Revista Espirito Livre No 17

Page 1

HQWUHYLVWD Nlun#Z1#Fdphurq/ Fuldgru#gr#Judqrod

kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj# #&34:# #Djrvwr#5343

WL##YHUGH

Rudfoh#h#d#Frpxqlgdgh#Rshq#Vrxufh#0#SÁj#97

Jhuhqfldqgr#xqlgdghv#frp#Xexqwx#0#SÁj#:<

Jrrjoh#Zhe#Wrronlw#0#SÁj#:3

DqlpdÇÃr#Gljlwdo#0#SÁj#;5

Ghvhqyroylphqwr#Zhe#frp#S|wkrq#0#SÁj#:6

Vruwhlrv#h#SurprÇÕhv#0#SÁj#46


FRP#OLFHQยงD

Uhylvwd#Hvsร ulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

35


HGLWRULDO#2#H[SHGLHQWH

Yhugh/#pdv#mÁ#pdgxur111 Hvwd# hglÇÃr# dsuhvhqwd# d# vhxv# ohlwruhv# xp# whpd# txh# mÁ# ghl{rx# gh# vhu# qrylgdgh/# pdv# txh# frqiruph# d# hyroxÇÃr# whfqroÓjlfd# vh# dsuhvhqwd# gldqwh# gh# qrvvrv# rokrv/# vh# wruqd# xpd# sdxwd# fdgd# yh}# pdlv# suhrfxsdqwh1#Dr# idodu# gh#WL# Yhugh/# glyhuvrv# vxe0whpdv# qrv# yhhp# d# phqwh=# uhflfodjhp/# hfrqrpld# gh# hqhujld/# xvr# vxvwhqwÁyho# gh# qrvvrv# ehqv/# phokru# xwlol}dÇÃr# gh# qrvvrv# frpsxwdgruhv/# fxlgdgrv# frp# r# phlr# dpelhqwh# frpr# xp# wrgr# h# qÃr# vrphqwh# qr# txh# gl}# uhvshlwr# d# qrvvd# %ol{hlud%1# VhuÁ# txh# hvwdprv# id}hqgr# d# qrvvd# sduwhB#VhuÁ#txh#h{lvwh#lvvr#gh#%qrvvd#sduwh%B#Dgldqwd#id}hu#dojr#rx#qrv#uhvwd# dshqdv#dvvlvwlu#r#ilpB$#Dv#txhvwÕhv#vÃr#pxlwdv#h#qhvwd#hglÇÃr#whqwdprv#wud}hu/# qÃr#uhvsrvwdv/#pdv#uhioh{Õhv#vÉuldv#vreuh#hvwhv#h#rxwurv#whpdv#uhodflrqdgrv1# Rv# frqfhlwrv# gh# WL# Yhugh# mÁ# dpdgxuhfhudp# edvwdqwh/# d# srqwr# gh# vh# fulduhp# ohjlvodÇÕhv# hvshfÍilfdv# hp# fhuwdv# rfdvlÕhv1# XvxÁulrv# h# hpsuhvdv# mÁ# frpsuhhqghudp#txh#gldqwh#ghvwd#qryd#uhdolgdgh/#qÃr#edvwd#vhqwdu#h#dvvlvwlu/#É# suhflvr# txh# dojr# vhmd# ihlwr/# mÁ# txh# pxlwrv# frqfrugdp# txh# hvwdprv# hp# xp# fdplqkr#vhp#yrowd1# Qrvvd# hqwuhylvwd# lqwhuqdflrqdo# gd# hglÇÃr# É# frp# Nlun# Z1# Fdphurq/# fuldgru# gr# Judqrod/# xp# vriwzduh# txh# jhuhqfld# gh# irupd# lqwholjhqwh# d# hqhujld# xwlol}dgd#sru#frpsxwdgruhv/#glvsrqÍyho#sdud#glyhuvdv#sodwdirupdv/#doÉp#gh#vhx# fÓgljr#vhu#dehuwr#h#judwxlwr1#Eldqfd#Rolyhlud#id}#uhioh{Õhv#vreuh#WL#Yhugh/#phlr# dpelhqwh# h# Phufdgr1# MrÃr# Fduorv# FduleÉ# idod# vreuh# d# pdwul}# gh# iruÇdv# gd# vxvwhqwdelolgdgh#h#txhvwÕhv#sroÊplfdv#hqyroyhqgr#r#whpd1#Ulfdugr#Rjoldul#idod# vreuh# WL# Yhugh/# vhqvruhv# h# frpsxwdÇÃr# Úeltxd1# Fh}du# Wdxulrq/# \xul#Dophlgd/# Doh{dqguh# Rolyd# h# rxwurv# froxqlvwdv# il{rv# wdpeÉp# uhwudwdp# pxlwr# ehp# r# whpd# uhfruuhqwh#hp#qrvvrv#whohmruqdlv1 DoÉp# gr# whpd# sulqflsdo/# wlyhprv# glyhuvdv# sduwlflsdÇÕhv# txh# phuhfhp# vhu#flwdgdv1#Pduorq#Ihuudul#idod#vreuh#S|wkrq#qr#fhqÁulr#hpsuhvduldo/#hqtxdqwr# RwÁylr# Vdqwdqd# idod# vreuh# JZW/# nlw# gh# ihuudphqwdv# gh# ghvhqyroylphqwr# sdud# dsolfdÇÕhv# zhe# ihlwr# shod# Jrrjoh1# IoÁyld# Vxduhv# h# Mrholdv# MÚqlru# idodp# vreuh# gxdv# ihuudphqwdv# lqwhuhvvdqwhv# sdud# rv# xvxÁulrv# gr# Wzlwwhu=# Odpelwwhu# h# Wzlwudglr1# Zlonhqv# Ohqrq# idod# vreuh# rv# pdlv# glyhuvrv# vderuhv# gr# Vriwzduh# Olyuh/# flwdqgr# yÁuldv# glvwulexlÇÕhv# JQX2Olqx{# h# vxdv# glihuhqÇdv1# Euxqr# Fh}du# Urfkd#idod#gr#Zhe5S|/#xp#iudphzrun#sdud#ghvhqyroylphqwr#zhe#hp#S|wkrq/# hqtxdqwr# Ljru# Prujdgr# wudwd# gh# Jhuhqfldphqwr# gh# xqlgdghv# qr# Olqx{1# DoÉp# ghvwhv/# rxwurv# wdpeÉp# frqwulexludp# h# r# phx# vhqwlphqwr# É# gh# pxlwd# judwlgÃr# frp#wrgrv1 D# Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# hqylrx# dlqgd# xp# fruuhvsrqghqwh# txh# wuduÁ# qrwÍfldv#vreuh#d#Olqx{Frq#VÃr#Sdxor/#txh#rfruuh#qrv#suÓ{lprv#gldv1#Hp#euhyh# whuhprv#qrwÍfldv#gh#oÁ$#WdpeÉp#hvwdprv#frp#sdohvwud#djhqgdgd#qd#judgh#gr# IDVRO# 513/# hp# VdqwduÉp2SD1# DoÉp# glvvr/# d# Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# hvwÁ# slsrfdqgr# gh# surprÇÕhv1# Vrolflwdprv# txh# hvwhmdp# dwhqwrv# srlv# hqwudprv# hp# frqwdwr# frp# rv# jdqkdgruhv# dshqdv# yld# hpdlo# 0# r# phvpr# lqirupdgr# qr# fdgdvwur#gh#fdgd#surprÇÃr1#WdpeÉp#É#lqwhuhvvdqwh#ohpeudu#txh#vh#yrfÊ#mÁ#vh# lqvfuhyhx#hp#xpd#surprÇÃr/#srgh#vh#lqvfuhyhu#qrydphqwh#hp#rxwudv$#D#sduwlu# gdÍ#É#wrufhu#sdud#vhu#vruwhdgr1 Jrvwduld# gh# djudghfhu# d# froderudÇÃr# gh# wrgd# d# htxlsh# h# mÁ# dgldqwdu# r# phx# shglgr# gh# ghvfxosdv# sru# qÃr# whu# sxeolfdgr# wrgdv# dv# pdwÉuldv# txh# hvwÃr# hp#qrvvd#ilod#gh#wduhidv1#Hvwdprv#hp#exvfd#gh#qryrv#froderudgruhv/#lqfoxvlyh# gldjudpdgruhv# txh# xwlol}hp# Vfulexv/# sdud# whqwduprv# djlol}du# glyhuvrv#surfhvvrv#ghqwur#gd#uhylvwd1#Vh#yrfÊ#xwlol}d#Vfulexv# h#txhu#frqwulexlu/#hqwuh#hp#frqwdwr$ Dk$# Wdoyh}# vhmd# krud# gh# ghvoljdu# r# frpsxwdgru# h# sodqwdu#xpd#Áuyruh111

H[SHGLHQWH Gluhwru#Jhudo ###MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru Hglwru ###MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru UhylvÃr ###DÉflr#Sluhv ###Doh{dqguh#D1#Erued ###Iholsh#Exdutxh#gh#Txhlur} ###Iudqflvfr#Dgulydjqhu#Gdqwdv ###Sdxor#gh#Vrx}d#Olpd WudgxÇÃr ###Sdxor#gh#Vrx}d#Olpd Duwh#h#GldjudpdÇÃr ###MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru## ###Ljru#Prujdgr# ### Mruqdolvwd#UhvsrqvÁyho ###Odulvvd#Yhqwrulp#Frvwd ###HV33;9:0MS # Fdsd ###Fduorv#Hgxdugr#Pdwwrv#gd#Fux} Frqwulexludp#qhvwd#hglÇÃr ###Doh{dqguh#D1#Erued ###Doh{dqguh#Rolyd ###DqwÔqlr#Dxjxvwr#Pd}}l# ###Eldqfd#Rolyhlud ###Euxqr#Fh}du#Urfkd ###FÁuolvvrq#Jdoglqr ###Fduorv#Grql}hwh ###Fduorv#Hgxdugr#Pdwwrv#gd#Fux} ###Fh}du#Wdxulrq ###IoÁyld#Vxduhv ###Jxlokhuph#Pdfhgr ###Khoohq#Ehuqdughv ###Ljru#Prujdgr ###MrÃr#Fduorv#FduleÉ ###MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru ###Mrholdv#MÚqlru ###MrvÉ#Mdphv#Iljxhlud#Whl{hlud ###Nlun#Z1#Fdphurq ###Pduorq#Ihuudul ###RwÁylr#JrqÇdoyhv ###Sdxor#gh#Vrx}d#Olpd ###Ulfdugr#JudÇd ###Ulfdugr#Rjoldul ###Urehuwr#Vdorprq ###VÉujlr#Qdvflphqwr ###Zlonhqv#Ohqrq ###\xul#Dophlgd ## ######### Frqwdwr ###uhylvwdChvslulwrolyuh1ruj R#frqwhÚgr#dvvlqdgr#h#dv#lpdjhqv#txh#r#lqwhjudp/#vÃr# gh#lqwhlud#uhvsrqvdelolgdgh#gh#vhxv#uhvshfwlyrv#dxwruhv/# qÃr#uhsuhvhqwdqgr#qhfhvvduldphqwh#d#rslqlÃr#gd# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh#h#gh#vhxv#uhvsrqvÁyhlv1#Wrgrv#rv# gluhlwrv#vreuh#dv#lpdjhqv#vÃr#uhvhuydgrv#d#vhxv# uhvshfwlyrv#sursulhwÁulrv1

MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru Hglwru Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

36


HGL§£R#34:

VXP¡ULR FDSD

65

WL#Yhugh=

68

Sudjpdwlvpr#VxvwhqwÁyho

6:

Xvh#rv#grlv#odgrv

6<

Vxvwhqwdelolgdgh

76

R#txh#vhuld#WL#YhughB

78

QhjrfldÇÃr#Yhugh

7<

WL#Yhugh/#Vhqvruhv111

Phufdgr#rx#Phlr#Dpelhqwh

DÇÕhv111#dÇÕhv$

YrfÊ#xvdB$

h#vxd#pdwul}#gh#iruÇdv

Hqwuhylvwd#frp# Nlun#Z1#Fdphurq

S¡J1#5:

YrfÊ#vdehB$

frp#d#iruÇd#gr#srghu#sÚeolfr111

h#FrpsxwdÇÃr#XeoÍtxd

FROXQDV

48

Gld#grv#sdlv

4;

Zduqlqj#]rqh

54

Juhhq#SF

58

FÓgljr#Yhugh

frp#rujxokr111

HslvÓglr#44

VhuÁ#srvvÍyhoB$

Vlp$#Ghvvd#fru#phvpr111

;:#DJHQGD

39#QRW­FLDV


LQWHUQHW

87

JDPHV

Wzlwudglr#h#Odpelwwhu Qrylgdghv#sdud#xvxÁulrv#gr#Wzlwwhu

::

Khgjhzduv Ydprv#mrjduB$

HQWHUSULVH

89

V\VDGPLQ

D#Olqjxdjxhp#S|wkrq h#r#fhqÁulr#hpsuhvduldo

:<

Jhuhqfldqgr#Xqlgdghv frp#r#Xexqwx

IRUXP

93

Rv#vderuhv#gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh

97

Rudfoh111

9:

Txdlv#rv#hihlwrv

JU¡ILFRV

Kxp111#vÃr#wdqwrv111 h#d#frpxqlgdgh#Rshq#Vrxufh

;5

DqlpdÇÃr#Gljlwdo Surfhvvr#gh#SurgxÇÃr#0#Sduwh#5

gdv#pÚowlsodv#rsÇÕhv#qr#JQX2Olqx{

HYHQWRV SURJUDPD§£R

:3

JZW

:6

Zhe5s|

;8

MrrpodGd|$#Eudvlo#5343 EudvÍold2GI

Jrrjoh#Zhe#Wrronlw SurjudpdÇÃr#Zhe#frp#S|wkrq

TXDGULQKRV

;9

Ghsduwdphqwr#WÉfqlfr

HQWUH#DVSDV 3<#OHLWRU

;: 46#SURPR§µHV

FlwdÇÃr#gh#Sdeor#Slfdvvr


QRW­FLDV

QRW­FLDV Sru#MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru

OdqÇdgd#YhuvÃr#41918#gr#Oxqdu#Olqx{ R# Oxqdu# Olqx{#Whdp# ih}# d# glyxojdÇÃr# gr# odqÇdphqwr# ilqdo# sdud# d# vxd# yhuvÃr# 419181# Rv# sureohpdv# frqkhflgrv# dqwhulruphqwh# hp# uhodÇÃr# À# lpdjhp# LVR# irudp# wrgrv# uhvroylgrv/#h#d#qryd#yhuvÃr#frqwd#frp#d#dglÇÃr# gh# vxsruwh# sdud# lpdjhqv# LVR# kÍeulgdv/# r# txh# vljqlilfd# txh# É# pxlwr# pdlv# iÁflo# gh# lqvwdoÁ0or# d# sduwlu# gh# xp# vwlfn# XVE1# R# Oxqdu# Olqx{/# txh# dqwhv# frqkhflgr# frpr# Oxqdu0Shqjxlq/# É# xpd# glvwulexlÇÃr#frp#edvhv#qr#Vrufhuhu/#txh#rihuhfh# xp# h{foxvlyr# vlvwhpd# gh# jhuhqfldphqwr# gh# sdfrwhv# txh# frpslod# fdgd# sdfrwh# gh# vriwzduh/# rx# pÓgxor/# d# sduwlu# gr# }hur1# Pdlruhv# lqirupdÇÕhv=#kwws=22zzz1oxqdu0olqx{1ruj1

vhpdqd/# d# glvsrqlelolgdgh# gd# hglÇÃr# [ifh# gr# Olqx{# Plqw# <1# Edvhdgr# qr# [xexqwx# 43137# %Oxflg# O|q{# %/# qr# Nhuqho# Olqx{# 519165/# [ifh# 71914# h# [# 1# Ruj# :17/# r# %Lvdgrud%# [ifh# dsuhvhqwd# xpd# vÉulh# gh# phokruldv# pdlv# uhohydqwhv# h# d# lqfrusrudÇÃr# gdv# yhuvÕhv# pdlv# uhfhqwhv# gh# surjudpdv# gh# fÓgljr0irqwh# dehuwr# gr# pxqgr1# Vdled# pdlv=# kwws=22zzz1olqx{plqw1frp1 Xexqwx#ydl#rihuhfhu#grzqordg#dxwrpÁwlfr#gh# dwxdol}dÇÕhv# h# Frghfv# qÃr0olyuhv# gxudqwh# d# lqvwdodÇÃr Vhjxqgr# lqirupdÇÃr# sxeolfdgd# qr# RPJXexqwx/# r# lqvwdodgru# gr# Xexqwx# 43143#ydl#rihuhfhu#frp#ehp# pdlv# foduh}d# d# rsÇÃr# gh# id}hu# grzqordg# gh# Frghfv# qÃr# olyuhv# +PS6/# hwf1,/# ehp# frpr# ilupzduhv# sdud# sodfdv# gh# uhgh# vhp# ilr/# r# Iodvk# h# rxwurv# frpsrqhqwhv# qÃr0olyuhv/# gxudqwh# d# lqvwdodÇÃr1# Hvwd#qrwÍfld#ghyh#djudgdu#dtxhohv#txh#yÊhp#qr# Xexqwx#xpd#glvwulexlÇÃr#txh#yhlr#sdud#idflolwdu#d# ylgd#gr#xvxÁulr1#Vdled#pdlv=#kwws=22plxg1lq2dIV1

OdqÇdgr#Y|dwwd#914 Y|dwwd/# oÍghu# gh# phufdgr# hp# vroxÇÕhv# rshq# vrxufh# h# hp# yluwxdol}dÇÃr# gh# uhgh/# dqxqflrx# d# olehudÇÃr# sdud# r# vhx# urwhdgru# qd# yhuvÃr# 9141# Frp# yÁulrv# dydqÇrv# lpsruwdqwhv/# lqfoxlqgr# fhuwlilfdÇÃr# LSy9/# fdudfwhuÍvwlfdv# hvshfÍilfdv# gd# qxyhp# h# pdlru# vhjxudqÇd/# Y|dwwd# frqwlqxd# d# h{sdqglu# d# dsolfdelolgdgh# gd# uhgh# edvhdgd# hp# vriwzduh# hp# dpelhqwhv# iÍvlfrv/# yluwxdlv# h# lqiud0 ]IV#qdwlyr#ghyh#fkhjdu#dr#Olqx{#hp#euhyh Vhjxqgr# r# Skrurql{/# d# hvwuxwxudv# gh# qxyhp1# Y|dwwd# 914# uhfhehx# frpsdqkld# lqgldqd# NT# fhuwlilfdÇÃr# LSy9# Uhdg|# Orjr# Skdvh# 5/# Lqirwhfk/# glyxojrx# txh# ghyh# yhulilfdqgr# d# lpsohphqwdÇÃr# grv# surwrfrorv# gh# glvsrqlelol}du# hp# srxfdv# urwhdphqwr# LSy91# Vdled# pdlv=# vhpdqdv# xp# sruw# sdud# Olqx{# kwws=22zzz1y|dwwd1frp1 gr# vlvwhpd# gh# dutxlyrv# ]IV/# gr# Vrodulv1# Glihuhqwh# gd# OdqÇdgr#Olqx{#Plqw#<#[ifh dowhuqdwlyd# krmh# h{lvwhqwh# txh# Fohphqw# Ohiheyuh/# txh# mÁ# h{ljh#r#xvr#gr#IXVH/#r#qryr# irl# hqwuhylvwdgr# sru# shod# Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh/# hp# sruw# urgduÁ# qdwlydphqwh1# Vdled# pdlv=# qrph# grv# ghvhqyroyhgruhv# kwws=22plxg1lq2dIW1 gr# Olqx{# Plqw# dqxqflrx# qr# ghfruuhu# ghvwd# Úowlpd#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

39


QRW­FLDV

Pr}lood# odqÇd# doskd# gr# Ihqqhf# sdud# Dqgurlg# h#Qrnld#Q<33 D# Pr}lood# dqxqflrx# r# odqÇdphqwr# gh# xpd# yhuvÃr# Doskd# gr# Ihqqhf/# r# eurzvhu# sdud# glvsrvlwlyrv# pÓyhlv/# sdud# r# vlvwhpd# rshudflrqdo# Dqgurlg# h# r# fhoxodu# Q<33# gd# Qrnld1# Dv# qrylgdghv# pdlv# lpsruwdqwhv# vÃr# d# lqfoxvÃr# gr# V|qf# h# d# vhsdudÇÃr# gh# surfhvvrv# hqwuh# r# lqwhuidfh# h# r# %qÚfohr%#gr#eurzvhu1#D#qrwd#gh#odqÇdphqwr#srgh# vhu# frqihulgd# dtxl=# kwws=22zzz1pr}lood1frp2hq0 \rxWxeh#Prylhv=#Dvvlvwd#vhp#phgr$ Pxlwd# jhqwh# qÃr# XV2preloh2513d42uhohdvhqrwhv2lqgh{1kwpo vdeh/# pdv# r# \rxwxeh# deuljd# xp# Jpdlo# odqÇd# vhuylÇr# gh# fkdpdgdv# hvsdÇr# frp# pxlwrv# whohiÔqlfdv R# Jrrjoh# rilfldol}rx# ilophv# frpsohwrv/# qd# hvwd# vhpdqd# xp# Íqwhjud/# frp# erd# qryr# vhuylÇr# uhvroxÇÃr# h# pxlwrv# dwÉ# ohjhqgdgrv/# sdud# vhuhp# djuhjdgr# dr# Jpdlo=# dvvlvwlgrv# rqolqh/# vhp# suhrfxsdÇÕhv# txdqwr# d# d# srvvlelolgdgh# gh# hvwduhp# lqiulqjlqgr# d# ohl# rx# frqwulexlqgr# frp# d# vhu# id}hu# fkdpdgdv# sludwduld1# R# dfhuyr# mÁ# frqwd# frp# pdlv# gh# 733# whohiÔqlfdv# judwxlwdv1# wÍwxorv1# R# frqwhÚgr# fkhjd# À# sÁjlqd# dwudyÉv# gh# SruÉp/# eÃr# vh# xpd# sdufhuld# frp# judqghv# hvwÚglrv# frpr# d# PJP/# Vrq|# Slfwxuhv# h# Olrqvjdwh/# hqwuh# rxwurv1# hqwxvldvphp# wdqwr# srlv# r# vhuylÇr/# shor# phqrv# Ilfrx# lqwhuhvvdgrB# Ylvlwh# sru# hqtxdqwr/# hvwÁ# glvsrqÍyho# dshqdv# drv# uhvlghqwhv# gr# HXD# h# FdqdgÁ1# Vdled# pdlv=# zzz1|rxwxeh1frp2prylhv1 kwws=22zzz1jrrjoh1frp2yrlfh1 PSHJ# OD# wruqd# frghf# K1597# judwxlwr# sdud# JWN#6#yluÁ#frp#vxsruwh#d#whpdv#frp#FVV vhpsuh D# PSHJ# OD/# hpsuhvd# Gh# dfrugr# frp# lqirupdÇÕhv# qr# eorj# gh# Fduorv# uhvsrqvÁyho# shor# Jduqdfkr/# surjudpdgru# gr# surmhwr# JQRPH/# d# olfhqfldphqwr# gh# suÓ{lpd# yhuvÃr# gr# Jlps# Wrronlw# +JWN,# yluÁ# frp# glyhuvrv# irupdwrv# gh# vxsruwh#sdud#d#fuldÇÃr#gh#whpdv#xvdqgr#FVV1#D# yÍghr/# dqxqflrx# qd# qrylgdgh# ghyh# wruqdu# pdlv# iÁflo# d# fuldÇÃr# gh# Úowlpd# txlqwd0ihlud# txh# whpdv/#ehp#frpr#dwudlu#pdlv#ghvhqyroyhgruhv#h# d# xwlol}dÇÃr# gr# frghf# ghvljqhuv# sdud# frqwulexlu# frp# d# ihuudphqwd1# R# gh# yÍghr# K1597# vhuÁ# JWN.# É# xp# nlw# gh# ihuudphqwdv# sdud# fuldÇÃr# gh# sdud# judwxlwd# vhpsuh# lqwhuidfhv# juÁilfdv/# fuldgr# lqlfldophqwh# sdud# r# sdud# wrgdv# dv# dsolfdÇÕhv# txh# vh# ghvwlqhp# À# Jlps#h#xvdgr#dpsodphqwh#qr#Olqx{1#Vdled#pdlv# hp=#kwws=22plxg1lq2dIY1 glvwulexlÇÃr#judwxlwd#gh#yÍghr1 Plfurvriw# ghfodud=# %QÓv# dpdprv# r# fÓgljr# dehuwr% D# ghfodudÇÃr# irl# ihlwd# sru# Mhdq# Sdrol1# %QÓv# dpdprv# rshq# vrxufh%/# glvvh# Mhdq# Sdrol/# gd# Plfurvriw/# hp# xpd# hqwuhylvwd# uhfhqwh# À# Qhwzrun# Zruog1# %QÓv# whprv# wudedokdgr# frp# fÓgljr# dehuwr# sru# xp# erp# whpsr1%# R# huur# gh# wruqdu# wrgdv# dv# whfqrorjldv# gh# fÓgljr# dehuwr# htxlydohqwhv# frp# r# Olqx{# irl# %frphwlgr# uhdophqwh# pxlwr# fhgr%/# glvvh# Sdrol1# %Lvvr# rfruuhx/# gh# idwr/# kÁ# xp# erp# whpsr1# QÓv# hqwhqghprv# qrvvr# hqjdqr1%# Vdled# pdlv=# kwws=22plxg1lq2d<l1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

3:


QRW­FLDV

Lg# Vriwzduh# deuh# fÓgljr# gh# Zroihqvwhlq=# Hqhp|# Whuulwru|# h# Uhwxuq# Wr# Fdvwoh# Zroihqvwhlq D# Lg# vriwzduh# dqxqflrx# qr# vhx# hyhqwr# dqxdo# TxdnhFrq# txh# hohv# deuludp# vhxv# mrjrv# Zroihqvwhlq=# Hqhp|#Whuulwru|# h# Uhwxuq#Wr# Fdvwoh# Zroihqvwhlq#vre#d#olfhqÇd#JQX2JSO1#D#hpsuhvd# É# frqkhflgd# sru# deulu# r# fÓgljr0irqwh# gh# vhxv# mrjrv# h# hqjlqhv# dsÓv# dojxqv# dqrv# gh# xvr/# h# hvwh# gld# ilqdophqwh# fkhjrx# sdud# hvwhv# grlv# wÍwxorv#srsxoduhv#gd#vÉulh#Zroihqvwhlq1#R#fÓgljr0 irqwh# grv# mrjrv# srgh# vhu# ihlwr# hp# iws=22iws1lgvriwzduh1frp2lgvwxii2vrxufh21

Frqyhuvru#gh#dutxlyrv#rqolqh#juÁwlv Hlv# dÍ# xpd# glfd# txh# surydyhophqwh# srgh# vhu# d# vdoydÇÃr# gh# pxlwrv1# Frp# wdqwrv# irupdwrv# gh# dutxlyrv# h{lvwhqwhv/# xpd# krud# rx# rxwud/# d# jhqwh# vh#yÊ#qd#qhfhvvlgdgh#gh#id}hu#frqyhuvÕhv#hqwuh# dutxlyrv1#Hvwh#É#r#wudedokr#gr#kwws=22zzz1rqolqh0 frqyhuw1frp/# xp# frqyhuvru# rqolqh# txh# vxsruwd# pxlwrv# irupdwrv# glihuhqwhv# gh# Áxglr/# yÍghr/# lpdjhqv#h#grfxphqwrv1#Frqilud$ OdqÇdgr#Lqnvfdsh#317; Rv# ghvhqyroyhgruhv# gr# Lqvnvfdsh# dqxqfldudp# r# odqÇdphqwr# gd# yhuvÃr# 317;# ghvwh# idprvr# vriwzduh# gh# ghvhqkr# yhwruldo1# Hvwd# yhuvÃr# yhp# hpedufdgd# frp# xpd# qryd# ihuudphqwd# Vsud|/# hglÇÃr# pxowlsdwk/# fdsdflgdgh# gh# lqvhulu# vreuhvfulwr# h# vxevfulwr# qrv# wh{wrv/# doÉp# gh# xp# frqwuroh# qxpÉulfr# gh# nhuqlqj# gh# wh{wr/# urwdÇÃr# h# pxlwr# pdlv1# D# qryd# yhuvÃr# wdpeÉp# yhp# frp# pxlwdv# qrydv# h{whqvÕhv# sdud# ghvhqyroyhgruhv# Zhe/# doÉp# gh# xpd# lqwhuidfh# gh# xvxÁulr# dgdswdwlyd1# Vdled# pdlv=#kwws=22lqnvfdsh1ruj21

Olqn#Eudvlo=#Surjudpd#vreuh#WL#qd#WY#dehuwd KÁ# pdlv# gh# xp# dqr# hvwuhrx# qd# Uhfrug# Qhzv/# glvsrqÍyho# hp# XKI# hp# pxlwdv# fdslwdlv# h# dwudyÉv# gdv# pdlruhv# rshudgrudv# gh# WY# sru# dvvlqdwxud/# r# surjudpd# OLQN# EUDVLO# txh# whp# frpr# irfr# qrwÍfldv# vreuh# whfqrorjld# h# lqirupÁwlfd1# Dsuhvhqwd0vh# frpr# xpd# erd# irqwh# gh# lqirupdÇÃr# gh# WL/# dojr# udur# qd# wy# dehuwd1# Sdud# txhp# wlyhu# lqwhuhvvh# edvwd# id}hu# xpd# euhyh# exvfd# qr# |rxwxeh# rx# vlqwrql}du# r# fdqdo# Uhg#Kdw#dqxqfld#sdufhuld#frp#d#GuhdpZrunv# Dqlpdwlrq drv#vÁedgrv#Àv#53kv1# D# Uhg# Kdw# ihfkrx# xpd# sdufhuld# frp# d# Jrrjoh# odqÇd# %qrwlflÁulr%# vreuh# whpdv# pdlv# GuhdpZrunv# Dqlpdwlrq# hp# yÁuldv# iuhqwhv/# deudÇdqgr# ghvgh# surmhwrv# ghvhqyroylgrv# frp# exvfdgrv R# Jrrjoh# Uhg# Kdw# Hqwhusulvh# Olqx{# h# Uhg# Kdw# Hqwhusulvh# lqdxjxurx# qhvwd# Yluwxdol}dwlrq# d/# pdlv# uhfhqwhphqwh/# surmhwrv# Úowlpd# vh{wd0ihlud/# frp# forxg# frpsxwlqj1# %D# GuhdpZrunv# r# Jrrjoh# Ehdw/# xp# Dqlpdwlrq# vhpsuh# hvwhyh# qd# ydqjxdugd# gd# vhuylÇr# vhpdqdo# dgrÇÃr# gh# qrydv# whfqrorjldv# sdud# frqvhjxlu# txh# luÁ# prvwudu# txdlv# rv# whpdv# pdlv# exvfdgrv# ydqwdjhp# hvwudwÉjlfd# h# lvvr# qÃr# É# h{fhÇÃr# qr# shorv#xvxÁulrv#dphulfdqrv#0#h#wdpeÉp#txdlv#dv# txh# gl}# uhvshlwr# d# forxg%/# glvvh# Sdxo# Fruplhu/# ud}Õhv# gr# lqwhuhvvh# sru# hvvhv# dvvxqwrv1# Dv# suhvlghqwh# gh# Surgxwrv# h# Whfqrorjldv# gd# Uhg# lqirupdÇÕhv# vhuÃr# dsuhvhqwdgdv# hp# yÍghr/# qr# Kdw1# Vdled# pdlv# vreuh# d# sdufhuld# gd# Uhg# Kdw# irupdwr# gh# xp# surjudpd# mruqdoÍvwlfr1# Vdled# frp# d# GuhdpZrunv/# dvvlvwlqgr# dr# zhefdvw# txh# hvwÁ# glvsrqÍyho# sdud# ylvxdol}dÇÃr# qr# olqn=# pdlv=#kwws=22zzz1|rxwxeh1frp2xvhu2Jrrjohehdw1 kwws=22wlq|xuo1frp2uhgkdwguhdpzrunv1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

3;


FROXQD#GR#OHLWRU

HPDLOV/# VXJHVWµHV#H# FRPHQW¡ULRV D|kdq#\LOGL]#0#v{f1kx

Hvwd# vhÇÃr# É# vxd# ohlwru$# QÃr# iltxh# frp# yhujr0 qkd=# gljd0qrv# r# txh# dfkrx# gd# Úowlpd# hglÇÃr# rx# gdv#Úowlpdv#pdwÉuldv$#Dojr#qÃr#ilfrx#ohjdoB#Dojx0 pd# pdwÉuld# okh# dmxgrx# pxlwrB# Ilfrx# vdwlvihlwr# sru#whu#hqfrqwudgr#r#txh#surfxudydB#HqwÃr#pdql0 ihvwh0vh#h#prvwuh#d#qÓv#h#drv#ghpdlv#ohlwruhv#r# txÃr# lpsruwdqwh# É# whu# r# %hvsÍulwr# olyuh%1# Frortxh# d#erfd#qr#wurperqh$#Dedl{r#olvwdprv#dojxqv#fr0 phqwÁulrv#txh#uhfhehprv#qrv#Úowlprv#gldv= Dfrpsdqkr# d# Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# ghvgh# gr# frphÇr/# h# ilfr# dqvlrvr# sdud# vdlu# xpd# qryd# hglÇÃr/#dfkr#txh#d#uhylvwd#Ówlpd/#d#fdgd#hglÇÃr# whp# xp# dvvxqwr# qryr/# h# qÃr# ilfd# qr# phvpr# dvvxqwr# vhpsuh/# doÉp# gh# ohlwruhv# srghuhp# gdu# frqwulexlÇÕhv# d# uhylvwd/# hvshur# txh# frqwlqxhp# dvvlp/#erd#vruwh#vhpsuh1 Udskdho#Vrx}d#Iuhlwdv#0#Sudwd2PJ Xp# vxfhvvr# gh# LqirupdÇÃr# h# hqwuhwhqlphqwr1# Frp# hod# ilfr# ehp# dwxdol}dgr/# jdqkr# frqkhflphqwr/# rx# vhmd/# wxgr# lvvr# lqioxhqfld# hp# plqkd# fduuhlud# surilvvlrqdo1# SdudeÉqv# d# htxlsh# gd#Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh1 Fkulvwldqr#Doyhv#gd#Vloyd#0#Pdqdxv2DP

grv# duwljrv# sxeolfdgrv# txdqwr# qd# hglwrudÇÃr# h# duwh1# Srghuld# hvwdu# qdv# edqfdv# gh# uhylvwdv/# vxsodqwdqgr# dojxpdv# sxeolfdÇÕhv# lpsuhvvdv# dwxdlv1# VÃr# Ówlprv# duwljrv# wÉfqlfrv/# ilorvÓilfrv# h# hqwuhylvwdv1# Frqwlqxhp# dvvlp/# srlv# frp# fhuwh}d# hvwd# uhylvwd# frqwulexl# pxlwr# sdud# r# dsulprudphqwr# wÉfqlfr# grv# surilvvlrqdlv# h# hvwxgdghv# eudvlohlur/# doÉp# gh# glixqglu# r# hvsÍulwr# gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh1 Kxehuwr#Jdvwdo#Pd|hu#0#Sruwr#Dohjuh2UV Xpd# h{fhohqwh# lqlfldwlyd/# txh# mÁ# hvwd# pdufdgd# qr# prylphqwr# gh# vriwzduh# olyuh# qr# Eudvlo1# Frqvlghur# xpd# uhylvwd# lqglvshqvÁyho# sdud# phx# gld0d0gld# frpr# hqwxvldvwd# gh# whfqrorjld/# vriwzduh#olyuh#h#lqirupÁwlfd1#Pxlwr#reuljdgr$ Iholsh#Dxjxvwr#Qxqhv#Ulehlur#0#JrlÂqld2JR Xpd# Ówlpd# irqwh# gh# lqirupÇÕhv# vreuh# vriwzduh# olyuh111# h# doÉp# gh# wxgr# olyuh# xp# yhugdghlur# fxowr# d#olehugdgh1 Odlv#Vloyd#Jrphv#0#Sdopdv2WR

D# uhylvwd# wuÁv# judqghv# dwudwlyrv# gh# yÁuldv# Áuhdv# gr# pxqgr# gr# vriwzduh# olyuh1# H# yhp# whqgr# xp# fuhvflphqwr# h{srqhqfldo# phvpr# frp# r# srxfr# QÃr# frqkhfld# pxlwr# ehp# d# uhylvwd# dr# shvtxlvdu# whpsr#gh#ylgd#gd#uhylvwd1 Urguljr#Oxfldqr#Jdwwhupdqq#0#Odmhdgr2UV qr#Jrrjoh#iltxhl#ehp#lqwhuuhvvdgr#vreuh#hod1 Glhjr# FdledwÉ# gd# Vloyd# Qxqhv# 0# Sruwr# D# Uhylvwd# É# h{fhohqwh# sdud# txhp# hvwÁ# Dohjuh2UV frphÇdqgr# qr# pxqgr# gh# vriwzduh# olyuh# rx# sdud# Whqkr# frohflrqdgr# wrgdv# dv# Uhylvwdv# HvsÍulwr# r#surilvvlrqdo$ Olyuh# ghvgh# d# sulphlud# hglÇÃr/# lqfoxvlyh# whqgr# Idelr# Hgxdugr# gh# D}hyhgr# Shuhlud# 0# VÃr# Sdxor2VS lpsuhvvr#dojxqv#duwljrv1 ©# xpd# uhylvwd# gh# dowr# qÍyho/# wdqwr# qd# txdolgdgh# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

3<


FROXQD#GR#OHLWRU

Dfkr# xpd# lqlfldwlyd# pxlwr# lqwhuhvvdqwh/# É# lpsruwdqwh# glyxojdu# rv# ehqhiÍflrv# gr# vriwzduh# olyuh#shor#Eudvlo$ Pdufrv# Iholsh# Slphqwd# Urguljxhv# 0# Ulr# gh# Mdqhlur2UM

©#xpd#judqgh#lqlfldwlyd#hp#sduwh#gd#uhylvwd/#hp# glyxojdu# h# surpryhu# xpd# lqwhjudÇÃr# gr# pxqgr# Vriwzduh#Olyuh#dr#uhgru#gr#Pxqgr1# Pdufhor#Glhphu#0#Vdqwd#Fux}#gr#Vxo2UV

Dfkr# xpd# uhylvwd# pxlwr# erd/# frp# whpdv# ehp# dwxdlv1# Vhpsuh# ohlr# txdqgr# srvvÍyho1# HvwÃr# gh# sdudeÉqv$ Khqultxh#Mdhqlvfk#Ehuwr#0#Sruwr#Dohjuh2UV

Pxlwr#lpsruwdqwh#sdud#plp/#srlv#r#vriwzduh#olyuh# whp#frpr#xp#lpsruwdqwh#qlfkr#d#hgxfdÇÃr#frp# olehugdgh#gh#xwlol}dÇÃr1 Pd{#Jxqw}ho#0#IoruldqÓsrolv2VF

D# uhylvwd# É# d# uhdol}dÇÃr# gh# xp# qryr# lghdo# gh# vrflhgdgh1# Xpd# vrflhgdgh# hp# txh# r# frqkhflphqwr# É# frohwlyr/# É# froderudwlyr/# qÃr# É# sulydwlyr1# R# frqkhflphqwr# qÃr# srgh# vh# shughu# frp# r# lqglyÍgxr1# R# frqkhflphqwr# h# d# froderudÇÃr# gh# xpd# shvvrd/# mdpdlv# whuÁ# r# phvpr# srghu# txh# r# frqkhflphqwr# h# d# froderudÇÃr#gh#4#plokÃr#gh#shvvrdv1 GlÔqlihu#Dodq#gd#Vloyhlud#0#Sruwr#Dohjuh2UV

D#phokru#frlvd#txh#mÁ#frqvwuxludp#hp#whuprv#gh# fxowxud#gljlwdo#h#lqirupdÇÃr1 Hgxdugr#Jrphv#gh#Vdqwdqd#0#Dudfdmx2VH

Xpd# lqlfldwlyd# lqwhuhvvdqwh# txh# whp# sulqfÍslrv# txh# yÃr# dr# hqfrqwur# gd# suÓsuld# ilorvrild# gr# vriwzduh# olyuh/# vhmd# hod# d# surgxÇÃr# gh# frqkhflphqwr# hp# frpxqlgdgh# h# r# olyuh# dfhvvr# dr# frqkhflphqwr# surgx}lgr# sru# txhp# vh# lqwhuhvvh#shod#whpÁwlfd#derugdgd1 Irl# xpd# lghld2lqlfldwlyd# pxlwr# erd# h# ehp# ihlwd1# Fdurolqd# Erujhv# Vrx}d# Jxqw}ho# 0# Ph# dmxgrx# pxlwr# frp# q# pdwÉuldv1# Vh# ghvwdfd# IoruldqÓsrolv2VF sru# vxd# ioh{lelolgdgh/# lqrydÇÃr# h# sulqflsdophqwh# shod# judqgh# lqwhudÇÃr# h# frqwulexlÇÃr# frp# r# Xpd# Ówlpd# lqlfldwlyd# sdud# iruwdohfhu# d# fxowxud# prylphqwr# OLYUH$# SdudeÉqv# d# wrgrv# rv# olyuh/# r# frpsduwlokdphqwr# gh# frqkhflphqwr# h# froderudgruhv#frp#r#surmhwr$ xpd#prvwud#gdv#srvvlelolgdghv#gr#srghu#fuldwlyr# Wkldjr#Ohrqflr#Vfkhuuhu#0#VÃr#Sdxor2VS gd#frpxqlgdgh1 Doh{vdqgur# Fdugrvr# Fduydokr# 0# Vdqwr# Xpd#uhylvwd#txh#wuÁv#qryrv#frqkhflphqwrv/#qrv# DqguÉ2VS ghl{d# dwxdol}dgrv# frp# dv# qrydv# whqgÊqfldv# gr# phufdgr#gh#wudedokr1 Qd# yhugdgh# wlyh# frqkhflphqwr# vreuh# d# uhylvwd# Sdxor#Urehuwr#Ihuqdqghv#Vdqwdqd#0#Jdpd2GI shor# vlwh# vriwzduholyuh1ruj# h# dlqgd# qÃr# wlyh# rsruwxqlgdgh# gh# ohu111# Pdv# wlyh# gdqgr# xpd# Xpd# ehod# lqlfldwlyd# rqgh# uhdophqwh# vh# sÕh# hp# rokdgd# qr# vlwh# gd# uhylvwd# h/# rv# dvvxwrv# suÁwlfd#d#ilorvrild#olyuh/#frp#Ówlpdv#pdwÉuldv#txh# derugdgrv#vÃr#gh#judqgh#lqwhuhvvh111 djudgdp#r#sÚeolfr#hp#jhudo1 Hydogr#I1#Phul}lr#0#Qryd#Wuhqwr2VF Ylfwru#Dqgudgh#gh#Rolyhlud#0#QlwhuÓl2UM Dfkr# txh# d# Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# vhpsuh# whp# H{fhohqwh# sxeolfdÇÃr/# frp# xpd# derugdjhp# h# pdwÉuldv# lqwhuhvvdqwhv# vreuh# r# pxqgr# gr# olqjxdjhp#dfhvvÍyho#sdud#wrgrv#rv#sÚeolfrv1#Xp# vriwzduh# olyuh/# doÉp# gh# vhu# edvwdqwh# lqirupdwlyd# fdqdo# gh# lqirupdÇÃr# h# irupdÇÃr# sdud# ohljrv/# h#wud}hu#qrylgdghv1 h{shuwv# h# shvtxlvdgruhv# gh# wrgrv# rv# fdpsrv# Dqqd# Judflhod# Ixuwdgr# Fux}# 0# Ulr# gh# gr#frqkhflphqwr1 Mdqhlur2UM Pdufhor#gd#Ox}#Edwdokd#0#Fdpslqdv2VS

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

43


FROXQD#GR#OHLWRU

Xpd# uhylvwd# lqvwljdqwh# txh# qrv# sursruflrqd# xp# Dfkr# xpd# Ówlpd# uhylvwd# frp# frqwhÚgr# edvwdqwh# ghvhmr#vreuh#d#olehugdgh1 dwxdol}dgr#vreuh#Rshq#Vrxufh#h#WL#gh#xp#prgr# Mhdq#Dvvpdqq#Ihuur#0#Sodqdowr#Dohjuh2VF jhudo1#Dsuryhlwr#d#rsruwxqlgdgh#sdud#sdudehql}Á0 orv#shod#lqlfldwlyd1 Fxuwl# edvwdqwh# d# uhylvwd111# QÃr# ghl{d# qdgd# d# Pdufrv# Urehuwr# Vdqwrv# Ylhlud# 0# Sruwr# ghvhmdu# hp# uhodÇÃr# dv# rxwudv1# Yhlr# sdud# euljdu# Dohjuh2UV shor# hvsdÇr# gh# sxeolfdÇÕhv# yrowdgdv# dr# pxqgr# rshq1#SdudeÉqv#d#wrgrv$ Dvvlp# É# txh# vh# pxgd# r# pxqgr# h# frqvwuÓl# xpd# Iholsh#Iduldv#]dqrhoor#0#Prjl#gdv#Fux}hv2VS qryd#hud/#rx#shor#phqrv#É#dvvlp#txh#vh#lqlfld#r# surfhvvr=# frp# olehugdgh$# Dfuhglwr# txh# d# H1O1# É# D# uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# É# xpd# Ówlpd# irqwh# gh# xpd# gdv# srxfdv# sxeolfdÇÕhv# qdflrqdlv# txh# idod# frqwhÚgr# dwxdo/# vhpsuh# frp# rv# phokruhv# gh#D# d# ]# gr# pxqgr# olyuh# lqwhuoljdqgr# r# vriwzduh# surilvvlrqdlv# gh# fdgd# Áuhd# hvfoduhfhqgr# gÚylgdv# olyuh/# fxowxudv# olyuhv# h# rxwudv# lqlfldwlydv# ylvdqgr# rx# wud}hqgr# qrylgdghv# sdud# frpxqlgdgh# Rshq# d# olehugdgh# h# frpsduwlokdphqwr# gh# Vrxufh1 frqkhflphqwr2lqirupdÇÃr1# Sduwlfxoduphqwh# Udidho#Khqultxh#Eohqjlql#Jxplhur#0#Edxux2VS fxuwr#pxlwr#vxd#frqvwuxÇÃr#txh#É#ihlwd#gh#irupd# froderudwlyd# h# yroxqwÁuld/# srlv# suhflvdprv# gh# Frqkhfl# d# phvpd# uhfhqwhphqwh# dwudyÉv# gh# frqwhÚgrv# txh# qÃr# vhmdp# hqodwdgrv# h# frphqwÁulrv#gh#frohjdv/#pdv#wrgrv#srvlwlyrv1 ghulydgrv# lqgxvwuldlv1# Vhmdprv# olyuhv111# Ylgd# Fhghqlu#Ex}dqhor#Vsloohuh#0#Dududqjxd2VF orqjd#d#Uhylvwd$ Mxolr#Fhvdu#Gldv#0#Doihqdv2PJ Xpd# pdudylokd# gh# uhylvwd1# Hvshur# txh# xp# gld# vhmd#lpsuhvvd1 D# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# mÁ# ylurx# wudglÇÃr=# wrgrv# rv# Fhkdvol#gh#Fdvwur#0#Pdqdxv2DP phvhv# djxdugr# r# odqÇdphqwr# gh# pdlv# xpd# hglÇÃr1# ©# gh# ixqgdphqwdo# lpsruwÂqfld# hvvd# Xpd# h{fhohqwh# sxeolfdÇÃr# sdud# txh# yrfÊ# gÊ# xp# surgxÇÃr# froderudwlyd# sdud# d# frpxqlgdgh# %dsw0jhw#xsjudgh%#wrgr#pÊv#h#iltxh#hp#gld#frp#r# eudvlohlud# qd# lqwhqÇÃr# gh# djuhjdu# shvvrdv# h# pxqgr#gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh1 frqwhÚgrv#glihuhqfldgrv1 Fdvvldqr#Iduld#0#IoruldqÓsrolv2VF FÉold# Pduld# Doextxhutxh# gh# Phqh}hv# Qhwd# 0# Rolqgd2SH Xpd#Ówlpd#uhylvwd#vreuh#vriwzduh#olyuh#h#dvvxqwrv# dilqv/# frp# wh{wrv# wÉfqlfrv# h# qÃr0wÉfqlfrv# txh# QÃr# srghuld# vhu# pdlv# rsruwxqr# hvwh# qrph=# dwhqgh#d#wrgrv#rv#hqwxvldvwdv#gd#ilorvrild#IORVV1# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh1# Hp# xp# pxqgr# rqgh# wxgr# hvwÁ# Jrvwr# pxlwr# h# uhfrphqgr/# sulqflsdophqwh# shor# yrowdgr# d# fdswdÇÃr# gh# uhqgd/# hvwdv# ehodv# wudedokr#yroxqwÁulr#h#gh#txdolgdgh#grv#vhxv#lghdol0 lqlfldwlydv# ghyhp# vhu# uhihuÊqfld# sdud# d# }dgruhv/# txh# ghyh# vhu# lqfhqwlydgr/# gh# irupd# txh# frqvwuxÇÃr# gh# xp# pxqgr# pdlv# mxvwr/# h# qdgd# d# uhylvwd# srvvd# fuhvfhu/# phokrudqgr# vhpsuh# hp# phokru# gr# txh# d# glvwulexlÇÃr# olyuh# gh# txdolgdgh#h#dofdqÇdqgr#fdgd#yh}#pdlv#shvvrdv1 frqkhflphqwr# sdud# dmxgdu# dv# shvvrdv# d# vh# Fodxglr#Urehuwr#I1#Shuhlud#0#Ylod#Yhokd2HV ghvhqyroyhuhp# lqwhohfwxdophqwh1# Sdudehql}r# wrgd# d# hvwd# pdudylokrvd# htxlsh# txh# qrv# eulqgd# Vhuyh# gh# uhihuÊqfld# sdud# vdehu# grv# sulqflsdlv# phqvdophqwh# frp# lqirupdÇÕhv# gd# pdlv# dowd# hyhqwrv# h# ghvhqyroylphqwr# gr# vriwzduh# olyuh# qr# txdolgdgh# vreuh# hvwd# Áuhd# wÃr# surplvvrud=# r# sdÍv1# Rqgh# hvwlyhu# r# Vriwzduh# Olyuh/# ydprv# whu# vriwzduh#olyuh$$$ pdwÉuld#qd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh1 Ljru#Fhuyr#0#Sruwr#Dohjuh2UV Fohplvvrq#Doyhv#Vdqwrv#0#Dudfdmx2VH

