Manual for Paralegal in Burmese Language

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1

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2

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3

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4

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5

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6

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7

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12;00 ae@vnfpmoHk;aqmifjcif;?

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8;30 yxrae@oifwef;ydk@cscsufrsm;tm;jyefvnfaqG;aEG;jcif;?

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8

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10;30 10;45 12;00 13;00

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10;30 10;45

12;00 13;30 15;45 16;00

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9

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2? tvkyform;rsm;a&$@ajymif;r+ESifh urBmhpD;yGg;a&;aps;uGufa&$@ajymif;r+ ESpfaygif;axmifaygif;rsm;pGmwav#mufwGif vl@todkif;t0dkif;onfody`HynmESifhxkwfvkyfr+acwfrSDenf;pepfwdk; wufr+rsm;a-umifh pD;yGg;a&wdk;wufr+ tcsdK@onf tjcm;t&mrsm;ajymif;vJ&eftajccHusaomta-umif; wckkjzpfvmcJhonf? Oa&mywGif pufr+awmfvSefa&;ay:aygufcJhjyD;aemufydkif;wGif 17 = 18&mpkYajrmuftar &duodk@ul;pufvmcJhjyD;/ vlr+a&;tm;t}uD;tus,fajymif;vJapcJhonf?Oa&myESifhtar&duwGifruwurBmvHk; .pD;yGg;a&;ESifhvlr+a&;udk ygajymif;vJapcJhonf? ygwf0ef;usifESifh teD;w0dkufwGifpD;yGg;a&;wGif pufr+vkyfief;pD;yGg; a&;aps;uGufonf toufarG;r+twGuf ,cifpdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfr+ESifhvufr+ynm.ae&mwGiftpm;xdk;0ifa&muf ae&m,lvmcJhonf? xdkpD;yGg;a&;pepfa-umifhtvkyform;ajrmufrsm;pGmwdk@xkwfvkyfr+twGufpufr+vkyfief;rsm;/ ukefoG,fr+0efaqmifr+/ pdkufysdK;xkwv f kyfr+rsm;twGuf ay:aygufvmcJh&onf?

19&mpktpydkif;wGifpufr+vkyfief;,SOfjydKifr+wGif t*FvefESifhjyifopfonf acgif;aqmifedKifiHrsm;jzpfvmcJhjyD; pufr+ vkyfief;topfrsm;wGif *smreDESifh*syef wdk@onf acgif;aqmifjzpfonf? xdkacgif;aqmifedKifiHrsm;onf ukef-urf; &&Sda&;ESifhpufr+ukefacsmjzef@jzL;a&;e,fajrvk&eftwGufjzpfonf? xdk@a-umifhukefoG,fr+tm;aESmifhaES;apjcif;/ pufr+vkyfief;a[mif;rsm;jzpfaom udkvdkededKifiHrsm;tm;aps;uGufwGif;0ifa&mufvmr+tm;[ef@wm;r+rsm;a-umifh 'kwd,urBmppfjzpfyGg;apcJhonf? 'kwd,urBmppfjyD;20&mpkESpfwGif tm%m&SifedKifiHrsm;rS udkvdkeDedKifiHrsm;tm; vGwf vyfa&;ay;vdkufonf? odk@aomf olwdk@.pD;yGg;a&;tm%moufa&mufr+udkcsKyfudkifxm;qJjzpfonf? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

10

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

wdk;wufjyD;edKifiHrsm;ESifh udkvdkeDtm%m&Sifrsm;jzpfaomtar&duefESifhOa&myedKifiHrsm;onfvGwfvyfaomul; oef;a&mif;0,fr+enf;vrf;atmifjrif&eftm;xkwfcJh-uonf?edkfifiHrsm;rS vGwfvyfaomukefoG,fa&;vrf;zGifh&ef tjynfjynfqdkif&mwGiftzGJ@0ifrsm;&&SdedKif&eftwGuft}udrf}udrfusdK;pm;cJh-uonf? aemufqHk; tjynfjynfqdkif &mvGwfvyfaom ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; oabmwlnDcsuf ESifhurBmu h kefoG,fa&;tzGJ@udk World Trade Organization (WTO) vGwfvyfpGmuloef;a&mif;0,fa&;oabmwlnDcsufrsm; vdkufem&eftwGufedKifiH toD; oD;tm;ulnD&ef zGJ@pnf;edKifcJhonf? vGwfvyfaompD;yGg;a&;aps;uGuf onf vGwfvyfaomaps;uGufodk@ukefypPnf;jzef@jzL;&ef tusdK;r&SdonfrSvGJI &if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+us,fjyef@a&;twGufpufr+edKifiHrsm;rS &if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+rsm;udk wdk;wufqJedkifiHrsm;odk@csJ @xGifedKifonf? ukef-urf;&&SdedKifaomae&mESifhaps;uGufESifheD;aomae&mrsm;tjyif/ ta&;}uD;qHk;jzpfaomaps;aygaomtvkyfo rm;rsm;&&SdedKifaomtvkyform;aps;uGufESifheD;aomae&mrsm;wGif edKifiHjcm;ukr`%Dvma&mufzGifhvSpfr+rsm;jym; vmcJhonf?urBmhedKifiHtoD;oD;tm;rsufpdusapjyD; urBmhpD;yGg;a&;&if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+onfatmufygpD;yGg;a&;pepfrsm; tjzpfajymif;vJapcJhonf?

1= vGwfvyfaom&if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+ESifhaiGa-u; (Lberalization) 2= tpdk;&rS pD;yGg;a&;tm;n$ef-um; xdef;csKyfr+av#mhcsjcif; (Deregulation) 3= tpdk;&ukr`%Dvkyfief;yHkpHajymif;jcif;/ tpdk;&.vkyfief;rsm;v$Jajymif;ay;jcif;/ jynfolydkifrSyk*~vduydkift jzpfajymif;vJjcif; (Privatization) wurBmvHk;vuf&Sd twdkif;twmt&atmufwGifvdkufI ajymif;vJae&aomfvnf; pD;yGg;a&; &if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+ atmufwGifurBm}uD;a&muf&Sdaeonf? pD;ygG;a&;/ vlr+a&; ESifhedKifiHtoD;oD;.edkifiHa&;tajctaewdk@onf uGJ jym;vmcJhonf?xdkuGJjym;r+onfae&mwdkif;wGifydkrdkrsm;jym;vmjyD; Oa&myedKifiHtenf;i,fESifhajrmuftar&duwdk@ wGifom wnfjrJaecJhonf? wcsdefxJrSmyiftqif;&JqHk;aomedKifiHrsm;&SdvmcJhonf? trsm;tm;jzifh tmz&du/ vufwiftar&duef ESifhtm&SedKifiHwdk@jzpfonf? tvkyform;rsm;.tcef;u他onf urBmh&if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+t& vGwfvyfpGma&$@ajymif;r+rsm;a-umifh ukefxkwf vkyfa&;wGif a&yef;pm;vmcJhonf? tvkyform;aps;uGuftm;vGwfvyfpGma&$@ajymif;edKifjcif;r&Sdao;ojzifh &if;ESD;jrKyfESHr+ aps;uGufuJhodk@ tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;aps;uGuf jzpfajrmufa&;udkusdK;yrf;ae-uonf? O a&mybHkaps;uJhodk@ a'owcktaeESifh aomfvnf;aumif;/ a'ocJGwcktaeESifh aomfvnf;aumif;/ uef@owfr+ om&Sdaeao;onf? rwnfjidrfaomwdk;wufr+rsm;wurBmvHk;tm;jyef@ESH@aeaom tcsdefwGifcsrf;omaomedKifiHESihfqif;&Jaom edKiffiH omru csrf;omaomedKifiHwGif ukefxkwfvkyfr+ESifh0efaqmifr+tm; tqifhjrifhody`Henf;pepftoHk;jyKedKif&efvkyf &nfudkif&nf&SdjyD;/ ynmjrifhrm;aomtvkyform;rsm;vdktyfonf? wcsdefwnf;rSmyiftdrf&SifedKifiHrStvkyfo rm;rsm;rvkyfvdkonfhvkyfief;rsm;tm;u|rf;usifr+&SdItodynmenf;yg;aomaps;aygonfh tvkyform;rsm;udk vnf;tvdk&Sdv#uf&Sdonf? qif;&JaomedKifiHrSt&nftcsif;r&SdIaps;aygaomtvkyform;rsm;tm; csrf;om onfhedKifiHrsm;odk@o,faqmifr+ay:aygufcJh&onf? u|rf;usifr+ESifhacwfrSDody`Hynm&yfrsm;wwfu|rf;aom t vkyform;rsm;udkvGwfvyfpGm wedKifiHrSwedKifiHodk@a&$@ajymif;edKifaomfvnf;/ t&nftcsif;r&SdbJaps;aygaom t vkyform;tm;ajymif;a&$@&efowfrSwfcsufrsm;a-umifh tjcm;edKifiHodk@Oya'tm;csdK;azgufaomw&m;r0ifenf; vrf;t&oma&$@ajymif;r+jyK-u&onf?

