Indonesia through Our Looking Glass by HI!Folks Magazine

HI!Folks Issue II: Indonesia through Our Looking Glass

Table of Content

- Editor’s letter 4 - Feature Writing: The Panasila

Lecture for Millenial Generation. - A Brief History of The Repu-

Issue 2

Indonesia through our looking glass.

blic of Indonesia - Indonesia Foreign Relations

- Indonesia’s Hidden Beauty

- Highlighted News

- Sinetron: How it has become

a part of Indonesian’s lives? - Tolerance in Indoneia

- Much Relatable Condition of

Majoritarian Democracy - Self-help: Beware of Fake News

- Films 27 - Books 28 - Arts 32 - Highlighted Events

- Quiz 36 - Demographic of Indonesia

Editor-In-Chief Aluna Khansa Sub-Editor Syarifa Aisya Feature Writers Aditya Putra Parciella Aninda Ridhan Sheila Nur Amalina Syarifa Aisya Opinion Writers Anjanette Ondang Felia Jasmine Jessica Natalie Section Writer Lidia Kristi Agustina (Books) Nanda Vima Tasha (Movies) Sheila Nur Amalina (Quiz) Designer Aluna Khansa Anjanette Ondang Publication Sheila Nur Amalina Illustration Bernadetta Quinta Jessica Natalie

Contact: hifolks.magazine@gmail.com

Editor’s Letter

Well Hello, Again! the study of Pancasila itself need to be take in as a profound philWelcome to our newest HI!Folks osophical grounds that might be edition, titled “Indonesia through useful for our daily life. our looking glass”. Fascinating isn’t it? The reason on why we decided to choose this particular topic is Flip this page right on to the because we are so interested with next, well then enjoy the reading!:) the idea of bringing up several issues that seemed to always been a part of Indonesian lives to an Best Regards, extent that it has actually shaped HI!Folks team the way our country is being perceived. Be it an opinion about the media in Indonesia (read pg. 18!) or a discourse that further talks about the reality of Indonesia’s democracy (see pg. 22). Hi, Folks!

Moreover, on this issue, you will also find a writing from one of our amazing lecture, mas Haryo B. Rahmadi, who will give us more perspective on how Pancasila need to be understand not only for a mere knowledge, but 4

HIFolks Member

Aluna Khansa Editor-In-chief & Designer

Parciella Aninda Writer

Syarifa Aisya Sub-editor

Sheila Nur Amalina Writer & Publisher

Ridhan Writer & Photographer

Felia Jasmine Writer

Anjanette Ondang Writer & Designer

Aditya K. Putra Writer & Photographer 4

Feature Wrtitings

The Pancasila Lecture for Millennial Generation; Having silverfish on the flat earth map Short “millenial wanna-be” essay by Haryo B.Rahmadi Lecturer on Civics and Pancasila National Ideology International University Liaison Indonesia

Confucius’ famous quote says, “I hear, I know. I see, I remember. I do, I understand.” So, I asked the students, “When we talk about Pancasila, is it more important for us to be able to explain it cognitively, and scientifically as students of a university, or to love and have passion on it, or to be able to put it into actions in our daily life?” Most of the students’ responses viewed the options as equally important, yet we, the students and I, realized that it is very unlikely for someone to be fluent in something if he/she lacks interest in that something. Thus, we agreed that a fluid cycle of loving and knowing something is the one which will gear passion and knowledge toward doing (actions), the same thing that we expect to see from Pancasila class as well. The earlier mentioned cycle about loving, knowing, and doing is actually at the very heart of any activity, and so do teaching and learning activities. Nevertheless, we have not yet talked about Pancasila as the subject here. Pancasila, our state ideology, our philosophische grondslag, our national life vision, and all the heavy titles it carries, is not a blast from the past. It is still, and will forever be the guiding principles of our nation and national life. But, it was in fact not blasting nor (even) whispering for nearly two decades since the dawn of the so-called Reformasi Era. Since that time, Pancasila has been befriended by silverfish and companies, buried deep in old print media in used books corners.

basics to those who have never seen silverfish, but very fluently arguing on flat earth science? If lecturers, including me, are trying to be honest to ourselves, we will actually sense some degree of millennial infections within us. Even lecturers are now internet watchers as well, we want things to be scientifically fun. Alas, lectures, particularly on ideological and philosophical stuffs, are usually not the ones with that millennial joy and fun characteristics. But the students, they are the milThose who have never seen life speeding silverfish in their cupboard lennials who truly know how they could possibly belong to the so-called like things to be. They even swim “millennial” generation; the ones who in the technicalities of that know have not only been heavily exposed to how, i.e. the internet technologies. the joy and fun of colorful interactive multimedia, but also to the very rich Enjoy the awkwardness of this and disruptive public knowledge like, generation gap say, the flat earth theory. These millennial students are grown-ups at the Then lecturers need to contemplate university context, they demand rich inside, just a bit, to find that Panknowledgeful joy and fun in a pack, casila is not about mere lecture or not less, but more is OK. Hence, we syllabus. Well it is a lecture, but it is could probably use old school drama on a subject that is too clearly about type lecture method to add the joy the loving, knowing, and doing cycle and fun of participatory learning, but as we expect earlier. It is about life, the effect is guaranteed to vanish easi- especially the students’ own life with ly amidst attractions popping up from all its disruptive technologies. And students’ gadgets. We maybe can also face it that in life subject, lecturer pretend to have TED talk like show in is also a student altogether with the class to make our learning so scienstudents as fellow learners. Let us, tifically appealing, well, only to TED stop sweating too much on copying talk watchers, and to our own wishes, millennials terms and languages to but very unlikely to the students. come into students’ minds. Instead,

Feature Wrtitings

Have you ever seen silverfish on So, again, how do you expect to talk about ideology and philosophical the flat earth map?

