Building a Green Economy for Borneo

A Partnership Approach To Economic Sustainability

BUILDING A GREEN ECONOMY FOR BORNEO THROUGH CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE HEART OF BORNEO

Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

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FOREWORD As a contribution to the vision and commitment outlined in the of ‘The Future We Want’, the outcome document of the Rio+ 20 Summit, the Heart of Borneo aims to demonstrate that it is possible to both grow the economy and guarantee the long term future of trilateral social and natural assets.

CONCLUSION CONCLUSION HoB’s HoB’snatural naturalcapital capitalisisinstrumental instrumentalininsupporting supportingthe theproductivity productivityof ofmultiple multiple economic sectors and social wellbeing.

This critical social and economic economic sectors and social wellbeing. This critical social and economicrole roleof of HoB HoBecosystems ecosystemsisisrapidly rapidlybecoming becomingmore morewidely widelyunderstood. understood.Ongoing Ongoingefforts effortsare are beginning beginningtotodemonstrate demonstratethat thataagreen greeneconomy economyapproach approachtotoachieving achievingthe theHoB HoB vision visionofofconservation conservationand andsustainable sustainabledevelopment developmentwill willlead leadto tomore moreinclusive inclusive economic economicplanning, planning,management managementand andaccounting accountingwithin withinthe theeconomies economiesof ofBrunei, Brunei, Kalimantan, Kalimantan,Sabah Sabahand andSarawak.

Sarawak.

AnAneconomy economyofofthis thisnature naturewill willdrive drivegrowth growthofofincome incomeand andjobs, jobs,reduce reduce environmental environmentalrisks risksand andscarcity scarcityand andincrease increaseresilience resiliencetotoaachanging changingclimate. climate.ItIt will willalso alsolead leadtotogreater greaterfood, food,water waterand andenergy energysecurity securityfor forall. all.

Successwill willrequire requirecoordination coordinationand andfacilitation facilitationfrom frompolicy policymakers, makers,along alongwith with Success genuinecommitment commitmentand andresponsibility responsibilityfrom frombusinesses, businesses,business businessassociations, associations, genuine households,consumers consumersand andother otherstakeholders. stakeholders.Working Workingininpartnership partnershipwould would households, acceleratethe thedevelopment developmentofoftransformational transformationalpolicies policiesand andthe theimplementation implementationof of aa accelerate greeneconomy economyapproach. approach. green Partnership,green greenpolicy policyand andgreen greenon onthe theground groundinterventions interventionswill willsupport supportthe the Partnership, building of green economies across the island.

With pro-active engagement by building of green economies across the island. With pro-active engagement by stakeholders,the theHeart HeartofofBorneo BorneoInitiative Initiativecan canbe beSoutheast SoutheastAsia’s Asia’sforemost foremost allallstakeholders, examplewhich whichsupports supportsthe thedevelopment developmentofoflasting lastingand andequitable equitableeconomies economies example acrossBorneo.

Borneo. across

TheHoB HoBlandscape landscape The andits itsnatural natural capital capital are are and worthyof ofsubstantially substantially worthy higherlevels levels of of investment investment higher

We, the three member governments of the Heart of Borneo, (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia) are committed to creating the enabling conditions needed to make the transition to a green economy for the prosperity of our respective countries, the island of Borneo and the global community.

Green economy approaches provide a framework for our governments, the private sector and civil society to work together to make these changes and balance investment in the economy, the environment, socioeconomic development and resilience – all elements being integral to delivering of the objectives of our trilateral HoB Initiative.

We will continue to develop programmatic, policy and financing solutions that work on the ground to meet the goals of conservation and demands of sustainable economic development across the Heart of Borneo. We will do so through multi-sector partnerships and innovative approaches which benefit people and nature.

We have prioritized five pillars: trans-boundary cooperation, protected areas, sustainable natural resource management, ecotourism development and capacity building.

Through our common, yet differentiated programs, Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia are committed to delivering lasting conservation and sustainable development through a green economy approach. Protecting natural capital, which includes valuable biodiversity, ecosystems and their ecosystem services - is crucial for local and national economies and central to delivering the Heart of Borneo Declaration.

signature Brunei

Photos and graphics: © WWF or used with permission

signature Indonesia

signature Malaysia

Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

Besides cross-cutting interventions, several sector-speciďŹ c interventions require a collaborative approach among various sectors: Biodiversity-based enterprises run by communitymanaged areas Communities are directly involved in marketing biodiversity-based (including agroforestry) products, which helps build local economies, alleviate poverty and reduce deforestation pressures.