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

11

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

xdkif;edkifiHwGif avm / uarBm'D,m; ESifhjrefrmedKifiHrsm;rStvkyform; 2 oef;cef@wdk@tvkyfvma&mufvkyf udkifv#uf&Sdonf? rsm;aomtm;jzifhtm;vHk;eD;yg;onf w&m;r0if0ifa&mufvmolrsm;jzpf-uonf? xdktvkyf orm;rsm;onf vkyftm;rsm;pGmvdktyfaom pufr+vkyfief;ESifhygwfoufonfh wHigESifhyifv,fpmvkyfief;/ odk;arG;xnf&ufvkyfjcif;ESifh txnfcsKyfvkyfief;/ aqmufvkyfa&;pdkufysdk;a&;vkyfief;ESifhtdrfaz:vkyfief;rsm;wGif tvkyfvkyfae-uonf? xdkpufr+vkyfief;rsm;ESifhygwfoufaom wHigESifhyifv,fpmjyKvkyfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;&Sd aomyifv,f acsmif;0rsm;jzpfonfh prGwfpmcGef;/ ecGef;yxkef/ prGwfpkefcvrf;/ &aemif;/ pl&wfXmeD/ qkefcvm/ ygoeD ESifh pdkufysdK;a&;aps;uGuf&Sdaom ecGef;yxkef/ uef*sebl&D/ &wfbl&D/ wmhcf/ csif;rdkif/ csif;&dkif;ESifhxdkif;edKif iHawmifydkif;&Sd a&mfbmjcHrsm;wGif tvkyform;rsm;onf pka0;Iaexdkif-u&onf? aps;aygaomtdrfeD;em;csif;edKifiHrStvkyform;rsm;onfxdkif;edKifiH.pD;yGg;a&;twGufrsm;pGmvdktyfv#ufonf? txl;ojzifhedKifiH.pD;yGg;a&;pDrHudef;onfpufr+vkyfief;onft"duusaoma-umifhvkyftm;rsm;pgGvdktyf v#uf&Sd onf? aps;aygaom tvkyform;rsm;. vkyftm;rS&&SdonfhukefypPnf;rsm;onf tjcm;edKifiHrS ukefypPnf;rsm;ESifh ,SOf jydKifedKifjyD;/ xdkif;edKifiHtaeESifhvnf;aps;aygaom ukefypPnf;xkwfvkyfr+ qufvufwnf&Sdrnfjzpfonf? xdkif;edKifiHom;tvkyform;rsm;ta&twGufusqif;r+a-umifhukefxkwfvkyfr+twGuftvkyform;jywfvyfonfh jy\emonf vnf;ajz&Sif;jyD;om;jzpfoGm;onf? t&nftcsif;r&Sdaom tvkyform;rsm;vdktyfr+on fpdkufysdK; a&;vkyfief;rsm;/ a&vkyfief;ESifhyifv,fpmvkyfief;/odk;arG;xnf&ufvkyfonfhvkyfief;ESifh t0wftxnfxkwfvkyf onfhvkyfief;rsm;wGif qufvufwnf&SdaeOD;rnfjzpfonf? pufr+vkyfief;a-unmcsuft& xdkif;edKifiHpD;yGg;a&;vkyfief;wdk;wufr+ 4-5 % omwdk;wufr+&Sdonf[kqdkapumrl 2007 ckESpftxd xdkif;edKifiH aps;aygonfhtdrfeD;emcsi;f edKifiHrStvkyform;vdktyfr+ onf 4odef;xufrenf; ESpfpOfwdk; wuf aeonf? avhvmolrsm;rS 1995 =2005ckESpftxd a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;. vkyftm; a-umifh 100 wGif 0²023 edKifiHtwGuf tusd;&&SdjyD; ESpfpOf oef;aygif; 760 &&Sdonf? xdkif;edkifiHwGif&Sdaoma&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;.tajcjyZ,m; Foreign Workers in Thailand, 1995-2006

rSwfyHkwif

rSwfyHkrwif

pkpkaygif;

1995 293,652 406,348 700,000 1996 293,652 424,037 717,689 1997 90,911 870,556 961,467 1998 99,974 886,915 986,889 1999 99,956 563,820 663,776 2000 568,249 281,751 850,000 2001 409,339 558,910 968,249 2002 288,780 711,220 1,000,000 2003 849,552 149,848 999,400 2004 705,293 807,294 1,512,587 2005 668,576 1,104,773 1,773,349 2006 460,014 1,339,986 1,800,000 rSDjirf;csuf=tvkyform;0ef}uD;XmerSppfaq;jyD; 2006ESpftwGif; a&$@ajymif;tvkyform; 53,202OD; trsm;pkrSmxdkif;edKifiHwGifaexdkif-uonf?

rSwfyHkwifol% 42% 41% 9% 10% 15% 67% 42% 29% 85% 47% 38% 26%

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12

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

13

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14

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15

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16

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8=a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifh rdom;pk0ifrsm;. b0aumif;rGefa&;/ touf/cE<mESifhydkifqdkifr+rsm;tm; um uG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;? a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;wdkif;onfedKifiHwGif;odk@w&m;0ifonfjzpfap/ r0ifonfjzpfap/ 0ifa&mufvmjyD;rSwf yHkwifxm;onfjzpfap/ rSwfyHkrwifxm;onfjzpfap/ usm;/ r/ uav;/ vl}uD;/ Zmwd/ bmom/ omoem/ edKifiH om;rcGJjcm;yJ/ b0aumif;rGefa&;/ touf/ cE<mESifhOpPmypPnf;ydkifqdkifr+ rsm;tm; umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; udkxdkif;edKifiH. jyXmef;xm;aomw&m;rOya'/ &mZ0wfOya'ESifhtjcm;Oya'rsm;atmufwGifwajy;nDcHpm;ydkif cGifh&Sdonf? tu,fIa&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; Oya'csdK;azgufyguvnf;xdkif;edKifiHwGifjyXmef;xm; aomw &m;rr+Oya'ESifh&mZ0wfr+Oya't&ta&;,ltjypfay;jcif;cH&rnfjzpfonf? rnfodk@qdkapumrl &mZ0wfr+.om;aumifESifhw&m;rr+.om;aumiftjzpfusa&mufola&$@ajymif;tvkyform; rsm;ESifhygwfoufIaqmif&Gufr+wGifOya'.umuG,fapmifha&Smufr+tm;&&Sdoifhonfhtwdkif;r&ao;yg? usL;vGef olonfwm0ef&Sdol/ tm%mvGrf;rdk;oljzpfygua&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;jzpfaomepfemolonf usL;vGefolxHrS tenf;i,faom epfema-u;tm;vufcHI tr+tm;ausat;vdkuf&awmhonfhtjzpfodk@a&muf &SdoGm;&awmh onf?xdkenf;twdkif;usL;vGefolrSmvGwfvyfpGmqufIusL;vGefaeawmhonf? wm0ef&Sdolrsm;rSvnf;tv,f vltjzpfaqG;aEG;nSdEd+if;r+rsm;udkusdK;pm;aqmif&Gufay;cJhonf? xdktjyifbmompum;jy\ema-umifh&mZ0wf vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