Feature Wrtitings

let us open our minds that we can enjoy the awkwardness of this generation gap, and discover new tricks of the millennial’s flat earth magics.

the guts to hoist the sail to the table edges, up to the developing scientific evidences of the earth spherical forms. Nevertheless, as the earth goes flat again in millennial era, silverfish Then let us ponder a bit on the Pancasi- seems to lost the update. Silverfish canla’s time frame of two credits semester; not dig tunnels through torrent tunless than two atomic hours per week, nels, through jpg, pdf, and mp4 files. times 14(fourteen) sessions minus tests, quizzes, late arrivals, absences, Finally, it is worth noting that by etc. in which lecturers need to make having silverfish on the flat earth the students ideologically sound now map does “guarantee not at all” and in the future. OMG, that is once that the Pancasila discussion will again not the point. Remember that not vanish easily amidst attracwe are all students swimming together tions popping up from students’ in the little pond of life called Pancasila class, and do not forget to expose gadgets. A student told me that the adventurous journey of silverfish things discussed in Pancasila class inside the Pancasila treasure books. could last only a week in his head. I

And when the trigger is just right Silverfish has been digging tunnels here, there, and everywhere in old Pancasila books. It sees that Garuda Pancasila, officially introduced as our national coat of arms circa five years after our independence in 1945, firmly grips the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika ribbon. Silverfish read that Bhinneka Tunggal Ika was coined even long before 1945, it was in 1365 in Mpu Tantular’s scripture “Sutasoma”. Since then, silverfish and all its army of offsprings have been digging miles of tunnels in many other books. From the old medieval cosmological book that viewed the earth like a huge flat table, where only brave explorers had

assured the students that this statement is indeed relieving. Unlike millennial gadgets, human’s brain has significant inability to delete whatever comes into its memory. This way, I expect that our Pancasila lectures will forever occupy some sectors in students’ biological hard disk. And when the trigger is just right, we will all hopefully remember again our way back to Pancasila as our state ideology, our philosophische grondslag, our national life vision, and as the guiding principles of our nation and national life, re-contextualized into our daily life applications.

2 million to 500,000 Years Ago Human ancestors known as Homo erectus, or Java Man, live in the area.

700s Trade routes are established with China and India.

1200â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s-1300â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Javanese Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourish.

1500's By the end of the century, Islam is the area's main religion.

1800 The Dutch East India Company goes bankrupt. The islands are known as the Dutch East Indies until Indonesia's independence 149 years later.

1602-1800 The Dutch East India Company is formed to trade goods. The Dutch begin building an empire, often using violence.

1942-1945 Japan occupies the islands during World War II.

1949 Indonesia gains independence from the Dutch after four years of fighting.

1998

Suharto resigns.

1967 Suharto assumes title of President, and rules with an iron hand.

1999

The first fully free parliamentary elections.

INDONESIA FOREIGN RELATIONS

By Syarifa Aisya 10

ASEAN “One Vision, One Identity, One Community” – on Tuesday, 8 August 1967, five leaders from five countries – the Foreign Ministers of Indonesia (Adam Malik), Malaysia (Tun Abdul Razak), the Philippines (Narciso R. Ramos), Singapore (S. Rajaratnam), and Thailand (Thanat Khoman) – met in Bangkok, Thailand, in the main hall of the Department of Foreign Affairs building and signed the ASEAN Declaration (also known as the Bangkok Declaration). The document was a short, simply-worded document that only contains five articles, but it took them four days in the early August to negotiate, finalize, and signed it. It was said to be a hard process, and the reason was because each leader brought their historical and political perspective that by no means catch any resemblance to that of any others. Later, in the inaugural session of ASEAN, Adam Malik (the Presidium Minister for Political Affairs and Minister for Foreign Affairs of Indonesia) described the visions of Indonesia to develop the Southeast Asia region to become “a region which can stand on its own feet, strong enough to defend itself against any negative influence from outside the region”. He also said that it can work effectively if all of the countries of the region cooperated

each other and overcome their differences through a maximum of goodwill and understanding, faith, and realism. Later on, Brunei Darussalam (8 January 1984), Vietnam (28 July 1995), Laos and Myanmar (23 July 1997) and also Cambodia (30 April 1999) joined the Association. Non-Aligned Movement Founded by the Heads of State of Egypt (Gamal Abdel Nasser), Ghana (Kwame Nkrumah), India (Shri Jawaharlal Nehru), Indonesia (Ahmed Sukarno), and Yugoslavia (Josip Broz Tito) – is a movement that started from the Conference that was held on 18 – 24 April, 1955, in Bandung. When the colonial system collapsed and regions in the world (Africa, Asia, Latin America, and others) struggled to keep their independence, NAM was created and played an essential role in keeping the world peace and security. At the 1995’s Conference, gathered 29 Head of States that remained neutral and did not seek to formally align themselves with either the United States or the Soviet Union. Known as the “Ten Principles of Bandung”, were the principles that later adopted as the main goals and objectives of the movement. Its main objective is to “create an independent path in

world politics that would not result in member States becoming paws in the struggles between the major powers”. In October 3rd, 2016, at the 71st meeting of the UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) First Committee, Indonesia gave a statement on behalf of the movement that stated the disapproval of NAM of the step-by-step approach to disarmament and called for the urgent commencement of negotiation on a nuclear weapons ban.

nity) into a unified body and actively represented the Muslims by supporting all causes close to the hearts of over 1.5 billion Muslims of the world. In order to protect the interests and the true values of the Muslims, it has taken various steps to remove misperceptions and has strongly advocated elimination of discrimination against Muslims in all forms and manifestations, and it also has a cooperative and consultative relations with the UN and other intergovernmental organizations Organization of Islamic Cooperation to handle disputes between Member “The Collective Voice of the Muslim States. During the 43rd session of the World” – formerly known as the Orga- OIC Council of Foreign Ministers in nization of the Islamic Conference, is Tashkent, Uzbekistan on October 18 – the second-largest intergovernmental 19 2016, Indonesia was praised by the organization after the United Nations, organization because of their commitwith a membership that includes 57 ment in supporting the peace process states that spread over four continents. and independence of Palestine . In the spirit of promoting international peace and harmony, OIC aims to Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation safeguard the true values of Islam and The idea to established APEC came in the Muslims and to protect the interests 1989, when Australia hosted the first of the Muslim countries around the annual meeting of Foreign and Trade world. It was established following the Ministers from 12 Asia-Pacific econocriminal arson toward Al-Aqsa Mosque mies to discuss ways to increase coopin Jerusalem that led to the historical eration. The discussion was in response summit in Rabat (Kingdom of Moto the growing interdependence among rocco) that was held on September Asia-Pacific economies and to the 25th 1969. It has the singular honor to need to advance Asia-Pacific economic motivate the Ummah (Muslim commu- dynamism and sense of community.