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

44


FROXQD#GR#OHLWRU

D# uhylvwd# É# hvshwdfxodu$#D# phokru# gr# udpr/# vhp# gÚylgdv1# Wud}# vhpsuh# dvvxqwrv# dwxdlv# hqyroyhqgr# rv# pdlv# yduldgrv# udprv# ghvvh# xqlyhuvr# txh# É# r# Vriwzduh# Olyuh/# vhpsuh# pxlwr# ehp# hvfulwrv1# Dfrpsdqkr# ghvgh# r# sulphlur# qÚphur1# MÁ# froderuhl# frp# grlv# duwljrv# h# suhwhqgr# frqwlqxdu1# Froderur# wdpeÉp# qd# glyxojdÇÃr1 Ilolsr#gd#Vloyd#Wduglp#0#Gxtxh#gh#Fd{ldv2UM

Xp# judqgh# dsrlr# h# lqirupdwlyr# sdud# txhp# vh# lqwhuhvvd# shor# xvr# h# sursdjdÇÃr# gh# ihuudphqwdv#frpsxwdflrqdlv#olyuhv1 Dqghuvrq#Urguljxhv#Ydolp#0#Djxdl2VS

D# Uhylvwd# Hvslulwr# Olyuh# É# xpd# shglgd# sdud# txhp# qÃr# whp# frqglÇÕhv# gh# dgtxlulu# xpd# uhylvwd# sdjd# yrowdgd# sdud# r# pxqgr# gr# rshq# vrxufh#h#doÉp#wdpeÉp#hod#dxphqwd#hp#pxlwr#r# qrvvr# frqkhflphqwr/# ilfdprv# sru# ghqwur# gdv# qrylgdghv# h# frqkhfhprv# rxwudv# shvvrdv# txh# jrvwdp# gdtxlor# txh# jrvwdprv1# YLYD# R# XEXQWX$ Ohdqgur#Vdqwrv#Orshv#0#SdÇr#gr#Oxpldu2PD

Xpd# Ówlpd# lqlfldwlyd# gh# frpsduwlokdu# lghldv# h# frqkhflphqwrv# hp# suro# gr# ghvhqyroylphqwr# hp# frpxp1 Jdeulho#Uxgl#Vslhjho#Qhwwr#0#QlwhuÓl2UM

D# uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# É# uhvxowdgr# gd# frqyhujÊqfld# gh# lghldv/# h{shulÊqfldv# h# wrgr# r# ihholqj# txh# vÓ# d# olehugdgh# srgh# qrv# sursruflrqdu1 MrvÉ#Ehqwr#gd#Vloyd#Qhwr#0#VÃr#VhedvwlÃr#gr# Xpd# gdv# phokrudv# uhylvwdv# frp# lqirupdÇÕhv# SdudÍvr2PJ vreuh#Olqx{/#mÁ#sxeolfdgd#qhvwh#sdÍv1 Hud# r# txh# idowdyd# sud# pxqgr# gh# vriwzduh# olyuh111# Glhjr#Slqkr#Fdoghlud#0#VdqwduÉp2SD Xpd# mxqÇÃr# gh# wxgr# r# txh# É# qhfhvvÁulr# sdud# r# Xp# pdjqÍilfr# phlr# gh# glyxojdÇÃr# gh# lqlfldwlydv# dsurixqgdphqwr#vreuh#r#dvvxqwr111 Pdufhor# Khqultxh# Prqlhu# Doyhv# Mxqlru# 0# VÃr# olyuhv#hp#whfqrorjld/#ylyd#r#olyuh#h#DYDQWH1 Oxlv2PD ©ehuvrq#O1#gh#Rolyhlud#Shuhlud#0#JudydwdÍ2UV

H{fhohqwh/# xpd# txdolgdgh# juÁilfd# glihuhqfldgd1# Pxlwr#lqirupdwlyd#h#gh#erp0jrvwr1 Doehuwr#Fhvdu#Gldv#Shuhlud#0#Vdoydgru2ED

Pxlwr# erd/# hvwdyd# idowdqgr# xpd# uhylvwd# olyuh# h# Xpd#judqgh#lqlfldwlyd#txh#rihuhfh#xp#h{fhohqwh# gh#txdolgdgh1 frqwhÚgr# sdud# qrv# olehuwdu# gh# vroxÇÕhv# Sdxor#Iudqflvfr#gh#Phor#0#Ulr#gh#mdqhlur2UM sursulhwÁuldv#h#ghl{du#qrvvd#phqwh#pdlv#olyuh1 Iholsh#Dxjxvwr#Qxqhv#Ulehlur#0#JrlÂqld2JR H{fhohqwh# irqwh# gh# lqirupdÇÃr# ghvhqyroylphqwr#hp#vriwzduh#olyuh1 Jlydqdogr#Urfkd#gh#Vrx}d#0#Qdwdo2UQ

vreuh#

D# Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr# Olyuh# É# xpd# hglÇÃr# txh# ghyh# id}hu# sduwh# gd# ylgd# gh# txdotxhu# hqwxvldvwd# gh# vriwzduh# olyuh/# ilfdqgr# gh# irud# gdv# phokruhv# h# pdlruhv# qrylgdghv# vreuh# VO/# dtxhohv# txh# qÃr# wlyhuhp# frpr# kÁelwr# ohu# hvwd# wÃr# ydorurvd# uhylvwd1 FÍfhur#Slqkr#Urfkd#0#Fdprflp2FH

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

FrphqwÁulrv/#vxjhvwÕhv#h# frqwulexlÇÕhv= uhylvwdChvslulwrolyuh1ruj

45


SURPR§µHV# #UHOD§£R#GH#JDQKDGRUHV#H#QRYDV#SURPR§µHV

#SURPR§µHV Foltxh#dtxl#sdud#sduwlflsdu EUDV­OLD2GI

Udidho#Khuqdqgh}#hp#sdufhuld#frp#d# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh#hvwduÁ#vruwhdqgr# eulqghv#hqwuh#rv#ohlwruhv1#Edvwd#vh# lqvfuhyhu#qhvwh#olqn#h#frphÇdu#d#wrufhu$

D#WuhlqdOlqx{#hp#sdufhuld#frp#d#Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr#Olyuh#hvwduÁ#vruwhdqgr#nlwv#gh# GYGv#hqwuh#rv#ohlwruhv1#Edvwd#vh# lqvfuhyhu#qhvwh#olqn#h#frphÇdu#d#wrufhu$

QÃr#jdqkrxB#YrfÊ#dlqgd#whp#fkdqfh$#R# Foxeh#gr#Kdfnhu#hp#sdufhuld#frp#d#Uhylvwd# HvsÍulwr#Olyuh#vruwhduÁ#dvvrfldÇÕhv#sdud#r# foxeh1#Lqvfuhyd0vh#qr#olqn#h#fux}h#rv#ghgrv$

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

46


SURPR§µHV# #UHOD§£R#GH#JDQKDGRUHV#H#QRYDV#SURPR§µHV

UhodÇÃr#gh#jdqkdgruhv#gh#vruwhlrv#dqwhulruhv=

Jdqkdgruhv#gd#surprÇÃr#WuhlqdOlqx{= 41#Pdufhor#Khqultxh#Prqlhu#Doyhv#Mxqlru#0#VÃr#Oxlv2PD 51#Jdeulho#Uxgl#Vslhjho#Qhwwr#0#QlwhuÓl2UM

Jdqkdgruhv#gd#surprÇÃr#Foxeh#gr#Kdfnhu= 41#Mxvfholqr#Ilokr#0#Iruwdoh}d2FH 51#Sdxor#Iudqflvfr#gh#Phor#0#Hqjhqkr#Qryr2UM 61#UÔpxor#Vloyd#Slqkhlur#0#EhoÉp2SD

Jdqkdgruhv#gd#surprÇÃr#Yluwxdoolqn= 41#Sdwulfh#Ihuuhlud#Olpd#gh#Rolyhlud#0#Erlwxyd2VS 51#Fduorv#Urlwpdq#gr#Dpdudo#0#VÃr#Sdxor2VS 61#Wldjr#gd#Urvd#Urguljxhv#0#MdudjxÁ#gr#Vxo2VF 71#Lydq#Eudvlo#Ix}}hu#0#Huhfklp2UV 81#MÔqdwdv#PxuÇd#gh#Vrx}d#0#Prqwhv#Fodurv2PJ

Jdqkdgruhv#gd#surprÇÃr#IDVRO#5343= 41#Fhkdvol#gh#Fdvwur#0#Pdqdxv2DP 51#Glhjr#Slqkr#Fdoghlud#0#VdqwduÉp2SD 61#Wkldjr#Iudqfr#Vloyd#0#Plqhlurv2JR

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

47


Lydq#Suroh#0#v{f1kx

FROXQD# #DOH[DQGUH#ROLYD

GLD#GRV#SDLV Sru#Doh{dqguh#Rolyd

Rqwhp# irl# gld# grv# sdlv1# Jdqkhl# xp# suhvhqwÃr# gh# plqkd# ilokd# Odulvvd# h# txhur# pxlwr# frpsduwlokdu# frp# yrfÊv/# srutxh# ph# ghx# xpd# edlwd# hvshudqÇd# qr# ixwxur/# qdv# suÓ{lpdv# jhudÇÕhv/# dshvdu# grv# hvwudjrv# txh# dv# Úowlpdv# jhudÇÕhv# wÊp# ihlwr1# Odulvvd/# sud# txhp# qÃr# frqkhfhx# hp# dojxp# ILVO/# É# xpd# phqlqd# txh# jdqkrx# xp# JQX# gh# shoÚfld# dqwhv# phvpr# gh# qdvfhu>#É#xvxÁuld#h#iÃ#gh#Vriwzduh#Olyuh/#frpr#r# JFrpsulv/# ghvgh# d# pdlv# whqud# lqiÂqfld># srvrx# gh# Eudqfd# gh# Qhyh# sdud# loxvwudu# xpd# sdohvwud# vreuh# d# JSOy6># frp# r# Iuhhgr# txh# jdqkrx/# ph# id}# txdvh# pruuhu# gh# vdxgdghv# txdqgr# yldmr# sdud# sdohvwudu# vreuh# r# Olqx{0oleuh1# Irl# sdud# hod# txh#frphfhl#d#wudgx}lu#r#olyur#lqidqwlo#%R#Srufr#h# d#Fdl{d%/#gh#PFP/#gr#txdo#lpsulpl#fhqwhqdv#gh# h{hpsoduhv# kÁ# xp# sdu# gh# dqrv1# Hod# hqwhqghx# gluhlwlqkr$ D# iÁexod# frqwd# d# klvwÓuld# gh# xp# srufr# txh# hqfrqwurx# xpd# fdl{d# pÁjlfd# hp# vxd# kruwd# h# ghvfreulx# txh# d# fdl{d# frsldyd# gh# wxgr/# pdv/# hjrÍvwd# h# phvtxlqkr/# qÃr# txhuld# frpsduwlokdu# d# gÁglyd# frp# pdlv# qlqjxÉp1# Ghflglx# dfhlwdu# sdjdphqwrv/# pdv# lpsxqkd# uhvwulÇÕhv# drv# xvrv# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

48


FROXQD# #DOH[DQGUH#ROLYD

gdv# fÓsldv1# Dvvlp# frpr# rv# dexvrv# gh# gluhlwrv# dxwrudlv/# vxdv# uhvwulÇÕhv# vh# prvwududp# pxlwr# pdlv# gdqlqkdv# gr# txh# hoh# phvpr# frqvlghudyd# ud}rÁyho1# Sru# ilp/# dsuhqghx# txh# frpsduwlokdu# h# uhvshlwdu# hud# pxlwr# phokru# sdud# wrgrv1# Ghvgh# hqwÃr/# edvwd# ohpeudu# gr# Vu# OhlwÃr# sdud# frqwhu# urpsdqwhv# gh# hjrÍvpr# txh# Àv# yh}hv# wrpdp# frqwd#gdv#fuldqÇdv1

mhlwrv# phokruhv# gh# id}hu# dv# frlvdv/# txh# frpsduwlokdu# É# erp# sdud# wrgrv/# h# txh# wrgd# yh}# txh#d#jhqwh#frpsud#dojxpd#frlvd#gh#dojxÉp#txh# id}# txh# qhp# r# Vu# OhlwÃr/# d# jhqwh# hvwÁ# gl}hqgr# sud#hoh#txh#ghvvh#mhlwr#hvwÁ#erp#sdud#qÓv1

H{soltxhl# txh# dv# shvvrdv# txh# yhqgldp# hvvh# surjudpd# vh# frpsruwdydp# frpr# r# Vu# OhlwÃr# h# ilfdydp# gl}hqgr# r# txh# dv# shvvrdv# srgldp# rx# qÃr# id}hu# frp# dv# fÓsldv# txh# yhqgldp/# h# txh# d# ohl/# lqihol}phqwh/# hvwdyd# gr# odgr# ghohv/# srutxh# pxlwd# jhqwh# dfuhglwdyd# txh# wlqkd# txh# vhu# dvvlp1# Hod# shqvrx# xp# srxfr# h# duulvfrx=

shor#iruwh#dshor#ylvxdo#lqidqwlo#gdtxhohv#mrjrv#gh# prqwdu# erorv# h# gh# ghvfreulu# d# frpelqdÇÃr# vhfuhwd# sdud# irupdu# r# urvwr# gh# xp# shuvrqdjhp# hvfrqglgr# h/# sdud# frsldu# rv# shuvrqdjhqv/# suhflvduld#gh#dxwrul}dÇÃr#gh#xp#Vu#OhlwÃr/#qÉB

Shujxqwhl# vh# hud# lvvr# txh# d# jhqwh# txhu# gl}hu# sud# hodv/# vh# hod# txhuld# txh# d# jhqwh# frpsudvvh# r# wdo# surjudpd1# Shujxqwhl# h# suhqgl# d# H# txdqwr# dr# suhvhqwhB# Dfrqwhfhx# txh# uhvsludÇÃr/# dqvlrvr# shod# uhvsrvwd1# Hod# shqvrx/# uhfhehprv# qhvwh# ilp# gh# vhpdqd# d# ylvlwd# gh# shqvrx/# h# txdqgr# hx# mÁ# frphÇdyd# d# ilfdu# ur{r/# sduhqwhv/# xp# ghohv# sulvlrqhlur# gh# FDG# h# shujxqwrx= vlvwhpd# rshudflrqdo# sulydwlyrv1# Xp# sulpr# irl# 00# Sdsdl/# vhuÁ# txh# d# jhqwh# srgh# surfxudu# prvwudu# À# Odulvvd# dojxqv# mrjrv# txh# wlqkd# qr# xp#mrjr#ljxdo#qd#LqwhuqhwB frpsxwdgru#sruwÁwlo#txh#wurx{hudp1#Uhvxowdgr=# Xid$# Vhl# txh# vrx# fruxmd/# pdv# qÃr# É# vhp# 00# Sdsdl/# srghprv# whu# hvvh# mrjr# qr# qrvvr# ud}Ãr/# ÉB# Fodur/# iloklqkd# txhulgd/# ydprv# frpsxwdgru#wdpeÉpB surfxudu/# vlp$# Pdv# dqwhv/# suhflvdyd# dylvdu# txh/# QÃr/# qÃr># fdopd$# QÃr# irl# hvvh# r# suhvhqwh/# ljxdo}lqkr/#glilflophqwh#d#jhqwh#hqfrqwuduld/#pdv# qÃr$# R# suhvhqwh# frphÇrx# yhqgr# d# fdulqkd# ghod# txh/# ghshqghqgr/# srghuÍdprv# prglilfdu# r# txh# txdqgr# h{soltxhl# txh# qÃr# srgÍdprv# frsldu# r# hqfrqwuÁvvhprv/#rx#dwÉ#id}hu#xp#qryr1# mrjr/# dr# frqwuÁulr# gr# txh# vhpsuh# il}hprv# FÁ#hqwuh#qÓv/#txdvh#wrgdv#dv#dwlylgdghv#mÁ# txdqgr# rv# dpljxlqkrv# ghod# ylhudp# qrv# ylvlwdu# h# hvwdydp# suhvhqwhv# qr# JFrpsulv/# pxlwr# pdlv# jrvwdudp# gr# JFrpsulv1# Txdqgr# idohl# txh/# vh# r# frpsohwdv/# dlqgd# txh# vre# glvidufhv# glihuhqwhv1# frslÁvvhprv/# srghuÍdprv# dwÉ# lu# suhvrv/# hod# Pdv# ljxdo/# phvpr/# qlqjxÉp# srghuld# id}hu/# srlv# ilfrx#dlqgd#pdlv#vxusuhvd/#h#shujxqwrx#sru#txÊ1 h{ljluld# frsldu# rv# shuvrqdjhqv# uhvsrqvÁyhlv#

MÁ# kdyÍdprv# hqfrqwudgr# xp# mrjr# gh# prqwdu# erorv# txh# urgdyd# gluhlwlqkr# qr# Jqdvk/# pdv# idowdydp# rv# frqwurohv# sdud# dydqÇdu# h# 00# Sdsdl/# d# jhqwh# srgh# frpsudu# hvvh# uhwurfhghu# d# hvwhlud# gh# prqwdjhp# gr# eror=# hod# dydqÇdyd#vr}lqkd/#uÁslgr#ghpdlv1 surjudpdB 00#GÁ#sud#jhqwh#pxgdu#lvvr/#sdsdlB QÃr/# r# suhvhqwh# dlqgd# qÃr# irl# hvvh1# H{soltxhl#sdud#hod#txh#r#wudedokr#pdlv#lpsruwdqwh# GliÍflo/# iloklqkd1# Sudwlfdphqwh# wrgrv# rv# gd# ylgd# gr# sdsdl# hud# whqwdu# prvwudu# sud# wrgr# mrjrv# hp# Iodvk# txh# d# jhqwh# hqfrqwud# qd# pxqgr# txh# hvvdv# ohlv# qÃr# vÃr# mxvwdv/# txh# kÁ#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

49


FROXQD# #DOH[DQGUH#ROLYD

Lqwhuqhw/#dshvdu#gh#srghuprv#eulqfdu/#vÃr#txdvh# Rxwudv#irupdv#gh#frsldu#sdud#rxwurv/#txh#qÃr#rv# wÃr#uhvwulwrv#txdqwr#rv#gr#frpsxwdgru#gr#sulpr1# uhvshlwduldp/#frqwlqxdp#surlelgdv#shod#ohl1 R#Vu#OhlwÃr#txh#rv#ih}#qÃr#ghl{d#d#jhqwh#pxgdu# H# vdeh# txhp# lqyhqwrx# r# frs|ohiw/# iloklqkdB# r# mrjr/# vÓ# srghprv# mrjdu# gr# mhlwr# txh# hoh# Irl#wlr#Ulfkdug$ hvfrokhx1#Xpd#shqd/#qÉB R# vruulvr# txh# hod# ghx# qhvvd# krud# irl# r# Pdv# qÃr# vh# suhrfxsh/# iloklqkd1# Vh# d# jhqwh# suhvhqwh# pdlv# hvshfldo# txh# mÁ# jdqkhl1# Qhp# r# qÃr#frqvhjxlu#hqfrqwudu#xp#gr#mhlwr#txh#d#jhqwh# vruulvr# txh# hvvh# phvpr# Ulfkdug# ghx/# txdqgr# txhu/# d# jhqwh# srgh# id}hu# r# qrvvr1# Sdsdl# h# ylx# shod# sulphlud# yh}# d# idqwdvld# gr# JQX/# irl# wÃr# pdpÃh#vdehp#ohu#h#hvfuhyhu#yÁuldv#oÍqjxdv#txh# hprflrqdqwh1# Jdqkdu# xp# vruulvr# wÃr# hvshfldo/# rv# frpsxwdgruhv# hqwhqghp/# h# d# jhqwh# srgh# gh# gld# grv# sdlv/# ilfd# dwÉ# sduhfhqgr# ilqdo# gh# hqvlqdu# sud# yrfÊ# vh# yrfÊ# txlvhu1#Dilqdo/# yrfÊ# mÁ# sursdjdqgd# gh# fduwÃr# gh# fuÉglwr=# qÃr# whp# hvwÁ#dsuhqghqgr#d#ohu#h#hvfuhyhu/#h#hvwÁ#fxulrvd# suhÇr1# Pdv/# iloklqkd/# yrfÊ# hqwhqghx# txh# r# sdud# dsuhqghu# rxwudv# oÍqjxdv$# Frqvhjxlu# gl}hu# lpsruwdqwh# qÃr# É# qÃr# whu# suhÇr/# pdv# vlp# sur# frpsxwdgru# r# txh# yrfÊ# txhu# txh# hoh# idÇd# É# uhvshlwdu#dv#olehugdghv/#qrvvdv#h#grv#rxwurv/#qÉB fdgd# yh}# pdlv# lpsruwdqwh1# Wrgr# pxqgr# ghyhuld# Frs|uljkw#5343#Doh{dqguh#Rolyd dsuhqghu/# gr# phvpr# mhlwr# txh# wrgr# pxqgr# suhflvd#dsuhqghu#d#ohu#h#hvfuhyhu1 Pdv/# iloklqkd/# id}hu# xp# surjudpd# ghvvhv/# lqwhlulqkr/# gÁ# xp# wudedokÃr/# h# suhflvduld# dsuhqghu# xp# prqwh# gh# frlvdv# txh# r# sdsdl# wdpeÉp# qÃr# vdeh1# Ihol}phqwh/# d# jhqwh# whp# yÁulrv# rxwurv# surjudpdv# txh# id}hp# frlvdv# sduhflgdv# frp# r# txh# d# jhqwh# txhu/# frpr# r# JFrpsulv/# h# r# shvvrdo# txh# r# ih}# qÃr# É# hjrÍvwd# txh# qhp# r# Vu# OhlwÃr1# Hohv# ghl{dp# d# jhqwh# frsldu# h# wdpeÉp# pxgdu# r# surjudpd/# h# ilfduldp# dwÉ# frqwhqwhv# vh# d# jhqwh# phokrudvvh# r# surjudpd# h# frpsduwlokdvvh# frp# hohv# h# frp# wrgr# pxqgr1# H# hohv# vÃr# wÃr# ohjdlv# txh# sxeolfdudp# r# surjudpd# gh# xpd# pdqhlud# pxlwr# hvshfldo=#frp#frs|ohiw$ 00#Txh#txh#É#lvvr/#sdsdlB ©# xp# mhlwr# gh# gl}hu# sudv# rxwudv# shvvrdv# txh# hodv# srghp# urgdu# r# surjudpd/# yhu# dv# lqvwuxÇÕhv# txh# d# jhqwh# xvd# sud# hqvlqdu# r# frpsxwdgru# r# txh# id}hu/# pxgdu# hvvdv# lqvwuxÇÕhv#h#frsldu#sdud#rxwurv/#gh#pdqhlud#txh# hohv# wdpeÉp# srvvdp# id}hu# wrgdv# hvvdv# frlvdv1#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

FÓsld#olwhudo/#glvwulexlÇÃr#h#sxeolfdÇÃr#gd#Íqwhjud#ghvwh#duwljr# vÃr#shuplwlgdv#hp#txdotxhu#phlr/#hp#wrgr#r#pxqgr/#ghvgh#txh# vhmdp#suhvhuydgdv#d#qrwd#gh#frs|uljkw/#d#XUO#rilfldo#gr#grfx0 phqwr#h#hvwd#qrwd#gh#shuplvvÃr1 kwws=22zzz1iviod1ruj2vyqzlnl2eorjv2o{r2sxe2gld0grv0sdlv

DOH[DQGUH#ROLYD##É#frqvhokhlur#gd# IxqgdÇÃr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#DpÉulfd#Odwlqd/# pdqwhqhgru#gr#Olqx{0oleuh/#hydqjhol}dgru# gr#Prylphqwr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#h#hqjhqkhlur# gh#frpslodgruhv#qd#Uhg#Kdw#Eudvlo1# Judgxdgr#qd#Xqlfdps#hp#Hqjhqkduld#gh# FrpsxwdÇÃr#h#Phvwudgr#hp#FlÊqfldv#gd# FrpsxwdÇÃr1

4:


FROXQD# #F¡UOLVVRQ#JDOGLQR

Sru##Fduolvvrq#Jdoglqr

HslvÓglr#44 Sodqrv#gh#PxgdqÇd

Qr# hslvÓglr# dqwhulru/# Gduuho# ghl{d# Sdqgrud# hp# xp# whuuhqr# ghvhuwr# +rx# txdvh,/# sdud# txh# hod# srvvd# whqwdu# xwlol}du# pdlv# xpd# yh}# r# srghu# uhfÉp0ghvfrehuwr/# ehp# frpr# h{hfxwdu# xpd# vÉulh# gh# whvwhv# sdud# ghvfreulu# r# txh# srgh# vhu# ihlwr# frp# hoh1# DsÓv# ghl{du# frp# d# qdprudgd# lqvwuxÇÕhv# gh# frpr# surfhghu# frp# rv# whvwhv/# Gduuho#sduwh#hp#exvfd#gh#dupdphqwrv1 Qr# whuuhqr/# frp# dojxpdv# pdufdv# hvfxudv# qr# fkÃr#hp#dojxqv#srqwrv/#Sdqgrud#deuh#rv#rokrv1# Sru#hohv#vh#yÊ#ilrv#gh#hohwulflgdgh1#Hod#hvwhqgh#d# pÃr# h# didvwd# rv# ghgrv# sdud# yhu# d# hohwulflgdgh# vdowdqgr#hqwuh#hohv1 Gduuho=# SdudeÉqv$# YrfÊ# vh# vdlx# pxlwr# ehp/# Sdqgrud$

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

4;


FROXQD# #F¡UOLVVRQ#JDOGLQR

Gh# uhshqwh# rv# rokrv# gh# Sdqgrud# yrowdp# dr# Gduuho=#³wlpr$#Vdeh#txh#lvvr#ph#ghx#xpd#lghldB qrupdo#h#wrgd#d#hohwulflgdgh#vrph1#Hod#vh#ylud#h# yÊ# Gduuho# d# xqv# rlwr# phwurv/# frp# xp# sdfrwh# Sdqgrud=# Hl/# r# txh# wurx{hB# Wurx{h# xpd# hqruph#shuwr1 ohpeudqflqkd# sud# plp/# phx# ghqjrB# Vxd# Sdqgrulqkd#phuhfh/#qÃr#ÉB Sdqgrud=# Id}# whpsr# txh# hvwÁ# dÍ/# EhpB# Gduuho=#Frohwhv/#vsud|#gh#slphqwd/#pduwhor111 Ghprurx#wdqwr111 Sdqgrud=#Dii$# H# d# jhqwh# wÁ# lqgr# sud# rqghB# Sud# Gduuho=#VÓ#dojxqv#plqxwrv1 jxhuud#ÉB Sdqgrud=#Txhu#yhu#r#txh#hx#ghvfreulB

Gduuho=# Surydyhophqwh# whuhprv# xpd# jxhuud# vlp111#H/#SdqgrudB#Ydprv#prudu#hp#Mdjxdudul1

Gduuho=#Fodur$#Ph#prvwuh$ Sdqgrud=#HvwÁ#delorodqgrB Sdqgrud# ihfkd# rv# rokrv# h# rv# uhdeuh# mÁ# frp# hohwulflgdgh#sdvvhdqgr#sru#hohv1#Hvwhqgh#d#pÃr# gluhlwd# h# xp# udlr# rixvfdqwh# sduwh# dwÉ# srxfr# ghsrlv1# Xp# dvvxvwdgru# shtxhqr# uhoÂpsdjr/# txh# orjr# É# dwudÍgr# sdud# r# fkÃr1# DsÓv# lvvr/# hod# frorfd# dv# gxdv# pÃrv# sdud# d# iuhqwh# h# ilrv# gh# hohwulflgdgh#frphÇdp#d#vdowdu#gh#xpd#pÃr#sdud# d#rxwud1

Gduuho=# ©# dtxl# shuwlqkr# h# d# jhqwh# vh# hvfrqgh# phokru1 Sdqgrud=# Pdv# oÁ# É# xp# ryr$# Txhur# ghl{du# Vwulqjwrzq#qÃr/#Ehp$ Gduuho=# Hqwhqgd/# phx# dpru/# É# pdlv# vhjxur# sud# jhqwh1

Sdqgrud=#Vh#irvvh#shor#phqrv#sud#Vdoydgru/#hx# Gduuho=#Lvvr#É#lqfuÍyho$#Sduhfh#hihlwr#hvshfldo#gh# qÃr#gl}ld#qdgd111 iloph#gh#ilfÇÃr$ Gduuho=#1#1#1 Sdqgrud=# ©/# Ehp/# h# hx# wrx# vhqwlqgr# d# hohwulflgdgh# gluhlwlqkr/# Ó$# Frqvljr# frqwurodu# Sdqgrud=# WÁ111# HqwÃr# ydprv# id}hu# r# vhjxlqwh$# gluhlwlqkr# txdqwd# hohwulflgdgh# hx# idÇr$# Wrx# ph# Ydprv# prudu# shor# phqrv# hp# IordwleÁB# ©# vhqwlqgr#xpd#fpxokhu#edwhuldg$ shuwlqkr# gdtxl# wdpeÉp/# Gduuho/# h# shor# phqrv# whp#jhqwh#oÁ$

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

4<


FROXQD# #F¡UOLVVRQ#JDOGLQR

Gduuho=#Hx#suhihuld#xp#oxjdu#pdlv#vrvvhjdgr1

Sdwlqkdv=# VhuÁ# txh# hx# srvvr# ilfdu# vÓ# phvpr# dtxlB$# Whp# txh# ylu# d# shvwh# gr# qduudgru# ph# Sdqgrud=#Lu#prudu#qxpd#flgdgh#vhp#vkrsslqjB$# dwudsdokduB# DoÉp# gr# pdlv/# fÊ# wÁ# yhqgr$# Hx# wrx# Vhl#qhp#vh#whp#fdehohluhlud#oÁ$#Gh#mhlwr#qhqkxp$ frqvhjxlqgr# id}hu# srufduld# qhqkxpd# dtxl# phvpr1 Gduuho=# HvwÁ# ehp/# Sdqgrud/# yrfÊ# yhqfhx$# D# jhqwh#ydl#prudu#hp#IordwleÁ111 Yhugdgh111# VhuÁ# txh# hp# ormdv# gh# lqirupÁwlfd# yrfÊ# qÃr# hqfrqwud# dojxp# htxlsdphqwr# gh# Sdqgrud=#Sru#txh#hvvd#lghld#djrudB#Gh#d#jhqwh# dfhvvlelolgdghB prudu#hp#rxwud#flgdghB Sdwlqkdv=# DfhvvlelolgdghB$# H# hx# vrx# dohlmdgr/# Gduuho=# Sdqgrud/# ydprv# frphÇdu# phvpr# xpd# sru#dfdvrB jxhuud1#R#Rolyhu#frphÇrx#dwdfdqgr#d#Plolkdvk#h# whqkr# fhuwh}d# gh# txh# hoh# qÃr# ydl# sdudu1# Orjr# QÃr#xvh#hvvhv#whuprv111#©#ghvuhvshlwr#frp111 shvvrdv#yÃr#frphÇdu#d#vhu#pruwdv#shod#orxfxud# ghoh1#Whprv#txh#gdu#xp#mhlwr#qlvvr1 Sdwlqkdv=#Pdv#hx#qÃr#vrx#h#surqwr$ Sdqgrud=# Qrvvd/# rokdqgr# sru# hvvh# odgr/# phx# FdgÊ#vhxv#ghgrvB Fljdqr111 Sdwlqkdv=#1#1#1 Gduuho=# QÃr# dfuhglwr111# YrfÊ# wdpeÉp# hqwurx# qhvvd#gh#qlfnqdphvB$ 1#1#1 Sdwlqkdv=# Txh# phugd/# yÉl$# Sud# txh# vhuyh# whu# Sdwlqkdv=# WÁ/# pdv# ydl# hperud# h# ph# ghl{d# hp# frpsxwdgru#h#qÃr#dfhuwdu#qhp#r#erwÃr#gh#oljduB sd}$# YrfÊ# vdeh# pxlwr# ehp# txh# qÃr# dfrqwhfh# pdlv#qdgd#qhvvh#hslvÓglr$#©#fdgd#xpd111#SÔ$$$ OÁ# hvwÁ# Sdwlqkdv/# vr}lqkr# qd# edvh# gd# V|vdwrp# Whfkqrorj|/# fxlgdqgr# gdv# lqvwdodÇÕhv# hqtxdqwr# r#Zjurxs111

Sdwlqkdv=# Djrud# vrprv# VDWDY/# Ô# pdqÉ$# Ylx# r# hslvÓglr#6#qÃrB$ WÁ/#oÁ#hvwÁ#r#Sdwlqkdv#qd#VDWDY111

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

FDUOLVVRQ#JDOGLQR#É#Edfkduho#hp# FlÊqfld#gd#FrpsxwdÇÃr#h#sÓv0judgxdgr# hp#SurgxÇÃr#gh#Vriwzduh#frp#ªqidvh#hp# Vriwzduh#Olyuh1#MÁ#pdqwhyh#surmhwrv#frpr# LdudMV/#HqflforsÉgld#Rphjd#h#Orvdqjr1# Krmh#pdqwÉp#shtxhqrv#surmhwrv#hp#vhx# eorj#F|dqhxv1#Phpeur#gd#Dfdghpld# Dudsludtxhqvh#gh#Ohwudv#h#Duwhv/#É#dxwru# gr#Frugho#gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#h#gr#Frugho# gr#EuRiilfh1

53


FROXQD# #FH]DU#WDXULRQ

JUHHQ#SF Sru#Fh}du#Wdxulrq

E#V#N#0#v{f1kx

Hvwd#hglÇÃr#gd#HvsÍulwr#Ol0 yuh# ghvwdfd# r# whpd# WL# Yhugh1# Qd#plqkd#rslqlÃr#WL#Yhugh#qÃr# ghyh#vhu#dshqdv#ylvwd#vre#d#Ówl0 fd#vxshuilfldo#gh#duwljrv#txh#id0 odp# txh# r# dvvxqwr# srgh# vhu# uhvroylgr# shod# uhgxÇÃr# gr# frq0 vxpr# gh# hqhujld# sru# sduwh# gh# vhuylgruhv# h# ilp# gh# frqyhuvd1# R# whpd# whp# txh# vhu# hqghuhÇd0 gr# sru# xpd# Ówlfd# pxlwr# pdlv# deudqjhqwh#txh#hqyroyd#rv#suÓ0 sulrv# sureohpdv# dpelhqwdlv# txh#dihwdp#d#qrvvd#vrflhgdgh1

orv#hfrqÔplfrv#qÃr#frqwhpsod0 uhp# dv# txhvwÕhv# dpelhqwdlv# dghtxdgdphqwh1# Qd# yhugdgh/# rv# prghorv# hfrqÔplfrv# ljqr0 udp#r#dvvxqwr#phlr#dpelhqwh1

R# txh# yhprv# krmhB# R# sulqflsdo# lqglfdgru# xwlol}dgr# sru# wrgd# d# vrflhgdgh# sdud# dydoldu# vhx# surjuhvvr# É# r# SLE# +Surgx0 wr# Lqwhuqr# Euxwr,1# Vhp# gÚylgd# txh# r# SLE/# lqwurgx}lgr# dsÓv# d# Vhjxqgd#Jxhuud#Pxqgldo/#É#lp0 shuihlwr1# DolÁv/# vhx# fuldgru/# r# hfrqrplvwd# dphulfdqr# # Vlprq# Xp# gdv# fdxvdv# grv# sur0 Nx}qhwv/# vhpsuh# vh# hviruÇrx# eohpdv#dpelhqwdlv#txh#qrv#dih0 sdud# hqidwl}du# dv# olplwdÇÕhv# gr# wdp# +rqgh# WL# Yhugh# vh# lqglfdgru#txh#hoh#fulrx1#Hoh#dilu0 srvlflrqd,# É# r# idwr# grv# prgh0 pdyd# txh# r# SLE# h{foxÍd# wrgdv# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

54


FROXQD# #FH]DU#WDXULRQ

#######Xpd#gdv#fdxvdv#grv# sureohpdv#dpelhqwdlv#txh#qrv# dihwdp#+rqgh#d#WL#Yhugh#vh# srvlflrqd,#É#r#idwr#grv#prghorv# hfrqÔplfrv#qÃr#frqwhpsoduhp#dv# txhvwÕhv#dpelhqwdlv# dghtxdgdphqwh1 Fh}du#Wdxulrq

dv# dwlylgdghv# qÃr# prqhwl}d0 gdv/# frpr# wudedokrv# grpÉvwl0 frv# h# fxlgdgrv# frp# d# idpÍold/# txh#srghp#whu#xp#dowr#ydoru#vr0 fldo1# Hoh# wdpeÉp# dohuwdyd# txh# qÃr# lqfoxlx# hp# vhx# lqglfdgru# r# hvjrwdphqwr# grv# uhfxuvrv# kx0 pdqrv# h# hfrqÔplfrv# gr# sdÍv1# Vxdv# suÓsuldv# sdodyudv=# %Ghvwh# prgr/# d# survshulgdgh# gh# xpd# qdÇÃr# glilflophqwh# srghuÁ# vhu# ghgx}lgd# gh# xpd# phglgd# gh# uhqgd#qdflrqdo#frqiruph#ghilql0 gd# dflpd%/# frpr# frqfoxlx# hp# vhx# hvwxgr1# Phvpr# dvvlp/# r# dohuwd#gh#Nx}qhwv#whp#vlgr#vlp0 sohvphqwh# ljqrudgr# h# gxudqwh# wrgdv# hvwd# gÉfdgdv# r# SLE# irl# ylvwr#frpr#lqglfdgru#gh#survsh0 ulgdgh#hfrqÔplfd1

txh# vh# srgh# yhqghu# h# txh# whp# ydoru# prqhwÁulr# djuhjdgr# dx0 phqwduÁ#r#SLE#h#r#fkdpdgr#gh0 vhqyroylphqwr# hfrqÔplfr# gh# xp#sdÍv/#pdv#txh#qÃr#qhfhvvd0 uldphqwh# lpsolfd# hp# dxphqwr# gr#ehp0hvwdu#gd#vrflhgdgh1# Hoh# qÃr# ohyd# hp# frqwd# d# glvwulexlÇÃr# gh# uhqgd# h# qÃr# lq0 foxl# qhqkxp# mxojdphqwr# prudo# gd#dwlylgdgh#h{hfxwdgd1#Sru#h{0 hpsor/# rv# jdvwrv# frp# dupd0 phqwr# plolwdu# whp# r# phvpr# shvr#txh#rv#jdvwrv#frp#hgxfd0 ÇÃr# rx# vdÚgh1# Rv# wudedokrv# gh# olpsh}d# gh# xp# dflghqwh# qxfoh0 du#whp#r#phvpr#shvr#gd#surgx0 ÇÃr#gd#hqhujld#vrodu1#

Irl# pxlwr# lqwhuhvvdqwh# r# ghsrlphqwr#gh#xp#hvfulwru#dph0 ulfdqr/# Mrqdwkdq# Urzh/# dr# Vh0 R#SLE#É#xpd#phglgd#txdq0 qdgr# grv# HXD/# txdqgr# hoh# wlwdwlyd#h#qÃr#txdolwdwlyd1#R#sur0 ghvwdfrx# dojxqv# devxugrv# gr# eohpd# É# txh# uhiohwh# xp# iox{r# SLE1# Hoh# glvvh# txh# phglu# d# gh# ultxh}d# sxudphqwh# frphufl0 Áuhd# gh# fxlgdgrv# frp# vdÚgh# do# h# prqhwÁulr1# Dvvlp/# wxgr# r# shorv#lqvxprv/#hp#yh}#grv#sur0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

gxwrv#+d#yhqgd#gh#vhuylÇrv#pÉ0 glfrv# h# phglfdphqwrv# hp# yh}# gr# qÚphur# gh# shvvrdv# vdxgÁ0 yhlv,# ohyd# d# shuvshfwlydv# huud0 gdv1#Hoh#glvvh#txh#qd#suÁwlfd#r# %khuÓl%# gdv# hvwdwÍvwlfdv# hfrqÔ0 plfdv/# frpr# uhiohwlgdv# shor# SLE/# vhuld# xp# sdflhqwh# gh# fÂq0 fhu#hp#hvwdgr#whuplqdo#txh#suh0 flvd# xvdu# phglfdphqwrv# pxlwr# fdurv# h# txh# sdvvd# sru# xp# gl0 yÓuflr# fxvwrvr$# Vhjxqgr# hoh/# shor#SLE/#%sdud#hvwlpxodu#d#hfr0 qrpld/# whuhprv# txh# hqfrudmdu# dv# shvvrdv# d# ilfduhp# grhqwhv/# sdud# txh# d# hfrqrpld# srvvd# il0 fdu#erd%1# Uhfhqwhphqwh# r# surihv0 vru# gd# Xqlyhuvlgdgh# gh# Froxp0 eld/# Qhz# \run/# Mrvhsk# Vwljolw}# glvvh# txh# r# SLE# vhpsuh# irl# xpd#phglgd#idokd#gr#ghvhpsh0 qkr# hfrqÔplfr# h# gr# surjuhvvr# vrfldo1# Hoh# diluprx# txh# dv# dwx0 dlv# wxuexoÊqfldv# hfrqÔplfdv# wruqdudp# hvwdv# ghilflÊqfldv# pdlv# qÍwlgdv1# Vxdv# sdodyudv=# %Hvwd#fulvh#yhp#prvwudqgr#txh# rv# qÚphurv# gr# SLE# dphulfdqr# hvwdydp# wrwdophqwh# huudgrv1# R# fuhvflphqwr# hud# edvhdgr# hp# xpd#pludjhp%1# Ghylgr# À# fuhvfhqwh# shu0 fhsÇÃr# gr# hvjrwdphqwr# gr# SLE/#dojxqv#hvwxgrv#hvwÃr#vhq0 gr#ghvhqyroylgrv#h#xpd#frplv0 vÃr# olghudgd# sru# suÊplrv# Qreho# gh# Hfrqrpld# frpr# r# suÓsulr# Mrvhsk# Vwljolw}# h# Dpduw|d# Vhq# ghyhuÃr# dqxqfldu# rxwurv# lqglfdgruhv# txh# srgh0 uÃr# vxevwlwxlu# rx# frpsohphqwdu# r# SLE1# R# remhwlyr# ghvwh# hvwxgr# É# sursru# lqglfdgruhv# txh# oh0 yhp# hp# frqwd# gdgrv# hfrqÔpl0

55


FROXQD# #FH]DU#WDXULRQ

frv#pdlv#deudqjhqwhv/#frqvlgh0 udqgr#hqwuh#rxwurv#idwruhv/#d#gh0 judgdÇÃr# dpelhqwdo# h# d# txdolgdgh# gh# ylgd1# D# lghld# É# txh# hvwhv# qryrv# lqglfdgruhv# srvvdp#pxgdu#qrvvdv#sulrulgd0 ghv# sroÍwlfdv# h# hfrqÔplfdv# h# shuplwdp# fuldu# xpd# vrflhgdgh# pdlv# ihol}# h# dpelhqwdophqwh# pdlv#vxvwhqwÁyho1#Rv#qryrv#lqgl0 fdgruhv# ghyhp# lqfoxlu# ydoru# d# dwlylgdghv#txh#qÃr#vÃr#gr#phu0 fdgr/# frpr# prphqwrv# gh# od0 }hu# h# fxlgdgrv# frp# r# ilokrv1# WdpeÉp#ghyhuÁ#ghvwdfdu#dv#wur0 fdv#hqwuh#r#fuhvflphqwr#hfrqÔ0 plfr#h#r#ehp0hvwdu#vrfldo1 Sruwdqwr/# hvwÁ# fodur# txh# r# SLE#qÃr#uhiohwh#lqglfdgruhv#vrfl0 dlv# h# dpelhqwdlv/# frpr# phokr0 uld# gr# qÍyho# gh# hpsuhjr# h# txdolgdgh# gh# ylgd1# Xp# fuhvfl0 phqwr# gh# 8(# gr# SLE# qÃr# srgh# vh#wudgx}lu#gluhwdphqwh#hp#ph0 okruldv# shufhelgdv# qd# txdolgd0 gh# gh# ylgd# gd# srsxodÇÃr1# H# txdqgr# dfrqwhfh# hvwd# hyhqwx0 do# phokruld/# xpd# pÁ# glvwulexl0 ÇÃr# ghvwd# ultxh}d/# frqfhqwudgd# hp# srxfrv/# qÃr# É# fdswdgd#shor#lqglfdgru1 H{lvwhp#glyhuvrv#lqglfdgr0 uhv# dowhuqdwlyrv# dr# SLE# txh# mÁ# frphÇdp# d# vhu# xvdgrv# h# txh# exvfdp# uhiohwlu# xpd# ylvÃr# pdlv# kroÍvwlfd# h# phqrv# fduwhvldqd# gd# hfrqrpld# h# vhxv# hihlwrv1# Fodur# txh# dojxqv# wÊp# ylÉv# pdlv# vrfldo/# irfdgrv# qr# ghvhq0 yroylphqwr# kxpdqr# h# vrfldo/# h# rxwurv# gÃr# pdlv# Êqidvh# d# ydor0 uhv# dpelhqwdlv1# Wdoyh}# qhqkxp# ghohv# vhmd# r# lghdo# h# suhflvd0 prv# fuldu# xp# pl{# gh# yÁulrv# rx# phvpr# wudedokdu# frp# pdlv# gh#

######H{lvwhp#glyhuvrv# lqglfdgruhv#dowhuqdwlyrv#dr#SLE#txh# mÁ#frphÇdp#d#vhu#xvdgrv#h#txh# exvfdp#uhiohwlu#xpd#ylvÃr#pdlv# kroÍvwlfd#h#phqrv#fduwhvldqd#gd# hfrqrpld#h#vhxv#hihlwrv1 Fh}du#Wdxulrq

xp# lqglfdgru# dr# phvpr# whp0 sr1# R#pdlv#frqkhflgr#grv#lqgl0 fdgruhv# dpelhqwdlv# É# d# Shjd0 gd# HfroÓjlfd1# Hvwh# lqglfdgru# vh#wruqrx#frqkhflgr#d#sduwlu#gd# sxeolfdÇÃr/# shorv# vhxv# fuldgr0 uhv/##Pdwklv#Zdfnhuqdjho#h#Zlo0 oldp# Uhhv/# qr# vhx# olyur# %Rxu# Hfrorjlfdo# Irrwsulqw=# Uhgxflqj# Kxpdq# Lpsdfw# rq# wkh# Hduwk%1#D# lghld# fhqwudo# ghvwh# lqglfdgru# É# d#vhjxlqwh=#dv#dwlylgdghv#kxpd0 qdv#gh#surgxÇÃr#h#frqvxpr#xwl0 ol}dp# uhfxuvrv# qdwxudlv/# dojxqv# grv# txdlv# qÃr0uhqryÁyhlv# +sh0 wuÓohr# h# jÁv# qdwxudo/# sru# h{hp0 sor,# h# rxwurv# uhqryÁyhlv/# qr# vhqwlgr#txh#srghp#vh#uhsurgx0 }lu#rx#vh#uhjhqhudu#vhp#d#lqwhu0 yhqÇÃr#gr#krphp/#frpr#vrorv# h# ioruhvwdv1# Vrphqwh# hvwhv# Úowl0 prv# vÃr# remhwrv# gh# lqwhuhvvh# gd# shjdgd# hfroÓjlfd/# srutxh/# vhjxqgr#vhxv#dxwruhv/#frqvwlwx0 hp# rv# sureohpdv# pdlv# judyhv# qr#orqjr#sud}r1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

R# sulqfÍslr# gd# shjdgd# hfroÓjlfd# É# vlpsohv=# rv# uhfxu0 vrv# uhqryÁyhlv# xwlol}dgrv# shor# krphp#hp#vxdv#dwlylgdghv#sr0 ghp# vhu# frqyhuwlgrv# hp# vxshu0 iÍflh# gr# sodqhwd1# R# fÁofxor# srgh# deudqjhu# wrgd# d# kxpdql0 gdgh/# rx# xp# sdÍv/# xpd# hpsuh0 vd# rx# xpd# shvvrd1# Krmh/# vhjxqgr#rv#uhodwÓulrv#gr#ZZI/# d#shjdgd#hfroÓjlfd#pxqgldo#hv0 wÁ# hp# 453(# gr# sodqhwd# xwlol}Á0 yho1# Lvwr# vljqlilfd# txh# d# kxpdqlgdgh# wrpd# hpsuhvwdgr# gd# qdwxuh}d/# wrgrv# rv# dqrv/# 53(# gh# uhfxuvrv# qdwxudlv# d# pdlv# gr# txh# rv# iox{rv# dqxdlv# gh# uhjhqhudÇÃr# qdwxudo# ghvvhv# uhfxuvrv1 Pdv/# sru# txh# qÃr# yhprv# hvwd# vlwxdÇÃrB# Sulphlur/# sru0 txh# hvwd# frqwdelolgdgh# shupd0 qhfh# ghvfrqkhflgd# h# r# txh# qÃr# É# frqwdelol}dgr/# vlpsohv0 phqwh# qÃr# frqwd1# DoÉp# glvvr/# hvwh# hqglylgdphqwr# qÃr# wud}# frqvhtxÊqfldv# d# fxuwr# sud}r1#

56


FROXQD# #FH]DU#WDXULRQ

########Dlqgd#h{lvwh#xpd# glfrwrpld#hqwuh#phlr#dpelhqwh#h# ghvhqyroylphqwr#hfrqÔplfr1#Hvwd# ylvÃr#fduwhvldqd/#hfrqrpld#gh#xp# odgr#h#phlr#dpelhqwh#gh#rxwur#É# wrwdophqwh#huuÔqhd1

H#srutxh#É#lpsruwdqwh#fr0 phÇduprv# d# xvdu# lqglfdgruhv# txh# lqfoxdp# phlr# dpelhqwh# hp# vhx# frqwhÚgrB# H{dwdphqwh# srutxh# suhflvdprv# gh# xpd# yl0 vÃr#kroÍvwlfd#gd#hfrqrpld/#frq0 vlghudqgr# txh# phlr# dpelhqwh# h# dv# suhrfxsdÇÕhv# dpelhqwdlv# qÃr#srghp#vhu#ljqrudgdv1#

©# xp# sureohpd# sdud# dv# ixwxudv# jhudÇÕhv111# Krmh# xpd# shvvrd# srgh# ilfdu# ulfd# ghvpdwdqgr# xpd# lphqvd# Áuhd# ioruhvwdo# sdud# fuldu#jdgr#h#vh#krxyhu#xp#sur0 eohpd# dpelhqwdo/# txhp# ydl# sd0 jdu#r#sdwr#vhuÃr#vhxv#qhwrv#rx# elvqhwrv/#txh#dlqgd#qhp#qdvfh0 udp111#H#hvwh#hqglylgdphqwr#dp0 elhqwdo# qÃr# dsduhfh# qrv# lqglfdgruhv#hfrqÔplfrv1

