September 2010 #119

Early Entertainment Choices in Punxsutawney

Vaudeville - Then and Now

On the cover: Summer’s End ‘Punxsutawney Hometown’ magazine © Copyright 2010 — All Rights Reserved.

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By S. Thomas Curry of Hometown magazine t a time in the mid-19th century when Punxsutawney was establishing itself as a “community,” there became a need to cultivate the finer arts of life that would become part of the spirit of the town.

Singing schools were organized for those interested in vocal music, literary societies for those who sought to discuss social is-

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the displays of tonics and salves would be displayed with the persuasive “pitch.”

In the late 1860s, the local news on the pages of the Punxsutawney Plaindealer described a variety of activities that would amuse the townsfolk of about 2,000 people.

Young men could choose between the Mahoning Literary Society, the Keystone Literary Society or the Washington Literary Society to perform in “Orations, Declamations and Debates, and cultivate their intellectual powers....”

A Glee Club was organized for men in July 1869, in the basement of the Methodist Church.

Some of the citizens of the town would take lessons on piano and organ, the instruction given in “instrumental music” by Mrs. Lizzie Herring. Several churches were accompanying the “devotional exercises” in their services on “organ or base vial ... and fiddle and sing to the praise of Almighty God.” (Plaindealer, August 31, 1868) Young boys and girls could participate in concerts held by churches, such as The Juvenile Concert that was held in the Olive Church [Oliveburg] on an evening in November 1868. It was conducted by S. B. Williams a popular songster, who conducted his singing school in the area.

Traveling circuses, with their caravan of wagons and animals would pitch their shows on the Public Park [Barclay Square]

With its program of “variety acts” by stage performers, Vaudeville was a popular form of entertainment in Punxsutawney theatres (left) in the early 1900s. Vaudeville returns to Punxsutawney in September with a show (above) presented by the Punxsutawney Concert Association.

for “everybody and their friends to witness the gay and lofty tumbling.” The International Hippocomique and New York Circus visited Punxsutawney in July 1869, followed by Bryan’s Grand Menagerie and Circus in September.

- Continued on next page

Graphic Artists Melissa Salsgiver Carol Smouse Nicole McGee Emily Altomare All material submitted becomes the property of Punxsutawney Hometown magazine.

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sues and little bands for some to take their developed talents from the privacy of their home to entertaining the town folk in concerts.

Tent shows were introduced to entertain those who could take time from their work.

They included circuses, and medicine shows that would offer a little program of comedy, jugglers or other novelties before

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Vaudeville

please the people (including the traveling public) by announcing in 1871, “There is also connected with the house a large and Continued from previous page commodious hall suitable for theatrical exhibition, concerts, lectures, etc., provided An Indian Show performed in Punxwith stage, scenery and comfortably sutawney, Big Run and Perrysville [Hamilseated.” And George Zeitler would let the ton] in early September 1869 with a town know that he would build a two-story program of “ceremonies, rites, dances, building near the park. It would include a storeroom and a “town hall” on the second floor to provide a place for social activities, dances, lectures, local entertainment, and a meeting place for the town council.

By 1888 there was a call from some people for an opera house in town to provide a suitable hall for new forms of entertainment made available through the circuit of railroad lines cutting through the area. In September 1889, Charles Fish, who came to Punxsutawney from northeast Pennsylvania, had a grand opening for his new opera house in the East End of town.

The Mahoning Street Opera House would seat 1,500 people.

With its large stage and scenery, “brilliantly illuminated with gas,” the locals could be entertained in comfort and elegance on cane-bottomed chairs.

One of the first performances would be With original costuming, clever stage props and special effects, the “Handsome Little Devils” troupe will present vaudeville features of slapstick comedy, a presentation of melodramatic theatre skits, music, juggling, a circus wagon and other antics “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” for old-fashioned entertainment at the Punxsutawney Area High School . by a touring company from New Orleans, songs and pantomimes” to illustrate the life which brought its own scenery, orchestra of the Plain Indians. and “a pack of trained bloodhounds” for the In April 1870, the Plaindealer reported popular melodrama of that period that ex“The Cornet Band made their appearance posed many Punxsutawney people to the on our streets during several of the beautihorrors of slavery. ful nights of the past week, furnishing our That extravagant theatrical interpretation, citizens with an abundance of very fine characters set to strong feelings and sentimusic.” ment, with incidental music against specEventually, the Eagle Hotel at its location tacular scenery and stage effects was the on the northeast corner of The Park would beginning of what became two decades of We have a full line of monu ments, decorati ve stone s, benches and more!

a variety of stage shows provided through a circuit of stock companies traveling the railroad cities. The Mahoning Street Opera House was built near the Pennsylvania and Northwestern Railroad (PNW, later the Pennsylvania Railroad) in the east end, and the Jefferson Theatre was built near the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway (BR&P) on North Findley Street. Advertisements for the shows would clearly announce “carloads of scenery” as an enticement for the spectacular shows to be expected.

Replacing the old opera house, the Jefferson Theatre, built in 1905, would present many major musicals and light operas as stage offerings in its grandiose setting.

With the dearth of attractions billed at the Jefferson in the early years after it opening, new theatres known as nickelodeons would be built for the silent movies that arrived as Auto • Home • busiNess • life

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entertainment. Punx’y would have four of these small places in operation - The Theatorium, Dreamland Nickelodeon Theatre, The Gem Theatre and Happyland Vaudeville Theatre, it advertised as “the best equipped vaudeville theatre in this part of the state.”

These theatres would present a variety of stage shows by “live” performers between the reels of silent movies. Short acts such as slapstick comedy, song-and-dance routines, juggling performances, magicians, and animal tricks were among the acts provided to keep the audience’s attention for a few minutes between the entertaining moving pictures. The vaudeville acts continued a human touch to entertainment, a spoken word by a performer in the presence of the audience.

Vaudeville, with its variety of novel acts, - Continued on page 6

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Coal brought the Robinson Brothers to Punxsutawney which brought mining engineers from all over the United States and many parts of Europe to view the haulage system and he Robinson brothers, three of the replicate it in their operations. sons of Warren and Susannah About 1890 Lucius Waterman Robinson Howard (Woodard) Robinson of became superintendent of mines with the Hartford, Connecticut, were contribRochester and Pittsburgh Railway Comutors to the development of the coal econpany. When the company was reorganized omy in Punxsutawney. These men were: to form the Rochester and Pittsburgh Coal Lucius Waterman Robinson, Edwin Waterand Iron Company in 1891 he was elected son Robinson and Leoni Warren Robinson. one of the Company’s five directors. In Lucius Waterman Robinson was the first time, Robinson became the president of the to come to the area. A graduate of Sheffield company. Later, the Company purchased Scientific School at the Bell, Lewis & Yates Yale University in Company mines. The Hartford, Connectinew corporation was cut, he began his caorganized in Pennsylreer in the coal fields vania as the Jefferson of Tioga County and Clearfield Coal about 1877, where he and Iron Company on learned the manageJune 15, 1896, and at ment of coal mining that time had its office and techniques for at Reynoldsville. The handling a large Rochester & Pittsburgh workforce.

Coal & Iron Company From Tioga County, held the controlling inhe moved to the terest in the new corpoRochester Mine, ration. owned by Bell, L. W. Robinson, with Lewis, & Yates Minhis trademark musing Company, near tache and cane, quickly DuBois, where he became a recognized became the superinleader at the Company tendent. He used his offices and in the comengineering knowlmunity. In time, he beedge to improve the came an extremely operations by develwealthy man. Upon his oping a double track death it was reported rope haulage system that he was perhaps the Waterman Robinson — 1855-1935.Photo wealthiest citizen of which increased the Lucius courtesy: Eileen Mountjoy Cooper, The efficiency of the Rochester and Pittsburgh Coal Company: The Rochester, New York. mine. His design First One Hundred Years (Indiana, Pennsylvania: Although the main was so successful, it Rochester and Pittsburgh Coal Company, 1982). office of the Buffalo, was included in the Rochester and Pitts1899 Pennsylvania Report on Mining pubburg Railway Company was located at lished at Harrisburg.

Rochester, New York, L. W. Robinson The double-track rope-haulage system rechose to spend most of his time near his placed the old system of using mules to haul mining interests in Jefferson and then Indifive to ten loaded coal cars from the mine ana Counties in Pennsylvania. to the tipple. The rope-haulage system used L.W. Robinson was a “hand’s on” manfour drums powered by two large steam enager. He was as likely to be at a mine as in gines. It was a highly efficient, means of the office. On March 23, 1896, a mine fire hauling coal which handled up to 50 cars at at the Adrian mine took the lives of two men one time. It was an innovative method - Continued on next page

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cius Waterman, Jr. were born in Punxsutawney. Lucius W. Robinson, Jr., followed his father into the business of coal Continued from previous page mining.