Ten months later, 12 economies of the Asia-Pacific met in Canberra, Australia to establish APEC; the 12 economies and also the founding members were Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and the United States. Later, People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Chinese Taipei (1991), Mexico, Papua New Guinea (1993), Chile (1994), Peru, Russia, and Viet Nam (1998) joined APEC and changed its membership to 21 countries. The significant developments between Indonesia and APEC (besides being one of its founding members) is that, in 1994, APEC sets the Bogor Goals of “free and open trade, investment in the Asia-Pacific by 2010 for developed economies and 2020 for developing economies.”; while in 2013, APEC provide the push needed to conclude the “Bali Package” at the 9th World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference in order to boost global trade – a package of measures to enhance regional connectivity is endorsed, including an APEC Multi Year Plan on Infrastructure Development and Investment prioritizing public-private partnership projects and also a target of one million intra-APEC university students per year by 2020 is also set.

G20 G20, or the Group of Twenty, is an international forum that brings together the world’s leading industrialized and emerging economies . It is the expanded group that was originated from the Group of Seven, or G7. In 1999, at a G7 meeting in Washington, they proposed a new mechanism for dialogue to be established, in order to “…broaden the dialogue on key economic and financial policy issues among systemically significant economies and promote cooperation to achieve stable and sustainable world economic growth that benefits all…” The member nations of the G20 met in December 1999 for the first time; the members are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union – and together they comprise ‘around 85 percent of global gross domestic product, over 74 per cent of global trade, and two thirds of the world’s population’.

Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Hidden Beauty

Source: Google

By Ciella Aninda

1. Mount Rinjani

2. Ijen Crater

Mount Rinjani has one of the most beautiful mountain panoramas in Indonesia. It is located in West Nusa Tenggara and recorded as the second highest volcano in Indonesia, with its highest point calculated at 12,224 ft. The Mount Rinjani National Park is a popular mountain trek, especially for European trekkers, as it provides breathtaking views from its summit. The trekking time takes approximately 3 days, for the arranged routes for beginners, while the advanced routes take approximately 5 days.

Ijen Crater, the biggest Crater Lake in Java, is located in East Java, between Banyuwangi and Bondowoso District. It has the largest acidic Crater Lake in the world; its 200 meters deep turquoise water is dangerously alluring, but highly toxic that it can actually burn human flesh. Early morning is the best time to visit Ijen Crater; if the wind starts to blow the heavy acidic sulfur smoke, it will make the hike impossible to continue. Other than its dazzling turquoise water, visitors can also see stunning electric blue flames streaming down the mountain. The blue lava-like flame is the cause of the sulfuric gasses that comes in contact with air; and it is best to see this at midnight because itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only visible at night.

Located in Papua, Jaya Peak (also known as Carstenz Pyramid), is one of the Seven Summits of seven continents, with its being considered as the highest mountain (4,884 meters) in both Indonesia and Australian continent, and the highest peak in the world. For hikers and the general public, Jaya Peak is highly inaccessible; flying from the nearest airport and do a five-day hike through a dense jungle with regular rainfall, is the only route that people can do in order for them to reach the base camp.

Source: Google

3. Jaya Peak

4. Mount Bromo One of the most popular tourist destination in East Java that is known for its scenic and picturesque view is a volcano called Mount Bromo. What makes it unique, beside its stunning views of sunrise, is that it actually is one of the new four volcanic cones that was emerging from the caldera of another volcano, called Tengger (Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park). It is possible to reach the volcano by car, preferably jeep, following the route that start from Surabaya, to Pasuruan, then Wonokitri, and finally, Mount Bromo.

Source: Google

5. Bunaken National Park

Source: Google

Bunaken National Park is one of Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first growing system of marine parks. Being located on the north side of Sulawesi and also in the center of the Golden Coral Circle territory, its marine biodiversity has been said to have the highest level in the world. It has the highest diversity of outstanding coral species, fish species, endangered marine mammals and reptiles, birds, and also mangrove species, making it a global priority to conserve the marine park. There are various national and international non-governmental organizations that have been actively cooperating in conserving the marine park, including WWF-Indonesia; and in 2005, Indonesia submitted the national park to UNESCO as one of the World Heritage List (still on the Tentative List).

6. Mount Kelimutu Mount Kelimutu, located in Flores, East Nusa Tenggara, is a volcano known for its magnificent three colored crater lakes. The natural phenomenon was created because of the eruption of the volcano in 1886 and was formerly in red, blue, and green colors. While it used to be in those 3 colors, it changes after time and continually changes, dramatically into black or white colors, due to the volcanoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fumes that cause chemical reactions towards the lakes. Tiwu Ata Mbupu (Lake of Old People) usually in blue, while Tiwu Nuwa Muri Koo Fai (Lake of Young Men) and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched Lake) are usually in red or green.

Source: Google

Highlighted News

January

February

March

1 January

11 February

1 March

- Indonesian Rupiah new format has officially used in Indonesia but many of citizens used old format of rupiah.

- A major protest was held by the Indonesian Islamic People Forum in response to Jakarta’s Christian Governor Basuki Thajaha Purnama’s remarks on Al-Maidah ayah 51 in October 2016. The protest was one of several major protests opposing the governor that was held by Islamic hardliner organizations in the country.

- King Salman of Saudi Arabia arrived at Halim Perdana Kusuma Airport and officially began the royal family first foreign trip to Indonesia in 35 years

-The Government of Indonesia officially issued a statement condemning the attack on Istanbul nightclub on New Year’s Eve perpetrated by ISIS. The Indonesian Embassy in Istanbul was advised to protect every Indonesian citizens in Turkey and advised Indonesian to stay in contact with local authorities. 4 January - Indonesian Government terminated its military relation with Australia for a certain of time after a suspected insults and discrimination against the symbol and ideology of Indonesia and several sensitive political issues of Indonesia were found during a training on a military base in Australia. 16 January

14 February - Telkom 3S, an Indonesian satellite owned by Indonesian-communication giants Telkomsel, lifted off from Kourou, French Guyana. 15 February - The 2017 Indonesian regional election. President Joko Widodo designated this day as a national holiday. 21 February

- The leader of the Islamic Defender Front Rizieq Shihab led a major protest in front of the Indonesian National Police Headquarter in Jakarta in response to the massive allegations on the burning of GMBI building in Bogor.

