SUMMER 2019
CANTERBURY
Kate Sheppard House in Christchurch. (CREDIT: FRANK VISSER/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
Kate Sheppard House a public asset
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga is delighted to be managing Kate Sheppard House in Christchurch, as announced by Greater Christchurch Regeneration Minister, Megan Woods, at a fabulous event on 19 September, Suffrage Day.
“To be given the responsibility to manage this nationally and internationally significant property is a great honour,” Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Board Chair, Marian Hobbs, said at the event. “Where we are today is a physical connection to a person and movement that only a heritage place can provide.” This Category 1-listed Christchurch home was where Kate Sheppard and suffragist CONTINUED OVER >
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Contents 1
CANTERBURY
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TOHU WHENUA
Kate Sheppard House a public asset
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CONTENTS
Explore our most important landmarks with Tohu Whenua
13 MID-CANTERBURY
3 EDITORIAL
Heritage New Zealand Chief Executive Andrew Coleman
FEATURE INTERVIEW
Jess Armstrong: Heritage, history, coffee and lycra at Hayes
TAUPŌ DISTRICT
Commemoration of Te Kooti at Te Pōrere
8/9 SOUTHLAND Invercargill whare first in Te Wai Pounamu given wāhi tūpuna status
10/11 AUCKLAND/NORTHLAND
A summer of wonder itinerary
Recognition for Kīngitanga heartland
16/17 CANTERBURY
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14/15 WAIKATO
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More than just an office
A Suffrage Day to remember
18 OTAGO
New Zealand’s oldest university turns 150
19 NATIONAL
Wider scope for incentive funding
20 AUCKLAND
New use for heritage in home of Auckland radio
supporters spent much time working towards New Zealand becoming the first self-governing country in the world to grant women the vote. It was here that the 270-metre petition was pasted together before being presented to Parliament. Together, Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and the University of Canterbury have an exciting opportunity to be able to open it for a range of future use options, particularly highlighting Kate Sheppard, the suffrage movement and their relevance today. Kate Sheppard House joins 43 other properties Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga cares for nationwide on behalf of the public. Other properties include Old Government Buildings in Wellington, the Kerikeri Mission Station complex in Northland and the birthplace of our frozen meat industry, Totara Estate near Ōamaru. The property, which borders on University of Canterbury’s Ilam campus, was purchased for $4.5 million, which was within 10 percent of the property’s full independent valuation of $4.1 million in 2018. At the time of this historic announcement, it was especially fitting that several female leaders – including the Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, MPs and Chair of Heritage New Zealand, along with the University of Canterbury Vice-Chancellor and Mayor of Christchurch, Lianne Dalziel – had united to protect this important heritage site for New Zealand and the world. “In partnership with Heritage New Zealand, the University of Canterbury is delighted that present and future generations will have access to such a significant historic location,” Professor Cheryl de la Rey, University of Canterbury Vice-Chancellor, said.
Editor: Jamie Douglas. Designer: Mui Leng Goh. Heritage Quarterly is printed with mineral oil-free, soy-based vegetable inks on Sumo paper. This paper is Forestry Stewardship Council® (FSC®) certified, manufactured from pulp from responsible sources under the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. Please recycle.
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Members of Heritage New Zealand can visit its properties for free, visit www.heritage.org.nz 2
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Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Deputy Chief Executive, Nicola Jackson, says the aim is to have the property fully open to the public by Suffrage Day 2020. She hopes the public will come forward if they have any furniture or possessions that Kate Sheppard had. "We do know when Kate left New Zealand there was an auction and all of her personal effects were sold at that auction, so we are hopeful that some original items will return to the house." n
Writer: Jamie Douglas
EDITORIAL
Significant themes shine through
ANDREW COLEMAN
Recognition and reflection are major themes in the articles of this Heritage Quarterly issue. In terms of prominence, it was the announcement of the government’s purchase of Kate Sheppard House in Christchurch on Suffrage Day, 19 September, that understandably received extensive national coverage. How wonderful it is that the heritage property where this country’s most prominent suffragist spent much of her time in the lead up to, and passing of, the Electoral Bill granting women the right to vote in 1893 will become publicly accessible for all of us to enjoy. That Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga has been tasked with managing the property reflects extremely well on our organisation. Inside this issue you will also see a photo spread from the day – and what a day it was. Significant recognition and reflection also took place at Te Pōrere recently with a commemoration of the 150th anniversary of one of the last major engagements of the New Zealand Wars. Ngāti Tūwharetoa and Ngāti Hikairo ki Tongariro hosted the commemoration at Otūkou Marae and, as Te Ariki o Ngāti Tūwharetoa Paramount Chief, Sir Tumu Te Heuheu, said, it was a time to reflect on “the reasons why our tūpuna were here and to ensure that future generations understand the significance of this wāhi tapu.” This sentiment was also shared at the wāhi tūpuna listing celebration of Te Wharepuni o Anehana in Invercargill. In partnership with Invercargill City Council, the ceremony
recognised the first whare in Te Wai Pounamu to be given wāhi tūpuna status – it being a place important to Māori for ancestral significance and associated cultural and traditional values. Recognition through listing on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero was to the fore with the Category 1 listing of the Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Monument and surrounding Kīngitanga Reserve in Ngāruawāhia. It is a powerful symbol of relations between Kīngitanga and the Crown. This historic place has deep symbolic and spiritual meaning dating back centuries for Māori, and more recently for it being in recognition of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first leader of the Kīngitanga movement, his son Tāwhiao and other rangatira.