Future biodiversity-based business This involves market-based mechanisms that recognize natural capital as an asset, thereby creating ďŹ nancial value. Examples include bio-banking, bio-prospecting and ecosystem restoration as a commercial service.

Transboundary ecotourism An integrated strategy for HoB cross-border ecotourism would enhance biodiversity and local livelihoods while helping to sustain indigenous cultures.

Innovative green sectors This includes green energy such as micro-hydro power and technologies which turn waste into raw materials for generating energy or other useful products.

Greening high-impact sectors Large-scale, high-impact sectors, including logging, palm oil cultivation, hydropower development and mining, require a range of investments , standards and regulatory measures. to enhance their sustainability.

A set of short and long term measurable indicators and targets would be useful to demonstrate the potential for the HoB Initiative to contribute to the achievement of national government goals on GHG emissions reduction, poverty reduction, water management and energy and food security.

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Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

WORKING TOGETHER IN THE TRANSITION TOWARDS GREEN ECONOMIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword The Heart of Borneo Initiative The role of Heart of Borneo natural capital in economies The Green Economy Approach Enabling and Delivering Green Economies Working together in the transition towards green economies

To accelerate a long-term and prosperous transition to a sustainable future, all stakeholders must work in partnership to realize this vision.

The following interventions require a collaborative approach among sectors:

Participatory ecosystem-based spatial planning This tool for landscape management uses ecosystem boundaries as the delineating factor rather than district, state or other administrative boundaries. Developed in a participatory way, the approach aims at the harmonious coexistence of all living organisms—humans, plants, animals and microorganisms—together with the abiotic environment.

Integrated river basin management This approach promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land and related resources in a watershed in order to maximise economic and social welfare and equity while maintaining the sustainability of vital ecosystems and the environment.

Expanding protected areas networks and improving connectivity Effective management as well as increasing the size of protected areas and enhancing their connectivity helps to preserve their ecological integrity while facilitating gene flow and building resilience.

Conclusion

1

Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

THE HEART OF BORNEO INITIATIVE

impact logging and other business sectors follow environmentally friendly management practices. New green, innovative sectors are on the horizon and are starting at small scale.

Investments and capacity are needed to help these sectors get off the ground.

International Community Actions The global community continues to push forward the sustainable development agenda The global community has an important role in strengthening forest-related governance, creating mechanisms for addressing the drivers of poor forest management, as well as raising financial resources to protect forests and reduce the economic pressures for forest conversion. The international community can help in the following ways: •

The three HoB governments have established governance structures to help fulfill their obligations under the HoB Declaration: the HoB National Council in Brunei, HoB Working Groups in Indonesia and National Expert Group and Steering Committees in Malaysia.

•

2010

2009 Brunei commences work on several major HoB implementation projects, including a faunal survey of Sungai Ingei, management planning for high conservation value peat lands and long-term monitoring of the impacts of climate change on rainforest.

All three countries have completed their HoB strategic action plans.

The wider ecological importance of HoB and its inter-dependence with the Coral Triangle is recognized at the 4th Trilateral Meeting in the concept of “Forests to Reefs.”

Brunei announces the global importance of HoB in storing carbon at the UNFCCC convention in Mexico.

State Government of Sabah cohosts international conference on Forest and Climate Change: Decoding and Realising REDD+ in the Heart of Borneo.

The three HoB governments launch a joint publication at CBD COP X in Nagoya: Financing the Heart of Borneo – A partnership approach to economic sustainability.

Direct international REDD+ finance in the framework of a green economy: The global community needs to support the development of economies that recognize the true value of forests, not only to support climate mitigation but for the range of resources, ecosystem goods and services that forests provide.

Support biodiversity-based industries, greening conventional sectors and new green innovative sectors: Technology transfer, skills and capacity are needed in a range of business sectors, across government agencies and levels of governance. Biodiversity-based industries will take time to grow, but in time will generate revenue while maintaining valuable ecosystem goods and services for a range of sectors. Progress is being made in greening conventional sectors, yet there is a considerable way to go before all logging concessions practice reduced

•

Act as a resource gateway on natural capital of forests and associated goods and ecosystem services: The international community can share methods of strengthening forest governance, creating transparent mechanisms for implementing sustainable forest related agreements; capacity building and a host of other topics relevant to the transition to a green economy.