- Another major protest was held by the Indonesian Islamic People Forum in response to Jakarta’s Christian Governor Basuki Thajaha Purnama’s remarks on Al-Maidah ayah 51 in October 2016. It was the second time in a month and the fourth time in less than six month.

27 January

25 February

- One of the judges of the Indonesian Constitutional Court Patrialis Akbar was arrested by the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission on a hotel in Jakarta

- 3 people were killed and over 600 people were injured after a riot occurred due to dispute over the results on the regional election in Intan Jaya, Papua.

4 March - King Salman officially ended its diplomatic trip in Bogor and Jakarta and began his vacation trip in Bali - The first ever Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Leaders’ Summit was held in Indonesia’s capital city of Jakarta 10 March - Thousands of people joined the anti-online transportation protest throughout Indonesia. The protest was attended mainly by local bus drivers and ojek drivers who refused to accept the operation of online transportation in Indonesia. 22 March - Indonesian embassies had been informed about the attack on Westminster and condemned the attack. The Foreign Ministry later sent condolences to the victims of the attack.

April

MAY

jUNE

3 April

9 May

1 June

- Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the bombing in Saint Petersburg Metro which killed 15 people and injured more than 60 others.

- Djarot Saiful Hidayat was inaugurated as the acting governor of Jakarta after the incumbent Governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, was convicted guilty for blasphemy.

10-12 April

24 May

- Indonesian Rupiah 2017 banknotes new format has been officially used in all regions of Indonesia began to be circulated and used, then multiplied the amount of money.

- Joko Widodo stated his intention on moving Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capital from Jakarta to Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan due to economic and strategic benefit.

- Basuki Tjahaja Purnama formally appealed to resign from office as governor in Jakartato President Joko Widodo.

11 April - Prominent figure of the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission, Novel Baswedan, was splashed with highly corrosive liquid by unknown perpetrators. He was later flown to Singapore for further treatment.

29/30/31 May (reported between 3 days other) - Two improvised explosive devices was set off near a bus stop in Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta at around 9 p.m. during a torch parade before Ramadhan.

19 April - Jakarta gubernatorial election, 2017, second round has been decided and confirmed with the next incumbent of Jakarta government is given to Anies Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno as vice government will taking office at October 2017. 28-30 April - Flowers for Ahok - 1.000 flower arrangements were sent to the Jakarta City Hall for Basuki Tjahaja Purnama in response to his loss during the Jakarta Gubernatorial elecion, the first time in the history of Indonesian politic where such phenomenon occurred.

Highlighted News Jan - June 2017 By Sheila Nur Amalina

Opinion

Sinetron: how it has become a part of Indonesians’ lives? By Anjanette Ondang & Felia Jasmine

By now, almost all Indonesians would know what ‘Sinetron’ is; it is the abbreviation of Sinema Elektronik. Many of us don’t really watch Sinetron on a daily basis, but millions of Indonesians watch Sinetron as part of their daily life. Some of the most famous Sinetrons are Cinta Fitri, Anak Jalanan, Ganteng Ganteng Serigala and many others. Although many of us criticize the overall content of Sinetron, how has it become so imbedded in Indonesians’ lives and still succeeded to these days?

general, almost all of Sinetron productions have similar storylines. Most of the time, the storyline can be easily predicted; the most common storylines are about family drama, evil step-mum, social gap between the rich and the poor, a struggling poor family, bullying amongst teenager, and a new girl at school – often, Sinetron also exhibits violence that may not be suited to the younger demographic. Through storylines like above, Sinetron normalizes violence, bullying and social gap in the daily lives of Indonesians. Sinetron that caters to younger audiences, usually show the exaggerated dating life of teenagers in high school. It sets the bar of how dating life should be like and what is the right way to treat the opposite sex in order to get their attention. But these types of storyline actually cater to young adults, not preteen. Sadly, there are a lot of preteen obsessing over these types of Sinetron; and their pure young minds that haven’t experienced real life, they aren’t able to differentiate between what is real and what is imaginary – and they deluded themselves thinking that what happened in the story, can actually happen to them if they copy what the characters do. It creates an unhealthy obsession.

To get a better understanding of Sinetron’s impact on Indonesians’ lives, we have interviewed some people (university students and adults) to give us some different perspectives on this matter. Most students that we interviewed expressed dislike towards

Sinetron; they think it’s too exaggerated and the content is very poor. However, when we interviewed the others (adults), it turned out that their age group sees Sinetron as something that is very entertaining and they prefer Sinetron more than news.

There

are many different kinds of people in our society, and after interviewing different people in two different age groups, we can conclude that there are some who think that Sinetron has good impacts and some who disagree with it. In order to minimize the risk of destructing preteens’ brains, some of TV channels in Indonesia put age restriction before showing its TV content. Sinetron, although it is marked only for teenagers and above, there are a lot of minors and underage children that watches it without parental supervision.

This is how Sinetron impacts

Indonesian lives. By continually producing bad content that lacks positive meaning and important subject, it ruins our society’s mentality to rather focus on TV characters and their imaginary problems. Especially for minors – it is especially bad for them because their mentalities aren’t fully developed yet. In our opinion, Sinetron are highly uneducated. Its story lines do not better our nation nor does it produce in high qualities; it just lacks in any positive aspects whatsoever.

Opinion

TOLERANCE IN INDONESIA By Aditya Putra

Tolerance

is the ability to tolerate something that different from the point of views of one and another. According to UNESCO Declaration of Principles on Tolerance, tolerance is respect, acceptance and appreciation of the rich diversity of our worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cultures, our forms of expression and ways of being human. Tolerance is important because the effects of tolerance can create a better and harmonize living area no matter where it is. United Nations also committed to keep strengthening tolerance around the world, by educating people around the world to understand each otherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s culture and about the people itself. As quoted in the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance, tolerance is the responsibility that upholds human rights, pluralism, democracy and the rule of law. Means that every aspect needs to be in line with tolerance, especially human rights. Tolerance does not mean we can tolerate the social injustice, but tolerance as in we tolerate and accepting others opinion, beliefs, etc. In 16 November 1995, United Nations, by the initiative of UNESCO, decided to declare 1995 as the International Year of Tolerance, after previously being proclaimed at UN General Assembly in 1993. The Declaration

sees tolerance not only as a moral duty, but also as a political and legal requirement for individuals, groups and states. Tolerance at the state level requires justice in law enforcement, legislation, also judicial and administrative. Laws in every state should give equality in both treatment and opportunity.

