Tank Storage magazine

The voice of the storage terminal industry

March/April 2013

Volume No. 9 Issue No. 2

Transport LNG, turnaround times and Thames Oilport In an exclusive interview Frits Eulderink, COO of Vopak, reveals what the world’s number one is focusing on in 2013

Facing cyber crime head on

Software security failures can impact a terminal, personnel, the environment and the corporate image just as much as any other major incident

A unique challenge We take a closer look at Iraq’s only privately owned storage site

Regional focus: europe

TM

comment

Down but nowhere near out Margaret Dunn Publisher

With much of 2012 in backwardation some were worried the golden days of storage may be over. Not so, according to the consensus coming from the latest European oil storage conference

Despite a snow storm grinding much of Europe to a halt in January the recent oil storage conference in Amsterdam went ahead with only a few hiccups.

The theme of this year’s event was whether the market is now at risk of overcapacity and if so, how terminals can stay ahead of the competition. The response to this question, it seems, is that threat is not yet a reality.

Although the storage sector is now in a moderate development stage, compared to much faster growth in previous years, the long-term demand for storage in the ARA region remains positive.

Even with prolonged backwardation in 2012, throughput of oil products in Rotterdam went up 12% last year and many terminals in the ARA region are still expanding.

On top of this backwardation only affects a small part of storage demand, and is likely to be a short-term effect.

That’s not to say that terminals can afford to get complacent, however - a bit of healthy competition may well be a good thing for the market.

This year may well be one for consolidation but competition drives down prices for traders and makes terminals work harder to deliver a better service.

To have efficient logistics you need some level of overcapacity. Terminals need to offer their customers choice if they want to succeed in a more challenging market.

Supply and demand imbalances are one of the biggest opportunities for additional tank storage infrastructure, whether they come from refinery closures

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

or otherwise. An extra 1 million barrels a day of US refinery closures are expected in the next five years.

Another major trend to take note of is Europe’s demand for diesel, a fuel that is fundamental for industrial activity, as well as transport. ‘The continent has never been able to produce enough diesel.’ Tim Worledge, editor for Middle Distillates in Europe at Platts explained.

‘There is an 11 million tonne net shortage of diesel in France alone. In 2007 77% of all the cars in France were diesel. Then came scrappage schemes that favoured petrol cars. As these have now ended, the demand for diesel cars across Europe is growing again at the fastest rate the market has ever seen.’

Coupled with this, new petrol cars are now more efficient, reducing the requirement for the fuel.

By 2025 net diesel import requirements are likely to rise by 10 million tonnes. Plus by the same time period, net exports of petrol are likely to increase by 12 million tonnes, according to Damian Kennaby, director of global information company IHS. The proof is in the investments Investments in the storage market are still very much on the increase. There were three transactions in 2012, five in 2011, four in 2010, one in 2009 and two in 2008.

‘Despite the market backwardation investors have still been paying an average of 10.5 times EBITDA in transactions over the past three years,’ Eduard Ruijs, director of First Reserve International,

explained. Considering the eight year average is 10.8 times EBITDA the market still attributes significant value to independent oil storage companies.

Some recent transactions included steep valuations. Ruijs cited the example of Alinda Capital Partners acquiring 100% ownership of Houston Fuel Oil Terminal Company from AL Gulf Coast Terminals in December 2011 at an EBITDA multiple of 17, plus Sinopec’s investment into Vesta in October 2012 at an EBITDA multiple of 11.4.

Recent average transaction multiples are generally in line with trading multiples of listed oil storage companies.

In January 2013, the sector average was 11.6 times EBITDA. Strong valuations are not achieved without reason. They imply a continued belief by investors in the future growth of the sector, particularly where companies have assets at strategic locations.

So the overwhelming view is one of positivity, something that is also echoed in our exclusive interview with Frits Eulderink, COO of Vopak, within this issue.

The next opportunity we’ll get to hear firsthand how the terminals are faring is at this year’s StocExpo in Antwerp. We’ll be reporting on people’s thoughts on whether overcapacity is likey to become an issue in the near future and where the future growth opportunities lie. We look forward to catching up with you then,

Best wishes, Margaret

1

contents

March/April 2013 Volume 9 issue 2 Horseshoe Media Ltd Marshall House 124 Middleton Road, Morden, Surrey SM4 6RW, UK www.tankstoragemag.com

contents 59

MANAGING DIRECTOR Peter Patterson Tel: +44(0)20 8648 7082 peter@horseshoemedia.com

Facing cyber crime head on Software security failures can impact a terminal, personnel, the environment and the corporate image just as much as any other major incident

Publisher & editor Margaret Dunn Tel: +44 (0)20 8687 4126 margaret@tankstoragemag.com Deputy editor James Barrett Tel: +44 (0)20 8687 4146 james@tankstoragemag.com Assistant Editor Keeley Downey Tel: +44 (0)20 8687 4183 keeley@horseshoemedia.com Advertising Sales manager David Kelly Tel: +44 (0)203 551 5754 david@tankstoragemag.com South American sales representative Roberto Bieler +55 21 3268 2553 +55 21 9465 2553 rbieler@farbitec.com PRODUCTION Alison Balmer Tel: +44 (0)1673 876143 alisonbalmer@btconnect.com SUBSCRIPTION RATES A one-year, 6-issue subscription costs £150 (approximately $240/€185 depending on daily exchange rates). Individual back issues can be purchased at a cost of £30 each Contact: Lisa Lee Tel: +44 (0)20 8687 4160 Fax: +44 (0)20 8687 4130 marketing@horseshoemedia.com Follow us on Twitter: @tankstorageinfo No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in any form by any mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording or other means without the prior written consent of the publisher. Whilst the information and articles in Tank Storage are published in good faith and every effort is made to check accuracy, readers should verify facts and statements direct with official sources before acting on them as the publisher can accept no responsibility in this respect. Any opinions expressed in this magazine should not be construed as those of the publisher.

ISSN 1750-841X

2

news 1 Comment 2 Contents 4 Terminal news 26 Technical news 34 Incident update

features 37 New NACE standard introduces DNA-based corrosion detection 41 Transport LNG, turnaround times and Thames Oilport

Frits Eulderink, COO of Vopak, tells Tank Storage magazine what it is focusing on in 2013

44 A lot can happen in year

Tank Storage Magazine looks at the key acquisitions that have taken place over the past 12 months 49 Iraq’s only privately owned storage site 51 Tank terminal update: Europe 55 European storage: geared up for growing trade

62

What links Desert Storm, the Clinton-era federal budget deficit, Hurricane Katrina and the toppling of the Gaddafi regime in Libya?

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

contents

features 68 Poland: compulsory storage changes to reduce tankage demand 71 Africa: the land of opportunity 74 StocExpo preview: breaking records 111 Reducing bottlenecks, waiting time and improving customer service 113 Insulation coatings: when you should use them 117 Can emissions be controlled by just tank roofs?

124 Compressing the project schedule

How Oranje-Nassau Energie is building tanks in record time 130 Comparing oil and grease in water testing methods 132 Events & ad index

127

Hot topic: minimising steam loss

121

If we fail to plan, we plan to fail...

The voice of the storage terminal industry

March/April 2013

Volume No. 9 Issue No. 2

Transport LNG, turnaround times and Thames Oilport In an exclusive interview Frits Eulderink COO of Vopak, reveals what the world’s number one is focusing on in 2013

Facing cyber crime head on

Software security failures can impact a terminal, personnel, the environment and the corporate image just as much as any other major incident

TM

A unique challenge We take a closer look at Iraq’s only privately owned storage site

109

Automatic tank cleaning: cut costs, reduce risks and save time

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

Regional focus: europe

Front cover courtesy of Brodie International

3

terminal news

Vopak Terminal Algeciras to open in March Independent bulk liquid storage provider Vopak has announced its storage terminal at Spain’s Port of Algeciras will officially open on 25 March.

The terminal, named Vopak Terminal Algeciras, has a total storage capacity of 403,000m3 for oil products, comprising 22 storage tanks. The

facility also includes two berths and a pipeline that will transport products from the docks to the storage terminal.

The first oil tanker will arrive at the facility in the first week of March.

Five hundred people were employed during the construction of Vopak Terminal Algeciras and fifty full-time

staff will be deployed to operate the terminal when it comes online.

Vopak holds an 80% controlling stake in the project, while the remaining 20% of the shares are held

by Vilma Oil, a Spanish company that provides oil-related logistical and technical services.

CLH and ORPIC sign agreement Spain-based oil storage and transportation company CLH has signed an agreement with Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries Company (ORPIC) to provide consultancy services throughout the construction of an oil storage terminal and 280km pipeline in Oman.

The project, which also includes building additional infrastructures, is expected to improve fuel logistics in the country by connecting a number of facilities via pipeline, and will be carried out in three phases.

The first phase includes building a pipeline that will connect the Mina al Fahal refinery and Muscat

international airport. Phase II will see the establishment of a new storage terminal in Muscat. It will also join the Mina al Fahal refinery with the Sohar refinery with a new pipeline. In the third phase, the new storage facility will be expanded in order to increase the country’s strategic fuel reserves.

CLH owns 38 storage terminals with a total capacity of 7.8 million m3, 28 airport facilities and a pipeline network over 4,000km long. ORPIC owns two refineries, one in Sohar and a second in Muscat. It was established by the government of the Sultanate of Oman for managing investments in the energy sector.

Ownership of petroleum refinery to drag on into 2013 Integrated energy company Imperial Oil’s 94-year-old Dartmouth refinery and marine supply terminal in Nova Scotia remains unsold, despite the company putting it up for sale in May last year.

Its location within the competitive Atlantic seaboard, combined with a falling demand for refined products, meant the refinery was not hitting Imperial’s financial goals.

However, there are fears the refinery could close if a buyer is not found. Al Pace, president of Sydco Fuels told Daily Business Buzz that Imperial will struggle to sell the facility in its current condition and millions of dollars would need to be invested to upgrade it and ensure it meets today’s more stringent emissions standards.

If the refinery were to permanently shut down, 200 people would lose their jobs in addition

4

to 200 Dartmouth contractors.

But, while the future ownership of the refinery is currently undecided and could remain this way for several more months, Imperial insists it has ‘received expressions of interest from multiple potential buyers, decision timing could be extended beyond the first quarter and further in 2013’. And if a buyer for the refinery is not found, the company says there is potential to convert the Dartmouth facility into a tank farm.

As the only refinery in Cape Breton that allows distributors to refuel their trucks, this is another sign the refinery will remain open and operational.

Imperial’s Dartmouth refinery has a daily capacity of 88,000 bpd, producing a number of petroleum products including petrol, diesel, jet fuel, marine fuel, heavy fuel oil and asphalt.

The Mina al Fahal refinery will be connected to Muscat International Airport via a new pipeline

Rubis acquires storage activities at French refinery Rubis Terminal has taken over storage activities at the Petroplus Raffinage Reichstett refinery in France.

Rubis Terminal’s takeover bid for the refinery’s storage division was approved by the Strasbourg County Court on 29 January and took effect on 1 February.

The transaction involves the southern part of the refinery, the Port aux Pétroles terminal in Strasbourg, related infrastructure connecting the two sites and 500,000m3 of storage capacity. Rubis expects 368,000m3 of this will be operational within the next three years.

It says the deal will secure the local supply and maintain strategic stocks.

Rubis Terminal will relaunch the tanker loading activity for trucks serving the north and west of the Strasbourg region.

It has earmarked a €36.5 million investment, over the next five years, to be spent on decontamination, dismantling, modernisation and compliance of the installations.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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terminal news

Cogent and Granite Peak to develop oil unit train loading facility Cogent Energy Solutions and Granite Peak Development are to jointly develop a crude oil unit train loading facility at Granite Peak’s Casper logistics hub in Wyoming, US. The two companies say they expect to break ground on the facility, which will be located along BNSF Railway’s mainline, in April with completion targeted for October 2013.

Both heavy and light crude oil will be loaded at the terminal, which will also offer 900,000 barrels of tank storage and onsite blending.

There is potential to expand the site by over 3 million barrels.

‘The Casper location has long been targeted for this type of asset because of its proximity

to pipelines carrying Canadian and domestic crudes, as well as local production,’ explains Randy Balhorn, Cogent president.

The double-loop track design will feature 20 loading arms per loop and will enable the facility to simultaneously load two 118 tank car unit trains with different crude grades. In addition, the 12 truck bays will allow for expedited truck unloading.

Dave Garin, BNSF group VP of industrial products, says: ‘Crudeby-rail is consistently providing producers with a flexible, long-term and economical solution to ship crude oil to destination markets along East, West and Gulf coasts and along the Mississippi River.’

news in brief...

Aegis starts building storage capacity at Indian port India-based downstream oil and gas company Aegis Logistics has broken ground on its new bulk liquid and gas storage terminal at Gujarat’s Pipavav Port in India.

The project includes the construction of additional storage capacity: 120,000KL for bulk liquids and 2,700 tonnes of gas, and forms part of the company’s plan to develop a ‘necklace’ of terminals along India’s coast. Aegis Logistics is also looking to build, own and operate oil terminals inland that will serve the nation’s oil companies.

The liquid terminal will be the first of its kind at Pipavav Port, which has already built a new berth for the terminal’s liquid cargo.

Aegis Logistics is currently able to handle in excess of 2 million tonnes of liquid volumes, which will increase by 1 million tonnes following the completion of this expansion project.

Arc Terminals buys marine terminal

Turkmenistan plans oil terminal

Independent terminal company Arc Terminals has acquired Gulf Coast Asphalt’s marine terminalling facility in Mobile and its rail transloading facility in Saraland, both located in Alabama.

The Mobile terminal has the capacity to handle 1.2 million barrels of asphalt, crude oil, heavy fuel oil and methanol for third party customers. Its transportation network includes marine, rail and truck and, in addition, includes approximately

Turkmenistan is to build an oil terminal which it says will develop the country’s oil, gas and chemical industries, as well as increase exports to foreign markets.

Turkmen Oil and Gas Constructions has been awarded the design and construction contract for the terminal, which will have a throughput capacity of 540,000 tonnes.

The facility will be built in Atamyrat District, Lebap Oblast. Construction will commence shortly, with operations scheduled to begin in 2015.

30 acres of unused land suitable for terminal expansion projects.

The Saraland rail transloading facility, currently under expansion, moves heavy crude oil and specialty products from railcars to Mobilebased terminals via trucks before storage, blending and delivery.

Arc says the purchase will increase its capacity to over 2.5 million barrels of storage and three rail loading and unloading facilities.

LBC Tank Terminals adds new storage capacity LBC Tank Terminals, an oil and chemical storage operator, has added 41,000m3 of bulk liquid storage capacity to its terminal at the Port of Antwerp.

The expansion consists of seven new tanks which range from 5,000-6,000m3 in size, bringing the terminal’s total storage capacity to 270,000m3. The Port of Antwerp says the new infrastructure has been released and is fully operational. It also includes new

6

loading infrastructure (including weigh bridges) for trucks.

The company has a 528m quay which allows for the simultaneous handling of two seagoing vessels and three barges.

LBC’s storage terminal at the port handles base oils and chemicals and includes liquid blending and filling solutions. The facility is reported to be Europe’s largest petrochemical cluster.

Eastern Refinery and West Marine Services ink deal for storage tanks Eastern Refinery, a subsidiary of Bangladesh Petroleum, is to build three 13,000-tonne capacity oil storage tanks after signing an agreement with West Marine Services in Chittagong, Bangladesh on 10 February.

The BDT50 crore project, including design and construction, will be built on a turnkey basis and completed next year. The new infrastructure will be operated by Bangladesh Petroleum.

West Marine Services previously erected two 50,000m3 storage tanks with floating roofs for Bangladesh Petroleum’s refinery, which are still considered to be the largest storage tanks in Asia.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

7

terminal news

Eighty-Eight Oil plans flexible crude loading terminal

Global Partners to buy crude oil facility

Eighty-Eight Oil (EEO), a private crude oil marketing and logistics company, has announced plans to build and operate a unit train facility on BNSF Railway’s mainline, close to the crude oil pipeline hub in Guernsey, Wyoming.

The new train terminal will be connected to EEO’s existing Guernseybased crude oil storage terminal, which has a capacity of 2 million barrels and currently receives crude oil from the Butte, Belle Fourche, Platte and Rocky Mountain pipelines.

The loading unit train terminal will also feature unloading infrastructure and will be designed to handle a variety of crude types including those from the Williston Basin (Bakken), the Power River Basin (Niobrara), Southwest Wyoming, Big Horn Basin and Canada.

Terminal network owner Global Partners has signed an agreement to acquire an Oregon-based crude oil and ethanol facility from Cascade Kelly Holdings for approximately $95 million (€70 million).

Assets included in the transaction are 200,000 barrels of storage capacity, a rail transloading facility served by the BNSF Railway, a deepwater marine terminal and a 1,200ft dock, in addition to an ethanol plant.

Speaking about the deal, Eric Alifka, Global’s president and CEO, comments: ‘This transaction capitalises on our advantaged logistics and enables us to supply cost-competitive crude and ethanol to refiners and customers on the West Coast. This facility also creates a link between the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin and Pacific refiners.

These new assets increase our capability to transport crude from the US and Canadian mid-continent and extend our virtual pipeline to the West.’

The company’s purchase of Cascade Kelly has been approved by the board of directors of the partnership’s general partner, Global GP, and is subject to regulatory approvals among other closing conditions.

The acquisition is due to be finalised by the end of this quarter.

In a statement, Global said it also expects to close its $80 million investment of a 60% stake in Basin Transload early this year.

Jerry Herz, superintendent of EEO, says this ability to handle multiple crude types will increase the terminal’s ‘long-term viability’.

Construction on the new terminal is expected to be complete by the end of this year. It will feature three rail loop tracks and necessary tank storage for the loading operations.

EEO says initial rail loading capacity will be approximately 80,000 barrels a day with expansion capability.

Dave Garin, BNSF group VP, comments: ‘As demand continues to rise, rail has stepped up to provide a more flexible, long-term and economical option to ship crude oil to destination markets throughout the east, west and Gulf coasts and along the Mississippi River.’

The unit train facility will be built on BNSF Railway’s mainline

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

Genesis Energy to expand operations in Louisiana Texas-headquartered midstream energy company Genesis Energy is expanding its presence in Louisiana with the construction of new assets and infrastructure worth approximately $125 million (€92 million).

The additional infrastructure will connect to ExxonMobil’s refinery in Baton Rouge, one of the largest in North America, with a refining capacity of over 500,000 bpd.

The project will see the company upgrade its existing Port Hudson-based terminal and build a new 18 mile, 20” diameter crude oil pipeline to connect it to the Baton Rouge Maryland Terminal.

It will have a capacity of 350,000 bpd.

Improvement works include an addition of storage, increasing the terminal’s 216,000-barrel capacity by a further 200,000 barrels, and improvements to its existing barge dock and truck station.

Genesis is expected to break ground on the project soon, with the Port Hudson

Genesis Energy’s pipeline will link to ExxonMobil’s Baton Rouge refinery upgrades and new crude oil pipeline to be completed by the end of this year.

The company intends to finance the transaction with funds available under its revolving credit facility. It has

PBF Energy crude unloading facility to start operations PBF Energy, a North American refiner, has finished building the second crude oil unloading facility at its subsidiary’s Delaware City Refinery and is due to commence operations.

The facility, first announced last year, has a capacity of 70,000 bpd. The inaugural unit train carrying Bakken crude oil is expected to leave the facility shortly, with 17 additional unit trains on schedule to arrive soon after.

The completion of this project means the Delaware City rail facilities can handle 110,000 bpd of crude oil – 70,000 of light and 40,000 of heavy.

Tom Nimbley, PBF Energy’s CEO, says the completion of this rail facility means his company ‘is now able to deliver significant quantities of cost-advantaged North American crude oils directly to Delaware City at competitive pricing’.

In addition, PBF has increased the quantity of Canadian heavy crude oil that its Delaware City refinery can handle and will raise the discharge capacity of the heavy crude rail unloading facility from 40,000 to 80,000 bpd for an estimated $50 million (€37 million). This project, due for approval at a board meeting, will be finalised by the end of this year.

Nimbley adds: ‘We believe that Canadian heavy barrels will be the most economic on the market and we intend to take the necessary steps to maximise our exposure to this advantaged crude.’

PBF Energy further announced that it has entered into agreements for an additional 2,000 coiled and insulated rail cars capable of handling heavy crude oil and 500 general purpose cars, due for delivery between 2013 and 2015.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

entered into definitive agreements with ExxonMobil, which will grant Genesis a land lease at the Maryland Terminal site and secure preferential rights for throughput at the facilities.

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terminal news

New OOC JV to build region’s largest crude storage terminal

ADPO will build 100,000m3 of storage capacity at the port

ADPO to build new storage terminal at Port of Antwerp Chemical storage company Antwerp Distribution and Products Operations (ADPO) has acquired a new 10-hectare site in the Port of Antwerp on which it will expand its bulk liquid storage capacity.

ADPO already owns 290,000m3 of tank storage capacity at the port, made up of different tank sizes ranging from 150m3 to 5,000m3. Its terminal also receives rail traffic and has a large-sized private rail tank car parking area.

The company claims to be the world’s largest single stainless steel storage terminal with a tank capacity of 120,000m3.

ADPO says it will break ground on its new storage terminal at the beginning of 2014. Upon completion the facility will be able to handle around 100,000m3 of chemical products.

Oman Oil Company (OOC) and its subsidiary Takamul Investment Company are to develop a crude oil storage terminal under a new joint venture company Oman Tank Terminal Company (OTTCO).

With a 200 million barrel capacity, the Ras Markaz facility will be the largest terminal in the Middle East region.

‘The total storage capacity of 200 million barrels will make this terminal one of the largest storage terminals in the world,’ Ahmed Al Wohaibi, CEO of Oman Oil Company, was reported to have said.

OOC will own 90% of OTTCO and Takamul will hold the remaining 10% share. OTTCO will build, own and operate the terminal. OOC will finance the project, along with foreign investors and banks.

The terminal will be built on a phased basis, with Phase I slated for completion in 2017. It is expected to prove advantageous for a number of customers, including the proposed refinery in Duqm, and will also feature a crude oil blending facility. Storage tanks at the site will come in three different sizes: 755 bbl, 1 million bbl and 1.75 million bbl.

OTTCO has already signed a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry of Oil and Gas for the construction of a crude oil pipeline that will connect Ras Markaz with the main oil line at Nahada. It also includes plans to establish additional storage infrastructure at the terminal for handling Oman crude before it is exported abroad.

‘The development of this world-scale crude oil terminal will be of strategic importance not only for Oman, but for the whole Middle East and Asia region, Nasser bin Khamis Al Jashmi, Ministry of Oil and Gas undersecretary, was reported to have said.

VTTI opens storage terminal in Kenya Independent energy storage company VTTI has opened a new $60 million (€45 million) oil storage terminal in Kenya in a bid to ease the region’s overstretched oil storage and transportation network.

VTTI Kenya, located in Kipevu, Mombasa has the capacity to store 110,000m3 of oil, making it one of the largest liquid petroleum storage facilities in east Africa.

The first phase of this storage terminal was completed in March 2012 and includes six tanks. Phase II, comprising four tanks, was finalised at the end of last year and VTTI Kenya was successfully commissioned on 23 January when 9,600m3 of automotive gasoil from MT Uzava was shipped

10

to Vivo Energy Kenya.

‘The receipt of the first product from MT Uzava represents a significant milestone for our VTTI Kenya terminal, a major new landmark on the energy landscape of Kenya,’ Merlin Figueira, GM of the terminal, said in a statement. He added that the investment in the terminal is part of the company’s African expansion plans.

The facility is connected via pipeline to the Kenya Pipeline Company’s mainline from Mombasa to Nairobi. It features new technology for automated tank gauging, automated tank valves, fire suppression systems, a security system with 22 surveillance cameras, cone bottom

The new storage capacity at VTTI Kenya became operational in January

tanks for water drainage, tank high level alarms and tank containment systems.

VTTI says the added storage capacity will also

help serve the growing demands in other nations including Uganda, southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

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terminal news

Port of Skagen signs agreement for storage terminal The Port of Skagen in Denmark has entered into an agreement with oil trading company Monjasa to build and operate a tank storage terminal.

Under the long-term contract, the port will build the terminal and associated infrastructure and Monjasa will operate and lease the facility.

The number of tanks or total storage capacity has not yet been decided. The port’s director Willy Bent Hansen says:

‘These are some of the technical considerations that we are going to look into in the coming months.

We need to explore Monjasa’s volume requirements, what’s available and what is possible within the port’s boundaries.

‘We have some available land which has been allocated for this purpose. What we need now is an exact technical description on what will be included and how to do it. That will define how the tank storage

facility will be developed.’

CEO of Monjasa Jan Jacobsen was reported to A new storage terminal will be built at the Port have said: of Skagen ‘Our company has a goal of creating and for that reason has a good increased market share in the platform to develop business bunkering market in and around inside and outside the port area.’

Skagen. The port is considered According to Hansen, ground to be particularly well positioned is expected to break this year, with the terminal predicated for start-up next year. ‘We hope to start construction this year, after mid-summer, and the facility will definitely be operational in 2014,’ he adds.

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Seaway Pipeline expansion almost complete The expansion of Seaway Crude Oil Pipeline Company’s terminal and distribution facility in Houston, Texas is soon to be finalised, the company says.

Capacity at the site is being developed from 150,000 bpd to 400,000 bpd and the project is now in its final stage.

Transportation services on the 500-mile, 30” diameter pipeline were temporarily suspended while the remaining pump station connections were completed.

In addition to the pipeline that transports crude oil from Cushing to the Gulf Coast, the Seaway system comprises a terminal and a distribution network originating in Texas City, Texas, which serves refineries locally and in the Houston area.

Seaway Crude Pipeline Company is a 50/50 joint venture owned by affiliates of Enterprise Products Partners and Enbridge.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

Hess to divest terminal network through sale and closure Independent energy company Hess is to complete its conversion from an integrated oil and gas company to one that deals primarily with exploration and production through the sale of its USbased terminal network and the closure of its refinery in

Port Reading, New Jersey.

The company’s portfolio of 19 terminals situated along the East Coast totals 28 million barrels of storage capacity.

Twelve of these feature deep water access. Also to be included in the sale is Hess’ St. Lucia oil storage terminal

Hess wants to focus on its oil exploration and production activities

in the Caribbean with 10 million barrels of capacity.

In the past, the terminals were the primary outlet for the company’s share of production from its Hovensa joint venture refinery, most of which was used to supply Hess’ retail and energy marketing businesses. However, when the refinery closed in 2012 coupled with Hess’ ability to access refined production from third parties to supply these marketing businesses, the terminal system was no longer a core part of the company’s operations.

Hess says it will continue its commitments to these businesses and work to provide security, competitive prices and efficient services to its customers.

It estimates that, in addition to the proceeds from the sale of the terminal network,

the transaction will release approximately $1 billion (€740 million) of working capacity for redeployment to fund Hess’ future growth opportunities.

The Port Reading refinery, which features a fluid catalytic cracking unit and produces mainly petrol and components used for blending heating oil, will be shuttered in February.

‘By closing the Port Reading refinery and selling our terminal network, Hess will complete its transformation from an integrated oil and gas company to one that is predominantly exploration and production, able to redeploy substantial additional capital to fund its growth opportunities,’ says John Hess, chairman and CEO. Goldman, Sachs & Co. is acting as Hess’ financial advisor for the divestiture of the terminal network.

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terminal news

Kinder Morgan increasing Canadian storage capacity Kinder Morgan Energy Partners’ daughter company, Kinder Morgan Canada Terminals, is to build more storage capacity at Trans Mountain Pipeline’s Edmonton terminal in Alberta, Canada, after entering into long-term contracts.

Construction on the additional 1.2 million barrels of merchant storage capacity, expected to cost in the region of $112 million (€84 million), will begin later this year following the receipt of supporting permits. The work, which is Phase II of an expansion project, is expected to be completed next year.

Phase I of the expansion is already underway. This consists of 3.6 million barrels of new storage and, according to Kinder Morgan, will begin operations towards the end of this year.

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The total capital investment for the combined 4.8 million barrel project is approximately $400 million and is supported by longterm contracts with major producers and refiners.

When completed, the total storage capacity at the Edmonton facility will be 9.4 million barrels, including the existing Trans Mountain system facility and the North 40 merchant terminal.

‘The new tanks further demonstrate the strategic importance of Trans Mountain’s Edmonton hub and the role it will play in staging Western Canadian crude oil production into export markets, including West Coast markets served by Trans Mountain’s Pipelines,’ Bill Henderson, VP of Kinder Morgan Canada Terminals, said in a statement.

Norterminal signs land lease agreement for storage terminal Norterminal is developing a storage terminal in Finnmark, Norway and this month signed an agreement with landowner Finnmarkseiendommen (FeFo) for a long-term lease of 100 acres of land along the coastline of Gamneset.

Norterminal believes this to be an ‘optimal location’ to build a large-scale oil, petroleum or gas terminal.

The agreement is conditional upon the areas being reregulated for industrial use, which has already begun.

Jacob Stolt-Nielsen, Norterminal’s president, comments: ‘The discussions with FeFo have given us a better understanding of the needs of the Finnmark community, which is important for the future development of Norterminal. The negotiations have been positive and we look forward to continue the cooperation.’

Operations at the terminal are planned to start in 2017, when it will take advantage of the growing future production expected from the Barents Sea and Arctic regions. The company says it wants to establish a state-of-the-art regional transhipment and storage terminal with the highest operating standards.

Norterminal estimates the terminal will cost between NOK2-4 billion (€270-535 million) to build, creating many new jobs during construction and start-up.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

Iraq: Increased storage capacity will eliminate bottleneck woes Oil storage in the south of Iraq could reach 8.5 million barrels by the end of this year.

Head of state-run oil company South Oil Company, Dhiya Jaffar, said the construction of a new 1 million barrel terminal has helped Iraq eliminate bottlenecks during export, which are either caused by bad weather or technical problems.

‘Today we have managed to add 1 million barrels and boost oil storage capacity to 6.5 million barrels. Another 2 million barrels

capacity will be added by the end of 2013,’ he told Reuters.

He said halting production because of unsettled weather has ‘negative impacts on oilfield operations’ and causes ‘tension’ with oil companies overseas. Increased storage in the southern part of Iraq would help eliminate such issues.

In December 2012, bad weather and technological hitches saw oil exports from Iraq fall to 2.34 million bpd, compared to the 2.62 million bpd in November.

Iraq will bring online an additional 2 million barrels of storage capacity by the end of this year

Oiltanking Nanjing opens railcar facility Oiltanking Nanjing, a joint venture between Oiltanking, the Nanjing Chemical Industry Park (NCIP) Administration and the Port Authority of Nanjing, has opened and begun operations at its new railcar loading and unloading facility at its terminal in China’s Jiangsu province.

The rail facility features loading and unloading platforms, with a capacity to handle up to 34 rail cars in parallel. It has been designed to

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

receive up to 9,000 rail cars a year.

It is connected to the NCIP’s railway network and from this to the national railway network. The addition of this rail facility means the terminal offers a variety of transportation options to its customers, including rail, road, water and pipelines.

In a statement, Oiltanking Nanjing says it expects the facility will handle large amounts of methanol as significant quantities are consumed within the

Nanjing region: ‘The terminal is set to become the “methanol hub” of the region and the rail facility is designed to handle other products as well.’

The Oiltanking Nanjing terminal is currently being expanded and will be complete later this year. Once this project is finalised the company says the terminal will feature 23 storage tanks with a total storage capacity of 139,000m3 and two jetties for vessels up to 50,000 DWT.

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terminal news

Gunvor and NCSP close loan for joint Russian terminal Oil trader Gunvor Group and PJSC Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port (NCSP) have secured a loan for their jointlyowned Novorossiysk Fuel Oil Terminal on the Black Sea. The two companies announced the closure of the $110 million (€82.8 million), seven-year credit facility from ZAO Raiffeisenbank on 22 January.

The proceeds will refinance shareholder loans used to build the fuel oil terminal and infrastructure, including storage tanks, rail car unloading racks and a pipeline.

Gunvor Group and NCSP successfully commissioned and received an operating permit for Novorossiysk Fuel Oil Terminal last year. The terminal has a 119,000m3 storage capacity and a yearly throughput of 4 million tonnes.

The two companies secured the $100 million loan

Tesoro to turn refinery into a storage terminal

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Petroleum refiner and marketer Tesoro is to convert its Kapolei refinery in Hawaii into an import, storage and distribution terminal.

The company says it will begin the conversion process once refining operations at the site cease in April this year.

The refinery, which has a 94,000 bpd production capacity, produces jet fuel, petrol, diesel and bunker fuel.

Between 180 and 200 workers at the refinery are reported to lose their jobs as a result of the refinery closure.

Tesoro Hawaii will maintain the existing distribution system to support marketing operations and fulfil its supply commitments while continuing to offer the terminal, distribution and retail assets for sale.

Upon conversion of the refinery to a terminal, Tesoro Hawaii believes third party utilisation of the terminal and associated logistics will facilitate ongoing supplies of refined products.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

CLH biofuel supply up 27% on 2011 Spanish oil storage and transportation company CLH Group supplied over 2.4 million m3 of biofuels throughout 2012, a 27% increase on what it delivered in 2011.