Lucius Waterman Robinson officially reand two other’s were overcome by aftersigned his 20-year term as president of the damp gas. One of these was his brother Rochester and Pittsburg Coal and Iron Edwin W. Robinson. L.W. Robinson was Company on Januone of the members of ary 29, 1919, the the crew that went into leadership was the mine to rescue his passed to Benjamin brother and the mine McCreight Clark. foreman. Both were The second brought out unconRobinson brother to scious, and remained invest in the econso for over 12 hours omy of Punxbefore regaining consutawney was sciousness.

Edwin Waterson L.W. Robinson, in Robinson. Known 1899, oversaw the as E.W. Robinson, opening of Florence he also received an No. 1 Mine, northeast engineering degree of Adrian and Florence from Yale.

His No. 2 Mine by the mining career Rochester & Pittsburgh began about 1886 Coal & Iron Company, when he was emin Jefferson County. ployed by Bell, As the railroads were Lewis and Yates being extended to IndiCoal Company as a ana County, Robinson mining engineer secured large blocks of and established coal lands in White and their mines at HoraBlacklick Townships tio. for the company and Leoni Warren Robinson, Architect. Bronze plaque brought investments in Gorham Company Founders Louis A. Gudebrod He then went to the millions of dollars bronze plaque of Leoni W. Robinson., Nadeau’s Mexico as a consulting engineer for to the area. During the Auction Gallery the Central Railroad years that followed Company. Two years later he returned to Robinson left his name on places in Indiana Punxsutawney and was employed as the County: Waterman and Luciusboro. chief engineer and general superintendent L.W. Robinson married D. Ruth DeMoss, of the Rochester and Pittsburg Coal and of Coshocton, Ohio, on September 9, 1890.

Their three children, Florence, Ruth and Lu- Continued on page 13

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Vaudeville Continued from page 3

became the most popular form of entertainment from 1900 to 1920, especially among the middle and upper-middle class people who had developed their own preference for entertainment, fun and amusement.

The national vaudeville star Clinton Fagan, booked as “Noodles Fagan” was top billing for the New York Vaudeville Stars in a week-long appearance at the Jefferson Theatre in March 1908. The vaudeville company was the first of its kind to appear at the theatre.

The matinees and evening shows during the week were presented to different audiences; a woman’s night, a “newsie” night for newspaper carriers, children’s matinee for the different elementary school buildings, another day for the older youth and their parents, etc. One night was an amateur night, for local talent to be featured in the fun of the week.

The variety of acts in the program, presented by “well-known fun-makers,” included comedy acts, juggler, wooden shoe dancer, violinist, xylophone players and a “singing, talking, fancy paper tearing, crayon drawing” act. “Noodles” Fagan, himself, performed comical imitations of President Theodore Roosevelt, the late President William McKinley and other personalities of that era. Also, he sang songs with his “skyscraper voice ... at automobile speed and with special effects,” changing dialects between Dutch, Irish, Hebrew and Italian. (March 11, 1908, Punxsutawney Spirit) One review of a show commented “Whatever may be thought of vaudeville as presented by this company ... the crowd went there to have a good time and they had it, and that’s the function of vaudeville entertainments.”

The big blow to vaudeville, the live performance acts at a time of silent movies, was the addition of sound to motion pictures. In the late 1920s, theatres added screens and were wired for sound. Then the Depression hit, and forced theatres to cut back expenses and economize, or fail.

Some of the most famous vaudeville performers of that age shifted their talents to the sound films. Vaudevillians such as Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin, The Marx Brothers, to name a few, are remembered.

Later, there was the television industry to give former vaudeville stars an opportunity for new careers as entertainers to millions across the country.

Readers who became immersed in watch-

ing TV during the early years of the 1950s and 1960s will remember “Your Show of Shows with Sid Caesar” or the “Ed Sullivan Show” which were variety shows that owed much to the format of early vaudeville. Jack Benny, Bob Hope, Red Skelton, Burns and Allen, Edgar Bergen (with Charlie McCarthy) were other former vaudevillians who succeeded in the new entertainment medium of television.

The local variety show produced annually by each Senior Class at the Punxsutawney Senior High School has followed for years the entertainment appeal of a show of music, comedy, dance and small skits.

Vaudeville Returns to Punxsutawney While vaudeville may be thought to be something of the past, whether in old theaters or on black and white TV, real vaudeville will return to Punxsutawney this fall through the concert season of the Punxsutawney Concert Association.

On Tuesday, September 21, patrons and adult members of the association will be entertained by a young vaudeville troupe that names itself “Handsome Little Devils.” The troupe of four will present their Squirm Burpee, a one-of-a-kind theatrical experience that includes classic vaudeville comedy routines, some high-skill circus acts such as chainsaw juggling and a human cannonball, and a little bit of oldfashioned American melodrama in an act with a damsel in distress, a dastardly villain and a handsome hero dashing to the rescue.

Their type of comedy, variety acts and music is a part of the Vaudeville Nouveau movement in America. They back up their acts with their own imaginative stage props and clever costumes.

The Concert Association is concluding its yearly subscription. Concert tickets will be mailed soon to current members in time to experience an old-fashioned Vaudeville show. There is still time for area residents or businesses to offer their annual support for the 2010-2011 season of three performances, and receive membership cards.

The concert season will come to a close in March 2011 with the appearance of John Davidson, a popular TV personality and Broadway performer of the 1970s and 1980s. Davidson’s performance will be vocal and banjo selections from his musical career.

A local concert card also permits the member to attend concerts and shows in neighboring towns of DuBois, Clearfield, Franklin/Oil City and Lewistown.

For more information and a brochure contact Bessie Depp, subscription chairman, at 938-5333.

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College students can bet on their own course grades and profit if they’re right

By Anya Sostek Pittsburgh Post-Gazette hort on tuition money?

A new company is offering college students a chance to make a little cash on the side -- by betting on their own performances.

Undergraduate students at 36 universities around the country can wager on their own grades though a New York-based company

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ficulty of the class.

"Pottery 101 or something like that" would be a tougher wager than organic chemistry, said Gelbart.

Students can also place multi-class bets and yearlong bets, said Gelbart, noting that the maximum that anybody could win in the upcoming school year is $2,500. Gelbart estimated that thousands of students had already signed up on the company's website, www.ultrinsic.com.

Students can also purchase "grade insurance" that would give them some money back in the event that they fail a class or receive a poor grade.

Though the concept sounds like gambling, Gelbart said that it is legal because students are staking money on something "all in their control -- it's not like rolling a die or playing the lottery."

Ultrinsic is promoting itself mainly through on-campus ambassadors, who generate word of mouth. Students who refer others receive 5 percent of their referred friend's winnings.

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"It encourages friends to tell their friends to study," said Gelbart. "In a month from now, when they say, 'Let's hang out, let's go to the movies,' the friend says 'No no no, you have to study.' " The company has been criticized both for introducing students to gambling and for replacing a pure love of learning with a love of cash.

Gelbart said that he preferred to think of the "incentives" as a little extra motivation.

"That's a great ideal -- that students like learning and they enjoy classes," said Gelbart. "But when you have to pull an allnighter, it's more like work. That's what you need the incentive for."

(E-mail reporter Anya Sostek at asostek@post-gazette.com.) (Distributed by Scripps Howard News Service, www.scrippsnews.com.)

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called Ultrinsic.

"What this does is that it encourages students to focus their energy on school," said company co-founder Jeremy Gelbart. "If they're as passionate about getting a grade in their class as they are about playing poker with their friends, I'm thrilled."

Of course, Gelbart, 23, would also be thrilled if the company makes money for him and his co-founder, Steven Wolf.

The two formed the idea for the company several years ago, when Gelbart and Wolf were hanging out one Sunday afternoon.

Then a student at the University of Pennsylvania, Gelbart told Wolf that he knew he could get an A on a test the next day but he didn't feel like studying.

To motivate Gelbart, Wolf told him that he'd give him $100 if he got an A on the test.

If he didn't get an A, Gelbart would have to pay Wolf $20.

"I'm going to study," Gelbart told him.

"We'll hang out after I take your money."

The two launched a pilot version of the company last year, taking bets from about 600 students at New York University and the University of Pennsylvania.

Representatives for Pitt and Penn State declined to comment on the idea of their students betting on their grades.

For the upcoming semester, Ultrinsic allows students to net a maximum of $50 per class. The company will determine how much a student would need to wager to win that $50, based on factors such as the student's grade point average, schedule and difPunxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 7

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KEITH

By Dave Sutor for Hometown magazine wo-hundred and seventy-two words, artfully woven together by President Abraham Lincoln on Nov. 19, 1863, provided a succinct, poignant and inspiring tribute to United States citizens who gave “the last full measure of devotion” to their country. Some eight decades later, a

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great respect for his memory. He was a proper American. He took his responsibility serious and did the best he could with it.”

