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ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO ABPL30048 / 2016 / SM1 WONG HOIYING HIDY YEAR 3
WONG HOIYING HIDY 662182 / YEAR 3 ABPL30048_2016_SM1 TUTOR / ALEX HOLLAND ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO / AIR MELBOURNE SCHOOL OF DESIGN UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE 2
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C O N T E N T
INTRODUCTION
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A / CONCEPTUALISATION
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A / A.1 / DESIGN FUTURE
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A / A.2 / DESIGN COMPUTATION
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A / A.3 / COMPOSITION // GENERATION
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A / CONCLUSION
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A / LEARNING OUTCOMES
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A / APPENDIX
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A / REFERENCE
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CONTENT
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I N T R O D U C T I O N
Hi, I am Hidy. I am a third year architecture student in University of Melbourne. I am born and live in Hong Kong until I came to Melbourne two years ago. As you know, Hong Kong is famous for its crowded living environment and skyscrapers. Either commercial buildings or residential housings are high-rise building [I am the one living on 30th floor but that is not the highest floor]. What I believe is that the most important thing of Architecture is not just the design, but the atmosphere and feeling it gives to audience. There may not be a standard; at least, people feel comfortable and are willing to approach the architecture. In my previous design, I prefer using simple line and white colour. I would like the audience to feel relaxed and secured inside the clean structure.
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INTRODUCTION
I came to believe that we must be able to move back and forth more freely between architecture and nature - Sou Fujimoto
1. photo of Sou Fujimomto
INTRODUCTION
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A 6
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CONCEPTUALISATION
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CONCEPTUALISATION
CONCEPTUALISATION
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A.1. D E S I G N
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A.1. DESIGN FUTURE
F U T U R E
Every single new design is one step forward to our future. A design not just normally resolved daily problem, but a platform to speculate the world. It creates space for discussion and debate as well as encourage imaginations1. When a discussion starts, it is a good chance to reflect the design, either the design itself or its impacts to surroundings. Designers will keep modifying the product as to design "better", aiming to target more sharply to
target more sharply to different people and environment. By using different strategies and materials, they attempt to achieve the balance of human and nature. Because of the climate change and other relavant environmental issues, people start concerning the problem in their surrounding. Undoubtedly, these problems cannot be solved within short period. Architecture is a beginning to reflect our behaviours nowadays and plan for our coming future.
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming (Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2013), 2. 1
A.1. DESIGN FUTURE
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2. ideas & building system of White Tree left: rain water is collected and distributed to users when needed middle: sunlight is absorbed by the panels of each flats right: energy can be shared and the building becomes self-sustainable
A .1. DES I G N F UTUR E 01 L’ARBRE BLANC // SOU FUJIMOTO L’Arbre Blanc [The White Tree] successfully demonstrated the close relationship between architecture and nature. Sou Fujimoto is inspired by Montpellier's outdoor living style and the properties of tree to generate this design. Ideas are not limited to certain objects or previous architecture, but the actual existing lifestyle of people and atmosphere of city. This helps shorten the distance between human and architecture as
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A.1. DESIGN FUTURE
of designers. An important feature in this design is its building style to show the bonding between building and nature. The pop-out areas are like leaves of tree, sliding rainwater from top to bottom. It acts like a ecosystem and becomes part of the environment. This idea is revolutionary that building is no longer a building, but part of the nature.
The concept of building slowly changed.Although this design is not a "built" project, such concept did raise people to re-think of architecturenature relationship.` In our coming future, people will increasingly focus on the environmental issue because of climate change and reduction of natural resources. They will try to find alternatives to reduce the use of energy or discover new types of energy. Architecture brings new designs and concepts to society.
3. photo of White Tree, Sou Fujimoto
A.1. DESIGN FUTURE
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02 FALLING WATER // 1937 // FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
By applying the concept of organic architectural, Frank Lloyd Wright carefully thought about the relationship between buildings and natural as an unified organism2. He rethought the principle of architecture and responsed to the site. He suggested to use simple and repose planning in design house as well as to show the nature of materials in the environment.
ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE building's literal relationship to natural surroundings 4. Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater sketch
There are two significant ideas in terms of architecture 1. Coorperation between buildings and landscape The building was exactly sitting in the landscape. It was built on the slope with water fall while skillfully, Frank placed the houses without disturbing its original landscape.
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5. photo of Fallingwater [1937], Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright, In the Cause of Architecture (New York: The Archtiectural Record, 1908), 339.