17

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12=OpPmypPnf;ydkifqdkifr+tm;tumtuG,fay;onfhtajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;(a&$ @ajymif;edKifaomypPnf;ESifhr a&$@ ajymif;edKifaomypPnf;)w&m;r0ifa&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf;/ OpPmypPnf;ydkifqdkifcGifhESifh ygwfouf IOya't&tcGifhta&;&Sdonf? a&$ @ajymif;edKifaomypPnf;ESifhra&$@ajymif;edKifaom ypPnf;tm;vHk;jzpfaomum;/ armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;0,f,l&mwGiftpdk;&rSydkifqdkifr+wGif tvkyform;.trnftm;az:jycGifhray;aomfvnf; / tvkyform;onfum;/ qdkifu,ftm;0,f,lvmjyD; v#ifOya't&ydkifqdkifcGifh&&SdedKifonf? xdk@a-umifhrnfolrqdk tm%m&Sdaomtpdk;&0efxrf;jzpfapa&$@ajymif;tvkyform;xHrSwm0efrJhvk,ljcif;/ odrf;,ljcif;rsm;udkvkyfcGifhr&Sd yg?

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18

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

19

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1=a&S@aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm; (Para legal) (odk@)tcGifhta&;yHhydk;ay;ol apwemh0efxrf;rsm;?

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20

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21

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22

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23

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24

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25

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1 =tcGifhta&;ESifhOya' vl@tcGifhta&; zDvdkqdkzDynm&Sifrsm;.tawG;tac:wGif vl@tcGifhta&;onfvlESifhtwlobm0t& arG;zGg; vmonf[k,Hk-unf-uonf?vlom;rsm;onfpkaygif;aexdkifIobm0.Oya'(odk@) w&m;oabmudkvufudkif xm;onf?jidrf;csrf;pGmwdk;wufa&; twGuf w&m;oabmonf Oya'.tay:wGifwnf&Sdonf// edKifiHwGif;Oy a'ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mOya' / &dk;&m"avh tpOftvmowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf vlom;rsm;.wnfaqmufr+ rsm;omjzpfonf? tu,fIedKifiHawmf.Oya' ESifh&dk;&m"avhtpOftvmrsm; zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifh udkuf nDr+r&Sdaom jyXmef;csufrsm;yg&Sdygu w&m;r#wr+r&SdaomOya'/ ¶dk;&m"avh[krSwf,l&rnf? pnf;aESmifr+&Sd&ef rvdkyJ/ jynfolrsm;rS,Hk-unfr+xm;p&mrvdkyg? aumif;rGefedKifiHOya'ESifh¶dk;&m"avhtpOftvmowfrSwfcsufrsm; onf w&m;aom obm0Oya'.a&mifjyef[yfr+&Sd&rnf? rnfodk@yifjzpfap edKifiHwckay:aygufvmaomtcg vl@tcGifhta&;onf edKifiHawmf. pnf;aESmiftm;&Sdaom Oya'w&yfr[kwfyg? vl@tcGifhta&;onf vl@todkif;t0dkif;rSvufudkifxm;aomwefzdk;w&yfjzpfonf? vl@t cGifhta&;csdK;azgufoltm;todkif;t0dkif;.cGifhjyKcsuf ( Social Sanction ) ESifhuGJjym;aomOya'ESifhOya' jyKvGwf awmf.owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtjypfay;jcif;cH&rnf? owfrSwfxm;onfhtwdkif;raqmif&Gufjcif;/ csdK;azgufjcif; vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

26

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rsm;&Sdyguw&m;rr+ESifh &mZ0wfr+t&tjypfay;jcif;cH&rnf? xdk@a-umifhvl@tcGifhta&;tm;tpdk;&.umuG,f apmifha&Smufr+udkedKifiHawmf.Oya'/tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya't& vl@tcGifhta&;tmrcHcsufrsm;twdkif;cHpm;& rnf?

3=tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya' tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'onf tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'todpdwf"gwfrsm;(International Legal Obligations) ESifhqufEG,fv#uf&Sdonf? tu,ffI rvdkufemaomedKifiHrsm;tm;tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya't&tjypfay;jcif; ESifhygwfoufI ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcGifhtjyifatmufygtwdkif;uef@owfcH&rnf?

3=1) tjynfjynfqdkif&ma-unmpmwrf; tjynfjynfqdkif&ma-unmpmwrf;onfedKifiHwum.qENrsm;tm;az:jycsufjzpfonf? tjynfjynfqdkif&ma-u nmpmwrf;wGifukvor*~.yËd^mOf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyfa-unmpmwrf;ESifhtvkyfcGifwGif; tajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;? a-unmpmwrf;rSwdusrSefuefpGmaz:jyjyD;aomfvnf;/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'rjzpf ao;yg? tu,fI edKifiHrsm;yl;aygif;I a-unmpmwrf;tm;csdK;azgufonfha-unmcsufay:rlwnfIwif;-uyfr+r &Sdao;oa&G @Oya'rjzpfao;yg? a-unmpmwrf;onf edKifiHrsm;.vkdufemoifhaomtcsuf rsm;udkpkpnf;wif jyjcif;omjzpfonf//a-unmpmwrf;wGifyg0ifaom edKifiHrsm;onf “udk,fusifhw&m;ESifhqdkifaomtodpdwf"gwf” (Moral Obligations)&SdjyD;/ a-unmpmwrf;tm;vdkufem&rnf? csdK;azgufyguedKifiHwum.uJh& Jhjcif;/ &+wfcs jcif; udkcH&rnfjzpfonf?

3=2 ¶dk;&m"vhESifhygwfoufItjynfjynfqdkif&m. aqmif&Gufcsuf edKifiHOya'tcsdK@onf&dk;&m"vhESifhygwfoufItjynfjynfqdkif&m. aqmif&Gufcsuf.vGefcJhaomtcsdefrsm;pGmu wnf;uvufudkifxm;&SdcJhonfrSm tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'tjzpfedKifiHwdkif;rSvufcHusifhoHk;cJh-uonf? ae&if; edKifiHrStjypfay;rnfh'%fudkcH&rnfudk pdk;&drfaoma-umifhxGufajy;vmaom'kuQonftm;xdkedKifiHY jyXmef;csuf qufvuf&Sdaeao;ygu jyefydk@jcif;tm;wm;jrpfxm;onf?

3=3 edKifiHjcif;qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyf edKifiHjcif;oabmwlpmcsKyfonf tjynfjynfqdkif&mrSoabmwlIpmcsKyfqdkxm;csufjzpfonf? ESpfedKifiH/edKifiHrsm; ESifhedKifiHjcif;qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyfvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;udkqkdvdkonf? edKifiHjcif;oabmwlpm csKyftm;t jynf jynfqdkif&mpnf;rsOf;rsm;/ a-unmpmwrf;/ cGifhjyKcsufygonfh a-unmpmwrf;trnf trsdK;rsdK;jzifhac:a0:-u onf? edKifiHjcif;qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyfESifh&dk;&m"avhtpOftvmOya'rsm;onf tjynfjynfqdkif&myg0ifvuf rSwfa&;xdk;xm;aomedKifiHrsm;ay:wGifomoufa&mufr+&Sdonf?