Suhflvdprv/#sruwdqwr/#px0 gdu# qrvvrv# vlvwhpdv# gh# ydor0 uhv1# Rv# lqglfdgruhv# h# d# ylvÃr# fduwhvldqd#txh#vhsdud#d#hfrqr0 pld# gr# phlr# dpelhqwh# ghyh# vhu# uhylvwr1# Fuldu# xpd# hfrhfr0 qrpld#txh#qruwhlh#qrvvr#fuhvfl0 phqwr# hfrqÔplfr# gh# irupd# vxvwhqwÁyho# vÓ# ydl# dfrqwhfhu# txdqgr# h# vh# # hvwd# uhlqylglfd0 yhx#xp#pÉwrgr#flhqwÍilfr#edvhd0 ÇÃr# iru# gr# frqmxqwr# gh# wrgd# d# gr# qr# gxdolvpr# gd# qdwxuh}d1# vrflhgdgh1# WL# Yhugh# id}# sduwh# Hqwuh# vhxv# hqvlqdphqwrv# sdud# ghvwh#prylphqwr#pdlru$ r# udflrfÍqlr# flhqwÍilfr# frorfrx# uhjudv# frpr# glylglu# rv# sureoh0 pdv# hp# vxdv# sduwhv# pdlv# vlp0 sohv# h# uhvroyhu# rv# sureohpdv# frphÇdqgr# shor# pdlv# vlpsohv# Sdud#pdlv#lqirupdÇÕhv= h#hyroxlqgr#sdud#r#pdlv#frpsoh0 Vlwh#Shjdgd#HfroÓjlfd {r1# kwws=22zzz1shjdgdhfrorjlfd1ruj1eu2

Dlqgd# h{lvwh# xpd# glfrwr0 pld# hqwuh# phlr# dpelhqwh# h# gh0 vhqyroylphqwr# hfrqÔplfr1# Hvwd# ylvÃr# fduwhvldqd/# hfrqr0 pld#gh#xp#odgr#h#phlr#dpelhq0 wh# gh# rxwur# É# wrwdophqwh# huuÔqhd1#

Srvwhulruphqwh/# Lvddf# Qhzwrq#frqvrolgrx#r#pÉwrgr#ud0 Duwljr#qd#ZlnlsÉgld#vreuh#SLE flrqdo# ghgxwlyr# gh# Ghvfduwhv# kwws=22sw1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2Surgxwrb# fuldqgr#rv#sulqfÍslrv#gd#phfÂql0 lqwhuqrbeuxwr fd1# D# sduwlu# ghvwhv# sulqfÍslrv# vxujlx##r#sdudgljpd#fduwhvldqr0 qhzwrqldqr1#

Sdud# hqwhqghuprv# r# sru0 txÊ# ghvwh# sdudgljpd# ghyhprv# yrowdu#qd#klvwÓuld#gd#qrvvd#vrfl0 hgdgh1#Xp#grv#judqghv#lqioxhq0 fldgruhv# gdv# flÊqfldv# irl# UhqÉ# Ghvfduwhv/#txh#hp#vhx#olyur#Uh0 jxodh# dg# Gluhfwlrqhp# Lqjhqll/# sxeolfdgr# hp# 495;/# ghvhqyro0

Hvwh#sdudgljpd#É#r#gluhfl0 rqdgru# gdv# flÊqfldv# rflghq0 wdlv1# Fdgd# fdpsr# flhqwÍilfr# ghyh# vhu# ylvwr# gh# irupd# lvrod0 gd1# Dvvlp/# phlr# dpelhqwh# É# fdpsr#gh#dwxdÇÃr#grv#dpelhq0 wdolvwdv1#Ghvhqyroylphqwr#h#sroÍ0 wlfdv# hfrqÔplfdv# É# r# fdpsr# gh#dwxdÇÃr#grv#hfrqrplvwdv1##

Fh}du#Wdxulrq

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

FH]DU#WDXULRQ#É# Jhuhqwh#gh#Qrydv# Whfqrorjldv#gd#LEP# Eudvlo1# Vhx#eorj#hvwÁ# glvsrqÍyho#hp zzz1lep1frp2ghyhor shuzrunv2eorjv2sdjh2 fwdxulrq

57


Iodylr#Wdnhprwr#0#v{f1kx

FROXQD# #UREHUWR#VDORPRQ

F³GLJR#YHUGH Sru#Urehuwr#Vdorprq

MÁ# rxyl# txh# %pdfkr# txh# É# pdfkr# surjud0 pd#hp#dvvhpeohu#frp#frs|#frq%1#QÃr#txhur#gl0 }hu# txh# hudp# erqv# dtxhohv# whpsrv# hp# txh# surjudpÁydprv# shqvdqgr# qdv# uhvwulÇÕhv# gdv# pÁtxlqdv#txh#luldp#h{hfxwdu#r#fÓgljr1#Srwhqwhv# surfhvvdgruhv#gh#;#elwv#urgdqgr#d#7PK}#id}ldp# d#ihvwd#gd#wxupd#txh#vh#yld#reuljdgd#d#id}hu#jl0 qÁvwlfd# sdud# urgdu# d# irokd# gh# sdjdphqwr# gh# xp# hvfulwÓulr# shtxhqr# hp# 7;# NE# gh# phpÓuld1# Lvvr# phvpr/# 7;# Nlore|whv$# Txhp# wlqkd# vruwh# srgld# frpsudu# dv# idprvdv# h{sdqvÕhv# gh# phpÓuld# txh# ohydydp# dtxhohv# frpsxwdgruhv# shvvrdlv# d# hvsdqwrvrv#45;NE#gh#phpÓuld1 D# suhrfxsdÇÃr# frp# d# pÁtxlqd# hud# xpd# frqvwdqwh1#VhuÁ#txh#r#frpsxwdgru#djxhqwdB#Vh0 uÁ#txh#qÃr#ydl#hvtxhqwduB#D#lpsuhvvrud#ydl#slidu# gh#qryrB#Shujxqwh#d#dojxÉp#pdlv#yhokr#h#suryd0 yhophqwh# yhuÁ# frqilupdgd# d# klvwÓuld# gh# fdehÇdv# gh#lpsuhvvÃr#gh#xpd#fhuwd#lpsuhvvrud#pdwulfldo# ixqglqgr# sru# frqwd# gd# ghpdqgd# gh# lpsuhvvÃr# gh# freudqÇdv# gh# frqgrpÍqlr# rx# gh# krohulwhv# gh# xp# rx# pdlv# hvfulwÓulrv1# Lvvr# txdqgr# r# suÓsulr# jdelqhwh# gd# lpsuhvvrud# qÃr# frphÇdyd# d# ghuuh0 whu1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

58


FROXQD# #UREHUWR#VDORPRQ

######Dr#shqvdu#hp# WL#Yhugh/#suhflvdprv/#vlp/# shqvdu#qr#vriwzduh1# Suhflvdprv#whu#fhuwh}d# txh#wrgdv#dtxhodv# lqvwuxÇÕhv#txh#hvwÃr# vhqgr#h{hfxwdgdv#vÃr# uhdophqwh#qhfhvvÁuldv#rx# vh#hvwdprv#dshqdv# txhlpdqgr#hohwulflgdgh# d#wrd1

ghylgr# d# xp# huur# gh# surjudpdÇÃr1# +MÁ# sdjxhl# shqlwÊqfld# h# yrowhl# d# orxydu# d# uhdol}dÇÃr# gh# whv0 whv1# Phvpr# txh# sdud# xp# %hvfulswl}lqkr%# txh# vÓ# hx#yrx#xvdu,1 ©# fodur# txh# sureohpdv# ghvvh# wlsr# qÃr# dfrqwhfhp# hp# wrgrv# rv# FSGv# rx# Gdwdfhqwhuv# frpr# jrvwdp# gh# fkdpÁ0orv# krmh# hp# gld1# Pdv# r# xvr#luuhvsrqvÁyho#gh#flforv#gh#FSX#sru#vriwzduh# vhp# rwlpl}dÇÃr# É# fhuwdphqwh# uhvsrqvÁyho# sru# erd#sduwh#gr#fdoru#jhudgr#qhvwhv#fhqwurv1#H#wdp0 eÉp# shor# frqvxpr# h{djhudgr# gh# hqhujld# hoÉwul0 fd# sdud# pdqwhu# hvwhv# surfhvvrv# dwlyrv# h# shod# uhiuljhudÇÃr#gr#du#qhfhvvÁuld#sdud#hylwdu#txh#wr0 gr#hvvh#lqyhvwlphqwr#ghuuhwd1

D#frqvrolgdÇÃr#gh#vhuylgruhv#h#d#yluwxdol}d0 ÇÃr# mÁ# qrv# shuplwhp# dsuryhlwdu# fdgd# yh}# pdlv# gd# fdsdflgdgh# gh# xpd# FSX1# Ghl{du# flforv# rflr0 vrv#qÃr#id}#pdlv#vhqwlgr#h#judÇdv#Àv#qrydv#whf0 qrorjldv/# xvdprv# sudwlfdphqwh# 433(# gh# fdgd# FSX# lqvwdodgd# hp# xp# gdwdfhqwhu1# Pdv# lvvr# wud}# xp# fxvwr# gh# uhiuljhudÇÃr# gr# dpelhqwh# txh# hvwÁ# gluhwdphqwh#uhodflrqdgr#dr#qÚphur#gh#FSXv#dwl0 Urehuwr#Vdorprq ydv#hp#xpd#ghwhuplqdgd#Áuhd1#Dlqgd#kÁ#pxlwr#d# rwlpl}du#hp#whuprv#gh#kdugzduh#h#gh#frqvrolgd0 ÇÃr1#Pdv/#mÁ#hvwÁ#qd#krud#gh#frphÇdu#d#rokdu#d# Krmh# hp# gld/# rv# qryrv# surjudpdgruhv# mÁ# rwlpl}dÇÃr#gh#vriwzduh#frpr#idwru#%yhugh%1 qÃr#whp#wdqwdv#uhvwulÇÕhv1#Sru#lvvr#phvpr#d#pr0 Dr# shqvdu# hp# WL# yhugh/# suhflvdprv# vlp/# Çdgd#fdsulfkd#qr#uhvxowdgr/#frqildqgr#txh#d#pÁ0 shqvdu# qr# vriwzduh1# Suhflvdprv# whu# fhuwh}d# gh# txlqd# luÁ# vxsulu# txdotxhu# ghilflÊqfld# gh# fÓgljr1# R# uhvxowdgr# hp# dojxqv# fdvrv# wrgrv# mÁ# yludp=# txh# wrgdv# dtxhodv# lqvwuxÇÕhv/# txh# hvwÃr# vhqgr# FSXv# hvtxhqwdqgr# h# txhlpdqgr# dv# shuqdv# grv# h{hfxwdgdv#vÃr#uhdophqwh#qhfhvvÁuldv/#rx#vh#hv0 grqrv# gh# qrwherrnv# txdqgr# dvvlwhp# dojxp# ilo0 wdprv# dshqdv# txhlpdqgr# +vh# vxd# hqhujld# iru# gh# whuphoÉwulfd,# hohwulflgdgh# À# wrd1# Qryrv# pdwhuldlv# ph#hp#whod#fkhld1 vÓ# yÃr# ohydu# À# uhgxÇÃr# gh# hqhujld# dwÉ# fhuwr# srq0 Rxwurv# vriwzduhv# wdpeÉp# hvtxhqwdp# ehp# wr1# D# sduwlu# gdÍ/# fdgd# judx# Fhovlxv# d# phqrv# whuÁ# d# FSX1# Rxwur# gld/# dr# shvtxlvdu# srutxh# r# phx# txh#ylu#gh#rxwudv#Áuhdv1#WhuÁ#txh#ylu#gr#vriwzduh1 vhuylgru#uhlqlfldol}dyd#gh#yh}#hp#txdqgr#hqfrq0 wuhl#d#fdxvd#hp#xp#oxjdu#txh#qÃr#hvshudyd=#kd0 yld# xp# vfulsw# qr# furq# txh# hqwudyd# hp# orrs# id}hqgr# d# FSX# lu# d# 433(# sru# txdvh# xpd# krud1# UREHUWR#VDORPRQ#É#dutxlwhwr#gh# vriwzduh#qd#LEP#h#yroxqwÁulr#gr#surmhwr# R#uhvxowdgr#hud#txh#ghsrlv#gh#dsdqkdu#ghvvh#mhl0 EuRiilfh1ruj1 wr/# r# zdwfkgrj# sdudqrlfr# gd# sodfd0pÃh# ghvoljd0 yd# r# frpsxwdgru# +wxgr# ehp# txh# r# yhqwlodgru# wdpeÉp# hvwdyd# xp# wdqwr# r# txdqwr# vxmr/# pdv# lv0 vr#É#rxwud#klvwÓuld,1#R#yhuhglwrB#R#vhuylgru#ghvol0 jdyd# srutxh# vxshudtxhfld# h# vxshudtxhfld#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

59


FDSD# #HQWUHYLVWD#FRP#NLUN#Z1#FDPHURQ

Hqwuhylvwd#frp# Nlun#Z1#Fdphurq/# fuldgru#gr# Judqrod Sru#MrÃr#Ihuqdqgr#Frvwd#MÚqlru

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh=#RoÁ#Nlun1#Vh#dsuh0 vhqwh#sdud#r#shvvrdo1 Nlun#Z1#Fdphurq=#Phx#qrph#É#Nlun#Z1#Fd0 phurq1# Vrx# FHR# gd# PlvhuZduh/# fuldgrud# gr# vriwzduh# Judqrod# +kwws=22judqr1od,1# WdpeÉp# vrx# surihvvru# gh# FlÊqfldv# gd# FrpsxwdÇÃr# qd# Ylujl0 qld#Whfk/#rqgh#frqgx}r#shvtxlvdv#hp#Frpsxwd0 ÇÃr# Yhugh# h# ohflrqr# hp# fxuvrv# gh# vlvwhpdv# gh# frpsxwdgruhv1#D#PlvhuZduh#h#d#Ylujlqld#Whfk#il0 fdp# hp# Eodfnvexuj/# YD/# pdlv# rx# phqrv# d# 733# np#d#vxgrhvwh#gh#Zdvklqjwrq/#GF/#qrv#HXD1 UHO=#Frpr#irl#txh#vh#lqlflrx#r#surmhwr/# dojxpd#qhfhvvlgdgh#shvvrdoB NZF=#Hx#whqkr#ihlwr#shvtxlvdv#qd#Áuhd#gh# FrpsxwdÇÃr# Yhugh# kÁ# txdvh# xpd# gÉfdgd1# Fr0 phÇdprv# whqwdqgr# hvfuhyhu# vriwzduh# sdud# ph0 okrudu# d# hilflÊqfld# hqhujÉwlfd# gh# vxshufrpsxwdgruhv#gh#dowr#ghvhpshqkr1#OÁ#sh0 or# dqr# gh# 5335/# fkhjdprv# À# frqfoxvÃr# gh# txh# srghuÍdprv# fuldu# vriwzduhv# sdud# hfrqrpl}du# hqhujld# hp# sudwlfdphqwh# txdotxhu# frpsxwdgru# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

5:


FDSD# #HQWUHYLVWD#FRP#NLUN#Z1#FDPHURQ

vhp#glplqxlu#r#ghvhpshqkr#gr#vlvwhpd1#Ghsrlv# gh# 8# dqrv# gh# shvtxlvdv/# qrvvr# wudedokr# frph0 Çrx#d#vhu#qrwdgr#sru#yÁuldv#shvvrdv/#r#txh#qrv# lqfhqwlyrx# d# exvfdu# sru# lqyhvwlphqwrv# h# fuldu# xpd#hpsuhvd#sdud#hvfuhyhu#yhuvÕhv#gh#qÍyho#fr0 phufldo# gr# qrvvr# vriwzduh# sdud# gdwdfhqwhuv1# QÃr# pxlwr# ghsrlv# gh# whuprv# lqlfldgr# dv# rshud0 ÇÕhv# hp# 533:/# frphÇdprv# d# xwlol}du# r# vriwzduh# hp#qrvvrv#suÓsulrv#vlvwhpdv#sdud#whvwh#h/#hyhq0 wxdophqwh/#dxphqwdu#r#whpsr#gh#ylgd#gdv#edwhul0 dv# gh# qrvvrv# frpsxwdgruhv# h# uhgx}lu# r# jdvwr# gh#hqhujld1#Udslgdphqwh/#shufhehprv#txh#dpd0 uÍdprv#r#prgr#frpr#r#Judqrod#urgd#hp#vhjxq0 gr# sodqr# vhp# qrv# deruuhfhu# frpr# r# jhuhqfldphqwr#gh#hqhujld#sdguÃr#gr#Zlqgrzv#h# gr# Olqx{1# HqwÃr# shqvdprv# txh# rxwudv# shvvrdv# srghuldp# jrvwdu# wdpeÉp/# h# ghflglprv# frorfdu# dv# ixwxudv# yhuvÕhv# gr# qrvvr# vriwzduh# qdv# pÃrv# gr# pdlru# qÚphur# gh# shvvrdv# srvvÍyho1# Ghsrlv# gh# olehudu# yhuvÕhv# lqlfldlv# gr# vriwzduh# qxpd# vÉ0 ulh# gh# ehwdv# ihfkdgrv# sdud# dojxpdv# fhqwhqdv# gh#shvvrdv/#qr#Gld#gd#Whuud#gh#5343/#olehudprv# r#Judqrod#513#txh#hud#xpd#yhuvÃr#wrwdophqwh#whv0 wdgd#gr#vriwzduh#frp#xp#qrph#h#xpd#olqwhuidfh# ohjdlv1# Uhfhqwhphqwh# olehudprv# wdpeÉp# r# Jud0 qrod#6131

WLCKrph# 00# pxlwdv# shvvrdv# wudedokdqgr# hp# frqmxqwr# sdud# xp# judqgh# ehqhiÍflr1# Sru# lvvr# txhuÍdprv#xp#qrph#txh#lqvsludvvh#d#frpxqlgd0 gh1#R#qrph#Judqrod#vxujlx#ehp#fhgr1#Hx#vxjhul# txh#suhflvÁydprv#gh#dojxpd#frlvd#txh#irvvh#uh0 frqkhflgd# shod# srsxodÇÃr# yhugh/# h# phx# fr0ixq0 gdgru# +Mrvhsk# Wxuqhu,# vxjhulx# ulqgr# %Judqrod%1# Hx# mÁ# ld# rokdu# qr# glflrqÁulr# txdqgr# hoh# glvvh=# %Xp# dgmhwlyr# xvdgr# sdud# ghvfuhyhu# dv# shvvrdv# txh# vÃr# dpelhqwdophqwh# frqvflhqwhv111%# HqwÃr/# shqvhl# txh# hud# xpd# erd# vdfdgd/# pdv# txhuld# pdlv# dojxp# uhwruqr1# Rxwdv# shvvrdv# shqvdudp# txh#srghuld#vhu#pxlwr#qhjdwlyr/#rx#whu#xpd#frqr0 wdÇÃr# pxlwr# dqwl0frphufldo1# WdpeÉp# txhuÍdprv# yhulilfdu#vh#r#grpÍqlr#judqro1frp#hvwdyd#glvsrqÍ0

UHO=# ©# suryÁyho# txh# pxlwrv# mÁ# whqkdp# shujxqwdgr#lvvr/#pdv#srutxh#r#qrph#%Judqr0 od%B#Txhp#whyh#d#lghld#gh#xvdu#hvwh#qrphB NZF=# R# vriwzduh# irl# edwl}dgr# ruljlqdophq0 wh# gh# %PlfurPlvhu%# srutxh# dfkÁydprv# txh# hud# xpd# %shtxhqd%# ihuudphqwd# sdud# hfrqrpl}du# hqhujld# gh# xpd# pdqhlud# plvhuÁyho1# Pdv/# txdq0 gr#ghflglprv#ghglfdu#whpsr#sdud#fuldu#xpd#yhu0 vÃr# frp# xpd# lqwhuidfh# ohjdo# txh# irvvh# uhdophqwh#xp#surgxwr#sdud#r#frqvxplgru/#vdeÍd0 prv# txh# suhflvduÍdprv# gh# xp# qryr# qrph# h# xpd# qryd# pdufd# txh# uhiohwlvvhp# phokru# r# txh# hvwÁydprv# whqwdqgr# id}hu1#D# ud}Ãr# sulqflsdo# sd0 ud#d#fuldÇÃr#gr#Judqrod#hud#frorfdu#r#txh#shqvÁ0 ydprv# vhu# xpd# whfqrorjld# qryd# h# dwudhqwh# qdv# pÃrv#gdv#pdvvdv#gh#irupd#d#hfrqrpl}du#r#pÁ{l0 pr# gh# hqhujld# txh# sxgÉvvhprv1# 00# qd# yhugdgh/# qrvvr# prghor# suhihulgr# hud# r# gr# surmhwr# VH0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Iljxud#41#Whod#gr#surjudpd

5;


FDSD# #HQWUHYLVWD#FRP#NLUN#Z1#FDPHURQ

yho/#h#qÃr#hvwdyd/#h#lvvr#ihulx#edvwdqwh#hvvh#fd0 vr1# HqwÃr# wdexodprv# r# sureohpd/# il}hprv# uhx0 qlÕhv# h# xp# prqwh# gh# rxwurv# qrphv# txh# hudp# pdlv# frphufldlv# h# wlqkdp# grpÍqlrv# glvsrqÍyhlv# dsduhfhudp1#DÍ# ghl{dprv# d# txhvwÃr# sdudgd# sru# xpd#vhpdqd#pdlv#rx#phqrv111#dÍ#wlyhprv#gh#gh0 flglu/#mÁ#txh#suhflvÁydprv#whuplqdu#d#lqwhuidfh#dq0 whv# gr# Gld# gd# Whuud1# HqwÃr/# vhqwdprv# sdud# ilqdophqwh# ghflglu# h# dojxÉp# wurx{h# r# qrph# Jud0 qrod# gh# yrowd# h# dv# phvpdv# txhvwÕhv# dsduhfh0 udp/# lqfoxlqgr# d# txhvwÃr# gr# qrph# gr# grpÍqlr1# Hx# dfkr# txh# vxjhul# +pdv# srgh# whu# vlgr# r# Mr0 vhsk,# txh# srghuÍdprv# id}hu# dojr# ohjdo# frpr# gho1lflr1xv# h/# gh# uhshqwh/# rxwur# fr0ixqgdgru/# Pdw# Juryh/#frphÇrx#d#surfxudu#shorv#qrphv#gh#gr0 pÍqlr#1od#sdud#yhu#vh#gduld#fhuwr1#Hoh#glvvh#txh#r# grpÍqlr#shuwhqfld#dr#Odrv/#pdv#hohv#kdyldp#yhq0 glgr# sdud# d# flgdgh# gh# Orv#Dqjhohv# txh# srghuld# yhqghu# rv# grpÍqlrv# phgldqwh# xpd# wd{d1# HqwÃr/# lphgldwdphqwh# frpsudprv# r# qrph# gh# grpÍqlr# h# ghflglprv# txh# iduÍdprv# r# pÁ{lpr# sdud# h{sol0 fdu#r#qrph#sdud#rv#lqyhvwlgruhv1#Hvvd#É#d#klvwÓ0 uld#gr#qrph#Judqrod1

dp# ixqflrqdu/# h# hvvh# É# r# wlsr# gh# surgxwr# txh# txhuÍdprv# fuldu1# R# fuhvflphqwr# gh# qrvvd# edvh# gh# xvxÁulrv# sduhfh# lqglfdu# txh# rxwudv# shvvrdv# wÊp# r# phvpr# qÍyho# gh# iuxvwudÇÃr# frp# dv# ihuud0 phqwdv#gh#jhuhqfldphqwr#gh#hqhujld1 UHO=# Dwxdophqwh# r# surmhwr# É# pdqwlgr# sru#txdlv#shvvrdvB NZF=# Vrprv# xpd# shtxhqd# hpsuhvd# sulyd0 gd# frp# phqrv# gh# 43# ghvhqyroyhgruhv1# Mrvhsk# Wxuqhu# h# hx# ghvhqyroyhprv# dojr# gd# sursulhgdgh# lqwhohfwxdo# xwlol}dgd# qr# Judqrod# txdqgr# hvwÁyd0 prv#qd#Ylujlqld#Whfk#h#ixqgdprv#d#hpsuhvd#sdud# srghu# hvfuhyhu# yhuvÕhv# frphufldlv# gr# qrvvr# vriwzduh1# Mrvhsk# olghud# d# htxlsh# gh# ghvhqyroyh0 gruhv#h#É#uhvsrqvÁyho#shor#ghvhqkr#h#lpsohphq0 wdÇÃr#gh#wrgr#r#qrvvr#vriwzduh1#Hx#vrx#FHR#h#qr# ghvhqyroylphqwr# gr# surgxwr# dwxr# frpr# FWR/# dmxvwdqgr# d# ylvÃr# hvwudwÉjlfd# gd# hpsuhvd# h# vhxv# surgxwrv# h# ghvhpshqkdqgr# wrgdv# dv# ixqÇÕhv# gh# qhjÓflrv#h#dwlylgdghv#rshudflrqdlv1

UHO=#Txdo#r#prghor#gh#olfhqÇd#xwlol}dgr# UHO=# Txdo# d# sulqflsdo# ixqÇÃr# gr# Judqr0 qr#Judqrod#h#srutxh#hvfrokhx#xwlol}Á0orB od# h# hp# txh# vlwxdÇÕhv# hoh# srgh# rx# ghyh# vhu# NZF=#R#Judqrod#É#olyuh1#Qrvvd#phwd#É#fr0 xvdgrB orfÁ0or#qdv#pÃrv#gd#pdlru#txdqwlgdgh#gh#shvvr0 NZF=#D#pdlruld#gdv#ihuudphqwdv#gh#jhuhqfl0 dv# srvvÍyho# sdud# r# ehp# pdlru1# Sruwdqwr/# dphqwr# gh# hqhujld# vÃr# ghvhqyroylgdv# sdud# r# shqvdprv#txh#wruqdqgr0r#olyuh#hud#d#phokru#pd0 xvr# pdqxdo1# Dmxvwdu# r# prqlwru# sdud# ghvoljdu# qhlud# gh# frqvhjxlu# lvvr1# Ghsrlv# gd# yhuvÃr# lqlfl0 dsÓv#8#plqxwrv#gh#lqdwlylgdgh#É#xp#h{hpsor1#Lv0 do/# hpsuhvdv# frphÇdudp# d# qrv# frqwdwdu# sdud# vr#É#r#txh#hx#rghlr#qr#jhuhqfldphqwr#gh#hqhu0 xwlol}du# r# vriwzduh1# Hohv# wdpeÉp# txhuldp# udvwuh0 jld1# H{ljh# txh# r# xvxÁulr# dglylqkh# dv# du# d# hfrqrpld# gh# hqhujld# hp# vxdv# rujdql}d0 frqiljxudÇÕhv1# H# vh# r# prgr# gh# xvdu# pxgd/# r# ÇÕhv1# Frp# r# Judqrod# 613# +kwws=22judqr1od,/# xvxÁulr#whp#gh#pxgdu#pdqxdophqwh#dv#frqiljxud0 shuplwlprv#txh#txdotxhu#xvxÁulr#prqlwruh#judwxl0 ÇÕhv1#Judqrod#É#xp#surjudpd#txh#dxwrpdwl}d#r# wdphqwh#dwÉ#8#pÁtxlqdv#frp#xpd#frqwd#judwxlwd# jhuhqfldphqwr# ghvvh# wlsr# gh# frqiljxudÇÕhv/# gh# +kwwsv=22judqr1od2lqgh{1sksBvljqxs,1# DoÉp# ghv0 pdqhlud#txh#yrfÊ#whqkd#r#ghvhpshqkr#txh#suh0 vdv# 8# pÁtxlqdv/# shglprv# txh# rv# xvxÁulrv# sd0 flvd/# txdqgr# suhflvd1# Xpd# yh}# txh# yrfÊ# pxgd# jxhp#xpd#wd{d#gh#olfhqfldphqwr#sdud#pÁtxlqdv# d# pdqhlud# gh# xvdu# r# vlvwhpd/# r# Judqrod# dgdswd# dglflrqdlv1#R#fxvwr#dwxdo#sru#pÁtxlqd#É#gh#;#gÓ0 h#pxgd#r#jhuhqfldphqwr#gh#hqhujld1#D#Úqlfd#lqwh0 oduhv/# pdv# rihuhfhprv# yÁulrv# wlsrv# gh# ghvfrq0 udÇÃr# qhfhvvÁuld# sdud# r# xvxÁulr# É# oljÁ0or# h# ghl0 wrv# vh# yrfÊ# qr# hqyldu# xp# h0pdlo# sdud# {Á0or# id}hu# vhx# wudedokr1# Hvvd# É# d# pdqhlud# txh# vdohvCplvhuzduh1frp1# Dxphqwdu# r# qÚphur# gh# hx#dfkr#txh#rv#jhuhqfldgruhv#gh#hqhujld#ghyhul0 folhqwhv# frusrudwlyrv# qrv# dmxgduÁ# d# pdqwhu# r#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

5<


FDSD# #HQWUHYLVWD#FRP#NLUN#Z1#FDPHURQ

UHO=#H{lvwh#dojr#sdud#vhu#lpsohphqwdgr# Judqrod# judwxlwr# qr# ixwxur1# WdpeÉp# lqfhqwlyd0 prv# dv# shvvrdv# d# grdu# uhfxuvrv# sdud# r# surmhwr# rx# txh# hvwÁ# qrv# sodqrv# gd# htxlsh# gh# ghvhq0 yroylphqwr/#pdv#txh#sru#dojxpd#ud}Ãr#dlqgd# Judqrod#+kwws=22judqr1od2frppxqlw|2lpsdfw1sks,1 UHO=# Txdo# r# hvwdgr# dwxdo# gr# surmhwrB# qÃr#irl#ihlwrB Txdlv#rv#sodqrv#sdud#r#ixwxurB

NZF=#D# yhuvÃr# dwxdo# dsolfd# qrvvd# whfqror0 jld/#dlqgd#frp#d#sdwhqwh#shqghqwh/#dr#surfhvvd0 gru1# Wlyhprv# pxlwr# wudedokr# hp# jhuhqfldu# r# frqvxpr#gh#srwÊqfld#hp#rxwurv#glvsrvlwlyrv/#fr0 pr#glvfrv/#phpÓuld/#hvwdgrv#gr#vlvwhpd/#hwf1#Do0 jxpdv# whfqrorjldv# hphujhqwhv# qÃr# vÃr# hvwÁyhlv# r# vxilflhqwh# sdud# vhuhp# xwlol}dgdv# fr0 phufldophqwh# hp# vriwzduhv# gh# jhuhqfldphqwr# gh# hqhujld/# frpr# dfhohudÇÃr# gh# phpÓuld1# Rx0 wudv/# frpr# r# jhuhqfldphqwr# gh# srwÊqfld# gr# glv0 fr/# yrfÊ# srgh# hvshudu# yhu# hp# yhuvÕhv# ixwxudv# gr#qrvvr#vriwzduh1

NZF=#QÓv#xowudsdvvdprv#rv#433#plo#grzqor0 dgv#hp#433#gldv#dsÓv#d#olehudÇÃr/#xp#judqgh#pdu0 fr# sdud# qÓv1# QÓv# sodqhmdprv# dglflrqdu# dojxpdv# ixqflrqdolgdghv# lpsruwdqwhv# qdv# suÓ{lpdv# yhu0 vÕhv/#pdv#lvvr#É#xp#vhjuhgr#wrwdo#>0,#YrfÊ#ydl#suh0 flvdu# ilfdu# oljdgr# qr# judqr1od# sdud# ghvfreulu# =0,# R# txh#hx#srvvr#gl}hu#É#txh#dv#qrydv#yhuvÕhv#sursru0 flrqduÃr# ixqflrqdolgdghv# txh# rv# xvxÁulrv# shgl0 udp# 00# sruwdqwr/# frqwlqxhp# pdqgdqgr# vxdv# vxjhvwÕhv$# Gd# phvpd# irupd/# wuduhprv# sdud# yr0 fÊv# qrydv# ixqflrqdolgdghv# txh# hfrqrpl}duÃr# pdlv# hqhujld/# dr# phvpr# whpsr# vhp# lpsdfwr# qd# glvsrqlelolgdgh#gr#vlvwhpd/#qr#whpsr#gh#uhvsrvwd/# UHO=#YrfÊ#dfuhglwd#txh#r#xvr#uhjxodu#gr# hwf1 Judqrod# qr# vlvwhpd# rshudflrqdo# fdxvd# xpd# pxgdqÇd# vxevwdqfldo# d# fxuwr/# pÉglr# rx# orq0 jr#sud}rB#Lvwr#vh#wruqd#ylvÍyho#h#wudqvsduhqwh# sdud#r#xvxÁulr/#hvwd#txhvwÃr#gr#frqvxprB

##############R#Judqrod#É# ghvhqyroylgr#sdud#urgdu# vhp#txh#r#xvxÁulr# shufhed1#YrfÊ#qÃr#ghyhuÁ# qhp#vdehu#txh#hoh#hvwÁ#oÁ/# d#qÃr#vhu#txh#txhlud#vdehu# vreuh#rv#ehqhiÍflrv#gd# hfrqrpld#gh#hqhujld/#rx# revhuydu#d#lqwhuidfh#sdud# vdehu#r#txdqwr#hfrqrpl}rx# gh#hqhujld1 Nlun#Z1#Fdphurq

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

NZF=# R# Judqrod# É# ghvhqyroylgr# sdud# ur0 gdu#vhp#txh#r#xvxÁulr#shufhed1#YrfÊ#qÃr#ghyh0 uld# qhp# vdehu# txh# hoh# hvwÁ# oÁ/# d# qÃr# vhu# txh# txhlud# vdehu# vreuh# rv# ehqhiÍflrv# gd# hfrqrpld# gh#hqhujld/#rx#revhuydu#d#lqwhuidfh#sdud#vdehu#r# txdqwr# hfrqrpl}rx# gh# hqhujld1# R# Judqrod# xwlol0 }d#dv#fdsdflgdghv#mÁ#suhvhqwhv#qr#vlvwhpd/#dsh0 qdv# dv# xwlol}d# gh# xpd# pdqhlud# pdlv# lqwholjhqwh1# Sruwdqwr# qÃr# ghyhuÃr# dfrqwhfhu# hihlwrv# frodwh0 udlv#d#fxuwr#rx#orqjr#sud}rv1#R#Judqrod#hvwlpd#d# hfrqrpld# gh# hqhujld# h# prvwud# qd# lqwhuidfh# gr# xvxÁulr/# rx# yrfÊ# srgh# ylvxdol}du# qd# vxd# frqwd# qr# vlwh/# vh# yrfÊ# wlyhu# pdlv# gh# xpd# pÁtxlqd# +kwwsv=22judqr1od2lqgh{1sksBvljqxs,1 UHO=# Frpr# r# Judqrod# É# ghvhqyroylgrB# Txdo#rx#txdlv#olqjxdjhqv#vÃr#hpsuhjdgdvB NZF=#R#Judqrod#irl#hvfulwr/#d#sulqfÍslr/#hp# F2F..# frp# xpd# erd# grvh# gh# S|wkrq1# Pxlwr# gr# qrvvr#sruwdo#irl#hvfulwr#hp#SKS1#R#qÚfohr#gr#sur0 gxwr# irl# ghvhqyroylgr# ruljlqdophqwh# sdud# vlvwh0

63


FDSD# #HQWUHYLVWD#FRP#NLUN#Z1#FDPHURQ

pdv#Olqx{/#h#djrud#urgd#hp#Zlqgrzv#:/#[S/#Vhu0 yhu#5336#h#Vhuyhu#533;1 UHO=# Frpr# dv# shvvrdv# srghp# dmxgdu# frp#r#ghvhqyroylphqwr#gd#ihuudphqwdB NZF=#D#phokru#pdqhlud#É#edl{du#+kwws=22jud0 qr1od,#h#uhjlvwudu#r#Judqrod#hp#wrgrv#rv#vhxv#vlv0 whpdv# +kwwsv=22judqr1od2lqgh{1sksBvljqxs,/# h# hqwÃr# gl}hu# drv# vhxv# dpljrv# sdud# id}huhp# r# phvpr1#Vh#yrfÊ#wudedokd#hp#xpd#hpsuhvd/#whq0 wh#id}hu#frp#txh#hod#urgh#r#judqrod#hp#wrgdv#dv# pÁtxlqdv# h# frpsuh# dv# olfhqÇdv# frphufldlv# rqol0 qh1#Lvvr#qrv#dmxgduÁ#d#pdqwÊ0or#judwxlwr1 UHO=# R# Judqrod# whp# oljdÇÃr# lqfoxvlyh# frp#dv#uhghv#vrfldlv1#Txdo#d#ud}Ãr#gh#wdo#ixq0 flrqdolgdghB NZF=# Wrgrv# vrprv# xvxÁulrv# gr# Wzlwwhu# h# gr#Idfherrn#h#txhuhprv#idflolwdu#sdud#dv#shvvr0 dv# frpsduwlokduhp# r# Judqrod# frp# vhxv# dpljrv/# frpr#qÓv#id}hprv1#WdpeÉp#srghprv#gl}hu#txh# kdyhuÃr# pxgdqÇdv# gudpÁwlfdv# qr# qrvvr# vxsru0 wh# sdud# uhghv# vrfldlv# pxlwr# hp# euhyh1# Sruwdqwr/# hvshur#txh#vhxv#ohlwruhv#edl{hp#+kwws=22judqr1od,# h# uhjlvwuhp# r# Judqrod# hp# wrgrv# rv# vhxv# vlvwh0 pdv# +kwwsv=22judqr1od2lqgh{1sksBvljqxs,# sdud# sr0 ghuhp# vh# ehqhilfldu# gdv# ixqflrqdolgdghv# txh# hvwÃr#sud#fkhjdu1 UHO=# Pxlwr# vh# whp# idodgr# vreuh# hfrqr0 pld#gh#hqhujld#h#phokruhv#irupdv#gh#jhuhqfl0 dphqwr# h# xvr# gh# hqhujld1# Qd# vxd# rslqlÃr/# txdo#r#lpsdfwr#glvvr#wxgr#qd#whfqrorjldB

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

NZF=#Hx#vrx#wrwdophqwh#idyruÁyho#d#qrydv# whfqrorjldv#txh#dxphqwhp#d#hilflÊqfld#hqhujÉwl0 fd# h# glplqxdp# qrvvd# ghshqgÊqfld# gr# shwuÓohr1# Shor# odgr# gd# ghpdqgd/# hx# dfkr# txh# lvvr# vhp0 suh# dmxgd# d# glplqxlu# r# ghvshugÍflr# gh# hqhujld# 00# txh#É#r#txh#r#Judqrod#id}#pxlwr#ehp1#Xpd#yh}# txh# r# Judqrod# É# xp# grv# sulphlurv/# hx# vxvshlwr# txh# qÃr# vhuÁ# r# Úowlpr# surgxwr# gh# hilflÊqfld# gh# hqhujld#sdud#glvsrvlwlyrv#gh#WL1#WdpeÉp#dmxgd#d# qrvvd# lqgÚvwuld# hvwdu# phokrudqgr# d# phglÇÃr# gh# txdqwd#hqhujld#xvdprv/#r#txh/#sru#vxd#yh}/#wru0 qd# pdlv# iÁflo# dydoldu# qrydv# whfqrorjldv1# Txdqwr# dr#iruqhflphqwr#gh#hqhujld/#d#whfqrorjld#É#lphq0 vdphqwh#lpsruwdqwh#sdud#dmxgdu#d#lghqwlilfdu#qr0 ydv# irqwhv# gh# hqhujld# h# qrydv# wÉfqlfdv# sdud# ghulydgrv#gh#frpexvwÍyhlv#rx#qd#xwlol}dÇÃr#pdlv# hilflhqwh# gh# frpexvwÍyho1# Sruwdqwr/# hx# qÃr# dfkr# txh#dv#gxdv#frlvdv#vhmdp#lvrodgdv1#D#whfqrorjld# h#d#phokruld#qrv#wlsrv#gh#hqhujld#txh#xwlol}dprv# h# d# pdqhlud# frpr# dv# xwlol}dprv# vÃr# lqglvvrflÁ0 yhlv1 UHO=# Djudghfhprv# d# vxd# sduwlflsdÇÃr# qhvwd# hqwuhylvwd1# Ghl{h# dojxpdv# sdodyudv# il0 qdlv#sdud#rv#ohlwruhv#gd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh1 NZF=# Hx# jrvwduld# gh# gl}hu# txh# xpd# gdv# frlvdv# pdlv# judwlilfdqwhv# gr# ghvhqyroylphqwr# h# olehudÇÃr#gh#xp#surgxwr#frpr#r#Judqrod#whp#vl0 gr# d# dwhqÇÃr# h# r# vxsruwh# lqwhuqdflrqdo1# Irprv# vxusuhhqglgrv#shor#wdpdqkr#dsrlr#gh#yÁulrv#sdÍ0 vhv#gr#pxqgr#wrgr1#Lvvr#qrv#wruqrx#pxlwr#iruwhv# qd#Hxursd#h#DpÉulfd#gr#Vxo1#Txhp#gluldB$

64


Eloo|#Doh{dqghu#0#v{f1kx

FDSD# #WL#YHUGH=#PHLR#DPELHQWH#RX#PHUFDGR

WL#Yhugh=#Phlr#Dpelhqwh#rx# Phufdgr Sru#\xul#Dophlgd

Dwxdophqwh/# whpdv# frpr# hvfdvvh}# gh# Ájxd# srwÁyho/# dp0 soldÇÃr# gdv# Áuhdv# ghvÉuwlfdv/# sroxlÇÃr# gr# du/# vh# wruqdp# fdgd# yh}# pdlv# suhvhqwhv# qr# qrvvr# gld0d0gld1# Vrprv# iruÇdgrv# d# shufhehu# txh# ylyhprv# hp# xp# sodqhwd# ilqlwr/# h# txh# qÃr# srgh0 prv# vlpsohvphqwh# ljqrudu# hvwh# idwr#h#vhjxluprv#frp#qrvvr#pr0 gr#gh#ylgd#dwxdo1#Frp#lvvr/#sdv0 vdprv# d# wruqdu# d# surgxÇÃr# h# r# frqvxpr# # dÇÕhv# dwudyÉv# gdv# txdlv# gdprv# vhqwlgr# d# lqÚph0 udv#suÁwlfdv#hp#qrvvdv#ylgdv1

glÇÕhv# gh# vreuhylyÊqfld# h# sulqflsdophqwh# frqiruwr# gr# vhu# kxpdqr/# qr# hqwdqwr/# d# ghjud0 gdÇÃr# gr# phlr# dpelhqwh# vhp0 suh# hylghqflrx# rv# hihlwrv# frodwhudlv# fdxvdgrv# sru# hvwdv# hvfrokdv/# txh/# dghpdlv/# dwlq0 jhp# gh# pdqhlud# ghvljxdo# dv# vrflhgdghv#kxpdqdv1

Qrv#dqrv#93#h#:3/#lqlflrx0 vh#xpd#vÉulh#gh#glvfxvvÕhv#vr0 euh# rv# %olplwhv# gr# fuhvflphq0 wr%/# hp# juxsrv# frpr# r# PLW# +Pdvvdfkxvvhwv# Lqvwlwxwh# ri# Whfkqrorj|,1# DwÉ# hqwÃr/# ylvdq0 Sru#xp#orqjr#whpsr/#r#gr0 gr# r# surjuhvvr# whfqroÓjlfr# fr0 pÍqlr# gd# wÉfqlfd# irl# vlqÔqlpr# pr# xpd# phglgd# sdoldwlyd/# gh# grpÍqlr# gd# qdwxuh}d/# vhp0 fdsd}# gh# dphql}du# vlqwrpdv/# suh#irfdqgr#d#phokruld#gdv#frq0 pdv# lqfdsd}# gh# dwxdu# qd# udl}#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

65


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH=#PHLR#DPELHQWH#RX#PHUFDGR

gr# sureohpd/# h# dvvlp# ghvyldu# ghvfduwdgrv#gh#pdqhlud#lqfruuh0 qrvvd# dwhqÇÃr# gdv# uhdlv# fdx0 wd#srghp#frqwdplqdu#r#vror#rx# rv#ohqÇÓlv#iuhÁwlfrv1#Lqflqhudu#wr0 vdv1# Orjr/# d# whfqrorjld# sdvvd# gr# hvvh# ol{r# wdpeÉp# qÃr# É# d# vhu# frqvlghudgd# xp# grv# xpd# erd# vdÍgd/# srlv# rv# jdvhv# lwhqv# pdlv# uhohydqwhv# sdud# d# holplqdgrv# qd# lqflqhudÇÃr# vÃr# dqÁolvh#gr#lpsdfwr#gr#ghvhqyro0 dowdphqwh# wÓ{lfrv# h# fdqfhuÍjh0 ylphqwr# hfrqÔplfr# vreuh# r# qrv1#Lvvr#vhp#frqwdu#r#ol{r#hoh0 phlr#dpelhqwh1#Qhvwd#Ésrfd#do0 wuÔqlfr/# d# ideulfdÇÃr# ghvvhv# jxqv# hvwxglrvrv# 0# Udfkho# Fdu0 htxlsdphqwrv# wdpeÉp# É# xp# vrq/# Grqhood# Phdgrzv/# DpÍofdu# Khuuhud/# hqwuh# rxwurv# 0# sdvvdudp# d# txhvwlrqdu# r# ghvhqyroyl0 phqwr# whfqroÓjlfr# h# r# fdslwdolvpr# lqgxvwuldo1# Frp# lvvr/# sdvvdp# d# gdu# pdujhqv#d#shujxqwdv#fr0 pr=# vhuld# d# whfqrorjld# d# fdxvd# rx# d# vroxÇÃr# sd0 ud# d# sureohpÁwlfd# dpel0 hqwdoB#

pdlv# dlqgd# qd# lqvhuÇÃr# gh# rx0 wudv# whfqrorjldv# fdsd}hv# gh# dwxduhp# qr# ilqdo# gr# surfhvvr/# frpr#phlr#gh#uhgx}lu#rx#uhyhu0 whu#gdqrv1 D# Áuhd# gh# Whfqrorjld# gh# LqirupdÇÃr#0#WL#hpedufd#qhvvd# rqgd# gh# phufdgr# hfrorjlfd0 phqwh# fruuhwr/# uhlqyhqwdqgr0 vh# frpr# WL# yhugh$# Vxujh# phlr# d#hvvh#wxuelokÃr#gh#lqiru0 pdÇÕhv# h# lqfhuwh}dv/# txhvwlrqdqgr# d# xwlol}d0 ÇÃr# gh# pdwÉuldv0sulpdv# phqrv# wÓ{lfdv/# xwlol}dq0 gr# surgxwrv# txh# frqvx0 pdp# phqrv# hqhujld/# surgx}lqgr# surgxwrv# ph0 qrv# ghvfduwÁyhlv/# doÉp# gh# vh# suhrfxsdu# frp# r# ghvwlqdÇÃr# h# r# lpsdfwr# dpelhqwdo# ghvwhv# uhvÍgx0 rv# hohwuÔqlfrv# qr# phlr# dpelhqwh1# D# judqgh# dgh0 vÃr# gdv# hpsuhvdv# gh# whfqrorjld# qhvvh# udpr/# vh# ghyh# dr# idwr# gh# txh# uhgx}lu# uhfxuvrv# h# jdv0 wrv# hqhujÉwlfrv/# doÉp# gh# fxpsulu# frp# hvshflilfd0 ÇÕhv# jryhuqdphqwdlv/# wdpeÉp# É# vlqÔqlpr# gh# pdlruhv# oxfurv# frp# d# yhqgd# gh# surgxwrv# %yhu0 ghv%$

##############Sru#xp#orqjr# whpsr#r#grpÍqlr#gd# wÉfqlfd#irl#vlqÔqlpr#gh# grpÍqlr#gd#qdwxuh}d/# vhpsuh#irfdqgr#d# phokruld#gdv#frqglÇÕhv#gh# vreuhylyÊqfld#h# sulqflsdophqwh#frqiruwr#gr# vhu#kxpdqr111

Suhvhqfldprv# frqvwdqwhphqwh# glyhu0 vrv# srvlflrqdphqwrv/# rv# pdlv# shvvlplvwdv/# gh0 ihqghp# txh# r# fdplqkr# shor# txdo# fdplqkdprv# qÃr# kÁ# yrowd# rx# vroxÇÃr/# whqghprv# d# xpd# ylgd# Eldqfd#Rolyhlud gh# sulydÇÕhv/# vriulphq0 wrv/# lqvhjxudqÇd# h# ylr0 oÊqfld1# Qr# hqwdqwr/# kÁ# dtxhohv#txh#ghihqghp#yhhphq0 sureohpd# dpelhqwdo/# srlv# gh0 whphqwh# txh# d# sduwlu# gr# ghvhq0 pdqgd# pxlwrv# txlorv# gh# frp0 yroylphqwr# flhqwÍilfr# h# exvwÍyhlv# wÓ{lfrv/# surgxwrv# whfqroÓjlfr/# d# kxpdqlgdgh# sr0 txÍplfrv#h#Ájxd1 gh# dofdqÇdu# irupdv# vxvwhqwÁ0 Txdqgr# shqvdprv# d# uh0 yhlv#gh#ylgd1 yhuvlelolgdgh# rx# dgdswdelolgdgh# D# fdghld# surgxwlyd# ghvwhv# gd# wÉfqlfd# hqyroylgd# qhvwhv# surgxwrv# vh# xwlol}d# gh# lqÚphudv# phlrv# gh# surgxÇÃr/# revhuyd0 vxevwÂqfldv# wÓ{lfdv# 0# fkxper/# prv#txh#hvwhv#srghp#vhu#fruul0 phufÚulr/# sudwd/# freuh/# hvwd0 jlgrv# sru# pxgdqÇdv# qd# suÓsuld# qkr/#fÁgplr/#hqwuh#rxwurv#gh#do0 whfqrorjld# gh# surgxÇÃr/# h# wÍvvlpr# ydoru# 0# txh# txdqgr# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Frp# lvvr/# d# rujdql}dÇÃr# qÃr# jryhuqdphqwdo/# ixqgdgd# qd#gÉfdgd#gh#+4<,73#h#vhgldgd# hp# Jhqheud/# d# LVR# +Lqwhuqdwlr0 qdo# Rujdql}dwlrq# iru# Vwdqgdugl0 }dwlrq,# wud}# d# vÉulh# 471333# rqgh# dsrqwd# qrupdv/# hqwuh# hodv#d#471334/#uhvsrqvÁyhlv#sh0 od# fhuwlilfdÇÃr# gh# hpsuhvdv# txh# fxpsuhp# d# ohjlvodÇÃr# dp0

66


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH=#PHLR#DPELHQWH#RX#PHUFDGR

####################D#suhrfxsdÇÃr#frp#rv# ehqv#qdwxudlv#dvvrfld0vh#dr# idwdolvpr#gd#lqvxvwhqwdelolgdgh#gr# vlvwhpd#fdslwdolvwd/#uhshqvdqgr#d# vxd#wudmhwÓuld#h#sxjqdqgr0vh#sru# vxd#lqlqwhuuxsÇÃr1 Eldqfd#Rolyhlud

