WEEEK 8 LEA ARNING LOO OP 1. Opening Door + Wind dow frame ‐
Timbeer
‐
Aluminum
‐
Steel
2. Glass Componentss ‐
Formers – basic gradient to prroduce glasses
‐
Fluxes – help form mers to melt at lower and d more practtical temperaatures
‐
Stabillizers – comb bine with forrmer and fluxxes to keep tthe finished gglass from dissolving or crum mbling
Properties Hardness
High Density
Fragility
High Conductivityy
Ductility
Low Reusability
Flexibility
High(melt); H LLow(cool) Sustainability
Porosity
W Waterproof Cost
Low Heat and light High H High H Expen nsive
Types and Manufacturiing ‐
Flat gglass
‐
Shapee glass
‐
Float glass →
Clear float gglass – simpleest and cheapest
→
Laminate gla ass – improvve the securitty and safetyy
→
Temper glass (toughenedd glass) – used in highly exposed situuation or largge in size
‐
Doub ble/ Triple layyers of glass
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STUDIO REPORT During the studio, each of us receives one construction drawing of particular part of Oval Pavilion. The scale given is in 1:5 in A1 size while we are going to transform it into 1:1 scale in A1 size. I am responsible in the pop up window sill which is at the back of the building. It is a double glazing glass window which cannot be opened. The area squared is the focusing of my drawing. Materials
Glass
Timber‐strip Flooring
Glazing
Insulator
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Drawing Set VS Actual
Looking detail into the window layer, it is difficult to see the double grazing window used but is like a single layer window because of the illusion and reflection of sunlight. Double grazing window can help reduce the heat energy entering into indoor. Thanks to the air between the two layers, air is a good insulation of heat which is can absorb and release heat energy quickly as well as the glass can help reflect the solar radiation. As the building does not have an opening window, heat will trap easily and make indoor area hotter, more air‐conditioning will be required leading to unsustainability to environment.
There is a decline steel frame bounded the window. By human eye, the degree of its inclination is more than that in drawing, which means, it looks more decline than in drawing. Actually this design is expected to provide the way for rainwater sliding down more easily which it will not be blocked. It is like the roofing, using a degree‐design to tackle the weather issue.
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Drafft Drawing The draft is based on the giveen construction drawing roughly. There T are ddimensions of differentt parts of th he structuree by measuring and calcculating its scale and cconvert it in nto scale 1:1 1.
Finaal Drawing
The scale is now 1:1 in A1 1 size. This drawing sho ows differen nt materials used by using diffeerent patterrns of lines. Materials can be reccognized by these pattterns which is convvenient to co onstructors o or people in ccharge.
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GLOSSARY WEEK ONE Beam – a structural aspect of a building which most of them are able to support a load with bending or folding Compression – an external load pushes on a structural member which leads to the particles of the material compact together result in the shortening of the material Load Path – a directional path that the load follows. It can continue through multiple aspects of the structure with the easiest way Masonry – describe stone or brick work which can be bond together to create structures Point Load – where the point of force is being transferred to a structure and finally being shifted down to the foundation of the structure Reaction Force – describe the reaction of material when force is applied as every force is a reaction between material and variables WEEK TWO Bracing – can be either a support for a structure or it can be an implemented structure which strengthens the structure Column – a structural aspect which helps the weight of a structure to be better supported Frame – commonly as the structural system which holds up a physical construction Structural Joint – a point of connection between two or more aspects of the structural which is imperative to the stability of a building Span – the distance between two supports of a structure so that the structure is supported Tension – the force of an object being exerted and taking away the initial object
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WEEK THREE Moment – an assembly of beams and columns and other associated structure factors Pad Footing – the simplest and cost‐effective footing used for the vertical support and the transfer of building loads to the ground which they do not have connection between each other Retaining Wall – a structure built to retain a difference in ground level Slab on ground – constructed similar to the stiffened raft but not internal stiffening Strip Footing – a relatively small of concrete placed into a trench and reinforced with steel Substructure – the foundation of a structure which support the final construction and its associated elements WEEK 4
Bearer ‐ A horizontal member of a scaffold on which the platform rests and which may be supported by ledgers Concrete Plank – a pre‐cast concrete slab that are typically installed as flooring which are used in apartments and other multi‐level buildings Girder – usually universal or box shaped columns that are used to support the construction Joist – a timber or steel‐supporting element of a structure which are usually arranged horizontally, parallel to the floor and ceiling Spacing – is the distance between two elements of buildings construction Steel Decking – a corrugated metal sheet that can be used to support the roof
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WEEK 5 Axial Load – the force of a load that gets directed along the axis of an element Buckling – “occurs physically when a structure becomes unstable under a given loading configuration, and mathematically when a bifurcation occurs in the solution to equations of static equilibrium” which is caused by compression (Buckling, 2014) Lintel – “Arching action of masonry above opening supports wall load outside of load triangle, Lintel carries less wall load than normal load triangle. Lintel must carry an additional load if a concentrated load or floor or roof loads fall within normal load triangle” (Ching, 2008) Nogging – “Horizontal members which run parallel with the top and bottom plates between the studs and used to straighten the center of the wall and private lateral support to the studs. Certain numbers of noggins are required depending upon the stud height” (Nogging. 2014) Seasoned Timber – “the process of drying out of the water from ‘wet’ or ‘green’ timber is termed ‘seasoning’, or more simply ‘drying’. Water is just as essential to the life of the tree as it is for all living matter” (Seasoning of Timber, 1991) Stud – metal or wood normally spaced between structural elements. Studs can be weight bearing of they can be purely apart from the enclosure system. WEEK 6 Alloy – material which involve metallic properties and is composed of two or more chemical elements of which at least one is metal (e.g. steel is combination of iron and carbon) Cantilever – any element of a construction that overhangs unsupported. These can range from the size of eaves to unsupported viewing platforms Eave – the extension of the roof. These features usually contain gutters and protect the construction from water and other weathering features