3=4tjynfjynfqdkif&medKifiHcsif;oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm; vl@tcGifhta&;a-unmpmwrf;&SdjyD;aemuf urBmhukvo r*~tzGJ@onftzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;tm;tjynfjynfqdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyf(odk@) edKifiHjcif;qdkif&m vl@tcGifhta&;o abmwlpmcsKyfrsm;ay:aygufvm&efulnDaxmufyHhay;cJhonf? oabmwlpmcsKyfrsm;. &nf&G,fcsufESifhtjynf jynfqdkif&mOya' xdef;csKyfr+rsm;yg&Sdonf teJqHk; 9apmif &SdjyD; xdkif;edKifiHrS yxr 6apmif wGifxdkif;edKifiHonf oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onf?

1=tjynfjynfqdkif&medKifiHom;tcGifhta&;ESifh edKifiHa&;tcGifhta&;oabmwlpmcsKyf 1966 (ICCPR) 2=tjynfjynfqdkif&mpD;yGg;a&;tcGifhta&;/ vlr+a&; ESifh ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyf 1966 (ICESCR)

3= vlrsdK;cGJjcm;zdESdyfr+enf;rsdK;pHktm; zsufodrf;a&;oabmwlpmcsKyf 1965 (CERD) 4=trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;enf;rsdK;pHkjzifhcGJjcm;qufqHr+zsufodrf;a&;a-unmpmwrf; 1979(CEDAW) vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

27

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5=nSif;yrf;ESdyfpufr+/ vlrqefaom&ufpufr+/ vl@*k%foduQmtm;nSdK;EGrf;usqif;apr+zsufodrf;a&;o abmwlpmcsKyf 1984 (CAT) 6=uav;oli,frsm;tcGifhta&;oabmwlpmcsKyf 1989 (CRC) 7=vlwdkif;tm;twif;t-uyfaysmufqHk;apjcif;rSumuG,fay;onfh oabmwlpmcsKyf (2006) xdkif;edKifiHrS vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;jcif;r&Sdao;yg?

8=a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifhrdom;pkrsm;tm;umuG,fay;a&;oabmwlpmcsKyf? 9=roefrpGrf;olrsm;tcGifhta&;?

4=edKifiHwGif;Oya'ESifhvl@tcGifhta&; edKifiHjcif;oabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfonf tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'ESifhygwfoufIvufrSwfxdk;xm;aomtzGJ@0if edKifiHrsm;vdkufem&rnfjzpfonf? wedKifiHoDtdk&Dvufudkifxm;aomedKifiHrsm;onf tzGJ@0iftjzpfyg0ifvufrSwf a&;xdk;jyD;onfESifh edKifiHwGif;Yatmfwdkrwpf vdkufemusifhoHk;jyD; ESpfedKifiHoabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom edKifiHrsm;rSmedKifiHwGif;Oya'rsm;uJhodk@xdef;csKyfr+rsm;twdkif;jzpfjyD;/ oabmwlpmcsKyf tm;t&ifqHk;vdkufemr+&Sd& rnf? xdkif;edKifiHonf ESpfedKifiHoabmwlvrf;pOfudkusifhoHk;onf?

2550 xdkif;edKifiH zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' yk'fr=190 tydk'f 2 rnfonfhoabmwlpmcsKyfrsm; xdkif;edKifiHe,ferdwfwGif;ESifhjyifytm; ajymif;vJjcif;&Sdyg uxdkif;edKifiHonftcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifedKifiHjzpfjcif;/ oabmwlpmcsKyfwGifaz:jyxm;aom e,fajrowf rSwfcsuf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'/ oabmwlpmcsKyftwdkif;twnfjyKonfhtufOya'xkwfjyefjcif;ponfh tcGifhta&;rsm;&Sdonf? pD;yGg;a&;/ vHkjcHKa&;/ us,fjyef@aomvlr+a&;/ ukefoG,fa&;qufEG,fr+rsm;/ &if;ESD;jrKyf ESHr+/edKifiHawmf.bwf*sufrsm;tm;xdcdkufvmyguvGwfawmfrSpHkprf;ppfaq;r+udkod&SdjyD;&ufaygif;(60) t wGif;jyD;qHk;&efaqmif&GufoGm;rnf? owdxm;oifhonfhtcsufrSm 2006 ckESpfxdkif;edKifiH ,m,DzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' .owfrSwfcsufwGif jynfol rsm;.vGwfvyfr+tm;tjynfjynfqdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyftzGJ@0ifedKifiHjzpfaoma-umifh tumtuG,fay;r+udk& &Sdonf? ESajrmp&maumif;aomtcsufrSm 2007 ckESpf xdkif;edKifiHzGJ@pnf; yHktajccHOya'a&;qGJ&mwGif Oya'ynm&SiftcsdK@rSxdktcsuftm;jzKwfcs&efzdtm;ay;cJhonf? xdktcsuftm;tpdk;&.tajccHrl0g'vrf;pOf wGif xnfhoGif;xm;cJhonf? Oya'owfrSwfcsufrsm;tm; tpdk;&.aqmif&Gufr+ rl0g'tjzpf&nf&G,fIaz:jyxm;jcif; omjzpfonf? xdkif;edKifiHzGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya' 2007 yk'fr=82 tpdk;&onf tcsKyftjcmtm%mydkifr+/ edKifiHwumESifhyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr+ ESifh wzufESifhw zuf wnfrSDaer+rsm;udkwlnDpGm yHhydk;ay;&rnf? edKifiHjcif;qdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;u¾rsm;aqmif&Gufr+wav#mufvHk;wGif xdkif;edKifiHonfedKifiHwumESifht jynfjynfqdkif&mtzGJ@0iftjzpfoabmwlpmcsKyfwGifyg&Sdonfhtwdkif;aqmif&GufoGm;rnfjzpfonf?

5=xdkif;edKifiHonf tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'rsm;tm; vdkufemr+&Sdr&Sdtm;ppfaq;jcif; xdkif;edKifiHtm; tjynfjynfqdkif&mOya'tm;tzGJ@0ifjzifhaqmif&Guf&mwGifvl@tcGifhta&;u¾rSatmufygenf; vrf; 2 ckjzifhaqmif&Gufrnf?

(1)tjynfjynfqdkif&m¶+axmifht&ppfaq;jcif;ppfaq;r+jyK&mwGifxdkif;edKifiHonftjynfjynfqdkif&mtodpdwf&Sdr+ wGifrl0g'tm;vnf;aumif;/Oya'tm;vnf;aumif;/ vkyfaqmifr+tm;vnf;aumif;/ ysufuGufr+/ csdK;azgufr+&Sdr &Sdudktjynfjynfqdkif&menf;Oya'rsm;jzifhppfaq;onf? ukvor*~. vl@tcGifhta&;enf;Oya'rsm;t&aomf vnf;aumif;/ a'oqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;enf;Oya'rsm;&Sdygu xdkenf;vrf;t&aomfvnf;aumif;/ pmcsKyfwGif vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

28

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29

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30

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31

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32

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33

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

&Sdonf? t"dy`g,ftm;jzifhjynfolrsm;onf Oya't&owfrSwfxm;aomrdrd.tcGifhta&;rsm;udkod&Sdem;vnfI Oya'a&;&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;xHrSppfaq;cGifh&Sdonf? vl@tcGifhta&;vrf;pOfwdk;wuf&eftwGufpnf;rsOf;usepGmESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mvl@tcGifhta&;abmif twdkif;wdk;wufap&rnfjzpfonf? tm;vHk;.wdk;wufr+onfrl0g'ESifhwdk;wufr+enf;vrf;yHkpHtwdkif;vkyfaqmif& rnf? tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+onf edKifiHwGif;&Sdjynfolvlxkrsm;vlaer+b0ESihf vlwdkif;twGuf&SdjyD; om;jzpfaom tajctaetm;vHk;ay:rlwnft"dy`g,f&Sdaom vGwfvyfpGm,SOfjydKifjcif;jzifhwdk;wufr+.tusdK;&vm'ftm;w&m; r#wpGmcGJa0cHpm;&rnf? tvkyform;rsm;ae&ma'oajymif;a&$@jcif;ESifhvl@tcGifhta&;vrf;pOfygwfoufr+qdkonfrSmae&ma' o ajymif;a&$@oltm;,cifutwdkif;vl@*k%foduQmtm;av;pm;jcif;ESifholwdk@.edKifiHESifha&muf&Sdtvkyfvkyfae aom edKifiHtwGufaumif;jrwfaomvkyfaqmifr+tm;todtrSwfjyK&rnfjzpfonf?