A.1. DESIGN FUTURE
2. Well use of nature materials Interiorly, the building used the nature in site as part of the structure. Rocks were not removed or hidden but worked as one
6. photo of Fallingwater interior
Such idea re-positions the role of architecture in nature. Buildings are no longer look like a tree, but work like a tree. Similar to the example of White Tree, peoplebuilding-and-nature relationship is unbreakable. They should be in balance and not neglecting anyone of them. That is what Wright strongly brought out through his architecture. We cannot predict the future but one thing we can do, is to live peacefully with nature and achieve sustainability.
A.1. DESIGN FUTURE
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A.2. D E S I G N C O M P U TAT I O N
7. rendering & photoshop of pavilion design
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A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION
Computerisation and computation are the two evolutions in design process. Computer can be said as a superb analytical engines which it follows instructions precisely and faultlessly. However, they are completely incapable of making up new instructions: they lack any creative abilities or intuition3. This is why computers act as a supporting tool for designer but not a designer itself. Computer in computerisation is a tool
to digitize a finished design into digital form; while computation is designer directly using computer to generate ideas and finish the whole design process. Indeed, both of them have a similarity: designer plays an important role in creativity as computer are not able to come up with a brand new ideas. Soon, computer did help lead architecture into a new era where it realizes the designs that were considered as impossible in the past.
Kalay, Yehuda E., Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), 2. 3
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A .2. D ESIGN CO MPUTATI O N 01 THE METROPOL PARSOL // 2011 // J.MAYER H. ARCHITECT
When mentioning Blob architecture, we definitely think of curvy shapes of buildings. The Metropol Parasol in Seville is designed by J. Mayer H. Architect, applying Blobitecture to create the whole structure. With no doubt, computer programing was used in this project. It helped outline the shape and calculate the materials needed. The Metropol Parasol is considered as the best example for Blob architecture4. Its organic and flowing form really surprised audience that it is like flowing naturally around people. Timber panel is the major material used in this structure which they are jointed at right angle with each other. Such accurate work is successfully done thanks to computerisation.
8. digital model of Metropol Parasol
"10-best examples of blobitecture named," ArchitectureNow, last modified Oct 10, 2013, http://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/10-best-examples-of-blobitecture-named/#img=0] 4
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Before digital programs launch, architects were unable to achieve blobitecture in reality although they might have such ideas5. The shapes and materials were complicated to generate by hand. In this case, computation did encourage designers thinking out of the box and make their designs come ture. Different from computation, which I will later explain, these designs are orginally done by architects and then place in digital programs to further modify. Computer plays a role as supporting tool for designers.
BLOBITECTURE refers to buildings with an organic, amoeba-shaped, building form
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Bert Bielefeld, Design Ideas (Basel, Switzerland : Birkh채user, 2007), 68
9. photo of Metropol Parsol [2011], J.Mayer H. Architect
A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION
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10. photo of Metropol Parsol [2011], J.Mayer H. Architect
A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION
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02 PARAMETRIC PAVILION // 2014 // ALEJANDRO RODRIGUEZ DESIGN
The Parametric Pavilion started with an algorithm: a pyrmaidshaped component placed across a vaulted surface, creating a strong differentiation by changing its height6. Computation was conducted in this project which designers experiment the shape by using digital program. PVC pipes were used to reinforced the structure, fixed to the ground. Different from the previous example [Metropol Parasol], designers used digitial program in the first step. Through experiments
of various shapes, they finally came up with the final satisfied shape. It is important to note that computer plays a crucial role in experimenting shapes and data analysis. The use of laser-cut plastic components encourages people to use digital fabrication techniques. Computation influences the architectural field that designers can generate ideas through digital experiments. Trying different combinations helps designers think critically and creatively.
11. digital model of Parametric Pavilion [2014], Alejandro Rodriguez Design
"Digfabmty1.0 by Alejandro Rodriguez," Marco Rinaldi, last modified January 9, 2015, http://aasarchitecture.com/2015/01/digfabmty-1-0-alejandro-rodriguez.html 6
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12. photo of Parametric Pavilion [2014], Alejandro Rodriguez Design
13. photo of Parametric Pavilion [2014], Alejandro Rodriguez Design
A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION
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14. interior of Parametric Pavilion [2014], Alejandro Rodriguez Design
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A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION
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A.3. COMPOSITION / GENERATION
15. interior of robotically fabricated pavilion [2012], ICD & ITKE
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A.3. COMPOSTION / GENERATION
Computational technology is now commonly used which have made great influence on our design process and idea generation. It is hard to say computation is absolutely good or bad towards architecture and design. Generative design has advantage of providing variables and creating forms that cannot be easily built. Just like the blob architecture mentioned in the last chapter, it cannot be created without computational technology. Algorithmic thinking is the basic requirement in the design process as to establish logic between elements. However, in some sense, designers may be led by these softwares and have no full control in form findings.