Indonesia, tolerance also a key to create a peaceful life; especially considering the diversity in it. Pancasila components embodied a harmonious society based on religious tolerance, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice. The government of Indonesia only recognizes Islam, Buddhism, Confucianism, Catholicism, Hinduism and Protestantism, but other religions are still accepted through society. International Conference on Religion and Peace is the best example of how Indonesian people treasure tolerance. Even if ICRP is an NGO, they dedicated themselves to promoting democracy and peace in Indonesia. Even some individual teachers make

an enormous effort to promote inter-religious tolerance. Intolerance

groups also has been spotted rising and promote intolerance in a mask

of religion. The situation in Indonesia from late 2016 to the mid 2017 regarding tolerance is not as good as before. Non-Muslims are refused by millions of Indonesian people for becoming the political leader and caused an uproar that caught international eyes. Jakarta’s Governor, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama (well known by others as Ahok), was on trial for blasphemy. As a result, the minority of Indonesians felt and received unwanted threat.

commission urged television stations to refrain from showing effeminate men. This rises the movement of LGBT community wanting their rights.

On the other hand, LGBT in Indonesia start to express more and showed to the society what they really are. President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, said that there will be no discrimination of the minority, regardless of their sexuality. Even with the President’s statement, Indonesia still has a long way to achieve the openness and tolerance for LGBT. National Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia already gave a statement that more protection is needed for LGBT people to push the government to end discrimination and violence. Aceh, for example, is a province that granted a special condition where they have their own laws and creating intolerance towards LGBT literally on their laws. The country’s top Muslim clerical body, the Council of

Indonesian Ulema (MUI) issued a fatwa condemning homosexuality, while the broadcasting

Opinion

Much Relatable Condition of Majoritarian Democracy by Jessica Natalie When Indonesia was picked as hifolks 2nd edition’s theme, I voluntarily asked for some pages for me to discuss about the democracy in Indonesia – as I thought a journal by someone we know may conclude a lot more than our own thoughts, while also sum up almost every bit of class discussions relating to this particular topic. In a scholarly article written by Ben K.C Laksana, “An Indonesian democracy: Limits of a Majoritarian Democracy”, pointed out the weakness of Indonesia’s democracy as it argues on the widespread practice of human right violation created towards religion and culture discrimination. Indonesia’s type of governing government that as opposed to maintaining esteems that safeguards individual rights and differences, may in practice undermine religious and social-cultural diversities, authorizing a homogenized national culture and qualities, which consequently may engender human rights infringement for the sake of national security that it in itself is the characteristic of majoritarian that covers dominantly. The only manifestation of democracy that Indonesia is able to condemn compare to the other democratic to-do list is the practice of free election, an electoralist fallacy, a widespread acceptance of the voice of the majority as a sufficient condition of democracy. The writer argues that beside elections and free press, democracy practice should focus on instruments that can amplify the lead of law and greater organizations, matters that are frequently thrashing in nations transitioning to democracy.

To prolong the discussion of majoritarian democracy, I started off with a question of why it turns out to be that way. Is majoritarian democracy’s not a democracy? If not, then how democracy should look like, how it should be then? On this particular matter, I acknowledge John Rawls’s magnificent explanation on democracy, with its aspect, characteristic and also condition that he stated in his book, “The Law of People”. But I guess the condition is way too imaginary to be applied to Indonesia at its current state. So to address it better, because of my interest in the Stoic philosophical way of thinking, I found it fascinating to draw a line between democracy and emotions, as the people are one of democracy’s biggest assets and key point – so it will be interesting to start it off with people. The Stoic thinks that one’s morality and behavior is governed by their ungoverned emotions, and that is one’s thoughts and feelings. Socrates popular view on fear and terror, connects the way of people behave on democratic realm. Democracy has given the situation of fear of being different. The fear as emotion has gone to control one’s morality and decision making process. One of the concrete examples of this fear contribution to one’s life is the active involvement of how social media shape us. Democracy has given the opportunity for people to share their thoughts, not only that, they also share their lifestyle, food, family, and even their lovers, freely without any too strict rules that curbs us.

Social media gives room for social insecurities. It draws people to a social standard of being cool and being accepted. People will try to fit into that certain social standard and avoid being different. With diverse opinion available, doesn’t mean one is able to retrieve all of them. People choose which thoughts and connects with like-minded others online. In any case, this pattern is concerned on the grounds that we realize that expanded online contact with individuals who share our same beliefs grew to become more extreme, instead of encouraging us to be adaptable. The internet has increased ideological segregation. Social media has made this social standard that gives room for people to question your value standard when it comes to one’s emotions. When your emotions or thoughts of things are not really ‘normal’ or acceptable, people will more likely question you and your values. Another thing with social media and democracy is we can only have the freedom to preach when we have adequate followers to support what they believe in – but then again, circumstances and the topic matter most. For more sensitive political-religion-cultural matters, it can only happen when the elites approve, or else, your thoughts and input won’t matter. Just the most enthusiastic, roused and frank individuals are listened — as occurred amid the EU choice battle. Furthermore, lawmakers risk making important decisions based on popular opinion during an emotional moment as opposed to what is best for the nation. In my perspective, the development of majoritarian democracy is highly affected by these things. With the undergone majoritarian democracy, it’s best to keep ourselves nourished with fresh ideas and keep on striving for new point of view; and to keep ourselves open

to possibilities, new outcomes and solutions, a proper education of decision making and freedom of joining discussion is a necessity to renew a generation that is more egalitarian and able to find a solution under many circumstances and conditions. To respond to social media, it’s important to understand every aspect we indulge in – and as an input, it’s best to keep a safe distance from it in order to keep our originality. Democracy is actually a very fun system for people to exchange ideas and find better solutions and conditions for all, but it is a really blur concept – whether it’s possible to be obtained, or it’s truly an imaginary concept that’s hard to be pursued.

