Wood Handbook by Himani Leekha & Kirti Agarwal

WOOD HANDBOOK Wood as an Interior Material

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

लकड़ी

S Y N OP SI S WELCOME TO THE WOOD HANDBOOK ISSUE 1

By Himani Leekha & Kirti Agarwal

A tree without roots is just a piece of wood.

-Marco Pierre White

2

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

WOOD- VERSATILE MATERIAL Wood, the principal strengthening and nutrientconducting tissue of trees and other plants and one of the most abundant and versatile natural materials.

Produced by many botanical species, including both gymnosperms and angiosperms, wood is available in various colors and grain patterns. It is strong in relation to its weight, is insulating to heat and electricity, and has desirable acoustic properties. Furthermore, it imparts a feeling of “warmth” not possessed by competing materials such as metals or stone, and it is relatively easily worked. As a material, wood has been in service since humans appeared on Earth. Today, in spite of technological advancement and competition from metals, plastics, cement, and other materials, wood maintains a place in most of its traditional roles, and its serviceability is expanding through new uses.

WOOD CATEGORIES Wood-producing forest trees and other woody plants are of two categories: gymnosperms and angiosperms.

Gymnosperms, or cone-bearing trees, produce softwoods, such as pine and spruce, and angiosperms produce temperate and tropical hardwoods, such as oak, beech, teak, and balsa. It should be noted that the distinction implied by hardwood and softwood is not true in all cases. Some hardwoods—e.g., balsa—are softer than some softwoods—e.g., yew.

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

3

WOOD- INTERIOR MATERIAL Wood is used in interiors as a surface material for walls, ceilings, and floors, furniture, stairs, windows, and doors, in features and decorations, etc.

The use of wood extends from small private facilities to large public social and official premises. The different colors and structures of types of wood and the different interior products made of wood such as panels, veneers, plywood, and glued laminated boards enable the use of wood in countless different ways.

The use of wood is also attractive because of its ease of use. Wood products are handy in terms of their size and light to transport, simple to put up and no special expertise or tools are needed to work with them. Ready surface-treated products and complete interior systems make the use of wood easier than ever. If desired, wood can be carved, milled, or lathed into very intricate interior elements.

WOOD- MANUFACTURED BOARDS Plywood- Made by gluing layers of thin sheet wood together.

Bases of drawers or boxes. Backs of cabinets and wardrobes etc.

MDF- Very strong and doesn’t warp. Made from gluing and tightly compressing excess sawdust together.Furniture and toys.

Blockboard-Very strong and rigid and doesn't warp. Very heavy. Made from gluing strips/blocks of wood together.Quality furniture, stage flooring, and fire doors.

HighChipboard-Heavy warps easily and needs a good finish.

Made by gluing and tightly compressing wood chips together.Kitchen cabinets and worktops, roofing boards.LowHardboardNot very strong warps easily and needs a good finish. Made similar to plywood.Door panels, drawer bottoms and cabinet backs.

4

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

S Y N OP SI S

Wood is universally beautiful to man. It is the most humanly intimate of all materials.

-Frank Lloyd Wright

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

5

S C O P E OF STUDY

6

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

We are proud to present this edition of wood handbook-wood used in interior spaces, prepared and updated to include fascinating new developments in the use of wood utilization.

This handbook is intended to serve as a primary reference on the use of wood in various applications-from general construction to its use in decorative purposes.

The information that resulted from many of the scientific researches and experiments on wood, sellers from companies are the primary source of the information. Existing interior designers and architects, content makers are the other sources.

Continuing research holds promise for wider and more efficient utilization of the material in an increasing number of applications

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

7

The study has potential limitations.

L I MI TATI ON S

8

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

Wood is a plant part having multipurpose uses that are impossible to deny and difficult to note all in our daily life. From ancient times wood is used by humans and this continuation still remains in modern civilization.

It is used for Construction and Fencing, Utensils, Hand Tools, Art Industry, Sports Equipment, Commercial Uses, Interior & exterior spaces.