In a statement the company said 2.1 million m3 of this was biodiesel and the remaining 300,000m3 million m3 was bioethanol. Of the 2.1 million m3 of biodiesel, 700,000m3 was accounted for by second generation hydrobiodiesel (HVO) which, according to CLH, has seen a rise in popularity throughout the last 12 months.

In recent years the group has invested over €25

million in adapting its facilities to receive, store and distribute biofuels. It currently owns 13 plants which can handle diesel blended with biodiesel, and a further nine for the blending of petrol with ethanol. The company says these biofuel facilities are based in areas where the consumption of renewable liquid transport fuels is highest.

CLH handled more biofuels in 2012 compared to the year before

SOCAR and Delta Rubis sign five year storage agreement Azerbaijan state oil company SOCAR has signed a storage agreement with Delta Rubis after it recently received a license from the Energy Market Regulatory Agency to sell bunker fuel.

SOCAR Turkey Distribution has joined forces with the Mediterranean’s largest independent storage company for its services in Ceyhan, Turkey under a five-year supply agreement which will include fuels, aviation and marine sales businesses.

Ceyhan is one of the world’s most important energy hubs with a throughput capacity of around 55 million tonnes a year of crude oil.

It is located at the crossroads of Baku-TbillsiCeyhan and the Kerkuk-Yumurtalik pipelines.

CEO of SOCAR Turkey Petroleum Energy Distribution, Mutluay Dogan, explains: ‘The Ceyhan region has strategic importance to SOCAR. This region is an area where Azerbaijan oil meets the world markets and SOCAR is the main user of this route. Starting with the fuel sale to crude oil tankers, we will be the first provider of the comprehensive marine sales service in the mediterranean region of Turkey.’

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

17

terminal news

Biodiesel available from Lone Star Terminal Biodiesel provider Gulf Hydrocarbon Partners has partnered with Akash Energy to resume operations at the Houston, Texas-based Lone Star Terminal, which now offers biodiesel.

The Lone Star Terminal has a total capacity of 6.7 million gallons, of which Gulf Hydrocarbon has leased 420,000 gallons of storage for biodiesel. It is hoped this new offering of biodiesel will provide retail stations and truck stops with easier access to biodiesel blends. The terminal will also improve availability for large fleet customers.

Gulf Hydrocarbon’s logistics coordinator, Greg Reynolds, says: ‘The demand for biodiesel from jobbers and distributors in the North Houston market has not been met – especially with regard to splash blending. We are hoping that the reopening of the Lone Star Terminal will make biodiesel practical again for these customers. We are also looking for strategic partners who can use existing storage for sales of regular diesel fuel to our biodiesel customers.’

All biodiesel at the terminal meets the latest ASTM D6751 standards.

Blueknight announces Pecos River pipeline project Midstream energy company Blueknight Energy Partners (BEP) has signed an agreement to acquire a 30% stake in the crude oil Pecos River Pipeline.

The new 70km, 16” pipeline runs from Pecos in Texas to Crane, enabling producers in west Texas to deliver crude oil to Gulf Coast markets.

BKEP signed the agreement with Advantage Pipeline to operate the pipeline under

a long-term contract.

Mike Shelton, president of Advantage Pipeline, says: ‘Construction will commence soon and we expect Phase I of the project to be operational by the end of May. The pipeline will be connected to the Longhorn Pipeline and will carry crude to terminals and refineries in the Gulf Coast area.’

Expansions and ground breaking ceremonies at Quanwan Port Zone Construction has started on a new 50,000-tonne petrochemical terminal at the Quanwan Port Zone in Guangdong, China.

The project has three petrochemical berths, two of which are 50,000 tonnes and one which is 10,000 tonnes. The berths will total 350m in length and be 15.3m deep when the terminal comes online in mid-2014.

The ground breaking ceremony took place on 22 January, the same time as the

18

launch of a 30,000 tonne oil terminal expansion project, also held at the Chinese port.

The expansion will upgrade the existing 30,000-tonne oil facility to a 50,000-tonne LPG berth. It is slated for completion by the end of 2014 before trial operations commence in 2015.

The port also celebrated the grand opening of Huizhou International Container Terminals (HICT).

Around 400 guests attended the ceremonies.

news in brief...

Enterprise and ExxonMobil sign multi-year contract SeaRiver Maritime, a subsidiary of ExxonMobil, is to ship its products along the US’ inland waterway system and the Gulf of Mexico using transportation services from Enterprise Products Partners’ wholly owned affiliate Enterprise Marine Services after the two companies signed a multi-year contract.

Under the agreement, which came into effect on 1 January, Enterprise ships SeaRiver’s refined products and other hydrocarbons using five tugs and 10 barges.

Magellan Midstream plans new Texas pipeline Refined products pipeline owner Magellan Midstream Partners is to build a pipeline to transport crude oil from its terminal in Galena Park, Texas.

The new pipeline and terminal infrastructure will take oil to Magellan’s Gulf Coast crude oil distribution system ready for delivery to refineries in the Houston and Texas City area.

The project is expected to cost approximately $50 million (€34 million) and be online by the middle of next year. Magellan says it is supported by long-term committed volumes.

‘Our Galena park facility is ideally situated to handle crude oil for delivery to the Gulf Coast refinery hub via Magellan’s own pipeline network,’ says Michael Mears, CEO.

NuStar Energy building $2.3m El Dorado facility Independent liquids terminal and pipeline operator NuStar Energy is planning to build a facility in El Dorado, Arkansas and has filed a construction permit.

According to reports, the commercial project will cost $2.3 million (€1.7 million) to build, although details on a contractor have not yet been revealed.

NuStar owns 8,573 miles of pipeline and 87 storage terminals across the US to handle and export crude oil.

Its total storage capacity is 95 million barrels of oil.

Kinder Morgan to add storage tanks on Houston Ship Channel Kinder Morgan Energy Partners is to acquire 4.2 acres of land on the Houston Ship Channel to expand its liquids storage and dock services along the Gulf Coast.

The project, estimated to cost $170 million (€127.5 million), will see new liquid storage tanks built with a total capacity of 1.2 million barrels, and the construction of a new ship dock that will be able to handle sea-going vessels.

In partnership with a ship channel refiner, Kinder Morgan will develop six 150,000-barrel tanks and four 75,000-barrel tanks, for which the two companies have already signed a letter of intent. The storage tanks will be linked to Kinder Morgan’s Galena Park Terminal.

‘This project will alleviate existing dock congestion among Kinder Morgan’s Houston Ship Channel terminals, provide additional export capacity value and be accretive to KMP unit holders upon completion,’ says Jess Armstrong, president of Kinder Morgan Terminals.

There is potential for Kinder Morgan to extend the project and add a second phase of storage tanks in the future.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

17

terminal news

Odfjell predicts losses at Rotterdam terminal for 2013 Odfjell has reported an EBITDA of €17 million in the fourth quarter of 2012, a reflection of both a continued weak chemical tanker market and significant losses at Odfjell Terminals Rotterdam (OTR), it says.

In a statement Odfjell revealed: ‘In the fourth quarter, with the exception of OTR the EBITDA of our tank terminals remained on par compared with the previous quarter.

‘EBITDA at OTR for the fourth quarter came in negative $9.8 million (€7.3 million) and we expect a slightly negative EBITDA also for the full year 2013. As stated in the third quarter report, total investments at the terminal for the next four years will amount to around

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$200-270 million, an increase of around 30% compared with the original investment plan.

‘OTR has reached agreements in principle with the unions and the Works Council with the objective of finalising the negotiations regarding downsizing and reorganisation of the work force. The re-commissioning project at OTR is slightly delayed relative to earlier plans. 717,000 m3 is approved for usage per end of January 2013. The remaining capacity will gradually be brought back into service in the coming months and it is expected that 1.2 million m3 will be ready by end of Q2 2013.’

Elsewhere, however, Odfjell says its terminal projects are progressing well. Works are continuing

at Charleston Terminal and is on course to become operational at the end of this year. In Nanjing, China the company says the marine infrastructure substructure is almost complete and the tank farm foundations are under construction. The overall project is now 30% complete and will be up and running by the beginning of next year.

Additionally, the company predicts its previously announced LOI with Lindsey Goldberg will ‘increase the capitalisation of the tank terminal division and will enable us to jointly embark on an ambitious and accelerated growth strategy’.

Expansion projects are also underway at its facility in Houston, Texas and at Le Havre in France. ‘We

are also seeing five growth opportunities in China totalling approximately 2 million m3 of new tank storage capacity,’ Odfjell adds.

In Antwerp expansion works are progressing at Noord Natie Odfjell Terminals and a new contract will see the addition of 50,000m3 of storage capacity, bringing the terminal’s total storage capacity to 350,000m3.

‘Our main concerns relate to challenging markets also in 2013, high fuel costs and potential set back in the global economy,’ Odfjell says. ‘On the tank terminal side, we have witnessed higher activities and inquiries for storage. We expect improved earnings in our tank terminal division in the first quarter of 2013.’

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

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terminal news

LBC to increase storage at Bayport terminal

Statoil chooses Veidnes for new Arctic oil terminal

Bulk liquid storage terminal operator LBC Tank Terminals plans to expand its terminal in Bayport, Texas with the addition of new bulk liquid storage tanks and marine ship dock and barge docks.

The company has taken another step towards breaking ground on the project and announced that the expansion, which includes the construction of a marine ship dock and two barge docks, has now been approved by the Port of Houston and the Army Corps of Engineers following a review of the permits.

These facilities will bring the terminal’s number of docks to 11: four ship docks and seven barge docks.

In addition to the marine facilities, LBC will build on its terminal’s existing storage capacity and construct new bulk liquid tanks, expected to total between 3 and 4 million barrels (477,000636,000m3). The new tanks will serve both the petroleum and chemical industries.

This would increase LBC’s Bayport storage terminal to approximately 10 million barrels.

Truck and rail loading facilities also feature in LBC’s terminal expansion plans.

Oil giant Statoil is to build an oil terminal on Norway’s Arctic coast to handle Barents Sea oil from the Skrugard and Havis fields.

The oil will be transported from Skrugard to the new Veidnes terminal outside Honningsvaag, on Norway’s northern tip, via a 280km pipeline.

The terminal will store the oil in two mountain caverns before it is sent to the quay for export by tankers.

Between 50 and 100 tankers a year are estimated to call at the terminal.

Statoil VP Oeystein Michelsen hopes the project will ‘spark off a new industrial era’ in the northern part of the country: ‘The decision to bring Skrugard oil ashore at Veidnes is a key element of the further development of Norwegian oil and gas industry. This is part of the ambition of making northern Norway the country’s next big petroleum region,’ he said in a statement.

The Skrugard field is predicted to come on stream in 2018.

The Norwegian terminal will handle oil from the Skrugard and Havis fields

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terminal news

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terminal news

Construction begins in Fujairah Concord Energy (Singapore) and Sinopec Kantons (China) have started building Fujairah Oil Terminal (FOT), a 1.156 million m3 onshore oil storage terminal based in the rapidly developing port of Fujairah, located in the UAE outside the Straits of Hormuz on the Indian Ocean. The terminal is expected to be operational in Q4 2014.

In Jan 2013 Concord Energy concluded the sale of 50% equity in the FOT project to Sinopec Kantons.

Several pipeline projects are aiming to transport oil and natural gas from the Arabian Gulf area for storage and vessel off-take in Fujairah. This will improve security, reduce shipping insurance and transport costs and allow the use of larger vessels than can be accommodated in the Gulf.

FOT will consist of eight tanks totalling 560,000m3 for crude oil and fuel oil, four tanks totalling 160,000m3 for fuel oil only, six tanks totalling 150,000m3 for gasoil (diesel), and fourteen tanks totalling 264,000m3 for petrol and naphtha. The total built up area for FOT Oil Storage Facility will be 298,323 m2.

The storage facility will meet

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The terminal is expected to be operational in Q4 2014 international standards, complying with the equator principles for financing and will attract independent major and national oil companies to lease and utilize the facilities on a long-term sustainable basis.

FOT will offer highly valued services including loading and discharge of partially laden very large crude carriers (VLCCs) for crude oil and fuel oil, blending of fuel oil and gasoline, loading of combination cargoes for both the regional and East African markets, and supply of bunker fuel.

Construction Management, as well as the Project Quality Management and HSE Management. This adds to the premier role of MUC Oil & Gas who is involved in over 60% of the Fujairah projects, offering consultancy services ranging from FEED & Construction Management to Specialized Studies and Operational Support.

Rotary Engineering (Singapore) was appointed as the EPC Contractor for the Project and Construction is due to take 21 months.

UAE-based engineering consultancy firm MUC Oil & Gas Engineering Consultancy has been appointed as the Employer’s Representative/ Consultant and will be taking the Project Management Consultancy role, including Project Design Management and overall

Fujairah is the second largest bunkering location in the world, behind Singapore and ahead of Rotterdam, and is being developed as the key logistics hub for the UAE. Independent storage capacity is forecast to grow from approximately 3.5 million m3 to 7 million m3.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

25

technical news

Cynergy3 launches new liquid level sensors A new range of optical liquid level sensors for single point liquid level detection is now available from Cynergy3 Components.

The OLS range of optical liquid level sensors provides customers with single point level sensing for a range of industrial and commercial applications, including general process engineering, chemicals, water and medical and life sciences.

This series of sensors incorporates an LED and phototransistor housed within an optical sensing tip at the head of the device. When no liquid is present, light from the LED is internally reflected by the tip from the LED to the phototransistor. When liquid covers the tip, some of the light is refracted into the liquid. Therefore, the amount of light received by the phototransistor is reduced and the sensor’s output changes state. This method of liquid level sensing does

CDI-T achieves 100 terminal companies The Chemical Distribution Institute (CDI) terminal inspection scheme is continuing to expand.

The scheme reported it has achieved 100 terminal company participants, equating to over 150 international CDI-T inspection reports available for CDI chemical companies to access.

The CDI Foundation is a nonprofit, non-commercial organisation funded by the chemical industry.

Its core membership currently comprises 71 international chemical companies including Chevron, Shell, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, Kuwait Petroleum, Gulf Petrochemical, Greenergy and Phillips 66.

It is responsible for the accreditation of inspectors and auditors to provide reports for use in the risk assessment process.

CDI online databases provide the facility to create, edit and interpolate the inspection and audit reports on a 24/7 global basis.

26

not require any form of calibration.

The sensors feature a transistor output which means they can be configured by the user to suit the particular application. Standard operating temperature range is from -25°C to 80°C, and custom versions are available that can operate in extended temperatures from -40°C to 125°C. High and low output versions of the sensors are also available.

The sensors are installed in either the side or bottom of a tank or similar storage vessel. The OLS range comprises three sensor series: the 2, 5 and 7 Series. The OLS2 Series is an externally mounted sensor with an M12 thread, the OLS5 Series is an internally mounted sensor with an M10 thread and the OLS7 Series is an externally mounted sensor with a 0.25” NPT thread and an open drain mosfet output. For the OLS2 and OLS5 sensors, output is via a TTL compatible push-pull output.

Cynergy3’s new range of level senors

Aker Solutions expands vapour recovery range Aker Cool Sorption (ACS) has launched its Depot Series range of vapour recovery units. These are a range of pre-designed, standardised, cost-effective vapour recovery units intended specifically for small- to medium-sized depots and terminals.

To add to the Depot Series range, ACS is launching its Terminal Series range of vapour recovery units. The Terminal Series covers a higher range of vapour flows, more commonly found in ship or barge loading operations and the wider range of products handled in such applications, which in addition to petrol would include crude oil, naphtha, condensate, benzene, xylene and toluene.

Advantages of a preengineered solution include: • Detailed engineering is available at an early phase of the project, usually during the tendering stages. Thus allowing the terminals engineers to complete their detailed engineering integration at an early stage of the delivery process.

• High system reliability, always an important factor for any

operation, arising from the repeatability of using proven pre-engineered designs.

• Early payback on investment.

Vapour recovery systems in almost any application provide for more than environmental pollution control, they also provide a valuable means for the control of inventory losses.

The range covers eight standard sizes, from the TS02500 to the largest DS13500, each system being based on the use of rotary vane vacuum pumps.

ACS has been using the rotary vane vacuum pump in vapour recovery system designs since 2001. This technology offers many advantages over conventional liquid ring vacuum pump designs and the rotary screw vacuum pumps; durability being one of the most ardent benefits over the screw pump. The rotary vane pump design is robust, having a test pressure of 20bar, and has good resistance to particulate contaminants with high level of reliability. In contrast, screw dry vacuum pumps have very tight tolerances and are extremely sensitive to particulate contaminants.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

technical news

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technical news

StocExpo achieves international recognition StocExpo, Europe’s leading international event for the tank terminal industry, has just been audited and approved by a global governing body for the exhibition industry.

UFI Event Approval is a quality label, awarded after a detailed quality assessment.

The event must be recognised as an international event with direct foreign exhibitors representing at least 10% of the total number of exhibitors, or with foreign visitors representing at least 5% of total number of visitors.

Cashco opens new German office Cashco, a Kansas, USheadquartered equipment manufacturer, recently opened a new sales and service office in Hoppegarten, Germany in response to the growth in sales of its line of control valves, regulators and tank equipment in Europe.

The facility will serve as a sales and service centre for Europe and western Asia and also provide Cashco with engineering and design capabilities, in addition to new manufacturing capabilities.

Clint Rogers, GM of Cashco’s valve division, says: ‘This will allow us to design and introduce new products that are unique to the European markets. Our desire is to share some design capabilities between the US and Europe and, hopefully, ship more US products to Europe and vice versa.’

The company produces a range of throttling rotary and linear control valves, pressure reducing regulators, back pressure regulators and vapour control systems.

28

In addition, audited figures for the statistics must be provided for at least the last edition of the event.

‘I am delighted that the show has received the official recognition it deserves,’ says Matt Benyon, MD of easyFairs (UK), the company that acquired StocExpo in 2011.

‘We are heading for another record year and are looking forward to developing the event in the years to come.’

On top of this StocExpo has followed in the footsteps of Tank Storage

magazine by undergoing the rigorous auditing process from the internationally recognised BPA. BPA Worldwide is an independent, not-for-profit organisation which verifies media data. Tank Storage magazine achieved a BPA audit in 2012 and StocExpo has now also been audited for the same year. The event will renew this audit after this year’s event in Antwerp on 19-21 March.

Now in its ninth year, the figures speak for themselves.

Last year the event boasted in excess of 180 exhibiting companies from 29 countries across the globe and experienced a 51% increase in quality visitors.

A BPA audit serves to verify these attendance and demographic figures to provide accurate and up to date information as to who is participating in the event.

Exhibitors, sponsors and visitors can now be assured of the event’s effectiveness in serving the tank terminal market.

Michael Smith Engineers expands vane pump offerings Pump provider Michael Smith Engineers recently added a new range of magnetically-coupled vane pumps to its range of pumping systems.

The M Pumps series allows for sealless, leak-free pumping and is available in plastic (polypropylene and PVDF) and stainless steel wet end construction.

The pumps are also offered in stainless steel multistage configurations for higher differential pressure applications.

In addition, this new series of vane pumps provide smooth, pulseless output and can handle thin liquid at relatively high pressures. They are self-priming and

some models can run dry for short periods, also able to compensate for wear through vane extension and good suction lift capabilities. All M Pumps are designed for close-coupling to the motor which minimises the space footprint needed.

The pump features a new design comprising a polypropylene pump head housed in a steel casing, capable of withstanding system pressures up to 15bar.

It is designed for pumping water at 6 litres per minute at a differential head of 17m. Its magnet coupling, pulseless flows and ability to withstand high system pressures assure no leakages.

The M Pump series housed in a steel casing

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

technical news

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

27

technical news

Dantec forms new partnership with Spanish distributor UK-based composite hose manufacturer Dantec has made its first European distributor partnership of 2013 in a deal with Spanish agent Murguia Tecnotech.

Based in the Basque city of Vitoria-Gastiez, Murguia Tecnotech supplies industrial hoses to Spain’s oil and gas sector. The new partnership will allow Dantec to target what is Europe’s fifth largest economy.

Dantec MD John Laidlaw says: ‘Spain is a new market that offers huge potential. The territory has a large and developed fuel network which gives the firm an instant market for its products.’ He estimates that the global composite hose sector is worth around £45 million (€52 million).

Dantec manufactures composite hoses for the transfer of oil products, petrol, chemicals and liquefied gases.

The firm works with a network of more than 50 distributors worldwide, with 70% of its turnover coming from overseas.

CS Storage receives CWB certification CST Storage in Canada has achieved its certification by the Canadian Welding Bureau (CWB), allowing it to provide welded structures that are certified to meet Level 2 of the Canadian welding code.

CST’s manufacturing facility in Parsons is subject to six monthly surveillance visits by a CWB representative to reassess that the welding work continues to code, followed by annual re-certifications.

CST Storage has been fabricating to the American Welding Society (AWS) and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) welding codes for many years.

The CWB certification is awarded individually on a plantby-plant basis and the certification process requires several steps.

30

Titrex launches new gauge Titrex has introduced a new and upgraded general purpose thickness gauge.

The Multigauge 5600 is based on the original Multigauge 5600, however has new features including a large colour display and clear graphic menu. Intuitive menus allow for easy navigation and added features have helped improve performance.

The gauge utilises the Multiple Echo technique to measure only metal substrate and ignore coatings up to 6mm thick. No grinding or removal of the coatings is required, reducing preparation time, saving both time and money when carrying out inspections. All probes have Intelligent Probe Recognition (IPR), which automatically adjusts settings in the gauge when connected.

Additionally, the Automatic Measurement Verification System (AMVS) ensures only true measurements are displayed, even on the most heavily corroded metals.

Single crystal probes, which have a number of advantages when measuring

Titrex’s Multigauge 5600 measures only metal substrate on curved and corroded surfaces, are protected by a membrane ensuring the probe is not easily damaged.

Roman Seliger designs breakaway couplings with optimised flow Roman Seliger has released a new product line of breakaway couplings designed to improve flow-through behaviour.

The company says it based its new breakaway couplings, ABVL (release by breaking pin) and ASVL (release by control cable), which boast four times greater throughput compared to conventional technology, on animals such as dolphins and squids before the designs were optimised via CFD or computational fluid dynamics analysis.

In addition to increased flowthrough, the newly

designed breakaway couplings offer a reduction of pressure loss and feature fewer parts for safe handling and simple maintenance. They emit low amounts of emissions through fast closing valves and allow flow-through in both directions.

The ABVL and ASVL products are also available as a joined marine version.

The ABVL breakaway coupling from Roman Seliger

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

technical news

Blackmer pumps ideal for oilfield operations Blackmer, a provider of positive displacement and centrifugal pumps and reciprocating compressor technologies, says its sliding vane pumps can be effectively deployed in oilfield fluid-transfer applications.

The design of its GX and X Series sliding vane pumps means they are well suited to such applications that require safe and efficient handling of non-corrosive industrial liquids and petroleum products such as petrol, fuel oils and lube oils. Their highsuction capabilities make them ideal for stripping lines and removing the heel from storage tanks, railcars and transport tankers.

Both models are built from cast iron

and operate via Blackmer’s sliding vane pumping principle that allows the pump to self-adjust for wear in order to maintain desired flow rates, while simultaneously offering self-priming and dry-run capabilities.

They also feature mechanical seal and ball-bearing construction and a symmetrical bearing-support system that assures even loading and an extended wear life.

Additionally, contamination risks are limited thanks to the pump’s external ballbearing construction, isolating it from the pumpage. An adjustable relief protects against excessive pumping pressures, while its vanes can be easily replaced without needing to remove the pump from the piping system.

The GX Series pump also offers a head-mounted gearreduction drive with oil-lubricated and hardened helical gears.

Both the X and GX Series pumps are available in four port sizes: 2”, 2.5”, 3” and 4”.

Garlock introduces new expansion joint Garlock, a provider of highperformance fluid sealing products for processing applications, has announced that one of its expansion joints is now available for applications where necessary rated pressures exceed those of its existing designs.

The Garlock 204 extreme pressure service abrupt arched expansion joint can now be used in applications where the Garlock Style 204 and 204 HP designs are unsuitable.

‘We expect the 204 to be a true work horse,’ says Sherwin Damdar, associate product manager for rubber expansion joints at Garlock Sealing Technologies. ‘The joint is particularly effective in extreme industrial applications like mining, nuclear power facilities, off shore oil rigs – everywhere where longevity and sealing integrity are essential.’

Sliding vane pump from Blackmer

Griswold’s centrifugal pumps overcome LACT challenges Pump manufacturer Griswold Pump says that its range of centrifugal pumps are suitable for leased asset custody transfer (LACT).

LACT is an activity in oil and natural gas production and, according to Griswold, its 811 Series ANSI centrifugal pumps offer the necessary capabilities for this activity.

A LACT unit automatically measures, samples and transfers oil from a lease location into the oilfield into a pipeline, from where it is then transferred to a terminal or end-user.

This pump series meets the challenges that can be associated with LACT operations because they are capable of complete oil transfer from a tanker to a client’s storage tank, as well as transloading product

from a tanker to a railcar.

They satisfy the diverse needs of a LACT operation because they have been engineered for flexibility, efficiency and durability. They have two times the wear area between the case and impeller when compared to closed-impeller designs. The 811’s open-impeller design also minimises concentrated wear by balancing the hydraulic thrust load and reducing stuffing-box pressure.

The casing of an 811 Series pump can be constructed from ductile iron, CDM4Cu, Alloy 20 or stainless steel.The pumps are available in a range of sizes with flow rates up to 4,000 gpm (15,142 L/min) with the ability to operate in temperatures up to 260ºC.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

LRES-UK LTD is a highly skilled industrial cleaning specialist company offering a wide range of services throughout the UK. We provide a range of tank cleaning services through our experienced teams.

Fully certified and aware of all relevant regulations, our operatives are able to clean tanks located both and above ground to the same high standard encompasses the following: oil and chemical tanks, gas free certificates provided, petrol forecourt services, zone zero work undertaken.

LRES UK also offers external and internal preparation and painting of plant, tanks and internal lining works undertaken.

Lining can be catered to specific requirements.

Please contact us on the following: Phone: 0845 265 8331 Email: sales@lresuk.com www.lresuk.com 31

technical news

SFC’s valve actuator helps oil and chemical industries Smith Flow Control (SFC) says its valve actuator can help companies manage their valve operations.

The company’s EasiDrive portable valve actuator operates valves in oil refineries, power plants and chemical processing facilities. A single tool is able to operate multiple valves and at the same time reduce fatigue and injury risk.

The tool is particularly suitable for valves that require a high number of turns or are otherwise difficult to operate because of high torque or where adverse climates make for more

SFC’s EasiDrive valve actuator has been fitted in petrochemical refineries challenging operations.

SFC says its Singapore-

based agent Triple-Max Engineering has supplied

EasiDrive Systems to large petrochemical refineries.

EasiDrive is lightweight and adaptable, with a custom engineered reaction device that protects the user from the ‘kick’ usually associated with other torque tools, eliminating the possibility of any injury associated with its operation.

EasiDrive also features a variable output torque, controlled by a choice of limited pre-set filter regulator packs, which prevents excessive torque being applied and ensures proper and safe operation of the valve.

GA&FP offers portable platforms for shale oil applications Access and fall protection equipment manufacturer Green Access and Fall Protection (GA&FP) offers portable loading/ unloading platforms designed specifically for use in remote shale oil fields.

The company’s temporary loading station can be broken down and taken to the next facility or project. This replaces the installation of a permanent platform that can be used in one location only.

For example, this modular equipment can be installed at a transloading facility on one side of the rail line to unloading fracking sand.

A temporary loading station from GA&FP

StocExpo 2013 to answer industry’s biggest questions Twenty-five of the world’s biggest authorities in the bulk liquid storage sector are to address a whole host of key issues when they speak at the StocExpo conference at Antwerp Expo on 19-21 March.

Mark Lewis, MD of Facts Global Energy Group will, for example, examine the true implications for oil storage needs, international refining trends and whether the demand for imports in Europe has changed. Commercial manager of the Antwerp Chemical Cluster at the Port of Antwerp, Xavier Vanrolleghem, will provide a practical insight into terminal capacity trends by sharing a case study of how the port is adapting and changing within the current challenging market.

Francois Van Noten, European project manager of the Petroleum Supplier

32

Segment, will look closely at the initiative in Europe to implement supply management systems and its impact on operational efficiency within terminals. This will include a country analysis of the terminals in scope for 2013 and 2014, plus an appraisal of the benefits such as improved forecasting.

And with much talk about the opportunities provided by diversification in the crude market, Alan Gelder, head of oils research at Wood Mackenzie, will kick-start Day Two with a databased examination of the diversification challenges and the market for European crude. Risk mitigation and safety best practice will be covered too.

There will also be a heavy focus on safety with John Reynolds, director at Fire Safety Training, and Filip Coumans,

senior adviser at BST Solutions, presenting on this topic before the focus shifts to new technological development for tank storage safety on Day Three.

Many of the sessions on this day will use case studies to bring everyone up to speed with changes in the design and construction of tank foundations, the latest modifications and newest technologies that enhance tank storage safety.

Commenting on the programme, Matt Benyon, StocExpo MD, says: ‘Europe is a crucial industry hub facing so many issues, opportunities and threats at the moment. For senior decision makers working in the tank storage sector, it is difficult to get a clear distillation of what this all means. Our speaker programme will provide some much-needed clarity.’

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

technical news

Leighs Paints changes name Industrial coatings supplier Leighs Paints, a supplier of industrial coatings, is now trading as Sherwin-Williams Protective and Marine Coatings (SWP&MC).

SWP&MC is part of Sherwin-Williams’ Global Finishes Group and will continue to manufacture its Firetex range of passive fire protection (PFP) products, with a

particular focus on expanding its presence in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

SWP&MC provides PFP and anticorrosive coatings solutions to the oil and gas sector as well as the fire protection, steel and marine industries. Its Firetex range of intumescent and insulation coatings offers protection against both cellulosic

and hydrocarbon pool and jet fires and cryogenic spillage, and have been used in more than 400 projects around the world.

UK-based Leighs Paints was acquired by Sherwin-Williams in July 2011. The SWP&MC part of the business currently distributes products across 47 countries worldwide.

The need for speed schedule. Jet Set operators cut the complete bottom of the 70 metre diameter tanks into plates 6x2 metres in not more than 100 cutting house, despite the fact that 20% of the tank was double plated.

Named after a baitworm that lives on the ocean floor, Ragworm crawls along the bottom of the tank and cuts away sheet after sheet of steel plate. It can also ride along the side of the tank and separate the walls from the floor.

Refinements over the last year have almost doubled Ragworm’s speed.

It can cut through 6m thick carbon steel at an average

of 100 metres per hour.

Jet Set president Martin Grijpstra says: ‘Ragworm is at least five times faster than cutting with torches and 30 times faster than the standard gouging method and you have no follow-up damage to the tank foundation.

‘We can set up to three or more Ragworm robots at once in the tank to do the job and you can be doing other work in the tank at the same time as we are cutting – saving time and money.’

The Ragworm is powered by a 55,000psi (3,800 bar) diesel waterjet intensifier pump manufactured by Jet Edge of St Michael, Minnesota.

Using only 4 litres of water a minute Ragworm has minimal impact (5cm or 2psi) on the underlying foundation. It requires only two operators, once controlling the diesel generated power pack and Jet Edge waterjet intensifier pump located outside the tank, the other controlling the cutter unit within the tank.

GJP4.6e13

Last February Netherlandsbased Jet Set Hydro Technics started work on a project at the BP-operated Ineos Finnart Ocean terminal in Scotland, UK, simultaneously using two Ragworm machines.

Ragworm is a unique robotic system that uses dual 46,000 psi (3,200 bar) waterjets to strip the tank walls from their old floors and roofs without the risk of explosion or creating toxic fumes associated with traditional cutting methods such as oxyacetylene torches.

When cutting started, the tank renovation project was eight days behind schedule.

When complete the project was four days ahead of

Jet Mixer Systems to mix and circulate liquids, achieving a three dimensional flow in the tank without producing a rotating motion and without additional emission coming out of the tank.

Advantages: high efficiency, high operating safety, long life time, no turning parts so little wear and tear, resistant to fouling.

StocExpo Europe, 19-21 March 2013, Stand no. H58

GEA Process Engineering

GEA Wiegand GmbH Phone: +49 7243 705-0, Internet: www.gea.com

Ragworm is at least five times faster than cutting with torches and 30 times faster than the standard gouging method

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

engineering for a better world

17612-az-GJP4.6e13_90x135_rz.indd 1

33

07.02.13 16:52

incident report terminal news

Providing terminals with up-to-date information on fires, leaks, spills and accidents in the oil and petrochemical industry n 22/02/13 Pemex

Tuxpan, Mexico

A small fire broke out near to Pemex’s fuel storage tanks in Tuxpan. The blaze started at around 11pm.

The Mexican state oil company said reports of explosion were not true, adding that no one was injured and the facility’s operations were unaffected.

n 21/02/13 Belle Glade, Florida, US

A fire broke out near a 1,000-gallon propane tank at Duda Farms, affecting the hose that fills the storage tanks.

Eleven fire rescue teams, including Palm Beach County Fire Rescue and Special Operations, attended the site at around 9.45am and found the hose was on fire.

n 16/02/13 Eco Energy A fire that broke out in a fuel tank farm in North Carolina is thought to have started following a

North Carolina, US lightning strike.

The blaze set fire to Eco Energy’s 40,000-gallon ethanol storage tank located near Paw Creek.