A basic form, pattern, or object is automatically modified by an algorithm. The result: infinite random modifications of the starting solution (within a solution space set by the designer). – Frank Piller7
Thus what worth to reflect is: are these generative designs actually our designs or a product by computer?
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Frank Piller, "Generative Design Software Helping Users With DIY Design," RWTH AACHEN Univeristy (2006), http://frankpiller.com/generative_desi/
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A .3. COM P OSIT I O N / G E NE R ATI O N 01 ROBOTICALLY FABRICATED PAVILION // 2012 // ICD + ITKE
As to maximize the performative capacity according to the synthesis of material effeiciency, structural performance and biomimetic design, ICD/ITKE research pavilion demonstrates the use of computational design with modular approach and robotic fabrication8. Palm, a protective weapn of lobster, is used as the role model for this design. Emphazing on lightweight, glass fiber and carban fiber are the only materials for creating the shelter9. There is nothing more to support the interior of pavilion.
16. photo of robotically fabricated pavilion [2012], ICD & ITKE "Researching New Tectonic Possibilities In Architecture - Robotically Fabricated Pavilion In Stuttgart", Marija Bojovic, last modified August 21, 2013, http://www.evolo.us/architecture/researching-new-tectonic-possibilities-in-architecture-roboticallyfabricated-pavilion-in-stuttgart/ 9 ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012: Entrane wrapping simulation (ITKE, 2012) 8
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A.3. COMPOSTION / GENERATION
Biology Winding Logic Material Working Space
SUPPORT STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT
TOOLPATH GENERATION INPUT
FORM DEVELOPMENT
SYNTAX
OPTIMIZATION
CONTROL CONVERSION WINDING TEST
17. idea generation & experimenting process
By calculating the bearing capacity, designers did different test before the actural pavilion launched. It began with a small scale model and kept modifing the design. With no doubt, algorithm played a important role in this project which it calculates and collects all data. From design forming to accurate calculation, algorithm is no longer just
mathematics, but a crucial support for designers and the whole project. We can see the tight relationship between algorithms and computation where computer becomes a platform for processing algorithm10. Such relationship helps designer solve lots of problems, especially the structure support and form of the pavilion.
Robert A. Wilson and Frank C. Keil, "Definition of ‘Algorithm’" in The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press, 1999), 12. 10
A.3. COMPOSTION / GENERATION
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18. photo of robotically fabricated pavilion [2012], ICD & ITKE
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A.3. COMPOSTION / GENERATION
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02
ENERGY
CITY
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2013
Video game is not only a game, but a space for imagination. It has become a tool to allow anyone to take a stab at urban designing. Energy City is one of them, providing platform for people to redesign a city. Players need to consider economic, social and envrionment issues while developing an urban energy portfolio that generates power to support a growing city. It gives a list of available energy options for an area and players decide how to proceed11; however, there are monetary, environmental and pollution retraints. This makes the game much closer to real-life ideas12.
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JASON
DIGITAL
LAB
Algorithm takes place here which it calculates input data and export a "city" as output. Everytime the player adds an object, like bridge, it encourages more "citizens" live in the city; soon, it also produce certain level of pollution. Such input-output concept is similar to the logic of algorithm. Taking Grasshopper as example, this software conduct this concept where users input data and output will be produced automatically. Input-output concept in this case is no longer just appear in professional digital software, but alternatively introduce to anyone through video game, a real-life experience.
"'Energy City' teaches urban planning," last modified May 17, 2011, https://gatorgamers.wordpress.com/2011/05/17/energy-city-game-review/ 12 "Turning video gamers into urban planners," Allison Engel, last modified September 5, 2014, https://news.usc.edu/68048/turning-video-gamers-into-urban-planners/ 11
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19. snapshot of Energy City
20. snapshot of Grasshopper
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C O N C L U S I O N
21. photo of Many Small Cubes [2014], Sou Fujimoto
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CONCLUSION
Computational design will slowly replace analogue to become a mainstream design method in this technological-oriented era. Convenience and accuracy are the most attractive advantages to designers and fellow stakeholders. Computation helps collect data and analyze it quickly. It simplifies the procedure of idea transmission and ensures the quality of work. It is a big step foward in design and architectural field. Designers can focus on their idea development with a few clicks in computer to experiment the feasibility of their work. Both time and cost will largely reduce. More importantly, the design approach itself includes mathematical way of thinking logic in which bring to a deeper research base of findings and stronger bonding between arts and science.