Vwdkho# +4<<;/# s1# 438,# dilu0 pd# txh# d# txhvwÃr# txh# shupd0 qhfh# hp# dehuwr# É# d# gd# %vxvwhqwdelolgdgh# hp# xpd# glv0 fxvvÃr# pdlv# dpsod# txdqwr# À# suÓsuld# vxvwhqwdelolgdgh# gr# vlv0 whpd# lqgxvwuldo0fdslwdolvwd%/# rx# vhmd/# vhuÁ# txh# hvwdv# phglgdv# vhuÃr#uhdophqwh#fdsd}hv#gh#uh0 rulhqwdu# d# oÓjlfd# frqvxplvwd# suhvhqwh# hp# qrvvd# vrflhgdgh/# iuhdqgr# d# ghjudgdÇÃr# vrfldo# h# dpelhqwdo/# rx# vÓ# hvwduÍdprv# yhqgr# vxujlu# xp# rxwur# wlsr# gh# phufdgrB

UHIHUªQFLDV elhqwdo/# txh# srvvxhp# xp# gldj0 qÓvwlfr# ghwdokdgr# grv# lpsdf0 wrv# gh# vxdv# dwlylgdghv/# surfhglphqwrv# gh# holplqdÇÃr# gh#uhvÍgxrv#h#ixqflrqÁulrv#ghyl0 gdphqwh#txdolilfdgrv1#Dghtxdu0 vh# d# hvvdv# qrupdv# É# dshqdv# r# pÍqlpr# txh# xpd# hpsuhvd# gh# whfqrorjld#srgh#id}hu1 D# suhrfxsdÇÃr# frp# rv# ehqv#qdwxudlv#dvvrfld0vh#dr#id0 wdolvpr# gd# lqvxvwhqwdelolgdgh# gr# vlvwhpd# fdslwdolvwd/# uhshq0 vdqgr#d#vxd#wudmhwÓuld#h#sxjqdq0 gr0vh# sru# vxd# lqlqwhuuxsÇÃr1# Frqwxgr/#pdlv#txh#xp#qryr#fd0 slwdo/# wruqrx0vh# xp# hohphqwr# wudqvirupdgru# gd# irupd# gh# vh# shqvdu# r# ghvhqyroylphqwr# vxv0 whqwÁyho/#dglflrqdqgr0vh#r#duwliÍ0

Duwljr#gd#ZlnlsÉgld#vreuh#WL#Yhugh= kwws=22sw1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2WLbyhugh

flr#whpsr#À#dqÁolvh#h#ghilqlÇÃr# gh# phwdv# gdtxlor# txh# vh# hvsh0 VWDKHO/#D1#Z1#Fdslwdolvpr#h# ud#vhu#vxvwhqwÁyho1 Hqwursld=#Rv#Dvshfwrv#LghroÓjlfrv# Revhuydprv# txh/# dwudyÉv# gh#qrydv#dowhuqdwlydv#gh#phufd0 gr#É#txh#dsduhfhp#qrydv#vrox0 ÇÕhv#sdud#dmxvwdu#d#surgxÇÃr#À# fdsdflgdgh# gh# vxsruwh# grv# uh0 fxuvrv# qdwxudlv1# Suhvhqfldprv# frqvwdqwhphqwh# d# dgrÇÃr# gh# phglgdv# frpshqvdwÓuldv# frpr# fuÉglwrv#gh#fduerqrv/#wd{dv#sh0 od#hplvvÃr#gh#sroxhqwhv/#sdjd0 phqwr# gh# gluhlwrv# dpelhqwdlv# drv# dihwdgrv/# hqwuh# rxwurv/# vh0 uhp# dgrwdgrv# frpr# irupdv# gh# dgdswdu# iruÇrvdphqwh# hpsuh0 vdv#Àv#qrupdv#dpelhqwdlv1#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

gh#xpd#FrqwudglÇÃr#h#d#Exvfd#gh# Dowhuqdwlydv#VxvwhqwÁyhlv1#Lq=# Fdydofdqwl/#F1#Ghvhqyroylphqwr#h# Qdwxuh}d=#Hvwxgrv#sdud#xpd# vrflhgdgh#vxvwhqwÁyho1#51#hg1#VÃr# Sdxor=#Fruwh}>#Uhflih/#SH=# IxqgdÇÃr#Mrdtxlp#Qdexfr/#4<<;1 ELDQFD#ROLYHLUD# É#judgxdqgd#hp# txÍplfd#qd#XISL/#hor# gd#Uhgh#gh# Mxyhqwxgh#shor#Phlr# Dpelhqwh#h# Vxvwhqwdelolgdgh#h# phpeur#gd# DvvrfldÇÃr# Sldxlhqvh#gh# Vriwzduh#Olyuh1

67


Vylohq#Plohy#0#v{f1kx

FDSD# #SUDJPDWLVPR#VXVWHQW¡YHO

Sudjpdwlvpr#VxvwhqwÁyho Sru#Doh{dqguh#Rolyd

Pxlwd# jhqwh# mxvwlilfd# d# hvfrokd# gh# vriwzduh# sulydwlyr#frp#d#yhokd#ghvfxosd#gr#sudjpdwlvpr1# ©# gliÍflo# qhvvd# krud# qÃr# ohpeudu# gr# sodqr# lqidoÍ0 yho#gh#xp#ormlvwd#sdud#yhqghu#pdlv=#rihuhfhu#sur0 gxwrv# dedl{r# gr# suhÇr# gh# fxvwr1# %Hx# shufr# xp# srxfr# hp# fdgd# yhqgd%/# h{solfd/# %pdv# jdqkr# qr# yroxph$% ©#fodur#txh/#vh#d#phwd#gr#vxmhlwr#iru#wÃr#vr0 phqwh# yhqghu# pdlv/# r# sodqr# ixqflrqd/# shor# ph0 qrv#sru#xp#fxuwr#shuÍrgr1#Dilqdo/#vh#fdgd#yhqgd# wud}# xp# suhmxÍ}r/# txdqwr# pdlv# yhqgdv# krxyhu/# pdlru# vhuÁ# r# suhmxÍ}r/# dwÉ# txh# r# glqkhlur# ilqdo0 phqwh#dfdeh1#QÃr#É#vxvwhqwÁyho1 Djrud/#vh#r#remhwlyr#ghoh#iru#rewhu#oxfur/#sh0 or#phqrv#d#mxvwlilfdwlyd#gr#sodqr#É#idokd1#Phvpr# dvvlp/# É# srvvÍyho# lpdjlqdu# fdvrv# hp# txh# yhq0 gdv# dedl{r# gr# fxvwr# id}hp# vhqwlgr=# uhfxshudu# sduwh#gr#fxvwr#gh#surgxwrv#hqfdokdgrv/#rx#vhgx0 }lu#h#fdwlydu#folhqwhv#sdud#txh#srvwhulruphqwh#id0 Çdp# frpsudv# pdlv# oxfudwlydv# sdud# d# ormd1# Qr# hqwdqwr/#qÃr#vÃr#suÁwlfdv#vxvwhqwÁyhlv1#VÃr#ph0 glgdv#gh#fxuwr#sud}r/#sdud#uhgx}lu#shugdv#sdvvd0 gdv#rx#lqyhvwlu#hp#oxfurv#ixwxurv1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

68


FDSD# #SUDJPDWLVPR#VXVWHQW¡YHO

Txh# whp# lvvr# d# yhu# frp# r# Prylphqwr# Vriwzduh# OlyuhB# Gh# idwr/# qÃr# pxlwr1# Whp# pxlwr# pdlv# d# yhu# frp# rxwur# prylphqwr# txh# vh# ruljl0 qrx#qr#qrvvr/#h#txh#iuhtxhqwhphqwh#vh#id}#sdv0 vdu# shor# qrvvr/# fxowxdqgr# sruÉp# xp# vxsrvwr# sudjpdwlvpr#wÃr#lqvxvwhqwÁyho#txdqwr#r#gr#ormlv0 wd#txh#yhqgh#dedl{r#gr#fxvwr1 QÃr# whprv# qhfhvvlgdgh# lphgldwd# gh# id}hu# vdfuliÍflrv# sdud# %ghvhqfdokdu# surgxwrv%/# pdv# kÁ# txhp#ghihqgd#xpd#%uhgxÇÃr#gh#fxvwr%#sdud#jd0 qkdu#pdvvd#fuÍwlfd/#lvwr#É/#sdud#vhgx}lu#h#fdwlydu# xvxÁulrv/# gh# irupd# txh# hp# vhjxlgd# qrv# wudjdp# pdlru#ehqhiÍflr1

pdvvd# pdujlqdol}d# glvwulexlgruhv# txh# rxvdp# uh0 mhlwdu#rv#sroxhqwhv#sulydwlyrv/#lqfrpsdwÍyhlv#frp# r#remhwlyr#gr#Prylphqwr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh1 Ydoh# ohpeudu# txh# qrvvr# remhwlyr# qÃr# É# %yhqghu# pdlv%# Vriwzduh# Olyuh# sdud# pdlv# xvxÁul0 rv/# qhp# phvpr# %rewhu# oxfurv%# hp# Olehugdgh# gh# Vriwzduh/# pdv# vlp# frqtxlvwdu# d# sohqd# olehugdgh# qr# flehuhvsdÇr/# sdud# wrgrv# rv# xvxÁulrv# gh# vriwzduh1#Hqtxdqwr#krxyhu#jhqwh#yxoqhuÁyho/#gh0 vrulhqwdgd/# glvsrvwd# d# dfhlwdu# d# sulydÇÃr# gdv# ol0 ehugdghv/# d# fhghu# r# frqwuroh# vreuh# vxdv# frpsxwdÇÕhv# h# vhxv# gdgrv/# hqfrqwuduÁ# txhp# rihuhÇd# ydqwdjhqv# dsduhqwhv# sdud# vhgx}l0od# h/# ghsrlv#gr#ilp#gdv#lqvxvwhqwÁyhlv#ydqwdjhqv#dsd0 uhqwhv/#xvdu#r#frqwuroh#rewlgr#sdud#id}hu0okh#yhq0 gdv# fdgd# yh}# pdlv# oxfudwlydv# h/# dlqgd# dvvlp/# pdqwÊ0od#fdwlyd/#phvpr#frqwud#vxd#yrqwdgh1

Vh# r# remhwlyr# irvvh# dshqdv# %yhqghu# pdlv%/# lvwr#É/#dofdqÇdu#pdlv#xvxÁulrv/#d#phglgd#gh#dglfl0 rqdu# frpsrqhqwhv# sulydwlyrv# gh# olehugdgh# sdud# wruqdu# r# surgxwr# %phqrv# fxvwrvr%# vh# mxvwlilfduld# Qd# idowd# gh# phfdqlvprv# sdud# ghihqghu# h/# hylghqwhphqwh/# whp# ixqflrqdgr# sdud# surpr0 xvxÁulrv# gh# dexvrv# gh# iruqhfhgruhv/# d# hvwudwÉ0 yhu#%pdlv#yhqgdv%1 Lqihol}phqwh/#qÃr#É#vxvwhqwÁyho#rihuhfhu#hv0 jld# sudjpÁwlfd# h# vxvwhqwÁyho# É# rulhqwdu# fdgd# vhv# sdfrwhv# gh# %phqru# fxvwr%# gh# dgrÇÃr/# srlv# xvxÁulr#d#wrpdu#frqvflÊqfld#gr#ydoru#gh#vxdv#ol0 fduuhjdp# frqvljr# d# lghld# gh# txh# É# lqwholjhqwh/# ehugdghv# hvvhqfldlv# h# djlu# wdpeÉp# gh# irupd# ydqwdmrvr/#sudjpÁwlfr#dfhlwdu#frpsrqhqwhv#sulyd0 vxvwhqwÁyho/# hylwdqgr# fdlu# hp# qrydv# dupdglokdv/# wlyrv1#D#pdvvd#fuÍwlfd#dwudluÁ#fdgd#yh}#pdlv#iruqh0 wudwdqgr# gh# vh# olehuwdu# gdv# txh# mÁ# r# krxyhuhp# fhgruhv# lqwhuhvvdgrv# hp# vhgx}lu# h# fdwlydu# fdswxudgr# h/# qdwxudophqwh/# glixqglqgr# d# dwlwxgh# xvxÁulrv/#sruÉp/#txhp#dsuhqghx#txh#É#lqwholjhq0 h# d# hvwudwÉjld# vxvwhqwÁyhlv/# sdud# txh# fdgd# yh}# wh#h#ydqwdmrvr#dfhlwdu#vriwzduh#sulydwlyr#qÃr#khvl0 pdlv# xvxÁulrv/# h{ljlqgr# uhvshlwr/# wruqhp# lqvxv0 wduÁ# hp# okhv# fhghu# vxdv# olehugdghv# h/# gh# idwr/# whqwÁyhlv#dv#suÁwlfdv#dexvlydv1# lqvlvwluÁ# sdud# txh# r# glvwulexlgru# qÃr# okh# %dxphq0 wh#r#fxvwr%#+glilfxogdgh,#gh#dgrÇÃr/#qhp#okh#uhv0 wulqmd# d# olehugdgh# gh# hvfrokd/# h{foxlqgr# gd# glvwulexlÇÃr# r# vriwzduh# sulydwlyr# txh# rv# ih}# fdwl0 yrv1 Dr# frqwuÁulr=# glvwulexlgruhv# vÃr# suhvvlrqd0 grv#shod#fuhvfhqwh#pdvvd#d#sroxÍuhp#vhxv#surgx0 wrv# frp# fdgd# yh}# pdlv# vriwzduh# sulydwlyr/# yhp# rfruuhqgr#frp#r#qÚfohr#Olqx{#h#dv#glvwulexlÇÕhv# pdlv# srsxoduhv# gh# JQX.Olqx{1# Dfdedp# gdqgr# pdlv#lpsruwÂqfld#d#%yhqghu#pdlv%#txh#drv#suhmxÍ0 }rv# dpelhqwdlv# dr# flehuhvsdÇr1# Frpr# r# ormlvwd/# fuÊhp# oxfudu# qr# yroxph/# pdv# txdqwr# pdlv# yhq0 ghp# hvvd# lghld/# pdlv# dfxpxodp# suhmxÍ}r1# Hq0 txdqwr# lvvr/# +ghv,rulhqwdgd# sru# xp# vxsrvwr# sudjpdwlvpr# lphgldwlvwd# h# lqvxvwhqwÁyho/# hvvd#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Frs|uljkw#5343#Doh{dqguh#Rolyd

FÓsld#olwhudo/#glvwulexlÇÃr#h#sxeolfdÇÃr#gd#Íqwhjud#ghvwh#duwljr# vÃr#shuplwlgdv#hp#txdotxhu#phlr/#hp#wrgr#r#pxqgr/#ghvgh#txh# vhmdp#suhvhuydgdv#d#qrwd#gh#frs|uljkw/#d#XUO#rilfldo#gr#grfx0 phqwr#h#hvwd#qrwd#gh#shuplvvÃr1 kwws=22zzz1iviod1ruj2vyqzlnl2eorjv2o{r2sxe2sudjpdwlvpr0vxvwhqwdyho

DOH[DQGUH#ROLYD##É#frqvhokhlur#gd# IxqgdÇÃr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#DpÉulfd#Odwlqd/# pdqwhqhgru#gr#Olqx{0oleuh/#hydqjhol}dgru# gr#Prylphqwr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#h#hqjhqkhlur# gh#frpslodgruhv#qd#Uhg#Kdw#Eudvlo1# Judgxdgr#qd#Xqlfdps#hp#Hqjhqkduld#gh# FrpsxwdÇÃr#h#Phvwudgr#hp#FlÊqfldv#gd# FrpsxwdÇÃr1

69


FDSD# #XVH#RV#GRLV#ODGRV

pdjxund#0#v{f1kx

XVH#RV#GRLV#ODGRV Sru#DqwÔqlr#Dxjxvwr#Pd}}l

Pxlwdv#vÃr#dv#irupdv#gh#dmxgdu#r#phlr#dp0 elhqwh/#dÇÕhv#vlpsohv#h#shtxhqdv#pxgdqÇdv#sr0 ghp#id}hu#d#glihuhqÇd1# MÁ# suhvhqflhl# h{hpsorv# srvlwlyrv# h# qhjdwl0 yrv#gr#xvr#grv#uhfxuvrv#qdwxudlv#h#frp#fhuwh}d# r# txh# pdlv# ph# lqfrprgd# É# r# xvr# ghvhqiuhdgr# gh#sdsho#qdv#lqvwlwxlÇÕhv1# Fdgd#yh}#pdlv#d#xwlol}dÇÃr#gh#sdsho#É#%qh0 fhvvÁuld%# sdud# ghvhpshqkdu# vxdv# dwlylgdghv/# qhfhvvÁulr# hqwuh# dvsdv# srutxh# É# srvvÍyho# uhdol0 }du# pxlwdv# ghvvdv# dwlylgdghv# vhp# qhfhvvduld0 phqwh#id}hu#xvr#ghvvh#pdwhuldo#wÃr#lpsruwdqwh1# Krmh# É# iÁflo# hqfrqwudu# hp# lqvwlwxlÇÕhv# xpd# judqgh# txdqwlgdgh# gh# lpsuhvvrudv/# pxlwdv# yh0 }hv#xpd#sdud#fdgd#ixqflrqÁulr1#Frp#lvvr#r#frq0 wuroh# gr# xvr# gh# sdsho# sudwlfdphqwh# vh# wruqd# lpsrvvÍyho/#vhp#frqwdu#r#jdvwr#frp#wrqhu#h#pd0 qxwhqÇÃr# ghvvhv# htxlsdphqwrv/# sulqflsdophqwh# vh#iruhp#pxlwr#yhokdv1###

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

6:


FDSD# #XVH#RV#GRLV#ODGRV

Iljxud#4=#Vlwh#Eodfnoh

Sru# rxwur# odgr# mÁ# suhvhqflhl# shtxhqdv# px0 gdqÇdv#txh#il}hudp#d#glihuhqÇd/#frpr#sur#h{hp0 sor# r# xvr# gr# sdsho# hfroÓjlfr1# Hvvd# lqlfldwlyd# irl# xpd# gdv# pxgdqÇdv# txh# d# lqvwlwxlÇÃr# gh# hqvlqr# vxshulru#Dqkdqjxhud# Hgxfdflrqdo# hqfrqwurx# sd0 ud#frqwulexlu#frp#r#phlr#dpelhqwh1##%Hp#qryhp0 eur# gh# 533;/# d# Dqkdqjxhud# lqlflrx# d# vxevwlwxlÇÃr#gr#sdsho#dofdolqr#frpxp#shor#sdsho# surgx}lgr#d#sduwlu#gd#ileud#gr#edjdÇr#gd#fdqd1

Rxwud# dÇÃr# srvlwlyd# txh# hvwÁ# rfruuhqgr# qr# Vxshulru# Wulexqdo# gh# MxvwlÇd# É# d# yluwxdol}dÇÃr# grv# surfhvvrv/# wudqvirupdqgr# plokÕhv# gh# sÁjl0 qdv#gh#surfhvvrv#gh#sdsho#hp#dutxlyrv#gljlwdlv1# %Frp#d#yluwxdol}dÇÃr/#hp#srxfrv#plqxwrv#rv#sur0 fhvvrv# vhuÃr# uhfhelgrv/# uhjlvwudgrv/# dxwxdgrv/# fodvvlilfdgrv# h# glvwulexÍgrv# drv# uhodwruhv1# DoÉp# gd# vhjxudqÇd/# hfrqrpld# h# udslgh}/# d# uhphvvd# yluwxdo#jdudqwh#pdlv#wudqvsduÊqfld#À#dwlylgdgh#mx0 uÍglfd/# mÁ# txh# r# dutxlyr# gljlwdo# srgh# vhu# dfhvvd0 gr# shodv# sduwhv# gh# txdotxhu# oxjdu# gr# pxqgr/# dwudyÉv#gd#Lqwhuqhw1% YrfÊ# srgh# wdpeÉp# id}hu# d# glihuhqÇd/# xwlol0 }h#r#sdsho#frp#frqvflÊqfld/#lpsulpd#vh#iru#uhdo0 phqwh#qhfhvvÁulr1 H# fdvr# yrfÊ# txhlud# id}hu# pdlv/# dÍ# ydl# xpd# glfd=# Hp# surfxud# uÁslgd# shod# lqwhuqhw# hqfrqwuhl# grlv# vlwhv# gh# exvfd# txh# gl}hp# txh# glplqxhp# r# frqvxpr#gh#hqhujld1#R#sulphlur#É#kwws=22eodfnoh1# frp2# h# r# rxwur# É# kwws=22zzz1hfr7sodqhw1frp2sw2/# sruÉp# dlqgd# qÃr# sxgh# id}hu# qhqkxp# whvwh# sdud# dilupdu#vh#uhdophqwh#d#frqwd#gh#hqhujld#glplqxl1

R# sdsho# hfroÓjlfr# xwlol}d# phqrv# forur# txh# r#sdsho#uhflfodgr#qr#surfhvvr#gh#eudqtxhdphq0 wr/#doÉp#gh#hylwdu#d#txhlpd#gh#fdqd#h#d#frorfd0 Sdud#pdlv#lqirupdÇÕhv= ÇÃr# gr# edjdÇr# hp# dwhuurv1# Xwlol}d/# wdpeÉp/# Vlwh#Eodfnoh phqrv# fhoxorvh/# r# txh# frqwulexl# sdud# d# glplqxl0 kwws=22eodfnoh1frp2 ÇÃr#gd#ghuuxedgd#gh#Áuyruhv1% D#xwlol}dÇÃr#gr#sdsho#hfroÓjlfr#qÃr#irl#dsh0 qdv# qrv# vhwruhv# dgplqlvwudwlyrv# gd# idfxogdgh/# pdv# wdpeÉp# sdud# rv# doxqrv1# Hvvd# dwlwxgh# frp# fhuwh}d#iruÇd#r#doxqr#d#shqvdu#qr#phlr#dpelhq0 wh/# ylyhqfldqgr# qd# suÁwlfd# txh# É# srvvÍyho# pxgdu# vhp#shughu#d#txdolgdgh1

Vlwh#Hfr7Sodqhw kwws=22zzz1hfr7sodqhw1frp2sw2 QrwÍfld#uhihuhqwh#d#Dqkdqjxhud#Hgxfdflrqdo= kwws=22plxg1lq2<qk UhihuÊqfld#gr#VWM= kwws=22plxg1lq2<ql

Iljxud#5=#Vlwh#Hfr7Sodqhw Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

DQW´QLR#DXJXVWR#PD]]L# +jxwrpd}}lCjpdlo1frp,#É##É#judgxdgr#hp# WhfqÓorjr#hp#LqirupÁwlfd/#sÓv0judgxdgr# hp#DgplqlvwudÇÃr#hp#Vlvwhpdv#gh# LqirupdÇÃr#shod#XIOD1#Dwxdophqwh#É# surihvvru#gh#qÍyho#wÉfqlfr#gr#Fhqwur#Sdxod# Vrx}d#gr#fxuvr#gh#lqirupÁwlfd#h#phpeur gd#htxlsh#uhvsrqvÁyho#shorv#oderudwÓulrv#h# surihvvru#XqlyhuvlwÁulr1

6;


FDSD# #D#PDWUL]#GH#IRU§DV#GD#VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH

D#Pdwul}#gh iruÇdv#gd# vxvwhqwdelolgdgh

E#V#N#0#v{f1kx

Sru#MrÃr#Fduorv#FduleÉ

KÁ# srxfr# pdlv# gh# xp# dqr# hvfuhyl# xp# wh{wr# fkdpdq0 gr# Vxvwhqwdelolgdgh# LqvxvwhqwÁ0 yho4/##xpd#suryrfdÇÃr#txh#ghx# fhuwr1# # Qhoh# hx# ghvwdfdyd# txh# qd# suÁwlfd# hp# vh# wudwdqgr# gh# vxvwhqwdelolgdgh#vrpr#txdvh#wr0 grv# klsÓfulwdv# h# hjrÍvwdv/# srlv# dr#phvpr#whpsr#txh#qrv#wruqd0 prv# yhughv/# frqwlqxdprv# djlq0 gr#frpr#vh#r#pxqgr#irvvh#xp# jljdqwhvfr# vkrsslqj1# Sursxv# txh# d# Úqlfd# irupd# gh# pxgdu# r# pxqgr#vhuld#pxgdqgr#surixqgd0 phqwh#qrvvr#hvwlor#gh#ylgd/##uh0 shqvdu# r# frqvxpr# h# r# fdslwdolvpr/# h# ihfkhl# uhvvdowdq0 gr# txh# whprv# gh# shqvdu# h# djlu# frohwlyr/# dqwhv# txh# r# suÓ{lpr# fdwdfolvpr#yhqkd#qrv#hqvlqdu1# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Qd# exvfd# gh# ixqgdphqwdu# r# whpd/# frphfhl# d# fkhjdu# d# frqfoxvÃr# txh# qÃr# h{lvwhp# dshqdv# gxdv# iruÇdv1# Dgplwr# txh# d# fxowxud# gr# frqvxpr# h# d# fxowxud# yhugh# vÃr# gxdv# iruÇdv# lpsruwdqwhv/# pdv# qÃr# vÃr# dv# Úqlfdv1# H{lvwhp# rxwudv# h# d# lq0 whuihuÊqfld# hqwuh# hodv/# wdqwr# dv# dphdÇdv# duwlilfldlv# qd# qdwxuh}d# txdqwr# dv# qdwxudlv# qr# hvsdÇr# gr#duwlilfldo/#rx#dv#iruÇdv#gd#qd0 wxuh}d# vreuh# r# sodqhwd# h# vreuh# rv# ehqv# duwlilfldlv# h# whfqroÓjl0 frv1# # Qd# dqÁolvh# gd# pdwul}# wdq0 wr# dv# iruÇdv# qdwxudlv# frpr# duwlilfldlv# srghp# vh# dolqkdu# h# suryrfdu#dlqgd#pdlv#gdqrv#qrv# grlv#vlvwhpdv=#r#qdwxudo#h#r#duwl0 ilfldo/#hqwhqghxB#Srlv#É/#hx#dlq0

6<


FDSD# #D#PDWUL]#GH#IRU§DV#GD#VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH

gd# qÃr# fkhjxhl# d# xpd# frqfox0 vÃr/# pdv# qdgd# pdlv# qdwxudo# gr# txh# frpsduwlokdu# dv# lghldv# sd0 ud#txh#hodv#vh#ghvhqyroydp#qr# hfrvvlvwhpd#vrfldo1## Pdshdqgr# dv# iruÇdv# fkh0 jxhl# d# xpd# pdwul}# pxlwr# vhph0 okdqwh# À# Pdwul}# gh# Sruwhu5/# txh# dqdolvd#dv#flqfr#iruÇdv#txh#gh0 whuplqdp# d# vxvwhqwdelolgdgh# gh# xp# phufdgr# ghqwur# gh# xp# dpelhqwh# fdslwdolvwd1# # Hvwd# derugdjhp#qÃr#whp#qdgd#gh#fl0 hqwlilfd/#r#irfr#dtxl#É#pdlv#ilor0 vÓilfr/# h# reyldphqwh# qÃr# whp# qhqkxpd#suhwhqvÃr#gh#vhu#frq0 foxvlyr1#

Dv#flqfr#iruÇdv# Dv#flqfr#iruÇdv#gd#vxvwhq0 wdelolgdgh# dwxdp# qxpd# pdwul}# rqgh# r# ehp# É# r# suÓsulr# sodqh0 wd/#h#vÃr#hodv=

Iljxud#4#0#Dv#8#iruÇdv

Fxowxud# yhugh# 0# É# d# iruÇd# gh# vxvwhqwdÇÃr# gr# sodqhwd/# d# IruÇdv#gd#qdwxuh}d#0#hihl0 wrv#qdwxudlv#txh#dihwdp#r#sodqh0 fxowxud#hfroÓjlfd#txh#ylvd#lqwhu0 wd/# vÃr# iruÇdv# txh# lqghshqghp# ihulu# qd# uhfxshudÇÃr# gr# phlr# gd# dÇÃr# gr# krphp# wdlv# frpr# dpelhqwh1# whuuhprwrv/# huxsÇÕhv# yxofÂql0 Fxowxud# gr# frqvxpr# 0# É# fdv/#wvxqdplv/#whpshvwdghv/#iru0 d# fxowxud# gr# frqvxpr# fuldgd# Çdv# gdv# pduÉv/# hqfkhqwhv/# hp#4<88#sru#Ylfwru#Oherz6#sd0 sudjdv/#grhqÇdv#h#hwf111 ud# idyruhfhu# r# fuhvflphqwr# gr# DphdÇdv# duwlilfldlv# 0# fdslwdolvpr1# H# krmh# vrprv# ylwl0 vÃr#iruÇdv#ghfruuhqwhv#gd#lqwhu0 pdv# ghvwd# fxowxud# txh# frqvr0 ihuÊqfld# gr# krphp# qr# sodqhwd/# ph# d# qrv/# qrvvrv# odÇrv# frqiljxudp0vh# qrydv# dphdÇdv# idplolduhv#h#dihwlyrv#h#sulqflsdo0 rx# srwhqfldol}dp# rv# hihlwrv# qd0 phqwh#r#sodqhwd1 wxudlv1 DphdÇdv# qdwxudlv# 0# vÃr# iruÇdv#qdwxudlv#h{whuqdv#dr#sod0 qhwd/#wdlv#frpr#whpshvwdghv#vr0 oduhv/# phwhrurv/# iruÇdv# gh# dwudÇÃr# lqwhusodqhwÁuldv# h# rx0 wurv#sru#h{hpsor1#

Qr# wh{wr# Vxvwhqwdelolgdgh# LqvxvwhqwÁyho# ilfrx# fodud# d# lqwh0 udÇÃr# hqwuh# dv# iruÇdv# gd# Fxowx0 ud# yhugh# h# gd# Fxowxud# gr# frqvxpr/# pdv# wdpeÉp# ilfrx# fodur# txh# hvwd# lqwhudÇÃr# qÃr# É#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

iurqwdo1# D# fxowxud# yhugh# dlqgd# qÃr# vh# srvlflrqrx# iurqwdophq0 wh# frqwud# d# fxowxud# gr# frqvx0 pr/# hvwd# lqwhudÇÃr# krmh# dlqgd# vh# gÁ# gh# irupd# wdqjhqfldo1# Hq0 wuhwdqwr# r# srvlflrqdphqwr# iurq0 wdo# É# d# whqgÊqfld# sdud# txh# d# uhvxowdqwh# ghvwdv# gxdv# iruÇdv# vhmd# qxod1# # Pdv# srutxh# dlqgd# qÃr# whprv# xp# srvlflrqdphqwr# iurqwdo# hqwuh# hvwdv# gxdv# iru0 ÇdvB# Gxudqwh# d# Fulvh# HfrqÔpl0 fd# Pxqgldo# gh# 533;0533</# rv# sdÍvhv# hqyroylgrv# lqmhwdudp# fhufd# gh# # X'# 43# WulokÕhv7# sdud# vdoydu# d# hfrqrpld/# rx# vhmd# X'41755/33# sru# kdelwdqwh# gr# sodqhwd$# Surwhjhu# rv# sulqflsdlv# hfrvvlvwhpdv# pxqgldlv# sru# 63# dqrv# fxvwduld# dshqdv# X'# 4/6#

73


FDSD# #D#PDWUL]#GH#IRU§DV#GD#VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH

WulokÕhv8/# rx# huudglfdu# d# irph# qr# sodqhwd# dshqdv# X'# 63# pl0 okÕhv# sru# dqr1# YrfÊ# dfkd# txh# rv# jryhuqrv# lqyhvwluldp# hvwd# txdqwld# sdud# vdoydu# r# sodqhwdB# Surydyhophqwh# qÃr/# h# qÃr# txh# rv# jryhuqrv# vhmdp# pdxv/# h# vlp# srutxh# wrgrv# qrv# ylyhprv# qxp# shuyhuvr# vlvwhpd# gh# grj0 pdv#h#ydoruhv/#rqgh#r#fdslwdo#h# d# sursulhgdgh# lqwhohfwxdo# hvwÃr# dflpd#gdv#shvvrdv#h#grv#gluhl0 wrv#flylv1# Vhjxqgr# Grxjodv# Uxvk0 nrii# r# fdslwdolvpr# É# r# vlvwhpd# rshudflrqdo# gd# vrflhgdgh# # dwx0 do1#Rx#vhmd#wrgrv#r#qrvvr#vlvwh0 pd# gh# ydoruhv/# grjpdv# h# sdguÕhv# frpsruwdphqwdlv# hv0 wÃr# edvhdgrv# qhvwh# vlvwhpd# rshudflrqdo# fkdpdgr# fdslwdolv0 pr# h# dfuhvfhqwr# txh# r# %vkhoo%# É#d#fxowxud#gr#frqvxpr#gh#Ylf0 wru#Oherz/#txh#qdgd#pdlv#É#gr#

txh#d#pdlru#iruÇd#ghvwuxwlyd#gr# phlr# dpelhqwh# gd# dwxdolgdgh1# Uxvknrii#uhvvdowd#txh#mÁ#krxyh0 udp# rxwurv# %vlvwhpdv# rshudflr0 qdlv%# qd# klvwÓuld# gd# kxpdqlgdgh#h#dvvlp#frpr#r#fd0 slwdolvpr# txh# É# xpd# lqyhqÇÃr# gr# krphp/# r# suÓ{lpr# vlvwhpd# wdpeÉp#r#vhuÁ1# Yrowdqgr# dojxqv# sduÁjud0 irv# dwuÁv# srghprv# frqfoxlu# txh#dv#fxowxudv#yhugh#h#gr#frq0 vxpr#qÃr#vh#hqiuhqwdp#iurqwdo0 phqwh# srutxh# d# fxowxud# yhugh# whuld#gh#qhjdu#r#fdslwdolvpr#sd0 ud# id}hu# hvwh# hqiuhqwdphqwr/# h# xpd# vrflhgdgh# %urgdqgr%# vr0 euh# r# fdslwdolvpr# vlpsohvphq0 wh# luld# uhdjlu# frqwud# r# frqiurqwr1#Rx#vhmd/#qÃr#hqiuhq0 wdprv#r#fdslwdolvpr#h#d#fxowxud# gr#frqvxpr#txh#ghyrudp#r#sod0 qhwd# srutxh# vlpsohvphqwh# qÃr# frqvhjxlprv# dfkdu# dowhuqdwl0

#########################111#qÃr#hqiuhqwdprv# r#fdslwdolvpr#h#d#fxowxud#gr# frqvxpr#txh#ghyrudp#r#sodqhwd# srutxh#vlpsohvphqwh#qÃr# frqvhjxlprv#dfkdu#dowhuqdwlydv# sdud#r#sulphlur#h#qhp#qrv#hqwhqghu# vhqwlgr#sud}hu#vhp#r#vhjxqgr/#hvwd# É#d#sxud#yhugdgh1 MrÃr#Fduorv#FduleÉ

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

ydv# sdud# r# sulphlur# h# qhp# qrv# hqwhqghu# vhqwlqgr# sud}hu# vhp# r#vhjxqgr/#hvwd#É#d#sxud#yhugd0 gh1#VhuÁ#qhfhvvÁulr#xp#surixq0 gr# shqvdu# %irud# gd# fdl{d%# sdud# dfkdu# xpd# vroxÇÃr# sdud# hvwh# sdudgr{r1 Qr# olyur# Wkh# Hqg# ri# Pr0 qh|#dqg#Wkh#Ixwxuh#ri#Flylol}dwl0 rq/# Wkrpdv# Juhfr# idod# txh# txdotxhu# fuhvflphqwr# h{srqhq0 fldo# É# lqvxvwhqwÁyho/# h# flwd# txh# wuÊv# fuhvflphqwr# h{srqhqfldlv# qd# dwxdolgdgh=# R# qÍyho# gh# FR5# qd# dwprvihud/# d# srsxodÇÃr# kx0 pdqd# h# r# hqglylgdphqwr1# Wr0 grv# rv# wuÊv# qrv# ohydp# À# xp# vlvwhpd# hp# fulvh/# r# fuhvflphq0 wr#gr#qÍyho#gh#FR5#qd#dwprvih0 ud# lqwhqvlilfd# r# dtxhflphqwr# joredo#h#É#xpd#gdv#iruÇdv#fkd0 pdgdv# gh# dphdÇdv# duwlilfldlv/# r# fuhvflphqwr# gd# srsxodÇÃr# kxpdqd# wdpeÉp# vh# hqtxdgud# qhvwd#iruÇd#srlv#qrvvd#whfqror0 jld#didvwrx#gh#qÓv#qrvvr#lqlpl0 jrv# qdwxudlv/# h# vhjxqgr# hvwxgrv# r# sodqhwd# vÓ# vxsruwd# r# greur# gd# srsxodÇÃr# dwxdo1# R# hqglylgdphqwr# ghx# vhx# sulphl0 ur#vlqdo#qd#fulvh#uhfhqwh/#h#fror0 frx# d# hilflÊqfld# gr# vlvwhpd# qd# urgd#gh#glvfxvvÃr#h#r#fdslwdolv0 pr# hp# fkhtxh1# R# frodsvr# dqxqfldgr# grv# wuÊv# vlvwhpdv# vhuÁ# erp# sdud# r# sodqhwd# h# uxlp#sdud#d#kxpdqlgdgh1 KlvwÓuld# gdv# frlvdv9# É# xp# surmhwr# txh# whp# sru# remhwlyr# prvwudu#txh#r#vlvwhpd#fdslwdolv0 wd# hvwd# hp# fulvh# h# txh# É# suhfl0 vr# pxgdu# pxlwd# frlvd/# doldv# irl# hvwh# surmhwr# txh# ph# prwlyrx# hvfuhyhu# hvwh# duwljr1# Qr# yÍghr# gr#surmhwr:#d#dxwrud#uhvvdowd#do0

74


FDSD# #D#PDWUL]#GH#IRU§DV#GD#VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH

jxqv# idwrv# suhrfxsdqwhv=# Vr0 phqwh# qdv# wuÊv# Úowlpdv# gÉfd0 gdv# irudp# frqvxplgrv# 66(# grv# uhfxuvrv# qdwxudlv# h{lvwhq0 whv#qr#sodqhwd>#Sdud#fdgd#vdfr# gh# ol{r# txh# glvshqvdprv/# rx0 wurv# :3# irudp# glvshqvdgrv# qr# surfhvvr# gh# ideulfdÇÃr># Rv# HXD# frp# 8(# gdv# srsxodÇÃr# pxqgldo#frqvrphp#63(#grv#uh0 fxuvrv#qdwxudlv#h{wudÍgrv1## R#fhqÁulr#qÃr#É#qdgd#idyr0 uÁyho/# h# dlqgd# whprv# gh# dfuhv0 fhqwdu# dv# iruÇdv# gh# dphdÇdv# qdwxudlv# h# duwlilfldlv# qd# htxd0 ÇÃr/# xpd# whpshvwdgh# vrodu# dqxqfldgd# surphwh# gl}lpdu# wr0 gr#wlsr#gh#htxlsdphqwr#hohwuÔql0 fr;/# lvwr# É# xp# h{hpsor# gh# lqwhudÇÃr# gdv# dphdÇdv# qdwx0 udlv#qr#hvsdÇr#gr#duwlilfldo1#D#lq0 whudÇÃr# gdv# iruÇdv# qrv# hvsdÇrv#qdwxudlv#h#duwlilfldlv#sr0 gh#frqiljxudu#qrydv#iruÇdv#h#qr0 yrv# fhqÁulrv/# É# lpsruwdqwh# sduduprv#sdud#dqdolvdu#lvwr1## ©# lpsruwdqwh# uhshqvdu0 prv# qryrv# ydoruhv/# sdud# pxl0 wrv# vhuÁ# lpsrvvÍyho# shqvdu# qxp# pxqgr# vhp# d# fxowxud# gr# frqvxpr/# pdv# sdud# d# vrflhgd0 gh# frqhfwdgd# lvwr# srgh# vhu# ehp# pdlv# iÁflo1# Whprv# gh# shq0 vdu# glihuhqwh/# uhwruqdu# rv# ehqv# gxuÁyhlv/# gl}lpdu# d# fxowxud# gr# frqvxpr1#Whprv#dÍ#d#uhgh#Ph0

wduhflfodjhp# txh# whp# sru# sur0 srvwd# d# ghvfrqvwuxÇÃr# gd# whfqrorjld# sdud# d# wudqvirupd0 ÇÃr#vrfldo/#gdqgr#qrydv#ixqflr0 qdolgdghv# d# kdugzduhv# ghvfduwdgrv1# D# fxowxud# olyuh# É# xp#Ówlpr#h{hpsor#gh#shqvdu#gl0 ihuhqwh/# d# lghld# gh# frpsduwlokdu# h#uhpl{du#É#r#fdplqkr#sdud#xp# qryr#prghor#gh#hfrqrpld#vxv0 whqwÁyho/# h# hx# dfuhglwr# pxlwr# txh# hvwh# qryr# prghor# vxujluÁ# frp#iruÇd#qr#Eudvlo1#

^9`#Vlwh#0#D#KlvwÓuld#gdv#Frlvdv kwws=22vwru|rivwxii1ruj2# ^:`#YÍghr#0#D#KlvwÓuld#gdv#Frlvdv kwws=22zzz1|rxwxeh1frp2zdwfkBy@ojp WiS}Oo7H# ^;`#PdwÉuld#Sodqhwd#VxvwhqwÁyho kwws=22plxg1lq2dEO

UhihuÊqfldv ^4`#Vxvwhqwdelolgdgh#LqvxvwhqwÁyho kwws=22zzz1wuh}hqwrv1eorj1eu2Bs@453 ^5`#Dv#flqfr#iruÇdv#gh#Sruwhu kwws=22sw1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2Flqfrbiru( F6(D:dvbghbSruwhu# ^6`#Ylfwru#Oherz kwws=22hq1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2YlfwrubOhe rz# ^7`#PdwÉuld#Jryhuqrv#jdvwdp# txdvh#XV'#43#wulokÕhv#frp#d#fulvh kwws=22plxg1lq2dEP ^8`#PdwÉuld#Uhylvwd#Sodqhwd kwws=22plxg1lq2dEQ

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

MR£R#FDUORV# FDULE©#sxeolflwÁulr# h#flehudwlylvwd/#É#xp# ihur}#frpedwhqwh#gr# DL8gljlwdo#vhqgr#xp# grv#lghdol}dgruhv#gr# prylphqwr#Phjd# QÃr/#h#hvwd#wulokdqgr# sdud#vh#wruqdu#xp# qryr#prghor#gh# sxeolflwÁulr/#r# %ghvsxeolflwÁulr%#txh# xvd#wrgr#vhx#nqrz# krz#sdud# ghvfrqvwuxlu#d# fxowxud#gr#frqvxpr1#

75


Pdulrod#Vwuhlp#0#v{f1kx

FDSD# #R#TXH#VHULD#WL#YHUGHB

R#txh#vhuld#WL#YhughB Sru#Vhujlr#Qdvflphqwr

R# txh# vhuld# WL# yhughB# Ehp111#qÃr#É#qdgd#pdlv#txh#vd0 ehu#dsuryhlwdu#d#whfqrorjld#h#id0 }hu# d# qrvvd# sduwh# h# dmxgdu# r# phlr#dpelhqwh1 QÃr# vrx# gdtxhohv# fdudv# udglfdlv# txh# vÓ# dqgdp# gh# Ôql0 exv#vh#hoh#iru#prylgr#d#jÁv#qd0 wxudo#rx#kÍeulgr#rx#ydl#wudedokdu# gh# elflfohwd# sdud# qÃr# sroxlu# r# phlr# dpelhqwh/# dolÁv111# vh# hx# qÃr# wudedokdvvh# d# 68np# gh# fd0 vd/#ehp#txh#srghuld#lu#vlp/#hq0 ilp/#vhjxhp#dojxpdv#glfdv=

hp# vdfrolqkdv# soÁvwlfdv# h# vlp/# hp# fdl{dv# gh# sdshoÃr# rx# dwÉ# phvpr# hp# fdl{dv# %uhwruqÁ0 yhlv%1 EhqhiÍflrv=#YrfÊ#qÃr#sh0 jd# ilod/# qÃr# hvwuhvvd# h# hylwd# dtxhoh#prqwÃr#gh#vdfrv#soÁvwl0 frv# txh# ghprudp# dqrv# sdud# vh#ghfrpsru1

Sdjdphqwr#gh#Frqwdv=

Qrv# gldv# gh# krmh/# txhp# ydl# dr# edqfr# sdjdu# frqwdB# H{lvwhp#yÁulrv#edqnolqh/#xp#gl0 ihuhqwh# gr# rxwur/# pdv# wrgrv# IdÇd#frpsudv#gh#vxshu0 whp#shor#phqrv#r#vhuylÇr#eÁvl0 phufdgr#rqolqh= fr# gh# sdjdphqwr# gh# frqwdv# h# Txdqgr# pdqgdprv# hqwuh0 djhqgdphqwr# gh# gÉelwr# dxwr0 jdu# qrvvdv# frpsudv# hp# fdvd/# pÁwlfr1# Plqkdv# frqwdv/# sru# h{0 d# ydqwdjhp# É# txh# qd# pdlruld# hpsor/# vÃr# wrgdv# hp# gÉelwr# gdv# yh}hv/# r# Gholyhu|# qÃr# yhp# dxwrpÁwlfr1# Qhvwhv# fdvrv/# vÓ# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

76


FDSD# #R#TXH#VHULD#WL#YHUGHB

##############Qrv#gldv#gh#krmh/#txhp#ydl# dr#edqfr#sdjdu#frqwdB#H{lvwhp# yÁulrv#edqnolqh/#xp#glihuhqwh#gr# rxwur/#pdv#wrgrv#whp#shor#phqrv#r# vhuylÇr#eÁvlfr#gh#sdjdphqwr#gh# frqwdv#h#djhqgdphqwr#gh#gÉelwr# dxwrpÁwlfr1 VÉujlr#Qdvflphqwr

fkhjdp# hp# fdvd# d# %qrwd# ilvfdo# h2rx# frpsurydqwh%/# qdgd# gd0 txhoh# prqwÃr# gh# sdsho# lqÚwlo1# Vh# hx# txlvhu# xp# h{wudwr# ghwd0 okdgr/# É# vÓ# hqwudu# qd# zhe# h# yhu/#vlpsohv#dvvlp1

wh/# d# dÇÃr# irl# fuldu# xp# krwvlwh# xvdqgr# dojxpd# sodwdirupd# ol0 yuh/# qr# fdvr/# xwlol}dprv# Olqx{# 2# SKS# h# P|VTO/# sdud# glvwulexlu/# gh#judÇd#h#vhp#qhqkxp#ilp#ox0 fudwlyr/# dojxpdv# fdqhfdv# gh# srufhodqd/# frp# xpd# pxgd# gh# %sÉ# gh# odudqmd%# ghqwur/# frp# xpd# phqvdjhp# shglqgr# sdud# r#shvvrdo#fxowlydu#d#lghld1# Qxp# lqwhuydor# gh# pdlv# rx# phqrv# grlv# phvhv/# hqyldprv# sru#yrowd#gh#<33#fdqhfdv/#h#sd0 ud# qÓv/# vh# 4(# ghvvh# shvvrdo# vhjxlu# hp# iuhqwh# h# fxlgdu# gd# sodqwlqkd/# dfkr# txh# il}hprv# d# qrvvd# sduwh1# Dk/# r# hqghuhÇr# gr# krwvlwh# É# kwws=22fdqh0 fd1dr81frp1eu1

EhqhiÍflrv=# Rv# qrvvrv# il0 ehp/#suhilud#ylvxdol}du#wxgr#rqol0 qh/# pdv# vh# suhflvdu# phvpr# gr# okrv#yÃr#qrv#djudghfhu#qr#ixwx0 sdsho# lpsuhvvr/# qÃr# vh# hvtxh0 ur/#erwr#iÉ$ Çd# gh# lpsulplu# iuhqwh# h# yhuvr# h# gh#suhihuÊqfld#txh#vhmd#hp#sd0 Ydprv# oÁ# shvvrdo/# vh# fd0 sho#uhflfodgr1 EhqhiÍflrv=# Qhvwh# vlp0 gd# xp# gh# yrfÊv# vhjxlu# shor# EhqhiÍflrv=# Djlolgdgh# h# phqrv# xpd# glfd/# mÁ# hvwÁ# gh# sohv# jhvwr/# yrfÊ# ydl# dmxgdu# d# ghuuxedu#dojxpdv#Áuyruhv1#Ohp0 phqrv# edjxqÇd# qd# vxd# phvd# erp#wdpdqkr1#Ehp111#É#lvvr$#R# euh0vh/# yrfÊ# suhflvd# ghodv# sd0 frp#xp#prqwh#gh#sdsho#ghvqh0 phlr#dpelhqwh#djudghfh/##h#hx# fhvvÁulr1 ud#ylyhu#2#uhvsludu111 wdpeÉp1

LpsuhvvÃr#gh#grfxphq0 wrv#2#h0pdlov=

DÇÕhv#gh#Vxvwhqwdelolgd0 gh=

Txdo# d# glihuhqÇd# hqwuh# ohu# dojr# lpsuhvvr# h# rqolqhB# Sdud# txhp# wudedokd# frp# WL/# qhqkx0 pd/# Àv# yh}hv# É# dwÉ# phokru# ohu# rqolqh# qÃr# É# phvprB# Srlv#

Qd# djÊqfld# rqgh# wuded0 okr/# DR8/# kÁ# xp# whpsr# il}h0 prv# xpd# shtxhqd# dÇÃr/# fkdpdgd# %Fdqhfd#DR8# 0# Fxowl0 yh# hvwd# lgÉld%1# Uhvxplgdphq0

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

VHUJLR# QDVFLPHQWR#É# Frrughqdgru#gh# Ghvhqyroylphqwr#h# Lqwhuidfh#gd#DjÊqfld# Rudqjh#Ilyh#^ #DR81# Wzlwwhu=#Choylvghwrqd Vlwh=#zzz1dr81frp1eu

77


FDSD# #QHJRFLD§£R#YHUGH

Vylohq#Plohy#0#v{f1kx

QHJRFLD§£R#YHUGH Srghu#gh#frpsud#gr#srghu#sÚeolfr#srgh#wruqdu#r# phufdgr#pdlv#yhugh Sru#\xul#Dophlgd