It is a powerful symbol of relations between Kīngitanga and the Crown. This historic place has deep symbolic and spiritual meaning dating back centuries for Māori, and more recently for it being in recognition of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, the first leader of the Kīngitanga movement, his son Tāwhiao and other rangatira. Recognition manifests itself in many ways. Each issue of Heritage Quarterly features a profile on a Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga member of staff. This is to allow readers to get more than a glimpse of a member of staff and find out a little more about what makes them tick and why they love heritage as much as you do. The profiles also allow us the opportunity to recognise the many different types of expertise we have
as we go about our work. What I hope you see and read is a reflection of traits you have or see in the community around you. In this issue you find out what makes Property Lead for Hayes Engineering Works in Central Otago, Jess Armstrong, enjoy her role so much. Of course as we head into summer, and the opportunities of taking time away from the office with family, friends or simply by yourself, I encourage you to spend some time taking in some of our incredible heritage and history in your travels. We pass it every day in one form or another, but it’s really only when you stop, recognise what we have and reflect on where our collective paths have taken us that we develop a deeper sense of meaning in what it is to be a New Zealander. With that in mind, if you are spending time in Auckland or Northland these holidays do check out the article on some tremendous heritage properties you can visit. Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga has 44 properties it cares for nationwide, so visit www.heritage.org.nz for a full list of places. As we get ready to head into next year I’d like to thank you all for your continued support for heritage in the myriad of ways they have presented – it really is appreciated. It is your commitment that enables Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga to bring life to its whakatauki:
Tairangahia a tua whakarere, tātakihia ngā reanga o āmuri ake nei Honouring the past, inspiring the future. n
ANDREW COLEMAN CHIEF EXECUTIVE
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FEATURE INTERVIEW
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Heritage, history, Q: coffee and lycra at Hayes Jess Armstrong wears two hats as Property Lead for Hayes Engineering Works and Homestead, and Ophir Post Office. With summer ahead, a third hat to shade from the sun will be a staple accessory in the Central Otago heat. She talks with Jamie Douglas.
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Tell me about your role, and what your association with Hayes has been. I originally started working at Hayes as a Visitor Host in 2015, shortly after moving to the area to be closer to my partner, now husband, who works on his Century family farm. I was born in Wellington and spent a lot of my childhood in the city’s museums and have a great love of history, so clearly I was destined to end up in the cultural sector. My first job out of university was as the Tourism and Venues Manager at Otago Museum, and I learnt so much there that I can bring to this role.
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What do you like about the job and the property? I love the diversity of this role. One minute you can be working on budgets, next you’re learning all about the care of mudbricks, then
you may have to make a barista coffee in the café and next thing you know, you’re giving a guided tour to a group of school children. The most satisfying thing though is talking to the people who visit. Many have a connection to the place or the tools themselves and come out with the most interesting Hayes family stories. Others are just so overwhelmed that they didn’t know about this significant part of New Zealand history. I love sharing the Hayes stories with them all. There’s really a story for everyone: Ernest the great inventor; Hannah the pioneering saleswoman; the still working early 1900s workshop; and the beautifully restored 1920s homestead.
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What is so special about the Ernest and Hannah Hayes story? Our guests at Hayes all get an introduction to the site, and I always start mine by saying this
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1. The sign is pointing the right way for Jess Armstrong. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
2. A bird’s-eye view of the Hayes complex. (CREDIT: GRANT SHEEHAN/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
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is a site owned and operated by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga because of the significant stories it tells. First, the Hayes story is like so many of the early European settlers who came to Central Otago and the challenges they faced in this rough, dry countryside. Secondly, there’s Ernest the great inventor, demonstrating the ingenuity required to get by and contributing so greatly to the development of our agricultural economy. Then of course, there’s the social history of the family, all of which shows a snapshot of what was happening in this new rural New Zealand, and that has shaped this country's history since. In particular, Ernest starting inventing just as the Land for Settlements Acts 1892 and 1894 were being introduced. For Ernest it provided the opportunity needed for his inventions to succeed. Smaller farms meant less hands to do the work and more fences being erected, all of which required his time-saving devices.
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How do you showcase that at Hayes for visitors? As mentioned, every guest gets an introduction to the site, as well as a site map and guide who shares some stories and directs people to points of interest around the site. We do pre-booked guided tours for a minimum of six guests. And on the first
Sunday of January, February, March and April we hold operating tours – guided tours of the engineering works running in it’s full glory, with a live demonstration of some of the machinery inside. These can also be arranged for groups throughout the season (minimum 12 people).
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Do you have a particular favourite object at Hayes? My favourite item is the Lightning Poisoned Pollard Cutter. It looks like it was made to cut fettucine, and essentially did that with poisoned dough that was then used to cull rabbits. It’s a simple tool, but the key thought behind it was its time-saving properties. This was also Ernest’s first invention; it didn’t get enough traction in sales and was the reason behind Hannah taking to the bike for three long months as, potentially, New Zealand’s first travelling saleswoman. And it was these sales that led to the Hayes establishing the engineering works.