The incident occurred around 4pm and required more than 70 fire fighters to bring it under control using water and foam. Nobody was injured.

Another possible cause is static discharge. n 04/02/13 Rangoon’s Hlaing River, Four people were killed and another six injured in Burma when an oil tanker exploded.

Burma One tanker exploded and another was destroyed by a subsequent fire. The tankers were docking at Myawaddy Trading company at the time.

The cause of the explosion is not yet known.

An explosion at an oil storage tank terminal injured two people. n 29/01/13 Van Zandt County,

Texas, US The pair of 24-year-olds were trespassing on the property and the incident occurred when they began smoking a cigarette on top of a tank before 3am.

The county’s fire marshal said the trespassers were taken to hospital after suffering second degree burns on their upper bodies. They have since been charged.

A number of fire departments, including Van Zandt County, Tyler and Lindale, responded to the blast, which left two out of the terminal’s five storage tanks on fire. Crews used a foam blanket to prevent it from spreading to the other tanks. n 28/01/13 Hunan province, China

Five people were killed and another five injured when an oil storage tank exploded. Two were in a critical condition and taken to hospital.

A fire also broke out after the explosion and was later extinguished. An initial investigation said the incident was caused by illegal welding and installation of an oil tank. n 27/01/13 Texas, US Firefighters tackled a fire at an oil tank facility in Texas, US at the end of January.

The facility, located south of Moore County, had four tanks ablaze on the morning and 11 fire trucks were despatched from surrounding counties to deal with it.

A report by fire chief Richard Lake stated that only the tanks were damaged and noone was injured. The flames were brought under control around 12.30pm.

The cause of the incident is being investigated but Lake believes it to be accidental at this time.

Loading made easy – safely www.rs-seliger.de 34 rs816ga-kleinanzeigen-2013-sga-en-185x60-end.indd

1

02.01.2013 09:49:01 March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal news

From the level instrument through to your ERP system.

Inventory management solutions of Endress+Hauser!

Endress+Hauser inventory management solutions help you to reduce inventory costs, to improve customer satisfaction and to increase productivity. From easy monitoring of tanks and silos through to highly accurate tank gauging at tank farms and the automation of terminals, Endress+Hauser – being one of the leading manufacturers of instrumentation – offers, apart from all relevant measuring technologies, also the appropriate software packages to monitor your inventories. Endress+Hauser also supports you in the optimization of your supply chain with individual software solutions for your inventory management and the integration of this data into your company processes and your ERP system. www.tank-gauging.endress.com

Endress+Hauser GmbH+Co. KG Hauptstraße 1 79689 Maulburg Germany

Phone +49 7622 28-0 Fax +49 7622 28-1438 warren.galbraith@pcm.endress.com www.tank-gauging.endress.com

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

33

regulations

34

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

regulations

New NACE standard introduces DNA-based corrosion detection

Diagnosing MIC Broadly speaking, the primary objectives in characterising a corrosion mechanism

and the extent of biotic of local corrosion products may gases, dissolved oxygen and influence in oilfield and also be affected by constituents scale formation) must also be storage tank systems are: of the bulk fluid composition. evaluated and weighed in 1. Relating corrosion products Typically more than one comparison to potential biotic to the corrosion reactions analytical method is required to contributors to corrosion.

2. Relating microbiological fully characterise the chemical activities to corrosion composition of corrosion Types of microorganisms Since reactions (and corrosion products to address organic microorganisms are ubiquitous products) in a particular and inorganic, crystalline and and extremely versatile, MIC environment amorphous components. usually takes place in the 3. Identifying microbes that support the mechanism in that environment 4. Spatially associating microbes with the corrosion reactions/ corrosion damage at some point in the corrosion process Consideration of these four objectives is essential to accurately diagnose MIC, even for Crude oil export spool piece with a cutout section for MIC examination tank storage of products typically considered to be non-corrosive, as water and Microbiological reactions presence of complex microbial solids accumulation in tank Understanding the composition consortia that are comprised bottoms is nearly inevitable. of the corrosion products, the of more than one physiological next objective is to consider the type of microorganism.

Corrosion products extent to which the presence Depending on the Accurately relating corrosion and activities of microorganisms environment, these microbes products to the problem is could have influenced the may include metal-oxidizing inherently more complicated formation of such products bacteria, sulfate-reducing than it sounds. Changes in in the anodic and/or prokaryotes, acid-producing corrosion products can occur cathodic corrosion reactions. bacteria, metal-reducing almost instantly upon removal Microorganisms may influence bacteria and methanogens from a pipeline or storage corrosion reactions in a number that interact in complex tank, and exposure to the of different ways including ways within the structure of atmosphere can significantly promoting concentration biofilms. Characterisation alter test results if precautions and differential aeration cells, of the numbers and types are not undertaken. cathodic depolarisation, of organisms present in the Furthermore, the ability to sulfide production, acidic biofilms associated with collect samples from active species formation and corrosion can be performed in areas of corrosion inside an elevating corrosion current many ways, however, MMM now operating pipeline or storage through biomineralized oxide described in NACE International tank is often quite limited and production. The influence standard TM0212-2012 are may require special access of abiotic environmental providing new insights over tools. A relatively small volume conditions (e.g. chlorides, acid culture-based techniques since

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

37

Source: Torben Lund Skovhus, DTI Oil & Gas, Denmark

Tank farm and storage terminal infrastructures are susceptible to a number of internal corrosion threat mechanisms. Innovative molecular microbiological methods (MMM) are now being employed by the industry to diagnose and reduce the threat of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).

Although forensic and medical sciences have used genetic methods for decades to provide valuable diagnostic clues, the application of MMM for solving MIC problems has only recently begun to see broader practical use in the oil, gas and petroleum industry.

Over the past several years, an increasing number of technical papers have reported using MMM to investigate corrosion issues in the field. Likewise, the number of service providers and consultants providing these services to the oil and gas industry has also increased.

The growing awareness of genetic test methods is further reflected in the recently published NACE International standard TM02122012 ‘Detection, Testing, and Evaluation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on Internal Surfaces of Pipelinesi.’For storage terminal operators, the first step in managing the threat of internal MIC is diagnosing the likelihood of the mechanism becoming a problem in their facility.

regulations most microorganisms are not recoverable in growth media.

Spatial significance Perhaps the most difficult objective – correlating the presence of the microorganisms believed to be supporting the corrosion mechanism with the physical corrosion damage – is essential to confirming the diagnosis of MIC. This is particularly difficult under dynamic conditions where a biofilm may have been involved in initiating the corrosion that later shifted to a mechanism that was abiotic (e.g. under deposit). Thus the concept of understanding how corrosion occurred over time must be a thread that carries through the investigation.

In view of this diagnostic process, it is clear that various layers of analytical technologies are needed to fully understand the corrosion environment, and further that the proper expertise is needed to apply and interpret the findings.

NACE International standard TM0212-2012 When combining corrosion and microbiological analytical methods, it quickly becomes apparent that there are different layers or levels of technological sophistication that can be applied to corrosion problem solving. Corrosion monitoring can, for example, be performed using a variety of methods, ranging in sophistication from mass loss coupons to electrical resistance probes and electrochemical noise.

Likewise, the microbial ecology within a pipeline or storage tank facility can be evaluated with techniques that extend from liquid culture growth media to microscopic examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

While all of these methods may be useful, the type and quality of data provided, plus the knowledge required for proper application and interpretation, vary considerably.

38

Illustration of the different pools of microorganisms (active, inactive, and dead) typically present in samples from the petroleum industry, and the portions that are enumerated using different microbiology techniques (MPN represents commonly used liquid culture media, DAPI and FISH represent microscopic examination techniques and qPCR is a purely genetic technique based on the amplification of DNA or RNA, genetic material)ii Beyond providing different information about the sample, the methods also have varying detection limits, interferences with sample composition, preservation and handling requirements, test duration and costs; all of which must be considered, when selecting methods for field application.

When attempting to understand the threat of MIC in a pipeline or storage tank system, the main objective is to identify potential corrosion mechanism(s) based on physical, chemical and microbiological factors present in the facility.

Assessing or measuring each of these internal corrosion threat

factors can be accomplished by using a number of different technologies which can be applied with different levels of rigor. Something as seemingly simple as fluid temperature could be measured based on a single point measurement at one location in the pipeline or could be mapped for the entire system based on dynamic flow modeling under all possible operating conditions.

Which approach is the most optimal? Part of the answer comes during integration and analysis of the available data.

While higher temperatures generally result in higher corrosion rates, a pipeline system could show more severe corrosion further downstream from a high temperature fluid source as more diverse sessile microbial consortia are able to develop at lower temperatures, promoting the formation of corrosive biofilms. This could only be understood if microbiological analysis was used to accurately distinguish changes in population type and numbers and enough temperature data were collected to quantify

Typical internal corrosion threats in storage tanks and terminal piping

Internal corrosion Physical and

threat operational

Supporting factors Chemical

Under deposit Solids accumulation, Surface deposit and

corrosion fluid movement biofilm composition

(UDC) in tank and distribution

Oxygen Tank design

corrosion and use

Microbiological

Types, abundance of bacteria/ archaea present in solids

Bulk fluid chemistry, chloride content, dissolved oxygen level

Aerobic bacteria

Hydrogen Solids accumulation, Sulfate and iron ion

sulfide length of time availability, pH,

corrosion product is stored, dissolved oxygen level

temperature

Abundance of SRB, fermenters and some methanogens that produce hydrogen sulfide

MIC

Solids accumulation, Dissolved gas levels tank cleanout nutrient availability practices, circulation in tank, temperature

Types, abundance of bacteria and archaea present on surfaces

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

regulations challenges in storage tank facilities include: - Limitations for sample collection - Sedimentation in large tanks without circulation - Infrequent downtime for tank cleanout - Difficulty in effectively delivering inhibitor or biocide treatments - Concern about product contamination or limitations on chemical treatment - Insufficient early warning for damage resulting from MIC

Evidence of MIC and pitting attack in carbon steel crude oil piping after sandblasting the surface

Heavy attack of MIC in a multi-phase carbon steel flow line

MIC mitigation strategies If MIC is determined to be a likely threat in a storage tank facility, and if the potential risk associated with the corrosion damage is sufficiently high, the selection of mitigation methods and application strategies may be required. The selection of mitigation measures and monitoring techniques to ensure the measures are working should always be based on clear identification of the corrosion threat or threats, as also explained previously.

Optimal mitigation programmes should not be based on threats that are merely assumed to be present. For example, bacteria may be detected nearly anywhere in storage terminal facilities, however, it does not mean that the threat of MIC is widespread or that corrosion mitigation is required throughout the facility. Mitigation should be targeted where the threat from corrosion damage results in unacceptable consequences.

Corrosion mitigation and monitoring programmes for tank farms and storage terminals present a number of challenges, particularly compared to a pipeline system.

Some of the corrosion mitigation

Mitigation of MIC can be achieved through chemical treatment, control of operating parameters, facility design, and maintenance activities; or a combination of these methods. The selection of mitigation methods should be based on the corrosion threats present (in addition to MIC) and the conditions associated with the design, operation and maintenance of the facility.

Certain parts of the storage terminal may require different mitigation strategies, e.g. tanks may require different mitigation than piping between tanks. Optimum mitigation strategies for MIC result from good working relationships between corrosion engineers, facility operators, microbiologists and chemical vendors.

Benefits for storage facility operators The increased application of MMM in managing internal MIC

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

Typical sample for MIC investigation.

2-3 cm thick layer of combined scale, biofilm and corrosion products covering the inner metal surfaces. of piping and tanks provides a number of benefits to operators of storage facilities: - Improved MMM analytical tools are more diagnostic - Better diagnosis leads to optimised mitigation strategies for controlling the threat of MIC - Monitoring programs are able to catch MIC at an earlier point in time before significant damage occurs - Facility uptime is improved if failures are avoided and repairs are reduced A fundamental understanding of the microbial population present in tank farms and storage terminals and its relationship to localised corrosion is achievable using MMM. As with any technology, MMM must be applied and interpreted correctly and fully integrated with corrosion and operational data to provide useful answers to operators.

Continued collaboration

between corrosion practitioners, microbiologists, pipeline and storage tank operators and chemical providers is an essential component of developing new MIC management tools and correctly applying advanced technologies such as MMM. Clearly established MIC testing procedures and tools for diagnosing MIC are evolving with help from the NACE community and is now part of the newly published NACE International standard TM0212-2012, which is free to all members of NACE. For more information:

This article was written by Torben Lund Skovhus, PhD, Team Leader, Danish Technological Institute, DTI Oil and Gas and Richard B. Eckert, principal engineer – Internal Corrosion Management, Det Norske Veritas USA. www.dti.dk, www.dnv.com i NACE International Standard TM0212-2012, Standard Test Method Detection, Testing, and Evaluation of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion on Internal Surfaces of Pipelines, NACE International, Houston, TX. ISBN 1-57590-255-9. ii C. Whitby & T.L. Skovhus (2011).

Applied Microbiology and Molecular Biology in Oil Field Systems. Chapter 4. Springer Publisher. ISBN 978-90-481-9251-9.

39

Source: Torben Lund Skovhus, DTI Oil & Gas, Denmark

the temperature drop along the length of the pipeline.

Correlation of temperature, microbiological data and the distribution/severity of corrosion damage in this case would help to define the conditions promoting the actual corrosion mechanism taking place in the system under investigation.

The drivers for selecting the appropriate technologies for assessment of factors related to the corrosion mechanism will vary in each particular case.

Careful analysis and integration of existing data will often provide guidance in the selection of additional testing, particularly when knowledgeable corrosion and microbiology subject matter experts provide input based on their experience in similar situations.

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

profile

Vopak Terminal Eemshaven in the Netherlands

Transport LNG, turnaround times and Thames Oilport

Frits Eulderink, COO of Vopak, tells Tank Storage magazine what it is focusing on in 2013

The general financial climate has been anything but stable over the past few years, impacting everyone from car manufacturers to furniture retailers. Terminal operators, although more resilient than some, have not been immune to the affects.

This year there are signs of economic recovery, but not everywhere, and as Frits Eulderink, COO of Vopak, explains, the uncertainty is not over yet.

‘People are more upbeat than they were a few years ago but the crisis is still apparent, especially in Europe,’ he explains.

Optimism in North America is boosted by many shale developments, the fear of a major slow down in China is less acute now and Latin America is even

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

predicting some growth.

Europe, on the other hand, is largely still in recession and its economy is unlikely to grow much during 2013.

‘The troubled climate affects our customers, and that in turn impacts us,’ Eulderink continues.

‘Occupancy at some sites is still as strong as it’s ever been, whereas others are suffering. Just like with real estate, it is the prime locations that suffer least.

With many markets in backwardation, interest from traders is understandably reduced. ‘As part of our strategy we try to ensure we diversify our markets so we’re not too reliant on one particular customer base. But flexibility costs money so we have to get the balance right.’

Biofuels, for example,

represent a very dynamic market that relies heavily on political support. ‘We are well positioned to cater for the market if it grows but, if not, we have a fall back plan,’ he adds.

One facility specifically set up not to offer much flexibility is Vopak’s terminal in Eemshaven, the Netherlands, which is designed solely for strategic oil reserves.

The facility opened in October 2012 with an initial capacity of 660,000m3, which can be rented out for a longterm period. ‘We don’t expect the throughput to be very high at the facility,’ Eulderink says, ‘so we have made some strategic investment savings to lower the cost to the customer at the expenses of reduced turnaround times elsewhere.’

One area that Vopak does

41

profile not curtail investment in is safety. The company invests heavily in training and has engaged the Behavioural Science Technology to monitor employees’ safety culture.

‘Over 90% of staff participated in the scheme,’ Eulderink adds. ‘Since Buncefield we have also upgraded our overfill protection systems across the globe.’

Vopak has also installed a modern terminal automation system at Westpoort and will be rolling this out at its new facility in Spain.

‘That’s not to say ensuring safety is always easy though,’ Eulderink admits. ‘We work in a capital intensive industry where much of the infrastructure was built a long time ago. The changes we need to make today are very different to those required a few years ago, and they’re going to change again in the future.’

Over capacity?

Vopak is showing no signs of slowing its growth and will open its latest terminal in the Spanish port of Algeciras by the end of March.

The 403,000m3 oil product storage terminal is located near a major shipping transit lane on the Strait of Gibraltar, a key logistics and bunkering hub, and the bulk of capacity will be used for fuel oil storage.

‘We are extremely excited to get this up and running,’ Eulderink says.

‘We are pleased to be able to make some small contribution to improving

Spain’s troubled economy.’

When it comes to future growth, Vopak is still very much looking for new opportunities.

‘Over capacity is a risk we have to be very mindful of,’ he explains. ‘We see two types of players in this sector – those that are in it for the long haul and private equity companies that are looking to make a short-term profit. This is what can lead to instability.’

There is a bigger risk of over capacity in developed parts of Europe. Around the edges of Europe, where economies are still growing, is where Eulderink sees the most potential for future storage growth.

‘We are extremely interested in entering the Turkish market,’ Eulderink divulges. ‘We are on the

include Gothenburg and Nynashamn in Sweden, Zeebrugge in Belgium, Rotterdam in the Netherlands and Singapore.

‘Conventionally, LNG tends to be stored in dedicated LNG import terminals but, if and when LNG becomes a transport fuel, it is feasible that LNG tanks could be co-located with bulk liquid storage facilities.

Frits Eulderink, COO, Vopak ‘For example we may build an LNG tank on the

lookout for a suitable partner to work with and are looking to make our next step.’

Vopak has been interested in that market for over five years. Back in 2008 it acquired a 26 hectare industrial plot of land on the coast of the Sea of Marmara in the vicinity of Yalova, Republic of Turkey. It struggled to secure a licence to convert the site however, so decided to abandon the project.

land at our existing terminal in Gothenburg,’ Eulderink adds.

The driving force behind LNG Another area which Eulderink sees growing is the use of LNG as a transport fuel. This is a move being considered to reduce emissions, but will require a fair amount of new infrastructure.

Ports that are developing LNG bunkering infrastructure

‘We are extremely interested in entering the Turkish market. We are on the lookout for a suitable partner to work with and are looking to make our next step’ Frits Eulderink, COO of Vopak

42

Thames Oilport At the end of last year Vopak, along with Greenergy and Shell UK, completed the acquisition of the former Coryton oil refinery in Essex, UK. The new site was named Thames Oilport.

‘The first thing we have to do is to complete a safety assessment. Providing we don’t find any nasty surprises the plan is to have this up and running as a storage facility by the middle of this year.

We will start operations with minimal configurations and allow for more sophisticated blending processes over time.

‘We feel privileged to be part of this crucial facility.

Many people talk about the trend to convert refineries to storage but they are often not located in the correct location. This facility can serve the south east of England, and particularly London.

Drawbacks of having the world’s largest facility In Rotterdam Vopak is expanding its Europoort terminal with eight new tanks

making a joint capacity of 400,000m3. The present storage capacity is 3.3 million m3. The tanks will be used to store jet fuel and are expected to come online in Q2 2014.

However, such a high throughput comes with its own set of complications. For a few years now the facility has been receiving odour complaints.

Efforts to combat this problem include reducing pumping speeds while loading and offloading, which greatly increases loading times. The smell is often reduced in this manner but, as a result, ships can be moored for a longer period of time at jetties, which could result in longer than expected delays.

Vopak continues to work on a more long-term solution. ‘We are the first to address this issue on such a large scale,’ Eulderink says.

‘We are still carrying out tests but expect to install a combination of regenerative thermal oxidiser and vapour combustion equipment.’

The company vows to get this sorted as soon as possible, but in the meantime it intends to fight off competition by offering a supreme service and continue to sniff out future growth opportunities.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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43

storage in Europe

A lot can happen

in a year Tank Storage Magazine looks at the key acquisitions that have taken place across Europe over the past 12 months At the beginning of last year Canada’s Inter Pipeline Fund, which already owns Simon Storage, completed the acquisition of four oil storage terminals in Denmark from a subsidiary of Dong Energy for C$459 million (€342 million).

With a combined capacity of close to 3.1 million m3 of European storage capacity now within its portfolio, Inter Pipeline Fund now has become one of the top bulk liquid storage providers in Europe.

The company’s Danish

44

subsidiary, Inter Terminals, operates four oil terminals at deepwater ports in the Danish Straits, a strategic position on the main trade route in and out of the Baltic and for much of northern Europe. The four terminals – Ensted, Stigsnaes, Asnaes and Gulfhavn – have a combined capacity of 1.8 million m3.

Key products Inter Terminals handles two categories of products. One category is heated oils in the form of fuel oil and vacuum gasoil. These are stored at the Ensted, Asnaes and Stigsnaes terminals, which have an aggregate capacity of close to 1.2 million m3. The other category is middle distillates, which in the company’s case currently means diesel, gasoil and jet fuel. The middle

distillates are stored at the Gulfhavn facility where there is a little over 600,000m3 capacity. The company does not store crude oil or petrol at this point in time but is working on it, according to Inter Terminals’ CEO Aage Faurholt ‘We have some of our storage under long-term contract but I think it is hardly surprising to anyone that longer-term contracts are getting harder to come by following two years of backwardation in the market,’ Faurholt says. ‘The tendency has been towards shorter period contracts.’

For Inter Terminals, the utilisation rates are still relatively healthy, particularly for the heated storage tanks.

However, the company faces a more challenging time with the middle distillates.

‘The middle distillate tanks

at our Gulfhavn terminal have been used quite a bit for contango storage.

With the lack of contango in the market, demand for middle distillates storage has been negatively impacted,’ the CEO continues. ‘While we have some challenges on middle distillates, occupancy and activity at our heated tank storage facilities is quite good. ‘ Capital spending Inter Pipeline Fund expects to spend approximately C$20 million on organic growth capital projects in its bulk liquid storage segment during 2013.

Roughly half of this amount is expected to be incurred at Inter Terminals, of which approximately C$9 million will be spent to acquire a fourth tank at the Ensted terminal.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

storage in Europe ‘The acquisition of the M10 tank at Ensted was part of Inter Pipeline’s original acquisition deal with Dong Energy,‘ Faurholt explains.

‘All four tanks at the terminal were part of the deal but M10 stayed in Dong Energy’s hands for a while because it needed that tank to store fuel for its power plants.’

The M10 tank passed into Inter Terminals’ hands early this year. A further C$1 million has been earmarked for new blending equipment.

Faurholt says that over the past 18 months, Inter Terminals already has been installing mixers in quite a few of the company’s heated tanks for homogenisation purposes.

About 80% of the total heated tank capacity is now able to blend products in-tank.

One of the biggest advantages of Inter Terminals’ facilities, Faurholt says, is that they are deepwater terminals with ship handling facilities, which make them suitable for breaking or building bulk.

The company can accommodate VLCCs at the Ensted and Stigsnaes terminals.

At Asnaes and Gulfhavn, tankers up to 175,000 dwt are able to dock, but only partladen up to 120,000-130,000 tonnes in the case of Gulfhavn.

There is scope for further expansion opportunities at the Gulfhavn terminal with the potential to add a further 2 million m3 of

storage. Gulfhavn was one of the earlier European refineries that was converted into a storage terminal.

‘We have the space for close to 2 million m3 of additional tankage at Gulfhavn but that’s the maximum and wouldn’t necessarily be the capacity we would go ahead and build,’ Faurholt explains, adding that the company had

as to the direction of the bulk liquids storage market in Europe, and which products are going to be in demand, Inter Terminals’ solution is to maximise the flexibility of the assets it has. The company intends to initiate a process soon whereby it hopes to secure permits to also store crude and petrol at the Gulfhavn terminal within the next couple of years.

A further C$1 million has been earmarked for new blending equipment plans to secure the necessary permits within two years to build new storage tanks.

But the CEO says the company will not build any new tanks unless it has contracts in place against the additional space. He points to the experience of the shipping market where every time the market is good, owners build a lot of new ships which end up damaging the market. He believes that a similar situation has happened to some of the storage industry in Europe.

‘The good thing in shipping is that if you have a bad market for a while, people start scrapping ships and the volumes disappear. I don’t see anyone scrapping storage tanks,’ says Faurholt.

With so much uncertainty

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

A big uncertainty for many storage companies at this time is the SECA regulations that come into force from 2015. The upcoming legislation pertains to the sulphur content in bunker oil. In the areas covered by SECA, i.e. northern Europe and around North American shores, the sulphur content of bunker fuel will be limited to 0.1% compared with 1% today.

This will mean burning fuel oil straight will no longer be an option after 2015 for ships trading in these geographical areas; they either will have to install scrubbers or switch to gasoil, LNG which is not currently readily available.

‘It is difficult to predict which way this is going to go,’ Faurholt says. ‘We think

that initially quite a few of the ship owners will be switching over to gasoil. That probably means less demand for fuel oil, but more demand for gasoils. That could be good news for our Gulfhavn middle distillates blending storage.’

Given the small volumes of chemicals moving in and out of Denmark, diversifying into chemical storage is not an option for Inter Terminals, but Faurholt remains quite sanguine about prospects for the company’s oil storage business ‘We have fairly good occupancy rates for our heated tanks,’ he says. ‘This is likely to continue even with the SECA regulations. While there may be some move away from fuel oil for marine bunkers, which will of course impact fuel oil storage demand from 2015, we should be able to reap the benefits of having more demand for gasoil.’

Sinopec gains foothold in EU oil storage Marking the first time a stateowned Chinese company has acquired European oil storage assets, a unit of China’s Sinopec Group in October entered into a joint venture with Geneva-based Mercuria Energy Group, under which it will acquire a 50% stake in Mercuria subsidiary Vesta Terminals.

The agreement was reached between Sinomart KTS Development, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sinopec Kantons Holdings, and Mercuria Energy Asset Management (MEAM), a wholly owned subsidiary of Mercuria Energy Group. Sinomart is spending €128.6 million

45

storage in Europe on the transaction, which also includes an option to acquire all of MEAM’s interests in a Brazilian storage tank project.

Vesta Terminals owns approximately 1.6 million m3 of petroleum products and biofuels storage at three terminals in Tallin, Antwerp and Flushing. Vesta is also planning to expand storage capacity on land it already owns at its existing sites.

The transaction remains subject to the completion of certain conditions, after which Vesta Terminals will continue to provide storage services to existing and new third party customers alongside its new shareholders.

Sinopec Group was believed to have been looking to enter Europe’s oil storage business through acquisition for a while.

Sinopec Kantons says the acquisition provides the group with ‘a good opportunity

to achieve rapid expansion in the European bulk liquid terminals business’. Since the terminals in both Antwerp and Flushing are included in the Intercontinental Exchange and the Platts trading platform, the investment will also support the Sinopec Group’s international trade of refined petroleum products by enabling it to participate in Platts transactions, as well as creating synergies between the group’s existing oil storage and trade businesses.

Westway divestment US bulk liquid storage and liquid animal feed supplement provider Westway Group completed the sale of a number of its European bulk liquid terminals, together with its liquid feed supplement business, to commodities specialist ED&F Man Holdings in January, the group’s largest

shareholder. The price tag on the deal, which follows a year-long strategic review

by Westway of its operations, was approximately $112 million (€85.6 million).

In a separate transaction completed on 1 February 2013, Westway Group became a wholly owned subsidiary of an affiliate of North European private equity group EQT. Including the purchase of Westway warrants and convertible preferred share, the deal was valued at about $419 million. EQT made the acquisition through its Infrastructure II fund.

The European terminals sold to ED&F Man were the Regent Road and Sandhills terminals in Liverpool, UK; the Grangemouth terminal, also in the UK; the terminal at Dublin, Ireland; and the Esbjerg terminal in Denmark.

The five terminals have a total capacity of just over

107,000m3 across 134 tanks.

Westway’s Incheon bulk liquids terminal in Korea was also included in the sale to ED&F Man. The five European terminals are all used to store molasses and were considered to be non-core assets by Westway, according to an industry source. Prior to the change of ownership, ED&F Man was the leassee of the capacity under a long-term storage deal. The commodities group is Westway’s primary supplier of molasses under a long-term agreement.

Westway has retained three European terminals: at Gydnia in Poland, Avonmouth in the UK, and in the Netherlands. The three facilities have an aggregate capacity of just over 170,000m3 across 97 tanks, and can store a range of products including biodiesel, vegoils and fats, agri-products, chemicals and molasses.

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

profile

Iraq’s only privately owned storage site RAS AL KHAIMAH (RAK) Iraq-based SKA International Group was the first private company to be awarded a contract by the Iraqi Ministry of Oil (MoO) to supply commercial aviation fuel to airports throughout Iraq.

The company is now involved in managing and constructing several major fuel storage facilities and has the capability to provide turnkey fuel supply and distribution solutions in some of the toughest locations in the world.

New storage for Iraq SKA Energy is building a new storage facility strategically located at Khor Al Zubair Port in southern Iraq.

The facility has nine

loading bays capable of storing and distributing 20,000 tonnes of fuel and has been fully operational since February. Phase II of the project will add an extra 30,000 tonnes of storage, primarily for diesel and should be complete by the end of 2013.

This is the first of its kind to be built using advanced industry techniques and standards. It is a high risk investment costing around $40 million (€30 million).

Clients will include the MoO, Ministry of Electricity and foreign players.

‘There is huge demand for refined product,’ says Mike Douglas, CEO of SKA Energy.

‘We have heard of other plans by independent oil companies

Terminal snapshot: Number of tanks: KAFZA is comprised of 4 x 5000m³ aboveground tanks with conical fixed roofs, built to API 650 codes, intended for the storage of Class II products.

Tank gauges: The automatic tank gauging equipment will be provided by Endress+Hauser providing inventory, level, temp, water/fuel interface.

Tank line capacities (diameters): The lines in from the jetty are 30cm and it is presently 1.2km.

Line capacity will be 340m³.

SKA has now finished a Front End Engineer and Design (FEED) to build, receive, store and distribute Jet A1 fuel at RAK airport in the UAE and has started construction.

Phase I of the project will consist of two 600m3 tanks and should be complete by the end of July. Phase II involves another two tanks of the same size and the commissioning date will depend on the volume of business.

The FEED study was

to build similar facilities, but no others have started yet. We’re a big believer in first mover advantage.’

SKA was officially given the authority by KAFZA Free Zone to build back in June 2010. Phase I of the KAFZA project Gantry facility: The gantry facility will be completed will be built of metal and comprises at the end of Q2 of nine top loading gantry arms, 2013. The facility is safety stairs and M60 flowmeters. being built by the The gantry design is at Enclosure 2.

Iraq-based Delta Pumps: There are four Gorman Integrity Group Rupp positive displacement pumps (DIG) with approval on the depot. Pump and meters from the MoO. It is are positive displacement type. planned and built in The depot is serviced with Liquid conformity with the Controls M60 PD flowmeters. latest applicable Discharge rate is 600GPM. safety and fire codes (Iraqi and Third party testing: An IntertekA NFPA), local laws, Class laboratory is provided and international on site, capable of testing engineering a variety of products.

conducted by Lamprell Energy with the engineer, procure and construct tenders still open. The proposed facility is part of a greenfield expansion.

Residual engineering preparation of fabrication, etc. is being done locally within the UAE by Chemie Tech. Once complete, the facility will distribute to the bowser upload point for airfield refuelling.

Work began in January 2013. standards (API/ASTM).

SKA’s fuel depot will provide uninterrupted 24/7 fuel supply to its clients from nine gantries. The facility is served by four 600gpm pumps and has an A class laboratory which is manned by Intertek.

The depot receives fuel from Ocean Terminal Receipts from the KAFZA Port which is connected to the depot by 1.2km of pipeline.

The KAFZA 2 project will commence in Q2 2013. This will comprise of six fuel tanks (two petrol, four diesel) and a fire suppression system.

This will not include a gantry build which is located in the KAFZA 1 depot. There will be two bottom loading skids (with vapour recovery) for any petrol tanks which will be located in KAFZA 2.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE for safety and environment

tank terminal update

Tank terminal update –

EUROPE Odfjell Terminals Location Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date Completion date Comment

Antwerp, Belgium 297,000m3 Odfjell Terminals acquired a 25% share in Noord Natie Terminals September 2011 Mid-2012 The Noord Natie Terminals facility could be expanded by 308,000m3 in the coming years

VTTI Location Products Capacity

Construction / expansion / acquisition Designer / builder Completion date

Investment

Vassilikos, Cyprus Petrol, diesel, jet fuel Phase 1: 357,000m3, 20 tanks Phase 2: 186,000m3, 8 tanks Phase 3: 315,000m3 Total: 858,000m3 Construction Joannou and Paraskevaides Phase 1: Q1 2014 Phase 2: Q2 2014 €300 million

Rubis Terminal Location

Petroplus Raffinage Reichstett, Bas-Rhin, France Capacity 500,000m3 Construction / expansion / Rubis Terminal has taken over acquisition storage activities at the Petroplus Raffinage Reichstett refinery Completion date Q1 2013 Comment The transaction included the southern part of the refinery, the Port aux Pétroles terminal in Strasbourg, related infrastructure connecting the two sites and 500,000m3 of storage capacity

Odfjell Terminals Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date

Le Havre, France Bulk liquids 200,000m3 Construction November 2012 (proposal accepted)

Monjasa Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date Completion date

Port of Skagen, Denmark Oil products TBC Construction January 2013 (announced) 2014

Vopak E.O.S Location Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date Completion date

Turmoil terminal, Maardu, Estonia 330,000m3 Expansion June 2012 (announced) Approval of the plans is due to take between nine and 24 months, with construction taking a further 18 months

Vopak E.O.S Location Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date Completion date

Lonessa, Port of Muuga, Estonia 460,000m3 Expansion June 2012 (announced) Approval of the plans is due to take between nine and 24 months, with construction taking a further 18 months

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

LBC Tank Terminals Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Completion date Comment

Nantes terminal, France Bitumen 12,000m3 Construction Q1 2013, one month ahead of schedule The storage tanks are being used by Shell Bitumen

Klaipèdos Nafta Location Products Construction / expansion / acquisition Designer / builder Project start date Completion date Investment Comment

Lithuania Light and dark oil products An upgrade of the Dark Fuel Facilities Park, including a reconstruction project UAB Rudesta December 2012 (construction agreement signed) 2013 LTL21 million (€6 million) The reconstruction involves pulling down four 5,000m3 storage tanks and building two new ones, each with a 32,250m3 capacity

51

tank terminal update Vopak Terminal Eemshaven Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Completion date Comment

Eemshaven, the Netherlands Oil 660,000m3 Construction October 2012 (opened) This initial storage space, which is made up of 11 60,000m3 tanks, has been leased out for a longterm period but there is potential to expand the terminal to be able to store a total 2.76 million m3 in future. It also features a jetty for sea-going vessels

Maastank Location Products

Port of Rotterdam, the Netherlands Vegetable oil and fats as well as raw materials for the oleochemical industry Capacity 90,000m3 Construction / expansion / Expansion from 40,000m3 acquisition to 90,000m3 Project start date November 2012 (announced)

VTTI Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Designer / builder Project start date Completion date Investment

Rotterdam, the Netherlands Crude oil 3 million m3 Construction Shtandart TT November 2011 (announced).