Michael Strank, a sergeant in the United States Marine Corps, was killed a few days after the flag-raising on Iwo Jima.

“That’s what happens,” Anthony Strank lamented. “Some of us survived; some of us got killed off.”

Although Michael Strank died over a half-

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EMERGENCY: 911 8 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

A portion of The Gettysburg Cyclorama, painted by Paul Dominique Philippoteaux

Cambria County resident and five other young men planted an American flag in the nightmarish battle-scarred landscape of a small Pacific Ocean island.

Those events, The Gettysburg Address and Iwo Jima flag-raising, are two of the most memorable moments in American military history.

Lincoln gave his speech, one similar to Pericles’ Funeral Oration, when dedicating Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg, which was the location of the most important Civil War battle held in the North.

The words are instantly recognizable: “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

The flag-raising is as historically significant as Lincoln’s address.

On Feb. 23, 1945, Michael Strank, Franklin Sousley, Harlon Block, John Bradley, Rene Gagnon and Ira Hayes placed a flag atop Mount Suribachi during an intense World War II battle against the Japanese. Associated Press photographer Joe Rosenthal snapped what became a Pulitzer Prize-winning picture of the occurrence. The image soon appeared across the nation as part of the Seventh War Loan Drive.

Strank was born in Czechoslovakia before his family moved to the Johnstown area. His cousin, Anthony Strank, described him as a shy boy, excellent baseball player, nice young man that the girls liked, and a staunch individual.

“I always respected him,” said Anthony Strank, a veteran of the European Theater, who currently resides in Maryland. “I have

century ago at the young age of 25, his image still remains part of the country’s consciousness.

“Mike Strank¹s right hand tells me everything I need to know,” wrote James Bradley in the highly-acclaimed book “Flags of Our Fathers.” “He is behind and to the left of Franklin. His right shoulder is pressed against Franklin’s left. Their torsos are conjoined; their arms are reaching upward. Each boy has his left hand on the flagpole, and Franklin has his right hand on it as well. But the key to the image, at least for me, is Mike’s right hand closing on Franklin’s wrist. It is an image of almost unbearable delicacy and gentleness. That is Mike: the protector.”

Strank was part of Pennsylvania’s long and continuing connection to the United States military.

Battles in at least six different armed conflicts have taken place within Pennsylvania’s borders: French & Indian War, Pontiac’s War, Revolutionary War, Whiskey Rebellion, Civil War, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks.

Erie also served as an American naval base during the War of 1812.

The French & Indian War started as a clash between the French and British at what is the Point in modern-day Pittsburgh a position both nations sought to control because of its access to three rivers for shipping and transportation. From there, the battles expanded throughout the frontier regions and eventually grew into what British Prime Minister Winston Churchill called “the first world war” two centuries later.

George Washington served as a British - Continued on page 13

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10 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

Volunteers help healthy seniors stay in their homes L

By Jim Spencer Minneapolis Star Tribune

orraine Anderson's hip hurt so badly that the 82-year-old couldn't get out of a chair in her Minneapolis house.

But she didn't want to go to the doc-

tor.

"She was afraid they'd make her move out of her home," said Jean Gotfredson, a volunteer from Nokomis Healthy Seniors.

Healthy Seniors promised Anderson that if she sought medical care, they would do whatever they could to keep her living independently. And they did. Today, three months after a hip transplant, Anderson remains in the house where she has lived for 49 years.

Anderson depends on Nokomis Healthy Seniors, one of 43 local programs in Minnesota's Living at Home Network.

Using thousands of volunteers to do simple household tasks, the network kept 1,222 elderly Minnesotans out of nursing homes in 2008-09 and provided them with healthy, safe living options, its leaders say.

Caring for those same clients in nursing homes would have cost an additional $20 million -- much of it borne by taxpayers, the network's leaders say. Multiply that by the thousands of other frail, elderly Minnesotans -- a number that will skyrocket with the graying of Minnesota in the next two decades -- and the sums grow large.

"The need (for long-term care) is growing," said Dale Gandrud, a member of the board of Steele County Healthy Seniors in southern Minnesota. "Funding is going down. This is a way to multiply the dollars we have."

Some experts question the network's savings estimate -- and its adaptability. "For a program to be an alternative to nursinghome care, it has to be systematic," said Dr. Robert Kane, a long-term-care specialist at the University of Minnesota. In the Living at Home Network, he said, "people aren't chosen on the basis of need, but on the basis of geography."

As that debate continues, everyone agrees that Minnesota must do something to keep its exploding elderly population out of nursing homes for as long as possible to curtail the crushing costs of extended institutional care.

Tax dollars spent on seniors' long-term

care are projected to grow from roughly $1 billion in 2010 to $5 billion in 2035. In fiscal 2010, Minnesota spent $720 million on nursing-home care for the elderly, compared with $333 million on non-institutional care. By 2035, the state hopes to reverse the ratio, spending $3.5 billion on non-institutional care and $1.5 billion on nursing homes.

Count Anderson as a true believer in the strategy.

"I got something going every day," Anderson said of her arrangement with Nokomis Healthy Seniors. Some days it's a volunteer to give her a bath. Some days it's someone to pick up her prescription drugs.

Some days it's a person doing laundry or cutting grass.

"I never want to be without these girls," she said of the middle-aged volunteers who help her. "I doubt I could stay here without them."

Living at home is almost always cheaper and more comfortable than living in an institutional setting, said Kristen Whittenbaugh. She directs Nokomis Healthy Seniors, which serves 502 senior citizens on an annual budget of $165,000.

By comparison, in 2009 the average cost of a private room in a Minnesota nursing home was $54,750 a year, according to MetLife insurance company. In the Twin Cities, the annual average was $62,780.

The Living at Home Network, once called the Block Nurse Program and the Elderberry Institute, dates to 1981. Recently renamed, the loosely organized network just changed its budgeting and management to reaffirm its original mission, which allows localities to develop unique programs with the common goal of keeping the elderly out of nursing homes.

What it takes to keep senior citizens in their homes can be beguilingly simple and inexpensive. And whether most seniors would prefer to live independently is a nobrainer.

In Owatonna, Minn., the network has helped Francie Drake keep her Alzheimer's-afflicted mom and physically delicate dad, both 84, out of institutional care.

"I quit my job to take care of my parents," said Drake, who did so nearly four years ago. Volunteers from Healthy Seniors of Steele County "give me the sanity time that makes me able to do this."

Drake needs volunteers to shop for gro- Continued on next page

Businesses need back-up plan in case of data loss

By Bruce Freeman Scripps Howard News Service ear Professor Bruce: I own a small business and am wondering what steps to take to plan and recover from a disaster. I'm concerned about things like data loss and maintaining operations and need advice about how to stay in business in the event of a disaster.

Answer: Today, every business, no matter the size, needs a strategy to ensure business continuity in the event of a disaster.

According to AMI's U.S. Small Business 2009 Annual Review, 70 percent of U.S. small businesses experienced a data loss in the past year due to technical or human disaster alone. In fact, something as minor as a power outage can be disastrous for a small business owner. Yet few busi-

D

nesses plan to minimize the risk. According to Jim Lippie, vice president of Staples Network Services, the first step is to understand how much data you need to back up and then you can work on an evaluation process determining what type of back-up solution to implement that features disaster recovery and business continuity components. He also suggests the following strategies to help your business prepare for a crisis situation.

Communicate to Employees: Identify who is responsible for "making the call" regarding the nature and type of emergency and empower that person to notify employees when conditions warrant.

This person should determine the level of crisis and what the next steps will be. Once the level of crisis is determined and com-

municated, you will need to estimate the duration of the situation. For example, severe weather and power outages are usually short in duration. Alternately, a flu pandemic can last significantly longer, and would therefore require a different type of plan.

Handling the Emergency: For short-term emergencies, you will want a way to inform your employees of the status of work -- will business be open that day and operational, will a skeleton crew be required, or will the facility be completely closed. To keep business running for a short duration emergency employees will probably need to access key business information and have the ability to respond to incoming requests from customers. If your technology infrastructure is equipped with a remote access solution like Terminal Services, remember to test it and make sure all employees know how to use it.

Test Your Plan: Planning ahead is the most important step in handling business crisis situations. Who makes the decisions when a business crisis is identified, how do you communicate the emergency situation to your employees, and how do you empower your staff to continue to perform their job duties even when they cannot be in the office are decisions that every business owner must make.

For further information, please visit www.staples.com (Bruce Freeman, The Small Business Professor, is president of ProLine Communications, a marketing and public relations firm in Livingston, NJ and author of "Birthing the Elephant" (Ten Speed Press).

