AP PSYCHOLOGY CLASS SCRAPBOOK Making Waves Academy, 2020-2021
1
Dear students, At the beginning of the 2020-2021 school year, you probably didn’t know what to expect from AP Psychology. The pandemic and distance learning had us all feeling scared and uncertain.
But you took on a new challenge. We began the year by learning about human social interactions, and started learning about the foundations of psychology--its perspectives, research methods, career pathways, and more.
You learned about how the brain works, how scientists study the brain and behavior, and what this tells us about our sensations, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, actions, and interactions. You learned about what motivates people, how they develop, what causes disorders, and how they are treated.
As you finish this year, I hope you begin to see psychology all around you. This scrapbook contains memories from your classmates, and I hope you are intrigued to see what everyone else found to be impactful. Enjoy, and go forth and use your new ways of thinking about the mind, brain, and behavior to improve your life and the world! Dr. Hillenbrand
2
Table of contents (Authors alphabetical by last name)
Contents Title page Letter from Dr. Hillenbrand Authors by page number
Page number(s) 1 2 3
Imuntinyan Aigbuza Marcela Ariza-Corral Ronald Castillo Marleni Cepeda Lesly Cordero Michelle Gamez Eliana Gonzalez Christopher Gonzalez-Ordoñez Jenny Huang Alexis Ledesma Vanessa Lopez Jessie Lorenzo Eduardo Martinez Michelle Martinez Julieana Melendez Stephanie Ordoñez-Hernandez Denise Ortega Adaley Perez Leymara Perez Isabel Reyes Eduardo Romo-Hernandez Stephany Serrano Victor Vera Jacquelyn Zepeda
5 6-7 8-9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24-25 26 27 28 29 30 31
3
4
IMUNTINYAN’S AP PSYCH SUPERLATIVES MOST LIKELY TO MAKE YOU PULL YOUR HAIR OUT The winner for this category is. . . . . Motivation, Emotion, and Personality!! This is very vigours concepts mashed up together and takes a lot studying to truly get it
MOST INTERESTING The winner for this category is. . . . . social psychology. This is the winner because it was interesting to see why we act the way we do socially with other people
MOST Likely to be mistaken as twins
MOST Helpful to life
The winner for this category is. . . . . random assignment and random sample!! just for clarification random assignment assigns people into groups, while random sampling chooses people for the study.
The winner for this category is. . . . . . clinical psychology!!! This won most helpful to life because it talks about mental health issues and it informs you on those issues
6
7
8
9
10
11
Michelle’s AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW Concept 1 (Set Point) It is the body’s weight thermostat. It wants to maintain the individuals stable weight. A impact this concept has had on my life is knowing what my weight falls on. I know what is regular and what underweight is because of the signs that may appear.
IMAGE GOES HERE Concept 3 (Social anxiety) An example of this term is a individual not wanting to go to a party because they get anxious thinking about interacting with others. I learned what others have to deal with and became more opened minded of people not wanting to communicate with others.
Concept 2 (Spotlight Effect) It's when you overthink a situation. You make it seem worse than what it really is. This has made me realize that I do this a lot. I need to be optimistic when something like this happens.
IMAGE GOES HERE Concept 4 (Binge Eating Disorder) Someone not being able to control themselves from eating. They continue to eat every little piece of food that might be in sight. This has impacted my life because I have met someone with this disorder. Now I have a clear understanding what they have been through.
Summery My experience of this year was wild. Never in my life I had to do online school. This impacted my mental health tremendously. I learned a lot about the mind and why I feel a certain way. Also what it might be caused by.
12
ELIANA’S AP PSYCH SUPERLATIVES
MOST LIKELY TO BE FAMOUS
Sigmund Freud
MOST INFLUENTIAL DEBATE
Nature vs
Nurture He was often referred to as the father of clinical psychology.
MOST INTERESTING UNIT
Unit 12/13
(Disorder & Treatments) The most interesting parts of this unit was learning how DSM-5 works and way the way that disorders are categorized.
This debate is about whether human behavior is affected by the environment (nature) or by someone genes (nurture).
MOST UNETHICAL EXPERIMENT
Stanford Prison Experiment
This experiment was considered the most unethical for the lack of informed consent, debriefing, and harm to participants. 13
CHRIS’S AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW intrinsic motivation
Positive reinforcement
Intrinsic motivation is when you do something because you want to rather than someone convincing you to do it
Positive reinforcement is when you give something to reinforce the behavior you want in the thing you are teaching
Intrinsic motivation has been a part of my life whenever i want to do something someone doesn't tell me to do
I used positive reinforcement on my dog to train him to sit
kinesthetic sense Withdrawal The side effects that come with quitting a drug My dad gets withdrawal after not drinking coffee for a while
The kinesthetic sense is when you can tell the position of your body parts without relying on your other senses. I use the kinesthetic sense whenever i walk in the dark.