Self-help

Beware of fake news! By Ridhan

Self-help

“If you don’t read the newspaper you are uninformed; if you do read the newspaper you are misinformed.” The cynical quote is often attributed to

Mark Twain. Ironically, there is hardly any evidence that the popular American humourist had ever said so throughout his life. And if we go further in the context of the current media phenomenon, it really has proven the point on its own. Growing technology is successfully breaking down the barrier between information and people. In relation to information transmission, the dawn of Internet era significantly minimised the cost of news distribution. Traditional media such as newspapers that do not adapt to the times we live in, are bound to suffer from declining readership. But at the same time, it also reshapes the core values from delivering accurate, verified information, to pushing the content out as quickly as possible, ignoring the credibility of the source. Many news outlets are eager to post stories fast and attract readers before their competitors do. Current profit-oriented journalism erodes the value of integrity and ethical practice; high ratings are now the desired result, to the exclusion of ethical and good conduct in journalism. Clickbait headlines or thumbnails are prominent in social media giants (i.e. Facebook, Twitter, Instagram), in which users normally do not take time to investigate further about the source and make it more viral by sharing in the network. There were a couple of points in the timeline of journalism history where bogus news stories outperformed legitimate news articles in terms of Facebook engagement (shares, reactions, and comments), like during the 2016 Presiden-

tial Election in the United States. This led to a major confusion and rapid public opinion shifts toward both nominees. Not only domestically, state-sponsored fake news can also serve as a propaganda tool in international stage. The common goal is to gain empathy from other state or non-state actors in certain international conflicts. It is not uncommon either to encounter false stories in the writer’s hopes to discredit some political figures abroad so that they lose local public support and legitimacy of power. These employed social media users or “trolls” can also operate in such a way, that they engineer sophisticated profile enough to make it look believable with their reasoned discussion in the comment sections of articles - most notably in YouTube. It cannot be stressed enough how important it is that we should process any sort of information critically, ousting deliberate brainwashing waged upon us. The following are tips from HiFolks to critically examine news stories.

1. Use multiple sources Expand your source for reading and be neutral while reading. Never let judgement come early as you haven’t read the whole story. Sometimes we find ourselves too comfortable reading news only from sources whose values are in line with ours. Thus, we tend to always automatically agree with their content as is and disregard other news media that do not conform our beliefs. Such confirmation bias can be kept at minimum by reading from various sources, including

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Self-help whether it is written by a credible person, or a person that existed in reality and has proven knowledge in the field area.

the one that are opposed to your core beliefs, then you can draw a common thread connecting these issues. It sure is one of the best ways to ensure you have a complete view of the whole picture. Moreover, it will come naturally to you to be able to detect when a narrative is being taken out of the context or misleadingly edited.

5. Crosscheck used illustration If the content you are reading includes a picture, you can utilise Google’s reverse image search engine and see whether the picture has ever been used on any other websites for other purposes. Alternatively, you can download the image and study its metadata to see if it was taken in accordance with the facts given in the news.

2. Identify the source traditional bias Find out which value the source you are reading traditionally leans to. Whether it is politically left, centre, right, or methodologically pro-science, conspiracy-pseudoscience, or at best, a pure satire. Not all people can handle sarcasm, much less satire. More often than not, they are specifically made for the purpose of entertainment. So, in addition, don’t get so uptight about things that don’t match your views at first glance.

3. Don’t stop at the headline Take your time to understand the news as a whole before you share it with your peers. Sensationalised headlines make good traffic; good traffic makes money. Headlines cannot be regarded as the concise summary of a report. Sometimes the actual news can be completely different to what is written in the headline, it’s just a matter of playing with words. For the sake of completeness, reading the rest is worthwhile.

In sum, media is a powerful tool to disseminate lies and worse, distorted truth. Today, in presence of web technology, it can act as an effective unconventional weapon in the era of information warfare. There have been numerous cases where the polarisation of society roots back to the misuse of technology. It is of absolute importance that we should practice our ability to reason at all the gathered pieces of information. By doing so, we protect ourselves from falsehoods and errors which may result in an outcome that favours a certain group of politically driven people. Refrain from giving your precious time and energy to wild allegations with little basis in fact. And finally, besides responsible journalism, media literacy is equally essential, for readers’ own critical ability is the first line of defence against propaganda.

4. Determine the author’s credibility Are you familiar with the name? A quick investigation in the internet can make sure

Films

Moviesmovies! By Nanda Vima Tasha A Copy of My Mind (2015) IMDB: 7.4/10

Gie (2005) IMDb: 7.7/10 The film is good enough to describe Soe Hok Gie’s life journey reaching his goal to overthrow Sukarno’s regime, not to mention giving the sweet romance novel in the journey of Gie’s love, and the changes in his life after this goal has been achieved.

Laskar Pelangi (2008) IMDb: 7.8/10

A Copy of My Mind, starring Tara Basro and Chicco Jerikho is indeed simple and full of honestly expressed satire. In this movie, we will understand the frequent purchase of pirated DVDs, which results in the worsening of the Indonesian movie industry. In addition, Joko Anwar, the director and writer of the movie, realistically explains the political problems that occured in Indonesia. Telling the love story between Sari, a woman who works in the salon, and Alek, a maker of pirated DVD subtitles. Their love story is tested when the political conditions in this country heats up ahead of presidential election. Can the marginalized people like them survive amid the heat of political intrigue?

Cin(T)a (2009) IMDb: 7.2/10

Cina and Annisa love God and God loves them both. But Cina and Annisa cannot love each other because they call God by different names. An artsy portrayal of Indonesia’s interracial and inter-religion romance controversies. The film is a unique break out from local movie ‘norms’, but surprisingly framed itself with the most common ‘realistic’ ending.

A movie set in the 1970s that tells the story of 10 students who struggles with poverty and develop hopes for the future in the island of Belitung. It shows poverty from a different angle, it doesn’t blame poverty and instead reveal the ‘secret’ that the best thing in live can’t be bought by money.

Books

Our Numbered Days Published by Button Poetry Author: Neil Hibron Rating: 4.5 Review by Lidia Kristi Agustina In 2013, Neil Hilborn’s poem “OCD went viral and he described with heart-wrenching language that was weaved throughout each of his sarcastic, melancholy, yet pragmatic poems. Hilborn also portrays the painful confines of mental illness with humor, making that which seems unbearable worth fighting through.

system. Why aren’t those who need help for a mental illness getting it? Hilborn wants readers to question his work, to use his pieces as a means of learning not only about oneself, but also about the world around us. Our Numbered Days is vast in its coverage of what it means to have a mental illness. It also contains several moments that attempt to raise readers up from their struggles. The poems live up to the collection’s title, emphasizing how even though we suffer through hardship, we can’t spend all of time suffering—our days are limited.