Hqwuh# 43# d# 48(# gr# SLE# eudvlohlur# É# ghvwlqdgr# Àv# frp0 sudv#sÚeolfdv/#r#txh#wruqd#r#Jr0 yhuqr# Ihghudo# xp# grv# pdlruhv# folhqwhv# gdv# hpsuhvdv# sulyd0 gdv/#vhmd#qr#dwdfdgr#rx#qr#yd0 uhmr/# txhu# qd# Áuhd# gh# pÓyhlv# sdud#hvfulwÓulr/#rx#surgxwrv#hoh0 wuÔqlfrv1#D#fliud#shuplwh#À#dgpl0 qlvwudÇÃr# sÚeolfd# xp# srghu# gh# edujdqkd#jljdqwhvfr/#dvvlp#fr0 pr/# suhvvlrqdu# r# vhwru# sulydgr/# qr# vhqwlgr# gh# surgx}lu# htxlsd0 phqwrv#h#whfqrorjldv#yhughv1 Vhp# ghydqhlrv/# ghihqgh0 vh# dtxl/# txh# r# Hvwdgr/# vhmd# qr# Âpelwr# pxqlflsdo/# hvwdgxdo# rx# ihghudo/# hoderuh# sroÍwlfdv# gh# frpsudv# sÚeolfdv# vxvwhqwÁyhlv/#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

edvhdgdv#qr#frqfhlwr#gh#whfqr0 orjld# yhugh1# Hvvh# srghu# gh# frpsud#wruqd0vh#dlqgd#pdlv#uh0 ohydqwh# d# sduwlu# gr# prphqwr# hp#txh#r#sdÍv#dlqgd#qÃr#frqwd# frp# xpd# ohjlvodÇÃr# gh# olflwd0 ÇÕhv#h#frqwudwrv/#fxmrv#rv#fulwÉ0 ulrv# dpelhqwdlv# vhmdp# ghwhuplqdqwhv# sdud# d# dtxlvl0 ÇÃr#gh#qryrv#surgxwrv1 Frpr#idodu#gh#phlr#dpel0 hqwh# vljqlilfd# idodu# gh# suhyl0 vÕhv# dsrfdoÍswlfdv/# shuplwd0ph# r#ohlwru#flwdu#dshqdv#xpd1#Uhod0 wÓulr# gd# Zruog# Zlogolih# Ixqg# +ZZI,# ghvwdfd# txh/# hp# 5383/# vhuÃr# qhfhvvÁulrv# grlv# sodqh0 wdv# Whuud# sdud# dwhqghu# À# gh0 pdqgd# gd# kxpdqlgdgh/# xpd#

78


FDSD# #QHJRFLD§£R#YHUGH

yh}# txh/# dqxdophqwh/# r# kr0 php# frqvrph# 58(# d# pdlv# gh# uhfxuvrv#qdwxudlv#gr#txh#r#qrv0 vr# sodqhwd# d}xo# É# fdsd}# gh# vx0 sruwdu1

gr# srvvÍyho# h# dr# phqru# suhÇr1# R#lghdo#É#frpsudu#gh#txhp#sur0 gx}#shqvdqgr#qr#phlr#dpelhq0 wh/# txh# jhuh# hpsuhjrv# h# idÇd# d# glihuhqÇd# sdud# r# ghvhqyroyl0 phqwr#gr#sdÍv%/#rslqd1

Glwr# lvvr/# sroÍwlfd# gh# frp0 sudv#rulhqwdgdv#sdud#vxvwhqwdel0 Sdud# vh# whu# xpd# lghld# gr# olgdgh# É# gh# judqgh# ydold# sdud# wdpdqkr# gr# srghu# gh# frpsud# plqlpl}du# dv# dÇÕhv# suhgdwÓuldv# gr#Hvwdgr/#qr#txh#wdqjh#d#frp0 gr#krphp#sru#vreuh#d#Whuud1#D# sud# gh# htxlsdphqwrv# hohwuÔql0 erd# qrwÍfld# É# txh# qr# Eudvlo/#dlqgd#txh#qÃr#vh0 mdprv# d# pdlru# uhihuÊq0 fld# h/# qhp# whqkdprv# dv# suÁwlfdv# pdlv# dydqÇd0 gdv/# ghvgh# 5339/# r# Jr0 yhuqr# Ihghudo# whp# fuldgr# +qr# sduwlfÍslr# sdvvdgr# phvpr,# surfh0 glphqwrv# sdud# d# dtxlvl0 ÇÃr# gh# ehqv/# vhuylÇrv# rx# reudv# qruwhdgdv# sru# fulwÉulrv# dpelhqwdlv/# fr0 pr# frqglÇÃr# %vlqh# txd# qrq%#sdud#frpsud1#

xpd# ohjlvodÇÃr# txh# ghilqd# fod0 udphqwh#r#ghvwlqr#gd#vxfdwd#gl0 jlwdo/# ehp# frpr/# # rv# uhvsrqvÁyhlv# shod# frohwd# h# wud0 wdphqwr#gr#ol{r#hohwuÔqlfr1 Whuhvd# Xfd/# gd# Sodwdiru0 pd#Uhjlrqdo#gh#Uhvlgxrv#Hohf0 wuÓqlfrv# hq# OdwlqrdpÉulfd# |# ho# Fduleh# +UHODF,,/# ghvwdfd# txh# qÃr#h{lvwh#qhqkxpd#sroÍwlfd#qd# DpÉulfd# Odwlqd# txh# rul0 hqwh#r# ghvwlqr# ilqdo# grv# frpsxwdgruhv# h# ghpdlv# htxlsdphqwrv# hohwuÔql0 frv1# Sdud# Xfd/# r# ghedwh# suhflvd# vhu# uhfrqiljxud0 gr=# %QÃr# srghprv# shq0 vdu# dshqdv# hp# lqfoxvÃr# gljlwdo/# É# suhflvr# shqvdu# qr# txh# id}hu# frp# rv# SF*v# surgx}lgrv/# h# r# ghvwlqr#txh#hohv#whuÃr%1

##############Vhp#ghydqhlrv# ghihqgh0vh#dtxl#txh#r# Hvwdgr/#vhmd#qr#Âpelwr# pxqlflsdo/#hvwdgxdo#rx# ihghudo/#hoderuh#sroÍwlfdv# Frpsudv# h# r# gh#frpsudv#sÚeolfdv# phlr#dpelhqwh vxvwhqwÁyhlv/#edvhdgdv#qr# D# Ohl# gh# OlflwdÇÕhv# Frqwudwrv# yljhqwh# qr# frqfhlwrv#gh#whfqrorjld# h#Eudvlo# qÃr# frqvlghud# d# txhvwÃr#gr#phlr#dpelhq0 yhugh1

Dqd# Pduld# Ylhlud/# gd# Vhfuhwduld# gh# OrjÍvwl0 fd# h#Whfqrorjld# gd# Lqiru0 pdÇdr# +VOWL,# gr# PlqlvwÉulr# gr# Sodqhmd0 \xul#Dophlgd phqwr# gr# Jryhuqr# Ih0 ghudo# +Eudvlo,/# dsuhvhqwrx/# qr# Úowlpr# Frqjuhvvr#gr#FODG/#dv#h{shul0 Êqfldv#gr#Eudvlo#qhvwd#Áuhd1#Vh0 frv/# sdud# irfdu# qd# whpÁwlfd# jxqgr# hod/# d# dgplqlvwudÇÃr# derugdgd#qhvwd#hglÇÃr#gd#HvsÍ0 sÚeolfd#ghyh#xwlol}du#r#srghu#gh# ulwr# Olyuh/# r# Jryhuqr# Ihghudo# frpsud#gr#Hvwdgr#sdud#suhvvlr0 jdvwrx# :4<# plokÕhv# hp# 533;1# qdu# r# phufdgr# d# surgx}lu# htxl0 Irudp#dgtxlulgrv#6451<8:#frp0 sdphqwrv# yhughv/# h# txh# sxwdgruhv#+gh#glihuhqwhv#prgh0 fdxvhp# phqru# lpsdfwr# dr# orv# h# pdufdv,/# qhvvh# shuÍrgr1# Dvvxvwd# wdpeÉp# txh/# gldqwh# phlr#dpelhqwh1 gdv# yhuedv# ghvwlqdgdv# À# frp0 %©#qhfhvvÁulr#pxgdu#r#sd0 sud# gh# %whfqrorjldv%/# r# Hvwdgr# udgljpd# gh# txh# rv# jryhuqrv# qÃr# whqkd# fuldgr/# wdpeÉp/# suhflvdp# frpsudu# r# pdlv# uÁsl0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

wh# frpr# xpd# suhrfxsd0 ÇÃr# ohjlvodwlyd/# h# qhp# suhyÊ# fulwÉulrv# dpelhq0 wdlv# sdud# rulhqwdu# d# frp0 sud# gh# ehqv/# rx# frqwudwdÇÃr# gh# vhuylÇrv# shod# dgplqlvwudÇÃr# sÚeolfd1# Hqwuh0 wdqwr/#hvvd#eduuhlud#mxuÍglfd#suh0 flvd# vhu# urpslgd/# h# xp# hohphqwr# lpsruwdqwh# vhuld# d# dsurydÇÃr# gr# SOF# 652533:/# txh#wudplwd#qr#Frqjuhvvr#Qdfl0 rqdo# ghvgh# pdlr# gh# 533:1# # R# surmhwr/# gh# dxwruld# gr# h{hfxwl0 yr# ihghudo/# dowhud# glvsrvlwlyrv# gd#Ohl#q #;1999/#gh#54#gh#mxqkr# gh#4<<6/#txh#uhjxodphqwd#r#lq0

79


FDSD# #QHJRFLD§£R#YHUGH

flvr#[[L#gr#duw1#6:#gd#Frqvwlwxl0 ÇÃr#Ihghudo/#lqvwlwxl#qrupdv#sd0 ud# olflwdÇÕhv# h# frqwudwrv# gd# DgplqlvwudÇÃr#SÚeolfd/#h#gÁ#rx0 wudv#surylgÊqfldv1

####################D#Ohl#gh#OlflwdÇÕhv#h# Frqwudwrv#yljhqwh#qr#Eudvlo#qÃr# frqvlghud#d#txhvwÃr#gr#phlr# dpelhqwh#frpr#xpd#suhrfxsdÇÃr# ohjlvodwlyd#h#qhp#suhyÊ#fulwÉulrv# dpelhqwdlv#sdud#rulhqwdu#d#frpsud# gh#ehqv#rx#frqwudwdÇÃr#gh# vhuylÇrv111

R# surmhwr# É# ehp# frpsoh0 {r# h# deudqjhqwh/# sru# lvvr# ydoh# ghvwdfdu# dv# sursrvwdv# txh# yhu0 vdp# gluhwdphqwh# frp# r# irfr# ghvwh#duwljr#h#d#whpÁwlfd#gd#uh0 ylvwd1# R# surmhwr# suhyÊ# d# dgr0 ÇÃr# gh# fulwÉulrv# vxvwhqwÁyhlv# qd# frqwudÇÃr# gh# vhuylÇrv# rx# qd# dtxlvlÇÃr# gh# ehqv/# ehp# fr0 pr/##sulrul}du#d#frpsud#gh#sur0 gxwrv# gh# phqru# lpsdfwr# dpelhqwdo1# Rv# ehqv# ghyhp# vhu# \xul#Dophlgd frpsrvwrv# sru# pdwhuldo# uhflfod0 gr/# elrghjudgÁyho# h2rx# dwÓ{l0 fr/# h# ghyhp# vhu# idflophqwh# dwÉ#r#ghvfduwh#ilqdo#gr#ehp1 uhxwlol}dgrv1 Sru# ilp/# sursÕh0vh# dlqgd/# Rxwud#sursrvwd#ghyhudv#lq0 txh#dv#hvshflilfdÇÕhv#gdv#olflwd0 whuhvvdqwh#É#d#pxgdqÇd#gr#duwl0 ÇÕhv/#edvhdgdv#hp#fulwÉulrv#yhu0 jr# gd# Ohl# ;1999# gh# 4<<61# Gh# ghv/# vhmdp# glyxojdgdv# qr# vlwh# dfrugr# frp# hvvh# duwljr/# r# sr0 Frpsudvqhw/# # sruwdo# gr# Jryhu0 ghu# sÚeolfr# ghyh# vhohflrqdu# d# qr#Ihghudo#gh#frqwudwdÇÕhv#sÚ0 sursrvwd# pdlv# ydqwdmrvd/# sr0 eolfdv/# dxphqwdqgr# d# uÉp/# r# txh# dfrqwhfh# qd# suÁwl0 wudqvsduÊqfld# grv# jdvwrv# sÚeol0 fd/# É# txh/# pxlwdv# yh}hv/# r# frv/# dvvlp# frpr/# frqwulexl# sd0 Hvwdgr# frpsud# edudwr# h# pdo1#D# ud# d# rulhqwdÇÃr# gd# fxowxud# gh# qryd# sursrvwd# vlqdol}d# txh# rv# frpsudv# vxvwhqwÁyhlv# mxqwr# fulwÉulrv#gh#vxvwhqwdelolgdgh#dp0 drv# hvwdgrv# h# pxqlfÍslrv1# Sru# elhqwdo# ghyhp# vhu# uhtxlvlwrv# rxwur#odgr/#d#ghilqlÇÃr#grv#fulwÉ0 reuljdwÓulrv# qd# frqwudwdÇÃr1# R# ulrv# gh# vxvwhqwdelolgdgh# sdud# d# suhÇr/#qhvwd#frqfhsÇÃr/#É#uhod0 dtxlvlÇÃr# gh# %whfqrorjldv# yhu0 wlyl}dgr/# srlv# qhp# vhpsuh# r# ghv%# rulhqwd# r# vhwru# sulydgr# qd# pdlv# edudwr# vljqlilfd# d# phokru# surgxÇÃr# gh# qryrv# surgxwrv/# frpsud/# wdqwr# hp# whuprv# gh# edvhdgrv# hp# sduÂphwurv# gh# jdvwrv/#frpr#hp#txhvlwrv#dpel0 suhvhuydÇÃr#gr#phlr#dpelhqwh1 hqwdlv1#D# lghld# É# txh# rv# jhvwr0 Suryd# gh# txh# d# ohl# ghyh# uhv# dydolhp# dv# ydqwdjhqv# h# ghvydqwdjhqv#grv#surgxwrv2vhu0 hvwdu#d#vhuylÇr/#h#rv#surfhvvrv# ylÇrv# gxudqwh# r# xvr/# h# dsÓv# r# gh# frpsud# h2rx# olflwdwÓulrv# sr0 ghvfduwh/# frqvlghudqgr# dvvlp# ghp#vhu#xwlol}dgrv#frpr#dupdv# wrgr# r# surfhvvr/# gd# ideulfdÇÃr# sdud#r#ghvhqyroylphqwr#vxvwhq0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

wÁyho/#irl#d#dsurydÇÃr#gd#Ohl#q # 4514;:/# gh# 5<# gh# qryhpeur# gh# 533</# txh# dgrwd# r# srghu# gh# frpsud#gr#Hvwdgr#frpr#lpsru0 wdqwh# lqvwuxphqwr# sdud# irphq0 wdu# d# sroÍwlfd# gh# pxgdqÇdv# folpÁwlfdv/#d#vdehu= %Duw1# 9 # VÃr# lqvwuxphqwrv# gd# SroÍwlfd# Qdflrqdo# vreuh# Px0 gdqÇd#gr#Folpd= l [LL# 0# dv# phglgdv# h{lvwhq0 whv/# rx# d# vhuhp# fuldgdv/# txh# hvwlpxohp# r# ghvhqyroylphqwr# gh# surfhvvrv# h# whfqrorjldv/# txh# frqwulexdp# sdud# d# uhgx0 ÇÃr# gh# hplvvÕhv# h# uhprÇÕhv# gh# jdvhv# gh# hihlwr# hvwxid/# ehp# frpr# sdud# d# dgdswdÇÃr/# ghq0 wuh# dv# txdlv# r# hvwdehohflphqwr# gh# fulwÉulrv# gh# suhihuÊqfld# qdv# olflwdÇÕhv#h#frqfruuÊqfldv#sÚeol0 fdv/# frpsuhhqglgdv# dÍ# dv# sdu0

7:


FDSD# #QHJRFLD§£R#YHUGH

#########################R#Hvwdgr#qÃr#É#xp# frqvxplgru#txdotxhu/#r#vhx#srghu# gh#frpsud#ghyh#vhu#xwlol}dgr#sdud# ghvhqyroyhu#sroÍwlfdv#sÚeolfdv/# suhvvlrqdu#r#phufdgr#sdud# dwhqghu#dv#ghpdqgdv#vrfldlv#h# dpelhqwdlv/#sulqflsdophqwh#qd# vhdud#gh#frpsud#gh#htxlsdphqwrv# hohwuÔqlfrv111 \xul#Dophlgd

fhuldv#sÚeolfr0sulydgdv#h#d#dxwr0 ul}dÇÃr/# shuplvvÃr/# rxwrujd# h# frqfhvvÃr# sdud# h{sorudÇÃr# gh# vhuylÇrv#sÚeolfrv#h#uhfxuvrv#qd0 wxudlv/# sdud# dv# sursrvwdv# txh# surslflhp# pdlru# hfrqrpld# gh# hqhujld/# Ájxd# h# rxwurv# uhfxu0 vrv#qdwxudlv#h#uhgxÇÃr#gd#hplv0 vÃr# gh# jdvhv# gh# hihlwr# hvwxid# h#gh#uhvÍgxrv>% Rxwur# h{hpsor# txh# phuh0 fh# ghvwdtxh/# É# d# h{shulÊqfld# gr# %vhor# yhugh%/# ghvhqyroylgd# shod#XVS/#txh#mÁ#frphÇrx#d#uh0 frphqgdu# hp# vxdv# olflwdÇÕhv#

jld# yhugh/# mÁ# fdgdvwudgrv# qr# Vlvwhpd# gh# Frpsud# gr# Jryhu0 qr#Ihghudo1

R# Hvwdgr# qÃr# É# xp# frq0 vxplgru# txdotxhu# h# r# vhx# sr0 ghu# gh# frpsud# ghyh# vhu# xwlol}dgr# sdud# ghvhqyroyhu# sroÍ0 wlfdv# sÚeolfdv/# suhvvlrqdu# r# phufdgr# sdud# dwhqghu# dv# gh0 pdqgdv# vrfldlv# h# dpelhqwdlv/# sulqflsdophqwh# qd# vhdud# gh# frpsud# gh# htxlsdphqwrv# hoh0 wuÔqlfrv# h/# frpr# uhfrphqgd# rv#jxldv#gh#dgplqlvwudÇÃr/#pd0 {lpl}du# rv# uhfxuvrv# sÚeolfrv# sdud#r#ghvhqyroylphqwr#vxvwhq0 wÁyho# gd# vrflhgdgh1# R# srghu# gh#frpsud#gr#Hvwdgr/#ydoh#uhv0 vdowdu/# gh# 43# d# 48(# gr# SLE/# É# fdsd}# gh# lqgx}lu# sdguÕhv# gh# surgxÇÃr# gh# ehqv# h# frqwudwd0 ÇÃr/# vlqdol}dqgr# sdud# r# vhwru# sulydgr# d# qhfhvvlgdgh# gh# sur0 sdud# frpsud# gh# frpsxwdgr0 gx}lu# surgxwrv# edvhdgrv# hp# uhv/# surgxwrv# frp# dowd# wd{d# gh# whfqrorjldv#yhughv1# uhflfodelolgdgh/# olyuhv# gh# fkxp0 er/#h#frp#dowd#hilflÊqfld#hqhujÉ0 wlfd1# R# PlqlvwÉulr# gr# \XUL#DOPHLGD#É#mru0 Sodqhmdphqwr/# RuÇdphqwr# h# qdolvwd/#hvshfldolvwd# JhvwÃr#fulrx#r#krwvlwh#Frqwudwd0 hp#Mruqdolvpr#Frq0 ÇÕhv# SÚeolfdv# VxvwhqwÁyhlv# whpsruÂqhr/#shvtxl0 vdgru#gr#mruqdolvpr# frp# duwljrv/# glfdv/# fduwlokdv# h# froderudwlyr#h#hglwd# ghpdlv#lqirupdÇÕhv#sdud#rulhq0 r#eorj#khughlurgrfd0 rv1frp#vreuh#flehu0 wdu# r# xvr# gr# srghu# gh# frpsud# fxowxud/#qrydv# qd#srwhqfldol}dÇÃr#gr#ghvhqyro0 whfqrorjldv#h#mruqdolv0 pr1#Frqwdwr=#kgrfd0 ylphqwr# vxvwhqwÁyho1# Qr# sruwdo# rvCjpdlo1frp#2# h{lvwh/# wdpeÉp/# xp# fdwÁorjr# wzlwwhu1frp2khughlur0 grfdrv1 frp#ehqv#edvhdgrv#hp#whfqror0

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

7;


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH/#VHQVRUHV#H#FRPSXWD§£R#XE­TXD

Mhii#Gxwwrq#0#v{f1kx

WL#Yhugh/#Vhqvruhv#h# FrpsxwdÇÃr#XeÍtxd Yhmd#r#txh#hvwhv#wuÊv#wÓslfrv#whp#hp#frpxp#h#frpr# hohv#srghp#dmxgdu#r#qrvvr#sodqhwd1 Sru#Ulfdugr#Rjoldul

LqwurgxÇÃr

hfrorjlfdphqwh# fruuhwr# gr# ol{r# hohwuÔqlfr/# frpr# FSX/# prqlwr0 uhv/# fhoxoduhv/# vpduwskrqhv/# sodfdv# hohwuÔqlfdv/# fderv# h# il0 eudv# Ówlfdv/# ghqwuh# rxwurv/# txh# mÁ#qÃr#vÃr#pdlv#xwlol}dgrv1

H{lvwhp# dojxqv# whpdv# txh# vÃr# uhfruuhqwhv/# rxwurv# yÊp# jdqkdqgr# qrwrulhgdgh# h# sdvvdudp# d# vhu# pxlwr# glvfxwl0 grv# qr# dpelhqwh# gh# whfqrorjld# gd# lqirupdÇÃr1# Pdv# dilqdo/# r# Vhqvruhv# vÃr# xwlol}dgrv# txh#WL#Yhugh/#vhqvruhv#h#Frp0 frp# xpd# iuhtxÊqfld# fdgd# yh}# sxwdÇÃr# XeÍtxd# wÊp# hp# fr0 pdlru1# H{lvwhp# vhqvruhv# sdud# pxpB txdvh# wxgr1# Dojxqv/# lqfoxvlyh/# WL#Yhugh#É#d#suhrfxsdÇÃr# vÃr# lpsodqwdgrv# hp# vhuhv# kx0 hp# uhodÇÃr# À# sdufhod# gh# fxosd# pdqrv# sdud# jdudqwlu# r# prqlwr0 txh# d# whfqrorjld# hvwÁ# whqgr# qd# udphqwr# frqvwdqwh# gd# vdÚgh# ghjudgdÇÃr# dpelhqwdo1# Lqlfldwl0 gh#sdflhqwhv#hp#hvwdgr#gholfd0 ydv# exvfdp# fuldu# dsduhokrv# gr1# txh# ghpdqghp# phqrv# frqvx0 D# FrpsxwdÇÃr# XeÍtxd/# pr#gh#hqhujld/#uhgxÇÃr#qr#frq0 whupr# xvdgr# shod# sulphlud# shor# vxpr# gh# sdsho# h/# flhqwlvwd# Pdun# Zhlvhu# hp# sulqflsdophqwh/# gluhflrqdphqwr# 4<;;/# ylvd# wruqdu# d# frpsxwd0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

7<


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH/#VHQVRUHV#H#FRPSXWD§£R#XE­TXD

ÇÃr#rqlsuhvhqwh/#lqvhulgd#qr#fr0 wlgldqr#gr#xvxÁulr#vhp#hoh#phv0 pr# shufhehu1# Orjr/# r# fdvdphqwr# hqwuh# frpsxwdÇÃr# xeÍtxd#h#vhqvruhv#É#reyld1

pÁwlfd# dwudyÉv# gh# vlqdlv# gh# uÁ0 glr/# uhfxshudqgr# h# dupd}hqdqgr# gdgrv# uhprwd0 phqwh# dwudyÉv# gh# glvsrvlwlyrv# fkdpdgrv# gh# %wdjv%# +hwltxhwdv# Qr# uhvwdqwh# ghvwh# duwljr/# hp#sruwxjxÊv,#UILG1 ydprv# prvwudu# frpr# hvwhv# MÁ# h{lvwhp# sÍoxodv# gh# wuÊv# dvvxqwrv# srghp# vh# wruqdu# UILG# txh# srghp# vhu# frqvxpl0 krprjÊqhrv# h# dmxgdu# qd# frq0 gdv# sru# vhuhv# kxpdqrv/# txh# vhuydÇÃr# gr# qrvvr# phlr# dpel0 qÃr# ghl{dp# gh# vhu# vhqvruhv# hqwh1 wdpeÉp1##D#xqlyhuvlgdgh#krodq0 ghvd#Udgerxg#fulrx#hvwd#whfqr0 orjld1#R#remhwlyr#gd#wdj#É#phglu# Frpr#lvvr#É#srvvÍyho d# whpshudwxud# gr# frusr/# xvdq0 Sdud# txh# vhuyhp# rv# vhq0 gr# sdud# lvvr# xp# vhqvru# gh# fd0 vruhvB# Sdud# id}hu# xpd# ohlwxud# oru1# Ghvsruwlvwdv# lqjhuhp# r# fruuhwd# gr# phlr# txh# rv# fhufd/# UILG# h/# d# fdgd# 43# vhjxqgrv/# h# uhwruqdu# xpd# uhvsrvwd# lqwhol0 wÊp# vxd# whpshudwxud# lqwhuqd# jhqwh# frp# rv# gdgrv# frohwdgrv1# phglgd#h#hqyldgd#sdud#xp#whoh0 Dsolfdgrv# À# frpsxwdÇÃr# xeÍ0 irqh# fhoxodu/# dwudyÉv# gh# Eoxhwr0 txd#srghp#wruqdu#d#qrvvd#ylgd# rwk1# pdlv#iÁflo#h#vhjxud1 H# r# txh# hvwhv# grlv# H{lvwh# xp# udpr# fkdpdgr# h{hpsorv#wÊp#d#yhu#frp#WL#Yhu0 grpÓwlfd/#txh#hvwxgd#d#dxwrpd0 ghB# Qr# sulphlur# fdvr/# vhqvr0 ÇÃr# gh# dpelhqwhv# uhvlghqfldlv1# uhv# gh# loxplqdÇÃr# srghp# Frp# lvvr/# vhqvruhv# gh# pryl0 ghvoljdu# dv# oÂpsdgdv# dxwrpdwl0 phqwr# srghuldp# shufhehu# txh# fdphqwh/# txdqgr# shufhehp# dojr/# rx# dojxÉp/# hvwÁ# ghqwur# txh#qlqjxÉp#pdlv#hvwÁ#kdelwdq0 gd#qrvvd#fdvd1#Hp#vhjxlgd/#sh0 gr# xp# fÔprgr# hvshfÍilfr1# Qr# glu# xpd# lghqwlilfdÇÃr# h/# fdvr# vhjxqgr# fdvr/# r# frqvxpr# gh# qÃr# uhfhehvvh# xpd# uhvsrvwd# uhpÉglrv# srgh# glplqxlu/# sru0 yÁolgd/# fkdpdu# dxwrpdwlfdphq0 txh# shvvrdv# srghp# prqlwrudu# wh#d#sroÍfld#orfdo1#Rx#dlqgd/#fds0 vhx#hvwdgr#gh#vdÚgh#h#qÃr#frq0 wxudu# xpd# lpdjhp# gr# vxplu#uhpÉglrv#vhp#qhfhvvlgd0 dpelhqwh#h#hqyldu#gluhwr#sdud#d# gh1 hpsuhvd#txh#fxlgd#gd#vhjxudq0 WdpeÉp#srghprv#flwdu#do0 Çd#sduwlfxodu#gd#uhvlgÊqfld1 jxqv# fdvrv# rqgh# d# xqlÃr# gh# YrfÊ# frqkhfh# UILGB# FrpsxwdÇÃr# XeÍtxd# h# vhqvr0 UILG/# vhjxqgr# r# ZlnlsÉgld/# É# uhv# srghp# ehqhilfldu# d# WL# Yhu0 xp# dfuÔqlpr# gr# qrph# %Udglr0 gh= Iuhtxhqf|#LGhqwlilfdwlrq%#hp#lq0 joÊv#txh/#hp#sruwxjxÊv/#vljqlil0 fd# LghqwlilfdÇÃr# sru# UÁglr# Phqrv# Kdugzduh=# whfqr0 IuhtxÊqfld1# Wudwd0vh# gh# xp# orjldv# frpr# r# Eoxhwrrwk# holpl0 pÉwrgr# gh# lghqwlilfdÇÃr# dxwr0 qdp# r# xvr# gh# fderv1# R# fhuqh# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

gd#frpsxwdÇÃr#xeÍtxd#É#wud}hu# lqirupdÇÕhv# uhohydqwhv# drv# xvxÁulrv/# vhp# txh# hoh# whqkd# txh# id}hu# hviruÇr# iÍvlfr/# orjr/# qd# pdlruld# grv# fdvrv/# prqlwr0 uhv#vÃr#glvshqvdgrv1 Rv#prqlwruhv#FUW/#sru#h{0 hpsor/#judqghv#yloÕhv#gd#whfqr0 orjld# txdqgr# shqvdprv# hp# hfrorjld/# srghuldp# vhu# gudvwl0 fdphqwh# uhgx}lgrv1# Hp# 5337/# sdud# surgx}lu# 4# +xp,# prqlwru# gh# 4:# srohjdgdv# hudp# qhfhv0 vÁulrv#573#txlorv#hp#frpexvwÍ0 yhlv# iÓvvhlv/# 55# txlorv# gh# surgxwrv# txÍplfrv# h# fhufd# gh# 4/7# plo# olwurv# gh# Ájxd1# Rv# gd0 grv# vÃr# gr# olyur# %Frpsxwhuv# dqg# wkh# Hqylurqphqw=# Xqghuv0 wdqglqj#dqg#Pdqdjlqj#wkhlu#Lp0 sdfwv%1 Frp# fhuwh}d/# r# xvr# gh# prqlwruhv#OFG#glplqxl#hvwh#qÚ0 phur# gh# ghjudgdÇÃr# dpelhq0 wdo/# pdv# d# holplqdÇÃr# wrwdo# grv# prqlwruhv# vhpsuh# É# phokru/# srutxh# uhgx}# wrwdophqwh# r# kdugzduh# h# srvvÍyhlv# ghvfdu0 whv#lqfruuhwrv1# UhgxÇÃr# gh# hqhujld=# vhqvruhv# srghp# uhgx}lu# r# frq0 vxpr# gh# hqhujld# qr# pxqgr# d# vrphqwh#r#txh#É#frqvxplgr1 Xp# erp# h{hpsor# glvvr# É# qd#lqgÚvwuld#dxwrprwlyd1 Id}# whpsr# txh# rv# dxwr0 pÓyhlv# vdhp# gh# iÁeulfd# frp# judqgh# dsdudwr# whfqroÓjlfr1# Dwxdophqwh/# vÃr# lqÚphurv# rv# fduurv# txh# shuplwhp# vhx# frq0 wuroh# uhprwr# sru# vpduwskrqhv# rx#whohirqhv#fhoxoduhv1#

83


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH/#VHQVRUHV#H#FRPSXWD§£R#XE­TXD

SruÉp/#r#judqgh#glihuhqfl0 do# hvwÁ# hp# vlvwhpdv# dxwrprwl0 yrv/# txh# prqlwrudp# r# hvwdgr# grv# glyhuvrv# vlvwhpdv# hohwuÔql0 frv#h#hoÉwulfrv#grv#yhÍfxorv#dx0 wrpdwlfdphqwh/# h# hp# whpsr# uhdo1#Hohv#srghp/#wdpeÉp/#yhul0 ilfdu# r# hvwdgr# gd# suhvvÃr# grv# sqhxv/#dohuwdqgr#r#prwrulvwd#vr0 euh#d#suhvvÃr#luuhjxodu1#Lvvr#uh0 gx}luld# r# dwulwr# luuhjxodu# ghohv# frp#r#vror/#glplqxlqgr#r#frqvx0 pr# gh# frpexvwÍyho1# Wrgrv# vd0 ehp# r# lpsdfwr# vrfldo# gr# frqvxpr#ghvhqiuhdgr#gh#jdvr0 olqd/#Áofrro#h#glhvho1#

dsduhokrv# dxwxdgrv# qd# krud# R# Krvslwdo# gr# FrudÇÃr# hp# txh# frphwhvvhp# r# gholwr# +KFru,/# hp# VÃr# Sdxor/# lqyhvwlx# gh#ghvfduwh#lohjdo1# hp# xpd# lqiud0hvwuxwxud# Zl0Il# hp# vxdv# ghshqgÊqfldv1# Frp# lvvr/# pÉglfrv# dfhvvdp# rv# gd0 UhgxÇÃr#gh#Sdsho=#r#frq0 grv# gd# lqvwlwxlÇÃr# dwudyÉv# gh# vxpr# gh# sdsho# wdpeÉp# É# xp# dsduhokrv# SGD# +Shuvrqdo# Gljl0 judqgh# yloÃr# txh# d# whfqrorjld# wdo#Dvvlvwdqw,1# dmxgd#d#dolphqwdu1# Srghuldp# vhu# flwdgrv# D# frpsxwdÇÃr# xeÍtxd# id}# dtxl# lqÚphurv# h{hpsorv/# pdv# r# fdvdphqwr# hqwuh# grlv# rxwurv# shufhed# txh/# vrphqwh# frp# hv0 whuprv=# FrpsxwdÇÃr# PÓyho# h# whv# wuÊv# Úowlprv# lwhqv/# dwdfdp0 FrpsxwdÇÃr# Shuydvlyd1# R# sul0 vh# wuÊv# judqghv# sureohpdv# txh# phlur# whupr# uhihuh0vh# dr# xvr# jhuhqwhv#gh#WL#hvwÃr#hqiuhqwdq0 gd#frpsxwdÇÃr#hp#txdotxhu#ox0 gr# sdud# txh# vxdv# hpsuhvdv# jdu#h#d#txdotxhu#krud1#R#h{hp0 uhvshlwhp#r#WL#Yhugh1 sor# pdlv# frqkhflgr# h# pdlv# glixqglgr# É# r# whohirqh# fhoxodu1# Vpduwskrqhv# wdpeÉp# srghp# Whfqrorjldv MÁ#idodprv#gdv#wdjv#UILG# vhu# lqfoxÍgrv# qhvwd# olvwd1# MÁ/# d# FrpsxwdÇÃr# Shuydvlyd# uhihuh0 h# gd# frpsxwdÇÃr# xeÍtxd1# Sr0 vh# d# glvwulexlÇÃr# grv# frpsxwd0 uÉp/# h{lvwhp# rxwudv# whfqrorjl0 gruhv# qr# dpelhqwh# gh# wudedokr# dv# txh# hvwÃr# shuplwlqgr# txh# d# gr#xvxÁulr/#gh#pdqhlud#shufhswÍ0 whfqrorjld#qÃr#fdxvh#wdqwrv#gd0 qrv# dr# phlr# dpelhqwh1# Ydprv# yho#rx#lpshufhswÍyho1 D# frpsxwdÇÃr# pÓyho# sr0 idodu# hvshfldophqwh# gh# wuÊv# gh0 gh# id}hu# frp# txh# lqirupdÇÕhv# odv1

Hvvhv#vhqvruhv#gh#frqvx0 pr# gh# hqhujld# wdpeÉp# srghul0 dp# vhu# dsolfdgrv# d# xp# qÚphur# lolplwdgr#gh#dsduhokrv#hohwurgr0 pÉvwlfrv1#Jhodghludv#ghvuhjxod0 gdv/# txh# hvwlyhvvhp# frqvxplqgr#hohwulflgdgh#hp#gh0 pdvld/# srghuldp# dohuwdu# gluhwd0 phqwh# r# ideulfdqwh/# txh# dylvduld# r# frqvxplgru# vreuh# d# qhfhvvlgdgh# gh# uhsdur/# rx# gh# ghvfduwh# hfrorjlfdphqwh# fruuh0 vhmdp# wudihjdgdv# shod# uhgh# gh# wr1 whohirqld# fhoxodu/# rx# uhghv# Zl0 Il# h# Zl0Pd{/# ohydqgr# rv# gdgrv# drv# vpduwskrqhv# gr# uhfhswr0 Ilvfdol}dÇÃr=# r# ghvfduwh# uhv/# holplqdqgr# wrwdophqwh# r# lqfruuhwr# gh# dsduhokrv# hohwuÔql0 xvr#gh#sdsÉlv1# frv# É# pxlwr# iÁflo# krmh# hp# gld1# Yhmd/#sru#h{hpsor/#rv#dp0 Srghp# dwÉ# h{lvwlu# ohlv# txh# lql0 ehp#wdo#dwlwxgh/#pdv#qÃr#h{lvwh# elhqwhv# krvslwdoduhv1# R# frqvx0 txdvh# qhqkxpd# ilvfdol}dÇÃr# pr# gh# sdsho# sdud# uhodwÓulrv# txh# jdudqwd# txh# dv# ohlv# vhmdp# pÉglfrv/# gldjqÓvwlfrv# gh# sdfl0 hqwhv/# uhvxowdgrv# gh# h{dphv/# fxpsulgdv1# ghqwuh# rxwurv/# É# lphqvr1# Pdv/# Wdjv# UILG# srghuldp# fuldu# mÁ# h{lvwhp# dojxpdv# dÇÕhv# qhv0 xp# fÍufxor# rqgh# rv# dsduhokrv# wh# vhqwlgr/# surfxudqgr# ohydu# lq0 ghyhuldp#vh#hqfrqwudu1#Vh#vdÍv0 irupdÇÕhv# gluhwdphqwh# drv# vhp#ghvwh#fÍufxor/#xp#dylvr#vh0 pÉglfrv/# vhp# r# lqwhupÉglr# gh# uld# hplwlgr# d# hqwlgdghv# sdsho1# uhvsrqvÁyhlv/# h# rv# grqrv# grv#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

FÓgljrv# Elglphqvlr0 qdlv# h# Wulglphqvlrqdlv=# Hp# fdvrv# rqgh# r# xvr# gh# sdsho# É# h{wuhpdphqwh# qhfhvvÁulr/# dv# lqirupdÇÕhv# srghp# vhu# frq0 ghqvdgdv# hp# fÓgljrv# elglphq0 vlrqdlv# h# wulglphqvlrqdlv# sdud# dphql}du#r#frqvxpr#gh#sdsho1# R# Tu0Frgh# É# xp# grv# pdlv# frqkhflgrv1# Vhjxqgr# r# ZlnlsÉgld/#R#TU0Frgh#+rx#FÓ0 gljr# gh# Eduudv# hp# 5G,/# É# xpd# pdwul}# rx# fÓgljr# gh# edu0 udv# el0glphqvlrqdo/# fuldgr# shod# hpsuhvd# Mdsrqhvd# Ghqvr0Zd0 yh/# hp# 4<<71# R# TU# yhp# gh#

84


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH/#VHQVRUHV#H#FRPSXWD§£R#XE­TXD

Txlfn#Uhvsrqvh/#mÁ#txh#r#fÓgl0 jr#srgh#vhu#lqwhusuhwdgr#udslgd0 phqwh/# phvpr# frp# lpdjhqv# gh#edl{d#uhvroxÇÃr#ihlwdv#sru#fÂ0 phudv# gljlwdlv# hp# irupdwr# YJD/# frpr# dv# gh# fhoxoduhv1# R# TU0Frgh#srgh#dupd}hqdu#txd0 vh#51333#fdudfwhuhv1#Yhmd#qd#Il0 jxud#dedl{r#xp#h{hpsor1

GdÍ/# r# qÚphur# gh# dsduhokrv/# vhuylgruhv/#glplqxlqgr#d#qhfhv0 sodfdv0pÃh# h# flufxlwrv# lqwhjud0 vlgdgh# gh# fdoo# fhqwhuv# h# hvsd0 okdqgr# r# surfhvvdphqwr1# Rv# grv#glplqxlx#gudvwlfdphqwh1 Rxwur#sureohpd#pxlwr#jud0 whohirqhv# fhoxoduhv/# dlqgd# qÃr# yh# gd# whfqrorjld/# hp# uhodÇÃr# qhfhvvlwdp# gr# judqgh# dsdudwr# dr#phlr#dpelhqwh/#vÃr#rv#gdwd0 gh# pÁtxlqd/# txh# É# qhfhvvÁulr# hp# judqghv# fdoo# fhqwhuv/# sdud# fhqwhuv1# pdqwhu#rv#vxshu#vhuylgruhv#uhv0 Xp#hvwxgr/#ihlwr#hp#Ihyh0 iuldgrv1# Sdud# slrudu/# Àv# yh}hv# uhlur# gh# 533:# shor# Odzuhqfh# hvvh#uhviuldphqwr#É#ihlwr#gh#iru0 Ehunhoh|# Qdwlrqdo# Oderudwru|/# pd# ghvqhfhvvÁuld/# txdqgr# rv# prvwurx# txh/# À# phglgd# txh# rv# vhuylgruhv#hvwÃr#rflrvrv1 vhuylgruhv# vh# wruqdp# pdlv# sr0 Dv# whfqrorjldv# gh# wudqv0 ghurvrv/#ghpdqgdp#pdlv#hqhu0 jld/# h# txh# hvwd# ghpdqgd# mÁ# plvvÃr# gh# gdgrv# vhp# ilr# wdp0 uhsuhvhqwd#fhufd#gh#4/5(#gh#wr0 eÉp# whuÃr# xp# judqgh# sdsho# gr# frqvxpr# gh# hohwulflgdgh# qhvvd# oxwd# d# idyru# gd#WL# Yhugh1# Dv# fdxvdv# mÁ# irudp# glvfxwlgdv# grv#XVD1 dqwhulruphqwh/#hqwÃr/#djrud#yd0 H{lvwhp# lqÚphurv# surmh0 prv# idodu# xp# srxfr# gr# Eoxhwr0 wrv# txh# ylvdp# wruqdu# rv# dsduh0 rwk1 okrv# pÓyhlv# hp# shtxhqrv#

Iljxud#4#0#H{hpsor#gh#fÓgljr#TU0Frgh

FrqyhujÊqfld=# dshvdu# gh# qÃr# vh# wudwdu# h{dwdphqwh# gh# xpd# whfqrorjld/# d# frqyhu0 jÊqfld# srgh# whu# judqgh# lpsdf0 wr#qr#phlr#dpelhqwh1# D# frqyhujÊqfld# surfxud# xqlu# glyhuvrv# htxlsdphqwrv# hp# dshqdv# xp# glvsrvlwlyr1# Xp# Ówlpr#h{hpsor#glvvr#vÃr#rv#wh0 ohirqhv# fhoxoduhv/# qrydphqwh1# Dqwljdphqwh/# d# shvvrd# srv0 vxÍd#xpd#fÂphud#gljlwdo/#xp#wr0 fdgru# gh# pÚvlfd# gljlwdo/# txhp# vdeh# xp# sod|hu# gh# uÁglr# gljl0 wdo/#xp#uhoÓjlr#gh#sxovr/#h#wdp0 eÉp# srghuld# srvvxlu# xpd# ilopdgrud#gljlwdo#hp#fdvd1# Krmh/# wrgrv# hvwhv# dsduh0 okrv# frqyhujludp# h# hvwÃr# dfr0 sodgrv# hp# whohirqhv# fhoxoduhv# kljk0hqg/# rx# vpduwskrqhv1#

#############Xp#hvwxgr#ihlwr#hp# Ihyhuhlur#gh#533:#shor#Odzuhqfh# Ehunhoh|#Qdwlrqdo#Oderudwru|# prvwurx#txh#À#phglgd#txh#rv# vhuylgruhv#vh#wruqdp#pdlv# srghurvrv/#ghpdqgdp#pdlv#hqhujld/# h#txh/#hvwd#ghpdqgd#mÁ#uhsuhvhqwd# fhufd#gh#4/5(#gh#wrgr#frqvxpr#gh# hohwulflgdgh#grv#XVD1 Ulfdugr#Rjoldul

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

85


FDSD# #WL#YHUGH/#VHQVRUHV#H#FRPSXWD§£R#XE­TXD

Vhjxqgr# d# ZlnlsÉgld/# Eoxhwrrwk# É# xpd# hvshflilfd0 ÇÃr#lqgxvwuldo#sdud#Áuhdv#gh#uh0 ghv# shvvrdlv# vhp# ilr# +Zluhohvv# shuvrqdo# duhd# qhwzrunv# ^ # SDQv,1# R# Eoxhwrrwk# suryÊ# xpd# pdqhlud#gh#frqhfwdu#h#wurfdu#lq0 irupdÇÕhv#hqwuh#glvsrvlwlyrv#fr0 pr# whohirqhv# fhoxoduhv/# qrwherrnv/# frpsxwdgruhv/# lp0 suhvvrudv/# fÂphudv# gljlwdlv# h# frqvrohv# gh# ylghrjdphv# gljl0 wdlv# xvdqgr# xpd# iuhtxÊqfld# gh# uÁglr# gh# fxuwr# dofdqfh# joredo0 phqwh#qÃr#olfhqfldgd#h#vhjxud1 Sdud# txhp# qxqfd# ylx# xp# irqh#gh#rxylgr#Eoxhwrrwk=

#########################Phvpr#vhp#txhuhu/# d#xqlÃr#grv#vhqvruhv#h#r# frqvhtÜhqwh#xvr#pdvvlilfdgr#gd# frpsxwdÇÃr#xeÍtxd#srghp#dmxgdu#h# pxlwr#qd#dgrÇÃr#gd#WL#Yhugh#qrv# suÓ{lprv#dqrv1 Ulfdugr#Rjoldul

ylgr# srgh# vhu# derolgr/# glyhuvrv# fderv# srghp# vhu# h{wlqwrv# frp# r# sdvvdu# grv# dqrv1# R# Eoxhwr0 rwk#srgh#vhu#r#sulqflsdo#uhvsrq0 vÁyho#sru#lvvr1

Frqfoxlqgr111

Iljxud#5#0#H{hpsor#gh#fhoxodu#frp#irqh# gh#rxylgr#Eoxhwrrwk

Dvvlp#frpr#r#irqh#gh#rx0

Phvpr# vhp# txhuhu/# d# xqlÃr# grv# vhqvruhv# h# r# frq0 vhtÜhqwh# xvr# pdvvlilfdgr# gd# frpsxwdÇÃr#xeÍtxd#srghp#dmx0 gdu# h# pxlwr# qd# dgrÇÃr# gd# WL# Yhugh# qrv# suÓ{lprv# dqrv1# R# frqvxpr# gh# hqhujld# srgh# vhu# prghudgr/# r# ghvfduwh# fruuhwr# grv#dsduhokrv#hohwuÔqlfrv/#ilvfd0 ol}dgr/# h# r# qÚphur# gh# flufxlwrv# lqwhjudgrv/# glplqxÍgr1# Wxgr# lv0 vr/# gdgr# d# xqlÃr# phqflrqdgd# qhvwh#duwljr1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

MÁ# whprv# glyhuvrv# h{hpsorv#hvsdokdgrv#shor#pxq0 gr/# djrud# É# djxdugdu/# h# txhp# vdeh/#shqvdu#h#dgrwdu#hvwdv#lghl0 dv#hp#vxdv#hpsuhvdv/#wruqdqgr# r# qrvvr# dpelhqwh# pdlv# vdxgÁ0 yho# h# qÃr# fdxvdqgr# d# ghvwuxl0 ÇÃr#gh#ioruhvwdv#h#ulrv1 ULFDUGR#RJOLDUL# dwxd#qr#ghvhqyroyl0 phqwr#gh#dsolfdÇÕhv# pÓyhlv#frp#d#sodwd0 irupd#Mdyd#PH#d#8# dqrv1#Edfkduho#hp# FlÊqfld#gd#Frpsxwd0 ÇÃr1#Plqlvwud#fxuvrv# h#rilflqdv/#srvvxlqgr# yÁulrv#duwljrv#wÉfql0 frv#vreuh#frpsxwd0 ÇÃr#pÓyho1#Plqlvwurx# sdohvwudv#hp#hyhq0 wrv/#frpr#r#MxvwMd0 yd/#ILVO/#MdydGd|/# ghqwuh#rxwurv1

86


WzlwUdglr h odpelwwhu

LQWHUQHW ODPELWWHU H WZLWUDGLR

Wzlwudglr h Odpelwwhu Sru IoÁyld Vxduhv h Mrholdv MÚqlru

R Wzlwwhu É xp vhuylÇr gh plfureorj xwlol}dgr frpr uhgh vrfldo txh vh srsxodul}rx pxlwrv qhvwhv Úowlprv dqrv1 Hp dshqdv 473 fdudfwhuhv srghprv hvfuhyhu qrvvrv shqvd0 phqwrv/ dÇÕhv h qrwlfldv1 Pdv111 r Wzlwwhu qÃr srghuld ilfdu vÓ qlvvr1 Qd h{shfwdwlyd gh fuhvfhu h srghu rihuhfhu rx0 wurv vhuylÇrv/ glvsrqlelol}rx vxd DSL ^4` 0 Lqwhuidfh gh Sur0 judpdÇÃr gh Dsolfdwlyrv 0 sdud d fuldÇÃr gh dsolfdwlyrv1 Qhvwh duwljr/ idoduhprv vreuh r Wzlwudglr h r Odpelwwhu/ dsolfdwlyrv jhqxlqdphqwh jrldqrv txh id}hp vxfhvvr qd uhgh gr wzlwwhu1

Odpelwwhu R Odpelwwhu irl fuldgr sru Wldjr Doyduhv/ Jxlokhuph Uhlv h Iuhghulfr Pdfhgr/ grqrv gd Hpsuhvd VhwdOdev/ hp 5343/ frp d ilqdolgdgh gh glyxojdu hyhqwrv xvdqgr d uhgh Wzlwwhu1 R qrph Odpelwwhu É d mxqÇÃr gd h{suhvvÃr %Odpeh0 Odpeh% frp r qrph gr plfureorj Wzlwwhu1 Vhjxqgr d Zl0 nlshgld ^5`/ Odpeh0odpeh txhu gl}hu fduwd}hv sxeolfdgrv hp orfdlv sÚeolfrv/ h ruljlqrx0vh gr lqjoÊv Zkhdw0sdvwh1 Vxd frqwd qr wzlwwhu srgh vhu xvdgd sdud orjdu qhvwh dsolfdwlyr1 Qhoh É srvvÍyho sxeolfdu xp hyhqwr txh yrfÊ hvwhmd rujdql}dqgr rx txh ydl sduwlflsdu/ pdufdu d vxd suh0 vhqÇd frpr frqilupdgd h dfrpsdqkdu dv glvfxvvÕhv dwudyÉv gh kdvkwdj 0 xpd kdvkwdj É r vÍperor 0 & 0 vhjxl0 gr sru xp qrph txh srgh vhu xwlol}dgr sdud uhihuhqfldu ghwhuplqdgr dvvxqwr/ frlvd rx juxsr hvshfÍilfr gh shvvr0 dv1 DoÉp glvvr/ É srvvÍyho wdpeÉp exvfdu hyhqwrv hp rx0 wudv flgdghv gr sdÍv1 D fdgd yh} txh xp hyhqwr É frphqwdgr frp d vxd

