOD
LOW
• •
Sharing food is not a hepatitis C transmission risk. It is highly unlikely that hepatitis C positive blood would be able to enter the bloodstream of another person through sharing food.
20
NO
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
18
SHARING HAIR CLIPPERS
LOWMODERATE
WHY? • •
•
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing hair clippers. Hair clippers have different guard attachments to determine the length of the shave. In order to get the closest shave, the guard is removed, which increases the chances of the blade cutting the skin. Hepatitis C can be transmitted from tiny amounts of blood that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
SHARING NAIL CLIPPERS
LOWMODERATE
•
20
SHARING PLATES AND CUTLERY
LOW
• •
Sharing plates and cutlery is not a hepatitis C transmission risk. It is highly unlikely that hepatitis C positive blood would be able to enter the bloodstream of another person through sharing plates and cutlery.
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SHARING RAZORS
LOWMODERATE
•
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing razors. Hepatitis C can be transmitted through tiny amounts of blood that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
LOWMODERATE
•
19
22
SHARING TOOTHBRUSHES
•
•
•
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing nail clippers. Hepatitis C can be transmitted from tiny amounts of blood that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
There is a low to moderate risk of hepatitis C transmission through sharing toothbrushes. Hepatitis C can be transmitted through tiny amounts of blood that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
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NO
ACTIVITY
LEVEL OF RISK
23
TOILET SEATS
LOW
WHY? • •
24
TATTOO AT PROFESSIONAL ESTABLISHMENT
LOW
• •
It is highly unlikely that hepatitis C positive blood would enter the bloodstream of another person through sitting on the same toilet seat. Even if blood were present on the toilet seat, it would have to enter the bloodstream of another person to be a transmission risk.
Getting a tattoo at a professional establishment is a much lower transmission risk than backyard tattoos. It is always recommended that you do a risk assessment before choosing your professional tattooist. See if the tattooist has an autoclave machine, and: > is aware of blood-borne virus transmission > wears gloves > covers surfaces that may contain blood > uses single-use equipment for equipment that cannot be put into the autoclave machine > sets up all equipment before they start tattooing.
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{ Activity 3 } Hannah’s Story + discussion Hannah’s Story is a video link found in the Prezi presentation. It is an interview with Hannah, a twenty-four year old who has lived with hepatitis C for eight years. The interview covers a range of topics including her diagnosis, support from family and friends, her experiences with stigma and discrimination, and her views on treatment.
Length The video is approximately 9 minutes in length.
Videographer Anders Wotzke (andersw@adam.com.au)
Aim Through introducing students to a young person with hepatitis C, this video aims to address issues of stigma and discrimination. Hannah is a thoughtful, healthy and happy young person. Through her experience, students may understand how misinformation, and stigmatising attitudes and behaviours, can influence others. The interview aims to breakdown stereotypes, and increase understanding about why it is not appropriate to ask, or relevant to know, how people contracted a blood borne virus. Hannah’s Story may also be encouraging and reassuring to other young people who have hepatitis C.
Discussion Teachers may want students to discuss one or more of the following discussion points. These points could be discussed as a whole class or in small groups. There are many perspectives about these topics, however teachers have been provided with helpful hints to facilitate group discussion.
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Option 1
Stigma and discrimination
Hannah discusses a few instances where she has encountered stigma and discrimination. • What were these instances? • If your friend had hepatitis C, how would you support him/her?
Hints for teachers During her pregnancy, Hannah experienced stigma and discrimination from a nurse. The nurse was nice to Hannah until she found out that Hannah had hepatitis C. It is never okay to treat someone badly or differently just because they have a blood borne virus. Whilst there is more than one way to become infected with hepatitis C, often people assume the virus was caught through sharing injecting drug equipment. People who inject drugs often encounter significant stigma and discrimination in society. It is inappropriate to ask how someone got hepatitis C. Knowing someone has the virus should not impact on how you treat them. Everyone has different life experiences, and everyone deserves respect. The next segment of the Prezi will discuss universal precautions, which are best practice
guidelines to prevent people coming into direct contact with blood. All healthcare workers (including nurses) should adopt universal precautions and assume that all blood may contain a blood borne virus. This is the best approach to avoid any blood borne virus transmission risks. Hannah also encountered stigma and discrimination when she was with people who did not know she had hepatitis C. They would often make jokes about blood borne viruses, without realising they were upsetting and insulting Hannah. Many people know someone with a blood borne virus, but due to societal stigma and discrimination, they are often unaware of the person’s blood borne virus status. It is important to be respectful about these issues as you never know who you are insulting, upsetting, or isolating.