Expected to break ground in 2013 2015 $1 billion (€760 million)

Ineos Location Products Capacity

Rafnes terminal, Norway Ethane One new storage tank at the terminal Construction / expansion / Construction acquisition Designer / builder TGE Gas Engineering Project start date Q1 2013 Completion date Q2 2015

Statoil Location Products Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date Completion date Comment

Norterminal

52

Finnmark, Norway Oil, petrochemicals or gas Construction 2016-2017 NOK2-4 billion (€270-535 million)

Isalnita, Dolj, Romania Petroleum products 11,000m3 Construction November 2012 €26 million The facility will deliver petroleum products to the south of Romania

Vopak Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Completion date Comment

Vopak

Location Products Construction / expansion / acquisition Completion date Investment

2013 (announced) 2018 The terminal will store oil in two mountain caverns before it is sent to the quay for export by tankers

OMV Petrom Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Completion date Investment Comment

Location Products

Vlaardingen, the Netherlands Bulk liquids, including vegetable/ animal fats or biodiesel 140,000m3, 52 tanks Capacity Construction / expansion / Expansion acquisition Project start date February 2013 (announced) Completion date By the end of 2013 Comment The company knocked down 85 storage tanks at the site in 2012, which totalled 50,000m3. The replacement infrastructure will be able to handle 140,000m3 of product

Veidnes, Norway Crude oil Construction

Port of Algeciras, Spain Oil products 403,000m3, 22 storage tanks Construction March 2013 The facility also includes two berths and a pipeline that will transport products from the docks to the storage terminal

Lukoil Location Products Capacity

Port of Barcelona, Spain Diesel, biodiesel and jet fuel 13 new tanks ranging from 6,500 to 40,000m3 Construction / expansion / Construction acquisition Project start date May 2012

Odec Tankstorage Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition

Project start date Completion date

Södertälje, Sweden Biofuels 9,130m3 The company acquired the terminal in August 2012 and it is now under development. Following its upgrade the terminal will feature four new storage tanks for biofuels September 2012 (announced) Mid-2013

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

tank terminal update Varo Holding Location Products Capacity Construction / expansion / acquisition Project start date Completion date Investment Comment

Switzerland Oil 68,000 bpd Varo Holding acquired the Cressier oil refinery from Petroplus May 2012 (announced) 2012 The terms of the transaction were not revealed Under the agreement, Varo Holding purchased assets of Petroplus Refining Cressier and the related Swiss marketing and logistics assets: Petroplus Tankstorage, Oléoduc du Jura Neuchâtelois and Société Française du Pipeline du Jura

Vopak, Greenergy and Shell UK Location Products Capacity

Coryton, Essex, UK Oil products 500,000m3 with capacity for this to be doubled in the future Construction / expansion / Vopak, Greenergy and Shell acquisition acquired the refinery from Petroplus June 2012 Project start date Completion date September 2012 Comment The collaboration will convert the facility, Thames Oil Port, into a transport and distribution terminal for oil products to be managed by Vopak

Stolt-Nielsen Location Port of London, Dagenham, UK Products Bulk liquid products Capacity 134,000m3, 195 tanks Construction / expansion / Stolt-Nielsen acquired the terminal acquisition Project start date July 2012 (announced) Completion date Q4 2012 Comment The terminal also features a jetty and 9.3m draft. In addition to bulk liquid storage services, the terminal also offers blending, warehousing, drumming and bulk container filling, laboratory services, dilution, and product heating

Inver Energy Location Products

Cardiff, Wales, UK Petrol, diesel, heavy fuel, kerosene and additives Capacity 70 million litres, in addition to a storage terminal comprising 26 tanks Construction / expansion / Invar awarded PX Group a acquisition multi-million pound contract to operate, manage and maintain its 70 million litre terminal Completion date August 2012 Comment The long-term deal will enable Inver Energy to focus on fuel sales through the 50 year old terminal

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

market analysis

European storage: Geared up for growing trade

In the context of a recession where most European industries struggle with declining demand, the oil storage sector appears to benefit from growing trade volumes and has seen continued investment over the past few years Preliminary data for OECD Europe suggests that oil products trade continued growing in 2012, although this was largely driven by a dramatic rise in petrol exports – underpinned by strong petrol margins – which offset the decrease in trade in most other product groups. While demand for oil products in Europe continues to decline, the prospects for trade are of further growth, with greater demand for storage capacity.

However, with recently completed projects and those currently underway, it now appears that the storage market has enough capacity – perhaps even more than needed – to accommodate future trade flows.

Northwest Europe and ARA In 2011 the region’s petrol surplus was around 19 million tonnes (Mt), but the overall amount of finished petrol and components transiting through the region’s ports was close to 55 Mt. Around 18 Mt of this is traded within the region, either to supply local deficit markets (such as southeast England and western Sweden), or sent to AmsterdamRotterdam-Antwerp (ARA for blending and re-export.

Overall, ARA terminals capture a third of the intraregional petrol trade and this is set to increase as north west Europe’s petrol surplus will grow further to reach an estimated 28.6 Mt in 2025,

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

the bulk of which will transit through ARA for long haul exports. Throughput at local supply terminals on the other hand are likely to decrease as demand continues to decline.

Therefore long haul exports are the main driver of future petrolrelated businesses and Class I storage in the region, and ARA terminals will likely benefit from this volume growth, underpinned by blending capabilities and the scale of its operations. However, the main challenge going forward is to remain competitive in the export markets where it is becoming increasingly difficult to compete with US domestic supplies.

The middle distillates deficit is expected to grow from the current levels of 28 Mt to more than 51 Mt by 2025. A major jump will occur in 2015 when the new bunker fuel specifications take effect in the sulphur control emission areas (SECAs), which cover northwest Europe almost entirely. It is expected for some 10 million tonnes of bunker fuel demand to switch from heavy fuel oil to marine gasoil, in addition to continued growth in diesel demand in road transport further aggravating the region’s diesel/gasoil balance.

In 2011 ARA handled 46% of the diesel/gasoil and only 19% of jet fuel imports coming to northwest Europe. Growing imports in both product groups will bring increased throughputs in ARA but also in other ports across the region.

There are in addition large and complex heavy product movements consisting of various fuel oil grades, bunker fuel and heavy

feedstock trade both within northwest Europe and with overseas markets. Internal trade amounted to 31 Mt in 2011, with another 34 Mt imported from other regions.

Additionally, some 49 Mt of Russian fuel oil was exported from Baltic ports in 2011, a large proportion of these volumes stopped at ARA or at the Danish Straits for bulk-building for long haul exports – mainly to Singapore (fuel oil) and the US (heavy feedstocks). The future of heavy product trade – and demand for Class III storage – will largely depend on Russia’s exports and how the proposed export tariff change will impact these volumes.

The export duty on heavy products is expected to rise to 100% of the crude export tariff in 2015. In anticipation, large-scale upgrading projects are currently underway at Russian refineries to reduce fuel oil output. The new export tariffs will also penalise less complex refineries which will likely reduce crude runs and therefore fuel oil production, which could decline by as much as 30 Mt by 2020.

5 million m3 of new product storage capacity over five years Strong growth prospects for product trade flows fuelled investments in new storage capacity in ARA, which is expected to capture the bulk of incremental volumes; around 2.8 million m3 was commissioned over 2011 and 2012 in ARA, bringing the total product storage capacity in ARA to over 17 million m3 (an increase of

55

market analysis

5000

20000

4000

15000

3000 10000

2000

5000

1000 0

2011

2012 Antwerp

2013

Rotterdam

2014

Amsterdam

0

2015

Vlissingen

Total Capacity

Mediterranean market

nearly 20%). With a further 2.7 million m3 planned or currently under construction, total product storage capacity is expected to reach 20 million m3 by the end of 2015.

It is unclear how this new capacity is split exactly between different product classes, so supply demand dynamics might vary across different categories, but we know that some companies are investing in state-of-the-art facilities with a great level of flexibility. There is no doubt, however, that the overall market is getting saturated as ARA storage rates have remained broadly flat since 2009, following several years of steady growth.

With contrasting demand and supply profiles between the northern and southern rim, as well as different product quality requirements, the oil market in the Mediterranean basin offers a much more heterogeneous picture.

The region has seen a dramatic reduction in trade volume in 2012, partly due to the European sovereign debt crisis hitting oil products demand in major southern European economies, but also caused by major refinery upgrades which came on stream during the year, replacing middle distillate imports by domestic production

Typical ARA rental rates 140.0

100% 90%

120.0

80%

millions m3

100.0

70% 60%

80.0

50% 60.0

40% 30%

40.0

20% 20.0

Total Trade (Demand for Storage)

Storage Supply*

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

10%

2009

0.0

0%

Average Utilisation

* Based on 5.5 tank turns

Going forward, increasing trade volumes should absorb the additional capacity, but the extent to which this will actually happen will be determined by various factors such as the pace of economic recovery and demand in the region, developments in the Russian refining infrastructure and its impact on the country’s product exports, as well as the competitiveness of Europe’s overseas exports of petrol.

56

– particularly in Spain. Wood Mackenzie estimates that the region’s overall product trade volume dropped by over 5 Mt in 2012 to settle around 74 Mt – including both intra-Med and inter-regional trade – mainly driven by a decrease in diesel/gasoil volumes handled at Mediterranean ports.

This trade erosion – therefore demand for product storage – coincided with close to 1 million m3 of new storage capacity (mainly in Spain and Morocco)

entering the market in 2011 and 2012 and an additional 2.5 million m3 is expected to become operational by the end of 2014, with greenfield and expansion projects in Cyprus and Turkey accounting for a large part of it. Although throughputs and the number of tank turns vary largely across the region, these supply demand dynamics indicate a significant dip in overall tank utilisation in the region. This does not necessarily mean a region-wide downturn though; competitive assets in advantaged locations, especially those supporting redistribution/bulk-breaking types of businesses are less vulnerable to negative market trends and likely to capture

business line – in particular in Eastern Med where major international players have been looking to establish a position.

In Turkey, NuStar Energy entered into a joint venture with the Aves terminal in 2010, which was followed in early 2012 by Rubis’ acquisition of 50% in Delta Petrol terminal in Ceyhan which is currently undergoing a major expansion. In Cyprus, while VTTI’s greenfield project in Vassiliko is at an advanced stage, Vopak was recently selected by the government for the development of another storage terminal. Indian giant Reliance had already gained foothold in the region back in 2009, following the commissioning of its Jamnagar

Tank utilisation in the Mediterranean 3000

25

2500

20

2000

15

1500 10

1000

5

500 0

2011

2012

2013 Antwerp

premium storage rates.

Trade volumes are expected to recover progressively, so all the new capacity entering the market now will be fully absorbed by 2020 – again, in terms of regional average utilisation.

Petrol deficits in North Africa and Levant are set to grow, creating an additional 4 Mt of trade by 2020 to be captured, not only by import facilities in those areas but also by a few locations operating in the niche regional redistribution business.

On the other hand, the Mediterranean diesel/gasoil deficit will further deepen by an estimated 14 Mt by 2020 to reach 42 Mt and 48 Mt by 2025.

This deficit will be covered by increasing imports from other regions, in particular from new export refineries in Asia and the Middle East which will reach the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal in large vessels. Bulkbreaking these long haul middle distillate cargoes is therefore expected to become a major

2014

Total Capacity 000m3

25000 Total Capacity 000m3

Additional capacity 000 m3

6000

Additional capacity 000 m3

Product storage capacity developments in ARA

0

Series6

export refinery, by securing clean product tanks at the Asheklon terminal in Israel as a landing point for exports to the Med. Such large scale bulk-breaking operations are relatively new in the Med where storage operations have traditionally been predominantly import oriented.

In short, an increase in trade volumes is projected but only a few key locations are expected to capture these new inter-regional flows.

Most most traditional import terminals are likely to see their throughput decline, as demand for oil products in Europe continues to tail off. With all the new capacity entering the market, competition will intensify and strong facilities, in the right location with the right technical features, will be one step ahead of the crowd.

For more information:

This article was written by Onur Capan, downstream oil service research manager at Wood Mackenzie, www.woodmacresearch. com/europeantankstorage

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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To determine the condition of the tank we use an extensive range of techniques, such as: ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, penetrant testing and on stream radiography. Together with vacuumbox testing, floor scanning, viper and corrosion mapping we offer a complete approach on storage tank NDT. NDT expertise combined with the knowledge of applicable norms (EEMUA, PGS, etc.) results in a reliable inspection program that preserves your reputation.

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

page header cyber security

Facing cyber crime head on Cyber security failures can impact a terminal, personnel, the environment and the corporate image just as much as any other major incident

Tank farms and storage are a key part of the bigger energy picture and nowhere is that more evident than in a discussion of security.

Safety and physical security are combined in most discussions of this vital part of the energy equation, with continuous improvements in these areas and extending into environmental integrity.

The unexpected risks associated with natural disasters and terrorism are also included in discussions of safety and physical security.

However, when it comes to cyber security little, if any, discussion is included.

Cyber security experts have their own colourful language to describe the

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

various types of vulnerabilities and threats. No doubt you’ve read about worms, Trojan horses, rootkits, spyware, viruses (with names like Melissa, Anna Kournikova, Love Letter and Sweetheart – which, believe me, they’re not!). The script kiddies, virus writers and cybercriminals who develop this irritating to malicious software seem to have unlimited imagination, time and resources to devote to their dubious talent. It might be interesting to note that the first computer virus, named Creeper, was detected in the early 70s on ARPANET, the forerunner to today’s Internet.

The good news is that great strides have been made in the area of cyber/network

security. While a refinery, petrochemical or nuclear facility might be considered a bigger risk/target; all aspects of a refinery, chemical or infrastructure company are in scope for this team effort.

And that is what security is – a team effort, since the weakest link (or network access point) is the most dangerous in our modern world.

Vulnerabilities, particularly cyber security, affect the functional performance of both business information technology (IT) systems and control systems. Enterprise IT systems knowledge of cyber security vulnerabilities and how to manage the risk are well-understood by business IT professionals. However, control

59

cyber security systems professionals focus more on equipment efficiency and reliability. For some time, many organisations mistakenly thought control systems were immune to cyber attacks.

This situation is changing, and the convergence of IT and control systems requirements is resulting in a more robust solution for control systems.

It is helpful to understand the risks and vulnerabilities that affect control systems, including the complex array of tools, standards and best practices. The proliferation of open systems and the increasing complexity of plant networks, plus the need to support legacy systems, have contributed greatly to this taxing situation.

Cyber threats, targeted or accidental, are now a part of the control systems landscape.

Ignoring the situation is both dangerous and reckless.

Depending on the industry, there are an increasing number of government regulations and standards.

Industrial organisations are also challenged by increased requirements for uptime, availability and reliability.

Within plants and industrial facilities, there is often a lack of IT expertise. When it comes to evaluating cyber/network security, the most common question is ‘where to start’.

Most experts would advocate a lifecycle approach to cyber security – an approach based on a phased, repeatable process. Most organisations will recognise the parallels with their safety programmes that have been implemented at their sites.

Phased approach A logical, organised approach will help to ensure that the appropriate steps are taken at the right time – and that the process is repeatable.

Recognising that securing the infrastructure is an evolving process is perhaps the first step in developing a programme

60

that will ensure safety, security and effectiveness.

The approach consists of four phases: • Assessing the current situation • Remediating vulnerabilities

logical process of addressing identified vulnerabilities.

Budgetary guidelines are helpful in determining the size and scope of the effort required in the next phase.

and misalignment with industry standards and best practices • Managing the services and training required to preserve and enhance the investment made • Assuring that your programme is functioning as expected.

Remediate This phase outlines the actions needed to address issues identified in the assess phase. While that phase may be the most enlightening, the remediate phase can be the most intense and diverse, since it addresses risk management from the perspectives of process, technology and people.

Assess This phased approach usually begins with an assessment of vulnerabilities and the associated risk. Network security experts assess assets against industry standard, regulatory requirements and best practices.

Overall shortcomings and vulnerabilities are compared with desired result status.

Of the four phases, this phase is generally the most enlightening.

Assessments usually include actionable recommendations that will help in better management of the system.

Recommendations should be prioritised to aid in the

Manage Management of the investment made in network security includes support and training.

Assure This phase addresses the methods that assure the solutions implemented for network security are functioning as desired.

Defense in depth The major cyber security vulnerability could very well be a belief that a cyber security system, even a good one, is guaranteed

to stop every threat, every time. Due to ever-changing cyber security threats, a programme must be designed to be updated regularly and reviewed periodically. The phased approach supports this requirement. In many ways, this approach for cyber security is similar to what is done in tank storage facilities when defining and designing safety systems and culture. Like safety, it is important not to let failures in cyber security impact people, the environment or the corporate image.

When it comes to guarding against and preventing cyber security incidents, a defence-indepth programme is the most-recommended and effective method. A good cyber security system will have multiple layers of defence providing protection for the automation system. These layers of defence need to be redundant, so the industrial process will be able to continue to operate if one layer fails – even if it has to operate at a lower level.

Staying current with new cyber technology and related services will add to your defence-in-depth portfolio and likely reduce, over time, much of the administrative effort required to manage your assets.

Awareness is a natural extension to the defense-indepth philosophy and the technology that enforces it.

The best way to stay current with new technology is to perform regular, periodic cyber security assessments of systems, processes, and policies. These reviews will identify areas for improvement, and implementation of those improvements is mandatory in order to keep up with the newest threats.

For more information:

This article was written by Rick Kaun, Honeywell’s Industrial IT Solutions, www. honeywellprocess.com

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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61

strategic stocks

Q.

What links Desert Storm, the Clinton-era federal budget deficit, Hurricane Katrina and the toppling of the Gaddafi

by Amy McLellan regime in Libya?

A.

They all triggered a release from the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR), the world’s largest government-owned crude oil programme with capacity of 727 million barrels.

This vast lake of black gold is actually stored in 62 deep underground salt caverns along the Texas and Louisiana coastline, which offers a costeffective, secure storage for this multi-billion dollar national asset (the salt caverns, which typically hold 10 million barrels each, are reckoned to be 10 times cheaper than aboveground tanks).

There are 5.5 billion barrels of oil stocks in the world, of which 1.5 billion are strategic reserves. Of these, the SPR is the most famous and by far the largest of the world’s strategic oil stocks, acting as a buffer against natural disaster, war and instability in key producing regions or the political machinations and ideological intransigence that, as President Bill Clinton discovered with his 1996 budget, can gridlock the world’s most famous democracy.

The US is not the only country with strategic oil stocks.

The 1973 oil shocks, when an Arab oil embargo saw oil prices quadruple between

62

October 1973 and January 1974, triggering inflation and economic dislocation, prompted the creation of the IEA to help countries co-ordinate a collective response to major oil supply disruptions. The IEA is made up of 28 member countries, all of which must hold oil stocks of at least 90 days of net imports. Even though the emergency oil stocks have only been used collectively on three occasions in the IEA’s 40 years – most recently in 2011 in a co-ordinated release with the US to offset the disruption caused by the unrest in Libya – its very existence is key to energy security. It provides the market with confidence that there is available additional liquidity to mitigate the effects of short-term supply disruptions and that IEA member countries stand ready to act if necessary.

Member countries take their own approaches to owning, managing and storing their IEA obligations, with some using state agencies to hold the oil, others putting the burden on industry.

The actual volumes involved in meeting the 90 day cover fluctuate depending on consumption, imports and domestic production.

In general oil consumption is flat or declining in member

countries, either due to economic woes or the rise of alternative fuels, so there are few demand-side drivers to increase IEA emergency oil obligation levels. But, on the supply side, it is a different story.

In the US, for example, a flood of new domestic oil production from unconventional onshore plays means its obligation will be lowered while Australia and the UK, where domestic oil production is waning, will gradually have to increase their emergency stocks as their import requirements grow.

‘The UK also has an EU oil stockholding obligation currently based on final consumption that is higher than its equivalent IEA obligation so it is unlikely to need to expand its physical capacity for some years,’ notes an IEA spokeswoman.

The prevailing pattern of stock management in the EU lies with an independent entity. In France this is a combination of operators and a quasi-government body CPSSP/Sagess. In Spain it is CORES, which owns 46.9 days of strategic stocks and supervises the 45.1 days held by operators. In the Netherlands, the relevant agency is the Netherlands National Petroleum Stockpiling Agency, known

as COVA. ‘Every country has a different way of fulfilling its IEA obligation,’ says COVA managing director Bart van Holk. ‘Here, we own the oil and rent the space.’

In 2011, COVA held 3.8 million tonnes of crude oil, gas oil and petrol with ticket contracts for another 710,000 tonnes (altogether equivalent to about 89 days of net imports) with industry holding 600,000 tonnes (around 11 days of net imports). In terms of renting the space, which is under longterm contract, the oil is held in terminals throughout the Netherlands as well as facilities in Scandinavia, with part of the Dutch crude oil store held in the salt caverns of northern Germany, which, says van Holk, is cost-effective compared to aboveground storage.

Refinery closures expose UK vulnerability Typically, the UK goes its own way with stocks held by industry. This has worked well in the past but is increasingly a cause for concern as meagre downstream margins drive a retreat in investment and the closure of key refineries. The number of major oil refineries in the UK has fallen from 19 in 1975 to just seven in current operation, with the June

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

strategic stocks

Closing oil stock levels in days of net imports Countries

TOTAL

Industry

Public

Of which, held abroad

Canada

Industry Public

net exporter

0

0

0

0

United States

174

98

76

0

0

Total IEA North America

174

98

76

-

-

Australia

69 69 0

0

0

Japan

169 76 93

0

0

Korea

216 107 109

0

0

New Zealand

114

101

13

0

13

Total IEA Asia Pacific

164

81

83

-

Austria

101 101 0

12

0

Belgium

131 48 83

9

51

132

39

93

13

3

net exporter

0

0

0

0

Czech Republic Denmark

-

Finland

135 75 61

0

0

France

100 29 72

0

2

Germany

143 37 105

5

2

Greece

121 121 0

0

0

Hungary

152 42 109

0

0

Ireland

102 29 73

0

31

Italy

126 126 0

14

0

Luxembourg

93

80

0

0

34

0

0

Netherlands Norway

93

0

128 76 52 net exporter

0

0

Poland

116 101 15

0

0

Portugal

109 72 38

3

13

Slovak Republic

137

0

0

Spain

105 62 43

1

0

Sweden

105 105 0

8

0

Switzerland

158 158 0

0

0

Turkey

90 90 0

0

0

United Kingdom

262

Total IEA Europe Total IEA Total IEA net importers

2012 closure of the Coryton refinery in Essex a particular low point for the industry.

Coryton, im a highly strategic location, was snapped up by a joint venture of terminal giant Vopak, fuel importer Greenergy and supermajor Shell with the intention of converting the former refinery into the UK’s first deepwater fuel import and storage terminal. It will have initial capacity of 500,000m3, with the potential to expand to up to 1 million m3. A key driver is to import diesel economically from modern refineries in the Middle East as diesel sales outstrip petrol sales in the UK, exposing a long-term weakness

51

85

262

0

66

0

122

74

48

-

-

185

109

76

-

-

149

85

64

-

-

in the UK refinery market that has contributed to its decline.

As analyst Damian Kennaby of energy consultancy Purvin and Gertz points out, as demand has changed ‘industry has not quite been able to catch up’.

Given that refineries are key hubs for holding strategic stocks, the loss of refinery capacity is a worry, particularly as turning them into storage terminals, while apparently a neat solution and certainly better than no solution, does not address the underlying weakness in the supply chain.

This is something Chris Hunt of the UK Petroleum Industry Association (UKPIA) has been saying for some time. He points

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

out that refiners were key bulkheads of strategic storage.

‘Importers have lower stocks obligation than refiners and the difference is 9.5 days of stocks,’ says Hunt. That in itself is 10% of the UK’s obligation.

‘There’s a significant impact on the UK’s overall resilience when you close refineries.’

This is not just because refineries store sizeable amounts of crude oil and finished products. It’s also because they have significant investment in the associated infrastructure of pipelines and remote terminals, not to mention the capacity to turn crude into the refined products that are the lifeblood of modern life in the UK.

‘If we don’t refine those products at home, then we’re increasingly dependent on supply routes from refineries in the Middle East and further afield. Refining gives increased resilience that imports do not,’ adds Hunt.

After a decade of lobbying, it seems the message is finally hitting home. UKPIA is now working with DECC on forming a refining strategy for the UK, with Purvin and Gertz analysing different scenarios.

Hunt reports that some of the provisional readouts have ‘caused a degree of concern’ in Whitehall. The report is due out at the end of March.

March will also see the publication of a consultation document on the formation of a Central Stockholding Entity (CSE), an independent body to provide transparency as well as streamlining storage arrangements. This is going to be important going forward as the need for increased storage in the UK starts to bite. At the start of this year Council Directive 2009/119/ EC brings all EU member states into line with the existing rules of the IEA, requiring them to maintain a total level of oil stocks corresponding to at least 90 days of average daily net imports rather than consumption. As the UK is expected to increase oil imports, its stock requirements will also increase.

‘Monumental’ additional storage requirements The problem is compounded by declining North Sea production. The UK currently enjoys a derogation on the EU 90 day level because of its domestic production from the North Sea. This reduces the obligation to 67.5 days.

But North Sea oil production is in terminal decline and come 2018 UKPIA is predicting a need for ‘monumental’ additional storage. In a government consultation exercise, the lobby group suggested a

63

strategic stocks requirement for a 50% increase in UK strategic storage capacity over 10 years or more at a cost of £3-4 billion (€3.5-4.5 billion). ‘Given that the UK downstream industry is already under severe financial pressure, how much appetite will there be to make these investments in a strategic asset that is nothing to do with business?’ asks Hunt. ‘I can see it making companies severely consider their positions in the UK.’ Leo Drollas of the Centre of Global Energy Studies in west London says the 90 day obligation is an onerous burden on oil companies. ‘It ties up so much working capital,’ he points out. ‘At $20 (€15) oil you can afford it but at $110 oil that’s a huge amount.’

It seems UK government is finally ready to hear the case for an independent stockholding entity. ‘Industry will still bear the burden but it will be far more egalitarian,’ says Hunt. ‘The pressures on companies to build or make arrangements individually will disappear and it will be handled centrally. A central agency will be able to take a more strategic look at where to build storage rather than individual companies looking where they can gain access.’

Low rates but long term income Whether stockholding is managed by a central agency or by individual companies, third party terminal operators can play a key role in providing flexible storage in secure strategic locations.

It is not the most lucrative business as stockholders are understandably seeking the lowest rates for inventory that will sit in tanks under long-term contract with minimal handling requirements and little prospect of turning a profit. For some, this business is not attractive. Botlek Tank Terminal in Rotterdam, for example, does not cater for strategic storage because the rates are too low and it does not fit its business model.

64

Some terminal operators make a virtue of their capability to handle this regulatorydriven business. Spanish terminals company CLH, which has storage capacity of 7.8 million m3, leverages its geographic location plus its existing network of pipelines and storage facilities to offer strategic reserves storage that connects the Mediterranean and North European markets.

The company signs long-term logistics contracts, ranging from five to 20 years, and offers its clients free contracting volume without it being necessary to contract whole tanks.

There’s a single integrated price covering storage, quality control, periodic fuel refreshment and loading.

Terminal giant Vopak, although unwilling to disclose what proportion of its near 30 million m3 capacity terminals business involves strategic reserves, clearly sees a business case to invest in strategic storage. In October the Rotterdam-headquartered company opened a new storage facility in the Dutch port of Eemshaven to hold strategic oil reserves for the Netherlands and other EU member states.

The debt financed facility, which is a 50/50 joint venture between Vopak and NIBC European Infrastructure Fund, which invests in assets that offer long-term stable and predictable cash flows, has an initial capacity of 660,000m3 spread across 11 tanks already rented out on long-term contracts. There is the potential to expand to 2.76 million m3 in the future.

This is the terminal giant’s first dedicated terminal for strategic oil reserves but it is unclear whether more will follow.

Beyond the OECD, strategic stocks are becoming increasingly important as developing nations seek to protect their fast-developing economies. Even in the oil-rich Middle East, there is awareness of the need to build resilience

against the insecurities of the modern interconnected world. In Oman for example, Madrid-headquartered CLH is working with state-owned Oman Oil Refineries and Petroleum Industries (ORPI), which is a 10% shareholder in the Spanish company, to provide consultancy services throughout the construction of an oil storage terminal in Muscat and 280km of pipelines linking refineries and Muscat International airport. This is a three phase project, with the final phase expanding the Muscat facility to increase the country’s strategic fuel reserves.

For fast growing economies,

has ceased,’ said the IEA in Q3 2012 as industry sources suggested Kazakhstan and Russia had provided the bulk of the oil for the reserve.

At 500 million barrels, China’s SPR will be the world’s second largest by size, behind the US, after its completion in 2020. It is being developed in three phases, with the first of just over 100 million barrels now complete, focusing on tank farms along the eastern coast. The second phase will lift capacity to 300 million barrels.

The third phase, with capacity of around 200 million barrels, is scheduled to be built between 2015 and 2018, with crude filling up the tanks until 2020.

Although the professionally paranoid in the blogosphere like to blame current high oil

the pressure to protect growth from oil shocks and supply disruption is compounded by the challenge of building meaningful cover when daily demand continues to grow. India, for example, has ambitions for a 5 million tonne strategic crude oil storage spread across three locations – Visakhapatnam, Mangalore and Padur – to be managed by a special purpose vehicle, the Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserves.

The storage will be held in underground rock caverns on the east and west coasts to be readily accessible to the refining sector but progress is said to be slow. Russia and Indonesia are also said to be making slow advances in their ambitions to build out and fill strategic capacity.

According to the IEA, China appears to have completed its oil buying spree of recent years to fill the first 100 million barrel phase of its SPR, which has been a work in progress since 2001 when its tenth fiveyear plan (2001-2005) called for the establishment of a strategic stockpile to improve energy security. ‘Evidence suggests that the filling of recently completed Chinese strategic storage capacity

price on Chinese stockpiling, analysts point out that the gradual build of 500 million barrels over 10 years is not a big drain on world consumption of 90 million bpd. ‘If you do the maths, it is not that large a proportion of daily consumption,’ says Peter Kiernan, lead energy analyst at the well-connected Economist Intelligence Unit.

Indeed, it is worth pointing out that contrary to the lessons usually drawn from high oil prices – that the black stuff is running out – world oil stocks are actually rather robust.

‘Oil demand is stagnant at the moment in North America and Europe, even in China the forecast is only for moderate strong demand growth of around 400,000 bpd for this year,’ says Kiernan.

‘Just looking at commercial inventories, the US is pretty well stocked at the moment and the EU is in the middle of its five-year range. The fundamentals are pretty soft.’

This softness, of course, is not translating into lower oil prices as the fear premium means Brent is still trading at $113 a barrel. Little wonder emerging economies are pacing the construction and filling of their planned strategic reserves.

Emerging economies seek protection

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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FREE advertising NEW for 2013 We will, for the first time in 2013, be creating an online version of the directory. This will be a quick and fully searchable database for terminal operators to locate exactly what they need and allows you to update your details at anytime during the year so if you move office or have a change of personnel your prospective customers will still be able to reach you quickly and easily.

The Tank Storage magazine Directory is the most comprehensive source of equipment and service providers to the oil and chemical tank terminalling industry, and is an indispensable tool for owners and operators of storage tanks globally.

Here at Tank Storage magazine we’re constantly asked by terminal operators for lists of companies that provide certain equipment or services - whether that be tank construction, vapour recovery units, loading arms, tank cleaning - you name it we’ve been asked it.

So we’ve come up with the solution - the Tank Storage Magazine Directory.

With over 90 separate product/service categories in which to list your company for FREE the Tank Storage Directory is read by terminal owners and operators worldwide.