An integral part of “Our Numbered Days” is the struggle surrounding depression. Yes, one may be depressed and reading this poetry about being depressed, but nothing is going to change unless one does something about it. Hilborn also focuses on different -implications what it means to have a mental illness. In “Joey” he mentions his friend was unable to get help. This raises larger question about the United States’ healthcare 28

Books

Identity and Pleasure: The Politics of Indonesian Screen Culture Author: Ariel Heryanto Rating: 4.2/5 Review by Chikita Rini L.

movement of capitalism, where there was nearly zero intervention from government official. There are several issues raised in middle class related to popular culture reviewed by this book, such as Islamization process through films, 1965 propaganda also known as G30S/PKI, sentiment towards ethnic Chinese, Halyu wave, and domestic politics.

This book raises issue related to freedom and anxiety in urban areas especially the middle lower class. Ariel Heryanto illustrates how the society formulates and finds its identity through various freedoms, as well as fears. The progress of finding their identities could be seen from the representation and role of the group in screen culture, such as television, movies, and social Medias. Identitas dan Kenikmatan also shows how Indonesian government uses media as political tool and the role of films in shaping the culture. Heryanto begins with the similarity between Indonesia in reformation era and post independence, which struggled to be a modern and sovereign state. One of the reasons was because there is an absence of authority in both eras. Many groups were trying to do experiment with freedom of democracy that resulted in ethnic riots in various places in Indonesia and political instability. Aside from that, post Soeharto regime offered an extraordinary freedom of press that created the

Reading this book provides us a fairly complete picture to picture the identity of the middle class in Indonesia after the era of New Order. Nowadays, there are many groups that are influential in determining the popular culture of Indonesia, especially netizens in social media that are vocal but vulnerable. However, we have to keep in mind that the identity of middle class is not always static, it is formed through continuous dialectic and phenomenon. At this time, the development of media and technology becomes a significant factor to influence the social behavior of middle class in Indonesia.

Books Post-1965 Cultural Violence: How the New Order Legitimized Anti-Communism Through Literature and Film by Wijaya Herlambang Review by Sheila Amalina

The collapse of Indonesia’s New Order regime in 1998 was not necessarily followed by the waning of anti-communism ideology. On the contrary, anti-communism remains strong within the society until today. Wijaya Herlambang in his book utterly describes how culture, such as literature and film can be used as a media of violation that legitimized the genocide that happened in 1965. The justification of 1965-1966 violence which was conducted by the New Order government and their cultural agents through cultural products is a form of a fundamental support that creates a perspective in which communism is the nation’s ultimate enemy. Therefore, the legitimization of the violence can be seen as an act of violence itself, that should not be inseparable from the comprehension of the concept of violence.

to transform the values of moral and ideological view of the society, so that people can see the use of violence as normal or natural events. Thus, the justification for acts of violence through cultural products is also a form of violence which Galtung mentioned as “cultural violence”

The use of the word “legitimacy” in conjunction with the practice of state violence means that violence can actually be “justified” through the cultural products that serve mainly

And the legitimization continues until the universal humanist authors began to write stories under the theme of mass murder during 1965-1966 which was published by the literary

The concept of cultural violence that Galtung proposed is also to explain how a cultural ideology is used as an intellectual weapon to discredit a certain ideological perspective in favor of another ideology. In this context, a cultural ideology which commonly called universal humanism or liberalism – that often used by its supporters to counter against communism and leftist cultural practices – is powerful enough to transform the values of certain moral and ideological views in cultural The definition of violence and its practices. This ideology imposed and blasphecomplexity has been studied by many scholars mous the ideas of leftist culture by siding with and thinkers. One of them is Johan Galtung, Western ideas of liberalism and democracy. a thinker who has sought to formulate an Liberalism is used as a weapon to undermine understanding of the concept of violence in a the ideological basis of communism, including comprehensive manner. Galtung in his essay cultural practices. Which means, “democracy” “Cultural Violence” explains how cultural can only be obtained once communism is deproducts such as ideology, language, religion, molished. In terms of culture, the term “liberty” art and knowledge can be used to legitimize the is defined as a way to create a broader space for use of violence either through direct (physical) the freedom of expression. While in terms of or structural (social systems). Furthermore, economic and political context, it is intended to Galtung argues that the legitimacy of direct and promote Indonesian economic development. In indirect violence – which usually done through other words, the idea of liberalism serves as the cultural products, is also a form of violence. ideological basis to sweep communism in the (Galtung, 1990) eyes of politicians and pro-Western economists.

and anti-communist magazine Horison and Sastra. One of the stories, “War and Humanity” by Usama tells the story of the tragedy experienced by communist sympathizers during the mass slaughter. The main character (which happened to be the alter ego of the author) revealed his experience as the member of KAP-Gestapu that helped the military authority to capture any suspected communist sympathizers. He was deeply involved in the interrogation process towards people that are accused as communists at that time. His duty as an assistant intelligence forced him to face a psychological dilemma, especially when he had to interrogate people he personally knew in the past. Psychological conflict in this story is emphasized by the author to tell the readers that he was just an ordinary human who can barely witness such violence. Usama, as the main character and the author of this story, victimized himself by describing the psychological crisis that he had to endure during his job as an assistant intelligent. This psychological manipulation is obviously intended by the author to obtain the sympathy of the readers. The mass slaughter didn’t appear as the story’s main attention and was not considered as a tragedy – because the tragedy itself has already transformed into the psychological crisis of the killers. And to this extend, the mass slaughter during 19651966 can be seen as a normal thing, therefore, the violence that was experienced by the alleged communists was justified. In accordance with that, the Indonesian Army also constructed a form of legitimization for the violence campaign against the adherents of PKI by creating a historical narrative. In a short period, the Chief of Military History Nugroho Notosusanto has succeeded to write a treatise about 1965 event that accused PKI as the sole mastermind behind the coup attempt. With the help of Guy Pauker, an analyst from RAND Corporation that was funded by CIA, Notosusanto together with Military Prosecutor,

Ismail Saleh, worked in RAND Corporation to write a narrative about 1965 event with a more comprehensive and convincing version that PKI is the culprit. This just made the involvement of CIA in helping the Indonesian military more evident to corner the communists and legitimize the rise of military regime under General Suharto. Notosusanto’s narrative was then intensified through various cultural products such as museums, monuments, dioramas, film and literature. The most prominent and the most unforgettable was, certainly, the film Treachery of G30S/PKI, a collaboration of Nugroho Notosusanto (script writer), G. Dwipayana (Seoharto’s personal assistant) and Arifin C. Noer (director). In 1986, the film was adapted by Arswendo Atmowiloto into a novel with the under the same title and content. Both of these cultural products are among the very vulgar cultural products in legitimizing the 1965-1966 massacres. In the late 1980s, anti-communism has solidly formed and its values were used as an instrument to suppress the critical elements in Indonesian society. However, the emergence of cultural resistance on the legacy of the New Order regime like today happened to be a nuisance for the anti-communism campaign. The real impact of these works and activities are still to be examined further. For that reason alone, studies and research on anti-communism – as well as the production of culture and literature that nudge the history of violence in the New Order period, especially 1965-1966, still needed to unload the fact that New Order has created a wound that cannot be eliminated from the history of modern Indonesia.