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And the café is quite popular in the area too? Don’t be surprised to see plenty of lycra when you visit – our café is a very popular stop for riders on the Otago Central Rail Trail, providing a hearty meal and barista coffee worthy of any big city establishment. We’re also frequently a stop for motoring groups who have a sense of connection to the engineering of yesteryear. We are also
3. There is so much to see at Hayes Engineering Works and Homestead. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
fortunate to welcome many locals, including some prominent New Zealanders – poet Brian Turner is one of our best customers!
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What does heritage, and its importance, mean to you? Learning about heritage is so important. The old adage, those who forget history are destined to repeat it, is so true. Looking at the past, and looking at how things were done, why things were done, and why we’ve changed is important so that we as humans grow and improve and become better as people. There’s also opportunity, when looking and learning about heritage, in that it can spark new ideas. For example, applying old technology to new problems; I’ve heard of many a wire strainer becoming a 4wd staple – it’s the perfect winching tool!
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Sounds like a great place! What hours are you open, and how much does a visit cost? We are open seven days in September through to the end of May from 10am to 5pm (café closes at 4pm). Closed Christmas Day and Boxing Day and closed all through June until the end of August – it’s too cold! The cost is just $12 for an adult and free for primary school age children. For more information please visit www.hayesengineering.co.nz n
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TAUPŌ DISTRICT
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Commemoration of Te Kooti at Te Pōrere
Ka tika taku tangi ki Te Pōrere Te Pō i rere ai a Ngātoroirangi, Te Pō i rere ai a Rereao Te Pō i rere ai a Te Kooti, Te Pō i rere ai āku tūpuna ki te pō. Aue, taukuri e! – Te Ariki o Ngāti Tūwharetoa Paramount Chief, Sir Tumu Te Heuheu A commemoration of the 150th anniversary of one of the last major engagements of the New Zealand Wars – and the colonial
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Government’s failure to capture prominent Māori leader Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Turuki – took place recently. Ngāti Tūwharetoa and Ngāti Hikairo ki Tongariro hosted the commemoration at Otūkou Marae with site visits to nearby Te Pōrere where two redoubts/pā remain. Te Kooti and his supporters built the redoubts at Te Pōrere above the Whanganui River in the shadow of Tongariro. Te Pōrere is a place that all generations of Ngāti Tūwharetoa revere. Known as Te
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Pōrere o Ngātoroirangi, it is where the great navigator communed with his brother Hoturoa before returning to Maketū and Mōtiti. It is also known as Te Pōrere o Rereao, where the young warrior chieftain, and a mokopuna of Tūwharetoa, sought refuge and redemption. In early October, Ngāti Tūwharetoa came together to honour the tūpuna who were at Te Pōrere, and ensure that future generations know the importance of the site to the history of Tūwharetoa. “This is a time to reflect on the reasons why our tūpuna were here and to ensure that future generations understand the significance of this wāhi tapu and the part it will play in the lives of our mokopuna,” said Te Ariki o Ngāti Tūwharetoa Paramount Chief, Sir Tumu Te Heuheu. Prior to the commemoration, Ngāti Hikairo ki Tongariro hāpu and Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga worked together to enable vegetation management, track upgrades, signage refresh, fence repairs and the commissioning and installation of a pou whakairo on-site to mark the coming together of people for this occasion. The pou whakairo was carved by Hayz Isherwood of Ngāti Hikairo ki Tongariro and unveiled at a dawn service as part of the commemoration. “It was a privilege to work alongside Ngāti Hikairo ki Tongariro and other members of Ngāti Tūwharetoa in preparation for the weekend of commemorative events,” says Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Manager Heritage Assets Central, Paulette Wallace.
On 4 October 1869, Te Kooti defended his position against a combined force of more than 500 government troops and Māori allies at Te Pōrere. The troops attacked the Lower Redoubt, which Ngāti Tūwharetoa was defending, and then launched an attack on the Upper Redoubt where Te Kooti was. Eventually the defenders fell to the invasion force. Te Kooti, however, managed to give his would-be captors the slip by disappearing into the bush – avoiding capture and possibly death. By the end of the battle, however, 41 people were dead – 37 of whom were Te Kooti’s supporters. Te Pōrere is held sacred by Māori descended from warriors who fought on both sides of the conflict, with some of these tūpuna interred at the Upper Redoubt – a Māori Reserve. Te Kooti emerged as a leading figure of this period. He was accused of spying and arrested as a political prisoner when fighting for the Colonial Government in 1865-1866. In a daring escape, Te Kooti led 298 government prisoners out of exile from Rēkohu/ Wharekauri (Chatham Islands) and founded the Ringatū faith. Te Kooti and his followers were then pursued by colonial militia and their Māori allies all over the country. After his last pitched battle at Te Pōrere, Te Kooti went on to adopt the peaceful stance of Kīngi Tāwhiao, developing the rituals of the Ringatū faith whilst also promoting resistance to colonial land confiscation. The commemoration included pōwhiri that reverberated with the haka of Te Matua – a
prestigious group of men and boys with a duty steeped in tikanga and kawa to serve the Paramount Chief of Ngāti Tūwharetoa. Prized taonga, including Te Kooti’s flag taken from Te Pōrere after the battle in 1869, was on loan from the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa and on display for the event. A 3D model of the Upper Redoubt gifted to Otūkou Marae by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and archaeological firm, Geometria, was also on display. “It was so special to be a part of a weekend that reflected on the significance of an episode of the New Zealand Wars of the past and also looked to a bright future with the electrifying kapa haka and waiata performed by the next generations of Ngāti Tūwharetoa,” says Paulette. The 150th anniversary was further memorialised by a commemoration booklet created by Ngāti Tūwharetoa researchers that gathered together information on stories and taonga related to Te Pōrere. n