14
15
ALEXIS’S AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW Bystander Effect:
Stress:
The bystander effect is the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other witnesses are present.
Stress is the process by which we perceive and respond to stressors that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
Today, we see the bystander effect taking over our cities, especially in low-income communities where there is a lot of homelessness. When a homeless approaches an individual, it might cause anxiety. However, people should help those in need to decrease poverty rates. Most individuals ignore homeless people because they believe that others will help them find a solution to their problems. Unfortunately, homeless people get the help they need very rarely. This problem does not only impact my community but the economy.
During quarantine, people around the country are getting stressed, whether it's because they might have lost their job or are having a hard time keeping up with their grades. No matter the circumstances, people should lower their levels of stress. It can hugely impact their health, causing a severe state of depression. I used to be a person who would get stressed regularly, but now I use techniques to cope, such as exercising at night.
Alzheimer’s: Alzheimer's disease is a brain disease that slowly impairs memory and thinking skills.
Depressants: Depressants are drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions, such as alcohol. Depressants are used everywhere in our communities. Some people use it to relieve stress, while others use it to forget about the problems occurring in their lives. I believe that depressants are impacting our society. They are affecting the mental health of individuals. I personally know some people who were addicted to alcohol and are now homeless people living on the streets. People should be cautious when they take a depressant.
Alzheimer's has impacted some people in my family. It's sorrowful seeing someone going from good mental health to the need of belonging in a nursing home. I know other people in my community suffer from Alzheimer's and strive every day to reach their goals. No one is incapable of doing something they love. It might just take time.
16
YOU’RE WRONG ABOUT YOUR BRAIN Humans only use 10 percent of their brain. Despite what the movies and shows might say, without operating at 100%, we would be dead. FACT: Using fMRIs, which monitor brain activity, we can see that most of the brain is in use even during mundane activities, even during sleep. We have observed neurons firing along their synapses, the connection points between them, at all times. Particularly during REM, or rapid eye movement, part of the sleep cycle.
FACT: The human brain is 3% of the body’s weight, yet uses 20% or the body’s energy. That should give scale to the amount of activity truly going on in the brain. Imagine how much mental coordination it actually takes just to flex one's hand, and send action potentials down afferent neurons to pull and stretch on skeletal muscles.
FACT: If we only use 10% of our brains, a small circle would light up on PET scans while the rest would stay entirely dark. This would be hard for us, especially if the energy is not dedicated to life-sustaining brain structures like the medulla (heartbeat, breathing), pons (breathing, movement), and reticular formation (consciousness) of the reptile brain.
In conclusion, we use nearly 100% of our brains during the day, without which it would be much more difficult to move, breath, and still process information at the same time. Levels of activity may flux, especially during different states of consciousness, but nonetheless we are more than capable of using it all.
17
Jessie’S AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW
ning .) o i t i ond itioning C l a sic n cond h s a l C ia whic , v n o i l s ss (Pav oce stimulu r p ning neutral ith a o i t i a w d con iginally airing y elicits p r ll an o peated norma licit a e t e by r lus tha mes to cal u i o stim nse, c n ident ian o v e resp ar or ev a Pavlo l k simi nse; a o . resp itioning d con
Cogn
itive Beha viora Trea l The tmen rapy t invo com : bina lving t i o theo the n ba ries s e d o on th o f e the learning n the or th ough ory that o and base t d porti u on o s control r cognit i f our o a n beha large viors .
Con
scio
Assim ilation
usne
ss a pe r expe son's su mind rience o bjective f the . worl d an
the pr oc and e ess by whic xp h and in eriences ar new ideas e co menta rporated in absorbed to ls behav tructures a existing nd iors.
d th
n ca as h hic such M w es lled ive i t r a a mo rec lar c e y De o m ousl ts. t n ers nsci eve f e r co and e b ts fac
e
ory m e
18
Eduardo Mtz AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW Unit 1-2 Perspectives An example of perspective is the way we look at things. It's something that can help us understand and make our choices in life.
An impact that this unit had on me was that it helped open more perspectives to look at life. Especially since because it's about psychological perspectives.
Unit 8-10 Motivation
Unit 6 Module 26 Conditioning is when you train or accustomed someone to behave in a certain way to accept certain circumstances. I thank Psychology a lot for teaching me about conditioning. It really opened my eyes to more perspectives about the worlds wrongs
Disorders and Treatments (U12-13)
An example from Modules 37-40 is Stress. We face it, we know it well, because at some point in our lives, we faced it.