•

Stimulate collaboration amongst different actors and improve effectiveness of technical and financial contributions: The international community has the ability to attract the attention of the commercial and financial sectors. Lending, investment and insurance can be major channels of private financing for a green economy.

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Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

WHAT IS THE HEART OF BORNEO INITIATIVE? Comprising approximately 30% of the island of Borneo’s land area, the Heart of Borneo (HoB) covers more than 22 million hectares of tropical rainforest across three countries: Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia (Kalimantan) and Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak). It is the largest transboundary tropical forest expanse remaining in South East Asia. Home to an astounding 6% of the world’s biodiversity, from the orangutan to the world’s largest flower, from the world’s smallest elephant to rhinoceros and containing the headwaters for 14 of Borneo’s 20 major rivers, the HoB is one of the planet’s richest treasuretroves. More than one million people, with their unique indigenous cultures, live within the HoB and directly depend on its forests for their livelihood, food, income, water and culture.

Business Actions

•

The role of the private sector in supporting the transition to a green economy The role of responsible business A healthy private sector, conscious of the social and environmental impacts of its businesses, is central to a successful green economy approach.

Responsible business means investing in forest protection and management, not only for corporate and social responsibility, but primarily because they acknowledge the need to secure the future of their and other business.

Businesses operating within the HoB can support this transition to a green economy by managing environmental and social risks associated with their activities. Priority actions can include: •

Ensuring that their impact on nature (natural capital they depend upon and/or other sectors depend upon) is either minimized or positive. This should be taken into account in each step of the production process, as well as supporting activities such as procurement and outsourcing.

•

Information sharing through platforms such as forums, roundtables or certifying organisations can greatly reduce the costs of risk assessment and data collection for a sector as a whole. Partnerships can be engaged in with like-minded businesses, organisations or NGOs in order to fill gaps in knowledge needed to help green business operations.

The HoB Initiative is a transboundary effort among the three countries sharing the HoB vision to enable conservation and sustainable development that improves the welfare of those living on the island, while minimizing deforestation, forest degradation and associated loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

The commitments of the three HoB governments are contained in the HoB Declaration of 2007.

OBJECTIVES OF THE HOB INITIATIVE Transboundary Management: addressing issues of management of natural resources and socioeconomic welfare of local people on the border areas.

Protected Areas Management: enhancing and promoting effective management of protected areas within the HoB area, with the emphasis on those situated on the common border, in order to conserve and maintain forest biodiversity and the ecological linkages.

Sustainable Natural Resource Management: managing the natural resources outside the protected areas network through the development and implementation of sustainable land uses.

Ecotourism Development: recognizing and protecting the value of special natural and cultural places or sites within the HoB area.

Capacity Building: ensuring the effective implementation of the HoB initiative at all levels, both in the public and private sectors and among the local communities.

2005

2006

2007

2008

Heart of Borneo: Three Countries, One Conservation Vision Workshop launches the joint efforts of Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia to collaborate for the future of HoB.

HoB Vision announced at CBD COP VIII in Brazil

The three HoB governments commit to the HoB Declaration to enable conservation and sustainable development that improves the welfare of those living on the island, while minimizing deforestation, forest degradation and associated loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.

The Brunei HoB Project Implementation Framework is completed and the Sultan approves zoning 58% of the national land area as HoB. In Indonesia, the HoB is designated as a Strategic National Area with significant environmental value and has been included within the Kalimantan spatial plan.

ASEAN Summit endorses the importance of conservation in the Heart of Borneo.

BIMP-EAGA names HoB a Flagship Project.

The three governments jointly develop a trilateral Strategic Plan of Action.

Transparency and accountability become essential both for trust within partnerships as well as to provide the foundation of trust in community relations.

Other actors from the business community such as financial institutions and corporate shareholders can play an important role devising innovative ways to finance and capitalise on conservation. For example, reduced interest rates and soft loans as incentives, as well as applying bonds and securities to the forest sectors, could support a smoother transition towards a green economy. In this respect public-private-partnerships offer a good way to balance business and social interests in a while minimising risk for the stakeholders involved.

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2011 The BIMP-EAGA Ministers responsible for conservation meet in Brunei’s Ulu Temburong National Park and announce the importance of HoB and the Coral Triangle within the “World’s first megadiversity sub-region”.

Brunei develops plans to create totally protected areas with local community participation in management and ecotourism at Sg Ingei and Bukit Teraja in Belait District.