CONCLUSION
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LEARNING OUTCOME
22. photo of parametric design
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Honestly, I am not familiar with computational strategies before this course. I was used to handmake models other than digital generation. Soon, I find that computing gives another sense of experience in architectural practise. In Grasshopper, I tried to play around different commands and slider. In the beginning, I felt like I was controlled by it; but when I became more familiar with it, I started to understand the logic behind those linkages between seeds. Everytime I placed an input, there would be different outcomes and patterns. I was inspired by them. I started to have more images in my head, using various geometries to generate another new design. Computation is sort of like a foundation to develop my design, level by level. It definitely broadens my design thinking along the process finding more possibilities with a comprehesive analysis with form finding and material strength.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
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A P P E N D I X / A L G O R I T H M
23. rendering & photoshop of pavilion design
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APPENDIX
S K E T C H E S /
begin with simple triangles
When I started generating ideas for pavilion design, I did research online. I found that lots of them were very curvy and using numerous types of new materials. Is it true that computational design must be in curved form?
using contour & move
These sketches are the process of creating a pavilion. Instead of using curved lines, I began with triangles, the most basic geometry. I tried different combinations and finally came up with this shape. By applying contour lines, it vertically divided the surface of triangles. The size of slides were adjusted until I was satisfied.
adjusting its dimension
Computation is a supporting tool instead of a leading tool in terms of design.
satisified shape
24. pavilion design development
APPENDIX
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25. rendering & photoshop of digital model
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APPENDIX
APPENDIX
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R E F E R E N C E IMAGES 1. Sou Fujimoto. Retrieved from http://www.dwell.com/profiles/article/architect-welove-sou-fujimoto 2-3. White Tree. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/484360/sou-fujimoto-ledteam-designs-tree-inspired-housing-tower-for-montpellier/ 4-6. Fallingwater. Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/60022/ad-classicsfallingwater-frank-lloyd-wright/ 7. Self-render 8-10. Metropol Parasol. Retrieved from http://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/10-bestexamples-of-blobitecture-named/ 11-14. Parametric Pavilion. Retrieved from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/ parametric-pavilion-in-monterrey-mexico/ 15-18. Robotically Fabricated Pavilion. Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/ architecture/robotically-fabricated-carbon-and-glass-fibre-pavilion-by-icd-itke/ 19. Energy City. Retrieved from https://gatorgamers.wordpress.com/2011/05/17/ energy-city-game-review/ 20. Grasshopper. Retrieved from https://www.pinterest.com/pin/402368547928503838/ 21.Many Small Cubes. Retrieved from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/soufujimoto-many-small-cubes-fiac-paris-10-23-2014/ 22. Parametric pattern. Retrieved from https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/4b/ a6/04/4ba6040f621c80311890f44c5b126da8.jpg 23-25. Self-render
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REFERENCE
BOOK "10-best examples of blobitecture named," ArchitectureNow, last modified Oct 10, 2013, http://architecturenow.co.nz/articles/10-best-examples-of-blobitecture-named/#img=0 Bielefeld, Bert. Design Ideas. Basel, Switzerland : Birkhäuser, 2007. "Digfabmty1.0 by Alejandro Rodriguez". Marco Rinaldi. last modified January 9, 2015. http://aasarchitecture.com/2015/01/digfabmty-1-0-alejandro-rodriguez.html Dunne, Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby. Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2013. "'Energy City' teaches urban planning". last modified May 17, 2011. https://gatorgamers.wordpress.com/2011/05/17/energy-city-game-review/ ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012: Entrane wrapping simulation. ITKE, 2012. Piller, Frank. "Generative Design Software Helping Users With DIY Design". RWTH AACHEN Univeristy,2006. http://frankpiller.com/generative_desi/ "Researching New Tectonic Possibilities In Architecture - Robotically Fabricated Pavilion In Stuttgart". Marija Bojovic, last modified August 21, 2013. http://www.evolo.us/architecture/researching-new-tectonic-possibilities-inarchitecture-robotically fabricated-pavilion-in-stuttgart/ "Turning video gamers into urban planners". Allison Engel. last modified September 5, 2014. https://news.usc.edu/68048/turning-video-gamers-into-urban-planners/ Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil. "Definition of ‘Algorithm’". In The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences, 11-12. London: MIT Press, 1999. Wright, Frank Lloyd. In the Cause of Architecture. New York: The Archtiectural Record, 1908. Yehuda E., Kalay. Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design.Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004.
REFERENCE
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