E-mail questions Bruce@SmallBusinessProf.com.)

•••

Volunteers help Continued from previous page

ceries, to accompany her parents to church and sometimes to stay with her parents when other issues require her attention.

Drake can't afford to pay for those services.

"Right now, the state is spending huge amounts to keep people in institutions," she said. By expanding the Living at Home Network, "the state could save money."

It remains to be seen if the network can provide a viable statewide alternative to nursing homes. But it does seem to meet many of the criteria set by skeptics such as Kane. First, it offers relief to family members, who make up perhaps 90 percent of long-term caregivers. Second, it focuses on community-based services that delay or avert the move to institutional care, which Kane calls crucial. Third, it recognizes that services needed to keep seniors at home are neither exclusively medical nor terribly sophisticated.

Key to the network's economical philosophy is its ability to recruit volunteers.

Edna Ringhofer, executive director of Healthy Seniors of Steele County, has overseen an increase from 85 clients to 1,100 since she took over in 2007. Her annual budget is $163,000. Most work is done for free by 340 volunteers.

"It's kind of like 'It takes a village to keep a senior citizen out of a nursing home,' " Ringhofer said.

Added state board member Bryce Wahl: "It's neighbors looking after neighbors."

(E-mail jim.spencer(at)startribune.com.)

(Distributed by Scripps Howard News Service, www.scrippsnews.com.)

•••

Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 11

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Health risks under Friday night lights F

By Bill Maxwell St. Petersburg Times

riday nights in most cities and towns across the nation will echo with the sounds of high school football: the thuds and whacks of shoulder pads and helmets colliding.

Along with the action and the excitement, however, are serious dangers for the approximately 1.4 million teenagers competing on the fields.

Everyone, especially parents, should be concerned.

Until recently, the major focus had been on injuries that could be seen or touched -broken bones, sprains, muscle strains and torn ligaments. Now medical professionals and coaches are paying more attention to the concussions high school players sustain during practice and games.

Experts have learned plenty about the debilitating longterm medical risks of concussions for National Football League players, but not much is known about the long-term risks to high school players.

What is known, though, is that one of every four players 18 or younger suffers a concussion of some kind, a statistic that is higher than ever. No one has followed high school players systematically for a decade or more, as has been the case with NFL players, to determine the effects of concussions, wrote Kevin Guskiewicz of the University of North Carolina, who is a member of the National Athletic Trainers' Association.

Based on evidence related to NFL players, Guskiewicz wrote: "One would assume a high school player who likewise had three or more (concussions) during his high school years would potentially be predisposed to some of these same long-term neurodegenerative conditions that NFL players are."

A lot of factors are responsible for the increasing number of traumatic head injuries among young players: The number of players greatly increases every year. Players are getting bigger, faster and stronger. As a result, the force and the frequency of blocks and tackles are rising.

At the same time, researchers report, while many coaches encourage their players to hit hard, they are not teaching them the safest ways to protect their heads. When you add the "toughness" factor to the mix, teams wind up with potentially deadly sit-

uations. Football players define themselves by their toughness, their willingness to give their all to their teams. They will do almost anything to contribute to victory. They never want to be taken out of a game, and coaches do not want to lose their stars and risk defeat.

A defensive lineman for an Illinois high school told a New York Times reporter: "You've got to sacrifice for the team. The only way I come out is on a stretcher."

Too often, players keep head injuries to themselves. When coaches do not know a player has been dinged, they are left in the dark. One result, according to studies, is that nine out of 10 concussions are not diagnosed. To make matters worse, too many players are routinely sent back into action before they are healed.

Most experts agree that better helmets can help reduce the number and seriousness of concussions among high school players.

U n f o r t u n a t e l y, there has not been a testing program that has produced results researchers can agree on that would most benefit high school players.

What, then, are the best ways to reduce the risk of long-term brain injuries to young players?

Medical professionals and others say that players, coaches and parents need to learn how to recognize the symptoms of concussions and not hesitate to yank players off the field. Players must be kept on the bench until a trusted health professional gives the OK for them to return to competition. Coaches must teach players the safest techniques on offense and defense. And coaches are advised to reduce the number of practices in which players make heavy contact. Evidence shows that where full contact is reduced to one day a week, teams perform just as well.

Yes, football season is nearing, and the excitement is building. Everyone involved in the sport should be mindful of the future health of the children on the field. Concussions should be of particular concern.

When it comes to players and concussions, one old coach said it all: "When in doubt, sit them out."

(Bill Maxwell is a columnist for the St. Petersburg Times. E-mail bmaxwell@sptimes.com) (Distributed by Scripps Howard News Service, http://www.scrippsnews.com) •••

Pennsylvania: Battlegrounds Continued from page 8 lieutenant colonel during the conflict. In July 1754, he surrendered Fort Necessity, located in modern-day Fayette County. It was the first and only time Washington ever surrendered during his illustrious military career.

In the truce terms, the 22-year-old Washington admitted to assassinating French Canadian Ensign Joseph Coulon de Jumonville earlier in the year, although he soon denied the claim and stated the translation he received described the incident as “death of” or “killing.”

The French & Indian War became part of a larger international conflict the Seven Years War that involved Prussia, Austria, Russia and other European powers. Battles occurred in the colonies, Europe, India and elsewhere.

Great Britain eventually defeated France in North America.

Hostilities between all the parties finally ended in 1763 after the Treaty of Saint Petersburg, Treaty of Paris, and Treaty of Hubertusburg were signed.

“At the end, Britain was strengthened throughout not only in America but all over the world,” said Martin West, the current executive director of Fort Ligonier, a key British fortification during the French & Indian War. The same area of Pennsylvania became an important battleground during Pontiac’s War. Following the French & Indian War, Britain gained control of land previously called New France. Many Indians from the Great Lakes region, including Pontiac an Ottawa chief, resented the new policies enacted by the British, who treated the natives like conquered people.

In response, the Indians attacked numerous fortifications, including Fort Pitt at the Point.

Upon learning soldiers, under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet, were marching toward Pittsburgh from the east, the Indian warriors advanced to meet them.

A confrontation took place at Bushy Run, located in what is now Westmoreland County, on August 5-6, 1763. The British produced a decisive victory, which led to them securing the region and ultimately gaining control of the frontier. “[The result of the war] completely threw the balance of power in favor of the colonists,” said Bushy Run Battlefield Museum facilitator Lauren Buches.

Many British military men gained valuable experience and training throughout those conflicts that served them well during the Revolutionary War. Washington was one of them.

He commanded the Continental Army during the war for independence, including when troops survived a brutal, disease-filled, hungry winter (1777-1778) encamped at Valley Forge.

Later, as the United States’ first president, Washington used a federalized militia force to quell the Whiskey Rebellion that happened mainly in southwestern Pennsylvania during the early 1790s. The insurrection started when farmers opposed a federal excise tax on whiskey. The tax exacerbated an already-existing tension between frontiersmen and government officials from the eastern section of the country.

The rebellion collapsed right around the time 13,000 federal troops arrived in the region. Displaying military might, along with arresting rebels and demanding loyalty oaths, provided an unambiguous sign of the new federal government’s control. “In sup-

pressing western Pennsylvania during the Whiskey Rebellion, the federal government showed that it had the will and power to assert federal authority anywhere in the country, even on its fractious and vulnerable frontier,” said William Hogeland, author of the book “The Whiskey Rebellion.”

[This article is the second installment in a seven-part “Hometown” series called “A Look at Pennsylvania.”]

•••

Robinson Brothers Continued from page 5

Iron Company for six years. He married Nancy Mitchell Ammon, daughter of Judge James Mitchell, of Punxsutawney. They moved to Australia where he spent several years and opening a number of mines for an English Coal Mining Syndicate. Their next residence was in New South Wales where he opened mines for another English Syndicate.

Upon their return to Punxsutawney, he merged two local machine shops into the Punxsutawney Foundry and Machine Company which he continued to operate until his death.

E.W. Robinson, like his brother, used his engineering degree to improve operations.

In 1906 he applied for and received a patent for a “rail-bond.” The rail-bond improved the electrical connection between the car and the rail on the electric railway. This innovation improved the operation of the Jefferson Traction Company’s cars on Punxsutawney’s local transit system.

E.W. Robinson was active in the community and served on borough council.

The third Robinson brother to leave his mark on Punxsutawney was Leoni Warren Robinson. His specialty was architecture.

He attended high school in New Haven and studied in French’s Prepatory School before entering the office of R.G. Hatfield, a New York City architect. He worked in Washington, D.C. with in the supervising architect office and traveled abroad to increase his knowledge of the profession. His specialty was in designing public buildings.