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Option 2
Treatment For many people, hepatitis C can be cured through treatment. All drug treatments have side effects. Some people tolerate the side effects of current hepatitis C treatments very well, whilst others find them very debilitating. Some of the common side effects of hepatitis C treatment include nausea, chills, skin irritation, mouth ulcers and depression. Some people need to be on treatment for 6 months and some for up to a year. There are new treatments currently being developed that have higher cure rates, less side effects and are of shorter duration. These new treatments are expected to be widely available in Australia before 2020. • What are the main factors influencing Hannah’s decision not to have treatment at this time? • What things would you need to consider about getting treated, if you had hepatitis C?
Hints for teachers The treatment for hepatitis C can potentially result in a number of unpleasant symptoms. Hannah was not yet ready for treatment because she did not want to feel tired and grumpy in her child’s first few years of life. However, in the longer term, she also did not want to get to the stage where her life was threatened, or she required a liver transplant. When someone is deciding whether to undergo treatment, it is important they see a doctor to find out about the health of their liver. This allows them to make an informed decision about treatment. Some people can afford to wait for upcoming medications that have fewer side effects; others have significant liver damage and are advised to start treatment as soon as practically possible.
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Option 3
Backyard tattoos and hep C Hannah received a backyard tattoo after she had been diagnosed with hepatitis C. • How does this highlight the risks associated with getting a backyard tattoo or piercing?
Hints for teachers Hannah discloses that her friend gave her a backyard tattoo after she had been diagnosed with hepatitis C. Many young people assume that other young people will not have a blood borne virus. Therefore, they are not concerned about sharing equipment that contains blood. Items that potentially contain blood should never be shared, and substances like bleach, alcohol wipes, methylated spirits, and a flame, will not kill off the hepatitis C virus. This equipment needs to be sterilised in an autoclave machine.
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{ Activity 4 } AC
T IV IT
Y
Hepatitis C quiz
How to facilitate the quiz
The Prezi presentation aimed to increase students’ knowledge of hepatitis C, and safe tattoo and piercing practices. The quiz will allow students to test their new knowledge, covering topics including the virus, routes of transmission, safe and unsafe tattoos and piercings, and universal precautions. Teachers are provided with the quiz complete with answers, and a blank quiz that may be photocopied and handed out to students.
• Teachers may prefer to read out the quiz questions and encourage students to provide verbal answers. Alternatively, teachers may prefer that students fill out a hardcopy of the quiz. If this is the preferred option, simply photocopy the blank quiz found on page 28.
Aim The final activity aims to determine whether students have gained knowledge about hepatitis C. It will allow teachers to address any misinterpretations, and reinforce key messages.
• Teachers may prefer students to fill out the quiz during the Prezi presentation, or on completion of the presentation. • Teachers are provided with the quiz complete with answers on page 27.
27
Hepatitis C quiz | Teacher’s copy 1
Hepatitis C affects: • • • •
2
Name: 4
kidneys brain heart liver
Name three possible transmission risks for hepatitis C?
7
Universal precautions involve treating all blood like it may contain a blood borne virus. This means people should always be cautious around any activity involving blood. People should use appropriate precautions to avoid contact with blood, like covering up any cuts they have on their body, and using gloves and eyewear when they are in contact with blood.
• Sharing injecting drug equipment • Backyard tattoos and piercings • Sharing razors
How is hepatitis C transmitted? • • • •
blood to blood steam and sexual fluids saliva and mucus blood to blood stream urine
5
What is the name of the machine professional tattooist use to sterilise equipment? Autoclave machine
8 3
Is there a vaccine for hepatitis C? • Yes, there is a vaccine • No, there is no vaccine
What are universal precautions?