Arts

Tempo Doeloe

“Tempo Doeloe” Media: Charcoal and pencil Size: A3 By Bernadetta Quinta

Arts

“It’s all a dream” Media: Digital By Anjanette Ondang

INR 2016 Trip to IDX

The ALSA E

On 17th May 2017, INR 2nd semester students went to IDX to attend ‘Yuk Nabung Saham’. This was part of our Principle of Economics 2 class. This was initiated by our POE lecturer, Mba Fitri. The first session of the program was some basic introduction about the whole programme, the importance of investing by the company. We were taught by Kresna Securities how to invest properly. This outing was a first-hand experience of what we have previously learned in class applied to daily lives. During the program, we were taught the importance of investing, the basics of investing and even made our own investment account. From the program, we were all intrigued and excited about the future of investments. (By Anjanette Ondang)

Each year Universitas Indonesia holds the oldest and most prestigious national English competition: the ALSA E. Sheila Nur Amalina from International Relations did very well in her first public competition appearance. She finished third in the presentation part of the competition, but won first place for the paper itself. (By Jessica Natalie)

INR trip to @america On 5th April 2017, twelve of our International Relations students visited @america at Pacfic Place to attend a discussion themed ‘Students Against Corruption’. The panellists were Ms. Dian Rachmawati from KPK, Mr. Agus from Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW), Ms. Lia Toriana also the moderator from Transparency International Indonesia (TII) and Mr. Iqbal a news anchor from Metro TV. One of our students, Jessica Natalie from INR 2015, got the chance to ask questions directly to experts about the expansion of KPK offices. Events such as this does open up chances for university students to mingle and directly ask questions to experts. (By Anjanette Ondang)

Open House! On 20 May 2017, IULI held an Open House in its main campus, Green Office Park 6, BSD City. In the Open House, IULI delivered a message to prospective students about choosing the right major in the right campus. The quality of a university will automatically influence the student’s skill development and achievement so that, after they graduate, they can compete globally. International Relations as one of the departments in IULI took a role in making and shaping the Open House as an innovative and interesting way to gather new students for the upcoming batch. (By Sheila Amalina)

PSNMHII XXIX

LOKAKARYA

PSNMHII is an annual event held by FKMHII for all international relations student in Indonesia. PSNMHII XXIX are held from 7-11 May 2017 in University of Jendral Achmad Yani in Cimahi. The theme for PSNMHII XXIX are “The Discourse of Indonesia’s Matter: Smart Power, Possible or Mission Impossible?”. And there three chamber in this event, Sidang Forum, Video Competition, and Paper Presentation. HIMAHI IULI were able to sent 6 delegates for this event, which are Faiq Faishal, Filemon Richard, Ivander Tan, Kevin Garcia, Victoria Advenita, and Yohanes Paulus. All the delegates were able to compete with the other universities in all chambers, as were shown in Video Competition that delegates from HIMAHI IULI managed to take the 4th position. (By Faiq Faishal)

On 14 May 2017, members of the International Relations (INR) Department at IULI had their inaugural plenum (lokakarya) on 12–14 May 2017 at the IULI Guest House in Ciater, Serpong. The purpose of this event was to create an official forum for all members of INR civitas to have all-encompassing discussions related to matters that concern the whole department. The items on the agenda included departmental accreditation, ideas for promotional activities, plans for welcoming the new INR student body, student and lecturer aspirations for the ideal collegial relationships, and annual programs for the INR Student Association (HIMAHI). (By Sheila Amalina)

STARS Jessica Natalie, a student from International Relations represented IULI in the Stein am Rhein (stars) Indonesia Study Tour 2017. In order to enhance a better understanding of Indonesia, both its opportunities and challenges, stars held a study tour in Indonesia for the very first time. stars is a neutral, independent, not-for-profit organization registered in Switzerland. It aims to develop a better generation of leaders and to be the first platform for these future leaders by preparing them for their future global leadership roles. IULI, as one of stars’partners participated in the event as participants and also as the VIP guides that assisted the international guests and also accompanied them sightseeing in the beautiful city of Jakarta. (By Jessica Natalie)

Quiz

TRIVIA! TRIVIA! TRIVIA! Across 1. Indonesian Railroad Service. 3. The location of Krakatoa. 6. The boundary between the range of Asian species and the range of Australian species. 7. An island were remains of a possible diminutive human species, nicknamed hobbits, found. 9. Portuguese-speaking country that gained its independence from Indonesia. 10. The Equatorial City. Down 2. Indonesiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s First Minister of Foreign Affairs. 4. People originated from North Celebes. 5. (ENG) National Motto of Indonesia. 8. Worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest lake on an island that is located in Indonesia. 11. The name of Airport in Solo.

DEMOGRAPHICS OF INDONESIA

POPULATION PYRAMID 75+ 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 50-54

45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29

64%

237.6M

20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4

28% EMPLOYMENT STATUS

Freelancers

Entrepreneurs

Employees

Casual Employees

Family/Unpaid Workers

As of 2017, Indonesia is ranked the 4th most populous country in the world. A stark population growth has taken place in the last few years and with the current population growth rate, Indonesia will be in a favourable condition called “demographic bonus” or “demographic dividend.” It refers to the accelerated economic growth and family welfare that begins with changes in the age structure of the country’s population. This demographic dividend is projected to be at its peak in 2035, where the Government needs to ensure, through supporting and effective policies, that the window of opportunity is not going to be missed. Source: Central Bureau of Statistics, 2010. The working age population is deﬁned as those aged 15 to 59.