Please note the book study is limited to only the interior aspect of wood material and the whole study serves the purpose for the same.

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

9

T AB L E OF CON T EN T S

12 INTRODUCTION - HISTORY & EVOLUTION

26 MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND DETAILS

32 MATERIAL ITERATIONS

37 VENDORS & USP

MATERIAL APPLICATION

10

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

11

Introduction

History

Evolution

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

13

Introduction Wood has been used and adapted by humans since the earliest recognition that they could make use of the materials they found around them. As they used it to meet the varying array of human needs, in peace and in war, in farming and in industry, people gradually came to understand something of the unique nature of wood. Its properties were first understood by experience, more recently by systematic research and refined observation. Wood is still essential to human life but has evolved over the ages from a simple, readily available natural material to a modern industrial and engineering material, with a unique ability to contribute to human life both as a material for use and as a key element in the natural world of the forest.

History The tree and its wood have played a prominent role in human life throughout history. Wood has been one of our most important building materials from early Paleolithic times, both for building and for the manufacture of tools, weapons, and furniture. From the earliest times, the use of wood involved consideration of quality, cost, and availability, as well as the intended use of the product.

14

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

Short Timeline Ancient Egyptians (3100 B.C.)

Ancient Chinese

Ancient Japan

Near East

Romans

Middle Ages

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

15

16

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

From the tenth to the eighteenth centuries in Europe, wood was the material primarily used for buildings, tools, machines, mills, carts, buckets, shoes, furniture, and barrels, to name just a few of the thousands of kinds of wood products of the time

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

17

18

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

19

TIMBER IS GENERAL NAME FOR WOOD MATERIALS

T Y P E S OF W O O D U SED I N I N TER I OR S

HARDWOOD

SOFTWOOD

MANUFACTURED BOARD

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

21

HARDWOOD The term hardwood does not mean that the timber is hard. For example balsa is used for modelling, it is a hard wood but it is one of the softest timbers to work with Hardwood Mahogany – reddish in colour alwaysMahogany – reddish in colour, always looks good when varnished or waxed. Beech – creamy pinkish colour, its close grain makes it very suitable forg y kitchen utensils, as water does not have too great an effect on it.

22

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

SOFTWOOD Softwood trees grow much quicker than the hardwood ones, they are therefore cheaper to buy and far more available Softwood is usedbuy and far more available. Softwood is used for construction of houses and furniture, and outdoor uses such as fencing. The term softwood does not mean that the timber is soft as pitch pine is one of the mosttimber is soft , as pitch pine is one of the most difficult timbers to work with Gymnosperms, or cone-bearing trees, produce softwoods, such as pine and spruce

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

23

MANUFACTURED BOARDS manmade boards, which are made by gluing wood layers or wood fibers together. Examples of manufactured boards are: Plywood is a widely used manufactured timber plywood is a widely used manufactured timber.

VEENER

LAMINATES

PLYWOOD FIBER BOARD 24

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

BATTEN BOARDS

PARTICLE BOARD

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

25

Manufacturing Process

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

27

ManufactureInterior Aspects

Since the book covers the Interior aspect of wood, the manufacturing process will be taken into consideration only that of Interiors.

28

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

ManufactureInterior Aspects Include: Wooden Floors Wooden Panelling Wooden ceilings Doors and stairs Furniture Lighting Decoration

Man-made Wood used in Interiors: Plywood BlockBoard PineBoard Chipboard Medium Density Fiberboard Hardboard

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

29

Plywood Plywood is made of three or more thin layers of wood bonded together with an adhesive.

30

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

MDF Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an engineered wood product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibers, often in a defibrator, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure.

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

25 31

WOOD

Material Iterations

Wood is a much-loved building material. It has been used for many years in the construction of houses and other buildings.

These strengths in combination with the warm appearance of wood make it the perfect material for decorating an interior. Wood can be used in a variety of ways in an interior…

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

33

34

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

35

36

लकड़ी-March 2021 ISSUE

Vendor Research