6
In Australia, how many new infections are amongst 15-19 year olds? • • • •
1 in 10 1 in 50 1 in 100 1 in 200
If you have engaged in any activity considered a transmission risk for hepatitis C, what should you do? Ask your GP to test you for hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C quiz 1
Hepatitis C affects: • • • •
2
4
kidneys brain heart liver
Name three possible transmission risks for hepatitis C?
7
What are universal precautions?
8
If you have engaged in any activity considered a transmission risk for hepatitis C, what should you do?
• • •
How is hepatitis C transmitted? • • • •
3
Name:
blood to bloodstream and sexual fluids saliva and mucus blood to bloodstream urine
Is there a vaccine for hepatitis C? • Yes, there is a vaccine • No, there is no vaccine
5
6
What is the name of the machine professional tattooist use to sterilise equipment?
In Australia, how many new infections are amongst 15-19 year olds? • • • •
1 in 10 1 in 50 1 in 100 1 in 200
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{ Contributors } HEPATITIS SA WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CLEAN MODS, SAFE BODS RESOURCE...
{ { {
KRIS FLEGG Prezi Training and Design
HANNAH Hannah’s Story
LOLA KAUKAS
{ {
JULIA LIOE Prezi Training and Design
{ {
TOM OPIE Sound Recorder
{
{ { ISABELLA NATALE { { ANDERS WOTZKE { { { TESS OPIE { { SHANNON WRIGHT { Hepatitis Victoria
Videographer of Hannah’s Story
Hepatitis SA
Hepatitis SA
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{ Contacts } Hepatitis SA
The Second Story Youth Health Service
(08) 8362 8443 3 Hackney Road HACKNEY 5069 www.hepatitissa.asn.au
(08) 8232 0233 57 Hyde Street ADELAIDE 5000
Hepatitis SA Helpline
Streetlink Youth Health Service
1300 HEP ABC (1300 137 222)
(08) 8202 5950 Level 1, 27 Gresham Street ADELAIDE 5000
Clinic 275 (testing) (08) 8222 5075 275 North Terrace ADELAIDE 5000
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{ References } Attorney-General’s Department (2013) ‘New tattooing, piercing and body modification laws’, Government of South Australia, Attorney-General’s Department. Viewed 27 May 2013 <http://www.agd.sa.gov.au/about-agd/what-we-do/initiatives/new-tattooing-piercing-and-body-modification-laws>
Commonwealth of Australia (2010). The Third National Hepatitis C Strategy 2010-2013, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Doherty, E. (2013) ‘Kids contracting Hep C in dodgy tattoo parlours as ink popularity booms’, Herald Sun, 9 April 2013. Viewed 27 May 2013 <http://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health-fitness/kids-contracting-hep-c-in-dodgy-tattoo-parlours-as-ink-popularity-booms/story-fneuzlbd-1226616209260>
Heller, S. (2013) ‘The Colorful, Subversive History of Women Getting Tattoos’, The Atlantic. Viewed 27 May 2013 < http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/04/the-colorful-subversive-history-of-women-getting-tattoos/274658/>
Hepatitis Australia (2013) ‘Transmission of Hep C’, Hepatitis Australia. Viewed 1 May 2013 < http://www.theatlantic.com/sexes/archive/2013/04/the-colorful-subversive-history-of-women-getting-tattoos/274658/>
Hepatitis New South Wales (2013) ‘How long does hep C live outside the body?’ Hepatitis NSW. Viewed May 1 2013 <http://www.hep.org.au/index.php?article=content/about-hep/faqs-about-hep-c#outside%20body>
Hepatitis South Australia (2013) ‘What is hepatitis C’, Hepatitis South Australia. Viewed 1 May 2013 < http://www.hepccouncilsa.asn.au/hepatitis-c>
Hepatitis Victoria (2013) ‘Transmission’, Hepatitis Victoria. Viewed 1 May 2013 <http://www.hepcvic.org.au/page/transmission>
Lavelle, P. (2011) ‘Think before you Ink’, Hep Review, No. 72. Pp. 42-45. The Kirby Institute (2012) HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections in Australia Annual Surveillance Report 2012, The Kirby Institute. The University of New South Wales, Sydney.
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SA Health has contributed funds to this program