Leoni W. Robinson married Mina DeMoss, sister of Ruth, who married Lucius W. Robinson. They also had three children, Lewis, Margaret and Faith. He and his family lived in New Haven, Connecticut.

Leoni W. Robinson was engaged to design the “new” Adrian Hospital in 1897. This hospital was constructed on Jenks Avenue and served the community for many years.

These members of the Robinson family, brought here by coal, contributed their talents and their work to the development and improvement of Punxsutawney.

(Editor’s Note: The resources used in the preparation of this article are available the Punxsutawney Memorial Library and the Punxsutawney Area Historical and Genealogical Society. This article has been prepared by PRIDE – Punxsutawney Revitalization: Investing, Developing, Enhancing. PRIDE is a nonprofit organization which brings together residents, business people, community leaders and civic organizations, to improve the business districts in Punxsutawney. PRIDE is working to develop a Coal Memorial and Welcome Center for the Punxsutawney Area. Comments on this article may be directed to PRIDE, P.O. Box 298, Punxsutawney, PA 15767, or you may 814-938-2493 and leave a message. A PRIDE volunteer will return you call.)

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Being insensitive to mark Hiroshima anniversary

By Dan K. Thomasson Scripps Howard News Service ome 25 years ago I was asked to speak at a ceremony marking the 40th anniversary of the death of the famous war correspondent, Ernie Pyle, who had been killed by a Japanese sniper on a small island off Okinawa in the last days of World War II. The memorial was held in the Punch Bowl, the national military cemetery overlooking Honolulu.

It was a mid-morning affair that attracted more than a thousand spectators, most of them veterans of the bloody campaigns in the Pacific from Guadalcanal to Iwo Jima and Okinawa - all of them "Ernie's boys.'' In the mist and sunshine of a glorious Hawaii morning with the weathered faces of America's best generation surrounding me in campaign hats and medals, it was one of the most humbling experiences I have ever had.

I recalled that day and the memories of loved ones lost during that bleak time of my boyhood as I read that Barack Obama had deployed the American ambassador to Japan as an official delegate to the 65th anniversary of the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima, a decision that at best can only be described as insensitive to the feelings of millions of Americans who still remember vividly the pain and anguish caused by the Japanese Empire in World War II. How surprising that Obama, who grew up not far from the sacred ground of Pearl Harbor and the cemetery where the victims of Japanese treachery lie, would become the first American chief executive to do so since the conflict in the Pacific ended in August of 1945 with the only two atomic detonations in anger in history. One might blame the president's lack of perception or his youthful ignorance of the death and destruction caused by one of the world's most ruthless regimes if it weren't for the place of his birth and that he is too bright not to understand.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which came a few days later when the Japanese warlords failed to get the message of the first bomb, were the direct result of the Empire's perfidiousness and the xenophobic culture of its citizens. The military industrial complex that brutalized much of Asia for more than

S

a decade, killing millions, had loosed the furies that in the end brought about the horror that was visited on these two cities and their residents. The dead and dying there were victims of their own government, not the United States.

No matter what revisionists would have us believe, without that ultimate retribution, America and its allies faced the loss of up to a million men and women in the invasion of the Japanese home islands where the fanatical leaders were prepared for whatever it took to resist, including the immediate murder of prisoners of war. President Harry Truman had little choice other than to give the order that ultimately would change the world and its balance of power.

There might have been some justification for the appearance of an American official at these ceremonies had there ever been such an official presence from the Japanese at any Pearl Harbor memorial or any admission of guilt in the horrendous atrocities committed on the Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos and Burmese. The mass beheadings and rapes at Nanking are only one small example.

As far as I know, no official Japanese wreath has been laid at the tomb of the U.S.S. Arizona where American sailors rest, true victims one and all.

That April morning in 1985 with the bands from Pearl and Schofield Barracks playing solemnly and the shafts of morning lights filtering through the trees I confess I couldn't hide my emotions. In making that short speech as the representative of a company for which Pyle had worked nearly all his professional career and which had lost eight other correspondents covering this awful conflict, I cried. Those brave veterans quite clearly forgave me. Whether or not the few remaining now will forgive Obama for his failure to demand the same respect for his nation's victims is anyone's guess.

The U.S. and Japan are allies now and have settled most of their differences, as they should have. But some injuries take longer to heal and should.

(E-mail Dan K. Thomasson, former editor of the Scripps Howard News Service, at thomassondan@aol.com.)

•••

Feeling Right at Home!

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Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 15

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16 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

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By Andrea Weigl Raleigh News and Observer

anning's comeback seems here to stay. Equipment sales are up, cookbooks are selling and home cooks, from beginners to experts, are enjoying the pleasure of a well-filled jar.

And as home cooks who took tentative first steps in this art of food preservation gain confidence, they are exploring new flavor combinations, such as herb-infused jellies and peach-ginger preserves.

Even recent canning converts are experimenting. Mary Wooten, 40, who lives in Indian Trail, N.C., 15 miles southeast of Charlotte, had never considered canning, remembering the work involved from watching her grandparents. "It just seemed so labor-intensive," Wooten says.

Then this summer, Wooten hosted a party sponsored by Ball canning company via houseparty.com.

The company shipped her a canner, rack, utensils, coupons for free jars, cookbooks and more. Seven women, most of them canning novices, gathered to make salsa and pepper jelly. They had so much fun that they agreed to meet in October for a "jam session" to make presents for their children's teachers.

"I have totally fallen in love with this," says Wooten, who has since made pomegranate and pineapple jellies. "It is something that lasts longer than a plate of cookies."

There are so many people buying supplies that veteran canner Penny Walker, 56, has

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had trouble finding enough. "I think everybody must be canning," Walker says. "I've had a hard time finding lids these days."

Walker sells jams, pickles and other canned goods at the Franklin County Farmers Market, 30 miles north of Raleigh, N.C. Sales of preserving products, such as Ball brand jars, are up almost 10 percent this year, after two years of significant double-digit growth, says SymphonyIRI, which tracks sales at food, drug and mass-market retail outlets.

Canning products are cropping up at Big Lots, Lowe's Home Improvement and other retailers. About half a dozen canning cookbooks were released this year.

And phones are ringing at county agricultural extension offices, with consumers asking about how to can safely.

Who makes up this new breed of canners, and why?

Women between 39 and 55 who live in more urban areas, says Brenda Schmidt, a brand manager at Jarden Home Brands, which makes Ball brand jars and foodpreservation products.

"They are canning for very different reasons than our grandmothers canned," Schmidt says.

That would be necessity. Canning was invented during the Napoleonic wars almost 200 years ago; until the mid-20th century, when freezers became household fixtures, it was the only way to preserve food for any length of time.

This new generation has other motivations for canning. Some want to control salt, sugar and other preservatives in the foods they eat.

Some want to support local farmers and "put up" -- as we call it in the South -- locally grown produce at its tastiest. Some enjoy making homemade gifts. Others are drawn to the trend because of the economic downturn.

And some enjoy the creativity of tinkering with flavors. Raleigh cookbook author Debbie Moose has been canning for a decade.

She started with jams and has graduated to pickles, relishes and jellies, the latter being the one she's experimented with the most.

"Since I had that process mastered, I knew what I could and couldn't do," she says.

Moose has turned thyme and rose tea into jelly, made batches of lavender jelly, even combined store-bought juices to make jelly.

For Chapel Hill, N.C., cookbook author Jean Anderson, apple jelly is a good starting - Continued on page 20

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Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 17

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814-618-5248 18 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

(Editor’s Note: ‘From Our Past,’ researched by S. Thomas Curry, features items of interest from past editions of Punxsutawney and area newspapers.)

September 2, 1891 — The Punxsutawney Glass Works had expected to begin the manufacture of bottles the first of this month but the fruit jar trade is so good that bottle-making will be deferred several weeks. We are glad to see that Punxsutawney fruit jars are in such demand as it is evidence that they are well made. - Punxsutawney News September 2, 1885 — We have been requested by some property owners to call the attention of the High Constable to the fact that the ordinance which prohibits cows from running at large within the borough limits from 6 o’clock, p. m. until 6 o’clock, a.m., is being disregarded by many, and that in consequence of their violation several gardens have been damaged and in one instance destroyed. - Punxsutawney Spirit September 8, 1897 — Father Clement Wienker, of Punxsutawney is without a doubt the hardest working clergyman in this part of Pennsylvania. His congregation is decidedly mixed, there being

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Americans, Germans, Italians, Hungarians and Slavs. Each Sunday he reads the lesson of the day at both masses in five languages and follows with a five minute instruction to each class of his flock in their mother tongue. He is one of the rural deans of the Erie diocese and one of the most popular priests in Western Pennsylvania. For many years Father Wienker was stationed at Brookville. - Punxsutawney News September 12, 1916 — Haese & Company’s new salesroom on North Findley street is about completed and will be open for business this week. The front has been repainted, and the front and interior remodeled, and an electric flag, which when illuminated gives the appearance of waving, tops on the front.