There are many disorders out there in the world. Each one with it's own effects it can have on someone.
The impact learning about it is that I knew stress was something not so good. After learning about it, I realized it could really cause a lot of bad things not only to the mind, by the body.
After learning more about disorders, I realized something I didn't before. Before I would try my best to stay away from people who had disorders. But learning about it, made me realize that they are still human, still flesh and bone like me, so why should I treat them any different?
19
Michelle Martinez’S Ap Psychology Year In Review : Homeostasis
Unit 8, Modules 37-40
Random assignment
Unit 2,Modules 4-8
Where one had to maintain a balance in their bodies in a consistent state with the regulation of the body and its chemistry like glucose, blood, with particular levels.
Is when people are assigned into two types of different groups like an experimental and a control group and because its a random it minimizes the preexisting differences between the two groups
I would say it had a small impact in my life because I now know that we all should have a perfect balance of blood and glucose i know our bodies cause it can affect us in the future and I now take a bit better of my health.
I would say this didn’t have as much of an impact in my life but it did help me better understand how two different groups that are formed can have different results when each person is different in there own way. That person can change the results for something very important.
schizophrenia spectrum Unit 12, Modules 67.2 - 69
It's a disorder that has the characteristics of delusion, hallucination, inappropriate behaviors and emotions,lastly disorganization of one's speech.
Habituation
Unit 6, Module 26
How an organism decreases its response to stimulus with the repeated amount of exposure to it.
This year I learned that schizophrenia is not an easy disorder to deal with. I say this because recently a family member of mine began to have symptoms of schizophrenia and my family take turns in taking care of that family member.
This concept has had a change in my life because it true that after always repeating the same thing and always being exposed to them we will get used to the things we normally do and start to do them a bit slower because I know and everyone else knows that it will stay the same and not change
Summary: Throughout the year I learned how our bodily functions work together without brain. I learned how our brain can store memories that we might need one day, how the brain sends signals to different parts of our bodies to make them. I learned the structure of the eyes and ears and how they all have one source that connects to the brain to send singles of what we are listening or viewing. I found it interesting that our brain is responsible for things like think, talk, feel, see, hear, memories, and our breathing. I learned about a bunch of new disorders, and diseases. Learned about stress and illnesses, social developments, psychological and mood disorders and many more. All these illnesses and disorders all ended up leading to one part of our body and that was the brain and different parts of the brains that controlled different parts of us like our muscles, language, moods, etc.
20
JULIEANA’S AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW PTSD: is when a person goes through a traumatic event and is not able to get over it. People may get triggered with any little thing that takes them back to this traumatic event. Impact on my life: I struggled a lot throughout my life and now I understand why I get so upset (even with little things). I ever realized I struggled with PTSD until I learned and comprehended this concept.
Mary Ainsworth the Strange Situation Experiment : a mother-infant experiment where the child was observed. The first 6 months were spent with the mom and Mary saw wondered how the baby would react when but in an environment without the mom. (at 1 year old). Impact on my life: I wondered how the relationship of a mother and child can affect the child's mental health. The experiment taught me that a baby may be very attached to the mother and can feel insecure without the mom.
Misinformation Effect Example: You are a witness of a car crash, you don’t know how to react.. You tell the police that you saw a red car crash but in reality, it was a blue car. In that moment, your mind was misleading you with information.
Insomnia this is an issue where a person struggles either falling asleep or staying sleep. It’s a problem that people struggle with (especially if their stress level is high). Impact on my life: My mom has a hard time falling asleep and now I realized that she may be very stressed so I learn to help her in any way I can. MY Mental health: ROLLERCOASTER to the max. This year really challenged me to learn about myself and how to cope mentally on my own. Learned in class: Some problems can not be seen but that doesn’t mean that they don’t exist. SOmething else I learned was to have a more open mindset.
21
Stephanie’s AP Psychology Year In Review The Placebo Effect Example : In the control group of an experiment instead of getting the tested drug, you get the placebo which would be something known as a sugar pill. This concept had an impact in my life because it showed me how powerful our mind can be.
Door-In-The-Face Phenomenon Example : Rob : “Hey can I borrow 100$?” Jessica : “No.” Rob : “Can I borrow 30$?” Jessica : “Fine.” This concept had an impact on my life because it helps me strategize the way I ask for things.
Self-Serving Bias Result
Classical Conditioning Neutral stimulus, unconditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and conditioned stimulus are all parts of the classical conditioning procedure. This concept had an impact on my life because it showed me how you’re able to train something like a dog using simple things like food, bells, and a bowl.