In Indonesia, the district government of Kutai Barat in

2012 Kalimantan creates enabling conditions for a district level REDD+ program which includes spatial planning, governance, and stakeholder involvement to improve forest protection, utilize degraded lands for palm oil expansion and secure community forests for biodiversity, carbon and sociocultural values.

State government of Sabah, Malaysia hosts the International Conference on Sabah Heart of Borneo: Green Economy and Development.

State government of Sabah, Malaysia hosts the International Conference on Heart of Borneo +5 and Beyond: Shaping and Nurturing Sabah’s Future Together

Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

THE ROLE OF HOB’S NATURAL CAPITAL IN ECONOMIES

Economic policies and these related instruments will not work in isolation; cross-sectoral coordination is necessary to ensure synergies and to distribute costs (short-term burden), as well as to encourage a fair distribution of future benefits.

Source of finance

Who benefits (directly)

Why

Public targets supported by law National Treasury

Regional governments

To reward for securing forest cover, effective monitoring and leading inclusive approaches, ecosystem-based spatial planning, crosssectoral governance

Private Sector and households

Local Communities

To reward for maintaining forests, carbon, water, soil and biodiversity stocks and penalising excessive use

Developer (Private or public)

Local and global communities

To achieve a no net reduction overall of biodiversity due to anthropogenic changes to the environment

Private sector

Businesses and local communities

Sectors will undertake biodiversity offsets to ensure “no net loss” in the context of their operations, and preferably a net gain.

Capital Investment National Treasury

Private sector and communities

To reduce pressure on deforestation and increase opportunities to generate revenue from maintaining healthy ecosystems

Funds Investors

All stakeholders with business in the HoB

To boost an economy that values natural capital

Donor countries, Global funds

Stakeholders who reduce forest carbon emissions and conserve carbon stocks

To contribute towards global carbon emission reductions

Incentives and disincentives (such as tax reductions and subsidies) National treasury and regional budget

Logging companies

To favor certified business and make certification economically viable

National treasury and regional Budget

Mining companies

Incentivized for complying to required standards and criteria or penalized for breeching criteria and standards

National treasury and regional Budget

Mining companies

Incentivized for complying to required standards and criteria or penalized for breeching criteria and standards

Voluntary behavioral change Consumers Conservation Forest (existing and proposed) Sustainable Management Potential Sustainable Management Developed Area

Logging and palm oil companies/businesses

To encourage producers to practice sustainably

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Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

Our HoB Declaration recognises the need for collaboration to conserve and sustainably manage the HoB forests due to their high social and environmental value.

A sample of economic instruments which could help sustain HoB’s valuable natural capital

Type of Instrument

Description

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Actor(s)

While the role of nature as a provider of raw material is commonly recognised, the role of ecosystems in maintaining key services such as clean water supplies, carbon sequestration, biodiversity benefits, provisioning services (and related social benefits and economic revenues), and cultural services remains largely unrecognised and unrewarded.

Public targets supported by law Performance based regional incentive mechanism

Increased budget allocation to regional governments based on performance measured by natural capital indicators

Regulated PES at scale

Payments made by private sector and households at level of river basin or district channelled through a formal mechanism

National/ sub-national governments

No net loss legislation

Legal requirement to offset biodiversity loss from any kind of development

National/State Government

Biodiversity offsets (Biobanking)

Compensation payments for a project’s impact on biodiversity.

Developer (private or public)

National Government

Capital Investment Government Investment Programs

Government injects capital into the development of a green private sector and support activities such as reforestation and expansion of Protected Areas

National Government

Financial Institutions

Low interest financing and favourable loan arrangements to green business; tax breaks on investments; risk sharing

National/sub-national governments; Banks; Investors

International REDD+ finance

PPayments to stakeholders who reduce their carbon emissions from forest areas or conserve carbon stocks

National/ sub national governments, bi- and multi-lateral funding

Incentives to certified logging concessions

Tax deduction, financial incentive or other forms of economic incentives to private sector

National and regional governments

Incentives to certified palm oil concessions on existing degraded land

•

Taxes or charges on pollutants and wastes or other forms of economic incentives

National and regional governments

•

Mandatory compensation for destruction of natural habitats or public amenities

•

International standards

Taxes or charges on pollutants and wastes or other forms of economic incentives

Responsible consumers and corporations demand for sustainable products has set in motion a voluntary process through which an independent third party issues a certificate guaranteeing that management of a forest/plantation is carried out according to established criteria and standards

HoB Carbon Storage Forests and peat lands in the HoB are particularly important because they are very effective at absorbing and storing carbon from the atmosphere. They therefore play a critical role in the regulation of the global climate.

