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Dr. Bienvenu AGBOKPONTO SOGLO Gov’t Affairs Director, West and Central Africa
Perspectives on the Utilization of IMT Spectrum in the UHF band in Africa Session 5: Key issues for the Development of Mobile Broadband in Africa 3rd ATU Digital Migration and Spectrum Policy Summit, 27-29 May 2014, Nairobi, Kenya
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ICT Facts and Figures
Utilization of IMT Spectrum in the UHF Band in Africa
Conclusion and Recommendations
Agenda 3
Mobile is the largest technology platform in the world
~6.7 Billion connections, almost as many as people on Earth1
~8 Billion smartphones to be shipped 2014-20182
Evolving into Internet of Everything: cars, meters, health-devices, etc.
1 Ericsson,
Ericsson Mobility Report: On the Pulse of the Networked Society (2013), 2 Gartner, Mar’14
New form factors; tablet/laptop variants, wearables, etc.
More prevalent than electricity or running water in some regions
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Mobile broadband Penetration The number of mobile-broadband subscriptions will reach 2.3 billion globally by the end of 2014*
90% Mobile cellular penetration in Developing Countries¹
32% Internet penetration in Developing Countries ¹
> 80% broadband is expected to be mobile by 2016 ²
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ITU, “The World in 2014: ICT Facts and Figures,” ; * Estimate; ² The state of Broadband: Universalizing Broadband (A report by the Broadband Commission, Sept. 2013)
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Consideration for Developing Countries Servicing urban, rural and remote A number of Mobile Broadband systems and applications, based on different standards, are available and the suitability of each depends on usage (fixed vs. nomadic/mobile), performance and geographic requirements, among others In countries where wired infrastructure is not well established e.g. developing countries, Mobile Broadband systems can be more easily deployed to deliver services to population bases in dense urban environments as well as those in more remote areas The 2013 Annual Broadband Commission Report contains a list of special requirements/barriers faced by developing countries and offers examples of strategies to overcome such barriers: Barrier/obstacle
Examples of strategies to overcome the barriers
Lack of infrastructure/ high costs of deployment
• National broadband plan, including roll- out of a mutualized national backbone, as well as in-building infrastructure • Grants to operators to build out infrastructure, • Sharing of infrastructure and works
Limitations in amount of spectrum available
• Streamline spectrum licensing and re-farming practices, • Implementation of the digital switch-over, • More effective policies for spectrum allocation/assignment
The low levels of ICT skills of some of the population
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• ICT training, • Connecting up educational establishments, • ICT lessons in schools and universities, and ICT equipment furnished at low or no cost
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2 Utilization of IMT Spectrum in the UHF band in Africa
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Harmonization of Channelling Arrangements in the UHF Band Channelling Arrangement for the 2nd Digital Dividend 694 – 790 MHz in Region 1 700 MHz
748 MHz
800 MHz
758 MHz 791 MHz
694 MHz Channelling Arrangement for the 2nd Digital Dividend 694 – 790 MHz in Region 1: 5 Options ? Band 28 Downlink Band 28 Uplink 690
700 710 703 MHz
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
821 MHz Band 20 Downlink
790
800 810 803 MHz
900 MHz
800 MHz 821 824
791 MHz
832
849
862
869
Band 20 Uplink
Band 20 Downlink 800
810
820
900 MHz
880 MHz
830
915
840
890
900
850
Band 8 Uplink 860
925
870
880
890
900 MHz
960 MHz Band 8 Downlink
Band 8 Uplink 880
894 MHz CDMA2000 Downlink
CDMA2000 Uplink
790
820
910
920
930
940
950
960 MHz 8
Harmonization of Channelling Arrangements for band 694-790MHz OOBE Limit required for User Equipment Operating at the 694 Boundary APT 700 Band Plan (3GPP Band 28): Used for LTE networks - Total Bandwidth: 45 + 45 MHz − Uplink (UE to eNode-B) : 703 MHz to 748 MHz ; Downlink (eNode-B to UE) : 758 MHz to 803 MHz 690
A5
700
5 MHz
698 MHz
710
720
730
740
750
760
770
780
10 MHz
Duplexer1 UL
800
3 MHz
Duplexer1 DL 45 MHz
790
45 MHz
806 MHz
M.1036-04-Ann2
APT 700 MHz band plan is gaining momentum in Asia and Latin America African countries are considering harmonizing the 2nd Digital dividend channelling Plan with full/partial APT 700 (3GPP Band 28) Band Plan − −
Operators and consumers to take advantage of the large economies of scale Benefit from low cost coverage, and affordable devices
Additional work needs to be done to ensure that regulatory and technical conditions are harmonized with the 3GPP Band 28 and captured in the CPM texts being developed by JTG − −
Similar User Equipment OOBE requirement should be adopted for the 700 MHz in Region 1 Last JTG meeting is in July 2014
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Coexistence issues between different IMT systems in the UHF Band CDMA850/LTE800 and CDMA850/UMTS900 (GSM) Interference Issues
900 MHz
800 MHz 821 824
791 MHz
832
849
862
869 CDMA2000 Downlink
CDMA2000 Uplink
Band 20 Uplink
Band 20 Downlink 790
800
810
894 MHz
820
830
840
850
Band 8 Uplink 860
870
880
890
900 MHz
Interference zones
Co-existence studies between CDMA850 and LTE 800 is being handled at the ITU-R WP 5D Three potential interference zones between LTE 800 and CDMA 850 MHz bands − − −
Interference issues near 821-824 MHz boundary between LTE 800 MHz band downlink and CDMA 850 MHz band uplink Interference issues near 832/844 MHz boundary between CDMA 850 MHz band uplink and LTE 800 MHz band uplink Interference issues near 862-869 MHz boundary between LTE 800 MHz band uplink and CDMA 850 MHz band downlink
There are existing reports on the CDMA850 and GSM/UMTS900 interference issues − −
CDMA BTS Tx may affect GSM BTS/UMTS Node-B Rx GSM MS/ UMTS UE Tx may affect CDMA MS Rx 10
3 Conclusion and Recommendations
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Conclusion and Recommendations With new digital dividend bands (3GPP Band 20 & Band 28), many African countries are going to have a combination of technologies due to the presence of CDMA in the 850 MHz band, and GSM/UMTS in the 900 MHz band − This provides an opportunity to optimize the existing networks, while allowing evolution/introduction to/of LTE in the UHF Band ( 694-862MHz) − Co-existence studies of IMT Systems in the UHF band is being handled at the ITU-R WP 5D − African countries could consider a stakeholder consultation on the coexistence/interference issues between LTE & CDMA operators around 800 MHz in order to provide guidelines on interference mitigation as well as look at the regulatory aspect of this coexistence issue
Harmonization of channelling arrangements in the UHF band − WP 5D is examining the channelling plan for the 700MHz band − −
Various channelling arrangements are under consideration within WP 5D (5D/TEMP/343Rev1) APT 700 MHz (3GPP Band 28) Band plan adoption is gaining momentum in Asia and Latin America
− To achieve harmonization with 3GPP Band 28, additional work needs to be done to ensure that regulatory and technical conditions are harmonized (e.g. UE OOBE limit) and captured in the CPM texts being developed by JTG
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