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Rafter – a structural beam that is apart of the interior framework of the roof
Portal Frame – “generally low‐rise structures, comprising columns and horizontal or pitched rafters, connected by moment‐resisting connections. A ported frame building comprises a series of transverse frames braced longitudinally.” (Portal Frames, 2012) Purlin – any part or parts of the roof that is not a part of the crown plate. The purlins are divided into three categories: plat, principal and common. Top Chord – is the top element of the truss. These are the top beams of the truss and are generally in compression Soffit – is considered to be the underside of any element of the construction WEEK 7 Down pipe – a pipe that could be connected to the gutter or other water systems to collect water. The water can be transferred to the ground or to a grain Drip – a projecting element usually placed on the lower side of the windowsill that are designed to pitch the water away from the construction and the elements below Flashing – refers to inserting sheets at certain, strategic points to neutralize the entry of water or moisture Gutter – is trough that is foxed to the edge of construction elements. These fixtures are used to channel the water elsewhere. This could include harvesting this water as rainwater Insulation – the process of filling of areas with material in an effort to retain temperatures internally. This provides a barrier from the weather of the exterior Parapet – a small protective wall that is placed along the edge of the roof, bridge or balcony
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Sealant – materials used to seal openings or cracks making them resistant of water and other weather elements. A typical material used in sealants is silicon Vapor Barrier – a material that is used to weather proof and damp proof features of the building. These features could include walls, ceiling or floors as well as be used underneath external features
WEEK 8 Window Sash – the movable parts of a window. These are usually panels that hold windows panes and are separated by mullions and transoms Deflection – the degree a construction can flex under pressure or with a load applied Moment of Inertia – a measure of an object’s resistance to changes in rotation direction Door Furniture – consists of the elements of the door which includes the handles, lock and other features on the door Stress – “an applied force or system of forces that tend to strain or deform a body. In constrst, stain is a deformation produced by stress” (True Stress and True Strain, 2003) Shear Force 0 an unaligned force asserting itself on one part of the construction and on another part of the construction in another direction
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Reference Ambrose, James, and Patrick Trieny (2009), Simplify Design of Wood Structure, John Wiley & Sons Buckling 2014, CSI Knowledge Base, viewed 17 May 2014 <Http://wiki.cslamerica.com/display/kb/buckling> Francis D.K. Ching (2014), 1. The Building Site, Building Construction Illustrated (pp. 1.02‐38), Wiley Francis D.K. Ching (2014), 2.The Building, Building Construction Illustrated (pp. 2.02‐04), Wiley Francis D.K. Ching (2014), 2.The Building, Building Construction Illustrated (pp. 2.08‐11), Wiley Nogging 2014, Australian Building Inspection Services, viewed 17 May 2014 <http://www.abis.com.au/nogging> Sally (2007), Drummoyne Olympic Pool <Image>, Retrieved from <http://swimsallyswim.blogspot.com.au/2007/08/drummoyne‐olympic‐pool.html> Structural and Architecture Drawing, Blueprint Reading and Sketching (pp. 7.1), Integrated Publications True Stress and True Strain (2003), John Dolbow: Duke University of Cambridge, Retrieved from <http://dolbow.cee.duke.edu/TENSILE/tutorial/node3.html> W01 c1 Construction Overview (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHqr‐PyAphw&feature=youtu.be> W01 m1 Introduction to Materials(2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4CJ8o_lJbg&feature=youtu.be> Page 40 Wong Hoiying Hidy_662182
W02 c1 Construction System (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8zTarEeGXOo&feature=youtu.be> W02 s2 Structural Joints (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kxRdY0jSoJo&feature=youtu.be> W03 c1 Footings & Foundations (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAcuwrecIz8&feature=youtu.be> W03 m3 Bricks (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lYlQhkMYmE&feature=youtu.be> W04 c1 Floor Systems (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otKffehOWaw&feature=youtu.be> W04 m1 Concrete (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1M19C25MLU&feature=youtu.be> W05 c1 Walls, Grids and Columns (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIe6txNIO58&feature=youtu.be> W06 c1 Roof Systems (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q5ms8vmhs50&feature=youtu.be> W06 m1 Introduction to Metals (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RttS_wgXGbI&feature=youtu.be> W06 m2 Ferrous Metals (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQy3IyJy‐is&feature=youtu.be> W06 m3 Non Ferrous Metals (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDtxb7Pgcrw&feature=youtu.be> Page 41 Wong Hoiying Hidy_662182
W07 c1 Detailing for Heat and Moisture (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhwm8m5R_Co&feature=youtu.be> W07 m1 Rubber (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPhjDijdf6I&feature=youtu.be> W07 m2 Plastics (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pfnCtUOfy4&feature=youtu.be> W08 m1 Glass (2014), Youtube Video, ENVS 10003 Channel, Retrieved from <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I0Jqcrfcyk&feature=youtu.be>
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