Based on above ground biomass only, the HoB landscape stores an estimated 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon (11.8 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent).

Biodiversity is an essential building block of ecosystems, species and genetic resources. The HoB is one of earth’s richest biological treasure troves; more than 600 new species of animals and plants have been discovered since 1995. Besides the intrinsic value of the diversity of species in the HoB, biodiversity has profound implications for people and their economies. As biodiversity enables ecosystems to resist and recover from change, such as climate change, biodiversity directly protects people and their livelihoods against shocks and disturbances.

Economic Benefits and Livelihoods The HoB represents rich natural resources in the form of timber and other forest products. If these resources are sustainably managed they have the potential to provide continuous and long term revenue streams.

Economic value can also be derived from services, such as tourism or bio-prospecting if forest resources are sustainably managed. Sustainable forest management maintains the flow of ecosystem services which are essential natural inputs for agro-forestry, agriculture and other revenue-generating activities across the entire island.

Social and Cultural Values

National and regional governments

Voluntary behavioral change Market Instruments

Rivers originating in the HoB provide support households and economic sectors across more than 70% of Borneo, for the benefit of over 11 million people. They provide clean drinking water, as well as water for industry, agriculture, energy generation and river transport, a main mode of transport in many parts of Borneo. Water catchment degradation increases the risks of unpredictable floods and droughts, endangers river transport. These impacts can result in major economic and social costs for communities and the private and public sectors.

Biodiversity and Ecosystem Resilience

Incentives and disincentives (such as tax reductions and subsidies)

Incentives to responsible mining

HoB Water Resources

The aesthetic, cultural, spiritual, heritage, enjoyment and educational value of the HoB may be grouped under the heading of social value of the HoB’s natural capital. Many HoB communities directly depend on the forest for food security, water security, medicine and construction materials. So maintaining the quality of the natural environment is of paramount importance for the communities living within the HoB. Through their symbiotic lifestyle together with the forests they inhabit, these communities have provided the world with vast knowledge of e.g. agricultural techniques and the medicinal use of plants, and can continue to do so as their ecosystems evolve.

Consumers Economic activity is deeply interdependent with nature. At present, negative impacts of unsustainable economic activity causes ecosystems to degrade and natural resources to decline - the costs of which are not included in the price we pay for what we consume. Neither do we pay nature for the services she provides us. The “externalization” of these costs and benefits, lies at the root of the present unsustainable use of our natural resources, and impacts economic activity adversely. The resulting processes of degradation and depletion perpetuate the accumulation of economic and social costs. An economy that values natural capital through a green economy approach, would bring an end to this vicious cycle by addressing the problem right at the root.

Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

Current economic models promote and reward short term gains at the expense of long-term sustainable economic growth, community wellbeing and environmental resilience - more rather than better consumption, private versus public wealth creation and human-made capital versus natural capital.

Higher costs to economic sectors and society due to water pollution

v an Ri tang aba Kin

Reduced eco-tourism opportunity Be lait & Tu t o n g rivers

Higher costs to operate dams Rajang

River

Loss of biodiversity based revenues

Irresponsible hydropower

Ma ha

m ka

iver

o

rne o B f

o t r a He

Unsustainable palm oil expansion

Impacts from increased haze and fire

Loss of habitat for species diversity

Higher costs due to loss in soil quality, soil erosion/ landslides

Health impacts due to water pollution

Loss of cultural heritage

Unsustainable logging

Irresponsible mining

Loss of life due to increased natural disaster

Loss of medicinal plants and related indigenous knowledge

r ve Ri

Kapuas R

Barito Ka puas River

Higher cost due to reduced drinking water availability

Reduced forest and fish products for local use

er

Higher costs due to damaged ecological infrastructure

Higher cost of infrastructure repairs due to flooding

Loss of fishery production due to water pollution and decreased water supply

BUSINESS AS USUAL

Governments play a leading role in setting enabling conditions Key enablers include:

There are four main distinguishing factors of an alternative economic model that fully values natural capital: It increases human well-being and social equity while significantly reducing environmental risks and ecological scarcities.

It delivers inclusive growth while sustaining natural capital to provide for food, water, climate, soils and resource security.

It delivers on development priorities of local and national governments for the benefit of society, particularly its most impoverished segments.

It secures natural stocks for future use, enhances the provision of goods for revenue generation opportunities and avoids costs associated with damaged ecosystem services.