Companies that used the directory in 2012 include: Cyprus Petroleum Storage, Odfjell, Sprague Energy, LBC Tank Terminals, VTTI, Caltex, Vopak, IMTT…to name just a few.

So if you wish to highlight your company and its products and services to buyers and procurement specialists at the leading terminal owners around the world we would recommend completing the FREE listing form on the website or on this form.

To create or update your company profile go to – www.tankstoragedirectory.com

w The Tank Storage directory also includes up-to-date terminal data such as: w The leading independent terminal operators worldwide by capacity and by region w Expert views and 2013 outlook from leading industry terminal owners w Regional analysis articles w New building updates by region

With hundreds of companies listed in the Directory you might like to make your listing stand out from the crowd by adding a colour logo by your listing, or an advertisement to give you that extra space to fully explain and illustrate your company’s capabilities and expertise. In many cases we will be able to place your advert by your listing (on a first come first served basis).

All print advertisers get a free online banner on the web pages upon which their listing appears.

And all advertisers get a free copy of the directory when it’s printed worth over €300/$380.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

xx

fuel storage capacity in Poland

Poland: compulsory storage changes to reduce tankage demand Structure of shares in tanks (‘000 CBM) 4% 4%

6% 6%

50% 50%

20% 20%

20% 20% OLPP 4% OLPP Tanquid 20% Tanquid

6% PKN Orlen PKN Orlen Others Others

Lotos Group Lotos 50%Group

Product capacity structure (‘000 CBM) 1000 1000 20% OLPP

PKN Orlen

Tanquid

Others

Lotos Group

3726 3726 1000 In tanks In tanks

In caverns In caverns

Since 1996 all liquid fuel producers and importers in Poland have been obligated to hold minimum compulsory stocks. In 2007 a new Act came in, changing the requirements so that the country meets its obligations by holding 14 days of government stocks and obligating the industry to hold 76 days.

However this has had a negative impact on the fuel producers as well as pushing up the retail price for fuel.

As a result the Ministry of Economy is working on a new Act which will change the compulsory stock obligation.

From 2013-2017 the obligation on producers will be lowered to 69 days and from 2018 onwards it will be decreased further to 53 days.

In the same time period the obligation imposed on the government Material Reserves Agency will be upped to 21 days and then to 37 days.

Operator Logistyczny Paliw Plynnych (OLPP), 100% owned

by PERN Przyjazn, believes these changes will decrease the demand for storage capacity by at least 4%.

The terminal has take the economic slowdown forecast into consideration for its 2013 plans, and is planning to modernise and maintain its infrastructure this year. Towards the end of the year it intends to analyse possible future opportunities for growth.

OLPP has about 50% market share of the storage market in Poland with nearly 100 customers, including PKN Orlen, the Government Material Reserves Agency, LOTOS Group, BP and Shell.

OLPP has a network of 20 fuel storage terminals used to store petrol, diesel oil, light furnace oil, biocomponents and aviation fuel. The total storage capacity is 1.8 million m³, with a variety of tanks up to 32,000 m³ in size.

Five major terminals in Koluszki, Nowa Wies Wielka, Boronów, Rejowiec Poznanski and Emilianów are connected by a long-distance fuel pipeline with the PKN Orlen refinery.

The fuel storage depot in Debogórze enables exporting and importing diesel oil by sea, through the Port of Gdynia.

Crude oil capacity ‘000 CBM 5%

In tanks In caverns

Total

PERN

3,000

3,000

PKN Orlen

300

LOTOS Group

400

Total 56%

3,700

5%

56%

In tanks

4,000

4,300 3726 400

4,000

7,700 39% 39%

In caverns

30 Days

Crude oil capacity structure per owners PERN PERN 5%

Compulsory stocks

LPG

PKN Orlen PKN Orlen

LOTOS Group LOTOS Group

Agency of material reserves

14 Days 56%

90 Days

Fuel producers and traders

76 Days

39%

The grey area PERN

PKN Orlen

LOTOS Group

Capacity for products ‘000 CBM

In tanks

OLPP

1,800

In caverns Total 1,800

PKN Orlen

750

1,750

1,000

LOTOS Group** 750

750

Tanquid

135

135

Others

240

240

Total

3,675

68

1,000

4,675

Poland’s fuel market is increasingly vulnerable to tax evasion and underthe-table operations referred to as the grey zone. This practice deprives legally operating businesses and the government budget of their profits.

Since the middle of 2011 the grey zone has been growing at an alarming rate, amounting to about 6-10% of the market.

Its level varies depending on fuel prices and the economic situation

in the country: it increases when the fuel prices increase and when economic growth slows down.

It should be noted that the stability of the fuel market and reduction of the grey zone translates into higher revenues to the state budget, as well as better performance of companies operating legally discharging taxes on their production and business activities’, investing in the development of the sector.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

storage pageinheader Africa

Africa: the land of opportunity?

Kenya’s third party petroleum terminal industry has just received an important boost with the opening of VTTI Kenya’s new 111,000m3 Mombasa storage terminal on 23 January which will also help improve petroleum supplies elsewhere in east Africa.

Planned to serve the whole of Kenya’s domestic market, plus neighbouring land-locked countries including Uganda, Rwanda, Southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the terminal has been constructed in two phases and will increase the total petroleum storage capacity in the Port of Mombasa to over 450,000m3.

VTTI Kenya commissioned its new terminal with the discharge of 9,600m3 of automotive gas oil from MT Uzava for its customer, Vivo Energy Kenya.

‘All the tanks are completed. We waited until Phase 2 was completed to commission the terminal,’ says VTTI Kenya GM, Merlin Figueira.

‘The receipt of the first cargo from MT Uzava represents a significant milestone for our VTTI Kenya terminal, a major new landmark on the ‘local energy landscape’.

The 58,000m3 capacity Phase 1 of VTTI’s Mombasa terminal was purchased partly built when the company acquired the terminal site in 2010. VTTI completed work constructing the terminal’s six tanks after

redesigning the tanks to be 2.4m taller to increase each tank’s storage capacity.

The six tanks consist of three sizes: 3,000m3, 5,000m3 and 12,000m3. Other equipment installed during the Phase 1 construction period included a truck loading gantry, fire fighting facilities and power distribution equipment.

VTTI then built Phase 2, which has added a further 53,000m3 storage capacity and consists of four tanks, each about 13,000m3.

Berthing facilities for tankers calling at the terminal consist of a single jetty that can accommodate ships up to 259m in length. The maximum draft is 13.25m.

‘We have terminal facilities that are slightly different to other petroleum terminals in Mombasa as we are connected to Kenya Pipeline Company’s (KPC) main petroleum pipeline which runs about 500km from Mombasa to Nairobi, the capital,’ Figueira explains.

VTTI terminal’s pumping capacity to the KPC oil pipeline is 880m3 per hour, which is designed to match KPC’s planned new transmission capacity once the new pipeline is completed, replacing the old line. The company’s current transmission pipeline handles a flow rate of about 300 to 600m3 per hour.

‘KPC has funding and

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

is looking at constructing a larger pipeline as the flow capacity is insufficient,’ Figueira says. ‘Its plan is driven

Kenya and to neighbouring countries including Uganda.

VTTI shareholder Vitol is expected to use about 25%

by increasing petroleum consumption in Kenya.’

State-of-the-art facilities installed at the terminal include automated tank gauging and tank valves, fire suppression systems and a security system with 22 surveillance cameras.

Additional facilities include four truck loading bays, tank high level alarms, a cone bottom in all tanks to drain water and impervious tank containment systems.

VTTI Kenya’s terminal is one of more than five storage terminals in Mombasa Port, which is the country’s major gateway port, from where petroleum and other imported goods are supplied to other parts of

of the terminal’s capacity as trading purposes while talks are underway with various other potential clients to rent the remaining capacity for third party storage use.

‘All other oil storage depots in Mombasa are owned by oil majors or KPC. They offer some third party storage using their spare capacity,’ Figueira says.

‘We are the new kid on the block. No other company has invested in Kenya as a third party petroleum terminal. We are unique in that respect.’

Oil majors with storage terminals in Mombasa Port such as Shell, Total, Oil Libya and Gapco ship in and truck out petroleum products to clients, supplying a range of clean, dirty

71

storage in Africa tanker truck from Mombasa.

Petrocity Energy, for example, is building a 120 million litre capacity petroleum terminal at Konza, 70km southeast of the capital, to cater for Nairobi’s growing demand for fuel which accounts for more than 50% of Kenya’s overall oil consumption.

Planned to store petrol, diesel and kerosene, the Petrocity terminal will supply independent petroleum dealers and new entrants to the market who have limited access to tanker loading facilities in the area.

The terminal is also expected to serve some clients based in neighbouring Uganda.

Konza terminal is being and white products.

Domestic economic growth and a bright business outlook, for both Kenya and east Africa due to the discovery of local oil and gas resources, are among the factors that attracted VTTI to build a storage terminal in Kenya.

‘The growth forecasted for Kenya and east Africa has signalled a need for more tank storage. The market situation looks promising,’ Figueira adds.

The earning potential of Kenyans is rising. Middle class families now own multiple cars and this is putting pressure on oil supplies.

VTTI’s planned terminal opening has already attracted interest from Kenyan petroleum trading companies, along with some oil majors. Initially the company is looking to sign 12 month leasing contracts for storage capacity but expects to conclude longer term contracts as the new terminal becomes better known among oil traders.

Where next?

Further expansion is not possible at the new terminal as the Phase 2 development has used up all available land.

72

Dar Es Salem in Tanzania is another opportunity as a gateway to landlocked east African countries. However, shipping petroleum to Uganda by truck is quicker from Mombasa. ‘It also is a gateway to Uganda and demand is growing there too,’ Figueira says.

VTTI also is studying the possibility of building an inland terminal near Nairobi. Various fuel trading companies, and other energy suppliers, already operate small terminals of about 5,000m3 to 15,000m3 at various inland locations around the country to supply their clients to provide faster local service.

‘We are still considering this possibility to serve Nairobi and Uganda, Burundi and Rwanda,’ Figueira says.

‘It’s hard to say when but it could be as early as 2014. Right now we just want Mombasa terminal to get up and running.’

In fact, inland storage terminals are likely to be needed in various parts of Kenya as economic growth increases in future.

In addition to serving the local market, some inland terminals are likely to be

used to supply neighbouring land-locked countries whose economies also are expected to improve in future.

‘Kenya is on a growth curve in industrial development and the consumer sector will also require fuel as well. There will be a need for strategic petroleum storage in various parts of Kenya to cut fuel

built in two stages. The facility will have 12 storage tanks when the second stage is completed.

Meanwhile, demand for chemical terminal storage facilities is also growing in Kenya and east Africa. Most chemical suppliers in the region are believed to own their own facilities due to the present lack of third party chemical storage capacity.

‘We are still considering the possibility of building a terminal near Nairobi to serve Burundi and Rwanda’ Merlin Figueira, general manager, VTTI Kenya transport times,’ Figueira says. ‘We expect smaller terminals to be built in various locations while bigger terminals will be built in Kisumu, Eldoret and Nairobi.’

With third party petroleum storage largely confined to Mombasa at present, some oil traders and other suppliers have built small storage terminals near Nairobi and other important inland markets to be closer to customers, rather than supply clients by

Solvochem East Africa, for example, is building a chemical storage terminal in Mtwara, Tanzania, to handle its own chemical imports after expanding the former Shell Chemicals bulk terminal in Mombasa that the company acquired from Shell along with other assets in 2007.

‘We are putting a 12,000m3 chemical terminal into Mtwara Port. We expect the terminal to start up after April.

It will serve Tanzania, Zambia,

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

storage in Africa

Malawi and Democratic Republic of Congo,’ says Solvochem East Africa sales manager, Gilbert Miwa.

‘Our Mtwara Port terminal is a strategic decision as there are huge demurrage costs using Dar Es Salem Port.

There are vessel queues to discharge; also, land costs around Dar Es salem are

expensive. We had to look for an area where there is room for expansion.’

Mtwara terminal will have around nine tanks when completed. Most of the cargos handled are expected to be solvents which will be delivered by road tanker to clients.

Solvochem’s Mombasa chemical terminal has been

expanded to 11,000m3 capacity since being acquired from Shell Chemicals. The original 6,000m3 capacity terminal equipped with 16 tanks has had a further six tanks installed adding 5,000m3 additional storage capacity.

Tank sizes in the terminal range from 400m3 to 1,000m3.

‘We are selling solvents

including toluene, zylene and hexane. These products are used by the paint industry,’ Miwa explains. ‘We will expand to supply other chemical products when industrial infrastructure is in place.’

Solvochem delivers to clients in Nairobi and occasionally Uganda. The company also delivers by road tanker to Tanzania where the new Mtwara terminal is expected to serve existing clients, as well as new foreign invested companies setting up there to supply the local market along with Mozambique, Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo.

‘Demand is growing for chemicals in this region,’ Miwa remarks, noting that recent oil discoveries are expected to boost regional economic growth in future. ‘Kenya has struck some oil, Uganda has oil and Tanzania has oil. These are potential growth areas for chemicals demand.’

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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stocexpo preview

StocExpo, to be held on 19-21 March at Antwerp Expo, is now in its ninth year and promises to be the biggest event yet for Europe’s terminal operators, oil companies, traders and regulators; over 150 companies from more than 30 countries will be exhibiting at the show. If you haven’t registered yet, here’s what you’ll be missing…

74

ABO Valve is a manufacturer of valves based in the Czech Republic.

Last year the company was awarded four certificates: API 609-0068, DVGW, AD 2000 and Lloyd’s Register, adding to its existing collection comprising: ISO 9001, TÜV, GOSTR, ROSTECHNADZOR and TA Luft.

The API 609-0068 was awarded to ABO’s butterfly valves by the American Petroleum Institute. DVGW certificate was issued to ABOs centric valves Series 900 (DN 32-400, PN 10) designated for gas distribution systems

mainly in Germany and other European countries. The AD 2000 certificate verifies ABO as a manufacturer of valves without welding, while the Lloyd’s Register was awarded to its centric valves Series 900 and eccentric valves Series 2E-5 for usage of valves in oil and chemical tankers.

ABO is the biggest producer of butterfly and check valves for industrial applications in the Czech Republic and exports its valves to more than 50 countries. Its product ABO offers a wide product portfolio: butterfly valves including double and

triple offset valves, knife-gate valves, ball, and safety valves. n Visit ABO Valve at stand H4.

Founded in 1980, Alma is a French company which specialises in truck loading equipment, automation systems, custody transfer and on-truck metering sets.

Alma is made up of over 150 staff who have expertise in legal metrology, metering sensors, electronic devices development, engineering, automation and industrial data processing. n Visit Alma at stand G44.

ABO’s API Monogram 609-0068 certificate

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview

Bondstrand pipe systems are particularly suited to aboveground and underground firefighting and foam systems as they are low cost and do not corrode. They are available in several performances to meet IMO requirements.

Alma specialises in truck loading and metering equipment Applus RTD is the global reference in NDT and inspection for asset integrity.

Since 1937 the Röntgen Technische Dienst (RTD) has provided non-destructive testing, inspections and certification. It provides both standard and tailormade asset integrity services to ensure asset quality and profitability.

At StocExpo 2013 the company will demonstrate two techniques for gathering accurate asset information: the Beetle and Slofec.

The Beetle uses ultrasonic waves to inspect wall thickness. It provides for simple, safe and man-free inspection as the system is able to crawl up tank walls automatically.

Applus RTD’s Slofec (Saturated Low Frequency Eddy Current) inspection technique for tank bottoms uses the magnetic based eddy current principle.

By superimposed DCmagnetisation, the depth of penetration is increased so that corrosion attack (metal loss), even at the subsurface,

Amerplastics prefabricates Bondstrand GRE pipespools in its workshop, which meet

Bondstrand pipe systems from Amerplastics are suitable for aboveground applications can be detected from the surface side. n Visit Applus RTD at stand H8.

the standards of its customers, and its projects all meet ISO 14692 standards. n Visit Amerplastics at stand E38.

AxFlow is a European manufacturer of centrifugal and positive displacement pumps, top and side entry mixers, chemical injection skids and dosing, and metering systems for the oil and gas, chemical and (waste)water industries.

Crude oil storage tanks often contain undesired slurry and water, known as bottom sludge and water, and its removal is a costly aspect in the petrochemical industry and terminal market. To achieve the required process result and maintain a clean tank, a correct mixer selection is required in combination with recommended swivel operation procedures.

AxFlow’s Plenty mixers now come with various options that will reduce labour time and costs.

Applus RTD will be showcasing its Beetle tank inspection system

Amerplastics is a European distributor of Bondstrand glass fiber reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe systems for NOV Fiber Glass Systems, serving markets in the Netherlands and Belgium.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

75

stocexpo preview Plenty Swivel mixers can be supplied with mechanical and electrical driven swivel actuators that will automatically rotate the required mixer horizontally from 30° left to 30° right.

Using more mixers per tank means the synchronisation can be achieved by using proximity switches fixed at a preset position.

After a certain amount of cycles the electric actuators can be stopped in the control room and restarted when the mixers are at the pre-set position. This will ensure that all mixers will be fully in phase for an optimal process result without intervening on site. n Visit AxFlow at stand H36.

Established in 1945, the coatings division of Axson France (previously known as Bitumes Spéciaux and BS Coatings) specialises in protective coatings.

Axson France is part of the Axson Group, with 16 manufacturing plants worldwide. n Visit Axson France at stand A19.

Plenty mixers from AxFlow help drive down labour time and costs

These include anticorrosion coatings, protection of buried and submerged pipelines for oil and gas, internal and external protection of potable water pipes, drainage and

sewage waste pipe systems, vapour barriers for thermal insulation, industrial paint systems, tank linings systems, products for rehabilitation and repair of steel pipes.

Baillie Tank Equipment (BTE) is an equipment manufacturer for the tank storage industry, including Flowdome geodesic dome roofs, full contact and pontoon type internal floating roofs, floating suction lines and skimmers and SwingMaster swing joints, floating roof tank primary and secondary seals, and floating roof drain systems.

rope StocExpo Eu Booth E46 BORSIG Membrane Technology GmbH offers emission control solutions with maximum recovery rates of up to 99.9%. We enable compliance with all customary emission standards worldwide whilst also fulfilling the highest quality, safety and reliability demands.

With an expertise reflected by hundreds of industry-scale membrane systems, BORSIG Membrane Technology is the professional partner for your projects.

BORSIG Vapour Recovery Units

VOC control for tank farms, marine loading and refineries

BORSIG Carbon Retrofit Units

Retrofit of existing active carbon based recovery systems

BORSIG Vent Recovery Systems Our solution for product loss reduction at retail station

BORSIG Membrane Technology GmbH Bottroper Str. 279, D-45964 Gladbeck/Germany Phone: +49 (0) 2043 / 4006-01, Fax: +49 (0) 2043 / 4006-6299 E-mail: info@borsig-mt.com

76

www.borsig.de/mt March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview

BTE’s FlowDome geodesic dome roof BTE has been producing flush batten Flowdome geodesic dome roofs since 2010. Recent orders of this dome roof include multiple Ø60m [200ft] domes with larger diameters in the pipeline.

And the company’s Full Contact Honeycomb Panel

IFRs, fitted with the durable BTE stainless steel internal shoe seal, have been recently supplied to the US, Germany, Brazil and others. Honeycomb Panels are connected together using a simple and effective patent-pending method that permanently

seals all panel joints.

BTE is a leader in the design and manufacture of skimmers and suction lines ranging from 3”Ø to 36”Ø, with larger sizes possible. BTE manufactures a wide range of SwingMaster swing joints to compliment its suction lines, which are installed in many of the world’s major international airport fuel facilities. n Visit Baillie Tank Equipment at stand D48.

BCA is a provider of spraying systems for fire-resistant and other coatings, airless

spraying systems, hot-spray systems, spraying and casting systems for PUR insulation foam, equipments for spraying mortar and high pressure cleaning systems. n To find out more, visit BCA at stand D52.

Belven’s BV4 split body ball valve is now available for new applications.

The valve can be fitted to Belven’s PE-DSTE-Telescope for underground installations such as foam concentrate for underground fire fighting lines, for example. This consists of the telescopic double stem extension and the BV4-Top ball valve.

The construction, made from stainless steel, features the telescopic double stem extension, BV4-TOP ball valve and ANSI150 flange connection. The most popular sizes are 2” and 4”.

The complete mounting

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The full line of Vapor Control System from Valve Concepts has established the industry standard for engineered quality and in-field adaptability. The engineered modular design enables us to reduce capital outlay costs from 33% to 66% depending on the model.

Our vents are engineered to be fully modular in design so they can be converted in design and function in the field. Any one of our vents can be changed to a pipe away, spring loaded, or even a pilot operated vent without having to buy a whole new unit. Now that’s innovation that VCI customers profit from.

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TANK STORAGE CAS-190M.indd 1 • March/April 2013

77 1/27/11 4:56 PM

stocexpo preview and construction can be amplified with position indicators and surface boxes.

And a high demand for Trunion valves has led Belven to develop its Trunion B4. This ranges in size from 3-24” and is ideal for liquid applications with full support at the top and bottom of the ball.

Belven expects to finalise the construction of its new offices and warehouses before the middle of this year. The completion of these facilities will allow Belven additional capacity for its BV4 stock, ensuring quick delivery. n Visit Belven at stand G30.

Bernard Controls manufactures electric actuators and control systems for the automation of industrial valves.

The company offers reliable and durable solutions which are adapted to a number of demanding environments, including hot,

Bernard Controls will be showcasing its actuators and control systems cold, corrosive and abrasive, and can also protect against environments exposed to water, fire or explosion.

Bernard Controls’ products have been certified according to international standards: ISO 9001, ABS, ATEX, CEPEL, Germanischer Lloyds, GOST, IEEE, NEMA, RCC-E. Its staff

receive regular technical training in order to analyse customers’ needs and find the best solution, and are available throughout the project’s lifetime.

The company has a strong international network based on nine subsidiaries in Asia, Europe and the US; three regional offices in Asia, the Middle East and Russia; as well as more than 50 distributors throughout the world.

It has been approved by major oil and gas companies worldwide and offers complete solutions for oil and gas fluid automation, from extraction to storage, including transport and process stages. n Visit Bernard Controls at stand D25.

Brainum works with tank terminals to bring them integrated IT solutions. The company is continuing to

expand through the addition of new functionalities and new customers from Europe and the Middle East.

The company is expanding its base in the Middle East by implementing its QINO Order-2-Cash modules at Gulf Petrochem, Fujairah.

Brainum is developing a new Customs Management System (CMS) interface for a client operating a large terminal (>1 million m3) in the Rotterdam area. This integration streamlines the customs-related processes for all customs regimes, movements and stock adjustments.

The system allows for many customs-related processes and documents to be prepared in advance, allowing operators to complete shipment without involvement from customs authorities. Brainum now has integrations available with

Liquid flow meteres from Brodie are used by many oil companies

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview two of the most advanced Customs Management System providers in Europe. n Visit Brainum at stand E49.

Brodie International provides liquid flow meters and equipment for the petroleum and industrial markets. The company specialises in producing high precision meters and valves that are used in the custody transfer of petroleum products. All products are field-tested and proven, and provide superior solutions for custody transfer applications.

Brodie’s product portfolio includes positive displacement meters, control valves, electronic totalisers, strainers and air eliminators, calibration and reconditioning services, and engineered systems.

The company’s design, engineering and manufacturing facilities are located in Statesboro,

DCMEMBA offers automation services

Georgia in the US. The plant is both ISO 9001:2008 and PED certified. The service centre specialises in the repair and conditioning of meters and valves from all major manufacturers. Brodie has the largest calibration centre in

North America, with flow rates up to 20,000 B/H on water and 12,000 B/H on mineral spirits.

Brodie sells and distributed its products and services worldwide, which are utilised by numerous international oil and pipeline companies.

n Visit Brodie International at stand F63.

Visit DCMEMBA’s stand at StocExpo to learn about design, automation and construction of liquid handling installations at

Visit us at StocExpo Antwerp 19-21 March Booth Number #D54

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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stocexpo preview storage depots and loading and unloading facilities.

In addition to products such as FMC smith meters, Rosemount radar tank gauges and Shand and Jurs tank safety fittings, DCMEMBA offers facility design and automation in a modern and fit-for-purpose way. n Visit DCMEMBA at stand D1.

Dr. Sthamer Hamburg will be presenting its full range of protein and synthetic foams for tank fire fighting at StocExpo 2013.

New is the company’s Sthamex-AFFF 1% F-25 Premium, which has received both EN 1568 1A/1A and Lastfire certification for freshwater and seawater.

The fluorine-free foam Moussol-FF 3/6 has also passed the Lastfire test for system and aspirated use. n Visit Dr. Sthamer Hamburg at stand C3.

Egemin Automation supplies advanced automation solutions that bring added value to the internal logistics and business processes of industrial companies. It delivers made-to-measure solutions which are based mainly on own and third-party products and technologies.

Egemin Automation has over 60 years of experience which today helps it to design, integrate and maintain automation solutions in a fast and cost-effective way.

One of its solutions is a modular concept which is applicable to all existing configurations and installations. The concept can be adapted to the client’s specific needs regarding control, communication, management information, order administration, safety aspects, invoicing, access control, reliability, stock management, and tracking and tracing. n Visit Egemin Automation at stand H44.

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Dr. Sthamer provides protein and synthetic foams

Emerson’s Rosemount Tank Gauging division is a leader in inventory management solutions for bulk liquid storage facilities. With over 30 years in the industry, Emerson has the experience to offer consultation and solutions for any phase of a tank gauging project.

Key applications include custody transfer, inventory assessment and/ or operational control of tank farms at refineries and terminals. Other common uses are mass balance and loss estimation, leak detection and overfill prevention.

Emerson’s tank gauging system is based on accurate and maintenance-free noncontacting radar technology.

It delivers both standardised volume and mass besides level, average temperature, pressure and other measured data through a user-friendly operator interface.

The fully scalable Rosemount Raptor Tank Gauging system is based on open communication technology and brings distinct user benefits, including a safety solution with SIL3 certified radar level gauge, lower installation costs due to reduced wiring and 2-in-1

radar, and WirelessHart (IEC 62591) communication with mesh-network technology for maximum reliability. The technology integrates into almost any system and reduces inventory uncertainty. n Visit Emerson Process Management at stand G46.

Endegs Mobile Degassing Services specialises in mobile degassing with thermal oxidation of VOCs and HAPs. It offers a degassing service during the maintenance of tanks, pipelines, VRUs, vapour processing systems, and load/ unload applications. The company’s trailer-mounted

Endegs’ trailor-mounted vapour incinerator

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview vapour incinerator offers 99.9% destruction of harmful vapours, including odour and/ or dangerous by-products.

The company says its mobile units with efficient degassing procedures can solve many difficult requirements.

Its turnkey degassing projects feautre optimised mobile vapour incineration units in sixth generation, customised degassing procedures and experienced engineers and technicians on site. n Visit Endegs Mobile Degassing Services at stand F49.

Endress+Hauser is a manufacturer of instrumentation equipment, offering both measuring technologies and appropriate software packages for tank and silo monitoring, tank gauging at tank farms and the automation of terminals.

The company has developed new solutions for the supply chain management. The SupplyCare online inventory management platform supports users in collaborative demand planning, event-driven replenishment planning and scheduling as well

and KPI dashboards, Endress+Hauser provides complete project execution and consultancy services. n Visit Endress+Hauser at stand D42.

Terminal automation technology from Endress+Hauser

as the reconciliation (in/ out) and consolidation (totalling) of geographically distributed inventories.

Moreover, standard Key Performance Indicators (KPI) dashboards for business process optimisation help to increase the transparency of inventories thus providing the right information for decision making whenever and wherever needed. Flexible and open middleware and IT system know-how enable the integration of any data source into business systems such as SAP, JD Edwards, Oracle, databases or existing systems.

Engineered KPI dashboards help to

optimise business processes and the supply chain by providing consistent realtime data for collaboration in similar processes.

In addition to the SupplyCare, business process integration middleware

Ergil Group comprises three distinct subdivisions, one of which – StorageTech – manufactures storage tank equipment.

StorageTech operates out of its headquarters in Istanbul, Turkey and has branch offices in the UAE, Singapore and Azerbaijan.

StorageTech designs and manufactures storage tank equipment such as ATEX-approved pressure vacuum vents, flame arresters, aluminium and stainless steel floating roofs and seals, floating suction units, drain systems, and fire fighting equipment for oil terminals

TURNKEY MOBILE DEGASSING PROJECTS FOR VOC REDUCTION Visit us on our stand F49, STOCEXPO, Antwerpen 19 - 21 March 2013

Emission reduction

>99,9%

Mobile Combustion Units for Tank Storage Shutdown decommissioning Vessels Back up of VRU VPS

Customized solutions with degassing procedures for your VOC / HAP emission control during: maintenance activities load / unload applications as back up of gas engines

Internal floating roof from Ergil’s StorageTech

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

ENDEGS GmbH Marie-Curie-Str. 6 85055 Ingolstadt / Germany Tel: +49 (0) 841 90 14 130 Fax: +49 (0) 841 90 14 132 www.endegs.com info@endegs.com

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stocexpo preview and industrial plants.

Ergil’s two other subdivisions deal with pressure vessels, storage tanks, and process equipment fabrication; and turnkey storage tank terminal design and erection. n Visit Ergil Group at stand C14.

Fabricom, part of GDF Suez, is primarily engaged in projects in the energy sector and storage tanks. It is located in Moerdijk and has over 30 years experience in tank construction in the Europoort area, western Europe, north Africa and Asia. The company specialises in the design, engineering, construction and maintenance of cylindrical atmospheric and low pressure storage tanks and pressurised spheres. It offers individual tanks and storage terminals

Faure Herman’s TLM turbine meter for various products.

Fabricom is currently completing the construction of two storage tanks, F-52 and F-53, at the Maatschap Europoort Terminal in the

Netherlands. The tanks are two crude oil storage tanks of 100,000m3 with pontoon type floating roofs.

The company also offers a wide range of services in maintenance and repair, from engineering solutions to the multi-disciplinary refurbishment of storage facilities. n Visit Fabricom at stand D62.

France-based Faure Herman designs and manufactures helical turbine and ultrasonic flowmeters for liquid measurement in the petroleum, petrochemical and aircraft industries.

Its Heliflu TLM turbine meter is designed to measure flows of low to medium

viscosity liquids and refined products and can be used in applications such as loading/ unloading, airport refueliing and wagon and road tankers.

The meter is fitted with a removable measuring cartridge which can be supplied as a spare unit precalibrated at the factory and used in the meter without recalibration once installed.

The meters’ performance remain unaffected by variations in pressure and can be custom sized to fit the conditions of the application.

The Heliflu TLM includes an integral flow conditioner that allows installation without upstream and downstream pipe runs. The unit is also designed for aircraft refuelling in conjunction with an electronic controller where it replaces PD meters with no modifications to the installation piping.

It is available in two sizes: 80 and 100mm (3-4”).

The accuracy of the flow measurement is certified in accordance with OIML R117. n Visit Faure Herman and other units of the IDEX Liquid Controls Group at stand E16.

Fort Vale Engineering has developed the MK3 Safeload semi-automatic bottom loading coupler and will be exhibiting this at the show this year. According to Fort Vale,

100 95 75

25 5 0

Leaks are minimised with Fort Vale’s MK3 Safeload

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Quarter Page Tank Storage StocExpo_prepress Wednesday, February 13, 2013 1:43:40 PM

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview the coupler is the first and only coupler on the market to have an extended ‘wrap around’ trigger design that follows the profile of the loading adaptor, covering over 60% of the adaptor circumference.

This ensures maximum safety and security of connection between the adaptor and coupler, reducing the risk of product leakage. The increased surface area contact reduces wear to both the triggers and the adaptor, prolonging the service life of both units.

The Safeload coupler design ensures that there is only a minimal amount of residual fuel in the poppet void space on disconnection and protects against any ingress of foreign debris; the amount of liquid loss on disconnection has proven to be, on average, 75% less than the permitted 5cc.

In routine inspections on units in the field, 18-monthold couplers that have been in service throughout two winters with a throughput in excess of 90 million litres showed no sign of wear to the

triggers or seals. It complies with ATEX Group II Cat. 2, EN13083 and API RP1004. n Visit Fort Vale at stand G43.

GEA Wiegand is a manufacturer of process

GEA’s jet mixers produce a three-dimensional flow

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

technology, specialising in vacuum production, mixing, conveying, compressing of liquids, gases, vapours and solids, gas cleaning and cooling, as well as concentration and separation of liquids in evaporation, distillation and membrane filtration plants.

The company’s jet mixing systems homogenise the tank content without additional emissions coming from the tank.

Based on the adequate number and arrangement of the jet mixers, a three-dimensional flow is produced in the tank, which mixes the whole of the

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stocexpo preview contents without producing a rotating motion.

Jet mixers are well suited to the tank storage industry as well as vessels and neutralisation ponds; they are simple and reliable due to no moving parts and are subjected to little wear and tear.

A comprehensive type series comprising seven different sizes is available in a range of materials, including PVC, PP, PTFE, grey cast iron, stainless and acid-proof steel. n Visit GEA Wiegand GmbH at stand H58.

GPI Tanks & Process Solutions is a tank manufacturer of a large diversity of stainless steel storage tanks situated in the centre of the Netherlands. It specialises in stainless storage and process solutions, including storage tanks ranging in size from 10-7,000m3, special tanks for the food processing industry,

GPI Tanks recently installed a 15,000m3 storage terminal in Hamburg and high pressure reactors for the chemical industry.