3=tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf. tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;rsm;twGufowfrSwfcsufrsm; 1= oabmwlpmcsKyfwGifyg0ifaomt"dutcsufrsm; tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf a-unmpmwrf;wGif t"dutcsufrsm;/ vkyfief;cGifwGif;t ajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh 1998 ckESpf ZGefvwGiftvkyform;rsm;.tajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;tm;jyXmef;csuf 4 csufaz:jyxm;onf? vkyfief;cGifwGif;w&m;r#waomvl@todkif;t0dkif;ay:aygufap&efjzpfonf? Ta-unm pmwrf;onf tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;tm;vHk;vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnfjzpfjyD;xdkif;edKifiHvnf;tygt0ifjzpfonf? TedKif iHrsm;onf oabmwlnDcsufudkvufrSwfa&;xdk;onfjzpfap/ ra&;xdk;onfjzpfapvdkufem&rnfjzpfonf? =vGwfvyfpGmtoif;tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifhpkaygi;f ItcGifhta&;awmif;qdkr+wGiftrSefwu,ftusdK;&&Sdap &eftmrcHjcif;? =tvkyform;tm; twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apjcif;/ enf;rsdK;pHkESifht"rRtvkyfcdkif;apr+ ponfwdk@tm; wdkufzsuf jcif;? =tvkyf&&Sda&; ESifhtoufarG;0rf;a-umif; twGufcGJjcm;qufqHr+tm;wdkufzsufjcif;? =uav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+tm;zsufodrf;&mwGiftusdK;&&Sdapjcif;// 1=1) vGwfvyfpGmtoif;tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;cGifhESifh pkaygif;ItcGifhta&;awmif;qdkr+wGif trSefwu,ftusdK;&&Sd ap&eftmrcHjcif;? tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&Siftm;vHk;onf vGwfvyfpGmtoif;tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;cGifh&Sdonf? rdrd.toufarG; 0rf;a-umif;r+tm; vGwfvyfpGmtusdK;jyKumuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efjzpfjyD;/ tajccHtcGifhta&;rsm;onfvGwf vyf pGmxkwfaz:ajymqdkcGifh&SdjyD;jzpfonf? vlwdkif;onf rdrdtusdK;jzpfxGef;aprnfh vkyfief;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh&Sd onf// tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&Sifonftoif;tzGJ@xlaxmifcGifhESifhyl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh&Sdonf? tpdk;&odk@r[kwfrnf olrSpGufzufIr&yg? a&muf&Sdaeaom edKifiH.Oya'twdkif; usifhoHk;&rnfjzpfonf? xdkenf;wlpGm tjyeftvSef tm;jzifh tzGJ@twGif;vGwfvyfr+onf edkifiH.Oya'udkufnD&efvdktyfayonf? rdrd.vkyfief;rsm;tm;vGwfvyfpGmaqmif&GufedKifaomtcGifhta&;qdkonfrSm tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf &Sifwdk@.tzGJ@tpnf;onfrdrdwdk@.vkyfief;pDrHcsufrsm;udkvGwfvyfpGmowfrSwfedKifjyD;rdrd.toufarG;0rf;a-umif; vkyfief;.tusdK;tm;wdk;jrSifhjcif;/ umuG,fjcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifedKifonf? vdktyfcsufrsm;tm;qEN&Sdonfhtwdkif;pkaygif;awmif;qdkjcif;tm;tvkyf&Sifjzpfap/ rdrd.tzGJ@tpnf;jzpf ap/ tvkyform;or*~onfjzpfapajymqdk nSdE+dif;r+rsm;udkvkyfief;cGiftajctaeESifhygwfoufIaomffvnf; aumif;/ rdrdqENoabmtwdkif;jyKvkyfedKifonf? oabmwlnDcsuf&&SdedKif&efpkaygif;vufcHedKifonfh tajctae tjzpf a&muf&SdedKifonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

34

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

u) oabmwlpmcsKyfwGifaz:jyxm;aom vGwfvyfpGmtoif;tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;cGifh ESifhtcGifhta&;tm; umuG,fjcif; (trSwfpOf 87) 1948 OD;wnfcsuftvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&SiftcGifhta&;onf rdrd.tusdK;jrifhwifa&;/ vGwfvyfpGmumuG,f apmifha&SmufedKif&efESifhcGJjcm;r+r&Sd&eftwGuf yl;aygif;Itoif;tzGJ@ zGJ@pnf;cGifh&&Sda&;?

• tvkyform;ESifhtvkyf&Sifonfrdrd.tusdK;pD;yGg;wdk;wufa&;ESifhumuG,fa&;twGuftzGJ@ tpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh&Sdonf?

• tpdk;&tzGJ@ tpnf;taeESifhtcGifhta&;tm;pGufzufjcif;/ uef@owfjcif;/ Oya'ESifhudkuf nDaomtcGifh ta&;rsm;tm;wm;qD;jcif;jyKvkyfIr&yg?

• ToabmwlpmcsKyfwGifjyXmef;xm;onfh tcGifhta&;twdkif;vdkufemaqmif&Guf&mwGif tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform;wdk@. tzGJ@tpnf;rsm;onfvnf; edKifiHwGif;Oya'twdkif;vdkuf emusifhoHk;&rnfjzpfjyD; oabmwlpmcsKyfwGif vlwdkif;tm;umuG,fay;xm;jcif;udkcsdK; azgufIr&yg? c) wnfaxmifcGifhESifhpkaygif;awmif;qdkedKifcGifh (trSwfpOf 98) 1949 OD;wnfcsuf rdrd.tzGJ@tpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhtcGifhta&;twdkif;vkyfaqmifaomtvkyform;.t cGifhta&;tm;umuG,f&mwGif tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform;onf wzufESifhwzufpGufzufr+ r&Sdap&bJjrSifhwifr+ awmif;qdk r+tm;qEN&Sdonftwdkif;jyKvkyfedKifonf?

• tvkyform;onf yl;aygif;Itvkyform;or*~ jzpfjcif;tm;aESmifh,Sufr+r&Sdap&ef twGufoifhawmfaomumuG,fapmifha&Smufr+udkcHpm;&rnf? tvkyform;or*~tzGJ@0if jzpfjcif;/or*~vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifjcif;a-umifhtvkyfcef@xm;&efjiif;qdkjcif;/ tvkyfrSxkwf y,fjcif;/ cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;rsm;rSumuG,fay;onf?

• vdktyfaomtcgudkufnDr+&Sdaomtwdkif;twmwck&dSoifhjyD;/awmif;qdkr+jyKvkyf&mwGifESifh vkyfief; tusdK;wdk;wufr+twGufqEN&Sdv#if vkyfaqmifedKif&efjzpfonf? tajctaetm; xdef;csKyf&efESifhtvkyfiSm;&rf;r+pnf;urf;wif;-uyfr+rsm;onf rSefuefap&efjzpfonf?

