EAR, EAR!

UNDERSTANDING EAR INFECTIONS IN DOGS

Ear infections are a common health issue in dogs, affecting dogs of all breeds, sizes, and ages. Known medically as otitis, these infections can cause significant discomfort and, if left untreated, may lead to more serious health problems. Understanding the causes, recognising the symptoms, and knowing how to prevent and treat ear infections are essential for keeping your dog healthy and happy.

WHAT CAUSES EAR INFECTIONS IN DOGS?

Ear infections in dogs can be caused by a variety of factors. The anatomy of a dog’s ear, particularly in breeds with long, floppy ears, makes it a prime environment for infections. The ear canal is also L-shaped, trapping moisture, debris, and bacteria, which can lead to infections.

Common causes of ear infections include:

• Bacteria: One of the most common causes, bacterial infections often occur when the natural flora of the ear is disrupted.

• Yeast: Yeast infections thrive in warm, moist environments, making a dog’s ear canal an ideal breeding ground.

• Ear mites: These tiny parasites can infest the ear canal, leading to intense itching and secondary infections.

• Allergies: Dogs with food or environmental allergies are more prone to ear infections. The inflammation caused by allergies can make the ears more susceptible to infection.

• Foreign bodies: Grass seeds, dirt, or other debris that gets lodged in the ear canal can lead to irritation and infection.

• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions like hypothyroidism can make dogs more susceptible to infections due to weakened immune responses.

• Moisture: Dogs that swim frequently or live in humid environments are at higher risk because moisture in the ear can encourage bacterial and yeast growth.

RECOGNISING EAR INFECTIONS

Early detection of an ear infection can prevent discomfort for your dog and avoid more severe complications. Symptoms of ear infections can vary in intensity but often include:

• Head shaking or tilting: Dogs with an ear infection often shake their head or tilt it to one side to try and relieve discomfort.

• Scratching or pawing at the ear: Infected ears can be itchy, causing dogs to scratch them excessively.

• Redness and swelling: The ear canal and surrounding areas may become red, swollen, and inflamed.

• Odour: A foul or unusual smell from the ear is often a sign of infection.

• Discharge: You may notice yellow, brown, or bloody discharge in the ear canal.

• Pain or sensitivity: Your dog may yelp or pull away when their ear is touched due to the pain associated with the infection.

• Loss of balance: In severe cases, especially if the infection has spread to the inner ear, dogs may experience balance issues or even appear disoriented.

TREATING EAR INFECTIONS

Treatment for ear infections depends on the underlying cause but usually involves the following steps:

• Cleaning the ear: The vet may need to clean your dog’s ear to remove debris and discharge, making treatment more effective. This may be done in the clinic, or you may be provided with a specific ear cleaner for use at home.

• Medication: Ear infections are typically treated with medicated ear drops that contain antibiotics, antifungals, or anti-inflammatory drugs. In cases where the infection is due to allergies or mites, additional medications may be prescribed.

• Oral medications: For severe infections or if the infection has spread, oral antibiotics or antifungals may be necessary.

• Follow-up care: It’s essential to complete the entire course of treatment as prescribed and follow up with your vet to ensure the infection has fully resolved.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE

Ear infections are a common but treatable condition in dogs. By understanding the causes and symptoms and taking proactive steps to prevent and treat infections, you can help ensure

your dog’s ears stay healthy and free from discomfort. Regular vet care and attentive ear hygiene are essential components of responsible dog ownership, helping to keep your furry friend happy, healthy, and infection-free.