GOOD TAKE CREDIT
BAD BLAME OTHERS
This concept had an impact on my life because it taught me that we tend to have a bias towards only looking at our accomplishments instead of also looking at our flaws. 22
23
24
25
26
Bucky Barnes CONTROL PANEL Defense Mechanis m
Due to Bucky’s past with being the winter soldier he has issues with guilt about actions he could not control. It would be beneficial for him to use sublimation if needed to deal with the effects of past. He would do this by saving people and stopping criminals along with his friend Sam. This would be the healthiest way for him to satisfy his impulsion of guilting himself for everything and believing that he doesn’t deserve another chance despite him being forced to do the actions he did.
Personalit y trait from Big Five
Coping Mechanis m
Social Influence
A coping mechanism that would benefit bucky would be problem-focusing coping because it would alleviate stress from the direct source. He could do this by providing closure to families who lost people to the Winter soldier(himself) Instead of always trying to amend by finding those were in charge and associated with the killings of those people.
A good social influence for Bucy would be peer pressure from his friends to stop blaming himself and instead to acknowledge that A trait from the Big Five personality traits Bucky already he has another opportunity. tends to score high in is neuroticism because of his past It might be hard to get the experiences with being forced to be the winter soldier. Inorder for Bucky to live a happy life and mentally healthy life idea to him but persistent pressure and actually he will need to be more agreeable in order to trust people and allow them to actually help him. All this time after being talking to him should end up less guilt tripping himself for released from the winter soldier he has been scared of trusting anyone and refusing to get help to acknowledge all something that he had no control over. that he has gone through. He would the trait of 27 Agreeableness to help him communicate with the people who could help him and start building relationships again.
EDUARDO’S AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW Behavioral Behavior is connected to psychology in a lot because it can explain a lot of things people do. This concept has had an impact on my life because it helps me understand more about psychology.
Motivation, Emotion, stress, and personality Emotion and stress are connected to psychology because they help identify disorders. Learning about this helped me know why people have mood swings and sometime sare really happy and sad.
Sensation and perception Sensation and perception are connected to psychology because they are used to identify things This concept has had an impact on my life because this is how we understand senses.
Learning
Cognition Cognition is a mental process of learning and understanding. This concept has had an impact in my life because this is always used when in school because we are learning.
Learning is the the acquirement of new skills and knowledge. The impact this has had in my life is big because without being able to learn i would not be able to remember or do anything.
28
29
VICTOR’S AP PSYCHOLOGY YEAR IN REVIEW PTSD When a traumatic event that the person has a hard time getting over it but it causes vivid dreams or triggers when they are awake, A impact to life is having ptsd can have many different levels of severity and the worse might keep you inside your room for hours at a time.
Foot in the door phenomenon Where a co worker can ask another peer to throw their trash. Keeps asking for small faces but then asks them to do their work and they will say yes. An impact is it is very manipulative to people who are experiencing it.
Group Think When a group comes to an easy decision due to majority rules. Ex: Bob wanted to pick 1 but he’s peers all picked 2 so he changes his answer because of social pressure. Social pressure is a big deal to me since I want to start sticking to my gut. AP Psych Experience I’d say it went very well. I had fun and was very challenged. This was definitely one of my most difficult classes.
Hallucinations When a person starts seeing things or thinks something is real. This can lead to the client thinking they have schizophrenia or the doctor testing them for it. Hallucinations can be scary. For me most of the time it is a figment of your imagination.
JACQUELYN’S AP PSYCH SUPERLATIVES MOST LIKELY TO [motivate students] Extrinsic motivation was chosen for this category because it motivates me to get good grades. Extrinsic motivation is basically an external incentive (like money) motivating you to do something. An example of extrinsic motivation is having the incentive to study for a test because your parents will pay your if you get(internal locus of control is also good for productivity) an A on it. Intrinsic motivation was a close second to extrinsic.
MOST [ controversial ] Is psychology nurture or nature based?This was chosen for most controversial because although it’s agreed psychology is both nurture and nature its controversial whether psychology is more nurture or nature based. For example many would agree concepts like bipolar disorders and type A personalities, are more nature based but many would also say self efficacy and agoraphobia are more nurture based.
MOST [surprising ]
Bobo doll experiment wins most surprising for showing how scary kids who still have egocentrism can be. In the experiment an adult would beat down a big balloon clown as kids watched showing kids preconventiona morality. Those kids would then do th same as the adult and beat down the doll. Whether the kids would beat the doll was affected by gender identities/roles and parenting styles surprisingly MOST LIKELY TO [ be fired for unethical studies ] John b watson is chosen for this because of his unethical study that traumatized 9 month baby. John b watson used operant conditioning to connect a fearful unconditioned response to a neutral stimulus(a white bunny). Desensitization did not exist at the time so John left the kid traumatized.
31
32