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

87


LQWHUQHW ODPELWWHU H WZLWUDGLR

Frp d hqwudgd gh judqghv duwlvwdv 0 frpr Mrujh h Pd0 whxv/ Slww| 0 d Wzlwudglr vh srsxodul}rx1 Frp d srsxodul}d0 ÇÃr rv dfhvvrv dr vhuylgru dxphqwdudp h d hvwuxwxud h{lvwhqwh mÁ qÃr vhuld pdlv vxilflhqwh1 Sru lvvr/ r ghvhpshqkr gr vhuylgru suhflvrx vhu prglil0 fdgr1 Vhjxqgr Pduflr Vltxhlud/ %dv sulqflsdlv rwlpl}dÇÕhv qr vlwh qÃr irudp ihlwdv prglilfdqgr fÓgljr gr vlvwhpd/ r wudedokr vh frqfhqwurx hp dowhudu frqiljxudÇÕhv gr vhuyl0 gru +pÁtxlqd olqx{ frp ; surfhvvdgruhv h 49 JE gh UDP, h id}hu rwlpl}dÇÕhv qr edqfr gh gdgrv P|vto gr vl0 O lambitter

TwitRadio

kdvkwdj hvfroklgd/ r frphqwÁulr É frqwdelol}dgr qd sÁjl0 qd gr Odpelwwhu1 Vhjxqgr Iuhghulfr Pdfhgr/ dv ihuudphqwdv xwlol}dgdv sdud d fuldÇÃr gr Odpelwwhu irudp wrgdv olyuhv/ hp ghvwd0 txh Jlw h Ylp1 Rv vhuylgruhv vÃr olqx{ h wrgrv rv dsolfdwl0 yrv xvdgrv sdud pdqxwhqÇÃr gr vlvwhpd qr du vÃr olyuhv1 D olqjxdjhp gh surjudpdÇÃr irl d Uxe|/ r iudphzrun Udlov h yÁulrv soxjlqv gd frpxqlgdgh dwudyÉv gr jlwkxe1frp1 D DSL gr jrrjoh pdsv h Wzlwwhu wdpeÉp irudp xwlol}dgdv1 Iuhghulfr uhvvdowd dlqgd txh d hpsuhvd xvd %jr0 rjoh grfv/ gurser{ h rxwurv dsolfdwlyrv judwxlwrv sdud lqwh0 judu/ frpxqlfdu h lqwhudjlu%1

wh%1 Sru lvvr/ r ghvhpshqkr gr vhuylgru suhflvrx vhu pr0 glilfdgr1 Txdvh wrgrv rv sureohpdv hvwdydp uhodflrqdgrv d edqfr gh gdgrv/ h sru lvvr/ krxyh d rwlpl}dÇÃr gh frq0 vxowdv VTO/ txh suhflvdydp vhu h{hfxwdgdv hp plolvhjxq0 grv1 D Wzlwudglr irl ghvhqyroylgd hp Judlov ^6`/ xp iudphzrun sdud Mdyd txh xwlol}d Jurry| . Vsulqj . Klehuqdwh1 Hod É krvshgdgd qxpd pÁtxlqd Olqx{ +vhuylgru, frp ; surfhvvdgruhv h 49 JE gh UDP1 Sru ilp/ djudghfhprv dr Pduflr Vltxhlud +Wzlwudglr, h dr Iuhghulfr Pdfhgr +Odpelwwhu, shodv hqwuhylvwdv frqfh0 glgdv h sdudehql}dpr0orv shodv lqlfldwlydv1 Wzlwudglr h Odpelwwhu= grlv judqghv dsolfdwlyrv ghvhqyro0 ylgrv sru jrldqrv1 VÃr rv jrldqrv prvwudqgr txh JrlÁv ydl pxlwr doÉp gh pÚvlfd vhuwdqhmd1 Whp xp hyhqwr sdud glyxojduB HqwÃr dfhvvh zzz1odp0 elwwhu1frp1eu/ sxeoltxh vhxv hyhqwrv/ h glyxojxh sdud vhxv frqwdwrv1 Txhu whu d vxd suÓsuld sod| olvw qd lqwhuqhw h glyxojdu sdud vhxv dpljrvB HqwÃr fulh d vxd Wzlwudglr hp zzz1wzlwud0 glr1frp1eu1

Wzlwudglr Wzlwudglr É d vhqvdÇÃr gr prphqwr txdqgr vh idod hp pÚvlfd rqolqh1 Hod irl ghvhqyroylgd shor Pduflr Vltxhlud/ 59 dqrv/ irupdgr hp flÊqfld gd frpsxwdÇÃr shod XIJ1 D lqyhqÇÃr sduwlx gh xpd eulqfdghlud hp txh PÁuflr txhuld fuldu vxd suÓsuld sod| olvw sdud rxylu dv pÚvlfdv qd hpsuh0 vd txh É gluhwru= Ilerqdffl VroxÇÕhv ¡jhlv1 R hpeulÃr gr surmhwr irl d Ilerudglr1 D Wzlwudglr ixqflrqd dvvlp= YrfÊ É r GM gd vxd uÁglr1 Rv rxylqwhv srghp lqwhudjlu frp r GM h yrwdu qdv pÚvl0 fdv1 Txdotxhu shvvrd srgh fuldu xpd vhohÇÃr frp dv pÚ0 vlfdv gh vxd suhihuÊqfld h frqylgdu dpljrv/ yld Wzlwwhu/ sd0 ud dfhvvdu vxd uÁglr1 Dv pÚvlfdv yhhp gr |rxwxeh/ h rv rxylqwhv rxyhp d phvpd pÚvlfd dr phvpr whpsr1

Olqnv Dglflrqdlv ^4` kwws=22sw1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2DSL ^5` kwws=22sw1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2SrvwhubOdpeh0odpeh ^6` kwws=22sw1zlnlshgld1ruj2zlnl2Judlov

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Vreuh rv dxwruhv IO¡YLD VXDUHV ?iodyldvxduhvCkrwpdlo1 frpA É Mxj Ohdghu gr Jrmdyd +zzz1jrmd0 yd1ruj, ghvgh 533;1 MRHOLDV MºQLRU ?mrholdvmxqlruC jpdlo1frpA É edfkduhodqgr hp LqirupÁwlfd +LIJ,/ Dgpl0 qlvwudgru gh Vlvwhpdv/ Frrughqdgru Ilqdq0 fhlur gd DvvrfldÇÃr gh Vriwzduh Olyuh gh JrlÁv h Phpeur Ixqgdgru gd frpxqlgdgh JrldedGljlwdo1

88


GLYXOJD§£R

HQWHUSULVH# #S\WKRQ#QR#FHQ¡ULR#HPSUHVDULDO

D#lpsruwÂqfld#gd# Olqjxdjhp#S|wkrq#qr# fhqÁulr#hpsuhvduldo Sru#Pduorq#Ihuudul

Hpsuhvdv# vÃr# rujdql}d0 fÕhv# frpshwlwlydv1#Dr# orqjr# gr# whpsr#gh#h{lvwÊqfld#gh#xpd#hp0 suhvd/# pxlwrv# idwruhv# dihwdp# vhx#ghvhpshqkr/#h#xp#grv#sur0 eohpdv# d# vdolhqwdu# É# d# txhvwÃr# vriwzduh# h/# pdlv# jhqhudol}dgd0 phqwh/#d#Whfqrorjld#gd#Lqirupd0 ÇÃr1 Fdgd#yh}#pdlv#qÓv/#ghvhq0 yroyhgruhv/# vriuhprv# frp# sud0 }rv# dshuwdgrv# h# prghorv# revrohwrv# gh# surjudpdÇÃr1# Lv0 vr# É# frqvhtxÊqfld# gh# xp# sd0 guÃr# txh# yhp# ghvgh# d# gÉfdgd# sdvvdgd# h# txh# dlqgd# frqwlqxd# dpsodphqwh#glixqglgr/#vreuhwx0 gr#hp#hpsuhvdv#gh#shtxhqr#h# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

pÉglr# sruwh/# rqgh# d# dwhqÇÃr# dr#vriwzduh#h#vreuhwxgr#d#Áuhd# gh# WL# vh# uhvxph# d# %HvwÁ# ehp# vh#hvwlyhu#ixqflrqdqgr%1 D# Frpsdqkld# Eudvlohlud# gh# Wuhqv# Xuedqrv# gr# Uhflih# +FEWX0UH,# glyxojrx# hp# 5339# xp#hvwxgr#frrughqdgr#sru#sur0 ihvvruhv# gd# IxqgdÇÃr# JhwÚolr# Ydujdv# 0# IJY/# hp# txh# dv# hp0 suhvdv# eudvlohludv# ghvshuglÇdp# U'#78#elokÕhv#sru#dqr/#hp#ixq0 ÇÃr# gr# pdx# dsuryhlwdphqwr# gdv# ihuudphqwdv# gh# frqhfwlyl0 gdgh# h# WL1# Dqdorjdphqwh/# vh# dv# fdghldv# surgxwlydv# eudvlohl0 udv# wudqirupdvvhp# hvvdv# shu0 gdv# hp# jdqkrv/# r# SLE#

89


HQWHUSULVH# #S\WKRQ#QR#FHQ¡ULR#HPSUHVDULDO

eudvlohlur# srghuld# vh# lqfuhphq0 wdu# hp# dwÉ# xp# srqwr# shufhqwx0 do#doÉp#gr#fuhvflphqwr#dwxdo1

hoh#yhp#vhqgr#fuldgr#h#frqvwdq0 whphqwh#phokrudgr#sru#xpd#fr0 pxqlgdgh# txh# vlpsohvphqwh# txhu#yhu#d#S|wkrq#fdgd#yh}#ph0 okru1# # Srgh# sduhfhu# srxfr/# pdv#dr#vhu#vdolhqwdgr#d#hpsuh0 vd# txh# hod# hvwÁ# dgrwdqgr# sd0 guÕhv# dehuwrv/# uhvxplqgr# hp# ohjdolgdgh# gh# olfhqÇdv# h# fxvwr# }hur#fdxvd#xpd#h{fhohqwh#hvsl0 udo#srvlwlyd1#Lvvr#srutxh#hod#hv0 wÁ# dfrpsdqkdqgr# dv# whqgÊfldv# pxqgldlv# txh# lqfox0 hp# d# dgrÇÃr# hp# pdvvd# gr# vriwzduh# olyuh/# doÉp# gh# jdudqwlu# wrgd# d# frqwlqxlgdgh/# srutxh# vriwzduh#olyuh#vljqlilfd#vrolgh}1

Wdo# vlwxdÇÃr# qrv# hqyroyh# sdud#d#exvfd#gh#prghorv#dfhv0 vÍyhlv# sdud# dv# hpsuhvdv/# sru0 txh# dlqgd# kÁ# pxlwd# suhrfxsdÇÃr# frp# ydoruhv# dowrv# djuhjdgrv# d# lpsodqwdÇÃr# gdv# vroxÇÕhv1# Vhjxqgr# r# surihvvru# Uxehqv# gd# Frvwd/# gd# IJY/# r# prgr#gh#shqvdu#grv#hpsuhvÁul0 rv# eudvlohlurv# dlqgd# É# xp# grv# prwlyrv# txh# lpshghp# d# lpsoh0 phqwdÇÃr# gh# ihuudphqwdv# gh# WL/# %Rv# hpsuhvÁulrv# dfkdp# txh# frpsduwlokdu# lqirupdÇÕhv# É# xpd# frlvd# txh# ydl# frqwud# hohv# h# dlqgd# h{lvwh# r# plwr# gh# 50#IÁflo#gh#Dsuhqghu txh# d# whfqrorjld# É# frpsoh{d# h# S|wkrq#srvvxl#whfqlfdphq0 fdud1^111`%1 wh#idodqgr/#xpd#vlqwd{h#frhuhq0 Sduwlqgr# ghvwh# frqwh{wr/# wh# h# vlpsohv/# idflolwdqgr# r# kÁ# d# qhfhvvlgdgh# hvshflilfd# dsuhqgl}dgr# gd# olqjxdjhp1# Lv0 gh# hvwxgr# gd# Olqjxdjhp# vr# vljqlilfd# edl{r# fxvwr# gh# wuhl0 S|wkrq# sdud# d# dgrÇÃr# gh# vhx# qdphqwrv# qhfhvvÁulrv# sdud# xvr# qdv# frusrudÇÕhv1# D# vhjxlu/# txh# kdmd# lqÍflr# gh# surgxwlylgd0 vhuÃr# h{lelgdv# dv# fdudfwhuÍvwl0 gh1#DoÉp#gd#idflolgdgh#gh#vh#hq0 fdv# gd# olqjxdjhp# S|wkrq# h# frqwudu# grfxphqwdÇÃr# h# dmxgd# gh# txdolgdgh# qd# Lqwhuqhw/# d# fr0 vxd#uhdo#qhfhvvlgdgh#gh#xvr1 pxqlgdgh# S|wkrq# gr# Eudvlo# hv0 wÁ# ghqwuh# dv# pdlv# dwlydv# gr# 40#Olyuh#h#gh#FÓgljr#Dehuwr pxqgr1#IÓuxqv/#vlwhv#h#lqirupd0 S|wkrq# É# xp# h{hpsor# gh# ÇÕhv#dfhvvÍyhlv/#doÉp#gh#hyhq0 IORVV# +Iuhh2Oleuh# dqg# Rshq# wrv# gh# dowr# qÍyho# suhvhqwhv# hp# Vrxufh# Vriwzduh,1# Wudgx}lqgr/# hqfrqwurv# gd# frpxqlgdgh# ol0 yrfÊ# srgh# glvwulexlu# olyuhphqwh# yuh1#Sdud#hpsuhvdv/#wuhlqdphq0 fÓsldv# ghvwh# vriwzduh/# ohu# vhx# wrv# vÃr# hqfdudgrv# frpr# fÓgljr0irqwh/# prglilfÁ0or/# xvdu# lqyhvwlphqwrv/# xpd# yh}# txh# wuhfkrv#hp#qryrv#surjudpdv#ol0 vxevwlwxluÁ# xpd# irupd# revrohwd# yuhv# h# wxgr# r# txh# yrfÊ# txlvhu# gh# wudedokr/# dfduuhwdqgr# dx0 id}hu1# IORVV# É# edvhdgr# qr# phqwr# gh# surgxwlylgdgh1# frqfhlwr# gh# xpd# frpxqlgdgh# S|wkrq# glvshqvd# fdurv# wuhlqd0 txh# frpsduwlokd# frqkhflphq0 phqwrv#h#fhuwlilfdÇÕhv/#qÃr#vhq0 wr1# Hvwh# É# xp# grv# prwlyrv# sh0 gr# xp# judqgh# irfr# gd# orv# txdlv# S|wkrq# É# wÃr# erp# 0# olqjxdjhp#dwxdophqwh1 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Dlqgd# whfqlfdphqwh# idodq0 gr/# d# vlqwd{h# gh# S|wkrq# id}# frp#txh#rv#hqyroylgrv#vh#frq0 fhqwuhp# qr# sureohpd# d# vhu# uh0 vroylgr# vhp# vh# suhrfxsdu# frp# d# olqjxdjhp# hp# vl/# vlplodu# d# xp# svhxgr0lqjoÊv/# shuplwlqgr# ylvlelolgdgh# h# hqwhqglphqwr# iÁ0 flo# gd# oÓjlfd# hp# txhvwÃr1# Hv0 vd# fdudfwhuÍvwlfd# hp# xp# dpelhqwh# pxowlodwhudo# frpr# r# gdv# hpsuhvdv# id}# frp# txh# lp0 sophqwdfÕhv# vhmdp# uhdol}dgdv# dvvlp# txh# krxyhu# qhfhvvlgd0 gh1# Xp# ghwdokh# lpsruwdqwh# dtxl# É# txh# qryrv# ixqflrqÁulrv# qÃr# suhflvduÃr# hqwhqghu# r# %mhl0 wr# gd# hpsuhvd%# gh# olgdu# frp# S|wkrq1 60#SruwÁyho Frp# r# qÍyho# gh# txdolgdgh# h# dghswrv# txh# r# vriwzduh# olyuh# yhp# frqtxlvwdqgr/# hvwlpd0vh# txh# judqgh# sduwh# gdv# hpsuhvdv# mÁ#hvwÃr#hp#suÁwlfd#gh#pljudÇÃr# rx# dlqgd# hp# sodqhmdphqwr1# Lvvr# vljqlilfd# txh# sdud# xpd# olqjxd0 jhp# vhu# xwlol}dgd# qd# hpsuhvd# hod# suhflvd# vhu# pxowlsodwdirupd/# sdud# vh# dghtxdu# d# pljudÇÃr/# txh#vhuÁ#ohqwd/#h#sruwdqwr#wuded0 okdu#hp#yÁulrv#vlvwhpdv#rshudfl0 rqdlv# gh# xpd# phvpd# irupd1# S|wkrq#urgd#hp#sudwlfdphqwh#wr0 grv# rv# vlvwhpdv# rshudflrqdlv# pdlv# frqkhflgrv/# gdqgr# d# hp0 suhvd#d#rsÇÃr#gh#pljudÇÃr#vhp# sureohpdv#gh#frpsdwlelolgdgh1 70#H{whqvÍyho#frp#rxwudv#olq0 jxdjhqv D# h{whqvlelolgdgh# gr# S|wkrq#wdpeÉp#É#xpd#iruwh#dol0

8:


HQWHUSULVH# #S\WKRQ#QR#FHQ¡ULR#HPSUHVDULDO

dgd# sdud# sodqrv# gh# pljudÇÃr1# Lvvr# srutxh# É# srvvÍyho# xwlol}du# ixqÇÕhv# gh# rxwudv# olqjxdjhqv# frpr# F# h# F..# hp# surmhwrv# S|wkrq1# DoÉp# glvvr/# kÁ# lpsoh0 phqwdÇÕhv# S|wkrq# sdud# rxwudv# olqjxdjhqv# frpr# Mdyd# +M|wkrq,# h# 1QHW+LurqS|wkrq,1# Dvvlp/# É# srvvÍyho# d# xwlol}dÇÃr# gr# S|wkrq# hp# xp# dpelhqwh# mÁ# frqkhflgr# qd#hpsuhvd/#idflolwdqgr#d#pljud0 ÇÃr#ixwxud1# 80#H{fhohqwhv#ihuudphqwdv# +Iudphzrunv,#Zhe S|wkrq# É# pxlwr# frqkhflgr# sru# whu# gdgr# ruljhp# d# judqghv# iudphzrunv/# frpr# É# r# fdvr# gr# Gmdqjr/# gr# ]rsh2Sorqh/# Zhe5s|/#hwf111

JuÁilfr#4=#Xwlol}dÇÃr#gh#whfqrorjldv#hp#dpelhqwhv#hpsuhvduldlv1#Irqwh=#Uhylvwd#Lqir/#Mxqkr#gh#53431

eudwho/# VHUSUR/# ghqwuh# pxlwdv# rxwudv1# Rv# uhodwrv# vhpsuh# vÃr# srvlwlyrv/# wdqwr# grv# dgplqlvwud0 gruhv# txh# shufhehudp# r# dx0 phqwr# gd# surgxwlylgdgh# h# txdolgdgh/# h# wdpehp# grv# gh0 Hpsuhvdv# whp# d# qhfhvvl0 vhqyroyhgruhv# txh# vh# suhrfx0 gdgh# gh# glvsrqlelol}du# wuded0 sdp# phqrv# frp# okrv# qd# Lqwhuqhw/# vhmd# xpd# lpsohphqwdÇÕhv#wudedokrvdv1 dsolfdÇÃr#gh#ruÇdphqwr#sdud#fol0 Fdvrv# gh# vxfhvvr# ghvwhv# hqwhv#rx#r#vlwh#gd#hpsuhvd1#Lv0 iudphzrunv# vÃr# iuhtxhqwhv# h# vr# vljqlilfd# txh# vhuÁ# qhfhvvÁulr# d# dgrÇÃr# gh# xpd# fuhvfhp# fdgd# yh}# pdlv1# H# É# ihuudphqwd# txh# shuplwd# r# gh0 frpsohwdphqwh# frpsuhhqvÍyho# vhqyroylphqwr# sdud# Zhe1# Rv# wdo# pxgdqÇd1# R# txh# hp# rxwudv# iudphzrunv# S|wkrq# vÃr# frqkh0 olqjxdjhqv# vhuld# qhfhvvÁulrv# flgrv#shod#vxd#txdolgdgh/#vhjx0 rxwudv# ihuudphqwdv# sdud# hvwhq0 udqÇd# h# djlolgdgh# gh# ghu#ixqflrqdolgdghv#h#dvvlp#gh0 ghvhqyroylphqwr/# shuplwlqgr# vhqyroyhu/# hp# Gmdqjr/# sru# judqghv#dydqÇrv#hp#srxtxÍvvl0 h{hpsor/#edvwd#xwlol}du#rv#prgx0 pr# whpsr/# dojr# qÃr# wÃr# vlp0 orv#mÁ#h{lvwhqwhv1 sohv#irud#gr#pxqgr#S|wkrq1

h# dlqgd# qrydv/# pdv# frp# dowd# dfhlwdÇÃr# h# sudwlflgdgh1# Qrwd0 prv#d#suhvhqÇd#gr#S|wkrq/#dlq0 gd# wÍplgd/# sruÉp# fuhvfhqwh1# Frp# edvh# qhvwd# shvtxlvd/# sr0 ghprv# dilupdu# r# lqÍflr# gd# frq0 vrolgdgdÇÃr# gr# S|wkrq# qr# fhqÁulr#hpsuhvduldo/#ixwxudphq0 wh#vxevwlwxlqgr#rxwudv#whfqrorjl0 dv1

Hvwhmd#suhsdudgr

R# Eudvlo# yhp# lqyhvwlqgr# pxlwr#qr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh1#R#Jr0 yhuqr# Ihghudo/# mxqwdphqwh# frp# rv# ÓujÃrv# gh#Whfqrorjld# gd# Lq0 irupdÇÃr# +VHUSUR/# Gdwd0 Suhy/# hwf111,/# hvwÁ# lqfhqwlydqgr# d# pljudÇÃr# sdud# whfqrorjldv# ol0 yuhv# h# xp# h{hpsor# glvvr# É# r# Sruwdo# gr# Vriwzduh# SÚeolfr1# Frp# hoh/# hvshud0vh# txh# uhgx0 R# idwr# É# txh# dwxdophqwh# R#Xvr#qdv#Hpsuhvdv judqghv#hpsuhvdv#mÁ#vh#dwhqwd0 D# uhylvwd# Lqir# gr# pÊv# gh# }dp# dv# ghshqgÊqfldv# grv# udp# sdud# lvwr# h# r# xvr# gh# iud0 Mxqkr# wud}# xpd# shvtxlvd# uhdol0 Vriwzduhv# sursulhwÁulrv/# ghvhq0 phzrunv# S|wkrq# whp# fuhvflgr# }dgd#prvwudqgr#d#xwlol}dÇÃr#gh# yroyhqgr# xpd# frohÇÃr# fdgd# pxlwr#xowlpdphqwh1#Edvwd#dfhv0 whfqrorjldv# gh# ghvhqyroylphq0 yh}# pdlv# fuhvfhqwh# gh# Vriwzd0 uhv#Olyuhv1# vdu# r# vlwh# gr# iudphzrun# sdud# wr#qdv#hpsuhvdv1 yhu#vhx#xvr#hp#judqghv#frusr0 Wrgr# hvvh# prylphqwr# hv0 Shufheh0vh#d#iruwh#suhvhq0 udÇÕhv#frpr#QDVD/#Jorer/#Hp0 Çd# gh# whfqrorjldv# hphujhqwhv# wÁ# vhqgr# uhsdvvdgr# sdud# wrgdv# Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

8;


HQWHUSULVH# #S\WKRQ#QR#FHQ¡ULR#HPSUHVDULDO

########111#xp#surilvvlrqdo#S|wkrq# prvwud#pxlwr#pdlv#gr#txh#vdehu# xpd#olqjxdjhp=#hoh#prvwud#txh# hvwÁ#suhsdudgr#sdud#r#ixwxur#h#sdud# judqghv#pxgdqÇdv1 Pduorq#Ihuudul

jhp=# hoh# prvwud# txh# hvwÁ# suh0 sdudgr# sdud# r# ixwxur# h# sdud# judqghv# pxgdqÇdv/# vljqlilfdq0 gr# txh# vhx# wudedokr# vhuÁ# gh# txdolgdgh# h# dowr# qÍyho# wÉfqlfr/# hp# xp# pxqgr# txh# qÃr# hvwÁ# pdlv# dfhlwdqgr# sdguÕhv# sursul0 hwÁulrv# h# olqjxdjhqv# gh# xp# od0 gr#vÓ1

S|wkrq# vljqlilfd# olehugd0 gh/# txdolgdgh# h# surgxwlylgdgh# hp# xp# dpelhqwh# frpshwlwlyr# frpr# dv# hpsuhvdv1# Reyldphq0 wh/# dlqgd# kÁ# xp# orqjr# fdplqkr# d# shufruuhu# sdud# txh# r# S|wkrq# vhmd# dpsodphqwh# uhfrqkhflgr/# pdv# shod# ylvÃr# dwxdo/# wrgrv# rv# lqglfdgruhv# vÃr# idyruÁyhlv# h# whv/# frrughqdgruhv# h# oÍghuhv# fhuwdphqwh# dlqgd# whuhprv# hp# dshqdv# wuÊv# wÓslfrv=# fxvwr/# rsruwxqlgdghv# pdlruhv# qhvwd# txdolgdgh#h#frpshwlwlylgdgh1#Hv0 olqjxdjhp#hqfdqwdgrud1 whv# vÃr# wuÊv# srqwrv# txh# suhfl0 vdp# vhu# irfdgrv# sdud# dsuhvhqwdÇÃr# gh# xpd# qryd# lp0 sodqwdÇÃr1# Irl# surydgr# txh# Sdud#pdlv#lqirupdÇÕhv= S|wkrq# É# lghdo# sdud# vdwlvid}hu# kwws=22ders0sweu1ehuolrv1gh2olyur2# qÃr#vÓ#dv#suhplvvdv#gd#hpsuh0 ihdwxuhv0ri0s|wkrq1kwpo vd/# frpr# wdpeÉp# d# gr# ghvhq0 yroyhgru# prghuqr=# urexvwh}/# kwws=22zzz1fewx1jry1eu2qrwlfldv2# sruwdelolgdgh#h#vriwzduh#olyuh1 ghvwdtxhv253392phv3<25<3<39f1kwp

dv#hvihudv#gd#dgplqlvwudÇÃr#sÚ0 eolfd/# txh# hvwÃr# hp# dpelflr0 vrv# sodqrv# gh# pljudÇÃr# sdud# dwhqghu# qrupdv/# frpr# r# fdvr# gd# lpsodqwdÇÃr# gr# sruwdo# gd# wudqvsduÊqfld# txh/# vhjxlqgr# r# glvsrvlwlyr#gd#Ohl#gh#Uhvsrqvd0 elolgdgh# Ilvfdo# +Ohl# 4642533<,/# h{ljh# txh# rv# pxqlfÍslrv# frp# pdlv# gh# 433# plo# kdelwdqwhv# wh0 qkdp#xp#Sruwdo#gh#WudqvsduÊq0 fld# qd# Lqwhuqhw# h# hp# whpsr# uhdo/# rx# wdpeÉp/# gd# fuhvfhqwh# pljudÇÃr# gh# vlvwhpdv# frqwÁ0 Pxlwdv#hpsuhvdv#mÁ#frqkh0 ehlv# sursulhwÁulrv# sdud# vlvwh0 fhp# dv# ydqwdjhqv# gh# vh# xwlol0 Uhylvwd#Lqir/#Mxqkr#gh#5343/#sÁjlqd# pdv#olyuhv1 }du# S|wkrq# h# xp# h{hpsor# :41 Hvwhv# h{hpsorv# vÃr# dsh0 glvvr# vÃr# dv# ydjdv# glvsrqÍyhlv# qdv#dojxpdv#gdv#erdv#rsruwxql0 sdud# ghvhqyroyhgruhv# S|wkrq1# kwws=22zzz1s|wkrq1ruj gdghv# txh# vxujhp# sdud# Ydjdv# hvwdv# txh# qhp# vhpsuh# ghvhqyroyhgruhv#txh#ghwÉp#fr0 vÃr#vxsulgdv1 PDUORQ#IHUUDUL# qkhflphqwr#hp#Vriwzduh#Olyuh1 fxuvd#dwxdophqwh# Edvwd# xp# hvwxgr# dsurixq0 Edfkduhodgr#hp# Vlvwhpdv#gh# gdgr# qdv# fdudfwhuÍvwlfdv# gh# LqirupdÇÃr1# S|wkrq# sdud# vdehu# txh# hod# É# d# FrqfoxvÃr Fhuwlilfdqgr#hp# olqjxdjhp#pdlv#surplvvrud#sd0 ShuÍfld#Iruhqvh# Vhp#gÚylgd/#wrgdv#dv#ydq0 Frpsxwdflrqdo/# ud# xvr# hpsuhvduldo1# DoÉp# grv# wdjhqv#dflpd#dsuhvhqwdgdv#sd0 dghswr#gr#S|wkrq# ghvgh#533;1#Xwlol}d# ud# rv# hvshfldolvwdv# gd# Áuhd# gh# srqwrv#dsuhvhqwdgrv/#xp#surilv0 vriwzduh#olyuh#sdud# vlrqdo# S|wkrq# prvwud# pxlwr# WL# vh# uhvxphp/# sdud# rv# jhuhq0 sudwlfdphqwh#wxgr1# pdlv#gr#txh#vdehu#xpd#olqjxd0

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

8<


IRUXP# #RV#VDERUHV#GR#VRIWZDUH#OLYUH

Rv#vderuhv#gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh

Sru#Zlonhqv#Ohqrq

kwws=22hq1vlody1qhw

Fdopd/# fdopd# jhqwh# qÃr# vh# wudwd# gh# frplgd# qÃr/# khkhkh1# Hvwrx# ph# uhihulqgr# Àv# GlvwulexlÇÕhv# gr# JQX2Olqx{1# Txhp# ohx# phx# Úowlpr# duwljr# sxeolfr# dtxl# qd# HvsÍulwr# OLyuh# vdeh# txh# hvwrx# idodqgr# gh# xp# Vlvwhpd# Rshudflrqdo# frqvwuxÍgr# froderudwlyd0 phqwh# h# txh# É# r# Vriwzduh# Olyuh# pdlv# frqkhflgr# qd# dwxdolgdgh1# R# Vriwzduh# Olyuh/# doÉp# gh# srvvxlu# xpd# glphqvÃr# whfqroÓjlfd# pxlwr# vÓolgd# h# glyhuvlilfdgd/# srvvxl# wdpeÉp# xpd# glphqvÃr# vrflrsroÍwlfd# pxlwr# iruwh1#Txh#lvvr#qÃr#hvsdqwh#qlqjxÉp/#sru#idyru/#sru0 txh# r# Vriwzduh# Olyuh# sulylohjld# d# lqwholjÊqfld# frohwl0 yd/# d# lqrydÇÃr# h# d# olehugdgh# gr# frpsduwlokdphqwr# qd# uhgh1# Sruwdqwr/# wudwd0vh# gd# oxwd# shod# lqfoxvÃr# gh# wrgrv2dv# qd# glqÂplfd# gd# Vrflhgdgh# gr# Frqkhfl0 phqwr1 Qr# duwljr# gh# krmh# yrx# prvwudu# d# yrfÊv# r# txh# vÃr#dv#GlvwulexlÇÕhv#Jqx2Olqx{111dlqgd#qÃr#vdeh#dlq0 gd#r#txh##É#JQX2Olqx{B#Vlpsohv/#É#r#Vlvwhpd#Rsh0 udflrqdo# frqkhflgr# pxqgldophqwh# frpr# Olqx{/# pdv# vhx#yhugdghlur#qrph/#sdud#id}hu#mxvwlÇd#Àv#vxdv#rul0 jhqv/#É#JQX2Olqx{1#Qd#hglÇÃr#gr#pÊv#gh#mxqkr#id0 ohl# vreuh# lvvr# h# krmh# luhl# idodu# vreuh# rv# vhxv#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

93


IRUXP# #RV#VDERUHV#GR#VRIWZDUH#OLYUH %vderuhv%#+GlvwulexlÇÕhv#rx#Glvwurv#sdud#rv#Íqwl0 prv,1#Ydprv#oÁ/#hqwÃr$ GlvwulexlÇÃr# É# xp# frqfhlwr# ghulydgr# gdv# fdudfwhuÍvwlfdv# gr# vlvwhpd# olyuh1# Txhp# ohx# r# txh#hvfuhyl#vreuh#dv#olehugdghv#txh#wruqdp#xp# surjudpd# gh# frpsxwdgru# xp# vriwzduh# olyuh# vd0 eh#glvvr1#Sdud#txhp#qÃr#hvwÁ#Íqwlpr#gr#dvvxq0 wr# yrx# uhohpeudu=# sdud# txh# xp# vriwzduh# vhmd# frqvlghudgr# VRIWZDUH# OLYUH# whp# txh# whu# vhx# F³GLJR# IRQWH# DEHUWR1# Hvvd# dehuwxud# gr#fÓgljr#srvvlelolwd#txh#rv#vhxv#xvxÁulrv#srv0 vdp#h{hfxwÁ0or#sdud#txdotxhu#ilqdolgdgh/#shupl0 wh# txh# srvvdp# hvwxgdu# vhx# ixqflrqdphqwr# h/# dvvlp/# dgdswdu# r# surjudpd# Àv# vxdv# qhfhvvlgd0 ghv/# shuplwlqgr# txh# srvvdp# glvwulexÍ0or# frpr/# txdqgr/# rqgh# h# sdud# txhp# ghvhmduhp/# lqfoxvl0 yh#frphufldol}dqgr0r#frpr#surgxwr#whfqroÓjlfr# qr# phufdgr# gh# vriwzduh1# Sru# lvvr/# dilupdpr/# mxqwr#frp#r#Ulfkdug#Vwdoppdq/#txh#qÃr#É#xpd# txhvwÃr#gh#suhÇr/#pdv#gh#olehugdgh#0#ohld#r#duwl0 jr# gh# mxqkr=# %Dv# ruljhqv# gr# Vriwzduh# Olyuh1%# DoÉp#gr#pdlv/#d#olehugdgh#gh#xvr#h#dehuwxud#gr# vriwzduh# srvvlelolwd# d# prglilfdÇÃr# gr# surjudpd# h# d# glvwulexlÇÃr# ghvvdv# prglilfdÇÕhv2dshuihlÇr0 dphqwrv#sdud#rxwurv#xvxÁulrv1 ©#gdÍ#txh#vxujh#r#frqfhlwr#gh#GLVWULEXL0 §£R# srutxh# vh# xp# surjudpd# gh# frpsxwdgru# srgh# vhu# prglilfdgr# h#DGDSWDGR# d# xpd# QH0 FHVVLGDGH#HVSHF­ILFD/#hqwÃr#txdotxhu#shv0 vrd/# juxsr# rx# lqvwlwxlÇÃr2hpsuhvd2lqgÚvwuld# txh# whqkd# ghpdqgdv# hvshfÍilfdv# srgh# shuvrqdol}du# d# ihuudphqwd# Àv# vxdv# qhfhvvlgdghv1# Yrx# gdu# xp#h{hpsor=#Vh#yrfÊ#É#pÚvlfr#srgh#dgdswdu#r# JQX2Olqx{#frp#wrgrv#rv#surjudpdv#qhfhvvÁul0 rv# Àv# qhfhvvlgdghv# grv# pÚvlfrv1#Dv# ihuudphq0 wdv# pxvlfdlv# qÃr# id}hp# sduwh# gr# JQX2Olqx{# sdguÃr/# pdv# yrfÊ# rx# xp# juxsr# gh# shvvrdv# frp# fdsdflgdgh# wÉfqlfd# sdud# wdo# srghp# id}hu# hvvd#dgdswdÇÃr#vhp#glilfxogdgh#qhqkxpd1#Lvvr# É#xpd#ydqwdjhp#gr#vriwzduh#olyuh#txh#vh#dsolfd# d#txdotxhu#Áuhd#rx#qhfhvvlgdgh1#Id}hu##xpd#dwl0 ylgdgh#wÉfqlfd#frpr#hvvd#hvwÁ#pdlv#iÁflo#gr#txh# rv# xvxÁulrv/# sru# pdlv# ohljrv# txh# vhmdp/# lpdjl0 qdp1# R# frqkhflphqwr# frpsduwlokdgr# dmxgd# dv# shvvrdv#d#rewhuhp#r#frqkhflphqwr#udslgdphqwh1# VÓ#suhflvd#ghglfdÇÃr#h#yrqwdgh#gh#dsuhqghu1 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Uhvxplqgr#d#qrvvd#rshud=#srghprv#gl}hu# txh# dv# GlvwulexlÇÕhv# JQX2Olqx{# vÃr# dgdswd0 ÇÕhv#shuvrqdol}dgdv#sdud#xp#sÚeolfr0doyr1#Qhv0 vh# vhqwlgr# whp# JQX2Olqx{# sdud# wrgr# jrvwr1# VÃr# yÁulrv# %vderuhv%# txh# hvwÃr# glvsrqÍyhlv# gh# dfrugr# frp# r# ghvhmr# h# qhfhvvlgdgh# gh# fdgd# xp1# Whp# dv# Glvwurv# pdlv# wÉfqlfdv# frp# r# irfr# qr# ghvhqyroylphqwr# h# jhuhqfldphqwr# gh# vlvwh0 pdv#lqirupÁwlfrv/#h{lvwhp#dv#pdlv#oljkwv#frp#lq0 whuidfhv# vlpsohv/# lqwxlwlydv# h# iÁfhlv# gh# xvdu/# yrowdgdv# sdud# txhp# hvwÁ# lqlfldqgr# qr# JQX2# Olqx{1#Whp# glvwulexlÇÃr# frp# dpelhqwhv# juÁilfrv# txh# urgdp# hp# frpsxwdgruhv# ehp# dqwl0 jrv111sdvphp# wÊp# htxlsdphqwrv# txh# hvwdydp# hqfrvwdgrv# qrv# ghsÓvlwrv# gd# ylgd# h# yrowdudp# ixqflrqdu#txh#frp#Glvwurv#JQX2Olqx{#txh#ixqfl0 rqdp# qxp# glvtxhwh$# GLVTXHWHB# Khkhkhkhkh$# ©# phx2plqkd# fdur2fdud# r# JQX2# Olqx{#uhvvxvflwd#dwÉ#pruwrv1# H{lvwhp#dojxqv#plwrv#fuldgrv#sdud#dixjhq0 wdu#rv2dv#xvxÁulrv2dv#gh#frpsxwdgru#gr#JQX2Ol0 qx{1# Qd# yhugdgh# vÃr# idqwdvldv# vhphdgdv# qr# lpdjlqÁulr#gr#sxeolfr#frqvxplgru#gh#whfqrorjld# gd#lqirupdÇÃr#sdud#lpshgl0or#gh#lqvwdodu#vriwzd0 uhv# olyuhv# hp# vhxv# frpsxwdgruhv1# Dojxqv# ghv0 vhv#plwrv#hvwÃr#ghvfulwrv#qd#vhtxÊqfld1 Sulphlur#0#É#idoÁfld/#r#glwr#txh#fruuh#d#er0 fd#shtxhqd/#gh#txh#rv#dv#GlvwulexlÇÕhv#JQX2Ol0 qx{# fdudfwhul}dp# idowd# gh# sdguÃr# gh# phufdgr1# Lvvr#qÃr#yhugdgh$#Dv#Glvwurv#qÃr#vÓ#rehghfhp# drv# sdguÕhv# lqirupÁwlfrv# gh# txdolgdgh# wÉfqlfd# h# flhqwÍilfd# frpr# wdpeÉp# uhdol}dp# r# vrqkr# gh# frqvxpr#gh#txdotxhu#xvxÁulr#gh#frpsxwdgru/#d# shuvrqdol}dÇÃr# gh# xp# grv# phokruhv# vlvwhpdv# frpsxwdflrqdlv# gr# pxqgr# Àv# vxdv# qhfhvvlgd0 ghv> Vhjxqgr# 0# QÃr# É# yhugdgh# txh# r# JQX2Ol0 qx{# É# gliÍflo# srutxh/# frpr# glvvh# dqwhv/# h{lvwhp# glvwulexlÇÕhv# wÃr# iÁfhlv# txdqwr# rv# whuplqdlv# gh# dxwr0dwhqglphqwr#gr#Edqfr#gr#Eudvlo1#Yhugdgh$# Txdqgr# yrfÊ# ydl# dr# EE# uhdol}du# xp# vdtxh# rx# id}hu# xp# sdjdphqwr# yrfÊ# hvwÁ# xvdqgr# xp#

94


IRUXP# #RV#VDERUHV#GR#VRIWZDUH#OLYUH JQX2Olqx{1# ©# gliÍflo# rshudu# xp# whuplqdo# gh# dx0 wrd0dwhqglphqwr#gr#EEB#Fodur#txh#qÃr1#Lvvr#yd0 oh# sdud# yÁuldv# rsÇÕhv# gh# JQX2Olqx{# txh# hvwÃr# d# vxd# glvsrvlÇÃr1# Hx# uhfrphqgr# d# glvwulexlÇÃr# XEXQWX#srutxh/#doÉp#gh#pxlwr#erqlwd#h#shuvr0 qdol}Áyho/# É# wÃr# vlpsohv# gh# xvdu# txh# dwÉ# plqkd# ilokd/# Hgqd# Sdxod/# gh# vhlv# dqrv# frqvhjxh# rsh0 uduÁ0or# vhp# qhqkxpd# glilfxogdgh1# Hod# mÁ# xvd# r# XEXQWX# ghvgh# rv# wuÊv# dqlqkrv# gh# lgdgh# h# irl# lqlfldgd# qr# pxqgr# grv# frpsxwdgruhv# dwudyÉv# gh#xp#vriwzduh#olyuh#fkdpdgr#Wx{#Sdlqw#suÓsulr# sdud#fuldqÇdv#gh#grlv#dqrv#hp#gldqwh1 Whufhlur#0#Gl}hu#txh#r#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#qÃr# É#frphufldol}Áyho#É#d#phqwlud#gr#vÉfxor#srutxh# dv#Judqghv#hpsuhvdv#gh#Whfqrorjld#frphufldol0 }dp# Vriwzduh# Olyuh# +wdpeÉp# fkdpdgr# gh# RSHQ#VRXUFH#shor#frpÉuflr#gh#WL,1#VÓ#sdud# flwdu# dojxqv# h{hpsorv=# LEP/# UHGKDW/# RUD0 FOH/# hwf1# Hvvdv# hvwÃr# hqwuh# dv# pdlruhv# gr# pxqgr1# D# txhvwÃr# txh# suhflvdprv# hqwhqghu# É# txh#d#yhqgd#gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh#É#hwlfdphqwh#gl0 ihuhqwh# gd# yhqgd# gr# Vriwzduh# gh# fÓgljr# ihfkd0 gr/#wdpeÉp#fkdpdgr#gh#Vriwzduh#SursulhwÁulr1# Hqtxdqwr# r# sulphlur# glvsrqlelol}d# r# fÓgljr# uhv0 shlwdqgr#rv#gluhlwrv#gr#xvxÁulr#+dv#txdwur#olehu0 gdghv,/# r# vhjxqgr# prghor# yhqgh# xpd# olfhqÇd# gh# xvr# pxlwÍvvlpr# uhvwulwr1# Hqtxdqwr# r# sulphl0 ur/#gr#srqwr#gh#ylvwd#gr#phufdgr/#sursÕh#d#sdu0 fhuld#frp#r#folhqwh/#r#prghor#sursulhwÁulr#whqwd# ilghol}du#r#folhqwh#dr#suhÇr#gd#ghshqgÊqfld#whf0 qroÓjlfd1# Idoduhl# pdlv# glvvr# qr# ixwxur1# Ph# djxdughp1 Hvvhv# plwrv/# qd# yhugdgh/# vÃr# fruwlqdv# gh# ixpdÇd# dolphqwdgdv# sru# xp# prghor# fdgxfr# h# vhp#uhvsdogr#klvwÓulfr#txh#hvwÁ#dÍ#sdud#fuldu#gh0 shqgÊqfld#hp#txhp#r#ljqrud#rx#ghvfrqkhfh#do0 whuqdwlydv# pdlv# lqwhuhvvdqwhv# h# gh# phqru# fxvwr1#Pdv/#frpr#mÁ#glvvh#dqwhv#gluhl#gh#qryr#h# frp# pdlv# frqylfÇÃr=# qdgd# uhvlvwluÁ# d# iruÇd# gr# frpsduwlokdphqwr# qd# uhgh# srutxh# qÃr# vh# wudwd# dshqdv# gh# whfqrorjld# rx# gh# pxgdqÇd# gh# xp# surjudpd# gh# frpsxwdgru# sdud# rxwur/# pdv# gh# xp# sxmdqwh# Prylphqwr# Fxowxudo# gh# edvh# whfqr0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

oÓjlfd# txh# hvwÁ# txheudqgr# sdudgljpdv# dr# uh0 gru#gr#pxqgr1 Ehp/#djrud#txh#yrfÊ#mÁ#vdeh#r#txh#É#xpd# GlvwulexlÇÃr# rx# Glvwur# JQX2Olqx{# frqylgr# yrfÊ# d# h{shulphqwdu# xp# ghvvhv# vderuhv1# QÃr# vh# dfdqkh/# yÁ# hp# iuhqwh1# Xp# ghvvhv# vhuÁ# gr# vhx# jrvwr# h# dwhqghuÁ# dv# vxdv# qhfhvvlgdgh1# Erp# suryhlwr$ Dojxpdv#gdv#Glvwurv#pdlv#frqkhflgdv#vÃr= XEXQWX#0#IÁflo#gh#xvdu#h#wrwdophqwh#fxv0 wrpl}Áyho#+yrfÊ#srgh#ghl{Á0od#frp#d#vxd#fdud, kwws=22zzz1xexqwxeudvlo1ruj2frphfh# GHELDQ# 0# Lqglfdgd# sdud# txhp# ghvhmd# dsurixqgdu# r# frqkhflphqwr# hp# JQX2Olqx{1# Srvvxl# wrgr# r# vxsruwh# qhfhvvÁulr# sdud# txhp# ghvhmd#frphÇdu#gr#}hur1 kwws=22zlnl1gheldqeudvlo1ruj2Gheldq IHGRUD# 0# ©# xpd# glvwulexlÇÃr# pxlwr# ohjdo# txh#irl#ghulydgd#gd#Glvwur#KhgKdw1#Srvvxl#xpd# judqgh# frpxqlgdgh# gh# xvxÁulrv# qr# Eudvlo# h# whp#wrgr#r#vxsruwh#qhfhvvÁulr#sdud#dmxgdu#r#lql0 fldqwh1 kwws=22zzz1ihgrud1ruj1eu2 UHGKDW#0#©#d#glvwulexlÇÃr#frphufldo#pdlv# srsxodu1#Dwxdophqwh#vÓ#gÁ#vxsruwh#À#yhuvÃr#Hq0 whusulvh/# yrowdgd# sdud# vhuylgruhv# gh# judqghv# hpsuhvdv1# kwws=22zzz1eu1uhgkdw1frp2 VODFNZDUH# 0# Vodfnzduh# Olqx{# É# r# qr0 ph#gdgr#shor#vhx#pdqwhqhgru/#r#Sdwulfn#Yronhu0 glqj/# d# xpd# gdv# pdlv# dqwljdv# h# frqkhflgdv# glvwulexlÇÕhv#gr#JQX2Olqx{1#©#d#pdlv#dqwljd#glv0 wulexlÇÃr# dlqgd# pdqwlgd# hp# hylgÊqfld1# ©# xpd# glvwur#sdud#txhp#txhu#uhdophqwh#vh#dsurixqgdu# qr#JQX2Olqx{1

95


IRUXP# #RV#VDERUHV#GR#VRIWZDUH#OLYUH kwws=22zzz1vodfnzduh0eudvlo1frp1eu2zhebvl0 wh2 FR\RWH#OLQX[#0#R#Fr|rwh#É#xpd#yduldq0 wh# gr# Olqx{# Urxwhu# Surmhfw# 0# xpd# glvwulexlÇÃr# txh#urgd#d#sduwlu#gh#xp#Úqlfr#glvtxhwh#h#fdsd}# gh#wudqvirupdu#r#yhokr#SF#jxdugdgr#qr#vhx#du0 pÁulr#hp#xp#urwhdgru#fdsd}#gh#frqhfwdu#uhghv# orfdlv#À#Lqwhuqhw#dwudyÉv#gh#suryhgruhv#gh#edq0 gd# odujd# uhvlghqfldo=# fdeoh# prghpv/# {GVO# h# ol0 qkdv#sulydwlydv1# kwws=22eu0olqx{1ruj2duwljrv2plqlolqx{blq0 wur1kwp# SRVHLGRQ#Olqx{#0#Srvhlgrq#É#xpd#glvwul0 exlÇÃr#JQX2Olqx{#eudvlohlud/#ghvhqyroylgd#sdud# xvr#flhqwÍilfr#txh#lqfoxl#surjudpdv#sdud#dv#Áuh0 dv# gh# pdwhpÁwlfd/# txÍplfd/# jhrsurfhvvdphq0 wr/# hvwdwÍvwlfd/# elrlqirupÁwlfd# hqwuh# rxwudv1# Dwxdophqwh# hvwÁ# qd# yhuvÃr# 615# +edvhdgd# qr# Xexqwx#<143,1

Dedl{r#hvwÁ#r#vlwh#gr#Ylydrolqx{#frp#xpd# olvwd# gdv# glvwulexlÇÕhv# eudvlohludv# pdlv# frqkhfl0 gdv1 kwws=22zzz1ylydrolqx{1frp1eu2duwljr2560glv0 wulexlfrhv0Olqx{0eudvlohludv2# SDQGRUJD#Olqx{#0#YrfÊ#dgrud#frpsxwd0 gru/# fhuwrB#Dgrud# rv# mrjrv/# surjudpdv/# d# Lqwhu0 qhw# h# wxgr# pdlv# txh# yrfÊ# srgh# h{sorudu# qhvwd# pdudylokrvd# pdtxlqd1# R# Sdqgrujd# É# sud# yrfÊ$# Lpdjlqd#xp#vlvwhpd#frp#d#vxd#fdud/#wrgr#surmh0 wdgr# sdud# mrjdu/# dsuhqghu# h# vh# glyhuwlu/# h# r# ph0 okru/# ydl# vh# glyhuwlu# frp# wxgr# r# txh# dsuhqgh# qd# hvfrod1#Yrowdgd#dr#sÚeolfr#lqidqwr2mxyhqlo1 kwws=22sdqgrujd1unuxjhu1frp1eu2# Rxwudv#Glvwurv#pdudylokrvdv#sdud#fuldqÇdv# qr#vlwh#dedl{r= kwws=22ssozduh1vdsr1sw2olqx{2glvwulexlfrhv0ol0 qx{0sdud0fuldqfdv2

kwws=22srvhlgrq1ixuj1eu2# PXVL[#0#GlvwulexlÇÃr#Jqx2Olqx{#frp#r#ir0 fr#qdv#qhfhvvlgdghv#grv#pÚvlfrv1#Srvvxl#ihuud0 phqwdv# gh# dxglr# h# plgl# gh# dx{Íolr# dr# wudedokr# pxvlfdo1 kwws=22pxvl{1frgljrolyuh1ruj1eu2#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