Shop fabricated tanks can be realised in one of the three production locations near Rotterdam.

One of the company’s most recent project is the

FRANKLIN

OCK HIGH INTEGRITY DOUBLE BL AND BLEED PLUG VALVES

tank park in Hamburg for the storage of vegetable oil with a total capacity of 15,000m3. n Visit GPI Tanks & Process Solutions at stand F12.

Implico is an international consulting software company that will be presenting and demonstrating its solutions at StocExpo.

Mobile solutions keep terminal specialists wellinformed and Implico’s OpenTAS TFM (Tank Farm Management) app offers mobile access to terminal information. The app enables the direct retrieval of information about available capacity and what amounts of which products

are in which terminals.

The OpenTAS TFM, in addition to other mobile B2B and end customer solutions will be on display.

Implico’s new OpenTAS KPI Dashboard provides terminal employees with access to all of the necessary parameters and reports in real time through a single interface.

Implico, together with TanQuid will also present a talk, discussing a successful project by the terminal operators. n Visit Implico at stand D5.

Isoil Impianti will be exhibiting its new Injection Block for its additive systems at this year’s StocExpo.

The package includes

“Where Customer Service is Our Focus.”

An industry proven design. Franklin improvements extend service life and performance in: • Product manifolds • Measurement units • Processing Equipment Isolation • Loading Racks and Tank Isolation • In ANSI class 150, 300 & 600 • API 591, 6D, 6FA, 622 Certified

713-812-7100 | sales@franklinvalve.com | www.franklinvalve.com

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Implico’s Open TAS TFM app offers information on terminal capacity

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview

At this year’s StocExpo, Jongia Mixing Technology will be showcasing its Sydmikser type JRWM, a compact and rigid side entry mixer which requires little maintenance.

The JRWM is typically attached to storage tanks where sludge could be an issue and can be fitted with a wide variety of mixer blades such as the Hydrofoil High Trust version mixer blades.

All JRWM Sydmiksers

are equipped with a shutoff device which allows the mixer to be shut-off from the tank content by means of a retractable shaft cone. A double sealing system closes the gap between the flange and mechanical seal. The activation of the shut-off allows for easy inspection and exchange of mechanical seals and drives without the need to empty the tank.

This range of mixers features power rates between

Isoil’s new Injection Block Isoil Impianti’s own PD meters, electronic register, control valve, strainer air eliminators, additive systems, grounding units, automation accessories as badge readers, and specific Atex display. The unit is able to give a complete measurement package for truck and train loading/ unloading, aviation fuels and on board systems.

More than 100 different versions of the package are designed and sold worldwide according to customers’ requirements.

At StocExpo the company will be exhibiting compact full feature API truck loading measuring systems, in addition to the new BMV400 MID blender, a second meter for biodiesel or ethanol. It comprises its own air eliminator and blending control valve. The system is preassembled and prewired ready to use, designed to be compact so as to fit both new and old installations. n Visit Isoil Impianti at stand H12.

Ivens, located at the Port of Antwerp, is a family business dedicated to building highquality tanks for the storage of chemicals and fuels.

As part of its full range of services, Ivens now also supplies pipes, steel constructions and floating roofs for tanks. n Visit Ivens at stand E6.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

Level Plus® Magnetostrictive Liquid Level Sensors

3-in-1 Measurement Level Plus® transmitters are the most economical automatic tank gauging solution. Combining the measurement of Product Level, Interface Level and Temperature from one sensor in one tank.

›

Visit us: StocExpo 2013, Antwerp (BE) Booth E2

OMC, Ravenna (I) Hall 1, Booth 25

MTS Sensor Technologie GmbH & Co. KG • Tel. +49 (0) 23 51 / 95 87-0 • www.mtssensor.com

The Measurable Difference

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stocexpo preview

Ivens builds storage tanks for fuels as well as floating roofs

7.5-30kW, shaft diameters of either 65 or 75mm, IEC motors, all 316L wetted materials, DIN or ANSI sizes for flanges and mechanical seals, hollow shaft agitator gearbox with extended bearing distance and a shut-off device for easy maintenance while in the tank is in operation. n Visit Jongia Mixing Technology at stand F1.

Kanon Loading Equipment is a Netherlands-based international supplier of marine, rail and road liquid transfer systems. It designs according to the latest developments with regard to safety, low maintenance and operator convenience.

The loading systems can be used in a wide range of

The JRWM Sydmikser, a side entry mixer from Jongia

applications, including liquid and gas, cryogenic to high temperatures and hazardous and/or corrosive fluids.

Kanon also develops custom-made loading systems which can be pneumatically, hydraulically and/or electrically operated.

Kanon has supplied its equipment to customers in a number of processing

industries, including chemical, petrochemical and storage terminals.

The company operates worldwide via agents and associate companies. Delivery, service, installation, erection, commissioning and training are coordinated from Kanon‘s head office in the Netherlands.

It has also established production facilities and a

MHT Technology Ltd Leading the way forward in Tank and Terminal Management

• Tank Gauging • Inventory Management • Theft and Leak Detection • Loading and Ofoading Automation • Fault Tolerant High Availability Systems • Safety Instrumented Systems Design • Alarm Consolidation • Stock Reconciliation • Overll Prevention • Analytics

Migration is easy. MHT Technology provides solutions that interface to all major device types.

Visit us on Stand D22 at StocExpo Europe, Antwerp, 19th - 21st March 2013 Tel +44 (0)1748 828820 Email sales@mht-technology.co.uk Web www.mht-technology.co.uk 86

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview system that will be on display at the show. It has been designed to monitor real-time inventory data from remote storage tank gauging equipment.

Version 5 has a variety of new displays and includes additional panels such as operator console, alarm history, level history, trending, event logging, servo control, system configuration and

Kanon supplies loading systems to the oil and gas industry

service/maintenance centre in Kuantan, Malaysia following new business opportunities in the Asian market.

Its loading equipment quality management system has been approved by Lloyds to the standards of NEN-EN ISO 9001:2008. Inspections can be arranged for marine loading arms, top and bottom loading arms for truck and rail, folding stairs and loading platforms, and swivel joints. n Visit Kanon Loading Equipment at stand F30.

field diagnostic panels.

The application can be configured to operate as a network client and can connect to an active gauging system and replicate the complete user experience.

For customers with distributed operations, WINGauge will function over the Internet.

With regards to pump logging, tank transfers may be created, monitored,

WATER TREATMENT DISTRICT ENERGY CONSTRUCTION & BUILDINGS PROCESS INDUSTRY

TANK STORAGE

HIGH QUALITY VALVES

Ground engineering contractor Keller Holding offers a solution for soil and foundation challenges facing the construction industry.

Keller’s services are used across the entire construction spectrum from industrial, commercial and housing projects to infrastructure construction for dams, tunnels, transportation and water treatment. It also meets the specialised geotechnical requirements relating to the renovation of existing buildings and the environmental contracting market.

Keller Holding in Germany is the holding company for all Europe, Middle East, Africa and South America activities of the Keller Group. n Visit Keller Holding at stand B12.

L&J Engineering, part of L&J Technologies, has launched its new WINGauge V5, an industrial data acquisition

www.belven.com add storage magazine StocExpo 2013.indd 1

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

3/1/2013 9:27:17 AM

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stocexpo preview full spectrum static solutions and lightning and transient protection company, serving the oil and gas and chemical industries since 1984.

Lightning Master specialises in lightning and static protection for hydrocarbon storage tanks, frac and production tanks, large LNG tanks and tank batteries, and offers a range of static and lightning protection services

Larco has been supplying its solutions for over half a century

paused and stopped, and the automatic termination of a transfer may be programmed to occur when a specific volume is reached.

WINGauge supports different protocols such as Modbus, Ti-way and Profibus. n Visit L&J Technologies at stand D16.

Larco is a France-based company which has been manufacturing and supplying equipment to the oil and gas industry for more than 50 years, both domestically and further afield.

Its products include full contact internal floating covers (Coverflote), peripheral seals made from compression plates (DJTC), foam (Topmaster) or PE (Fleximaster), floating suction lines (T2000), hose drains for floating roofs (Flexidrain), tank fittings, high level alarms (Docil), oil-on-water detectors (HK), automation, injection skids, and site monitoring. n Visit Larco at stand C11.

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Lemis Process is an international manufacturing and service group that designs a range of process analysers for the petroleum, petrochemical and chemical industries, including online, in-line and in-tank.

It provides density and viscosity meters, level gauges and oil/water analysers for oil and gas measurements. Lemis also offers turnkey solutions for the process industry.

At StocExpo the company will introduce its latest development, the Portable Gauging Device DUTI-254 with 4-in1 measurements: density, ullage level, temperature and interface level. This portable instrument allows full inspection of a tank farm and does not require costly installation of staff training. n Visit Lemis Process at stand G54.

Lightning Master is a full service,

for chemical and oil and gas companies throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa and the Middle East.

It has experience with off- and onshore production rigs, chemical plants, and pipeline metering facilities and interchanges. Additionally, it offers application-specific solutions for transient voltage surge suppression for AC power and data lines, weighing systems and control circuits.

Lightning Master’s product portfolio includes bonding and grounding,

surge protective devices, structural lightning protection and the patent-pending LMC in-tank static dissipaters. n Visit Lightning Master at stand F42.

Madesta is a steel trading and service company with production facilities in Ukraine.

The company offers Eastern European prices coupled with Western European quality of steel processing and service delivery. It offers a complete solution by delivering all plate parts ready for erection on-site erection.

The package includes shell, bottom annular, roof plates, angles and H-beams. For shell (rolled) plates, Madesta’s engineers use special steel saddles for easy transportation by vessels/trucks.

Madesta has achieved flexible production by: • Providing door-todoor logistical services in partnership with multimodal forwarding and transportation company TMO Global Logistics • Purchasing steel direct from manufactures in large volumes and transferring the volume discounts to its clients • Communicating with its customers, utilising its three European offices in Denmark, Switzerland and Belgium, and one in Ukraine.

Tanks protected from lightning thanks to Lightning Master

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview

Madesta pre-fabricates steel plates to be erected on site Madesta supplies its services to companies such as Verwater, J. de Jonge Flowsystems, Geldof, Fabricom, Tarsco and Kametal. n Visit Madesta at stand H38.

Mann Tek is a Swedish company that produces and markets products for

safe and environmentally friendly handling of aggressive fluids for the chemical and petrochemical industries.

The company’s main product is its dry disconnect couplings, DDCouplings, for safe and spill free liquid handling.

Mann Tek has been

designing, producing and marketing its couplings since 1977.

Its other products include safety breakaway couplings, ball valves, heavy duty swivels, dry gas couplings and dry aviation couplings.

And it recently launched a new product line named Dry Cryogenic Couplings and Cryogenic Breakaway Couplings for use in cryogenic applications. These new products are designed to be used wherever it is beneficial to safely connect and disconnect hoses and pipelines under pressure quickly, without any spillage or need for extra tools.

The company is certified to ISO9001:2008 and its products are CE-labelled. The main products are certified to

PED, the European Pressure Equipment Directive and ATEX, and are produced in accordance with several worldwide standards, for example NATO STANAG 3756. n Visit Mann Tek at stand F24.

Mascoat has over 15 years of experience with industrial storage tanks. The company currently offers three different coatings to help facilities in their efforts to reduce energy needs, protect personnel, prevent condensation, reduce radiant heat gain and prevent corrosion. The company will be exhibiting a number of products at the exhibition in Antwerp.

Its Industrial-DTI is a thermal insulating coating that can help save companies money on installation, energy, maintenance and recordable injury costs. The coating prevents CUI and is able to save energy by reflecting energy back into the product

Contact Steve Delves to arrange a meeting at StocExpo.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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stocexpo preview

Looking for an uncomplicated check metering solution?

Mascoat offers three tank coatings

Or a tool for product identification and pipeline leak detection?

FLUXUS® HPI The non-intrusive flow meter for midstream applications  Measures operational and standard volume / mass flow rates - calculates density, API number and specific gravity  Highly accurate, reliable and certified for hazardous areas - traceable to national standards  Detects even the smallest pipeline leaks and unambigously identifies various product flows  No wear and tear, no clogging as mounted directly on the pipe wall

The ideal flow metering solution for:  Pipelines (bulk and product)  Hydrocarbon product terminals  Storage tank farms & Barge loading stations

hpi.flexim.com

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and not just dissipating it like conventional insulation. The coating’s low heat flux allows for enhanced personnel protection. Applicable to substrates up to 194˚C, the coating is spray-applied and allows for constant inspectability of the substrate.

The MI-DTI also allows for minimal installation and shutdown costs as it can be applied to working substrates in a fraction of the time of conventional insulation.

The Industrial-HR (Highly Reflective) is designed to not only thermally insulate substrates like the MI-DTI, but also contains reflective particles that help block the sun’s UV rays. This enables the coating to efficiently reduce the amount of solar loading from the sun, which can raise internal temperatures.

Mascoat IndustrialAC (anti-condensation) is a composite, ceramic insulation coating that reduces and can eliminate condensation, provides an insulating barrier, protects personnel and equipment, and prevents corrosion. n Visit Mascoat at stand E24.

Matec Group is an Italian company that has been supplying its flexible hoses and fittings to the domestic and international markets for over 30 years. It has five divisions: Compotec, Enco, Farivo, Toflex and Industriale.

Its product range includes flexible composite hoses, flexible metallic

hoses and flexible rubber hoses. The company also manufactures and markets metallic expansion joints and an extensive range of couplings and fittings for low and medium pressure, associated components together with the distribution of engineered products for industrial maintenance.

Matec has ISO 9001:2000 accreditation. n Visit Matec Group at stand F14.

The CDN16 from Meci is a multi-run panel-mounted flow computer designed for high accuracy custody transfer and fiscal metering applications. The CDN16 is designed for reliability in liquid and gas applications and includes all relevant API, AGA, ISO and IP standards.

It can be applied to a wide range of fluids including crude oil, refined products, biofuels and liquefied gas, natural and industrial gases.

It is based on single stream modules which are combined in a number of different casings for different application types. A CDN16 stream module includes a large number of inputs, outputs, communication interfaces and other hardware for real-time digital and analogue signal processing for one metering stream, with cycle time up to 250ms.

The computer’s stream modules are used in specific enclosures, ranging from a single stream DIN-rail

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

mountable device with screw terminals for field connections, to a convenient multistream panel-mounted flow computer with a 7” colour touchscreen for more demanding applications. The 19” rack enclosure for up to eight stream modules allows compact cabinet design, suitable for offshore platforms or other space limited systems.

Meci’s CDN16 flow computer Either liquid or gas may be combined in In 2012, Mesa Industries multi-stream applications. released the latest Free-configurable digital development in emission communication interfacing reduction seal design for is implemented for aboveground storage ultrasonic flow meters, gas tanks, which will be on chromatographs, HART show at StocExpo. transmitters and other The Vapor Guard VT metering equipment utilising Gauge Pole Cover provides an various communication efficient means of controlling protocols for flexible the amount of escaping usage; no ‘firmware’ hydrocarbon vapours from programming is required. storage tank gauge poles. It n Visit Meci at stand F11. features a proprietary closure and exclusive collapsible design and helps benefit tank owners by reducing product emissions, meeting environmental regulations and reducing pollution into the environment.

The Vapor Guard VT is considered an approved ‘flexible enclosure system’ by the US EPA as stated in the Storage Tank Emission Reduction Partnership Program (STERPP), which recommends a ‘flexible enclosure device that completely encloses the slotted guidepole and a cover on top of the guidepole’.

Mesa’s VT limits vapours escaping from storage tank gauge poles The cover is

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

LightningMaster

Corporation

We wrote the book on lightning and static protection

Static Solutions for Above Ground Storage Tanks Visit us online | www.lightningmaster.com

Lightning Master in-tank static drain

Cut out view of floating roof tank with lightning master in-tank statiC drain

Features Easily installed into most types of above ground storage tanks Designed to coil and uncoil as floating roofs raise and lower An alternative to retractable grounding reels Suitable for use in tanks with mixing blades

Lightning Master is a full service, full spectrum static solutions and lightning and transient protection company

serving the oil and gas and chemical industries since 1984.

Contact us: 1-800-749-6800 info@lightningmaster.com | www.lightningmaster.com 91

stocexpo preview suitable for both internal and external floating roof tanks, and can be installed while the tank remains in-service.

It also allows for gauging and sampling equipment to operate, including radar gauges and features chemical resistance and UV protection.

VT is the latest development in Mesa’s Vapor Guard product line, which the company originally developed in 2001. n Visit Mesa at stand G14.

MHT Technology is a supplier of cost-effective stock management solutions to the bulk storage, petroleum refining and distribution industries worldwide.

The company supplies tank gauges for tanks of all sizes storing any products.

Existing equipment can be integrated into the VTW stock management system,

helping to minimise the cost of upgrading tank farms to the latest technologies through selection migration of legacy devices.

For truck/rail loading automation, MHT’s SmartTAS is a Windows-based total terminal stock management system that interfaces with VTW and can integrate both new and existing access control and rack loading equipment to provide a cost-effective, integrated stock management and reconciliation system.

Loading, offloading, physical stocks, returns, losses/gains, co-mingled storage, and daily, weekly and monthly reconciliation can all be handled by the system.

Both VTW and SmartTAS are open and scalable systems to fit tank farms of all sizes and can provide centralised

SURFACE ACTIVE SOLUTIONS Tank Cleaning

Clean Faster • Reduce Waste • Increase Profits The Challenge: Typical tank cleaning methods produce large volumes of costly waste that reduce profits.

The Solution: Using SAS tank cleaning products reduces waste disposal costs by up to 75%. This is achieved with efficient chemistries that reduce waste volumes.

To find out how SAS products can help you reduce waste volumes and increase profits contact us:

website: www.surfaceactive.com/tank email: sales@surfaceactive.com telephone: +44 (0)1324 66 66 71 SAS Ltd has been supplying specialist chemistries for more than 10 years for tank cleaning operations around the world.

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MSA offers a large range of valves stock management from multiple remote sites.

MHT also supplies gauges and sensors for LNG storage. Its range features level, temperature, pressure instrumentation, density/ temperature profiling instruments, leak detection, tank side data indicators, independent level alarms, detection and safety equipment, tank skin and liquid/vapour temperature measurement, composition measurement, data trending, and Rollover Prediction tools.

MHT can provide site service support, including site surveys, equipment sourcing, systems installation and rapid response routine and emergency maintenance, plus a 24/7 help desk and on-site support contracts. n Visit MHT Technology at stand D22.

MSA is a Czech valve manufacturing company established in 1890. The company is involved in the manufacture of valves and, with its own testing facilities, has achieved certification in many fields.

The company sells its products worldwide, being on the approved vendor list of more than 80 companies, including Saudi Aramco, Total,

ExxonMobil, BP and Gazprom.

Its production activities are carried out in one location, with very few components brought in. All the machining, NDT testing, assembly, pressure testing, painting and packing is completed in-house to ensure tight quality control.

MSA offers a large portfolio of products, including ball, globe, swing check and gate valves. All of the company’s products are available in a variety of pressure ranges and nominal diameters.

A few years ago MSA extended its product range to include ball valves with metalmetal sealing or ball, gate and globe valves to API standards for cryogenic applications.

Its R&D focuses on specific products such as metal seated ball valves with tungsten carbide overlay, ball valves for temperatures up to 450ºC, ball valves in class 2500 and gate valves, and swing check and globe valves according to regulations for operation in nuclear power plants. n Visit MSA at stand H2.

MTS Sensors is a provider of magnetostrictive liquid level transmitters designed for automatic tank gauging.

The company’s Level Plus model MG level transmitter is suitable for large

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview aboveground storage tanks offering 3-in-1 measurement of the product level, interface

level and temperature from a single process opening.

For large tanks the

Level Plus liquid level transmitters from MTS Sensors are designed for automatic tank gauging of above- and underground storage tanks

model MG is available with a flexible hose that allows for easy installation by two workers with basic hand tools and no special equipment.

This level transmitter does not require installation in a guide pole (stilling well) for standard tanks but it is recommended for turbulent tanks.

A spool piece can be added to allow for automatic tank gauging, manual gauging and sampling if this is required and if there is only one guide pole on the tank.

It can be ordered with a measuring length up to 22m where the measuring length is the distance from the mount to the tank bottom.

It is available with Modbus RTU or Foundation Fieldbus, both of which allow for the measurement of tank levels and tank volume. n Visit MTS Sensors at stand E2.

Newson Gale will be demonstrating a wide range of static control solutions at StocExpo, including its new truck mounted static ground verification system, the EarthRite MGV, where vacuum trucks are often used to collect waste or contaminated products for disposal in cleaning, maintenance or spill control operations in the petrochemical industry.

Additionally, the company’s product manager Mike O’Brien will be presenting at the conference on Wednesday 20 March. His presentation will provide a brief introduction to the ignition hazards associated with static electricity, how it can occur during operations

Ultra High Pressure Mobile Water-jet Cutting Safe Fast and Efficient Economical Automated • Specialised UHP Coldcutting Tank Floors & Roofs • Pipes • Vessels • Concrete • Asphalt • Fiberglass

• Environmentally Friendly • Adaptable Configurations • Single & Double Cutters • Easy Set-up • Minimal Support

JETSET HYDRO TECHNICS USES PATENTED RAGWORM® TECHNOLOGY THAT HAS BEEN PROVEN AROUND THE WORLD

+31 (0)227 - 602977

|

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

E-mail: info@ragworm.nl

www.ragworm.nl 93

stocexpo preview

Newson Gale’s Earth-Rite MGV involving vacuum tankers and what tank farm operators can do to mitigate this ever present ‘under the radar’ risk. n Visit Newson Gale at stand D36.

Oreco provides the oil and petrochemical industries with mobile turnkey systems for tank cleaning, oil recovery and water recycling. It delivers solutions that are efficient, cost-effective and

Complete liquid management

 Web

based terminal automation systems

 Tank

gauging and inventory management

 Stock

Philadelphia Mixing Solutions is an experienced manufacturer of fluid mixing equipment.

At StocExpo the company will be exhibiting its Cutlass

side entry mixers, which have been enhanced and now include BSE-R fixed-angle and the BSE-R swivel models.

These upgrades follow the recent changes in industry standards to create a solution that is specialised for prevalent concerns in the petroleum market.

The Cutlass BSE-R mixer design advancements feature an easy-to-remove cartridgestyle mechanical seal allowing more room to access and maintain bearings and seals. The shaft is precisionmachined to reduce vibration and to increase bearing life for optimum reliability. Vibration and temperature sensors can be mounted on pads cast into the housing to monitor the unit while in operation.

The drive is protected by a rigid belt cover with quick release captive fasteners and a polycarbonate viewing window for checking the belt.

This side-entry mixer teamed with the Lancer Advanced Pitch Propeller provides an optimised mixing solution for the of elimination of basic sediment and water in crude oil tanks, accurate predictability for blending, effective heat transfer and yields energy savings in excess of 30%. This technology focuses on lowering electrical energy consumption, Foamglas from Pittsburgh Corning is strong and has thermal properties

control systems

 Bio-ethanol

and Bio-diesel blending control

 Engineering  Site

profitable for all tank cleaning and recovery needs.

The company’s expertise is based on decades of experience, with Oreco systems operating at refineries, tank farms and oil fields around the world.

All Oreco solutions are fully compliant with the latest industry regulations and all of the systems are built to operate safely in potentially hazardous and harsh environments. The company is triple ISO-certified (ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and DS/ OHSAS 18001) to ensure the continuous improvement of all procedures.

Oreco’s solutions portfolio includes Blabo: crude oil/ heavy fuel oil tank cleaning; MoClean: oil product tank cleaning; Slopo: slop oil treatment; NitroGen: nitrogen generation; and ProH2O: produced water treatment. n Visit Oreco at stand B9.

design services

maintenance

www.ea-projects.com

T: +44 (0)1629 815674 F: +44 (0)1629 813426

94 Storage ad.indd 1 EAP Tank

sales@ea-projects.com www.ea-projects.com

07/01/2013 14:54

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

improving tank integrity and oil movement performance in aboveground storage tanks. n Visit Philadelphia Mixing Solutions at stand D18.

Pittsburgh Corning provides insulation technology and applied solutions for a wide range of process industries.

It introduced Foamglas Insulation in the US in the mid-1940s and a growing demand for the product saw the company expand its presence into Europe with a large Belgian manufacturing facility in 1965.

Since then, Pittsburgh has added two more European factories and Pittsburgh Corning Asia has become an important part of the company’s operations in response to global demands.

The company says one of its greatest accomplishments is the development of cellular glass, a material that offers a blend of physical strength and thermal properties.

Foamglas cellular glass is an insulation solution suitable for a number of demands and can be utilised in cryogenic cold to super-heated steam temperatures. It offers fire safety and corrosion protection, and is sustainable. n Visit Pittsburgh Corning at stand C20.

Project Design Engineers (PDE) specialises in the design and project management of oil storage and distribution projects. The company has

been operating for more than 21 years and features a team of 50 engineers and designers.

PDE’s experience includes designing and developing facilities for petroleum products including petrol, middle distillates, fuel oil and bitumen. This covers fuel importation, storage, fuel handling and blending as well as discharge by road, rail, pipeline and ship.

The company is able to provide feasibility studies, planning application preparation, submissions and consultations, project budgets and construction safety reports and also specialises in design details, calculations, drawing preparations, materials and equipment specifications, PLC and SCADA software, project development and construction programming.

In addition, PDE provides manufacturing and construction drawings, tender enquiry preparations, project management, construction phase management, safety coordination, and operational commissioning.

Services provided by PDE cover three broad areas: design only, design and project management or design and build.

In the design only area PDE’s services augment the engineering and construction resources of the client, providing any part of the total project required.

For design and project management there is a

PDE designs and manages oil storage projects

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Chain scrapers from Probig recognised capability in areas from budgeting, cost control and construction management to site supervision and procurement.

The design and build projects are used for new plants or plant extensions/ modifications and the company can help develop the project from concept to its start-up and completion.

Throughout the process it will provide detailed engineering, procurement and

construction management. n Visit Project Design Engineers at stand E35.

Probig’s core competence lies in the production of non-metallic chain scrapers for water and wastewater treatment industries. The company is a market leader in the field of chain scrapers, including its DAF scrapers and API scrapers from special non-metallic materials.

These non-metallic

safety

With health, safety and the environment in mind.

Advanced technology and methods provide optimal levels of efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness in non-man entry tank cleaning.

components are designed for both sludgy and chemically aggressive environments.

Probig’s DAF and API scrapers can be installed in rectangular basins to clear both bottom and floating sludge. Existing plants can be retrofitted easily and costefficiently. The company also develops and patents client-specific solutions.

Its systems have been certified by a number of independent inspection authorities, including TÜV, Quality Austria and IQNet. Regular inspections of the production processes and extensive tests under real life conditions guarantee product quality.

In addition to these certifications, Probig’s chain scrapers are easy to maintain and energy efficient, with long durability and operational reliability.

Among the company’s clients are Bayer, Henkel,

Degussa; refineries including OMV, Total, BP, MOL and Petrobras; and large-scale municipal water companies.

Applications include primary and secondary sedimentation in storage tanks, sludge, floatation, grease and grit. n Visit Probig at stand C15.

Protego is a provider of global services including R&D, application-specific engineering and overall protection system design for the petroleum, chemical, process engineering and bioenergy sectors.

The valves, flame arresters and tank equipment developed and manufactured under its brand offer safety to the environment wherever highly complex technical installations are used for the different industrial processes.

The products are installed by industrial users for a wide range of applications:

Discover how at www.oreco.com Automated tank cleaning and oil recovery solutions 96

Protego supplies valves and flame arresters

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview tank farms for flammable liquids; chemical and pharmaceutical processing facilities; vapour combustion plants; biogas, landfill gas and wastewater treatment facilities; ship building; on oil platforms; and in loading and unloading facilities.

These products are developed in close collaboration with end-users, technical laboratories and testing authorities. In addition to product development, Protego’s R&D centre is also available for general research projects and customer-related special developments.

Protego’s devices are type approved according to RTN, GOST, ATEX Directive 94/9/EC and EN ISO 16852, in addition to other international standards. n Visit Protego at stand G16.

Rato Elektronica will be showcasing its Flir thermal

imaging camera for optical gas imaging at StocExpo this year.

The camera helps visualise and pinpoint gas leaks at a distance, greatly improving operator safety and eliminating the need to shut down the manufacturing plant. It also helps to protect the environment by tracing environmentally harmful gas leaks.

Optical gas imaging cameras make it easy to scan areas of Rato’s Flir camera helps detect gas leaks interest that are difficult to reach with conventional with a bright LCD and tilting methods, such as gas viewfinder, which facilitates its sniffers. The equipment is use over a full working day. ergonomically designed The Flir GF309 furnace

camera is suitable for a number of industries which rely on furnaces and boilers for manufacturing processes.

Specialist Corrosion Inspection Solutions Storage Tanks, Vessels and Pipe Work MFL tank floor & pipe scanners Automated & manual corrosion mapping systems Automated tank shell, roof & vessel crawlers Vacuum boxes Specialist inspection services

Visit us at the Tank Storage forum exhibition Dubai, UAE 30th April – 2nd May 2013

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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stocexpo preview Furnace and boiler equipment is prone to failures.

The Flir GF309 can detect most equipment problems during operation so failures can be prevented.

This allows for an orderly shutdown and component replacement, resulting in significant cost savings. At the same time, the portable GF309 greatly improves operator safety by measuring through flames a safe distance. n Visit Rato Elektronica at stand E33.

Defining the limit as standard Safe, fast, explosion-proof AUMA offer a comprehensive range of actuator and gearbox types combined with suitable actuator controls backed by global approval and certification for use in potentially explosive atmospheres or areas subject to fire

Roman Seliger will be showcasing its new product line of breakaway couplings with cable release at StocExpo.

The ASVL product line is based on Roman Seliger’s proven valve principle and was specially developed with economic factors in mind.

The pressure loss of these breakaway valves has been optimised and considerably reduced, while the design

follows the natural models such as Dolphin and Kalmar.

It was developed with the aid of computer-based flow analysis (CFD – computational fluid dynamics).

Like other safety couplings from the company, ASVL breakaway couplings with cable release prevent industrial accidents. They protect hoses or flanged systems like pipes from excessive loads and non-axial forces. The cable release mechanism means no tensile force can be applied to the hoses or other parts of the plant equipment.

The coupling’s opening is triggered via a traction rope that is shorter than the connected hose line.

After separation, valves in each side of the coupling close and prevent leaks of the medium on the hose and pipe side, thereby protecting both people and the environment. n Visit Roman Seliger at stand B3.

hazards.

■

AUMA’s modular concept ensures perfect integration

■

Corrosion protection and maximum resistance

■

Suitable for all conventional fieldbus systems

■

Approved by leading oil companies worldwide

Actuators for the oil and gas industry

AUMA Riester GmbH & Co. KG P.O. Box 1362 • 79373 Muellheim, Germany Tel. +49 7631 809-0 • riester@auma.com

www.auma.com

98 anzeige_halbe_Seite.indd 1

The ASVL breakaway couplings from Roman Seliger

21.12.2012 10:14:10

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stocexpo preview

Headquartered in Italy, SA Fire Protection offers independent engineering and manufacturing services in the field of fire protection. It has involvements in industrial and academic fire research projects in which it develops and exchanges expertise that will be implemented in the fire industry of the future.

SA Fire Protection works closely with large international players involved the oil and gas, power generation and military industries, and its organisation process has been certified by third party accredited bodies for compliance to: ISO 9001:2000; ISO 14001, AQAP-110 and SA 8000. n Visit SA Fire Protection at stand G42.

SABA Dinxperlo has been an expert in soil protection for 80 years, providing sealants

SA Fire Protection operates in the field of fire protection and sealing systems for durable soil protecting seals.

At StocExpo 2013, SABA will present its durable, flexible sealants and sealing

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

systems for tank and tank parts. These solutions feature high polysulphide content and a special product composition, resulting

in enhanced chemical resistance that ensures the life of the sealants exceed 25 years, even under the most extreme circumstances.

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Satam’s ZCE6-LPG metering unit

SABA will be showcasing its sealing solutions for storage tanks Less maintenance and longer sealant life results in considerable cost savings.

SABA’s polysulphide products have been used for many years in soil protection facilities that require high chemical resistance such as airports, petrol stations, chemical companies, tanks and silos. The SABA sealants and sealing systems are used by companies such as Aramco, BASF, BP, Exxon, Total, Shell and Vopak.

Its solutions have been certified in conformity with all relevant standards, including KOMO, ETA and CE. n Visit SABA Dinxperlo at stand E11.

Sampi will be showcasing its unloading check gravity meter skid

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at StocExpo this year, an accurate plug-in turnkey

based on two ultrasonic air detectors – LC Sound – can

gravity metering assembly that ensures petrol station owners and/or managers are paying exactly for the fuel amounts they are delivered.

It is metrologically approved according to the Measuring Instruments Directive 2004/22/EC and, with its air extraction system

catch to the last air pockets and will meter only pure liquid.

The device’s TE550 flow computer drives the meter.

The delivery data can be printed by connecting an Epson TM295 slip printer to a dedicated serial port.

Another serial port is to be used with Sampi Vet software (included in the package) for diagnostics, settings and the unloading of delivery events to a personal computer.