1=2) tvkyform; tm; twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apjcif;/ enf;rsdK;pHkESifht"rRtvkyfcdkif;apr+tm; wdkufzsuf jcif;? tvkyform;tm; twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apjcif;onf tpdk;&ESifhwOD;wa,mufrS trdef@ay;It vkyfcdkif;apjcif;/ 0efaqmifr+ay;apjcif;jzifh xdktpdk;&ESifhwOD;wa,mufonf jzpfapvdkonfhqENt&aomfvnf; aumif;/ tm%mESifh tvkyform;tm; jcdrf;ajcmufjcif;jzifhjyif;xefaom tjypfay;jcif;rsm;udkjyKvkyf&mrSjzpfay: vm&onf? Oyrm= tvkyfrvkyfojzifh tpma&pm/ ae&mxdkifcif;/ vkyftm;cray;jcif;/ cE<mESifhvdiftm; t -urf;zufjcif;/ oGm;vmcGifhtm;ydwfyifjcif;ESifhcsKyfaESmifxm;jcif;wdk@jzpfonf?

Oyrmtm;jzifh tdrfwGif;tvkyform;rsm;onftwif;t-uyf tvkyfcdkif;aponfh yHkpHwGifyg0ifjyD;tvkyf &SifrStvkyform;.rSwfyHkwiftm;odrf;qnf;xm;jcif;/ tjyifrxGuf&ef[ef@wm;jcif;/ odk@r[kwfjcdrf;ajcmufjcif;/ &dkufESufjcif;/ tcsdK@trdef@xkwfxm;onfhtwdkif; vkyftm;cray;jcif;/ qif;&Jom;v,form;ESifhynmenf;yg;ol rsm;xHrSta-uG;&vdkr+a-umifh vkyftm;jzifhqyfapjcif;/ u,f&DESifh ajr&Siftm; tcsdeftwdkif;twmwck twGif; vkyftm;jzifhqyfapjcif;ponfwdk@jzpfonf? tvkyform;ukeful;r+a-umifhtwif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apjcif;ydkrdkrsm;jym;vm&onf? twif;t-uyft vkyfcdkif;apr+enf;vrf;rsm;wGiftjcm;ae&modk@tvkyfajymif;a&$@vkyfudkifol tvkyform;rsm;. rSwfyHkwiftm; odrf;xm;jcif;/ tjcm;enf;vrf;wckrSm}udKwifaiGxkwfay;jcif;/ aiGacs;iSm;pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkjcif;rsm;wdk@jzpfonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

35

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

u) twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apjcif;oabmwlpmcsKyf 1930 (trSwfpOf 29) OD;wnfcsuf twif;t-uyftvkyform;cdkif;apr+yaysmufa&;?

• twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apr+ESifhenf;rsdK;pHkjzifht"rRtvkyfcdkif;apjcif;tm;tcsdefwdkwdktwGif;wdkuf zsuf &rnfjzpfonf? ToabmwlpmcsKyfwGifyg0ifxnfhoGif;az:jyxm;jcif;r&Sdaomvkyfief;ESifh0efaqmifr+ (5)rsdK;rSm (1)ppfr+xrf;jcif; (2)edKifiHom;.wm0efrsm;rSwpdwfwa'ojzpfaom omrefvkyfief;aqmif &Gufjcif;ESifh0efaqmifr+ay;jcif; (3)w&m;&Hk;rStjypfay;jcif;cHxm;&ol. vkyfief;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh0ef aqmifr+ay;jcif;/(tpdk;&rSwm0ef,l-unfh&+v#uf&SdonfhaxmifwGif;rStvkyform;rsm;)(4) ta&;ay:t ajctaeESifhobm0ab;'%f}uHKa&muf&SdvmawmhrnfhtcsdefwGifvkyfief;(odk@)0efaqmifr+ay;jcif;(jynf rsm;tm;vHk;ESifh tcsdK@ touftEW&m,fjzpfedKifaomtajctae)ESifh (5) &yfuGuf.t zGJ@0iftjzpf &yfuGuf.taxGaxGvkyfief;rsm;vkyfaqmifjcif; ponfhvkyfief;rsm;jzpfonf? c) t"rRvkyftm;ay;cdkif;apr+zsufodrf;a&;oabmwlpmcsKyf (trSwfpOf 105) 1957 OD;wnfcsuf tvkyform;rsm;tm;twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apr+ESifhenf;rsdK;pHkjzifht"rRvkyftm;ay;cdkif;apr+y aysmufa&;twGuftcsdK@aom&nf&G,fcsufrsm;tm;wmjrpfjcif;// • tvkyform;rsm;tm;twif;t-uyftvkyfcdkif;apr+ESifhenf;rsdK;pHkjzifht"rRvkyftm;ay;cdkif;apr+yaysmuf a&;twGuf (1)tpGef;a&muftwif;t-uyfcdkif;apr+ (odk@)edKifiHa&;bmomtm;oif-um;apjcif;/ (2)edKifiHa&;0g'twdkif; o&kyfaqmifjcif;/ rdrdESifh,Hk-unfcsufjcif;rwlnDaom edKifiHa&;pepf/ vlr+a&;/ pD;yGg;a&;orm;rsm;tm;tpGef;a&muftjypfay;jcif;/ (3)pD;yGg;a&;wdk;wuf&eftwGuftvkyform;rsm; tm;tusdK;jzpfxGef;&efpDpOfolESifhcdkif;apoltjzpfwm0ef,ljcif;// (4)tvkyform;rsm;vdkufem&efpnf; urf;xkwfoltjzpfaqmif&Gufjcif;/(5)tvkyform;rsm;csdef;qdkItvkyfem;aoma-umifh tjypfay;olt jzpfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh(6)vlrsdK;/ vlr+a&;/ edKifiHom;/ bmoma&;ponfwdk@tm;cGJjcm;Iaqmif&Gufoljzpf jcif;ponfwdk@udkwdkufzsuf&rnf?

1=3) toufarG;0rf;a-umif;ESifhtvkyf&&Sda&;twGufcJGjcm;qufqHr+tm;wdkufzsufjcif; vdifuGJjym;r+/ vlrsdK;/ tom;ta&mif/ edKifiHom;/ vlr+tqifhtwef;/ omoem/ tjcm;olrsm;ESifhedKifiHa&; tjrifuGJjym;olponfoufqdkifr+r&SdbJtusdK;xdcdkufr+jzpfaponf? cGJjcm;qufqHr+tm;wdkufzsufr+onfjy\em tcuftcJrsm;tm; &Sif;vif;jyD;vlwdkif;tm; oifwef;wufa&mufapjcif;/ todynmoif-um;ap jcif;/ ponf rsm;tjyifobm0o,HZmwrsm;tm; ydkifqdkifcGifhESifhtoHk;jyKcGifh&&Sdaponf? Oyrm=ajruGuftm; ta-uG;pepf jzifh0,f,l&&SdedKifonf? tvkyf&&Sda&;ESifhtoufarG;0rf;aumif;vkyfief;twGufcGJjcm;qufqHjcif;tm; wdkuf&dkufIaomfvnf; aumif;/ oG,f0dkufIaomfvnf;aumif;awG@jrifedKifonf? wdkuf&dkufcGJjcm;jcif;onf Oya'/ pnf;urf;/ aqmif &Gufr+vrf;pOf tajctaersm;ay:rlwnfIxif&Sm;pGmjrifawG@&onf? vdif/ vlrsdK;ponfwdk@ay:wGifrlwnfI oG,f0dkufcGJjcm;qufqHr+jzpfay:vmonf? tjyifyef;taeESifh-unfhygupnf;urf;ESifhvkyfaqmifr+vrf;pOfwdk@onf tv,fvltjzpf&yfwnfaeouJhodk@awG@&aomfvnf;/ trSefwu,faqmif&Gufr+ydkif;wGifwuGJwjym;jzpfap&ef OD;wnfv#uf&Sdaeonf? vkyfief;ydkif;qdkif&mwef;wljzpfr+wGif vlwdkif;tcGifhta&;wef;wl&Sda&;twGuftodynm/ u|rf;usifr+ESifh pGrf;&nftjynfht0&Sdap&efyHhydk;ay;jcif;tm;jzifh rdrdvkyfaqmifaeaompD;ygG;a&;ESifhudkufnDr+&Sd&efjzpfonf? u)vkyftm;cwlnDpGm&&Sda&;oabmwlpmcsKyf (trSwfpOf 100) 1951 OD;wnfcsuf wlnDaomvkyfief;twGufusm;a&mrygvkyftm;cwef;wl&&Sda&;?