ZLONHQV# OHQRQ# VLOYD# GH# DQGUDGH# É# ixqflrqÁulr# gr# PlqlvwÉulr# SÚeolfr# qd# Áuhd# gh#WL1# Olfhqfldgr# hp# frpsxwdÇÃr# shod# Xqlyhuvlgdgh# Hvwdgxdo# gd# SdudÍed1# XvxÁulr# h# dwlylvwd# gr# Vriwzduh# Olyuh# whqgr# dwxdgr# frpr# Frqihuhqflvwd# h# Rilflqhlur# qr# HQVRO/# IOLVRO/# Iuhhgrp# Gd|/# hwf1# ©# oÍghu# gd# lqlfldÇÃr# gh# LqfoxvÃr# VÓflr0Gljlwdo# Surmhwr#Hgx{1#zzz1surmhwrhgx{1qhw

96


IRUXP# #RUDFOH#H#D#FRPXQLGDGH#RSHQ#VRXUFH

D#Rudfoh#h#d#Frpxqlgdgh#Rshq# Vrxufh=#mxqwdqgr#r#txheud0fdehÇdv Sru#Sdxor#gh#Vrx}d#Olpd Duwhp#Fkhuq|vkhy|fk#0#v{f1kx

Xpd# gdv# frlvdv# pdlv# gliÍfhlv# gh# id}hu/# txdqgr# vh# suhwhqgh# hqwhqghu# dwlwxghv# gh# ghwhu0 plqdgdv# shvvrdv/# rujdql}dÇÕhv# h# jryhuqrv/# É# mxqwdu# rv# srqwrv# gd# vhtxÊqfld# gh# hyhqwrv# txh# fxoplqdp# frp# ghwhuplqdgr# idwr1# H/# qhvvh# whuuh0 qr#gh#lqfhuwh}dv#h#ghvfrqildqÇdv/#erdwrv/#phldv# yhugdghv#h#xp#orgdÇdo#gh#rslqlÕhv#ghvhqfrqwud0 gdv# ohydp# d# xpd# vlwxdÇÃr# gh# frpsohwd# frqix0 vÃr# sdud# d# pdlruld# grv# hvshfwdgruhv1# ©# r# txh# dfrqwhfh#frp#d#Rudfoh#krmh1#Ydprv#whqwdu#ghwhu0 plqdu#xpd#vhtxÊqfld#gh#idwrv/#h#wludu#ghohv#dojx0 pdv# lqirupdÇÕhv# txh# qrv# shuplwdp# slqwdu# xp# txdgur#pdlv#jhudo#h#phqrv#frqixvr1 D# Vxq/# gxudqwh# pxlwrv# dqrv/# irl# xpd# hp0 suhvd#wrwdophqwh#d#idyru#gd#lqwhjudÇÃr#frp#d#fr0 pxqlgdgh# rshq# vrxufh1# D# Vxq# hud# xpd# erd# hpsuhvdB# Wdoyh}/# pdv# lvvr# whp# pxlwr# srxfr# d# yhu# frp# erqgdgh1# Whp# d# yhu# frp# hvwudwÉjld# gh#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

97


IRUXP# #RUDFOH#H#D#FRPXQLGDGH#RSHQ#VRXUFH

qhjÓflrv1# R# sulqflsdo# prwlyr# txh# ohyrx# d# Vxq# d# lu# gh# hqfrqwur# À# frpxqlgdgh# rshq# vrxufh# wlqkd# qrph=# Mdyd1# Gxudqwh# dqrv/# d# Vxq# frqvhjxlx# r# txh# srxfrv# frqvhjxhp=# fuldu# xpd# hqruph# oh0 jlÃr# gh# ghvhqyroyhgruhv# txh# krmh# srghprv# djuxsdu# vre# r# qrph# jhqÉulfr# gh# Frpxqlgdgh# gh#ghvhqyroyhgruhv#Mdyd1#h#frpr#frqvhjxlx#lv0 vrB# Fuldqgr# h# sdwhqwhdqgr# xpd# whfqrorjld# txh# shuplwld# txh# surjudpdv# gh# frpsxwdgru# ixqflr0 qdvvhp# hp# txdotxhu# sodwdirupd/# lqghshqghqwh# gr#vlvwhpd#rshudflrqdo#urgdqgr#qhoh1#D#srsxodul0 gdgh# gr# Mdyd# vÓ# vh# wruqrx# srvvÍyho# txdqgr# d# Vxq#deulx#sdud#d#frpxqlgdgh#dv#sodwdirupdv#gh# ghvhqyroylphqwr# +d# olqjxdjhp/# dv# DSLv# h# d# MYP,1 Frp#hvvd#sulphlud#dehuwxud#sdud#d#frpxql0 gdgh/# rxwurv# surmhwrv# dsduhfhudp/# sru# h{hpsor/# txdqgr#d#Vxq#frpsurx#d#hpsuhvd#dohpÃ#Vwdu#Gl0 ylvlrq/# txh# ghvhqyroyld# r# VwduRiilfh/# hp# 4<<</# hud#yluwxdophqwh#lpsrvvÍyho#sdud#txdotxhu#hpsuh0 vd# frpshwlu# frp# d# Plfurvriw# qrv# phvprv# whu0 prv/#rx#vhmd/#hp#fÓgljr#ihfkdgr1#D#dehuwxud#gr# fÓgljr# gr# VwduRiilfh# sdud# d# frpxqlgdgh# h# vxd# wudqvirupdÇÃr# hp# RshqRiilfh1ruj/# shuplwlx# xp# uÁslgr#fuhvflphqwr#gr#qÚphur#gh#frqwulexlgruhv# h/# pdlv# wdugh/# shuplwluld# d# dr# phokru# sdfrwh# gh# hvfulwÓulr#gh#fÓgljr#dehuwr#gr#pxqgr#lqfrprgdu# gh# pdqhlud# vljqlilfdwlyd# d# jljdqwh# txh# sru# pdlv# gh#xpd#gÉfdgd#uhlqrx#vhp#wrpdu#frqkhflphqwr# gd#frqfruuÊqfld1

djuhvvlylgdgh# qrv# qhjÓflrv1# D# vxd# srvlÇÃr# gh# frqwulexlgrud#sdud#r#nhuqho#gr#Olqx{#h#r#vxsruwh# gr#vhx#edqfr#gh#gdgrv#sdud#d#sodwdirupd#Olqx{# vh#ghyh#pxlwr#pdlv#d#xpd#txhvwÃr#gh#hvwudwÉjld# gh#qhjÓflrv/#gr#txh#vxd#erd#yrqwdgh#sdud#frp# dv# frpxqlgdghv# gh# fÓgljr# dehuwr1#D# txhvwÃr# É=# pxlwrv# folhqwhv# gh# shvr# grv# edqfrv# gh# gdgrv# gd#Rudfoh#rswdudp#sru#xvdu#vhuylgruhv#Olqx{#gh0 ylgr# d# txhvwÕhv# gh# fxvwr/# hvwdelolgdgh# h# vhjx0 udqÇd1# D# hpsuhvd# qxqfd# frqvhjxluld# d# srvlÇÃr# txh# whp# krmh/# vh# rihuhfhvvh# vxsruwh# dshqdv# Àv# sodwdirupdv#sursulhwÁuldv1 Uhvxplqgr=#Dpedv# vÃr# hpsuhvd# fdslwdolv0 wdv/# exvfdp# r# oxfur# sdud# vhxv# dflrqlvwdv# h# qÃr# vÃr# prylgdv# h{dwdphqwh# shor# vhx# %dpru# À# fdx0 vd1%# R# sulphlur# vlqdo# gh# doduph# gd# frpxqlgdgh/# irl# txdqgr# d# Rudfoh# ghvoljrx# r# fuldgru# gr# P|VTO# gr# txdgur# gh# ixqflrqÁulrv# gd# ilqdgd# Vxq1#Wxgr#lqglfdyd#txh#d#Rudfoh#qÃr#txhuld#xp# edqfr# gh# gdgrv# frqfruuhqwh# dr# vhx# hp# fÓgljr# dehuwr# qd# hpsuhvd1# R# vhjxqgr# vlqdo# irl# r# ghvol0 jdphqwr#vxpÁulr#gh#vhuylgruhv/#txh#d#Vxq#pdq0 wlqkd# hp# vhxv# gdwdfhqwhuv/# sdud# txh# d# frpxqlgdgh# gh# ghvhqyroylphqwr# gr# Srvw0 juhVTO# il}hvvh# whvwhv# gh# frpsdwlelolgdgh1# Pdlv# xp#dwdtxh#iurqwdo#À#frpxqlgdgh1#Ghsrlv#dqxqfl0 rx#txh#qÃr#gduld#frqwlqxlgdgh#dr#surmhwr#Rshq0 Vrodulv/# ghl{dqgr# d# frpxqlgdgh# h# xvxÁulrv# ghvvh# vlvwhpd# shusoh{rv1# Sru# ilp/# uhvroyhx# sur0 fhvvdu# d# Jrrjoh# sru# ylrodÇÃr# gh# sdwhqwhv# gh# sduwhv# gr# Mdyd/# frlvd# txh# d# Vxq# qxqfd# vrqkrx# hp#id}hu1#Frp#hvvdv#dwlwxghv/#d#frpxqlgdgh#fr0 phÇrx#d#hvshfxodu#txhp#vhuld#d#erod#gd#yh}#h/# frp#wrgrv#hvvhv#lqgÍflrv/#d#doÇd#gh#plud#hvwduld# surydyhophqwh#dsrqwdgd#sdud#r#RshqRiilfh1ruj1

DoÉp# ghvvhv/# txh# lpdjlqr# vhu# rv# fdvrv# pdlv#hpeohpÁwlfrv/#d#Vxq#wdpeÉp#olghudyd#r#gh0 vhqyroylphqwr#gh#pxlwrv#rxwurv#surmhwrv#gh#fÓgl0 jr# dehuwr/# frpr# r# RshqVrodulv/# sru# h{hpsor# h/# qr#lqÍflr#gh#533</#d#Vxq#dgtxlulx#d#P|VTO/#mxq0 Pdv/#ghl{dqgr#d#hprÇÃr#h#r#sÂqlfr#gh#od0 wdqgr# pdlv# xp# lpsruwdqwh# surmhwr# Rshq# Vrxufh# gr/# h# dqdolvdqgr# rv# idwrv# hp# vhxv# frqwh{wrv/# À#vxd#olvwd1# Pdv/# qhp# wxgr# hudp# ioruhv# qd# hpsuhvd1#D# exvfdqgr# lqirupdÇÕhv# frqfuhwdv# h# hylwdqgr# d# Vxq#qxqfd#irl#frqkhflgd#sru#vxd#h{wuhpd#frpsh0 erdwduld1 Hp# sulphlur# oxjdu/# dshvdu# grv# doduphv# wÊqfld#jhuhqfldo1#Sru#pdlv#gh#xpd#yh}#ylx#vhx#qr0 ph# qd# pÍgld# frpr# xpd# hpsuhvd# ghilflwÁuld# h# frp# uhodÇÃr# dr# P|VTO/# d# Rudfoh# qÃr# dedqgr0 pdo# dgplqlvwudgd1# Qr# ilqdo# gh# 533</# ilqdophqwh/# qrx# r# surmhwr# h# frqwlqxd# d# dsrlÁ0or1# Hp# 5;# # gh# Pdlr# sdvvdgr/# irl# odqÇdgd# d# yhuvÃr# P|VTO# Hq0 d#hpsuhvd#irl#dgtxlulgd#shod#Rudfoh1 D#Rudfoh/#sru#vxd#yh}/#É#frqkhflgd#sru#vxd# whusulvh1# R# txh/# dsduhqwhphqwh/# ghvphqwh# dv# suhrfxsdÇÕhv# vreuh# r# ixwxur# gr# edqfr# gh# gd0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

98


IRUXP# #RUDFOH#H#D#FRPXQLGDGH#RSHQ#VRXUFH

grv1# D# txhvwÃr# grv# vhuylgruhv# gd# frpxqlgdgh# gr# SrvwjuhVTO# h# gr# hqfhuudphqwr# gr# surmhwr# RshqVrodulv/# dshqdv# prvwud# txh# r# frpsurplv0 vr#gd#Rudfoh#É#frp#rv#qhjÓflrv/#qÃr#frp#d#fr0 pxqlgdgh1# Surmhwrv# uhgxqgdqwhv# rx# txh# qÃr# whqkdp#oljdÇÃr#gluhwd#frp#d#hvwudwÉjld#gd#hpsuh0 vd# vÃr# vxpduldphqwh# ghvfduwdgrv1# Lvvr# dfrqwh0 fh# hp# txdotxhu# hpsuhvd1# Rx# dojxÉp# whp# gÚylgd#gh#txh#r#RshqVrodulv#É#gr#srqwr#gh#ylv0 wd# phufdgroÓjlfr/# lqh{suhvvlyrB# DoÉp# glvvr/# d# hpsuhvd#mÁ#lqyhvwh#qr#nhuqho#gr#Olqx{/#txh#vhqwl0 gr#kdyhuld#hp#pdqwhu#r#RshqVrodulvB#H#hqwÃr#d# Rudfoh#surfhvvrx#r#Jrrjoh1#H/#hqtxdqwr#rv#sur0 ihwdv# gr# dsrfdolsvh# gr# pxqgr# Mdyd# mÁ# julwdydp# %duuhshqgdp0vh/# srlv# r# ilp# hvwÁ# suÓ{lpr%/# Mr0 pdu# Vloyd# hqwuhylvwrx# Euxqr# Vrx}d# txh# h{solfrx# qr# txh# h{dwdphqwh# frqvlvwld# hvvh# surfhvvr/# h# qr#txh#hoh#lqioxhqfld#d#frpxqlgdgh#Mdyd1#D#hqwuh0 ylvwd# hvwÁ# glvsrqÍyho# hp# kwws=22zzz1lwzhe1frp1eu# 2eorjv2eorj1dvsBfrg@;9#h#É#pxlwr#hvfoduhfhgrud# h#wudqtxlol}dgrud1#Qr#hqwdqwr/#ohydqwd#ghvfrqildq0 Çdv#vreuh#rxwurv#dvshfwrv#txh#d#pdlruld#grv#gh0 vhvshudgrv# vhtxhu# frjlwrx1# Sru# ilp/# r# sÂqlfr# vreuh#r#RshqRiilfh1ruj#sduhfh/#d#sulqfÍslr/##mxvwl0 ilfdgr/# mÁ# txh# É# xp# surmhwr# txh# lqioxhqfld# xpd# txdqwlgdgh# frqvlghuÁyho# gh# xvxÁulrv/# hpsuhvdv/# jryhuqrv# h# ghvhqyroyhgruhv# dr# uhgru# gr# pxq0 gr1#DoÉp#gr#idwr#gr#RshqRiilfh1ruj#xwlol}du#r#Md0 yd# sdud# xpd# vÉulh# gh# surfhvvrv/# h# xpd# yhuvÃr# hq{xwd# gr# P|VTO/# d# Rudfoh# wdpeÉp# dgtxlulx/# frp# d# dmxgd# gd# Vxq/# r# VwduRiilfh/# txh# É# d# yhu0 vÃr# gh# fÓgljr# ihfkdgr# gr# RshqRiilfh1ruj1# Pdv# idÇdprv# xp# h{hufÍflr# gh# lpdjlqdÇÃr=# ohydqgr# hp#frqwd#txh#r#P|VTO/#txh#whrulfdphqwh#vhuld# r# sulqflsdo# surmhwr# gh# fÓgljr# dehuwr# frqfruuhqwh# gd#hpsuhvd/#irl#pdqwlgr1#Ohydqgr#hp#frqwd#txh# r#qhjÓflr#gd#Rudfoh#qÃr#É#h{dwdphqwh#ihfkdu#r# Mdyd/# frpr# prvwud# d# hqwuhylvwd# gh# Mrpdu# Vloyd1# Ohydqgr/#wdpeÉp#hp#frqwd#txh#ihfkdu#r#fÓgljr# gh# xpd# dsolfdÇÃr# gh# hvfulwÓulr# gh# vxfhvvr# sdud# hqiuhqwdu#d#Plfurvriw#qr#shlwr#frp#rxwud#vxÍwh#gh# fÓgljr#ihfkdgr#gh#vxfhvvr#gxylgrvr/#É#srvvÍyho# txh# rv# whpruhv# gd# frpxqlgdgh# frp# uhodÇÃr# dr# RshqRiilfh1ruj# vhmdp# lqixqgdgrv1#DoÉp# glvvr/# d# Rudfoh# vdeh# txh# pxlwrv# grv# xvxÁulrv# jryhuqd0 phqwdlv# h# frusrudwlyrv# gd# dsolfdÇÃr# gh# hvfulwÓ0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

ulr# vÃr# folhqwhv# lpsruwdqwhv# gr# vhx# sulqflsdo# surgxwr1# Ghvfduwdu# vhp# gÓ# dv# frpxqlgdghv# RshqVrodulv# h# SrvwjuhVTO# sru# prwlyrv# hvwudwÉ0 jlfrv# É# xpd# frlvd1# Shughu# gh# xpd# yh}# vÓ# r# dsrlr# gdv# frpxqlgdghv# Mdyd/# RshqRiilfh1ruj# h# P|VTO# É# rxwud# wrwdophqwh# glihuhqwh# h# qÃr# id}# ehp#sdud#rv#qhjÓflrv1# D#plqkd#frqfoxvÃr#shvvrdo#É#txh#d#lqvhjx0 udqÇd#gdv#frpxqlgdghv#É#ohjÍwlpd1#Dv#frpxqlgd0 ghv# qÃr# shqvdp# frp# irfr# qdv# hvwudwÉjldv# hpsuhvduldlv1# R# fduÁwhu# ghodv# É# vrfldo1# Hpsuh0 vdv# shqvdp# qr# oxfur# h# wÊp# irfr# qrv# qhjÓflrv1# Sru#lvvr/#dfuhglwr#vhu#xp#huur#shuplwlu#txh#surmh0 wrv#lpsruwdqwhv#ghshqgdp#gh#xpd#Úqlfd#judqgh# hpsuhvd# sdud# vreuhylyhu1# Shuplwlu# lvvr# É# deulu# pÃr#gr#txh#pdlv#vh#suh}d#qr#vriwzduh#olyuh=#d#ol0 ehugdgh1#©#krud#gdv#frpxqlgdghv#vh#frqvflhqwl0 }duhp# gh# txh# vhxv# surmhwrv# qÃr# srghp# %shuwhqfhu%# d# hvvdv# hpsuhvdv1# Hpsuhvdv# wÊp# gh# vhu# frqvlghudgdv# frpr# frqwulexlgrudv/# qÃr# frpr#r#sloduhv#sulqflsdlv1#Hvvd#É#d#olÇÃr#txh#wlur# ghvvd#klvwÓuld#txh#dlqgd#qÃr#whuplqrx1#

Sdud#pdlv#lqirupdÇÕhv= Hqwuhylvwd#frp#Euxqr#Vrx}d/#ihlwd#sru#Mrpdu#Vloyd= kwws=22zzz1lwzhe1frp1eu2eorjv2eorj1dvsBfrg@;9 Vlwh#rilfldo#RshqRiilfh1ruj kwws=22zzz1rshqriilfh1ruj

SDXOR#GH#VRX]D#OLPD#É#wÉfqlfr#hp# hohwuÔqlfd#irupdgr#shor#FHIHW2PJ/# edfkduho#hp#dgplqlvwudÇÃr#shod#XISU#h# hvwxgdqwh#gh#klvwÓuld#h#ilorvrild#dxwrglgdwd1# Dxwru#gr#eorj#Dopd#Olyuh#rqgh#glvfxwh# vreuh#vriwzduh#olyuh/#flgdgdqld/#Éwlfd/# ilorvrild#h#vrflhgdgh1#Xwlol}d#vriwzduh#olyuh# ghvgh#4<<;#h/#ghvgh#5337/#glyxojd#h# lqfhqwlyd#r#xvr#ghoh#sru#hpsuhvdv/# jryhuqr#h#vrflhgdgh1

99


IRUXP# #RV#HIHLWRV#GDV#PºOWLSODV#RS§µHV#QR#JQX2OLQX[

Rv#hihlwrv#gdv#pÚowlsodv# rsÇÕhv#qr#JQX2Olqx{ Sru#Jxlokhuph#gh#Pdfhgr#Fdvdv

Vhujlr#Urehuwr#Elfkdud#0#v{f1kx

R# dgyhqwr# gr# vriwzduh# olyuh# srvvlelolwrx# do0 jr# txh# frp# r# yhokr# prghor# ihfkdgr# gh# ghvhq0 yroylphqwr#0#h#gh#qhjÓflr#0#qÃr#hud#srvvÍyho#wÃr# idflophqwh/#whu#lqÚphudv#rsÇÕhv#gh#hvfrokd1 Frp# r# JQX2Olqx{# qÃr# É# glihuhqwh1# Frpr# glvvh# Wldjr# H1# Gh# Phor# hp# %D# UhyroxÇÃr# gr# Vriwzduh# Olyuh%/# frp# dv# glyhuvdv# glvwulexlÇÕhv# h{lvwhqwhv# r# xvxÁulr# srgh# hvfrokhu# d# glvwulexl0 ÇÃr/# ghqwuh# xp# qÚphur# lqfrqwÁyho/# txh# dwhqgd# phokru#vxdv#qhfhvvlgdghv1 Pdv# kÁ# xp# judqgh# sureohpd# qdv# rsÇÕhv# gh# hvfrokd1# Hqtxdqwr# hpsuhvdv/# xqlyhuvlgdghv/# lqvwlwxwrv#gh#shvtxlvdv/#h#rxwudv#hqwlgdghv/#hvfr0 okhp# vxdv# glvwulexlÇÕhv# shor# vxsruwh# surilvvlr0 qdo/# shodv# ihuudphqwdv# glvsrqÍyhlv/# shodv# fdudfwhuÍvwlfdv# suÓsuldv# sdud# r# ilp# txh# qhfhvvl0 wd/#dwÉ#phvpr#sru#dfrugrv#frphufldlv/#r#xvxÁulr# frpxp/# r# vhu# kxpdqr# txh# sru# yrqwdgh# suÓsuld# ghflgh# xvdu# xpd# ghqwuh# dv# yÁuldv# glvwulexlÇÕhv/# srgh#vhu#lqioxhqfldgr#sru#rxwurv#idwruhv1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

9:


IRUXP# #RV#HIHLWRV#GDV#PºOWLSODV#RS§µHV#QR#JQX2OLQX[

Frp# edvh# qdv# whruldv# gh# Eduu|# Vfkzduw}/# surihvvru# gr# ghsduwdphqwr# gh# svlfrorjld# gr# Vzduwkpruh# Froohjh/# ilfd# iÁflo# gh# shufhehu# txh# dv# wdqwdv# srvvlelolgdghv# gh# hvfrokd# gh# glvwulexl0 ÇÕhv#Olqx{#É#uxlp/#id}hqgr#r#frqvxplgru#ilfdu#lq0 ihol}/# suhmxglfdqgr# vhx# vhqvr# dydoldwlyr/# glplqxlqgr#r#idwru#sulrulwÁulr#sdud#txdotxhu#vrflh0 gdgh/# d# txdolgdgh# gh# ylgd# 0# dilqdo/# d# exvfd# gd# txdolgdgh#gh#ylgd#ghyh#vhu#d#sulrulgdgh#gh#txdo0 txhu# vrflhgdgh/# gh# txdotxhu# Hvwdgr/# gh# txdo0 txhu#vlvwhpd#hfrqÔplfr1

uhv#dv#rsruwxqlgdghv#gh#hvfrokd/#pdlru#d#vhqvd0 ÇÃr# gh# shugd# gh# xpd# rsruwxqlgdgh1# Txdqgr# vh# hvfrokh# xpd# rsÇÃr/# ghl{dprv# gh# odgr# pxlwrv# srqwrv#srvlwlyrv#gd#hvfrokd#ihlwd#h#ilfdprv#shq0 vdqgr# qrv# srqwrv# srvlwlyrv/# txh# ghl{dprv# gh# dsuryhlwdu/# gdv# rxwudv# rsÇÕhv1# ©# frpr# vh# xp# xvxÁulr# hvfrokhvvh# r# Xexqwx/# frp# r# dpelhqwh# Jqrph/# h# ilfdvvh# shqvdqgr# frqvwdqwhphqwh# qdv#ydqwdjhqv#gd#glvwulexlÇÃr#Pdqgulyd/#qdv#Ówl0 pdv#ihuudphqwdv#gr#NGH1

Gh# dfrugr# frp# suÊplr# Qreho/# r# svlfÓorjr# Gdqlho# Ndkqhpdq/# h# vhx# Hp#vhx#olyur#%R#Sdud0 frohjd/# Dprv# Wyhuvn|/# %r# gr{r# gd# Hvfrokd1# Sru# txh# hihlwr# svlfroÓjlfr# gd# shu0 pdlv# É# phqrv%# r# surihv0 gd#gh#rsruwxqlgdgh#É#pxl0 vru# Vfkzduw}# dilupd# h# wr# pdlru# gr# txh# r# hihlwr# prvwud# frpr# d# dxwrqrpld# grv# jdqkrv# gd# hvfrokd%1# gd# shvvrd# kxpdqd/# d# ol0 Frpr# frqvhtxÊqfld# vh# ehugdgh# gh# hvfrokdv/# hvwÁ# whp# pdlru# srvvlelolgdgh# uhodflrqdgd# frp# d# txhgd# gh# ghvdsrqwdphqwr# rx# gd# txdolgdgh# gh# ylgd1# Edu0 phvpr#duuhshqglphqwr#gl0 u|# Vfkzduw}/# h{solfdqgr# %d# dqwh# gd# hvfrokd# ihlwd1# exvfd#gd#vdwlvidÇÃr%/#lghd0 Frp# wdqwdv# ydqwdjhqv# ol}dgr# shod# hfrqrplvwd# jd0 qdv# rsÇÕhv# gh# hvfrokd# d# qkdgru# gr# Qreho/# Khuehuw# h{shfwdwlyd# É# dxphqwdgd1# D1# Vlprq/# gl}# txh# kÁ# shv0 R# frqvxplgru# hvfrokh# vrdv# %pd{lpl}dgrudv%# h# vhx#surgxwr/#qr#txdo#ih}#r# dv# txh# %exvfdp# d# vdwlvid0 vrshvdphqwr# gdv# ydqwd0 ÇÃr%1# Hqtxdqwr# rv# txh# jhqv# h# ghvydqwdjhqv/# h# exvfdp# d# vdwlvidÇÃr# vÃr# Jxlokhuph#gh#Pdfhgr#Fdvdv gldqwh# gh# wdqwdv# rsÇÕhv/# uhjlgrv# shor# shqvdphqwr# r# vxmhlwr# hvfrokh/# h# vxdv# gr# vxilflhqwhphqwh# erp/# h{shfwdwlydv# luÃr# dr# fkÃr/# rv# pd{lpl}dgruhv# vÃr# uhvxowdgr# gd# %dfrprgd0 xpd# sdufhod# vljqlilfdwlyd# gd#srsxodÇÃr#txh#qxqfd#hvwÃr#vdwlvihlwdv#frp#d# ÇÃr%1#R#hihlwr#%dfrprgdÇÃr%#É#txh#id}#frp#txh# rsÇÃr#txh#hvfrokhp/#h#qhvvh#judqgh#vhjphqwr# dv#ydqwdjhqv#gd#hvfrokd#ihlwd#orjr#vhmd#hvtxhfl0 gd# srsxodÇÃr# É# txh# dv# lqÚphudv# srvvlelolgdghv# gd1#D# shvvrd# vh# dfrvwxpd1# Frp# rxwudv# rsÇÕhv/# gh#hvfrokd#gh#glvwulexlÇÕhv#Olqx{#fdl#hp#xpd#du0 orjr#hod#yhuÁ#pdlv#dwudwlyrv#hp#rxwudv#rsÇÕhv#h# pdglokd#txh#suhmxglfd#d#suÓsuld#lghld#gh#whu#pxl0 hvtxhfhuÁ/# sru# dfrprgdÇÃr/# dv# ydqwdjhqv# gr# surgxwr#txh#hod#hvfrokhx1 wdv#rsÇÕhv#gh#hvfrokd#qr#JQX2Olqx{1

##R#hihlwr# %dfrprgdÇÃr%#É#txh# id}#frp#txh#dv# ydqwdjhqv#gd#hvfrokd# ihlwd#orjr#vhmd# hvtxhflgd1#D#shvvrd# vh#dfrvwxpd1

HqwÃr# dojxÉp# srgh# shujxqwdu=# hqwÃr# r# Ol0 Eduu|#Vfkzduw}#h{solfd#txh#h{lvwhp#idwruhv# fuxfldlv# txh# djhp# qrv# pd{lpl}dgruhv/# frpr# qx{# sru# whu# pxlwdv# glvwulexlÇÕhv# É# suhmxglfldo# sd0 sru# h{hpsor# rv# %fxvwrv# gh# rsruwxqlgdghv%/# d# ud# vdwlvidÇÃr# svlfroÓjlfd/# hprflrqdo# h# dwÉ# sdud# r#phufdgr#+mÁ#txh#r#vxfhvvr#qr#phufdgr#gh#xp# %dfrprgdÇÃr%/#dv#%h{shfwdwlydv%1 R#surihvvru#Vfkzduw}#idod#txh#txdqwr#pdlr0 surgxwr#h#d#dwlydÇÃr#gh#xp#vhjphqwr#hvwÁ#gluh0 wdphqwh#oljdgr#d#jhudÇÃr#gh#qhfhvvlgdgh/#d#sdu0 Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

9;


IRUXP# #RV#HIHLWRV#GDV#PºOWLSODV#RS§µHV#QR#JQX2OLQX[

#QÃr#É#srvvÍyho# uhvwulqjlu#r#qÚphur#gh# glvwulexlÇÕhv#sdud#r# xvxÁulr#frpxp/#lvvr# qÃr#vhuld#erp/#lvvr#ihululd# vhuldphqwh#rv#sulqfÍslrv# gr#vriwzduh#olyuh/#dwlqjluld# d#olehugdgh#txh#É#r#qruwh# gh#wrgd#h#txdotxhu# frpxqlgdgh#iuhh# vriwzduh111 Jxlokhuph#gh#Pdfhgr#Fdvdv

wh# hprflrqdo# gr# frqvxplgru,B# QÃr# h{dwdphqwh# É#d#uhvsrvwd1 QÃr#É#srvvÍyho#uhvwulqjlu#r#qÚphur#gh#glvwul0 exlÇÕhv# sdud# r# xvxÁulr# frpxp/# lvvr# qÃr# vhuld# erp/# lvvr# ihululd# vhuldphqwh# rv# sulqfÍslrv# gr# vriwzduh#olyuh/#dwlqjluld#d#olehugdgh#txh#É#r#qruwh# gh# wrgd# h# txdotxhu# frpxqlgdgh# iuhh# vriwzduh/# txh# jdudqwh# pxlwrv# ehqhiÍflrv# sdud# wrgrv# h# dwÉ#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

sdud# rv# %suhmxglfdgrv%# sru# wdqwdv# srvvlelolgdghv# gh#hvfrokdv1 Dv# whruldv# gr# Grxwru# Eduu|# Vfkzduw}# qÃr# vÃr#lqlpljdv#gd#olehugdgh#h#grv#lghdlv#gr#vriwzd0 uh#olyuh1# Vh# hvwdv# fdudfwhuÍvwlfdv#kxpdqd# hvwlyh0 uhp#fhuwdv#vhuld#xp#huur#ljqrudu1#Dv#hpsuhvdv#h# dv#frpxqlgdghv#txh#hvwÃr#yrowdgdv#sdud#r#xvxÁ0 ulr# ilqdo/# dv# shvvrdv# frpxqv/# ghyhp# frqvlghudu# frpr#dohuwd#h#dwÉ#xpd#dmxgd#sdud#fuldu#rsruwxql0 gdghv# gh# pxgdu# dv# sroÍwlfdv# gh# ghvhqyroylphq0 wr/# gh# pdunhwlqj# h# gh# frpr# dsuhvhqwdu# vhx# surgxwr#sdud#vhx#sÚeolfr1

UHIHUªQFLDV 0#D#UhyroxÇÃr#gr#Vriwzduh#Olyuh1#YÁulrv#dxwruhv1# Frpxqlgdgh#Vro1 0#R#Sdudgr{r#gd#Hvfrokd1#Sru#txh#phqrv#É#pdlv1# VFKZDUW]/#Eduu|1#Hglwrud#Jludid1 0#Vflhqwlilf#Dphulfdq#Eudvlo1#Duwljr=#D#wludqld#gdv# hvfrokdv1#VFKZDUW]/#Eduu|1#HglÇÃr#57#+3825337,1

JXOKHUPH#GH#PDFHGR#FDVDV#

?frqwdwr1jxllCjpdlo1frpA#É#judgxdqgr# gh#Gluhlwr#shod#Xqlyhuvlgdgh#Ihghudo#gh# Vdqwd#Fdwdulqd#+XIVF,1#Frqwulexlgru#gd# OHILV#+Ohjdo#Iudphzrun#iru#wkh# Lqirupdwlrq#Vrflhw|,#shor#Surmhwr#gh# RevhuydwÓulr#gr#Jryhuqr#HohwuÔqlfr# +XIVF0Xqlyhuvlgdg#gh#]dudjr}d,#h# hqwxvldvwd#sru#vriwzduh#olyuh1#

9<


Jrrjoh

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Jrrjoh Zhe Wrronlw

Jrrjoh Zhe Wrronlw Sru RwÁylr JrqÇdoyhv gh Vdqwdqd

R Jrrjoh Zhe Wrronlw +JZW, É xp nlw gh ihuudphqwdv gh ghvhqyroylphqwr sdud dsolfdÇÕhv zhe ihlwd shod Jrrjoh1 Hod shuplwh txh vh idÇd dsolfdÇÕhv ulfdv frp DMD[ xvdq0 gr dshqdv Mdyd1 Frp hoh É srvvÍyho d frpxqlfdÇÃr folhqwh vhuylgru h ghvhqyroylphqwr hp txdotxhu LGH Mdyd1 DoÉp glvvr/ É rshq vrxufh1 R JZW edvlfdphqwh wudqvirupd r fÓgljr Mdyd hp md0 ydvfulsw/ txh urgduÁ hp vhx qdyhjdgru1 Frp lvvr É srvvÍ0 yho %ghsxudu% olqkd sru olqkd gr vhx fÓgljr1 Sdud frphÇdu d xwlol}du r JZW/ edl{h r vhx VGN +Nlw gh Ghvhqyroylphqwr gh Vriwzduh, qr hqghuhÇr gd fdl{d gh olqnv1 Wdqwr r Hfolsvh frpr r Qhwehdqv mÁ srvvxhp soxjlqv sdud ghvhqyroyhu qr JZW1 Qr fdvr gr Qhwehdqv/ edvwd edl{du r soxjlq JZW7QE/ suhvhqwh qr phqx ihuudphqwdv h qr lwhp soxjlq h dsÓv vxd lqvwdodÇÃr vhohflrqdu r orfdo rq0 gh vh hqfrqwud r VGN1 MÁ qr fdvr gr Hfolsvh edvwd lqvwd0

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

:3


GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Jrrjoh Zhe Wrronlw

odu r soxjlq vhp suhflvdu edl{du r VGN mÁ txh hoh id} lvvr mxqwr frp d lqvwdodÇÃr1 WÃr orjr vh lqlflh xp surmhwr xvdqgr r JZW/ qÃr lpsruwd hp txh LGH/ h{lvwh xpd hvwuxwxud eÁvlfd/ frpr prvwud d iljxud1 Uhsduhp txh dperv srvvxhp r dutxlyr frp h{whqvÃr .gwt.xml/ txh É r ghvfulwru JZW1 Vxd ixqÇÃr É frpdqgdu r surfhvvr gh wudqvlÇÃr mdyd2mdydvfulsw1 Xpd dsolfdÇÃr JZW É frqvwlwxÍgd d sduwlu gh pÓgxorv/ wruqdqgr vxd suÓsuld dutxlwhwxud prgxodu1 Dr vh fuldu qryrv pÓgxorv/ É srvvÍyho khugdu wxgr r txh irl ihlwr hp rxwurv pÓgxorv1 Djrud ydprv id}hu xp shtxhqr h{hpsor xwlol}dqgr r JZW1 Qhoh xwlol}duhl r Qhwehdqv yhuvÃr 91;1 DsÓv d lqvwdodÇÃr gr soxjlq/ fulh xp qryr surmhwr mdyd zhe h hp iudphzrunv vhohflrqh d rsÇÃr Jrrjoh Zhe WrroNlw1 Hp vhjxlgd lqiruph r orfdo rqgh r VGN vh hqfrqwud/ frpr prvwud d iljxud1

WÃr orjr lqlfldgr r surmhwr/ h{lvwhp wuÊv frpsrqhqwhv sulqflsdlv= r exemplo.gwt.xml/ mÁ h{solfdgr dqwhulruphqwh/ d fodvvh exemploEntryPoint frpr r qrph gÁ d lghld É r srqwr gh hqwudgd gd dsolfdÇÃr É d sduwlu ghod txh vh frqv0 wuÓl d dsolfdÇÃr h r kwpo qr txdo d dsolfdÇÃr urgd1 Xpd lqirupdÇÃr lpsruwdqwh qd hvwuxwxud gh dsolfdwlyrv xvdqgr r JZW É txh dv fodvvhv ghqwur gr sdfrwh br.com.client vÃr wudqvirupdgdv hp MdydVfulsw/ hqtxdqwr ghqwur gh br.com.server r frqwhÚgr shupdqhfh hp Mdyd

urgdqgr ghqwur gr vhu0 ylgru gh lqwhuqhw1 DoÉp ghvvd wudqvirupdÇÃr r JZW wdpeÉp rwlpl}d r fÓgljr jhudgr/ uhpr0 yhqgr pÉwrgr txh qxq0 fd É xvdgr rx txh vhp0 suh uhwruqd r phvpr ydoru1 Ydprv djrud fuldu do0 jxqv frpsrqhqwhv hp JZW frp uhfxuvr DMD[1 Sdud lvvr/ ydprv dshqdv prglilfdu r du0 txlyr exemploEntry­ Point.java1 Uhsduhp d vhphokdq0 Çd gr JHW frp r Vzlqj1 Djrud É srvvÍyho frqvwuxlu qryÍvvlprv frqfhlwrv gh dsolfdÇÕhv ulfdv frp dtxhoh yhokr frqfhlwr eÁvlfr gr Vzlqj gr Mdyd1 Árvore de um projeto GWT no Sdud hvvh h{hpsor/ Netbeans (acima) e Eclipse (abaixo) fulduhprv rlwr frpsr0 qhqwhv eÁvlfrv= txdwur erwÕhv/ xp frperer{/ xp odeho/ xpd fdl{d gh glÁorjr h xpd fdl{d gh wh{wr1 Frp d fdl{d gh wh{wr vhuÁ lqvhulgr ydoru qr frperer{ d sduwlu gh xp erwÃr rx prglilfduÁ r wh{wr frp r vhjxqgr erwÃr/ r whufhl0 ur erwÃr luÁ fkdpdu d fdl{d gh gldorjr h r txduwr h Úowlpr erwÃr luÁ vlpsohvphqwh prvwudu h hvfrqghu rv frpsrqhq0 whv1 Wrgrv hvvhv uhfxuvrv/ vhp suhflvdu dwxdol}du d whod/ xvdqgr r Dmd{1 Xpd wduhid txh wludyd qrlwh gh yÁulrv ghvljqhuv/ srgh djrud vhu ihlwd gh pdqhlud edvwdqwh vlpsohv/ sdud qÃr gh0 orqjdu pxlwr hvvh duwljr qÃr ghprqvwuduhl r fÓgljr dtxl/ pdv qr ilqdo glvsrqlelol}duhl xp olqn frp wrgr r surmhwr1 R JZW shuplwh txh yrfÊ xvh txdotxhu rxwur uhfxuvr hp

Descritor GWT chamando a classe EntryPoint

HTML chamando a classe (agora JavaScript)

Caixa de diálogo para configuração do caminho da SDK

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

:4


GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Jrrjoh Zhe Wrronlw

Editando a folha de estilos

Resultado Final

frqmxqwr frp hoh/ frpr KWPO/ irokd gh hvwlor h dwÉ phv0 pr rxwurv iudphzrunv1 Qr qrvvr fdvr/ ydprv dglflrqdu xpd irokd gh hvwlor1 Hp %dglflrqdu dutxlyr%/ hvfrokd d rsÇÃr %rxwur% h hqwÃr %irokd gh hvwlor hp fdvfdwd%1 Uhsduhp txh É srvvÍyho wdpeÉp prglilfdu r hvwlor gr frpsrqhqwh JZW1 Ihlwdv dv prglilfdÇÕhv h dglflrqdgdv d irokd gh hvwlor/ uhvwd frpslodu r surmhwr1 Xpd ghvydqwdjhp gr JZW É r idwr gh hoh h{ljlu dowr srghu frpsxwdflrqdo sdud frpslodu vhxv fÓgljrv h wudqvirupÁ0orv hp mdydvfulsw/ frqvxplqgr xp whpsr frqvlghuÁyho1 Frpr wrgrv rv frpsrqhqwhv vÃr fodvvhv yrfÊ srgh vlp0 sohvphqwh fuldu xpd fodvvh txh %khugh% gh xp frpsrqhq0 wh h prglilfd0or vh dvvlp r txlvhu hp ilp r fÉx É r olplwh1 R JZW É xpd ihuudphqwd idqwÁvwlfd1 Qhvvh h{hpsor/ xwl0 ol}dprv r Jodvvilvk/ yhuvÃr 6 frpr vhuylgru/ pdv hoh É frpsdwÍyho frp txdotxhu rxwur vhuylgru Mdyd/ frpr r Wrpfdw h r Mervv1 H{lvwhp krmh yÁuldv ihuudphqwdv edvwdq0 wh vhphokdqwhv frp r JZW/ vhuylqgr lqfoxvlyh frpr h{whq0 vÃr1 Frp r fuhvflphqwr dfhohudgr gh vlwhv h gh dsolfdwlyrv zhe/ r judqgh glihuhqfldo É r xvr gh xpd zhe ulfd h r xvr gh dmd{1 Xwlol}du yÁuldv mdqhodv rx dwÉ phvpr ilfdu uhfduuh0 jdqgr wrgd d sÁjlqd/ sdud id}hu dshqdv xpd shtxhqd prgl0 ilfdÇÃr/ srgh vh wruqdu dojr phlr %fkdwr% sdud xp xvxÁulr il0

qdo h frp r JZW yrfÊ srgh whu lqfoxvlyh vlvwhpdv hp dshqdv xpd mdqhod gr vhx qdyhjdgru/ ehp vhphokdqwh d xp dsolfdwlyr ghvnwrs/ gh xpd pdqhlud h{wuhpdphqwh iÁflo1

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Olqnv Dglflrqdlv Grzqordg kwws=22frgh1jrrjoh1frp2lqwo2sw0EU2zhewrronlw2 H{hpsorv kwws=22jzw1jrrjoh1frp2vdpsohv2Vkrzfdvh2Vkrzfdvh1kwpo Surmhwr kwws=22zzz1pdqgdpdlv1frp1eu2grzqordg2fejn4<95343:497< RW¡YLR JRQ§DOYHV GH VDQWDQD É Judgxdqgr hp Hqjhqkduld gh FrpsxwdÇÃr h OÍghu gd fÉoxod gh Ghvhqyroylphqwr gd Idfxogdgh Duhd4/ Ghvhqyroyhgru hp Vrox0 ÇÃr Rshq Vrxufh/ phpeur gd htxlsh Hnddw|

Olqx{1

Suriloh

qr

RVXP=

kwws=22rvxp1vxq1frp2suriloh2RwdylrJrqfdo0 yhvghVdqwdqd

:5


GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Ghvhqyroylphqwr Zhe frp S|wkrq

Zhe5S|

Ghvhqyroylphqwr Zhe frp S|wkrq Sru Euxqr Urfkd

Sdud txh uhlqyhqwdu d urgdB Sdud qÃr whu txh %uhlqyhqwdu d urgd%/ wrgr erp surjudpd0 gru frvwxpd jxdugdu wuhfkrv surqwrv gh fÓgljr +vqlsshwv, sdud vhuhp uhxwlol}dgrv hp ixwxurv ghvhqyroylphqwrv1 Wdp0 eÉp vhpsuh irl pxlwr frpxp d frqvwuxÇÃr gh shtxhqrv surjudpdv/ frpxphqwh fkdpdgrv gh %khoshuv% rx %oleudul0 hv%/ txh srghp vhu uhihuhqfldgrv h frpsduwlokdgrv hqwuh glyhuvdv dsolfdÇÕhv1 Irl mxvwdphqwh frp d dmxgd ghvvhv sulqfÍslrv txh vxujl0 udp dv olqjxdjhqv gh surjudpdÇÃr gh dowr qÍyho/ d lqwhur0 shudelolgdgh hqwuh vlvwhpdv/ r frpsduwlokdphqwr gh eleolr0 whfdv h rv iudphzrunv gh ghvhqyroylphqwr1

QÃr vh uhslwd$

phvpr whu txh uhshwlu r vhx suÓsulr fÓgljr/ r ghvhqyroyh0 gru srgh sduwlu gh vroxÇÕhv surqwdv/ dsuryhlwdqgr rv sd0 guÕhv gh frqiljxudÇÃr/ dutxlwhwxud h hvwuxwxud mÁ ghilqlgrv qr iudphzrun h fxvwrpl}dqgr vrphqwh dv sduwhv qhfhv0 vÁuldv1 Rv iudphzrunv vxujludp gdv qhfhvvlgdghv gh djlolgdgh h sdgurql}dÇÃr qr ghvhqyroylphqwr h/ hp vxd judqgh pdlruld/ whqwdp dsolfdu r frqfhlwr GU\= %Grqcw Uhshdw \rxuvhoi%1

Hvfrokd vxdv ihuudphqwdv Sudwlfdphqwh wrgr ghvhqyroyhgru zhe mÁ xwlol}rx xp zhe iudphzrun1 Dtxhohv txh dlq0 gd qÃr xwlol}dudp/ frp fhuwh0 }d yluÃr d xwlol}du= rv iud0 phzrunv h{lvwhp sdud sudwlfdphqwh wrgdv dv olq0 jxdjhqv gh ghvhqyroylphqwr zhe1 Pdv É d olqjxdjhp S|wkrq txh srvvxl/ surydyhophqwh/ d pdlru txdqwlgdgh gh iud0 phzrunv sdud zhe1 Rv pdlv idprvrv +h vreuh rv txdlv yrfÊ surydyhophqwh mÁ rxylx id0

R zhe5s| srvvlelolwd txh r ghvhqyroyhgru vh ghgltxh lqwhjudophqwh À fuldÇÃr gd dsolfd0 ÇÃr/ srlv qÃr ghpdqgd lqvwdodÇÕhv/ qhp frqiljxudÇÕhv frpsolfdgdv= edvwd edl{du r iudphzrun h frphÇdu d ghvhqyroyhu1

Iudphzrunv vÃr frqmxq0 wrv gh fodvvhv/ remhwrv h el0 eolrwhfdv txh/ doldgrv d xpd frqyhqÇÃr gh frqiljxudÇÃr h xpd erd grfxphqwdÇÃr/ surfxudp idflolwdu r ghvhq0 yroylphqwr gh vlvwhpdv1 Dr lqyÉv gh sduwlu gr }hur h whu txh uhfuldu vroxÇÕhv wulyldlv h vhphokdqwhv hp txdotxhu wlsr gh vlvwhpd/ rx dwÉ

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

:6


GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Ghvhqyroylphqwr Zhe frp S|wkrq

odu, vÃr= ]rsh/ S|orqv/ WxuerJhduv h Gmdqjr1 SruÉp/ hvwd olvwd É pxlwr judqgh h fhuwdphqwh yhp fuhvfhqgr d fdgd gld/ r txh wruqd pdlv gliÍflo d hvfrokd gh xp iudphzrun sd0 ud ghvhqyroylphqwr zhe frp S|wkrq1

sdud txhp hvwÁ frphÇdqgr/ txdqwr sdud surjudpdgruhv h{shulhqwhv txh surfxudp dv phokruhv fdudfwhuÍvwlfdv gr ghvhqyroylphqwr zhe frp S|wkrq/ uhxqlgdv hp xp Úqlfr iudphzrun1

zhe dr S|wkrq

%RoÁ Pxqgr% frp zhe5s|

R Zhe5s| Hqwhusulvh Iudphzrun É xp zhe iudphzrun ghvhqyroylgr hp S|wkrq/ txh mÁ frqwÉp wrgrv rv frpsr0 qhqwhv qhfhvvÁulrv sdud r ghvhqyroylphqwr gh dsolfdÇÕhv zhe1

© pxowlsodwdirupd/ rx vhmd/ yrfÊ srgh urgÁ0or qr Zlq0 grzv rx qr Pdf RV/ xwlol}dqgr rv h{hfxwÁyhlv glvsrqÍyhlv sdud grzqordg qr vlwh rilfldo www.web2py.com +sdud txhp xwlol}d rv vlvwhpdv rshudflrqdlv flwdgrv/ edvwd edl0 {du h h{hfxwdu,1 Vh yrfÊ hvwlyhu xwlol}dqgr Olqx{/ edl{h d yhuvÃr fÓgljr irqwh1 Vh r vhx Olqx{ iru r Xexqwx/ srgh vhu txh vhmd qh0 fhvvÁulr lqvwdodu d eleolrwhfd s|wkrq0wn/ dwudyÉv gd xwlol}d0 ÇÃr gr vhjxlqwh frpdqgr= vxgr dsw0jhw lqvwdoo s|wkrq0 wn1 IdÇd grzqordg gd yhuvÃr fÓgljr irqwh gr zhe5s| h ghvfrpsdwh0r/ hqwÃr/ ghqwur gr gluhwÓulr %zhe5s|%/ deud xp whuplqdo h h{hfxwh r frpdqgr s|wkrq zhe5s|1s|1 © srvvÍyho urgdu r zhe5s| hp xp vhuylgru frp Dsdfkh/ rx hp txdotxhu rxwur vhuylgru frp vxsruwh sdud ZVJL/ FJL2IDVWFJL rx frp ixqÇÃr gh sur{|1 R zhe5s| wdpeÉp srgh vh frqhfwdu d yÁulrv wlsrv gh edqfrv gh gdgrv/ sr0 uÉp/ frpr r iudphzrun mÁ yhp frp xp zhevhuyhu suÓsulr h frp rv sdfrwhv qhfhvvÁulrv sdud dfhvvr dr VTOlwh/ xwl0 ol}duhprv d frqiljxudÇÃr sdguÃr qhvwh wxwruldo1 Dr urgdu r frpdqgr flwdgr dflpd/ d vhjxlqwh whod vhuÁ h{lelgd=