The skid is compliant with ATEX directive and is suitable for measuring a number of light hydrocarbons, including diesel, petrol, gasoil and kerosene. n Visit Sampi and other units of the IDEX Liquid Controls Group at stand E16.

The check gravity meter from Sampi

Satam has recently released a ready-made metering solution for LPG that it will be demonstrating at StocExpo.

The ZCE6-LPG is a metering unit designed for truck and railcar loading and unloading applications, as well as for product transfer by pipeline and blending applications for LPG preparation. Available with Coriolis mass flow meter, ZCE6-GPL metering systems offer flexible design for customised custody

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview transfer applications.

Satam selected a Coriolis mass meter technology in order to achieve a direct mass measurement. The MFMU Satam mass flow meter has enhanced flexibility for installation and does not require inlet and outlet straight pipe runs.

The pressure of the metering line is controlled to avoid degassing during the transaction. The company’s Equalis flow computer receives pressure and temperature measurements, calculates the vapour pressure value of the measured LPG and maintains the line pressure at 1bar above the vapour pressure by acting on the associated control valve.

The Equalis flow computer is a multifunction device, controlling the valves and pump in order to load the

exact preset quantity.

It can handle the security devices such as dead man switch and grounding system and can also manage the additive injection for LPG odourising or improver injection for road fuels. It can also control the blending of butane and propane for LPG preparation. n Visit Satam at stand F11.

Saval offers a selection Saval’s RIM Seal Fire Protection used on large-scale tanks with floating roofs of fire protection solutions to cater for a number of different automatically extinguishes tank shell needs to be cooled industries and situations. fires at the tank’s roof edge. and the fire itself extinguished Its Rim Seal Fire Protection Operators often do not even with foam. The foam needs System is used for the largest notice such a fire but instead to be mixed with water type of tank – storage tanks see it as an alarm message in the designed ratio and with a floating roof. This is an on their reporting system. the correct quantity of this automatic detection and A fire on the roof requires mix needs to be applied extinguishing system that a different approach: the for the correct duration to

CARBOVAC

CarboVac Company is the most innovative supplier of Vapour Recovery Units. The CarboVac VRU is based on the very efficient dry vacuum technology and is recognised worldwide as the best technology available on the market by the major oil companies and storage companies.

CARBOVAC Vapour Recovery Unit for • Truck loading • Marine loading • Rail car loading • Crude Oil • Petroleum Products • Aromatics • Solvants CarboVac offices: • Paris • Moscow • Philadelphia • Singapore

Carbovac main office 38 rue de Paris • 94470 Boissy Saint Leger • France Tel: +33 1 45 98 00 17 Fax: +33 1 43 82 68 84 info@carbovac.com

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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stocexpo preview external temperatures, while others may have extremely high corrosive conditions. n Visit Saval at stand D19.

Schneider Electric, formerly Telvent DTN, is a supplier of petroleum and biofuels terminal software solutions to manage credit, allocations, Bills of Lading/eBOL, pricing and contracting. It also offers a full suite of real-time solutions to assist in fuels related pricing, purchasing, selling and operating decisions, including market intelligence, private trading portals, customer communications and plant automation systems.

At StocExpo 2013, Schneider Electric will present its DTN Tabs which Schneider Electric’s DTN Tabs interfaces with terminal automation systems ensure timely extinguishing.

For smaller storage tanks with a fixed roof, foam is applied in the tank itself.

This also demands a specific extinguishing mix and strategy.

Saval and Knowsley

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SK have been part of the SK FireSafety Group since 2010. The company’s oil and gas business unit works to provide protection for both lives and investments. It offers a tailor-made solution

to every client as, it says, locations are too diverse for an off-the-shelf solution.

For example, some systems must be able to withstand earthquakes; some may have to cope with high and/or low

interfaces with all major terminal automation systems, helping customers to manage credit limits and product allocations for customers and trading partners at proprietary and third-party terminals. It can be quickly implemented and provides a clear return on investment,

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview offers a manageable cost of ownership and interfaces with SAP and other ERP systems.

In addition, Schneider’s DTN Guardian3, along with DTN Guardian Host remote multi-terminal management software, is a comprehensive solution offering complete terminal automation. With a DTN G3 system, trucks can load faster while improving efficiency and reducing costs. n Visit Schneider Electric at stand D12.

Scully Signal Company is an industry leader in terminal and storage tank fail-safe spill prevention systems.

For over 75 years Scully has designed and manufactured liquid handling and detection systems to increase safety and efficiency of petroleum and chemical loading and storage operations. Its product portfolio includes systems for

PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

loading gantry, road tanker, railcar and storage tank liquid detection. These systems ensure a high level of safety for high and low level liquid detection as well as vehicle earthing and identification.

At StocExpo, Scully will be exhibiting its new Intellitrol overfill prevention and earthing control system for loading gantries, as well as the ST-15WX storage tank liquid level detection and spill prevention system. Both systems are now IEC6150 approved with SIL capability.

Scully is ISO certified and has direct sales and service personnel in Europe, the UK and the US, and is represented in over 50 countries. n Visit Scully Signal Company at stand D20.

Sterling SIHI specialises in liquid, gas and vapour handling and is able to

Your All round Piping Specialist

Flexibility is our strength – quality is our passion

Scully’s spill prevention technology helps increase safety for loading and storage operations

G.A.S. mbH is a proficient and certified partner in the fields of pipeline construction, plant engineering and steel construction.

Our extensive know-how guarantee the problem-free transport of valuable materials such as gas, oil, water or district heating, chemical or compressed air, which are used used for energy conversion efficiency on the global market in the industry.

Fields Of Activites: z Pipeline Construction z Salt water transport and wet oil lines z Steel and steel building construction z Pumping and metering stations z Tank vechicles filling stations z Fuel depot construction z Piping for Firefighting z Tank farms z Refineries z 27.000m2 pre-fab facility

Materials: z Carbon steel z Stainless Steel z GRE z PE z PVC

Please contact- Bernhard Kiers, Commercial Manager, +31 (0) 614 227 222, kiers@gas-mbh.com G.A.S. mbH Pipeline Construction Moezelweg 151, Haven 5610 3198 LS Rotterdam Netherlands Fax +49 (0) 59 21/308 35-10 Amsterdam Petroleumhavenweg 18 NL-1041 AC Amsterdam, Netherlands Tel +31 (0) 20 44 89 74 0 Fax +31 (0) 20 44 89 74 9

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

Head Office Bentheimer Straße 300 D-48531 Nordhorn Germany Tel +49 (0) 59 21/3 08 35-0 Fax +49 (0) 59 21/3 08 35-10

info@gas-mbh.com www.gas-mbh.com

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stocexpo preview to fit demands.

All final products come with a test certificate. n Visit Sodeco Valves at stand A2.

Started in 1991, Belgian-owned The Sniffers specialises in fugitive emission monitoring, flare emission monitoring and pipeline integrity inspections.

The Sniffers’ experience in a range of leak detection issues has resulted in the development of two software

Sterling SIHI specialises in liquid and vapour handling

provide its clients with optimum pumping systems.

Whether there is a requirement to process chemicals, pump liquefied gasses, or recover VOC emissions, SIHI can offer a reliable solution.

Tank farms and fuel distribution are key strengths within the SIHI group. n Visit Sterling SIHI at stand B17.

Sodeco Valves offers a wide range of valves and automation components suitable for applications in several industries.

The company supplies industrial control and stop valves for numerous applications in the petrochemical, chemicals and utilities sectors.

Sodeco says it stores €55 million worth of stock, including DIN and ANSI valves, in its 4,500m² central warehouse. It also has sites in Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland and France to ensure fast delivery throughout Europe.

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It has grown significantly in recent years and today is a sustainable business with 52 employees. Custom orders are handled in the company’s workshop where it is also able to automate its production

products that are based on data management of fugitive emission monitoring (SFEMP) and of flare emission monitoring (FLAME).

Its personnel safety training of personnel and co-ordination during monitoring has resulted in no accidents since the start-up of the company.

By 2015 The Sniffers aims to be a leading provider of emission management services and pipeline integrity inspections. The company’s goal is to complete projects safely, efficiently, cost competitively and with no impact to the environment.

The Sniffers is able to assist its customers with one-onone services to fully satisfy their project needs. n Visit The Sniffers at stand E15.

ThyssenKrupp Christon will be presenting a range of products and services at StocExpo this year.

The company will be focusing on its range of carbon steel flat products (hot and cold rolled), carbon steel tubes and stainless steel tubes. n Visit ThyssenKrupp Christon at stand G13.

Toptech Systems is a supplier of terminal automation products and services. At this year’s event, it will be demonstrating its Toptech Data Services (TDS) platform for hosted data exchange services between terminal

The Sniffers’ HQ in Belgium

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview management over their business. The platform has been widely accepted in the US for over 15 years and last year was successfully deployed at a number of European terminals.

Toptech will also be showcasing is MultiLoad II, a solution able to handle simple one-arm loading applications as well as complex

The Toptech MultiLoad II platform will be at StocExpo

operators and fuel suppliers.

TDS services include Billof-Lading (BOL) data delivery

as well as lifting control toolsets designed to give customers better visibility and

blending scenarios. It features a large colour display, full alphanumeric keypad and

integrated card reader options. It can be equipped with a standard tactile keypad or the durable capacitive keypad option.

Toptech representatives will also be demonstrating the latest version of TMS6, the company’s flagship terminal automation system. n Visit Toptech Systems and other units of the IDEX Liquid Controls Group at stand E16.

Trisoplast Mineral Liners is a global leader in environmental protection and structural waterproofing, and will be exhibiting its new sealing solution Trisoplast at StocExpo this year.

Trisoplast is an effective and durable mineral barrier, existing of 99.75% natural materials including sand, bentonite clay and the patented Trisoplast polymer.

Your Leader in Linings One stop for all your needs

We are a truly global paint supplier. Our global range of linings are consistent in product quality worldwide so, regardless of location, we have a high quality offer to supply all your needs: • Interline® for standard cargos • Enviroline® for high temperature immersion and low temperature cure • Ceilcote® for the most aggressive chemical environments As part of AkzoNobel, the worlds largest coatings company, we will ensure maximum technical performance for almost every linings application in the field, as well as support your project from start to finish with Nace qualified technical service.

Visit our stand C12 at the Stocexpo

pc.communications@akzonobel.com www.international-pc.com and

and all product names mentioned are trademarks of AkzoNobel. © 2013

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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Trisoplast Mineral Liners has developed Trisoplast, a durable mineral liner With no cutting or welding required, Trisoplast is quick and easy to install and offers simple sealing to structures and protrusions. Highly robust, it boasts low permeability which is 100-1,000 times more impermeable than clay, while

its high flexibility means it is able to cope with differential settlement. The barrier is able to self-repair which minimises the risk of leaks, and it has high lifetime expectancy.

Trisoplast has been applied by a number of tank owners

Geodesic dome roofs, VaconoDomes worldwide, including Vopak, Oiltanking, ExxonMobil, Shell, Gulf, Valvoline, BTT, Stantic, ETT and Q8. n Visit Trisoplast Mineral Liners at stand H46.

Vacono Aluminium Covers is a German company with over

100 years experience in the aluminium industry and more than 35 years in the production and supply of its geodesic dome roofs VaconoDomes and VaconoDecks, lightweight internal floating covers to protect product and reduce evaporation losses in the

World wide service

106

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

stocexpo preview petrochemical industry.

Vacono was one the first companies to develop a lightweight stainless pontoon floating cover and has now designed and developed a lightweight stainless steel full contact floating cover which guarantees even lower vapour emissions and is compatible with virtually all products stored.

It can be easily fitted with a variety of seals, including a mechanical shoe seal.

This design meets all the requirements stated in API 650 App.H. n Visit Vacono Aluminium Covers at stand D38.

The mobile Phenics solution from Winoa

Winoa is a France-based metallic abrasive specialist.

The company has developed Phenics, a mobile solution for air-blasting operations during storage tank maintenance.

The solution involves renting a reclamation and

recycling unit, field technical services and the supply of premium steel grit abrasive for optimised performances. The replacement of expandable abrasives by steel grit for surface preparation means Phenics is able to improve

operators’ working conditions through a reduction of dust, thus improving visibility. This contributes to faster and more efficient blasting.

The main benefits of Phenics include a reduction of abrasive volume (up to 98%),

reduction of waste disposal costs (up to 90%), reduction of total cleaning cost (up to 30%), shorter mobilisation time for cleaning (up to 50%), optimum surface profile prior to coating, and better working conditions. n Visit Winoa at stand B25.

process

Lemis Process presents NEW development

DUTI 454 Servo Gauge

4 in 1 measurements: Density Profiles Ullage Level Temperature Profiles Interface Level

Tel: +1 281 465 8441 USA Tel: +371 6738 3223 Europe TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

StocExpo 2013 Booth # G54 ILTA 2013 Booth # 143

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Designed for Tomorrow mobile | real-time | easy

Implico presents progressive solutions At the StocExpo Implico will be presenting solutions that support the major trends in the tank terminal industry: mobility, real-time reporting and user-friendliness The highlights:

▪ Demonstration of our new mobile app OpenTAS TFM

(Tank Farm Management). For mobile access to terminal information – demo now available in the Apple App Store

▪ Big data handling in real-time with the impressive

OpenTAS KPI Dashboard – it also plays an important role in our presentation for the official conference program

▪ Keep it simple – the easy and intuitive usage thanks to

the new user interface concept of OpenTAS, the leading terminal management and automation system

▪ New offers of professional automation and administration systems – even for small terminals

If you would like to learn more about our progressive solutions, our competent team will be happy to have a one-to-one conversation at our stand.

We are looking forward to seeing you at the exhibition.

Together we will find the perfect solution for your needs.

Visit us at

StocExpo, Stand D5 19 -21 March 2013, Antwerp, Belgium

www.implico.com

Germany | Malaysia | Romania | Switzerland | U K | USA

TANK CLEANING SERVICES

Specialised Services: Automated Tank Cleaning Sonar Sludge Profiling Technology Maximising Oil Recovery Secondary Treatment of Oily Solids Hazardous Waste Treatment & Disposal Robotic Sludge Removal Systems Mechanical Sludge Removal Systems Total Waste Management Contracts

With over 20 years in operation, Willacy Oil Services have grown to become a global market leader in the tank cleaning and oily sludge treatment industry. Since teaming up with multi-national waste management company Tradebe, we have rebranded to become Tradebe Refinery Services.

In addition to our proven sludge quantification, removal and processing technologies, we can now offer our clients secondary thermal treatments of centrifuge cake, high temperature incineration, bio-remediation and waste water treatment.

Willacy Oil Services Becomes Tradebe Refinery Services

108

contact@TradebeRefineryServices.com +44 (0) 1244 520 122 www.TradebeRefineryServices.com

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

tank cleaning

Automatic tank cleaning: cut costs, reduce risks and save time In the petrochemical industry it is paramount to sufficiently maintain tanks to maximise their lifespan. Cleaning plays a critical part in the necessary maintenance of tanks and helps to prevent tank deterioration that often leads to expensive repairs.

Traditional tank cleaning can be labourious, time consuming and presents many health and safety issues. Automatic tank cleaning has many benefits over traditional methods

including reducing downtime, increasing hydrocarbon recovery, accident prevention and improved environmental performance.

UK-based sludge quantification, removal and processing company Tradebe Refinery Services, formerly known as Willacy Oil Services, has developed a range of automatic tank cleaning equipment.

The latest Sludge Profiler of Oil Tanks (SPOT) technology provides clients with an

The fluidic nozzle hydraulically draws the sludge from the tank and recirculates it at 300m3 per hour

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

In the tank the Hydrodozer can either be operated from outside the manway or manually by a skilled driver accurate sludge volume and a 3D image of sludge built up in crude oil storage tanks.

The sonar beam • Reduced man-entry has a range of • Improved health and safety around 30m and it • Enhanced environmental profile sweeps the sludge • Downtime reduction surface with up to • Greater oil recovery 240,000 soundings.

• Lower waste costs The processed • Improved tank lifespan acoustic echoes create a highly accurate 3D profile of the sludge tank cleaning procedures. inside the tank. The survey can Tank owners began to be completed in one working speculate that higher day and allows for the accurate budgets would be required planning of the de-sludging for standard tank cleaning. and cleaning process.

However automatic tank Previous manual sludge cleaning can actually reduce qualification methods the downtime of the tank are both hazardous and immensely, which significantly notoriously unreliable. They reduces the operational involve personnel dipping costs of tank cleaning. a measuring stick through The tank cleaning process access points in the tank roof. begins with the re-suspension This is a slow process that of the sludge banks that have requires professional breathing been clearly identified by the apparatus and involves SPOT. Tradebe Refinery Services working in hazardous confined has designed the fluidic nozzle spaces. The SPOT system system that is installed onto the increases overall economy tank roof and introduced into through reduced downtime, the existing manways, so there is increased accuracy and no need for tank cold cutting or improved health and safety. nitrogen blanketing. This is safer New legislation has been than traditional methods and introduced that focuses on eliminates the environmental environmental protection and problems associated with reducing the risks associated releasing hydrocarbons with man-entry tank cleaning. into the atmosphere. It also It aims to encourage tank eliminates the purchasing owners to adopt alternative cost of any nitrogen.

Automatic tank cleaning benefits

109

tank cleaning of valuable oil. Automatic technology allows for the efficient separation of hydrocarbons from organic waste and benefits from valuable recovered oil and reduced quantities of waste for costly disposal.

There are some occasions when man entry

The SPOT technology provides clients with an accurate sludge volume and a 3D image The fluidic nozzle hydraulically draws the sludge from the tank and recirculates it at 300m3 per hour with a working pressure of 6-7bar. The viscous sludge runs through a heat exchanger which causes the sludge to increase in temperature and re-suspend the hydrocarbons. Throughout this process the liquid is passed through either a two or three phrase decanter centrifuge that uses centripetal forces to effectively separate the liquid sludge into either two or three phrases. The remaining oil can be refined and returned back

into the clients’ tank. In some cases the project can be self-funding due to the vast amount of oil that is returned back into the tank.

Traditional tank cleaning methods can often lead to the disposal of sludge that has a high content of oil. This does not only have a negative impact on the environment, but also has increased costs associated with waste disposal and loss

the Hydrodozer. This equipment can be dismounted and reassembled in the tank.

The Hydrodozer can either be operated from outside the manway or manually by a skilled driver who can exceed the productivity of 10 men with squeegees.

The decision to choose

A spherical tank

Traditionally, fuel storage tanks are large cylinder shaped tanks that are perpendicular to the ground, with a flat bottom. However, storage tanks can also come in spherical shapes that require a bespoke array of cleaning technologies.

One particular spherical tank that Tradebe Refinery Services was asked to clean was 24m in diameter and had been used to store crude oil. Over time the tank had accumulated around 100m³ of heavy sand and mud in the tank bottom. During the pump down phase of the project, unexpected high volumes of solids were found which presented an even bigger challenge to the nozzle system and the Tradebe Refinery Services team.

A hot water washing closed loop system was established at the sphere. This system ran for 10 days washing the internal surfaces of the sphere with all the solids being removed and stored in containers for disposal. The nozzle that was inserted through the manway on top of the vessel rotates on a full axis and covers every part of the internals of the sphere.

Once the manways were removed all internals were found to be clean. It took less than half a day with man entry before the vessel was passed as cleaned to hot work standard.

Online de-sludging is required during A recent challenge presented to Tradebe Refinery Services came in the the tank cleaning form of a 76m diameter crude oil tank. It had over 4m of heavy sludge process. Automatic making it difficult for the refinery to pump either in or out of the tank. The technology can tank was not due to be taken out of service for maintenance purposes, assist in increasing so an online de-sludging process was required. Completing the cleaning productivity process while the tank remained in operation had enormous benefits to and reducing the clients as there was little downtime costs associated with the clean. the number The first stage was to establish the exact height of the sludge of personnel banks so that the roof could be safely lowered without landing onto the required to sludge. Using the SPOT system, Tradebe was able to locate and quantify complete the sludge build up. The SPOT system uses a 3D transducer that was a project. introduced into the tank of oil. The SPOT completed a 360 degree sweep Tradebe of the tank collecting data points along the way. The data was fed into Refinery proprietary software to create a 3D visual with over 99% accuracy.

Services has At this point the tank had not been isolated and there was no need created a to cut any holes in the tank roof or hot tap into the tank shell. technology After 28 days of operation, dips were taken from three areas of the tank that showing that the sludge levels had been reduced from the original 4.5m efficiently down to 5mm, 130mm, and 40mm. The re-suspended hydrocarbons were fed removes directly to the refinery processing units and the tank continued in full service. sludge from The project was a resounding success for the refinery and the process shows the tank that a tank does not have to be taken out of service in order for it to be debottom, sludged, unless maintenance and inspection schedules dictate. named

110

manual versus automatic tank cleaning has to be made by the tank owner with careful consideration given to the cost incurred by each process.

Upon making the decision to use an automatic tank cleaning system, the cleaning company’s engineering team must select its most suitable technology to complete the project in question.

The development of automatic tank cleaning technology has provided a costeffective solution for many oil, petrochemical, storage terminal and energy companies.

The increasing demand for improved health, safety and environmental performance will drive further innovation and development in the automatic tank cleaning industry.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

terminal automation

Reducing bottlenecks, waiting time and improving customer service Increasing the overall efficiency of any facility is a major undertaking. In areas where time processing loads needs to be reduced, terminal automation systems have been capable of reducing times by 75%. This could be the difference of a 20 minute interaction being reduced to six minutes. Idle time is costly, so the ability to have a quick solution to any downtime and reduce waiting is a must.

US-based Cryotech Deicing Technology has just removed its rudimentary system and installed a new terminal automation system from General Atomics

Electronic Systems (GA-ESI).

The TMS3000 software interfaces to Cryotech’s scales and rapidly accounts for incoming and outgoing weights on all of the trucks entering the facility. The information supplied to the software can then be communicated to Cryotech’s accounting system, managing orders, invoicing, and master data.

This allowed Cryotech to have real time distribution data and automated invoicing.

Having this software and being able to rely on the accuracy of the data, the system also generates many of

Idle time is costly, so the ability to have a quick solution to any downtime and reduce waiting is a must

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

the necessary documents for processing orders. As a result of installing a new terminal automation system, the line of trucks waiting to take delivery, which used to be up to a mile outside the gate is now, on average, just a truck or two.

The TMS3000 software has been part of reducing the bottlenecks at the facility and an important step in meeting Cryotech’s projected growth for production and sales.

Cryotech decided to replace its terminal automation system after a site visit to Colonial Terminals in Savannah, Georgia.

The operation at

Colonial uses scales for loading chemical trucks and the software had been in operation inhouse for over 10 years.

Colonial Terminals has two distinct operations and have two competing terminal automation vendors on site.

GA-ESI is the automation vendor for the chemical loading facility; a competing company handles the automation for its petrol racks.

Colonial’s terminal manager Bill Bruggeman says the biggest difference is in the customisation opportunity with TMS3000 and the ability to make changes on the fly to represent the needs of the client and the operator.

‘Our chemical operation creates many challenges because of the ever changing customers, accounts and reporting requirements,’ he adds. One example he cited was a customer with very strict requirements for their Bill of Lading form. Colonial’s TMS administrator was able to construct a report generated by the GA-ESI TMS3000 server which matched the report exactly. This customer, who had previously said they would never move away from their pre-printed form, changed their mind. The ability to make simple or complex changes to reports without involving the time and

111

terminal automation expense of contacting the terminal automation vendor has proven to be a major advantage for the terminal in the area of customer service.

It is not uncommon for each of Colonial’s chemical customers to request a unique Bill of Lading. This option was not available with the system supplied by the other automation vendor at their facility and the addition or modification of reports would have been cost prohibitive and untimely. It would have been impossible to meet Colonial’s customers’ needs without the GA-ESI TMS3000 system.

Another advantage of this software with regard to the user interface for the drivers and account representatives, is its ease of use. The prompting displayed to the drivers makes it easy

112

to get the proper information for the load and a simple report prints for the driver to hand the loader to fill his vehicle. Upon returning to the kiosk, the system recalls all of the previous data, confirms the critical information and sends the driver on his way with all of his correct paperwork (including certificates of compliance and material safety and data sheets if required). All of the prompting and reporting information is configurable and can be modified by terminal personnel.

The Web interface for the GA-ESI TMS3000 is available on any PC in the company with Internet Explorer. All the user requires is network access to the TMS3000 Server and an access account. The customer account managers have all the data they need

to provide customer service to clients. Many of Colonial’s customers receive emailed reports directly from the TMS server so they have up-to-date information for orders and transactions that are processed and stored by the server. Taking advantage of the MS SQL open database, Colonial has even built custom reports in TMS3000 to match specific requirements of its account managers and customers.

Terminal automation systems and software to run them have evolved over time. Within the past decade, the terminal automation industry has seen the advent of the browser interface for local and remote access to terminal automation servers. This access allows customers to view and manage their data from

almost anywhere while also allowing external users to manage data remotely.

With all of this access available, the terminal automation software had to be resistant to attacks from the internet. With the help of many of the IT managers of its customer base, GA-ESI has developed a secure system protecting against unauthorised access to the system and especially the data of its clients’ customers.

Terminal automation is a challenging field and GA-ESI has developed a suite of products including the TMS3000 terminal automation software, Powerload and Powerload II electronic presets, and HMI3000Ex hazardous location workstation, to make the users experience as enjoyable as possible.

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

coatings

An insulation coating is applied to a crude oil tank roof in Louisiana, US, an area known for its high humidity, heavy rainfall, and where conventional insulation has numerous problems

Insulation coatings: when you should use them With the multitude of products requiring bulk storage, there are a percentage of tanks that require thermal insulation.

Though thermal insulation is a necessity for these specific products, the expense of installing and maintaining it can outweigh any costs saved by decreasing energy usage or vapour loss.

Due to its ability to absorb moisture, an aged insulation system will not only promote corrosion under insulation (CUI), but also have drastically reduced insulating properties.

CUI will then significantly increase maintenance costs and may lead to the need for an entirely new tank. Occasionally, these issues have led to the decision not to insulate in order to prevent future

maintenance or structural concerns. Fortunately, there is a technology that has industry acceptance and can solve these issues while providing thermal insulation as an easily applied coating.

Thermal insulating (or insulation) coatings came onto the market in the mid1990s and were mainly used in commercial and industrial applications. These were not reflective rooftop coatings or radiant barriers, which solely reflect UV rays due to their bright white colour. Thermal insulating coatings are usually acrylic resins filled with ceramics and silica among other things, creating a true thermal barrier between two environments. The market was slow to accept them as it was hard to believe that

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

a coating thickness 1-5mm could effectively insulate and replace inches of conventional insulation, but today there are countless applications in a wide spectrum of industries, in all corners of the globe.

Most insulating coatings manufacturers will say that they are not always the perfect solution for every tank application, but can help with many of them.

Bulk storage tanks are typically very large, so there is no choice but to have them exposed to the elements.

If traditionally insulated, it is likely that moisture will make its way into the insulation and to the surface of these tanks. Due to their large surface area, it is not possible to check everywhere for

signs of corrosion, so it is not uncommon to see them re-insulated every few years (depending on the amount of corrosion present). Tanks that hold product over 160°C may seem to be resistant to CUI due to the higher temperatures however, that temperature is only up to the fill line. Areas above the fill line that do not reach the higher temperatures will be subject to corrosion.

The tank roof is the most difficult to insulate properly and is sometimes left uninsulated to begin with because of the increased probability of corrosion when insulated with conventional products. The roof usually contains exhaust pipes, vents or other types of protrusions that can eliminate the

113

coatings possibility of achieving a perfect seal with traditional panel systems. Also, personnel can compromise the jacketing and damage the insulation by walking on it when accessing the roof for a routine inspection. The coatings can also greatly reduce the effects of flash cooling due to a passing rainstorm.

Since insulating coatings are applied (just like paint) to the exterior of the tank, they adhere directly to the substrate or primer. This forms a seamless barrier that rain and moisture cannot penetrate, effectively negating the possibility of CUI occurring. There are no gaps, like with steel jacketing or panel systems. Also, their performance is not diminished by regular foot traffic.

The geographic region in which the tank is located can affect how the coatings will perform and can be the deciding factor on whether or not to use them. Coastal areas that are humid and do not experience harsh winters are prime candidates for insulating coatings.

With high humidity and elevated ambient conditions, traditional insulation will hold moisture against the substrate and the corrosion process will progress rapidly.

In colder climates, applications must be carefully scrutinised. The combination of freezing temperatures and wind load do not bode well for a thin film coating. Though they can still adhere to the surface at low temperatures, their performance value can be reduced. Where 60 mils (1.5mm) may be sufficient in the Gulf Coast of the US, an application may require 180 mils a climate similar to the Netherlands. Or, depending on the application, an insulating coating may not be recommended at all. It may be in the best interest to apply the coating only to the roof of the tank, while the sidewalls

114

remain conventionally Insulating coatings can insulated because higher easily be used for personnel surface temperatures +160°C protection on storage keep corrosion from being tanks. The coating can only an issue, or a certain thermal be applied to areas that performance value may be are susceptible to being required. Regardless, there touched by personnel. It is must always be a heat source. not necessary to coat any Freeze protection applications other areas, so the amount of are usually not recommended material needed can be very for insulating coatings. low. Conventional insulation Some facilities are not requires custom fabrication trying to keep heat inside the when trying to insulate next to tank, rather they are looking stairways, or really anything to insulate against radiant other the sides of the tank. heat gain to minimise vapour In an application in loss or stabilise contents.

Pasadena, Texas, one Some newer tank farms are company chose to only constructed with this in mind insulate along the stair well and have taken A man lift is used instead of scaffolding to measures, such as install an insulation coating to the sidewalls floating roofs, to of this fuel oil tank to reduce energy loss combat the issue.

However, there are tanks in-service that are older than the new vapour recovery technology, therefore it is still an issue for them.

Fixed roof tanks depend, mainly, on being white or light-coloured for UV reflection. Some insulating coatings companies have developed products that are bright white.

Combining the thermal insulation with the highly reflective and the bottom 7 feet of the colour is more effective than tank. Also, if these areas were just a white paint. Radiant conventionally insulated, heat gain applications, the promotion of corrosion in most cases, require no in the smaller areas can still more than 40-60 mils. warrant the replacement of With products stored the insulation, or even the at less-than-ambient entire tank, in the future. temperatures, radiant heat As mentioned before, gain can impact the storage a large number of tank conditions. With a product roofs remain un-insulated. like LPG, as temperature Rainwater and melting snow increases, so does the will undoubtedly find their vapour pressure. This makes it way to the surface and then beneficial to use an insulating the corrosion process will coating over a white paint, begin. Heat rises, therefore due to the fact that the a thermal insulating coating products will maintain at a that can bond directly to lower temperature, yielding the surface and reflect the a lower vapour pressure. rising heat back into the tank

will conserve energy while stopping the risk of corrosion.

Some companies have application examples where the customer coated the roof and even extended down the sidewalls 10 feet (3m). This not only kept the corrosion process from beginning on the fixed roof, but also limited moisture from getting behind the conventional insulation panels on the rest of the sidewalls.

All of the different types of thermal insulation have their strengths and weaknesses. Though thermal insulating coatings have not been around as long as

more conventional forms of insulation, it has become fairly clear where they are and are not successful. The benefits yielded on the successful applications make believers out of the most resistant skeptics. By using insulating coatings in their comfort zone, this ensures a sustainable system that will provide a return on the investment well before any maintenance concerns arise.

For more information:

This article was written by Will Conner and Chad Davis, Mascoat Insulating Coatings, http://www.mascoat.com/

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

banners

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websites

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direct e:marketing

CRESCO Marketing is a marketing agency specialising in, and dedicated to, the tank terminal industry. We provide a wide variety of services that can be used individually, or mixed and matched for a bespoke package.

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Contact us to arrange a meeting at StocExpo and find out how we can help your company to grow. tel: +44 (0) 7779 636048 www.crescomarketing.com email: joe@crescomarketing.com

Our thermal insulating and anti-condensation spray-applied coatings have revolutionized the way companies insulate and protect surfaces.

Call today to find out how we can help you save time, money, and energy on your next project.

www.mascoat.com USA: 800-549-0043 Europe: +31 416 71 21 41 TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

113

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The new Tank Storage magazine

iPhone App

We’re pleased to announce that you can now view all the latest tank terminal news by downloading our FREE Tank Storage news app for iPhone.

Updated DAILY, our news app allows you to follow the very latest happenings in the industry - wherever you are in the world.

So why not give it a go and make sure you’re the first to learn about the latest incidents, expansions, openings and financial data in the tank terminal industry. Just scan the QR code on this page, go to the iTunes store to download or simply follow the link from http://www.tankstoragemag.com/app.php.

To submit your news story (please note we do not publish supplier news) please contact margaret@tankstoragemag.com 116

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

vapour recovery

Can emissions be controlled by just tank roofs?

Theoretically a tank containing petrol and air would not produce any emissions, if it was hermetically sealed and the tank walls were about to withstand the pressure.

Liquid and vapour in equilibrium

roof in a tank without a fixed roof, as invented in the US in 1923. This floating roof made use of the equilibrium between the liquid and the vapour phases in closed p = const. c = const.

t = const.

The petrol and the air in such tank would stay in equilibrium.

At constant temperature the petrol vapour pressure and the concentration of vapours above the liquid stay unchanged.