• TpmcsKyfonf tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;cESifhvpm&&Sd&efESiht f jcm;jznfhpGufp&dwfrsm;&&Sd&efwif;-uyfr+rsm; jyXmef;xm;onf// wdkuf&dkufjzpfapoG,f0dkufIjzpfap vkyftm;ctm;aiGodk@r[kwf tjcm;t&mrsm; ESifhay;jyD;tvkyf&SifrS tvkyform;tm;vkyftm;cay;jcif;onf tvkyfiSm;&rf;jcif;a-umifhjzpfonf? o abmwlpmcsKyfwGifwlnDaom vkyfief;rsm;wGifwlnDaom vkyftm;cay;&efESifh vdifcGJjcm;r+r&SdapbJay; tyf&rnf[kjyXmef;xm;onf? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

36

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

c)tvkyf&&Sda&;ESifhtoufarG;0rf;a-umif;vkyfief;twGufcGJjcm;qufqHr+oabmwlpmcsKyf (trSwfpOf=111) 1958 OD;wnfcsufwlnDaomtcGifhta&;yHhydk;&efESifhtvkyf&&Sda&;ESifhtoufarG;0rf;a-umif;vkyfief; &+ axmifh t&ygwfoufr+tm;od&Sd&ef?

• ToabmwlpmcsKyfonf wlnDaomtcGifhta&;.tajccHyHhydk;ulnDr+rsm;ESifhvkyfaqmifr+rsm;tm; owfrSwfay;jcif;udk a-unmcsufjzifhvnf;aumif;/ edKifiHwGif;csrSwfxm;aomrl0g't&aomfvnf; aumif; tvkyf&&Sda&;ESifh toufarG;0rf;a-umif;vkyif ef;rsdK;pHk twGuf cGJjcm;qufqHr+rsm;tm;wdkuf zsufay;&efjzpfonf?

• cGJjcm;qufqHr+qdkonfrSm ysufjym;ap&efaESmifh,Sufjcif;/ vlrsdK;/ tom;ta&mif/ vdif/ bmoma&;/ edKifiHa&;0g'tjrif/ edKifiHom;/ vlr+tqifhtwef;ESifhygwfoufonf t*wdrsm;tm;xm;&Sdjcif;udkqdk vdkonf? oabmwlpmcsKyfwGifyg0ifaom jynfhpHkonfhtESpfom&rsm;onf toufarG;0rf;a-umif;y nmoif-um;&eftxdtusHK;0ifjyD; tvkyf&&Sda&;ESifhb0&yfwnfr+rsm;tjyiftvkyfiSm;&rf;r+tajct aersm;yg0ifaz:jyxm;onf?

1=4)uav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+yaysmufa&; uav;onftouft&G,ftvdkufoifhawmfaomumuG,fapmifha&Smufr+udkcH&edKifonfh txl;tcGifh ta&;&Sdonf?xdkumuG,fapmifha&Smufr+wGifpD;yGg;a&;qdki&f macgif;yHkjzwfcH&jcif;rSuif;vGwf&ef/ uav;.usef;rm a&;ESifhtusifhpm&dwWydkif;qdkif&mtm;tEW&m,frjyKaomvkyfief;cGifjzpfap&ef/ uav;wdk;wufr+twGuft[ef@t wm; rjzpfaomvkyfief;cGifhjzpf&efumuG,fapmifha&Smufonf? uav; tvkyform; cdkif;apr+yaysmufa&; twGuf owfrSwfcsufrsm; qdkonfrSm rdef;uav; ESifh a,muFsm;av;wdkif;onf cE<mudk,fESifhpdwf"gwftm;vdktyfonf? yHhydk;r+tcGifhta&;rsm;udk tjynfht0&&SdedKif onf? uav;rsm;.ynma&;ESifhwdk;wufr+tm;xdcdkufaprnfhvkyfief;rsm;tm;cdkif;apjcif;rS&yfwef@&eftumt uG,fay;onf? uav;rsm;tm;owfrSwfxm;onfhroifrae& ynma&;tqifhtm;atmifjrifjyD; touf 15 ESpf(wdk;wufqJedKifiHrsm;wGif14ESpf)xufri,fap&efjzpfonf? rnfodk@qdkapumrl TowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf u av;rsm;tm;tvkyftrsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;owfrSwfxm;jcif;r&Sdyg? xdktvkyfrsm;onf trnftm;jzifh tqdk;&Gm;qHk;aom vkyfief;cdkif;apr+yHkpHjzpfjyD; touf18ESpfatmuf uav;rsm;twGuf roifhawmfaom vkyfief;rsm;jzpfjyD;/ tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ypfedKif&efaqmif&Guf&rnf// vl@rqef aomtjyKtrlyHkpHjzifh u|eftjzpftwif;t-uyfowfrSwfjcif;/ vlukeful;jcif;/ ta-uG;odrf;xm;onfh tvkyfo rm;rsm;ESifhtwif;t-uyfcdkif;apjcif;/ jynfhwefqmtjzpfoGwfoGif;jcif;ESifhnpfnrf;aompmayrsm;twGuftoHk; cs jcif;/ uav;ppfom;tjzpftoHk;jyKjcif;/ Oya'ESifhrvGwfuif;aomvkyfief;rsm;cdkif;apjcif;/ Oyrm=rl;,pfaq; 0g;o,faqmifapjcif;/ tEW&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm; tm;avhusifhay;jcif;/ tcsdef-umjrifhpGm tvkyfvkyfapjcif; wdk@jzpfonf? u) tvkyfiSm;&rf;edKifaomtedrfhqHk;touftydkif;tjcm;ESifhygwfoufonfhoabmwlpmcsKyf (trSwfpOf= 138) 1973 OD;wnfcsuf uav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+zsufodrf;a&;/tvkyfiSm;&rf;r+wGiftedrfhqHk;touft&G,fowfrSwfjcif; ESifhygwfoufI wif;-uyfxm;aomynmoif-um;jyD;touf 15 ESpftxuf(wdk;wufqJedKifiH rsm;wGif 14 ESpf) • apmifh-uyf-unfh&+&efrl0g'ESifhtwdkif;twmrsm;owfrw S fIuav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+zsufodrf;&ef ESifh tedrfhqHk;touft&G,fowfrSwfIt&nftcsif;ESifhcE<mudk,fESifhpdwfydkif;qdkif&mwdk;wufr+ay:rl wnfI udkufnDaomtvkyfiSm;&rf;r+tqifhtm;wdk; wufap&rnfjzpfonf?

• tedrfhqHk;touftydkif;tjcm;taeESifh18ESpfowfrSwfItcsdK@tajctaersm;wGif16ESpfowfrSwfonf? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

37

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

c)uav;tvkyform;rsm;tm;&Gm;aomyHkpHjzifhtvkyfcdkif;apr+qdkif&moabmwlpmcsKyf (trSwfpOf=138) 1999 OD;wnfcsuf tqdk;&Gm;qHk;aomyHkpHjzifh uav;tvkyform; cdkif;apr+tm; csufjcif;zsufodrf;jyD;onfESifh jynfhpHk aomvkyfaqmifcsuftjzpf ukefusp&dwfr&Sdaom ajccHynma&;tm;ta&;w,lpDpOfay;&ef? uav;tm;udk,f usifhw&m;ysufjym;apjyD;tEW&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;cGifrSulnDac:xkwfvm&ef?