Writers: John O'Hare and Xavier Forde
1. The Lower Redoubt at Te Pōrere. 2. The anniversary commemoration booklet created by Ngāti Tūwharetoa. 3. Hayz Isherwood of Ngāti Hikairo ki Tongariro next to the pou whakairo he carved for the commemoration event. (CREDIT: ARINI POUTU/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA – ALL PHOTOS)
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SOUTHLAND
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Invercargill whare first in Te Wai Pounamu given wāhi tūpuna status Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga has added Invercargill’s Te Wharepuni o Anehana to the New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero as a wāhi tūpuna. The listing was celebrated recently at a function made more special with the attendance of Ritihia Kereopa, a descendant of master carver Tene Waitere. Dignitaries and special guests also included: the Deputy Mayor of Invercargill, Rebecca Amunsden, Joyce Robins, a descendant of Sir Robert Anderson who commissioned the wharepuni; and Kāi Tahu ki Murihiku and Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga staff including James Schuster, another of Tene’s descendants, and himself a carver. The wharepuni was constructed in 1925, and is the first whare in Te Wai Pounamu to be given wāhi tūpuna status. Under the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga legislation, wāhi tūpuna identify places important to Māori for ancestral significance and associated cultural and traditional values. “These places have tremendous significance to Māori for values connected to tūpuna,” says Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Pouārahi, Huia Pacey. “This deceptively humble-looking wharepuni links back to an important tohunga whakairo in Aotearoa.” Built as a fashionable ‘Māori house in the garden’ to complement the Anderson’s stately home, the carvings, central to the wharepuni, were created by master carver Tene Waitere and attached to a purpose-built frame.
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“Tene Waitere was born in Mangamuka around 1853 and trained by tohunga whakairo Wero Taroi in the Ngāti Tarāwhai carving style, becoming part of the special Ngāti Tarāwhai lineage of carvers whose prolific works significantly impacted Māori traditional wood carving here and overseas,” says James Schuster. “Tene Waitere worked on several meeting houses around Taupō and Rotorua along with expert carvers like Anaha Te Rahui and Neke Kapua. Many meeting houses were used to manaaki visitors including Hinemihi o te Ao Tawhito at Te Wairoa, which withstood the 1886 Tarawera eruption and sheltered many, including Tene Waitere and his whānau.” Rotorua-based Tene produced commercial works as well as traditional whakairo including hinemihi at Whakarewarewa, tiki at Ōhinemutu and carvings at Auckland’s Ōrakei Marae. In 1927, the School of Māori Arts was established in Rotorua to train carvers and artists, and Tene Waitere was often consulted about the carving school. “Te Wharepuni o Anehana exterior carvings are complete with whakairo, pare and whakawae. Sir Robert Anderson wanted to finish the interior, though this wasn’t completed in his lifetime,” says Huia. The Anderson property, including the wharepuni, was gifted to the Invercargill City Council by Sir Robert and Lady Elizabeth Maria (Mary) Anderson’s children in the early 1950s. The economic boom of the 1960s and 1970s, including the expansion of primary industries
and such large-scale infrastructure projects as the Manapōuri hydro-electric project, provided work opportunities that drew northern Māori to Southland. Many formed a connection to the wharepuni, which included fundraising for restoration. The wharepuni, an important part of the Murihiku hapū landscape, was further enriched with interior pou carved under the guidance of Taka Ponere in 1980, and the installation of tukutuku panels by Winnie Solomon and Anna Gorham of Riverton in 1995. “Today the wharepuni continues to draw descendants of Tene Waitere who maintain their connection, reflect on Tene’s achievements and keep his stories alive,” says Huia. “Besides being a taonga for its whakairo and tukutuku, the wharepuni is a unique example of Invercargill’s built heritage and an important link to one of Aotearoa’s foremost tohunga whakairo.” The event was a great way to renew the connection between Kāi Tahu ki Murihiku, the Schuster and Kereopa uri, and Anderson descendants. n
Writer: John O'Hare
1. Te Wharepuni o Anehana in Invercargill. 2. Joyce Robins and Jim Schuster with a bound copy of the wāhi tūpuna listing report. 3. Close-up detail of the wharepuni carvings. 4. Guests enjoy the wharepuni and surrounds. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA – ALL PHOTOS)
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AUCKLAND/NORTHLAND
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A summer of wonder itinerary Summer means hopping in the car with friends and family, packing the chilly bin and heading to the coast. Dig a little deeper and you’ll uncover the stories of our past, encounter incredible places and discover the rich culture of Aotearoa New Zealand. Our heritage is brimming with summer fun waiting to be discovered, and Auckland is a perfect location to get started. Just a three-hour drive from Auckland lies the coastal playground of the Bay of Islands. Here you’ll find some of the country’s most significant heritage minutes away from stunning beaches, luscious rain forests and water activities aplenty. On this road trip you will visit locations of cultural significance intertwined with art, heritage, local produce and other attractions. Get your passport to history and go on your own journey of discovery, exploring the interconnections and stories of Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga, and other, properties. Day one – Take time to explore Auckland Cosmopolitan Auckland is full of heritage gems. Discover the stories and secrets of Auckland's heritage in the heart of the city. You’ll be captivated by grand Alberton and Highwic, examples of early colonial houses, and charmed by kauri-constructed Ewelme Cottage with its eclectic collection, including almost 2,000 books and unique sheet music. You won’t be able to visit them all in one day but you can get a taste and come back for more! When you’re ready to sit back and relax, head to the Melanesian Mission at Mission Bay to enjoy seaside views paired with a contemporary eatery. Day two – Head north to Russell Head north to Russell making sure you stop to enjoy the stunning scenery and mouthwatering food and wine experiences along the way. Summer is the perfect season to enjoy roadside stalls selling fresh produce like real fruit ice creams and local seafood, or visit