•

Reforming the economic incentive framework that restore, sustain and enhance ecosystem services, favouring sustainable businesses and good governance.

•

Financing mechanisms based on natural capital indicators and performance in achieving measurable targets.

•

Accounting for natural capital throughout all economic sectors

•

Monitoring and verification of green economy interventions.

•

Addressing land tenure and property rights constructively

The table on the next page outlines a sample of economstruments which could help sustain HoB’s valuable natural capital. Economic policies and these related instruments will not work in isolation; cross-sectoral coordination is necessary to ensure synergies and to distribute costs (short term burden), as well as to encourage a fair distribution of future benefits.

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Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

THE GREEN ECONOMY APPROACH

Avoided costs of water pollution to economic sector and society

Eco-tourism opportunity

Be

Sustainable hydro-power Rajang

Increased bio-diversity based revenues

Ma ha

sustainable logging

Sustainable ecological infrastructure

r

Habitat protection for species diversity

o

o

Avoided anthropogenic disasters

ve Ri

Kap

rt Hea

Ri v e r ngan a t a ab Kin Sustainable use of medicinal plants and preserved related indigenous knowledge

Cultural heritage preservation

rne o B f

vr Rive

sustainable palm oil expansion

Tu t o n g rivers

Improved self sufficiency

responsible hydropower

iver uas R

l a it &

m ka

Avoided cost of reduced drinking water availability

6/7

responsible mining Avoided costs of infrastructure repairs due to flooding

Reduced impacts from Haze and Fire

Sustainable fishery production

ito

Avoided health impacts of water pollution

Bar

Avoided cost of loss in soil quality, soil erosion and landslides

Kap uas Riv er

GREEN ECONOMY

The green economy approach can only deliver its promise with pro-active engagement from governments, businesses and civil society.

A green economy approach will: decrease future costs to businesses, households and government;

increase future revenue from biodiversity-based and green industries;

raise crop yields and lower domestic energy consumption, and;

support a transformation to a more just and equitable economy.

Following a green economy approach, resilient ecosystems support the economy by creating buffers. Economies are more capable of withstanding changes in conditions to the economic landscape when they are diversiďŹ ed. Investing in natural capital and green growth strategies, such as adopting sustainable landscape management in the HoB will support resilience in our economies into the future.

DECLARATION

Role of Heart of Borneo In a Green Economy

ENABLING AND DELIVERING GREEN ECONOMIES

The HoB Initiative is a result of coordinated action between Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia to recognize and act upon the value of its natural capital. Governance structures have been established, a transboundary Strategic Plan of Action as well as country-specific Strategic Plans of Action have been developed to help fulfill obligations under the HoB Declaration. These bold steps—undertaken based on an enhanced recognition of the importance of HoB’s forests, freshwater and biodiversity—are the beginning of a journey towards an economy that respects nature and is at the service of people.

Guiding principles in our green economy approach:

TRI-NATIONAL STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

1.

Investing in natural capital: our green economy approach means valuing the services that the natural capital of the Heart of Borneo provides to people and the economy.

2.

Investing in people: in our green economy approach we allocate environmental benefits and costs fairly to achieve a more just and equitable society.

3.

4.

Driving investment and financial flows: in our green economy approach investment and financial flows will be driven towards healthy ecosystems and generating a better quality of life for all.

5.

Improving governance and measurement: in our green economy approach we redefine ‘progress’ in light of environmental and societal needs, so that we value social wellbeing and environmental health accordingly and Areward good practices.

Greening high impact sectors: in our green economy approach we aim for an economy driven by green industries that provide new employment prospects.

Sustainable aquaculture

Be

INDONESIA HoB ACTION PLAN

MALAYSIA A HoB ACTION PLANS P

Tu t o n g rivers

Certified timber

Energy & Biogas

Rajang Rivv er

Biodiversity based community enterprises

Responsible hydro-power Transboundary ecotourism

iver

Kapuas R

Certified agro-forestry Responsible mining

of t r a He orneo B Ecosystem restoration services

iver

as R

apu

ito K

WELL MANAGED HoB ECOSYSTEMS PROVIDE FOR ONGOING FLOW OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ACROSS BORNEO

Bio-banking

Connected Protected Areas

Restoring inactive logging concessions

Bioprospecting

Bar

GREEN ECONOMY APPPROACH

la it &

Mahakam River

iver

an R

tang

ba Kina

BRUNEI HoB ACTION PLAN

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