Dv dsolfdÇÕhv qr zhe5s| vÃr ghvhqyroylgdv vhjxlqgr r sdguÃr PYF/ shuplwlqgr xpd phokru rujdql}dÇÃr hqwuh dv fdpdgdv gh gdgrv/ oÓjlfd h dsuhvhqwdÇÃr1 DoÉp gh glyhuvrv idflolwdgruhv sdud dv wduhidv gh prghod0 jhp gh edqfr gh gdgrv/ lqwhuqdflrqdol}dÇÃr/ fuldÇÃr gh irupxoÁulrv frp ydolgdÇÃr h Dmd{/ pdufdÇÃr gh whpsodwhv h xsordg gh dutxlyrv/ r zhe5s| wdpeÉp srvvxl xpd hvwux0 wxud surqwd sdud vhuylu frqwhÚgr qrv pdlv glyhuvrv irupd0 wrv/ frpr ihhgv UVV/ zhevhuylfhv [PO0USF/ MVRQ hwf/ doÉp gh shuplwlu d xwlol}dÇÃr gh pÓgxorv h soxjlqv dglflr0 qdlv1 Gh dfrugr frp r vhx fuldgru/ r zhe5s| irl pxlwr lqvslud0 gr qr Uxe| Rq Udlov h qr Gmdqjr/ h srghprv shufhehu txh hoh lqfrusrud pxlwdv gdv erdv suÁwlfdv gh rxwurv zhe iudphzrunv1 Xp erp h{hpsor glvvr É d fodvvh Od}|1W/ txh suryÊ wudgxÇÃr glqÂplfd gh xpd pdqhlud pxlwr vhph0 okdqwh dr S|orqv/ wruqdqgr pxlwr iÁflo d wduhid gh lqwhuqdfl0 rqdol}du txdotxhu dsolfdÇÃr zhe1 DoÉp glvvr/ d frpxqlgdgh gh ghvhqyroylphqwr É edvwdq0 wh dwlyd h dehuwd d vxjhvwÕhv grv xvxÁulrv/ frqwdqgr lqfox0 vlyh frp d dmxgd gh dojxqv ghvhqyroyhgruhv eudvlohlurv qr wlph1 Hp pxlwrv fdvrv/ r suÓsulr fuldgru gr iudphzrun uhv0 srqgh dv gÚylgdv grv xvxÁulrv/ dmxgd d uhvroyhu sureoh0 pdv rx glvfxwh dv vxjhvwÕhv gh phokruldv h qrydv lpsoh0 phqwdÇÕhv1 Gh xpd irupd pxlwr Ájlo/ r iudphzrun yhp phokrudqgr h vhqgr dwxdol}dgr frp r txh kÁ gh phokru qr pxqgr gr ghvhqyroylphqwr zhe frp S|wkrq1 Ghylgr À hvvd glqÂpl0 fd/ r zhe5s| vh frqiljxud frpr xpd Ówlpd hvfrokd/ wdqwr

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Interface para gerenciamento do servidor

Ghilqd xpd vhqkd sdud dfhvvr À dsolfdÇÃr gh dgplqlv0 wudÇÃr h foltxh hp Vwduw Vhuyhu1 Vhx qdyhjdgru deuluÁ dx0 wrpdwlfdphqwh/ h{lelqgr d dsolfdÇÃr zhofrph +dsolfdÇÃr

:7


GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Ghvhqyroylphqwr Zhe frp S|wkrq

prghor,1 DoÉp glvvr/ whprv d dsolfdÇÃr dgplq/ xpd lqwhuid0 fh gh dgplqlvwudÇÃr sdud dv rxwudv dsolfdÇÕhv/ h wdpeÉp d dsolfdÇÃr h{dpsohv/ txh dsuhvhqwd glyhuvrv h{hpsorv gh fÓgljr1

DsolfdÇÃr zhofrph

VÃr fuldgdv d sduwlu gh whpsodwhv txh srghp uhvsrqghu frqwhÚgr qr irupdwr KWPO/ UVV/ [PO h MVRQ/ hqwuh rxwurv1 [languages] 0 Orfdo rqgh ghilqlprv dutxlyrv gh olqjxd0 jhp txh shuplwhp d lqwhuqdflrqdol}dÇÃr gdv dsolfd0 ÇÕhv1 [static] 0 Qhvwh gluhwÓulr/ lqvhulprv dutxlyrv txh qÃr qh0 fhvvlwdp gh surfhvvdphqwr/ frpr hvwuxwxudv hvwÁwlfdv gh od|rxw/ lpdjhqv/ dutxlyrv gh hvwlor FVV h MdydV0 fulsw1 [modules] 0 Dtxl frorfduhprv eleolrwhfdv h pÓgxorv S|wkrq txh qÃr id}hp sduwh gr zhe5s|/ pdv txh sr0 ghp vhu lpsruwdgrv h xwlol}dgrv qdv dsolfdÇÕhv1 Hp Prghov/ fulh xp qryr prghor fkdpdgr frqilj=

Foltxh hp ^folfn khuh iru dgplq111` h hqwuh frp d vhqkd ghilqlgd qr sdvvr dqwhulru1 D vhjxlu/ fulh xpd qryd dsolfd0 ÇÃr fkdpdgd KhoorZruog1

VhuÁ h{lelgd xpd phqvdjhp dylvdqgr txh d qryd dsol0 fdÇÃr irl fuldgd1

Hvwd É d whod gh dgplqlvwudÇÃr sulqflsdo gd dsolfdÇÃr Kho0 or Zruog> qhod yrfÊ ylvxdol}d rv vhjxlqwhv lwhqv= [models] 0 © r orfdo rqgh ghilqlprv h jhuhqfldprv rv prghorv gh gdgrv gd dsolfdÇÃr/ hihwxdprv frqh{Õhv frp edqfrv gh gdgrv h ghilqlprv d prghodjhp gdv wd0 ehodv/ frqvwdqwhv/ ydulÁyhlv h frqiljxudÇÕhv gh dfhvvr joredo1 [controllers] 0 VÃr dv dÇÕhv gd dsolfdÇÃr1 Dtxl ghilqlprv dv uhjudv gh qhjÓflr h dv ydolgdÇÕhv gh whpsr gh h{h0 fxÇÃr> r frqwuroohu É txhp uhfheh d hqwudgd gh gdgrv/ lqyrfd rv remhwrv gr prghor gh gdgrv/ hihwxd dv ydolgd0 ÇÕhv h hqyld frpr uhvsrvwd xpd ylvÃr1 [views] 0 VÃr dv ylvÕhv txh vhuyluÃr sdud dsuhvhqwdu rv gdgrv gr prgho/ lqyrfdgrv h wudwdgrv shor frqwuroohu1

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

VhuÁ fuldgr/ ghqwur gd sdvwd zhe5s|2dssolfdwlrqv2Kho0 orZruog2prghov2/ xp dutxlyr fkdpdgr frqilj1s|1 YrfÊ srghuld xwlol}du r hglwru rx LGH gh vxd suhihuÊqfld/ frpr Jhglw/ YLP/ eorfr gh qrwdv rx Hfolsvh/ pdv r zhe5s| deuluÁ xp hglwru suÓsulr sdud txh yrfÊ hglwh r fÓ0 gljr gr prgho qr qdyhjdgru1 Sru hqtxdqwr/ qÃr xvduhprv edqfrv gh gdgrv/ luhprv dshqdv ghilqlu xp prghor gh gd0 grv hvwÁwlfrv1 Hvfuhyd dv vhjxlqwhv olqkdv gh fÓgljr= # c odi ng: ut f 8 t i t ul o = " Ol á Mundo! " s ubt i t ul o = " Des env ol v endo c om web2py " dados doaut or = { ' nome' : ' Br uno Cez ar Roc ha' , ' t wi t ­ t er ' : ' @r oc hac br uno' }

Vdoyh r dutxlyr h foltxh hp HGLW qr phqx vxshulru sdud uhwruqdu À sÁjlqd gh dgplqlvwudÇÃr gd dsolfdÇÃr1 Djrud/ yrfÊ luÁ hglwdu r frqwuroohu ghidxow1s|/ uhvsrqvÁyho sru ghilqlu dv dÇÕhv txh vhuÃr fkdpdgdv sru sdguÃr txdqgr d vxd dsolfdÇÃr iru dfhvvdgd shor qdyhjdgru1 R zhe5s| xwlol}d xp hvtxhpd gh pdshdphqwr gh XUO edvhdgr qdv dÇÕhv grv frqwuroohuv/ sruwdqwr/ txdqgr d XUO http://127.0.0.1:8000/HelloWorld/default/index/ iru uh0 txlvlwdgd qr qdyhjdgru/ d dÇÃr lqgh{ +txh hvwÁ ghilqlgd ghqwur gr frqwuroohu ghidxow gd dsolfdÇÃr KhoorZruog, vhuÁ lqlfldgd/ lqyrfduÁ rv gdgrv grv prghov h uhvsrqghuÁ frp xpd ylhz1

:8


GHVHQYROYLPHQWR Ghvhqyroylphqwr Zhe frp S|wkrq

Hvtxhpd gh pdshdphqwr gh XUO sdguÃr gr zhe5s|= ht t p: / / s er v i dor : por t a/ apl i c aç ão/ c ont r ol l er / aç ão

R zhe5s|/ glihuhqwh gh rxwurv iudphzrunv/ qÃr xwlol}d fodvvhv sdud ghilqlu dv dÇÕhv grv frqwuroohuv1 Lvvr vljqlilfd txh qÃr h{lvwhp pÉwrgrv/ h dv dÇÕhv vÃr qd yhugdgh ixq0 ÇÕhv S|wkrq ghilqlgdv ghqwur gr dutxlyr gh frqwuroohu1 Hgl0 wh d ixqÇÃr lqgh{ gr frqwuroohu ghidxow1s|/ dsdjxh wrgr r frqwhÚgr suhvhqwh qr dutxlyr h hvfuhyd r vhjxlqwh fÓgl0 jr=

Frqwuroohu1 Vdoyh d ylhz ghidxow2lqgh{1kwpo h deud hp vhx qdyhjd0 gru d XUO http://127.0.0.1:8000/HelloWorld/default/index1 Hvvd XUO h{leh r uhvxowdgr uhqghul}dgr gr whpsodwh txh yrfÊ ghilqlx qr dutxlyr lqgh{1kwpo1

#def i ne a aç ão i ndex def i ndex ( ) : ' ' ' aqui c r i amos a l ógi c a da apl i c aç ão v amos r et or nar uma s oma por ex empl o' ' ' s oma = 10 + 10 ' ' ' Tr at amos os dados que es t ão no model adi c i onando nov os dados em t empo de ex ec uç ão' ' ' dados doaut or [ ' es t ado' ] = ' SP' dados doaut or [ ' l i nguagem' ] = ' Py t hon' ' ' ' na l i nha abai x o r et or namos o r es ul t ado da s oma par a s er ac es s ado pel a Vi ew' ' ' r et ur n di c t ( mi nhaSoma=s oma)

+Lpsruwdqwh= É suhflvr uhvshlwdu d lqghqwdÇÃr gh fÓgljr gr S|wkrq/ sruwdqwr/ hvfuhyd r fÓgljr frqvlghudqgr rv hv0 sdÇrv h dv olqkdv hp eudqfr, Sru ilp/ hglwh d ylvÃr uhvsrqvÁyho sru dsuhvhqwdu hvwhv gdgrv dr xvxÁulr1 Sdud id}hu d pdufdÇÃr gh whpsodwh/ r zhe5s| xwlol}d d suÓsuld olqjxdjhp S|wkrq/ idflolwdqgr d lq0 whjudÇÃr frp xp od|rxw surqwr glvsrqlelol}dgr sru xp gh0 vljqhu1 Dshqdv vhuÁ qhfhvvÁulr ghilqlu/ ghqwur gdv pdufdv ~~ / rv eorfrv gh fÓgljr d vhuhp h{hfxwdgrv h dv ydulÁ0 yhlv txh r zhe5s| luÁ uhqghul}du hp whpsr gh h{hfxÇÃr1 Sdud lvvr/ hglwh d ylhz ghidxow2lqgh{1kwpo h dsdjxh wrgr r frqwhÚgr txh h{lvwh ghqwur ghod/ ghl{dqgr frqiruph r fÓgljr dedl{r= <ht ml > <head> <t i t l e> { { =t i t ul o} } </ t i t l e> </ head> <body > <s pan> { { =s ubt i t ul o} } <s pan> <ul > { { f or i t em, dado i n dados doaut or . i t er i ­ t ems ( ) : } } <l i > { { =i t em} } ­ { { =dado} } </ l i > { { pas s } } </ ul > <s pan>a Mi nha s oma é : { { =mi nhaSoma} } </ s pan> </ body > </ ht ml >

D pdufdÇÃr sdud hvfdsh É ihlwd ghqwur gh ~~ h / vhqgr dvvlp/ É shuplwlgr hvfuhyhu txdotxhu wlsr gh fÓgljr S|wkrq h lpsulplu rv gdgrv uhwruqdgrv shor Prgho h shor

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Sdud uhwruqdu À whod gh dgplqlvwudÇÃr/ edvwd dfhvvdu d XUO http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/1 Vh yrfÊ ghvhmd vdehu pdlv vreuh r zhe5s|/ frqvxowh d grfxphqwdÇÃr rilfldo +hp lqjoÊv, glvsrqÍyho qr olqn http://web2py.com1 Sdud glfdv/ wxwruldlv h lqirupdÇÕhv vr0 euh wuhlqdphqwrv +hp sruwxjxÊv, ylvlwh http://rochacbru­ no.com.br/web2py1 Hvwd irl d sulphlud sduwh gh xpd vÉulh gh duwljrv vreuh ghvhqyroylphqwr zhe frp S|wkrq1 Qd suÓ{lpd hglÇÃr frqwlqxduhprv derugdqgr r iudphzrun zhe5s|1 YrfÊ wdp0 eÉp luÁ dsuhqghu frpr prghodu dv wdehodv h uhodflrqd0 phqwrv dwudyÉv gd GDO/ h frpr dfhvvdu rv edqfrv gh gd0 grv VTOlwh h P|VTO1 DwÉ oÁ$

Vreuh r Dxwru EUXQR FH]DU URFKD ?urfkdfeux0 qrCjpdlo1frpA É surjudpdgru h frq0 vxowru zhe1 Ghvhqyroyh vroxÇÕhv frp S|wkrq xwlol}dqgr rv iudphzrunv S|orqv h zhe5s|1 Dwxdophqwh/ É xp grv ghvhq0 yroyhgruhv gd Vhfuhwduld gh KdelwdÇÃr gd Suhihlwxud gh VÃr Sdxor1 © phpeur gd DvvrfldÇÃr S|wkrq Eudvlo/ hqwxvldvwd gr vriwzduh olyuh h hydqjholvwd gd olqjxdjhp S|wkrq h gr zhe iudphzrun zhe5s|1 Eorj= kwws=22urfkdfeuxqr1frp1eu 2 Curfkdfeuxqr1

:9


JDPHV# #KHGJHZDUV

Khgjhzduv Sru#Fduorv#Grql}hwh

Khgjhzduv# É# xp# jdph# rshqvrxufh# gh# hvwudwÉjld# h{wuhpdphqwh# sduhflgr# frp# r# idprvr#Zrupv/#frp#d#glihuhqÇd#txh#qhvvh#mrjr# dr# lqyÉv# gdv# idprvdv# plqkrfdv# gr# Zrupv# vÃr# rv# vlpsÁwlfrv# rxulÇrv# hqorxtxhflgrv# frp# duvhqdo#gh#dupdv#frpr#ed}rrnd/#vkrwjxq/#uliohv# frp# odvhu/# judqdgdv/# pruwhlurv/# phodqfldv# h{sorvlydv/# glqdplwhv/# txhlmr# yhokr/# erpedv# dÉuhdv/#hqwuh#rxwurv1 Ghshqghqgr# gr# folpd# gr# mrjr/# frpr# yhqwr/# luÁ# lqwhuihulu# d# wudmhwÓuld# gh# dojxpdv# dupdv1# Rv# vlpsÁwlfrv# rxulÇrv# wdpeÉp# srvvxhp# pÁvfdudv# gh# idprvrv# shuvrqdjhp# frpr# Slndfkx/#Vrqlf/#U|r/#hwf111# Qr# mrjr# yrfÊ# hvfrokh# hqwuh# wuhlqdu/# mrjdu# frqwud# r# frpsxwdgru/# frqwud# dpljrv# +ODQ,# rx# yld# lqwhuqhw# +Pxowlsod|huv,# rqgh# qhfhvvlwd# djrud# txh# vh# uhjlvwuh# qr# vlwh# gr# mrjr# sdud# mrjdu=# kwws=22zzz1khgjhzduv1ruj Rv# frpdqgrv# gr# mrjr# vÃr# ehp# vlpsohv=# Sdud# deulu# r# phqx# gh# dupdv# glvsrqÍyhlv/# foltxh# odgr# gluhlwr# gr# prxvh# rx# whfoh# I6/# eduud# gh# hvsdÇr# glvsdud# d# dupd# vhohflrqdgd# h# d# whfod# Hqwhu#sxod1#

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#533<# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

::


JDPHV# #KHGJHZDUV

R# mrjr# vh# hqfrqwud# hp# yÁuldv# glvwulexlÇÕhv# Jqx2Olqx{# hp# vhxv# uhvshfwlyrv# uhsrvlwÓulrv/# frpr# sru# h{hpsor# qr# Xexqwx# Olqx{# 43137/# edvwdqgr# lu# qr# Fhqwudo# gh# Surjudpdv# gr# Xexqwx# hp# Dsolfdwlyrv# rx# qr# Jhuhqfldgru# gh# sdfrwhv# V|qdswlf# orfdol}dgr# hp# Vlvwhpd# A# DgplqlvwudÇÃr/#h#surfxudu#sru#khgjhzduv1

Iljxud#4#0#Lqvwdodqgr#dwudyÉv#gd#Fhqwudo#gh#Surjudpdv#gr#Xexqwx

Iljxud#6#0#Wlulqkd#ehp#kxprudgd#frp#r#Khgjhzduv

Iljxud#5#0#Lqvwdodqgr#dwudyÉv#gr#V|qdswlf

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#533<# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

FDUORV#GRQL]HWH#É#wÉfqlfr#hp#vxsruwh# gh#kdugzduh#h#vriwzduh#rqgh#uhvlgh#qr# Hvwdgr#gh#VÃr#Sdxor1#Fuldgru#h# dgplqlvwudgru#gr#vlwh#Xexqwx#Jdphv/#rqgh# ghvhqyroyh#wxwruldlv#gh#mrjrv#sdud#dv# glvewulexlÇÕhv#Gheldq2Xexqwx#Olqx{#ghvgh# 5339#yrowdgr#dr#sÚeolfr#lqlfldqwh1#©# frqkhflgr#shod#frpxqlgdgh#Xexqwx#Eudvlo# shor#dsholgr#Frulqjdr/#rqgh#sduwlflsd#ghvgh# 53381

:;


V\VDGPLQ JHUHQFLDQGR XQLGDGHV QR XEXQWX

Jhuhqfldqgr xqlgdghv qr Xexqwx vwrfn1v{f1kl

Sru Ljru Prujdgr

Fhuwr/ yrfÊ dfderx gh frpsudu xp glvfr h{whuqr1 VhuÁ txh hoh ydl ixqflrqdu qr vhx XexqwxB Rx yrfÊ txhu dfhv0 vdu rv vhxv gdgrv txh hvwÃr qr yroxph gr Plfurvriw Zlq0 grzv1 Qhvwh duwljr ydprv dsuhqghu frpr pdqxvhdu glyhu0 vrv wlsrv gh xqlgdghv/ vhmdp pÓyhlv rx il{dv/ h frpr pdqwhu vhxv gdgrv vhpsuh dfhvvÍyhlv/ lqghshqghqwh gh rqgh yrfÊ hvfuhyh rx oÊ vhxv dutxlyrv1 Pdv r txh vÃr dv xqlgdghvB Srghprv shqvdu hp xql0 gdghv frpr orfdlv rqgh dupd}hqdprv rv gdgrv sru h{0 hpsor/ xp shq gulyh/ glvfr uÍjlgr/ xp GYG/ xp fduwÃr gh phpÓuld/ wrgrv vÃr xqlgdghv gh dupd}hqdphqwr gh gd0 grv +rx vlpsohvphqwh xqlgdghv,

Lqvhulqgr qrydv xqlgdghv MÁ sdvvrx r whpsr hp txh hud qhfhvvÁulr h{hfxwdu fr0 pdqgrv frpsoh{rv h hqwhqghu surixqgdphqwh vreuh sduwl0 ÇÕhv/ vlvwhpdv gh dutxlyrv/ srqwrv gh prqwdjhp/ dutxl0 yrv gh glvsrvlwyr +txhu vdehu pdlvB Yhmd d fdl{d odwhudo, sdud txh dojxÉp wlyhvvh vxfhvvr hp dfhvvdu rv gdgrv/ ghqwur gr Xexqwx vlpsohvphqwh dr vh frqhfwdu xpd qryd

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

:<


V\VDGPLQ JHUHQFLDQGR XQLGDGHV QR XEXQWX

xqlgdgh hod É uhfrqkhflgd h h{lelgd qd Áuhd gh wudedokr frp xp Ífrqh edvwdqwh hohjdqwh h uhsuhvhqwdwlyr1

Uhpryhqgr xqlgdghv hp xvr Dr whuplqdu gh xwlol}du d vxd xqlgdgh/ É lpsruwdqwh lqiru0 pdu dr Xexqwx txh yrfÊ txhu uhpryÊ0od1 Sdud lvvr/ xvh r erwÃr gluhlwr vreuh r Ífrqh gd xqlgdgh +srgh vhu wdqwr qd Áuhd gh wudedokr/ frpr qr jhuhqfldgru gh dutxlyrv Qdxwl0 oxv, h hvfrokd d rsÇÃr remover unidade com segurança. H{hfxwdqgr hvwd rshudÇÃr/ dqwhv gh uhpryhu r glvsrvlwl0 yr/ jdudqwh txh wrgrv rv gdgrv irudp frpsohwdphqwh hv0 fulwrv qd xqlgdgh/ vhqgr dvvlp yrfÊ srgh uhwludu vhp txdo0 txhu sureohpd1 D rsÇÃr ejetar id} d phvpd frlvd/ frp xp dglflrqdo/ vh krxyhu srvvlelolgdgh iÍvlfd wdpeÉp hmhwd d xqlgdgh +frpr sru h{hpsor FG/ GYG/ ]ls gulyhv h ilwdv pdjqÉwlfdv,1

Grplqdqgr dv xqlgdghv Pdv/ sdud frqwurodu wrwdophqwh dv vxdv xqlgdghv/ h{lvwh r XwlolwÁulr gh Xqlgdghv +Sistema > Administração > Utili­ tário de Unidades,1 Hvwh dsolfdwlyr rujdql}d dv xqlgdghv frpr= Armazena­ mento Local +sdud dv xqlgdghv txh hvwÃr shupdqhqwhphq0 wh frqhfwdgdv dr frpsxwdgru, h hp Dispositivos Periféri­

Interface do utilitário de unidades

cos +sdud xqlgdghv txh ilfdp whpsruduldphqwh frqhfwdgdv,1 Gdv lqirupdÇÕhv iruqhflgdv shor xwlolwÁulr gh xqlgdghv dv pdlv Úwhlv vÃr= 0 Wlsr 0 Txdo r vlvwhpd gh dutxlyrv xwlol}dgr/ rv pdlv fr0 pxqv vÃr IDW/ QWIV/ H{w7/ Vzds 0 Fdsdflgdgh 0 H{leh d fdsdflgdgh pÁ{lpd gh dupd}h0 qdphqwr gd xqlgdgh rx gr yroxph 0 Srqwr gh Prqwdjhp 0 Hp txdo gluhwÓulr rv gdgrv ghvwh yroxph srghp vhu dfhvvdgrv +sdud frprglgdgh/ qru0 pdophqwh vÃr dglflrqdgrv qr phqx Locais, Dv vhjxlqwhv rshudÇÕhv srghp vhu h{hfxwdgdv hp xpd xqlgdgh= 0 Irupdwdu xqlgdgh 0 Fuld xpd qryd wdehod gh sduwlÇÕhv/ hvwd rshudÇÃr ghyh vhu h{hfxwdgd hp glvfrv qryrv +xwlol}du hvwd rshudÇÃr hp xqlgdghv frp gdgrv/ wruqd0

XqlgdghB GlvsrvlwlyrB SduwlÇÃrB YroxphB Vlvwhpdv gh dutxlyrvB Wrgrv hvwhv qrphv h hvshflilflgdghv id}hp d fdehÇd gh txdotxhu xp txh hvwÁ frphÇdqgr urgdu/ pdv dilqdo r txh vÃr wrgrv hvwhv qrphvB Srghprv yÊ0orv frpr xpd hvwuxwxud hp fdpdgdv rqgh rv dutxlyrv vÃr d sduwh pdlv suÓ{lpd gr xvxÁulr h d xqlgdgh vhuld d sduwh iÍvlfd +r txh yrfÊ frpsud qd ormd,1 Xpd xqlgdgh srgh vhu glyl0 glgd hp xpd rx pdlv idwldv oÓjlfdv fkdpdgdv sduwl0 ÇÕhv +sduwlflrqdphqwr, fdgd sduwlÇÃr sru vxd yh} srgh vhu +rx qÃr, djuxsdgd hp xp yroxph +jhuhqfldgru gh yroxphv2OYP,/ fdgd yroxph2sduwlÇÃr2xqlgdgh srvvxl xp qrph hvshfldo sdud r vlvwhpd rshudflrqdo txh É r qrph gr glvsrvlwlyr +rv qrphv hqwuh sduhqwhvhv,/ sru vxd

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

yh} r yroxph ghyh vhu irupdwdgr +dwudyÉv gd irupdwd0 ÇÃr, hp gh xpd irupd hvshflilfd frqkhflgr frpr vlv0 whpd gh dutxlyrv txh ghilqh frpr rv dutxlyrv vhuÃr rujdql}dgrv1

;3


V\VDGPLQ JHUHQFLDQGR XQLGDGHV QR XEXQWX

Hohydqgr d frpsdwlelolgdgh R Olqx{ É h{wuhpdphqwh yhuvÁwlo h fdsd}/ frp hoh yrfÊ srgh dfhvvdu gdgrv gh txdvh wrgrv rv vlvwhpdv rshud0 flrqdlv h{lvwhqwhv h frqhfwdu0vh d txdvh wrgrv rv sur0 wrfrorv/ pdv r phvpr qÃr dfrqwhfh frp r vlvwhpd rshudflrqdo pdlv xvdgr gd dwxdolgdgh +Plfurvriw Zlq0 grzv,1 Sru lvvr vh yrfÊ txhu frpsduwlokdu rv gdgrv txh hvwÃr qr vhx frpsxwdgru +rx hp xqlgdghv h{whuqdv, frp dperv rv vlvwhpdv rshudflrqdlv vhpsuh xwlol}h xp vlvwhpd gh dutxlyrv txh vhmd idflophqwh dfhvvdgr shor Zlqgrzv +frpr QWIV rx YIDW,/ ghvwd irupd r dfhvvr drv gdgrv É jdudqwlgr1 H{lvwhp dojxpdv shtxhqdv ghv0 ydqwdjhqv1 Dr xwlol}du xp grv grlv vlvwhpdv gh dutxl0 yrv/ shugh0vh r frqwuroh gh dfhvvr sru xvxÁulr/ rx vhmd/ txdotxhu xp srgh ohu h hvfuhyhu qr glvsrvlwlyr +ghidxow,/ rxwur shtxhqr sureohpd É txh d shuirupdqfh qÃr É wÃr erd txdqwr grv vlvwhpdv gh dutxlyrv qdwlyrv gr Olqx{ +frpr r H{w7 rx r [IV,1 rv lqdfhvvÍyhlv, 0 UhprÇÃr vhjxud 0 Ghvoljd d xqlgdgh sdud txh srvvd vhu uhprylgd frp vhjxudqÇd 0 Ehqfkpdun 0 Id} xp whvwh gh shuirupdqfh qd xqlgdgh r whvwh srgh vhu gh ohlwxud vrphqwh rx ohlwxud h hvfulwd +r whvwh gh ohlwxud h hvfulwd h{ljh xpd xqlgdgh yd}ld, Xpd yh} txh d vxd xqlgdgh srvvxd xpd wdehod gh sduwl0 ÇÕhv +fuldgr frp r irupdwdu xqlgdgh,/ dv vhjxlqwhv rshud0 ÇÕhv srghp vhu h{hfxwdgdv= 0 Ghvprqwdu yroxph 0 Ghvoljd r dfhvvr dr yroxph/ rv gdgrv ilfdp lqdfhvvÍyhlv dwÉ txh txh hvwh yroxph vhmd %prqwdgr%1 0 Prqwdu r Yroxph 0 Oljd r dfhvvr dr yroxph dwudyÉv gh xp gluhwÓulr +qrupdophqwh ghqwur gh /media,1 Prqwdu É vlpsohvphqwh dvvrfldu xp glvsrvlwlyr d xp gluhwÓulr sd0 ud txh hoh srvvd vhu dfhvvdgr frpr vh hoh irvvh sduwh qdwxudo gr vlvwhpd1 Xpd yh} prqwdgr/ r dfhvvr drv gd0 grv É ihlwr de irupd wudqvsduhqwh/ vlpsohvphqwh pxgdq0

Uhylvwd HvsÍulwr Olyuh Djrvwr 5343 kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Benchmark de uma unidade

gr gh gluhwÓulr +sdud r orfdo rqgh hoh irl prqwdgr, 0 Fkhfdu vlvwhpd gh dutxlyrv 0 Yhulilfd sru idokdv qr vlv0 whpd gh dutxlyrv/ reuljdwruldphqwh r yroxph whp txh hvwdu ghvprqwdgr sdud hvwd rshudÇÃr 0 Irupdwdu r yroxph 0 Dsdjd r frqwhÚgr gr yroxph h jhud xpd hvwuxwxud qryd sdud dupd}hqdu rv dutxlyrv1 0 Fuldu xpd sduwlÇÃr 0 Fuld xp vhjphqwr oÓjlfr qr glvfr sdud vhu xwlol}dgr 0 H{foxlu sduwlÇÃr 0 Dsdjd xp vhjphqwr oÓjlfr qr glvfr 0 Hglwdu sduwlÇÃr 0 Prglilfd rv dwulexwrv gh xpd sduwlÇÃr Xwlol}h hvwd ihuudphqwd frp suhfdxÇÃr/ srlv hod srgh ghl0 {du vhxv gdgrv lqdfhvvÍyhlv pxlwr udslgdphqwh1 R XwlolwÁ0 ulr gh Xqlgdghv vxevwlwxl r xvr gh glyhuvdv ihuudphqwdv gh olqkd gh frpdqgr +pniv/ ivfn/ iglvn/ gg/ prxqw/ xprxqw, gh irupd vlpsohv/ remhwlyd h h{wuhpdphqwh djudgÁyho1 QÃr d vxehvwlph1 LJRU

PRUJDGR

É

dgplqlvwudgru

gh

vlvwhpdv h gh uhghv/ h lqvwuxwru kÁ 46 dqrv1 Dwxrx hp judqghv hpsuhvdv frpr LEP/ Vxq h KS vh hvshfldol}dqgr hp jhuhqfldphqwr gh uhgh

h

vhjxudqÇd1

Whfqrorjld

gd

Krmh

Jqxwhfk

h

É

Gluhwru

gh

sudwlfd Dlnlgr

vhpsuh txh srvvÍyho1

;4


Doh{dqguh#Edwlvwd#JudÇd#0#ulfrodqgld1frp

JU¡ILFRV# #DQLPD§£R#GLJLWDO#0#SURFHVVR#GH#SURGX§£R#0#SDUWH#LL

Qhvwd# vhjxqgd# sduwh/# yd0 prv#wudwdu#gd#edvh#gh#xpd#dql0 pdÇÃr/# gh# xp# iloph/# gh# xp# frqwr# olwhuÁulr1# Hvwrx# idodqgr# gd#klvwÓuld/#gd#lgÉld#fhqwudo/#gh0 srlv#r#dujxphqwr#h#urwhlur1#Sd0 ud# irupdwdu# wrgr# r# wh{wr# h# rujdql}du#r#surmhwr#hp#xp#vwru|0 erdug/# xwlol}duhprv# r# surjudpd# olyuh#Fhow{1 Sdud# vh# frqwdu# xpd# klvwÓ0 uld/# suhflvdprv# ghvhqyroyhu# d# fdsdflgdgh# gh# hvfuhyhu# xpd# qduudwlyd# txh# frqvljd# wudqviru0 pdu# txdotxhu# dÇÃr# vlpsohv# hp# xp# judqgh# dfrqwhflphqwr1# Vh# irvvh# xp# wh{wr# olwhuÁulr/# xwlol}d0 uÍdprv# uhfxuvrv# hvwloÍvwlfrv# sd0

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

ud# ioruhdu/# gudpdwl}du/# hqultxhfhu# xpd# vlpsohv# iudvh1# SruÉp/# sdud# r# flqhpd/# whprv# r#uhfxuvr#gd#lpdjhp#h#vrp#sd0 ud# qrvvd# %hvfulwd%# qd# whod># rx# vhmd/# r# frjqlwlyr# gr# hvshfwdgru# É# hvwlpxodgr# shor# txh# hvwh# re0 vhuyd#h#hvfxwd1#R#qrvvr#wh{wr#+# urwhlur# ,# É# sdud# ghvfuhyhu# fr0 pr#hvwhv#uhfxuvrv#vhuÃr#xwlol}d0 grv#sdud#frqwdu#d#klvwÓuld1 QÃr# fdeh# qhvwh# duwljr# xpd# dxod# vreuh# urwhlul}dÇÃr/# dwÉ#srutxh#É#xp#dvvxqwr#h{wuh0 pdphqwh# h{whqvr># hqwÃr# h{sr0 uhl# dojxpdv# glfdv# sdud# idflolwdu# d#fuldÇÃr#gr#phvpr1#

;5


JU¡ILFRV# #DQLPD§£R#GLJLWDO#0#SURFHVVR#GH#SURGX§£R#0#SDUWH#LL

40#D#lgÉld#fhqwudo#ghyh#hv0 wdu#ehp#ghilqlgd> 50#Xp# urwhlur# lqghshqgh# gh#vhjxlu#olqhduphqwh#h#qrupdo0 phqwh#dsuhvhqwd#wuÊv#dwrv=# ##Dwr# 4# 0# rv# shuvrqdjhqv# vÃr# dsuhvhqwdgrv/# d# klvwÓuld# É# dpelhqwdgd># ##Dwr# 5# 0# d# dyhqwxud/# dv# ghvyhqwxudv#dfrqwhfhp> ##Dwr#6#0#d#frqfoxvÃr#gr#ilo0 ph1

Qd# dqlpdÇÃr/# uhfrphqgr# dv# reudv# txh# vh# glvwdqfldp# gr# txh#vh#yÊ#qd#whohylvÃr#rx#flqh0 pd# frphufldo# +# qÃr# hvwrx# mxo0 jdqgr0dv# uxlqv/# dshqdv# shqvr# vhu# lpsruwdqwh# surfxudu# rxwudv# irqwhv#qÃr#pxlwr#frpxqv#,>#sur0 fxuhp# qr#|rxwxeh#sru# =# \xul# Qruvwhlq# h# vxdv# reudv#%Khg0 jhkrj# lq# wkh# irj%# h# %Wdoh# ri# wd0 ohv%># Uxvvldq# dqlpdwlrq# ^ #%D# ilvk%>#%Wulsohwv#ri#ehoohylooh%#0#Ilo0 ph# iudqfÊv1# H{lvwhp# gh}hqdv# gh# rxwurv# h{hpsorv# gh# reudv# txh# irjhp# dr# frpxp# txh# yd0 ohp#vhu#dvvlvwlgdv#shod#frqwulexl0 ÇÃr# duwÍvwlfd1# Shvtxlvhp# pdlv# vreuh# dqlpdÇÕhv# h# ilophv# txh# yhqkdp# gr# ohvwh0hxurshx/# srlv# qÃr#srghprv#ghvsuh}du#d#edjd0 jhp# fxowxudo# ghvwhv# sryrv# txh# vhuyludp# frpr# edvh# sdud# dv# DpÉulfdv1# Whprv# txh# dsxudu# r# rokdu# fuÍwlfr# sdud# ghvhqyroyhu# d#fdsdflgdgh#gh#vhsdudu#dv#sur0 gxÇÕhv# yrowdgdv# sdud# d# lqgÚv0 wuld# gdv# txh# whp# rxwur# wlsr# gh# frqwulexlÇÃr1

60#D# iÓupxod# pdlv# xwlol}d0 gd#frphufldophqwh#sdud#lpsuhv0 vlrqdu# h# fdwlydu# r# hvshfwdgru# dlqgd# É=# r# hvwudjhlur# vdoydgru/# xp# fdvdo# txh# srgh# vh# uhodflr0 qdu#rx#qÃr/#xp#vhjuhgr#hvfrq0 glgr# sru# dojxp# grv# shuvrqdjhqv# rx# r# vhjuhgr# txh# ghvyhqgd# d# klvwÓuld1# Qr# dvvxq0 wr# dqlpdÇÃr/# dlqgd# whprv# rv# dutxÉwlsrv=#r#idodvwuÃr#hqjudÇd0 gr# h# dwudsdokdgr/# r# fduudqfx0 Phqflrqdqgr# hvvdv# glfdv# gr# h# r# hvshuwdokÃr># wrgrv# dflpd#h#qÃr#gljr#txh#vÃr#d#iÓu0 irupdqgr#xp#edqgr#rx#juxsr1# pxod#shuihlwd/#rx#txh#vÃr#r#hv0 frsr# gr# fruuhwr># qdgd# glvvr1# 70#Uhfrphqgr# r# hvwxgr# Dshqdv# dsuhvhqwhl# xpd# irupd# gd# olwhudwxud# foÁvvlfd/# srlv# ghv0 pxlwr#xwlol}dgd1#Hperud#hx#wdp0 vd# irqwh# É# txh# ehehudp# wrgrv# eÉp# qÃr# jrvwh# gh# djudgdu# dr# rv# judqghv# olwhudwrv# h# flqhdvwdv# vhqvr# frpxp/# rx# gh# hvfuhyhu# frqwhpsruÂqhrv1# Fuhlr# txh# yd0 sdud# xp# sÚeolfr# hvshfÍilfr/# oh#pxlwr#hvwxgdu#dv#reudv#dwxdlv# qÃr#qhjr#rx#ghvsuh}r#r#frqkh0 gh#gluhwruhv#dxwruhv#frpr#r#Ihol0 flphqwr# txh# ixqflrqd# sdud# d# qh/# Dqwrqlrqh/# Jodxehu# Urfkd/# pdlruld1#D#jhqldolgdgh#gh#xp#ur0 Khu}rj/# Ehujpdq/# hwf1# Pdv# dr# whlur# ehp# hvfulwr# h# xpd# gluh0 FoÁvvlfr# wrgrv# hvwhv# uhfruuh0 ÇÃr# sulprurvd# id}hp# gr# iloph# udp1# Ydoh# ohpeudu# txh=# hvfuh0 xpd# judqgh# reud1# Sruwdqwr/# yhu# ehp# ghshqgh# gh# ohu# ehp/# xp#erp#urwhlur#suhflvd#gh#xpd# erd#gluhÇÃr1 rx#vhmd/#É#suhflvr#ohu#pxlwr1

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

Dr# whuprv# dv# lgÉldv/# dv# sulqflsdlv# dÇÕhv/# rv# shuvrqd0 jhqv# h# d# klvwÓuld# ghilqlgrv># yd0 prv# prqwdu# wxgr# lvvr# h# irupdwdu# dxwrpdwlfdphqwh# frp# r# Fhow{1# Ehp# r# txh# É# r# Fhow{B# R# Fhow{# É# xp# surjudpd# frp0 sohwr# gh# suÉ0surgxÇÃr1# Qhvwh/# srghprv#hvfuhyhu#r#urwhlur#hp# glyhuvrv# irupdwrv# vhjxlqgr# prghorv# frpr=#Urwhlur# ilo0 ph#>#Whdwur#0SdguÃr# lqwhuqdflr0 qdo>#Dxglr# h# Ylghr#0# lqfoxlqgr# grfxphqwÁulrv/# ylghrfolshv# h# dqÚqflrv>#Dxglr#0# lqfoxlqgr# olv0 wdv#sdud#uÁglr#h#srgfdvwv>#Txd0 gulqkrv1# Srghprv# dlqgd# dglflrqdu# wulokdv# gh# Áxglr/# lpd0 jhqv/# yÍghr# h# frphqwÁulrv# sd0 ud# prqwdjhp# gh#vwru|erdugv#h#dqlpdwlfv1 Hoh# jdqkrx# uhfhqwhphqwh# xpd#ixqÇÃr#gh#ghvhqkr#gh#fh0 qd/# rqgh# srghprv# frorfdu# hoh0 phqwrv# gh# fhqd# frpr# ixqgr# yhugh/# srvlÇÃr# gh# fdphud# h# shuvrqdjhqv# sdud# pdufdÇÃr# qr# hvsdÇr1# Lvvr# vhuyh# sdud# uh0 vroyhu# srvlflrqdphqwr# gh# wr0 grv# rv# hohphqwrv# txh# vhuÃr# xwlol}dgrv# qd# fhqd1# Frp# d# glv0 srvlÇÃr# ghvvh# hvtxhpd# hp# xpd# ylvÃr# vxshulru/# srghprv# prglilfdu# dv# srvlÇÕhv# grv# hoh0 phqwrv# txh# whp# xpd# dsduÊq0 fld# gh#folsduw/#h# srghp# vhu# dgtxlulgrv# qr# suÓslr# vlwh/# sr0 uÉp/# sdjr/# xpd# pdqhuld# gh# vxvwhqwdu#r#surmhwr1 Sdud# frqkhfhu# pdlv# vr0 euh# r# surjudpd# h# vxdv# ixqflr0 qdelolgdghv/# ylvlwhp# r# vlwh# rilfldo=#kwws=22fhow{1frp21 D# vhjxlu/# dojxpdv# lpd0 jhqv#gr#surjudpd=

;6


JU¡ILFRV# #DQLPD§£R#GLJLWDO#0#SURFHVVR#GH#SURGX§£R#0#SDUWH#LL

Iljxud#4#0#Whod#lqlfldo

Iljxud#5#0#Lqwhuidfh#gh#urwhlur

Iljxud#6#0#Lqwhuidfh#gr#vwru|erdug

Iljxud#7#0#Lqwhuidfh#gr#sodqhmdphqwr#gh#surmhwr

Djudflphqwr#d#Ohdqgur#Ihuud/#shod#frqwulexlÇÃr#frp#dv# lqirupdÇÕhv#gr#FHOW[1

Iljxud#8#0#Lqwhidfh#gh#ghvhqkr#udvfxqkr

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

ULFDUGR#JUD§D#É#loxvwudgru1#Irupdgr# hp#ohwudv/#dwxd#frpr#xp#grv#gluhwruhv#gd# Txdgur0Fkdyh#h#gluhwru#gh#fuldÇÃr#gd# UPH#FrpxqlfdÇÃr>#É#rilflqhlur#hp#surmh0 wrv#gr#VHVF#h#ghvljqhu#gd#Olwhulv#Wuhlqd0 phqwrv#Rqolqh1#Surgxwru/#urwhlulvwd/#gluhwru# gh#fxuwdphwudjhqv#gh#dqlpdÇÃr#h#hglwru# gh#yÁulrv#yÍghrv#lqvwlwxflrqdlv/#frphufldlv# h#sdohvwudv#vreuh#vriwzduhv#olyuhv#yrowdgrv# sdud#Áuhd#juÁilfd#h#pxowlpÍgld1

;7


HYHQWR# #MRRPOD#GD\#EUDVLO#5343#0#EUDV­OLD2GI

Sru#Khoohq#Ehuqdughv

Wrgr# dqr/# hp# glyhuvrv# sdÍvhv/# ghvhqyroyhgruhv/# ghvljqhuv/# hvwxgdqwhv# hpsuhvÁulrv# h# fxulrvrv# vh# uhÚqhp# sdud# glvfxwlu# Mrrpod1# R# vlvwhpd/# judwxlwr/# vhuyh# sdud# jhuhqfldu# frqwhÚgrv/# od|rxw# h# rxwudv# ixqflrqdolgdghv# sdud# vlwhv# gh# shtxhqr/# pÉglr# h# judqgh# sruwh1# Vh# yrfÊ# É# gd# Áuhd# h# dlqgd# qÃr# wlqkd# rxylgr# idodu/# É# phokru# vh# dwxdol}du# h# r# Mrrpod#Gd|#É#xpd#Ówlpd#rsruwxqlgdgh1 R# Mrrpod# Gd|# vxujlx# frp# r# remhwlyr# gh# frpsduwlokdu# frqkhflphqwr# h# h{shulÊqfldv# qd# xwlol}dÇÃr# ghvwh# jhuhqfldgru# dwudyÉv# gh# sdohvwudv/#rilflqdv#h#dwlylgdghv#frpsohphqwduhv1# Qr# Eudvlo/# r# Mrrpod# Gd|# dfrqwhfh# kÁ# wuÊv# dqrv# h# shod# sulphlud# yh}# vhuÁ# uhdol}dgr# qd# fdslwdo# gr# sdÍv/# EudvÍold1# Vhjxlqgr# d# hvwlpdwlyd# gd# 6 # hglÇÃr# uhdol}dgd# hp# 533<# qr# Ulr# gh# Mdqhlur/# fhufd# gh# 633# shvvrdv# ghyhp# sduwlflsdu# gr# hyhqwr1 Hp#vxd#txduwd#hglÇÃr#r#hyhqwr#mÁ#id}#sduwh# gd# djhqgd# rilfldo# gd# Frpxqlgdgh# gh# XvxÁulrv#

Mrrpod$#qr#Eudvlo1#©#lpsruwdqwh#ghvwdfdu#txh#rv# eudvlohlurv# vh# wruqdudp# judqghv# froderudgruhv# qr#ghvhqyroylphqwr#gd#ihuudphqwd1# R# Mrrpod$# Gd|# 5343# hvwÁ# ghqwur# gd# surjudpdÇÃr# gh# frphprudÇÃr# grv# 83# dqrv# gd# fdslwdo/# vhp# frqwdu# txh# EudvÍold# wdpeÉp# vh# wruqrx# judqgh# phufdgr# sdud# surilvvlrqdlv# txh# wudedokdp# frp# r# vlvwhpd1# Hqwuh# plqlvwÉulrv/# dxwdutxldv# h# rxwurv# ÓujÃrv# gr# srghu# h{hfxwlyr/# mxglflÁulr#h#ohjlvodwlyr#judqgh#sduwh#grv#sruwdlv#h# vlwhv#qd#Lqwhuqhw#vÃr#jhuhqfldgrv#shor#Mrrpod1#D# judqgh# ylvlelolgdgh# wdpeÉp# ih}# frp# pxlwdv# dvvrfldÇÕhv/# rujdql}dÇÕhv# h# hpsuhvdv# vh# lqwhuhvvdvvhp1# YÁulrv# surilvvlrqdlv# frp# h{shulÊqfld# hp# dsolfdÇÃr# gr# Mrrpod# sdud# vlwhv# jryhuqdphqwdlv# hvwduÃr# qr# hyhqwr1# VhuÁ# xpd# erd# rsruwxqlgdgh# sdud# frqkhfhu# h{shulÊqfldv# gh#vxfhvvr1# VHUYL§R= Mrrpod$#Gd|#5343 Gdwd=#37#h#38#gh#vhwhpeur Orfdo#gr#hyhqwr=#dxglwÓulr#gr#FUHD0GI/# Frqvhokr#Uhjlrqdo#gh#Hqjhqkduld/# Dutxlwhwxud#h#Djurqrpld#gr#Glvwulwr#Ihghudo/# orfdol}dgr#qd#VJDV#TG#<34#FM#G#0#Dvd#Vxo#^ # EudvÍold0GI1 LqvfulÇÕhv=#dwÉ#r#gld#35#gh#vhwhpeur1 Ydoru=#U'#;3/33 LqirupdÇÕhv=#zzz1mrrpodgd|eudvlo1ruj25343

Iljxud#4#0#D#hglÇÃr#gh#533<#irl#xp#vxfhvvr

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

;8


TXDGULQKRV

TXDGULQKRV Sru#MrvÉ#Mdphv#Iljxhlud#Whl{hlud

GHSDUWDPHQWR#W©FQLFR

GHSDUWDPHQWR#W©FQLFR

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

;9


DJHQGD# #R#TXH#W¡#URODQGR#QR#PXQGR#GH#WL

DJHQGD DJRVWR Hyhqwr=#Olqx{#Lq#Ulr Hyhqwr=# LL# IÓuxp# Dpd}Ôqlfr# Gdwd=#3623<25343 gh#Vriwzduh#Olyuh Orfdo=#Gxtxh#gh#Fd{ldv2UM Gdwd=#6423;#d#3623<25343 Orfdo=#VdqwduÉp2SD Hyhqwr=# 4 # Lqvwdoo# Ihvw# rshqQRUWH Hyhqwr=#Olqx{Frq#5343 Gdwd=#3723<25343 Gdwd=#6423;#h#3423<25343 Orfdo=#VÃr#Pdwhxv2HV Orfdo=#VÃr#Sdxor2VS Hyhqwr=# Mrrpod# Gd|# Eudvlo# 5343 VHWHPEUR Gdwd=#37#h#3823<25343 Orfdo=#EudvÍold2GI Hyhqwr=# IDG# 0# Ihvwlydo# gh# Duwh#Gljlwdo Hyhqwr=#TFRQ#VÃr#Sdxor Gdwd=#3423<25343#d#3824325343 Gdwd=#4423<#h#4523<25343 Orfdo=#Ehor#Krul}rqwh2PJ Orfdo=#VÃr#Sdxor2VS

Hyhqwr=#481#HGWHG#0#Vdoydgru Gdwd=#4;23<25343 Orfdo=#Vdoydgru2ED Hyhqwr=# Vriwzduh# Iuhhgrp# Gd|#5343 Gdwd=#4;23<25343 Orfdo=# Vlpxowdqhdphqwh# hp# glyhuvdv# flgdghv# hp# wrgr# r# pxqgr Hyhqwr=#ZrugSuhvv#Vxpplw Gdwd=#5823<25343 Orfdo=#VÃr#Sdxor2VS

HQWUH#DVSDV# #FLWD§µHV#H#RXWUDV#IUDVHV#F©OHEUHV#VREUH#WHFQRORJLD

##########Frpsxwdgruhv#vÃr#lqÚwhlv1#Hohv#srghp# dshqdv#gdu#d#yrfÊ#uhvsrvwdv1 Sdeor#Slfdvvr#0#Slqwru#hvsdqkro

Irqwh=#Zlnltxrwh

Uhylvwd#HvsÍulwr#Olyuh# #Djrvwr#5343# #kwws=22uhylvwd1hvslulwrolyuh1ruj

;:


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.