one of the many farmers markets to stock-up for a picnic. Once at Russell, head to the French-style printery and tannery Pompallier Mission. Just a five-minute stroll from the Russell wharf the property, built in 1842, is situated in a picturesque waterfront location combining significant Māori and Pākehā history with wonderful gardens and hands-on activities. Pompallier Mission is the perfect place to enjoy the day with fabulous food and refreshments from its café. Day three – Learn about Māori culture Make your way to Paihia, an excellent base to explore the rest of your destination from. It boasts an extensive range of accommodation, delicious dining options and plenty of beaches and coves to explore. Go on a journey of discovery at the Waitangi Treaty Grounds, one of Aotearoa New Zealand’s most significant heritage sites, an easy 25-minute walk (or five-minute drive). It was here, on 6 February 1840, that Te Tiriti o Waitangi was first signed. Today the grounds give you the chance to discover Māori culture, experience powerful performances and admire storytelling through art, history and culture. Day four – Discover iconic Kerikeri
Mission Station are two of the country’s oldest buildings, the Stone Store and Kemp House. Guided tours run daily and fill up fast, so make sure you book ahead. While you’re there stop in to the Honey House Café before taking a scenic 20 minute drive to Te Waimate Mission. Holding steady as this country’s second oldest building, Te Waimate Mission features missionary, farming and architectural history. Day five – All good things must come to an end Whether you’ve stayed in Paihia or Kerikeri, you’re going to do some travelling today, but with stunning scenery we’re sure you won’t mind. First stop is Clendon House, the fascinating home of Captain James Reddy Clendon, ship owner and trader. Clendon, the first United States consul in Aotearoa New Zealand, was a witness to the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Once you’ve enjoyed the story of Clendon and his incredible wife, Jane, take a drive to your last destination. Māngungu Mission looks out over the beautiful Hokianga Harbour, a serene scene in juxtaposition to the sometimes turbulent history of the area. The largest signing of Te Tiriti took place here on 12 February 1840 with over 70 chiefs adding their signatures.
Jump in the car for just over 20 minutes and head to Kerikeri where you’ll dip into more history, browse local art and enjoy local produce.
With so many heritage places to visit while in Northland these are just a few suggestions. Please make sure you check our website (heritage.org.nz) for opening hours and times.
On day four you’ll discover two locations rich in early Māori and Pākehā history. Only a short drive apart, Kerikeri Mission Station and Te Waimate Mission tell the story of when the first Pākehā visitors were invited to live among local iwi.
Enjoy your summer of wonder. Stay tuned for more history-inspired itineraries that will take you across Aotearoa New Zealand. n
Situated just five minutes from central Kerikeri, and along a picturesque river, sits Kerikeri Mission Station. At the heart of the
3. Pompallier Mission in Russell.
Writer: Bec Collie 1. Clendon House in Rawene. 2. Highwic in Auckland. (CREDIT: GRANT SHEEHAN/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA – ALL PHOTOS)
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Explore our most important landmarks with Tohu Whenua Aotearoa New Zealand is bursting with stunning sites rich in culture and history – and the team at Tohu Whenua wants to send you there this summer! From Māori pā sites and mission stations where battles were fought and treaties signed, to the towns, farms and other settlements linked by good old kiwi ingenuity, Tohu Whenua makes it easy for you to explore our most iconic landmarks and hidden gems that capture defining moments in our history. The Tohu Whenua programme includes some of your favourite Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga properties, such as Pompallier Mission and Printery in the
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north and Hayes Engineering Works in the south, scenically beautiful Department of Conservation sites like Denniston Mine and the Bannockburn Sluicings, pioneer townships like Reefton and Arrowtown, and experiences that include the TSS Earnslaw, Taieri Gorge Railway and Waitangi Treaty Grounds. To enter our competition, simply like our Facebook page @tohuwhenua and tell us what your favourite Tohu Whenua landmark is. For a full list of locations, terms and conditions and what the prize package includes, visit www.tohuwhenua.nz. Entries close at midnight Friday 20 December.
Tohu Whenua is a partnership between Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga, the Department of Conservation Te Papa Atawhai, and Manatū Taonga – Ministry for Culture and Heritage. n
Writer: Claudia Babirat
(TOP) Kororipo Heritage Park, Northland. (CREDIT: GRANT SHEEHAN/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
(ABOVE) Fabulous Reefton, West Coast. (CREDIT: STEWART NIMMO)
MID-CANTERBURY
More than just an office At the south end of Methven, on Main Street, stands a modest timber building. There’s a white picket fence on one side and a black metal child-proof grill on the other. A sign near the fence says “Methven Toy Library”, but one on the building states its original role “Mount Hutt Road Board Office”. The building has just been added to the New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero as a Category 2 historic place.