Within a certain time the same amount of hydrocarbon molecules will evaporate into the vapour phase and condense from the vapour phase into the liquid phase.

The risks that occur are those associated with frequent filling and emptying of tanks and how to avoid emissions and fire risks when processing real storage tanks.

The answer was the floating

Fixed roof tanks tested in Switzerland

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

compartments under the roof.

And, like today, a sealing ring was used between the floating roof and the vertical tank shell.

However some hydrocarbon vapours were still able to bypass the periphery sealing ring.

Vapour recovery or vapour destruction units can reduce these emissions drastically but lead to high substitute emissions by the use of electric power and other utilities. The overall balance of emissions and costs is negative

Tank wall temperatures and emissions

without using qualified floating roof and sealing technologies.

Extensive emission tests in Switzerland at free vented fixed roof tanks with pan type internal floating roofs between 1991-1998 revealed valuable findings about the driving forces of emissions and possible further techniques to reduce emissions further.

If the influence of wind is taken away by using a fixed roof tank the remaining driving forces for emissions are the temperatures of the tank and storage product.

117

-5-

vapour recovery

storage capacity).

118

Comparison of alternative storage methods

Tank-Technik

Evaluation of emission for a 33,000 m³ storage tank with 44 meters in diameter, according to API method, chapter 19 Storage product: gasoline (RVP 600 mbar) / temperature: Ta = Ts = 10 °C; DTa = 8°C / wind speed: 3,0 m/s Quantity of Emission for 12 filling cycles per year Quantity of Emission for 0 filling cycles per year

case 1:

Fixed roof tank without floating roof P/V-­‐valve only

comparison tank (base case)

case 2:

Floating roof tank

double seal, guide pole seal, roof leg seals

case 3:

294.583 26.917

efficiency of tank [%]

tank wall wetting

other installations

roof legs

guide pole

Sources of emissions: annual emissions [kg/y]

rim space

Unsurprisingly 90-95% of annual emissions are created during the summer period, as the tank walls are heated by the sun.

But, surprisingly, the quantity of emissions leaving the tank does not follow the medium temperature of the bulk liquid stored, respectively its vapour pressure. The governing driving forces for daily emissions are the maximum tank wall temperatures in summer conditions.

This means in summer the tank walls heated up by sun radiation on the one side, and in contact with the storage product on the other side, is what creates the emissions.

A number of different seal designs had been tested, starting with foam filled tube seals in 1991 to threefold sealing systems in 1996.

When the bulk liquid reaches a vapour pressure of approximately 500 mbar this is the limit at which better sealing technologies do not reduce emissions any further. At the time of the tests the problem was that the tanks had not been painted completely white; only the tank roof and top course of the shell had been painted white but the rest of the tank shell was painted grey.

After painting the tanks completely white the summer temperatures in the tanks dropped another 3ºC and the emission quantities stayed within the limit the Swiss agencies had specified (max. 3 Kg/h for the complete tank farm with 750,000m3

I MH O F

Comparison of alternative Storage Methods

0.0

1.266 1.196

895

122

122

58

70 0

99,6 95,6

Floating roof tank

threefold seal, guide pole seal + Helicoat*, roof leg seals

435 365

169

17

122

58

70 0

99,9 98,6

case 4:

Floating roof tank with alu dome

double seal, guide pole seal, without roof leg seals

388 318

116

17

150

35

70 0

99,9 98,8

case 5:

Fixed roof tank with steel floating roof free ventilated

double seal, guide pole seal, roof legs fix

238 168

116

17

0

35

70 0

99,9 99,4

case 6:

Fixed roof tank with steel floating roof P/V-­‐valve

double seal, guide pole seal, roof legs fix

~ 238 ~ 168

Emissions corresponding to case 5, but concentrations of vapour in critical range (in part above LEL) => safety armature required. The effect of the P/V-­‐valve is compensated by higher temperatures of product in the unventilated tank.

99,9 99,4

case 7:

Fixed roof tank + vapour balancing + vapour treatment

case 8:

Floating roof tank + vapour suck off from seal spaces + vapour treatment

VRU

High investment and operating costs / high total emissions (CO2, NOx, methane ...) in consideration of direct emissions and emissions by use of electric power and other utilities. Risk of failure of vapour treatment plant.

VRU

threefold seal, guide pole seal + Helicoat*, roof leg seals

Small compact single-­‐stage adsorption equipment sufficient. Low investment and low operating costs.

* Guide pole cover 27/02/2013

With state-of-the-art tank and seal technologies the risks of emissions are negligible. Small quantities of emissions should be emitted, rather than collected, leading to the associated costs and substitute emissions If this goal was not reached using threefold seals and white tank walls, a last improvement without

the use of vapour recovery would have been possible.

Shadowing the tank walls exposed to sun radiation

would have taken away the peak temperatures and the extreme values of summer emissions. Another possible

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

-6-

I MH O F

Comparison of alternative Storage Methods

Comparison of alternative storage methods

Tank-Technik

Evaluation of emission for a 33,000 m³ storage tank with 44 meters in diameter, according to API method, chapter 19 Storage product: gasoline (RVP 600 mbar) / temperature: Ta = Ts = 10 °C; DTa = 8°C / wind speed: 3,0 m/s Quantity of Emission for 12 filling cycles per year Quantity of Emission for 0 filling cycles per year

efficiency of the storage tank [%]

tank wall wetting

other installations

roof legs

guide pole

rim space

annual emissions [kg/y]

Sources of emissions:

case 1:

Fixed roof tank without floating roof

P/V-­‐valve

comparison tank (base case)

294.583 26.917

case 2:

Floating roof tank

double seal, guide pole seal, roof leg seals

relates to existing installations

1.266 1.196

895

122

122

58

70 0

99,6 95,6

case 3:

Floating roof tank

threefold seal, guide pole seal + Helicoat, roof leg seals

relates to existing installations

435 365

169

17

122

58

70 0

99,9 98,6

case 4:

Floating roof tank with alu dome

double seal, guide pole seal, without roof leg seals

relates to existing installations

388 318

116

17

150

35

70 0

99,9 98,8

case 5:

Fixed roof tank with steel floating roof free ventilated

double seal, guide pole seal, roof legs fix

relates to existing installations

238 168

116

17

0

35

70 0

99,9 99,4

case 6:

Fixed roof tank with steel floating roof P/V-­‐valve

double seal, guide pole seal, roof legs fix

relates to existing installations

~ 238 ~ 168

Emissions corresponding to case 5, but concentrations of vapour in critical range (in part above LEL) => safety armature required.

The effect of the P/V-­‐valve is compensated by higher temperatures of product in the unventilated tank.

99,9 99,4

case 7:

Fixed roof tank (+ vapour balancing) + vapour treatment

case 8:

Floating roof tank + vapour suck off from seal spaces + vapour treatment

VRU

threefold seal, guide pole seal + Helicoat, roof leg seals

option for new and existing plants

0.0

High investment and operating costs / high total emissions (CO2, NOx, methane ...) in consideration of direct emissions and emissions by use of electric power and other utilities. Risk of failure of vapour treatment plant.

Small compact single-­‐stage adsorption equipment sufficient. Low investment and low operating costs.

vapour recovery reduction of approximately 30-50% a year in relation to white tank walls is possible if tank walls are shadowed.

Seals can also help solve the problem of water ingress from precipitation. Secondary or tertiary seals with water absorbing elements can avoid water damage and have been used successfully for 30 years.

This means for many liquid hydrocarbons a floating roof with or without an additional fixed roof solves most emission problems.

In the case of storage products with a vapour pressure above 500 mbar at storage temperature, for example in countries with high ambient temperature and sun radiation, vapour recovery units (VRUs) may need to be installed.

A newly developed alternative to VRUs connected to the whole vapour space of fixed roof tanks, is a vapour suck off system connected to the intermediate spaces of the sealing systems of external floating roof or internal floating roof tanks. Another option is small VRUs or vapour burning units operating at a low and constant gas flow.

For more information:

http://imhof-tanktechnik. de/index_gb.php

27/02/2013

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March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

If we fail to plan, we plan to fail…

emergency response plans The Major Incident Investigation Board into the Buncefield incident highlighted the need for a coordinated approach or mutual aid arrangement to handle a similar event. The HSE has a particular interest in ensuring compliance with pre-plans that identify multi-tank/ bund scenarios and associated equipment, manpower and the resources necessary to help mitigate the incident so far as reasonably practicable. With local authority fire cover under constant review against a background of cost cutting, it is clear that resources will be more likely to come from the industry itself.

Key headings for consideration are: • Manpower • Equipment and resources including monitors, other fire fighting equipment, fire pumps, water supplies and foam • Fire water run-off • External impact.

The manpower issue Availability of manpower will be the key element in the mix for deciding whether or not to go for a combined fixed and mobile solution or just fixed protection. Some sites, particularly storage sites as opposed to processing facilities, run with limited personnel and that may be tied up in other equally important operational functions during an incident. In order to ensure resilience in the case of outside assistance coming in, familiarity with procedures and kit is essential: • Know the location of the facility they may be called to • Know emergency access points • Know who to report to • Be aware of facility specific hazards • Be aware of facility equipment and how to use it • Have approved documentation/ passes to enable access through police cordon • Undertake periodic topography and local training exercises.

• This in turn depends on water supplies. The UK’s existing fuel storage tank sites are often lacking in this department. Buncefield has re-written the rule book in many ways. Water tanks and diesel pumps typically designed to NFPA 20 are key to success. Secondary alternatives include seawater where appropriate, lagoon, river, pond or reservoir. It is sometimes possible, due to geography, to use a gravity fed supply. However, access to secondary water supplies presents logistical challenges such as distance, height of lift, amount of hose available, vital crossings to be negotiated (such as railways and motorways).

• High volume mobile fire pumps are still a rare commodity in the UK. The New Dimension pumps in use by the county fire and rescue services are primarily designed for flood relief duty or relay pumping, not the required high pressure/ high volume. A 15,000l/min trailer pump reduces the need for many appliances and can be strategically located and re-located.

Maintaining it during long periods of operation could be handled by a pre-arrangement with a specialist contractor, not forgetting refuelling.

• Communications between pumps and ownership/responsibility needs to be carefully managed.

Multiple lines laid at considerable distances apart make fire ground dynamics even harder to manage.

• High volume low aspiration monitors need to be of a size capable of extinguishing the largest tank or bund fire. Multiple tank fires will need strategic targeting on a prioritisation basis • Water distribution via high volume/ large diameter hose improves efficiency of hose laying and hydraulics. Hose trailers and retrieval systems are required to overcome manual handling issues associated with 5” and 6” hose.

Equipment and resources Foam Decisions here will be reflected by the route chosen under manpower but can be divided into a number of specific areas: • For large inventory, flammable liquid storage there is no substitute for a correctly designed fixed or mobile approach.

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

The EN 13565-2 fire-fighting foam design standard came into force in 2009 but is still not as widely known as the long established NFPA 11 standard.

However, early acquaintance is to be encouraged because the application rates for monitor application to tanks are

121

emergency response plans Joint Oil Industry Fire Forum reports show that incidents occur more often than we think

High volume/ high pressure mobile pumps designed and built by Hawkes Fire

considerably higher than under NFPA. For tanks of 45-60m in diameter, the rate is 11 litres per minute/m2 for 90 mins. and for 60m + tanks it is 12 lpm/m2 for 90 mins. Foam supplies will need to be considered either from the site itself or with neighbours with similar demands. Angus Fire, as the only UK manufacturer of foam, has a proven track record in supplying bulk stock by road tanker under police escort from its emergency stocks.

The positioning of so called consignment stock needs to be carefully assessed as it may not be as readily available: • Consideration needs to be given to whether or not the foam is suitable for the equipment used, i.e. 3% induction is not suitable for 1% foam and vice versa • Foam is compatible with other foam being mobilised • Foam is inextricably linked to proportioning capability.

A foam proportioning unit that can be located a good distance from the fire ground enables safe continuity of supply. Feeding from road tanker or IBC’s and fork lift trucks needs clear routes in and out. Again, this cannot be seen in isolation from the water supply logistics. Modern water driven turbine proportioners and jet pumps are the preferred method of foam delivery to the monitors.

122

Fire water run-off Management of fire water run-off needs to comply with PPG 18 Control of Spillages and Fire Fighting Run-off.

Generally facility bunding/ containment is designed to cope with foreseeable events.

When an incident is protracted to the extent of multiple tank/ bund fires, these containment procedures may not be enough. Further consideration is therefore required in line with the pre-plan that helps reduce the environmental impact and comply with the legislation based on primary, secondary and remote containment.

Containment areas to be identified locally where possible to reduce the possibility of leaching or uncontrolled discharge: • Secondary bunds or clay lined pits available? What

capacity is available and can pumping operations remove run-off from active areas to passive (non involved) areas • Empty tanks available?

Can they be used and how would they be filled?

• Can run-off be tankered away before bunds are compromised?

Monitoring of bund levels must be undertaken and should be included as a prompt on the ERP for the Incident Commander • For tank fires, can bund contents from cooling operations, including from rain, be pumped from bund extraction points via hose lines to secondary bunds?

• Do bunds have extraction points available?

• Sacrificial areas, bunded car parks (with drains covered) use of sand and

earth moving equipment for emergency bund formation etc, all need to be assessed locally but at all times to be applied with respect to preventing contamination of substrate and water courses • Removal from the facility should be considered.

This is especially important where secondary containment is limited.

Resilience of the plan As with all policies and procedures, the plans will only prove successful if effectively implemented and adopted. This means of course communication of strategy and plans to relevant agencies and members, exercising and testing needs to be implemented and periodic reviews undertaken.

As part of the plan a senior role must be given responsibility for owning and, where necessary, testing and invoking the support mechanisms. If the plan is untested and review processes fail, no one takes ownership, communication links change, names and numbers alter, and support functions disappear and are not untested, the plan will fall into disrepute.

While much of the above may appear onerous, the measures would be deemed reasonably practicable by the authority having jurisdiction.

This is always the benchmark for the discharge of a site operator’s duty of care, not just within any legislative framework but to its shareholders, employees, neighbours and the environment. In some cases the facility is a vital part of a secure energy supply for a nation, not forgetting the bedrock of a profitable future business. A company’s very existence following a major incident is in doubt if it is found wanting so following that expert guidance in matters of fire should be a priority.

For more information:

This article was written by David Owen, business development manager of Hawkes Fire www.hawkesfire.co.uk

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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page header construction

Compressing the project schedule How Oranje-Nassau Energie is building tanks in record time In less than six months time, two storage tanks with a cone roof and aluminium internal floating roof need to be constructed and erected for a new build gas production facility at the largest tank terminal and refining area of the Netherlands, ‘the Maasvlakte’ at the Rotterdam harbour area.

The tanks will be used for natural gas condensate storage, one of the products from the Q16-Maas development of Oranje-Nassau Energie (ONE), a Dutch E&P operator company involved in the upstream E&P industry.

‘It is a special project – one of a kind,’ states Peter Nieuwenhuijze, construction and engineering manager at ONE. In Q3 2011, ONE

drilled a well to reach a gas reservoir in block Q16 of the Southern North Sea. The field contains natural high caloric gas with a relatively high gas condensate content. To achieve natural gas export specification for consumers, the propane and butane fractions in the gas have to be separated. This will result in four main export products; natural gas, gas condensate, propane

Mercon fabricating gas condensate storage for new build gas facility Oranje Nassau Energie

and butane in a mixture named LPG. LPG production directly from the natural gas source makes the project special and process relatively complex.

124

‘Besides the process complexity, there is the continuous balance between costs and schedule. Q16Maas is considered a marginal field. Investments, however, are relatively high and the time frame of the project development is very tight’, Nieuwenhuijze continues.

‘It is our intention to export gas, condensate and LPG in Q4 2013, just two years after

discovery.’

ONE has contracted the Netherlandsbased Mercon for the design, engineering , construction and transportation of the gas condensate tanks which measure 14.2m in diameter and 14.7m in cylindrical height.

Unloading and installation will be under the supervision of Mercon, a company experienced in building tanks off site at its own yards. In

this way, the civil works for the tank foundation and pits can take place alongside the construction of the tanks, the cone roofs and the internal floating roofs. ‘Good interaction and flexibility are key to such a project.

Mercon offers a modular approach which fits well with our way of doing business’, says Nieuwenhuijze.

From a safety perspective this is also a good option as a lot of activities will be taking place at the same time at the Q16-Maas worksite. Next to the logistics process, ONE specified special safety precautions to prevent corrosion of the tanks from Mercon. The tank bottoms will be protected by a special coating of 500 micron.

Also the first 2m of the lowest shell course will be treated with this special coating.

Next to this, additional safety measures are required in the design of the internal floating roof to minimise emissions to the atmosphere. A rim foam dam will prevent fire risk. Safety and environment is taken as highest priority at ONE. Mercon will use its 24/7 safety system, which is actually a behavioural safety programme. It was first used for a storage tank project with Shell last year and received very positive feedback.

In July this year, the tanks will be shipped, installed and subsequently water tested.

The tanks will be ready to receive gas condensate at the end of 2013.

For more information:

This article was written by Marika van Pol. Contact Peter Dikkerboom at Mercon, www.mercon.com

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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ABB consulting provides technical and engineering services to improve performance in the areas of compliance, operations and engineering to customers in the chemical, petrochemical, oil & gas, power and pharmaceutical industries worldwide. We offer expertise in the following areas: environmental services, inspection (including tanks, drains and bunds), integrity (including site health checks), project services, safety (including SIL, HAZOP, ROSOV, occupied buildings, firewater management and human factors) specialist functional engineering, technical software and technical training. www.abb.com/consulting ABB Consulting Tel: +44 (0)1925 741111 email: contact@gb.abb.com

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thermal imaging

thermal imaging

Hot topic:

minimising steam loss Thermal imaging inspections are helping Vopak know when to renew its pipeline insulation and avoid unnecessary risks, as well as financial losses

Heat leakage due to failing insulation clearly shows up on the thermal image

When transporting high volumes of hot gaseous or liquid chemicals through a network of pipes the quality of the pipework insulation is of vital importance for the system to work optimally.

Both for financial and environmental reasons heat leakage needs to be avoided at all costs. Inspections with thermal imaging cameras can help detect heat leakage so imperfect insulation can be repaired and the process can be optimised.

One of the companies that realised the importance of pipework inspections with thermal imaging cameras is Vopak. At the terminal’s storage facility in Vlaardingen, the Netherlands, steam is transported at 170° C through a network of pipes with a total length of over 1km. To

determine the exact amount of energy loss during that transportation process Vopak hired Dutch thermographic consultancy agency Thermografisch Adviesbureau Uden to do a thorough survey of the pipework insulation.

According to the management trainee responsible for energy projects at the Vlaardingen terminal Tim Hoogstrate, there are several reasons why his interest in thermal imaging surveys was peaked. ‘We use steam to prevent the vegetable oil we handle at this terminal from solidifying. To transport the steam to the vegetable oil tanks we have a network of steam pipes throughout the entire terminal. Since all pipework insulation is subject to degeneration over time we need to know where

‘The financial effect of the energy loss is similar to tossing high quality flat-screen televisions in the bin each year’

TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

127

thermal imaging paint and tape to ensure that every reading was accurate.’

One factor that made Grispen’s job easier was the thermal imaging camera used: ‘We used the FLIR P660 thermal imaging camera for the inspections. It is highly accurate and provides crisp thermal images. It’s also easy to use, with several special features such as voice comments, automatically embedded GPS coordinates and such that makes my life easier.’

The accuracy of the readings was a vital requirement for Cyril Vallen from the energy loss consultancy agency Xellins. ‘I cannot stress enough how important it is that the

then the final calculation is completely useless. Even extremely small deviations below 1°C can seriously influence the outcome.’

Together with Grispen and his colleagues Vallen spent several nights at the terminal, looking for problem areas. ‘We found about 150 sites that warranted further investigation. The analysis is not completely finished yet, but I can reveal that in several locations the insulation defects can be called severe. To put it in some kind of perspective: in some locations the financial effect of the energy loss is similar to tossing high quality flat-screen televisions in the bin each year.’

With the information from Vallen’s calculations

thermal data is accurate.

I have highly advanced mathematic models at my disposal that can be used to accurately determine the exact amount of energy that is lost at each problem area, but if the thermal data I feed into my models are incorrect

Hoogstrate can accurately determine the cost of each problem area and, combined with a repairs quotation from an insulation specialist, he can then immediately see whether repairing the insulation in that particular location is worth his while.

Accuracy of readings is vital

Emissivity and infrared reflection made it an interesting challenge for Grispen to provide the level of accuracy needed for the energy loss calculation the pipework insulation has to be renewed.’

this assignment an interesting challenge’, explains Grispen.

Minimising energy loss is hot

‘Not an easy task’

This information is not only important for financial reasons, explains Hoogstrate: ‘Obviously minimising energy loss is a hot topic nowadays, for both environmental and financial reasons, but security is also a factor. If the insulation is faulty the external surface of the pipes can become dangerously hot and accidents can happen all too easily.’

The task of providing Hoogstrate with the required information fell on Ralf Grispen and Rob Huting, thermographers at Thermografisch Adviesbureau Uden. ‘Using thermal imaging cameras for pipework insulation inspection is nothing new, but in this case the client needed something more: a calculation of the exact amount of energy loss that is caused by each individual insulation failure. That made

According to Grispen, acquiring accurate thermographic readings was not an easy task. ‘Any thermographer will tell you thermographic inspections of metal surfaces such as these pipes can be quite challenging. Due to the high reflectivity of metal surfaces you have to painstakingly choose your angle in order to avoid infrared reflections that ruin the thermographic readings and each piece of pipework has a different emissivity value due to varying levels of oxidation.’

To solve these problems Grispen hat to pull out all the stops. ‘I used every thermography trick in the book. Not only did I choose my angles carefully and correct the readings for the reflected apparent temperature, I also used thermographic calibration

128

Thermographer Ralf Grispen uses a FLIR thermal imaging camera to inspect pipework insulation

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

U

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

To get advertising prices or to request a copy of the media pack for 2013 please contact: David Kelly on +44 (0) 203 551 5754 or david@tankstoragemag.com For editorial information please contact: Margaret Dunn on +44 (0) 208 687 4126 or margaret@tankstoragemag.com

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129

environmental compliance

Comparing oil and grease in water testing methods Whether trying to meet effluent limits for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit or comply with oil and grease limits for the Clean Water Act (CWA), it is important to understand what could make oil in water readings vary.

The following factors need to be considered when comparing oil in water analysis methods: 1. Different methods measure different properties of oil Oil comes in many forms and the measurement is defined by the regulatory method. If EPA 1664 is the regulatory method, the ‘oil’ is anything extracted from the water into hexane and left after the hexane has been evaporated to show up as weight. In regions where infrared analysis is the defining method, the ‘oil’ is whatever is extracted into the solvent and has carbon-hydrogen bonds that absorb infrared light at a specific frequency. Each method is looking at different physical properties of oil and can potentially give different results.

2. Precision and bias statement for each oil in water method There are acceptable errors for each method typically expressed in the precision and bias statement for the method. For example, EPA Method 1664 states in the ‘Ongoing precision and recovery’ (section 17.0) that for a 100 ppm sample the acceptable range is 78-114 ppm. If the test includes the silica gel treatment (SGT) to remove the polar organics, the acceptable range is 64132 ppm. Therefore, if the result from a laboratory for a silica gel treated sample is 65 ppm and the alternate method result is 130 ppm, they are both within the acceptable range.

3. Operator differences With any method where there is sample preparation, the human factor is added in. If a solvent/sample mix is only shaken for one minute rather than the required two minutes, the amount of oil extracted into the solvent will be significantly less. In some cases, it has been half the reading. Table 1 shows a comparison of a five-way sample split analysed on two InfraCal TOG/ TPH Analyzers and at three laboratories. The results disprove the common misconception that the lab is always right.

130

Wilks InfraCal Customer InfraCal 51 62 71 63 3

49 61 – 53 1

Lab 1 67 74 76 66 14

Lab 2 23 43 70 55 7

Lab 3 51 47 49 40 <5

Table 1: A five-way sample split 4. Taking oil and grease grab samples In order to have an objective comparison, samples should be identical. If there is variability in the waste stream, this can be a difficult task. The old adage that oil and water do not mix holds true for wastewater as well.

Oil also likes to stick to glass. If sample collection containers are being reused, they should be rinsed with solvent to remove any residual oil. For sample analysis, the solvent should either be blended in the sample container or, if the sample is to be transferred to another container, the original sample container should be rinsed with a portion of the solvent that will be used for the extraction. It not, any oil on the container surface will be excluded from the reading.

5. Sample disparities Not all oil in water samples are alike which makes it difficult when comparing analytical methods that look at different properties of the oil in order to make the measurement. Oil is a mix of chemical components that changes from one location to another – it can even change at the same location.

For example, samples often contain a mix of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. UV fluorescence only detects aromatic hydrocarbons while infrared will detect both aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The two analytical methods could give different results if the aromatic/aliphatic ratio changes.

Samples that contain volatile hydrocarbons could also show different results between EPA 1664 and an infrared transmission method. With the 1664 gravimetric method, any volatile oils below the boiling point of hexane will be evaporated off with the solvent. With an infrared method using a transmission cell, the oil is measured directly in the solvent without evaporation and the volatile hydrocarbons will be retained. This will make a transmission infrared reading higher than an EPA 1664 result if the sample has volatile oils.

While all of the considerations listed above make it look like any correlation could be difficult, by using careful analytical procedures, understanding the composition of the waste stream and knowing the limits of each measurement system, useful information can still be generated. Table 2 shows samples from on an oil rig in the North Sea that were tested by a laboratory using EPA InfraCal 1664 and the InfraCal TOG/TPH Analyzer, Model NTLModel HATR-T2, which uses hexane as an HATR-T2 1664 extraction solvent. This example shows that 31 33 infrared analysis, which has been used off 15 32 shore for over 40 years, can be a valuable 17 27 23 29 tool in assessing if an oil separation system is 15 30 performing to the required specifications.

20 34 Most methods will typically correlate 10 12 closely enough to provide operators 12 14 with the information necessary to make 12 13 sure their effluent does not exceed the 2 14 regulatory limit even though the numbers 25 24 19 11 may not always match exactly.

13 21 For more information: Table 2: Lab-tested oil http://wilksir.com/pdf/WP_Comparing_ rig samples oil_in_water_methods.pdf

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

thermal imaging

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of in-depth strategic, technical and operational content that cannot be found at other shows. Hear from industry leaders in our unmissable keynote strategic sessions on investment and maximising capacity, gain access to exclusive port and operator CEO roundtables, and interact with your peers through our innovative strategic and technical breakout sessions and workshops covering automation, to HSE and operations.

Attending Companies Include: ENOC • Galana Petroleum Ltd • Oiltanking MEA • Gulf Petrochemicals and Chemicals Association • National Trading and Investment • (Al-Sayegh Group) • GPS Chemoil Terminal • GPS Chemoil Terminal • Gulf Petrochem Group • VTTI Fujairah Ltd • Nilcon Group Egypt • NOSCO Terminal • Saudi Aramco, Stolthaven Terminals • Vopak Horizon Fujairah Ltd • Port of Salalah • Aqaba Bulk Chemicals • Horizon Terminals • Sabic Terminal Service • Emarat • Adani Hazira Ports • Salalah Port • Delta Rubis • AQABA Development Corporation • AQABA Development Corporation • ADCO • Shell Pakistan • Solvochem • ATS Terminals • Indian Oiltanking • Endress and Hauser • Resource Protection International • Alexandria

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TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

Scan me and book now

131

events MARCH 2013 n 19-21st March NISTM 15th Annual International Aboveground Storage Conference & Trade Show Orlando, Florida NISTM will bring together independent and major terminal operators and equipment manufacturers and suppliers to redefine strategic vision and technical requirements for future terminals. n 19-21st March StocExpo Antwerp Expo, Antwerp, Belgium The Storage Terminal Operators’ Conference and Exhibition (StocExpo), now in its ninth year, provides a platform for terminal operators, traders, regulators and equipment suppliers to do business. The 2012 event boasted more than 180 exhibitors from 29 countries across the world. A world-renowned conference will run alongside the three-day exhibition.

APRIL 2013

n 29-30th April Tank Storage Forum MENA Dubai, UAE The MENA 2013 conference will address the key issues facing tank storage professionals in the region. The forum is attended by over 250 experts from the Middle East and North Africa including oil and chemical companies, ports, tank terminal operators, integrators and supplies.

MAY 2013

n 6-8th May 8th Annual Bulk Liquid Storage Tanks Conference Southern Sun Elangeni, Durban, South Africa Highlighting the latest advances in technologies, processes and procedures for effective storage tank management. This year the conference is in the new location of Durban and will also feature a seminar on tank terminal management. n 13-14th May Platt’s 6th Annual Crude Oil Summit 2013 London, UK Hear from upstream leaders and market experts from the international oil community as they discuss the industry’s evolving landscape and explore how the ‘new supply and demand’ era is changing the game for all involved.

advert index JUNE 2013

n 3-5th June ILTA Houston, Texas The International Liquid Terminals Association aims to provide its members with information tools to facilitate regulatory compliance and improve operations, safety and environmental performance while at the same time offering opportunities for relationship building, networking and knowledge sharing. n 5-7th June OGA – the 14th Asian Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering Exhibition Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre, Malaysia OGA 2013 will showcase the latest technology, equipment and machinery in the fields of oil, gas and petrochemical engineering. The 2011 show saw the participation of 1,560 companies from 45 countries that attracted 20,705 trade visitors from 68 countries.

SEPTEMBER 2013

n 17-19th September Tank Storage Forum LATAM Sao Paulo, Brazil This event provides information and networking opportunities to industry professionals in the region. It will bring together over 250 oil and chemical companies, ports, tank terminal operators, integrators and suppliers to share best practice and address growth opportunities in the region.

DECEMBER 2013 n 10-11th December Tank Storage Asia Max Atria, Singapore Expo This two-day conference and expo brings together terminal operators, traders, regulators and equipment suppliers.

Technology on display at the exhibition includes everything relating to tank design, construction and maintenance, through to innovations in metering and measuring, pumps and valves, and automation and loading equipment.

Tank Storage magazine (ISSN 1750-841X) is published six times a year (in January, March, May, July, September and November) by Horseshoe Media Ltd, Marshall House, 124 Middleton Road, Morden, Surrey, SM4 6RW, United Kingdom.

The 2012 US Institutional subscription price is $240. Airfreight and mailing in the USA by Agent named Air Business, C/O Worldnet Shipping USA Inc., 155-11 146th Street, Jamaica, New York NY11434. Periodical postage pending at Jamaica NY 11431.

Subscription records are maintained at Horseshoe Media Ltd, Marshall House, 124 Middleton Road, Morden, Surrey, SM4 6RW, United Kingdom.

Air Business Ltd is acting as our mailing agent.

132

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Inside Front Cover, 70 8 BTE 23 8 Carbovac 101 8 Cashco 77 8 CB&I 19 8 Cresco 115 8 CST Covers 47 8 Diamond Key 78 8 EA Projects 94 8 Emerson 5 8 Emerson Fisher 17 8 Endegs 81 8 Endress & Hauser 35 8 Filtertechnik 12 8 Flexim 90 8 Flotech PS 73 8 FPS 125 8 Franklin Valve 84 8 G.A.S 103 8 GEA Wiegand 33 8 General Atomics 112 8 Hayward Baker 58 8 HMT 36 8 Honeywell Enraf 27 8 IIR 123 8 ILTA Inside Back Cover 8 IMHOF 14 8 Implico 108 8 Incon 89 8 Ivens 65 8 JPM 11 8 Kanon Outside Back Cover 8 L&J 21 8 Lemis Process 107 8 Lightning Master 91 8 LRES 31 8 Magnetrol 40 8 Mascoat 115 8 Mercon 22 8 Mesa 83 8 MHT Technology 86 8 MTS Sensor 85 8 MUC Oil & Gas 25 8 Newson Gale 82 8 Nordic Storage 9 8 Oreco 96 8 PDE 8 8 Philadelphia mixers 15 8 Port of Amsterdam 43 8 Protego 50 8 Ragworm 93 8 Rosen 48 8 Rotary 7 8 RS - Seliger 34 8 Saval 20 8 Schafer & Urbach 95 8 Schneider Electric 29 8 Scully 99 8 Silverwing 97 8 Simon Storage Insert 8 Solventas 54 8 Surface Active Solutions 92 8 Tank Storage Forum 131 8 TEPSA 102 8 TODO 53 8 Toptech 69 8 Tradebe 108 8 TSA 24 8 Verwater 106 8 Vincotte 57 8 WE Couplings 61 8 Wilks 16

March/April 2013 • TANK STORAGE

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33RD ANNUAL

International Operating Conference & Trade Show

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Develop your technical expertise in terminal operations by attending focused presentations and workshops.

CONFERENCE SESSIONS INCLUDE:

Tank Overfill Protection: Evaluating the Revised API 2350 Standard Mechanical Integrity Programs: The Case for a Proactive Approach The Panama Canal Expansion and Other Critical Issues for U.S. Ports Chemical Manufacturing in the U.S.: The Latest Trends Mitigating Cyber Threats: Tools for Improving Computer and Network Security Ensuring Due Diligence in Dealing with Vacuum Truck Hazards

info@ilta.org | +1-703-875-2011 | www.ilta.org TANK STORAGE • March/April 2013

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