The flag is a handsome one and materially aids in beautifying Findley street at night especially. - Punxsutawney Spirit September 28, 1906 — The Wm. Irvin Company’s locomotive for their log road arrived Saturday night and stood in front of the station Sunday where it was the object of considerable attention. It is of a type entirely new in this section; while of the “stem wind coffee mill” variety it is a great deal improved over the old type. - Big Run Tribune •••

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Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 19

Canning novices Continued from page 16

point for flavorful additions. Plus, the apples have enough natural pectin that you don't have to add commercial pectin to make jelly.

Anderson's book, "The Green Thumb Preserving Guide," lists such apple-jelly variations as rose geranium, lemon verbena, tarragon, rosemary and sage.

If you want to experiment, the key, Anderson says, is to not to change the ratios. For jams, jellies and preserves, don't alter the amounts of acid, sugar and fruit or fruit juice.

In pickling, don't change the proportions of vinegar, water and produce. But she says you can tweak flavors.

Follow those rules, Anderson says, and canning novices should feel emboldened. She says, "Tell people, 'Fear not.' " PEACH GINGER PRESERVES

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427-2025 Rt. 119 between Big Run & Sykesville 20 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

4 cups diced peaches, peeled 2 tablespoons lemon juice 1-1/2 tablespoons shredded fresh ginger 1 pack pectin 5-1/2 cups sugar

Place diced peaches, lemon juice, ginger and pectin in a pot. Over high heat, bring to a strong boil. Add sugar and, stirring frequently, bring to a rolling boil. Check for signs of jelling. If the mixture runs off your spoon or spatula like water, more boiling is needed. If it runs off like teardrop drips, go 30 seconds to a minute longer.

Pack in clean hot pint jars, leaving 1/4-inch head space. Process in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes. Remove from canner, let stand until cool to room temperature.

Yield: 6 half-pint jars -- Adapted from "Putting Up: A Year-Round Guide to Canning in the Southern Tradition,"

by Stephen Palmer Dowdney (Gibbs Smith, 2008) THYME-ROSE TEA JELLY 8 rosehips tea bags 2 tablespoons fresh thyme leaves 3-1/2 cups sugar 1/4 cup white vinegar 1 tablespoon lemon juice 1 pouch liquid pectin

Bring 2 quarts of water to a boil. Add the tea bags and thyme leaves. Let steep 15 minutes. Strain into a large pitcher, discarding tea bags and thyme. Let cool to room temperature.

Place tea, sugar, vinegar and lemon juice in a large pot and bring to a boil. Add pectin; bring back to a boil. It is done when it starts to jell: The jelly drips off a spoon in larger thick droplets.

Pour in half-pint jars and process for 5 minutes in a boiling water bath. Remove from canner. Let stand until cool to room temperature.

Yield: 6-8 half-pint jars -- Raleigh News & Observer columnist Debbie Moose (www.debbiemoose.com) PRESERVED FIGS WITH STAR ANISE AND BAY 3 pounds figs, stems trimmed and halved 1 lemon 2-1/2 cups sugar 3/4 cup water 6 whole star anise 1 bay leaf

Place figs in a nonreactive bowl. Remove several wide strips of lemon zest with a carrot peeler; then slice lemons into thick slices.

Bring sugar and water to a boil with the lemon zest, star anise and bay and boil slowly for 5 minutes, stirring at first to dissolve the sugar. Pour syrup over the figs, squeeze over the lemon juice, and leave them to stand overnight, covered, in a cool place.

Transfer figs to a wide saucepan. Gently bring them to a boil and cook slowly for the better part of 2 hours. Occasionally check the figs and give them a stir so that they are all submerged, taking care not to break them.

Prepare canning jars in boiling water to sterilize them; then ladle in the figs, covering with syrup. Process in a boiling water bath for 10 minutes. Remove from canner. Let stand until cool to room temperature.

Yield: 6-8 half-pint jars -- "The Savory Way," by Deborah Madison (Broadway, 1998) SWEET YELLOW SQUASH PICKLES 3 to 3-1/2 pounds tender young straight-neck yellow squash, trimmed, scrubbed, and sliced 1/4-inch thick 4 to 4-1/2 pounds silverskin onions, peeled and thinly sliced 1/2 cup pickling salt 6 cups crushed ice 3-1/2 cups sugar 2 cups white distilled vinegar 2 cups cider vinegar 2 teaspoons mustard seeds 1-3/4 teaspoons celery seeds 1-3/4 teaspoons ground turmeric

Although the recipe calls for straight-neck yellow squash, I used crookneck with excellent results. The sliced squash and onions should be about 12 cups each. The recipe calls for pickling salt, which is free of additives and can be purchased with other canning supplies.

Layer the sliced squash and onions in a very large nonreactive bowl, sprinkling each layer with salt. Pile the ice on top, set the bowl in the sink and let stand 3 hours.

Drain squash and onions, transfer to a very large colander, and rinse under the cold tap.

Drain well. Then, using the bowl of a ladle, press out as much liquid as possible.

Wash and rinse 8 one-pint preserving jars and their closures and submerge in a large kettle of boiling water.

Bring sugar, white and cider vinegars, mustard and celery seeds and turmeric to a rolling boil in a large nonreactive kettle. Add squash and onions and, stirring gently, return to the boil.

Lift preserving jars from the boiling water one by one. Pack with pickles, making sure they are submerged in the pickling liquid and leaving 1/4-inch head space at the top of the jar. Run a thin blade spatula around the inside of the jar to release the air bubbles; wipe the jar rim with a clean, damp cloth, then screw on the closure. Repeat until all jars are filled.

Process jars for 10 minutes in a boiling water bath. Lift from water bath; complete the seals, if necessary, by tightening the lids, then cool to room temperature.

Yield: 6 to 8 pints -- "My Love Affair with Southern Cooking," by Jean Anderson, William Morrow, 2007 (andrea.weig@newsobserver.com.)

(Distributed by Scripps Howard News Service, www.scrippsnews.com.)

•••

Social Security, at 75, strained by recession, boomers

By Anita Creamer Sacramento Bee velyn Sekula's widowed grandmother struggled to survive during the Depression. Like millions of other elderly people, she had no pension and no savings.

"She had no income at all except for what my father gave her"-- maybe $10 a month, said Sekula, 90, who lives in a senior residence in Sacramento County, Calif.

Today's older adults were youngsters when President Franklin D. Roosevelt changed the face of aging by signing the Social Security Act into law on Aug. 14, 1935.

E

each recipient today; that number will drop to 2.1 by 2034, according to the Social Security Administration.

The 2010 trustees' report suggests that gradual increases in employment numbers, along with a new health insurance tax later this decade, will improve the program's fi-

nancial picture.

Research consistently shows deep public support for Social Security, not only among the elderly but also among younger generations.

But without significant change -- either through privatization into investment accounts, as some advocates say; or by raising the minimum age for full benefits and lifting the payroll tax cap on income above $106,800, as others suggest -- the public remains plagued with concerns about Social Security's long-term viability.

Earlier this summer, House Republican leader John Boehner questioned whether the federal government should be giving Social Security benefits to the wealthy. "If you have substantial, non-Social Security income while you're retired, why are we paying you?" he said in an interview with

October 2 & 3 2010

- Continued on page 24

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DR. IAN CASTEEL They remember when old age took place in a bleak, Dickensian landscape of need.

They remember the difference that Social Security made in ordinary people's lives.

And they remember their parents' fears that Social Security amounted to socialism. Yet on the eve of the program's 75th anniversary Saturday, most of them can't imagine retirement without the small cushion of funds and dignity that it provides.

Social Security lifted the elderly out of poverty -- and as the most important source of income for most older Americans, it continues to do so, says Jean Ross, executive director of the California Budget Project.

But the recession has had a negative impact on Social Security, according to a trustees' report released last week. Reduced payroll taxes have resulted in Social Security's first projected annual deficit since 1983. Despite that, both the trustees and the Congressional Budget Office say that the program will remain solvent until 2037.

The huge demographic bubble of baby boomer retirees will take a toll on Social Security, as well. There are 3.2 workers for

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From Sandlots to the Big Leagues, Baseball’s Beginnings in Punx’y H

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istorians of American history have determined the game of baseball became popular in the northeastern states of America, the New England region, “in the 1820s and 1830s.”

From local writings and “recollections” often printed in old Punxsutawney newspapers, and from brief sports accounts in the

old Wool Sock. I cut the Gum Show into narrow strips, wound it into a ball, raveled out the sock and wound that over the gum until it was as large as I wanted it then I cut a cover out of the Boot leg and got a needle and some Black patent thread and sewed the cover on myself. I sometimes put a cad Bullet (sic) in the center to make them heavier.”