Built in 1879, the former road board office was one of the first buildings constructed in Methven. The contractor, Mr Coutts, completed the work in less than two months, at a cost of £460. Now it may be the oldest surviving building in the township and a
reminder of colonial roadbuilding efforts – there were over 300 road boards across New Zealand in the 1880s, although not all would have had their own office.
During World War Two, local people packed Red Cross parcels for service personnel in the hall, and it periodically became an alternative classroom for Methven Primary School.
The Mount Hutt Road Board was disestablished after 50 years of operation. It was amalgamated with the Ashburton County Council in 1939, by which time the responsibility for road-making and maintenance in most other parts of the country had already transferred to the counties. The board had been controversial, often resisting calls to improve drainage (and thereby road conditions) on the grounds that it was too expensive for ratepayers.
In the late 1990s, when the neighbouring playcentre wished to expand, the building was threatened with demolition. Thanks to community efforts, it was saved and shifted 16 metres on the same site.
Throughout its life the main hall, about 10 metres long by five metres wide, has held countless community gatherings. The road board allowed its building to be used as a temporary workshop by Methodist and Presbyterian congregations, as storage for library books pending a purpose-built library, and as a polling place. The road board also served as the Domain Board, from 1885 to 1922, which made key decisions about tree planting on public land in and around Methven. The Methven Choral Society, Orchestral Society and Caledonian Pipe Band were all formed there, and it was the pipe band’s headquarters for 40 years (until 1997).
“This modest building has seen a lot of life,” says Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Senior Heritage Assessment Advisor, Robyn Burgess. “It reflects the story of New Zealand’s emphasis on road building since colonial times, and continues to be part of Methven’s cultural and social fabric.” On 13 December this year it will be exactly 140 years since the Mount Hutt Road Board first met in its purpose-built office on Main Street. n
Writer: Michele Hollis
(ABOVE LEFT) The former Mount Hutt Road Board Office. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA) (ABOVE RIGHT) Detail of the fireplace with the original owner’s initials. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
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WAIKATO
Recognition for Kīngitanga heartland A historic centre of the Kīngitanga in Ngāruawāhia has recently been recognised on the New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. The Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Monument and surrounding Kīngitanga Reserve have together been listed as a Category 1 historic place. These places, along with Tūrangawaewae House, and Ngā Huinga (the Point Reserve) at the confluence of the Waipā and Waikato
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rivers, were also included in a Wāhi Tapu Area, Te Mana o te Kīngitanga. Ngā Huinga at the Point Reserve is the area at the confluence of the Waikato and the Waipā rivers where the kai for the nuptial feast of Ngaere and Heke-i-te-rangi was held in the 17th century. The union inspired the name of Ngāruawāhia and cemented relations between Waikato and Ngāti Maniapoto – a bond that resonated centuries later when Rewi Maniapoto made his famous last stand at Orākau when Kīngitanga forces fought against a colonial invasion to seize land for European settlers in the Waikato. Places in the area from Tūrangawaewae House to the confluence of the rivers are considered to be sacred to Waikato-Tainui, including a punawai (spring), and ancestral burial sites.
(ABOVE) The Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Monument and surrounding Kīngitanga Reserve in Ngāruawāhia. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
(RIGHT) Close-up detail of the monument. (CREDIT: HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
“The monument – erected by the New Zealand Government – and reserve have close links with the first leader of the Kīngitanga movement, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, his son and successor Tāwhiao and other rangatira associated with the Kīngitanga movement,” says Martin Jones, Senior Heritage Assessment Advisor for Heritage New Zealand. “In the 1850s and early 1860s, the Ngāruawāhia site formed part of the capital and centre of governance of Kīngitanga
– one of New Zealand’s longest-standing political institutions. “Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was descended from the captains of the Tainui and Te Arawa waka, and emerged as an ariki of great influence,” says Martin. “He became one of the first leaders outside of Northland to sign He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Niu Tireni (the Declaration of Independence of New Zealand) – a key document affirming the relationship between northern Māori and the Crown. Te Wherowhero later declined to sign Te Tiriti o Waitangi, though established friendly relations with British authorities. “Such was Te Wherowhero’s standing, Governor Grey asked him to place his mana over the newly formed capital in Auckland, which he did with other Ngāti Mahuta leaders, establishing a ‘fencible’ settlement at Māngere in 1849,” says Martin. “Waikato-Tainui initially benefited from trading with Auckland settlers, though tensions soon arose.” Kīngitanga emerged in the 1850s in opposition to growing European demand for land, and was particularly strong in the Waikato. Following hui among Waikato-Tainui and affiliated iwi, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was selected as Kīngi – or King – a position he eventually accepted. Ngāruawāhia was chosen as Te Wherowhero’s seat of government, and a house built for him in 1858. Here, Te Wherowhero presided over large rūnanga where opposition to government forces in Taranaki was discussed. Te Wherowhero died in 1860, and his son Tāwhiao succeeded him. “Te Wherowhero’s remains were placed in a papa tūpāpaka – a timber mausoleum erected on an earth mound enclosed by a rectangular ditch within the urupā, reflecting his mana,” he says. “Many people subsequently visited the site to pay their respects.” Tāwhiao’s reign coincided with the Waikato War. Government forces invaded, occupied Ngāruawāhia and created a new township, but left the papa tūpāpaka and its associated enclosure intact. Kīngitanga, however, had
previously removed Te Wherowhero’s remains for safekeeping. “Tāwhiao returned to the Waikato in 1881, and visited his father’s mausoleum prophesying a permanent return by Kīngitanga to Ngāruawāhia as its Tūrangawaewae – a place to stand,” he says. Following Tāwhiao’s death, Premier Richard Seddon erected an obelisk in 1895 on the mound of Te Wherowhero’s tomb commemorating him, Tāwhiao and other rangatira; and reconciliation with Tainui.