There were no gloves then. The bat was much heavier. And John Bair recalled “Ball

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Boys and men as “base ballists”in Punxsutawney were playing baseball on available fields, such as the Public Park (Barclay Square) as seen in a circa 1868 photo, with buildings on Mahoning Street. In the late 1880s a field on the “fairgrounds” was also used.

Speed and Sport Cycle Center Rt. 436 • 430 S. Main St., Punx’y • 938-8780 or 938-6952 SALES • PARTS • SERVICE Cylinder Boring • PA State Inspection *Customer Cash offer good on select 2010 (and prior year) models between 8/1/10-9/30/10. **Finance offer subject to credit approval, applies to purchases of new Yamaha Motorcycles, ATVs & Scooters made on a Yamaha Installment Financing loan account from 8/1/10-9/30/10. Minimum contract length is 24 months and maximum length is 36 months. Minimum amount financed is $5,000. Fixed APR of 3.99%, 5.99%, 6.99%, or 12.99% will be assigned based on credit approval criteria. Monthly payments per $1,000 financed based on 36 month term are $29.52 at 3.99%, $30.42 at 5.99%, $30.87 at 6.99%, and $33.69 at 12.99%. Offer good only in the U.S., excluding the state of Hawaii. Some models shown with optional accessories. Dress properly for your ride with a helmet, eye protection, gloves and boots. Do not drink and ride. It is illegal and dangerous. Yamaha and the Motorcycle Safety Foundation encourage you to ride safely and respect the environment. For further information regarding the MSF course, please call 1-800-446-9227. ©2010 Yamaha Motor Corp. U.S.A. All rights reserved. yamaha-motor.com

22 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

Published 08/10

19th century papers, there can be some Bats were made out of a piece of a board. sense of history credited to “base ball” in They were flat not round like they are now.“ the Punxsutawney area.

One valuable writing is that of John Bair, a local businessman who had a major department store until 1910 on the corner of North Gilpin Street and West Mahoning Street.

A couple of years before his death in 1922 he shared many early memories of Punxsutawney when he was a young man in the village.

Born in 1844, his memories detail much of life in Punx’y after the village incorporated as a borough in 1850.

“Games and sports were abandoned to a great extent during the [Civil] war. A few years after, Base ball was introduced and has been the rage ever since. The contest in match games and the element of gambling that goes along with the way of conducting the games makes it exciting and popular [circa 1919] which was not so prominent a feature in the old time games. In the old times, games and sports little equipment except a hand-made ball and board or were for exercise and recreation.” With stick for a bat,” young men and boys were beginning to play Bair described his preparation for “Base Ball” for amusement in the Punxsutawney area after the popular outdoor game of sum- the Civil War. mer. With no stores where a boy could buy his baseball equipment, as little In 1845 there were no restrictions on bat as it was, he made it himself. In his own size or shape. By 1863 baseball rules words he wrote: “I went in to my fathers stated: “The bat must be round and of wood.

Carpenter Shop and made Wagons, Sleds, Its width is still limited to 2 1/2 inches, but Ball Bats & etc. for myself. Mother made its length is not restricted.” In 1895 the Balls for us at first but I soon learned to maximum diameter of the bat is increased make them myself. When I made a ball I to 2 3/4 inches, where it remains today. (For got an old Gum Shoe, an old Boot and an

- Continued on page 25

Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 23

Social security Continued from page 21

Speed and Sport Cycle Center Rt. 436 • 430 S. Main St., Punx’y • 938-8780 or 938-6952 SALES • PARTS • SERVICE Cylinder Boring PA State Inspection *Customer Cash offer good on select 2010 (and prior year) models between 8/1/10-9/30/10. **Finance offer subject to credit approval, applies to purchases of new Yamaha Motorcycles, ATVs & Scooters made on a Yamaha Installment Financing loan account from 8/1/10-9/30/10. Minimum contract length is 24 months and maximum length is 36 months. Minimum amount financed is $5,000. Fixed APR of 3.99%, 5.99%, 6.99%, or 12.99% will be assigned based on credit approval criteria. Monthly payments per $1,000 financed based on 36 month term are $29.52 at 3.99%, $30.42 at 5.99%, $30.87 at 6.99%, and $33.69 at 12.99%. Offer good only in the U.S., excluding the state of Hawaii. Dress properly for your ride with a helmet, eye protection, gloves and boots. Do not drink and ride. It is illegal and dangerous. Yamaha and the Motorcycle Safety Foundation encourage you to ride safely and respect the environment. For further information regarding the MSF course, please call 1-800-446-9227. ATVs with engine sizes over 90cc are recommended for use only by riders age 16 years and older. Yamaha recommends that all ATV riders take an approved training course. For safety and training information, see your dealer or call the ATV Safety Institute at 1-800-887-2887. ATVs can be hazardous to operate. For your safety: Always avoid paved surfaces. Never ride on public roads. Always wear a helmet, eye protection and protective clothing; never carry passengers; never engage in stunt riding; riding and alcohol/drugs don’t mix; avoid excessive speed; and be particularly careful on difficult terrain. ©2010 Yamaha Motor Corp. U.S.A. All rights reserved. yamaha-motor.com Published 08/10

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HOMETOWN MAGAZINE

the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review.

The Ohio Republican also suggested raising the retirement age to 70.

"Our view is that Social Security is not perfect, but it's not broken," said AARP California's Ernie Powell. "The folks who want to do radical reform want to create doubts that Social Security will be there. ...

It's not in crisis, but there are reforms that we need to make to make sure its solvency continues beyond the 2040s."

For more than 51 million Americans -- including disabled workers and children receiving survivor benefits -- Social Security isn't a hot-button political talking point. It's survival.

The average benefit isn't much: only $1,100 a month. According to Social Security figures, half of elderly married couples receive 52 percent of their income from the program, as do almost 75 percent of elderly single people.

Without Social Security, 40 percent of Californians aged 65 and older would live in poverty.

Retirement these days can be tough enough with Social Security. Without it, would retirement even exist? For most people, probably not.

"Social Security was the first government program instituting the concept that we have a collective responsibility for each other," said Barbara Gillogly, who heads the gerontology department at American River College in Sacramento. "Before that, there was no real concept of retirement.

Most people worked until they died or were too ill, and then they were at the mercy of their family and friends."

In the desperate 1930s, the elderly often ended up begging on the streets.

"A lot of older people in the Depression were starving to death," Gillogly said.

"People with no other means of survival could go to poor farms."

For those who couldn't, going to the county poorhouse was a sign of disgrace.

Yet census records from the 1930s show that poorhouses across the country were filled with people in their 60s, 70s and 80s.

Of the 6.5 million elderly Americans alive in 1935, only 350,000 had any sort of pension. The Social Security Administration arbitrarily fixed retirement age at 65, based on European pension models from the 1880s that were predicated on a low life expectancy.

The government also hoped Social Security payments would stimulate the dismal late Depression economy by getting more money into circulation, Gillogly said.

Olivia Sparrevohn, 83, remembers that Social Security made a difference in her grandmother's life. Carrie King Cralle was 68 in 1935, a widow who worked as a secretary and cared for an invalid daughter.

Monthly Social Security payments didn't begin until 1940. Before that, recipients were paid a lump sum. Even so, by 1940, 1 million older Americans had received money from the program.

"Suddenly, my granny got this check," said Sparrevohn, a retired technical illustrator who lives in Elk Grove. "She was very frugal. I know that check was small, but ... I can remember clearly that it was a big thing to her."

(E-mail Sacramento Bee reporter Anita Creamer at acreamer@sacbee.com.)

(Distributed by Scripps Howard News Service, www.scrippsnews.com.)

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HOMETOWN 100% of the homes MAGAZINE 938-0312 24 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

PUNxSUTAWNEY NATIONAL BANK MEETING in the home of George Brown. (left to right) Henry Brown, George Brown, Banks Young, Harry Philliber, Jesse Long, Ray Bowers, Harvey Bowers, Penn McCartney, Pierre Smith. (Photo from the collection of Jay Philliber)

Sandlots to the Big Leagues

1868 edition “BASE BALL - On Saturday last, a number of our young men, principally members of the Forest Club, made a Continued from page 22 visit to Indiana to witness a game of Base Ball ...” more rule changes see But by June of 1870 the paper’s editors BaseballLibrary.com) were pleading: “We notice that Base Ball Another memory about early baseball was clubs all over the State have reorganized, shared in 1909, in the Punxsutawney Spirit, and they are now having lively games

by George Tyson of Big Run. Reflecting everywhere. But what has become of the about the game when he was young, ac“Forest” club? Punxsutawney used to boast cording to Tyson baseball in Big Run was of the best clubs in four or five counties...” first played in 1876, the first “diamond” laid A month later the newspaper was reporting out near where the Big Run grist mill stood.