“The Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Monument and Kīngitanga Reserve continues to be cared for by the Government, and is a powerful symbol of relations between Kīngitanga and the Crown,” says Martin. “It is the centrepiece of the Kīngitanga Reserve, named in 2014 to acknowledge the value of the place to this enduring and important force in Māoridom.” n
Writer: John O'Hare.
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CANTERBURY
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A Suffrage Day to remember The future of Kate Sheppard’s former home in Christchurch was secured as a heritage venue and educational centre with the announcement by Prime Minister and Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage, Jacinda Ardern, and Greater Christchurch Regeneration Minister, Megan Woods, on Suffrage Day – 19 September. “This home has huge significance both nationally and internationally, as it was the centre for activities ultimately leading to New Zealand becoming the first selfgoverning country in the world to grant women the vote,” said the Prime Minister. “The legacy of the suffrage movement and achievements of Kate Sheppard and other New Zealand women will be told at this
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special place. In the lead-up to the 126th suffrage anniversary, I’m pleased that the Government has secured this house as a venue to recognise all New Zealand women who have made a difference, as well as promoting other milestones and trends relevant to social change in our history.” The house was purchased for $4.5 million and will be managed by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga. Through a partnership with the University of Canterbury, the house will be used as a base for collaboration, teaching and academic research. Part of the property will also be available for events and functions, returning revenue into the upkeep of this heritage property. Minister Megan Woods said Christchurch City Council had also been involved in supporting the plans to ensure best uses of the property for the community. “We have a joint vision with the local council in showcasing the suffrage movement and the achievements of Kate Sheppard, profiling women from New Zealand’s history who have made a difference, and displaying information reflecting social change, such
as the introduction of free education, the establishment of human rights legislation and New Zealand’s diversity. “Purchasing and developing Kate Sheppard’s house allows us not only to make it more accessible to the public, but we’re able to conserve its heritage values for future generations.” n
1. Kate Sheppard House in Christchurch. 2. Greater Christchurch Regeneration Minister, Megan Woods announces the purchase of Kate Sheppard House. 3. The beautiful garden setting at Kate Sheppard House. 4. Suffrage 125 banners adorned Kate Sheppard House at the ceremony. 5. From left, The Hon. Dr Megan Woods, Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Board Chair, The Hon. Marian Hobbs, The Hon. Lianne Dalziel, Mayor Christchurch City, The Hon. Dame Ann Hercus, DCMG, and The Hon. Margaret Austin, CNZM. 6. A view from the verandah to the swimming pool. (CREDIT: FRANK VISSER/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA – ALL PHOTOS)
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Otago’s little known links with Thames School of Mines
OTAGO
They may be separated by over 1,000 kilometres, but the links between the university and Thames School of Mines were surprisingly strong, says Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Heritage Assessment Advisor, Tom Barker, and Thames School of Mines Property Lead, John Isdale.
New Zealand’s oldest university turns 150 This year marks the 150th anniversary of the University of Otago – Te Whare Wānanga o Otāgo. The university was established in 1869 by an ordinance of the Otago Provincial Council. Classes started on 5 July 1871. The university’s commemorative 1869 Conference and Heritage Festival in late September was packed with talks on scholarly topics in the humanities and science, as well as historical tours. Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga contributions included Heritage Assessment Advisors, Susan Irvine and Sarah Gallagher, telling the story of the destruction of Bell Hill in Dunedin and asking “when is it a good idea to blow up a hill, remove one of the most pretty and prominent sights in a city, kill people in the process, and spend vast amounts of money to achieve it?” Canterbury/West Coast Area Manager, Dr Christine Whybrew, discussed the travelling dark van of renowned Dunedin photographic firm, Burton Brothers, in 1869, noting
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similarities between their marketing and social media today.