“Our “base ballists” have commenced opThe first game in Big Run was played erations. Several games were played duragainst Punxsutawney. Mr. Tyson was the ing the past week.”

Where at first the game was run by amateurs, by the 1870s and 1880s it became more intense, with rivalries developing between the local teams and the baseball clubs of n e a r b y towns. The Valley News would claim on August Several young men who played on organized Punx’y baseball teams in the 1890s and 25, 1886 early 1900s would be picked to play on professional big-league teams of the National “The base and American League. ball mania has been raging at its heighth in this place pitcher in that game. In those days, he the past ten days. added, “... they used a covered yarn or By the 1890s, with the railroads and the gutta-percha ball, and anything from a postreetcar allowing for transportation to more tato stumper to a handspike for a bat. The distant places, there came organized basebatter in those days was entitled to a choice ball leagues, and big city competition. (The of a high, medium or low ball.” [One dicNational League was established in 1876, tionary defines gutta-percha as “in elastic to be followed by the American League in natural latex; not brittle.”]

1901.) Punxsutawney teams were among Old-timers in the 1880s, once young boys them, with teams in the Punxsutawney learning the game with older men, would Baseball League, The Inter-state League (a occasionally play among themselves as if two-division “semi-pro” league in the early they were in their youth. One account of 1900’s) and a trolley league with games besuch a game was described in a lighttween teams at area mining towns. hearted report in the Punxsutawney Spirit in In the 1890s and early 1900s many July 1886.

Punxsutawney area baseball players were “An old-fashioned game of base ball was “called up” to play on major league baseplayed on the Public Square last Friday beball teams in the United States. Some tween the Cranks and the Kickers. were sons of Punxsutawney families; but “The game was played according to the many good players were recruited from rules of 1859 - pitched balls, out on the first other cities and “paid” to play from monies bounce, and homeruns count two. The playraised by a plan of subscription from townsing on both sides was frightful in the expeople. When the necessary money was not treme, the main object of the players being donated the teams disbanded and the paid to keep out of the way of the ball. The score players would move on to other places. stood 55 to 30 in favor of the Kickers. The In past issues, Hometown magazine readfeatures of the game were the curve pitching ers were introduced to many of those outof W. P. Hastings, the kicking of Joe Wilstanding players who reached the big son, and the batting of Peter Reichard. leagues in the early 1900s. Among them William Weiss knocked the ball over into were Jimmy “Shorty” Slagle, of Worthville, Bell township.” and Rube Waddell, of Prospect, Butler At that time, baseball had a different lingo.

County - who became “The Punxsutawney Errors were called “muffs,” ground balls Wonder” during his brief playing time. were “daisy cutters,” batters were “strikers,” Overlooked through time, also, was A. G. pitchers were “hurlers,” a baseball player “Algie” McBride who spent his youth and was a “ballist.” early adult years in Punxsutawney in the The local games were played on the pub1890s, playing baseball at the East End Ball lic park (Barclay Square today) until a “ball Park (where is now Valley Tire Co.). In ground” was made on the land at the fair1895 he was “called up” to play for the ground above North Findley Street. The Chicago Cubs of the National League, and park would later be transformed into a landwould follow that at Cincinnati, ending his scaped park to replace the open ground career as an outfielder with Milwaukee in where once were also circuses, pigs and 1902. geese roaming and hay harvested.

From Punxsutawney, where he played in The first team identified by name in the the early 1890s, he began his major league 1868 Punxsutawney Plaindealer was the Forest Club. As reported in the August 20, - Continued on next page

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Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119 – 25

Former Resident Recalls Autographs of Steelers Hall-of-Famers, $100 Bill

By Philip A. Dehennis for Hometown magazine ack in September 1983, the exact date, I’m not sure of, my son Donald and I attended a football game between the Philadelphia Eagles and the Pittsburgh Steelers. Since I was born and raised in the western part of Pennsylvania, I was always a rooter for the Steelers.

After the game, we decided to hang around outside of the Philadelphia stadium to see if we could get some autographs of the players.

While waiting, I spied Terry Bradshaw, who was coming through the hallway to get to the buses outside to return to the airport and back to Pittsburgh. Terry was walking arm and arm with a lady friend, and as I approached them, I wanted to ask for Terry’s autograph. However, being in such a hurry, I couldn’t come up with a piece of paper, or a pen or pencil.

Just then a kid said, “Here Mister, you can have my pen. I don’t need it anymore.”

This was great, but I didn’t have anything to write on. So, in a hurry, I reached for my wallet and took out a $100 bill, (just to get Terry’s signature).

Terry was obliging and then said, “I’m used to signing one dollar bills, but not a $100 bill.” He laughed and proudly signed the bill. Needless to say, I was happy about getting his signature.

B

Don and I proceeded to look for other Steeler players and it so happened that I spotted Franco Harris and he also signed the bill. Then I saw Mel Blount, who was standing or leaning against a pillar, waiting for the bus to load and get back to Pittsburgh. Mel Blount also agreed to sign the bill.

Before the bus was ready to pull out, my son Donald spotted Jack Lambert heading to get on the bus. He said to me, “Dad, give me the pen and the $100 bill and I’ll go up on the bus and ask Jack Lambert to sign it.”

Jack Lambert would not give Donald the time of day and turned his back on Donald.

Then Donald pleaded with him to sign his father’s bill but he refused. Finally, the bus driver told Donald to get off the bus or he too would be going back to Pittsburgh.

My $100 bill is still with me in the safe deposit box. I’m still wondering today if the bill has any value to it, other than its face value of $100. By the way, if it makes any difference, all four Steeler players: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Mel Blount, and Jack Lambert are in the Hall of Fame now, and my $100 bill sits idly in the bank. The Hall of Famers mentioned are still alive and could verify their signatures.

(Respectfully submitted, Philip A. Dehennis, born and raised in the mining town of Adrian, two miles from Punx’y, now living in Philadelphia.)

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career in July 1895 with an Austin, Texas team as player/manager.

Known as “Teddy” McBride, in August he was purchased from Austin by the Chicago Cubs to play in the Southern League. In 1896, he was assigned to play a regular position for the Chicago Cubs. After a short time in St. Paul, Minnesota of the Western League Algie McBride was signed by the Cincinnati Reds in February 1898 for $1,800 and spent the spring in Texas, as a catcher.

Following a season of many injuries, a timely news report in October 1898 published McBride’s baseball record for the season with Cincinnati. With a batting average of .337 he was second on the team. In fielding, McBride led Cincinnati with a percentage of .960, and only seven fielders in the National League had a better average.

After spending the winter in Punxsutawney, as he usually did after each summer season, McBride joined the Cincinnati team late in March 1899 because of a contract dispute with the team. When the regular season began the daily newspaper shared with interested readers “McBride is making a specialty of throwing men out at home plate from right field just now. He appears to be an artist in that line.” At the end of the season an October writing reported Algie McBride was 13th on the list of leading batters with an average of .326.

After seasons of injuries, at age 29 and “with rheumatism and a game knee,” in July 1901 the former Punxsutawney baseball player was released by Cincinnati. The Spirit editor would write “...conditions have to be pretty serious with him when he cannot hold up his end in a game of baseball.”

A. G. McBride (born Algernon Griggs McBride in Washington, D. C.) returned to Punxsutawney in 1903 and purchased the cigar and tobacco store and pool room that was located on Mahoning Street (where Eddie’s Clothing Store used to be). With Punxsutawney as his adopted hometown he was well-known and popular among the people. When in Punxsutawney he stayed on Church Street in the home of his aunt and uncle Mr. and Mrs. W. O. Smith. Mr. Smith was publisher and editor of the Punxsutawney Spirit who regularly reported his nephew’s journey and accomplishments in the Major League of baseball.

After playing on area ball fields in their youth, many young men of the Punxsutawney area continue today to play with a goal to reaching the big leagues. One of our area’s young men is now on that journey.

His name has become familiar as we follow reports of his experiences and preparation to succeed with the Cincinnati Reds. Devon “Dev” Mesoraco is on the way up. We wish him success.

•••

26 – Punxsutawney Hometown – September 2010 - Issue #119

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2. Guess the winning team and the total number of points you think will be scored in the Steelers/Falcons game and enter the guess in the space provided on the coupon.

3. Enter one of the participating advertisers on these pages in the space provided to redeem your coupon should you be the contest winner.

4. Clip and forward the coupon to: Steelers Football Contest, Punxsutawney Hometown, P.O. Box 197, Punxsutawney, PA 15767 5. All entries must be received at the Punxsutawney Hometown office

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Sandlots to the Big Leagues Continued from previous page

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