Lectures in mining started at the university in 1872, and the Otago School of Mines was established in 1878. By 1885, the Minister of Mines, William Larnach, had decided to create a network of 30 schools, including Thames. The schools had a dual purpose: to improve the mining techniques of the colony's mining districts; and to develop the education of those working in such industries. The schools functioned in the space between a high school and a university, training students 14 years old and above. Thames even taught girls, which Otago did not. The Thames school employed Otago graduates while Thames students went to Otago to further their mining and geological careers. Geologist James Park, the first Director at Thames, later became Professor of Mining at the university. n
Writer: Michele Hollis
Project Advisor, Jonathan Howard, examined the work of William Melhuish who documented the transformation of Dunedin city by taking photos regularly from the same or similar vantage points. Otago/Southland Senior Archaeologist, Dr Matthew Schmidt, used structures and artefacts from different periods of land reclamation in Dunedin, and led walking tours of the 1865 shoreline with Paul Pope of the Dunedin Amenities Society. n (ABOVE & RIGHT) Susan Irvine and Sarah Gallagher from Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga’s Dunedin office led walking tours about the university’s heritage buildings. The itinerary included 12 listed historic places on campus. (CREDIT: CHRISTINE WHYBREW /HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
(TOP) Early results of the aerial photogrammetry of the lower redoubt. (CREDIT: GEOMETRIA) (ABOVE RIGHT) Heritage New Zealand’s Anna Maria Rossi examines part of the upper redoubt. (CREDIT: PAULETTE WALLACE/HERITAGE NEW ZEALAND POUHERE TAONGA)
NATIONAL
Wider scope for incentive funding The Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga National Heritage Preservation Incentive Fund is helping make a difference for conservation projects throughout the country. This is the second year that the fund has been administered under new guidelines. In addition to Category 1 listed properties in private ownership, the policy for funding support also includes wāhi tūpuna, National Historic Landmarks and Category 2 listed places as eligible categories. The priorities for the fund approved by the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Board are the conservation of sites of significance to Māori and/or conservation and preservation of sites that support regional economic development. The fund has been in operation since 2004. In that time a significant number of private heritage property owners have received funding support for conservation projects. The fund normally pays up to 50 percent of the cost of conservation work in any particular case and individual grants will not
normally exceed $100,000. Priority is given to stabilisation, repair or restoration relating to historic buildings, or structures, such as repairs to masonry, joinery, plaster or glazing, funding for fire protection, for conservation work relating to land and archaeological sites, for site stabilisation, vegetation management and fencing, for professional services such as research, condition reports, conservation plans, conservation work specifications, management plans, risk management and supervision of work. Private heritage property owners who need support for seismic strengthening should apply first to the Ministry for Culture and Heritage Fund ‘Heritage EQUIP’. This fund covers costs associated with advice and reports on earthquake strengthening by appropriate professionals. For further details on Heritage EQUIP go to heritageequip@govt.nz or phone
(ABOVE) A recent recipient of incentive funding was Forest Gate Station homestead near Ongaonga, Central Hawke’s Bay. (CREDIT: JAMES HOLDEN)
04 499 4229. Heritage EQUIP grants are made at different times of the year. The National Heritage Preservation Incentive Fund is an annual round of funding, usually in August. Private owners of heritage properties should go to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga’s website (heritage.org.nz) for how to make funding applications in 2020, or contact regional offices for assistance. There were 43 applications made to Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga this year, with 26 approved for funding by the Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Board. Because the total amount sought in grants exceeded the amount of money available, staff supported owners to find other funding opportunities or reapply to the National Heritage Preservation Incentive Fund. Regional staff will be encouraging more private owners of heritage listed properties to apply to the National Heritage Preservation Incentive Fund and assist them to apply for conservation funding in the 2020 funding round. n
Writer: David Watt
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Having sustained a fair amount of internal changes over its life and with an uneven subfloor, the existing tiles of the main gallery floor were cracked, uneven and a health and safety risk. In 2018, Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga and Salmond Reed Architects were engaged to assess the extent of works and consider a possible replacement.
AUCKLAND
“The curator of the Gus Fisher Gallery happened to be speaking with a flooring provider that told her the original wood block flooring in the Christchurch Town Hall was going to be removed during a recent restoration, as it was insufficient in size for what was required there,” says Ali de Hora, the conservation architect who worked on the project.
New use for heritage in home of Auckland radio A treasured local landmark with an interesting history, the former 1YA Radio Station Building in the heart of Auckland’s financial and legal district, has recently undergone an internal refurbishment demonstrating that heritage conservation and sustainability can go hand in hand. The Category 1-listed building is regarded as the Auckland home of radio. It has played a significant part in New Zealand’s broadcasting history. Built in 1934, the building was commissioned by the Broadcasting Board to accommodate the first licensed radio station in New Zealand. The purpose-built station was constructed using brick and concrete materials and the design included thick walls and few windows to prevent acoustic loss.
The advent of television in the 1960s inevitably overtook the popularity of radio. The building was adapted for television broadcasting and renamed AKTV2, with the first official broadcast from the station taking place in June 1960. Now owned by the University of Auckland and known as the Kenneth Myers Centre, it is also home to the Gus Fisher Gallery on the ground floor.
“Investigations were made and options were discussed with Ian Grant (Auckland Council Heritage Team) and Robin Byron (Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Senior Conservation Architect) and repurposing the flooring from the Christchurch Town Hall seemed like a good fit.” The flooring is Jarrah wood block flooring, laid in a herringbone pattern. When you enter the gallery the flooring has a natural elegance and richness totally congruent with the heritage features of the interior. “Two layers of osmo polyx oil, semi-matte, were applied on the wood block and it really lifts out the natural qualities of the wood and protects it from moisture and abrasion,” says Ali. The refurbishment underlined how sustainability and heritage conservation were a natural fit. “Reusing, recycling, upcycling: it’s everything heritage conservation is about,” says Ali. n
Writer: Antony Phillips (ABOVE) The stunning result of the refurbishment. (CREDIT: SALMOND REED ARCHITECTS)
Published by Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga, Heritage Quarterly keeps you up-to-date with heritage work from around New Zealand. For more information or to subscribe, write to PO Box 2629, Wellington 6140 or contact the editor, phone: 04 470 8066 or email: mediamarketing@heritage.org.nz. ISSN 2324-4267 (Print) ISSN 2324-4275 (Online).
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