• ToabmwlnDcsufpmcsKyfwGifaz:jyxm;onfhtwdkif;tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;tm;vHk;twdkif;twmjzifh csuf jcif;vdkufemusifhoHk;&rnf? qdk;&Gm;aomyHkpHESifhuav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+tm;&yfwef@&efESifhwdkufzsuf r+tm;vsifjrefpGmta&;ay:aqmif&Guf&rnf?

• qdk;&Gm;aomuav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+rsm;rSm (1)enf;rsdK;pHkjzifhu|eftjzpfoufqif;apjcif;(odk@)u|ef uJhodk@jyKrlcdkif;apjcif;?(2)jynfhwefqmtjzpfoGwfoGif;jcif;/ (odk@)npfnrf;aompmayxkwfvkyf&ef/ (odk@) npfnrf;aomtjyKtrlrsm;o&kyfaqmif&eftwGufuav;tm;cdkif;apjcif;/ &SmazGjcif;/ qGJaqmifjcif;?

(3)Oya'ESifhrvGwfuif;aomtjyKtrlrsm;jyKvkyf&efuav;tm;cdkif;apjcif;/&SmazGjcif;/qGJaqmifjcif;?(4) av;.vkyfief;cGifygwf0ef;usifonfusef;rma&;twGuftEW&m,fjzpfapjcif;/ vHkjcHKa&;ESifhtusifhpm&dwW ysufjym;apjcif; ponfwdk@jzpfonf?

• tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;onfvkyfaqmifr+tusdK;&&Sd&eftwGufatmufygudpPrsm;vkyfaqmifedKif&eftcsdef owf rSwfcsuf&Sd&rnf?(1)uav;tm;qdk;&Gm;qHk;aomyHkpHESifhtvkyfcdkif;apr+&Sdaomae&mrsm;ESifhygwfoufr+r&Sd ap&efumuG,fjcif;?(2)vdktyfaomtcgwdkuf&dkufulnDr+ay;edKif&efpDpOf&efESifhoifhawmf aomtcsdefwGif tqdk;&Gm;qHk;aom uav;tvkyform;cdkif;apr+vkyfief;cGifrS uav;tm;ac:xkwfvmjcif;? (3)tqdk; &Gm;qHk;aom uav;tvkyform; cdkif;apr+vkyfief;cGifrSac:xkwfvmjyD;/ ukefusp&dwfr&Sdaom tajccHy nma&;oif-um;edKifa&;twGuftmrcHcsufay;jcif;? (4)uav;wGuftxl;tEW&m,f&Sdaomae&mrS u av;tm;u,fxkwf&mwGifuav;tm;twlyg&Sdvmjcif;ESifh(5)rdef;uav; rsm;twGuftxl;ae&mpDpOf ay;&efowdjyK&rnf?

2=ae&ma'oajymif;a&$@oltvkyform;rsm;ESifhygwfoufaomoabmwlpmcsKyf 2=1) ae&ma&$ @ajymif;olrsm;tvkyf&&Sda&;oabmwlpmcsKyf (trSwfpOf=97) 1949 OD;wnfcsuf ae&ma'oajymif;a&$ @oltvkyform;rsm;umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifhcGJjcm;r+r&Sdapa&; owif;tcsuftvuftultnDay;a&;?

• yxrtcsuftaeESifh ToabmwlpmcsKyfonf tvkyf&&Sda&;twGufae&ma'oajymif;a&$@jcif;ESifh ygwfoufonfhjyXmef;csufrsm;yg0ifonf?(a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tygt0if)tjynfjynfqdkif&mt qifhowif;tcsuftvufrsm;zvS,fa&;twGufukeu f sp&dwfr&SdaomowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhae&ma'o ajymif;a&$@oltvkyform;rsm;tm;0efaqmifr+ay;v#uf&Sdonf?

• tpdk;&onf ygwfoufaeaom edKifiHrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;Iajymif;a&$ @0ifa&mufvmjcif;ESifh ajymif;a&$ @xGuf cGGgjcif;wGifrSm;,Gif;aom,Hk-unfr+rsm;jzpfap&ef a-umfjimrsm;r&Sd&ef umuG,f[ef@wm;r+rsm;jyKvkyfay; oifhonf?

• a'oajymif;a&$@oltvkyform;rsm;tm;twdkif;twmwckt&oifhawmfaomedKifiHwGif;odk@0ifxGufedKif &efpDpOfay;&rnf?

• ae&ma'oajymif;a&$@oltvkyform;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;tm;aq;ukor+twGufpDpOfay;&rnf?

• 'kwd,tcsufaeESifh nDr#aomvkyfaqmifr+ay;&eftzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;ae&ma'oajymif;a&$@ r+Oya' tm; olwdk@.edKifiHwGif;edKifiHom;rsm;tay:nDr#pGmusifhoHk;jyD;vlrsdK;/ edKifiHom;/ vdiftay:cGJjcm;r+r&SdbJ(wl nDaomvkyfief;cGif/ vkyfief;oif-um;jcif;/ tvkyform;or*~tzGJ@0ifjzpfjcif;/ pkaygif;Iawmif;qdk jcif;/ tajctaetcsdK@ay:rlwnfI vlr+zlvHka&;tmrcHay;jcif;/ tvkyfvkyf&mrS&&Sdaom vkyftm;crStcGef

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

38

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

aqmifjcif;/ tvkyform;tr+ay:aygufygu Oya'ESifhtnDaqmif&Gufay;jcif;) ponfhaqmif&Gufr+rsm; ay;&rnf?

• tpdk;&taeESifhaiG0ifvmjcif;ESifhydk@aqmifjcif;wdk@wGiftpdk;&. Oya'pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhudkufnDaomowf rSwfcsufatmufwGif cGifhjyKcsufay;&rnfjzpfonf?

2=2ae&ma'oajymif;a&$@aomtvkyform;rsm;ESifhygwfoufonfhoabmwlpmcsKyf (jznfhpGufjyXmef;csuf trSwfpOf=143 ) 1975 OD;wnfcsuf wlnDaomtcGifhta&;/vkyfaqmifcsufESifhtcGifhta&;csdK;azgufonfhtajctaetm;zsufodrf;a&;// • tydkif; 1= ae&ma'oa&$ @ajymif;oltvkyform;rsm;tm;acgif;yHkjzwfjcif;yHkpH ESifhvl@tcGifhta&; tm; av; pm;&eftajctaersm;tm;owfrSwfjcif;// • tpdk;&taeESifhrdrdedKifiHtwGif;Ya&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm;Oya'tm;csdK;azgufaomtvkyfiSm;&rf; r+rsm;&Sdr&SdESifh a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;edKifiHjyifyodk@xGufcGgjcif;/ jzwfoef;oGm;jcif;/ 0ifa&mufvm jcif;&Sdr&Sdudkapmifh-unfh&rnf? a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; tjynfjynfqdkif&moabmwlnDcsuf ESifh edKifiHwGif;Oya'tm; qef@usifonfh uef@owfonfhyHkpHaexdkifapjcif;ponfwdk@udk-unfh&+&rnfjzpf onf?

• twdkif;twmrsm;tm;vHk;tm;atmufygtcsufrsm;twGufvdktyfcsuft&aqmif&Gufoifhayonf? (u)a&$ @ajymif;tvkyftrm;rsm;tm;cdk;,lo,faqmifjcif;ESifha&@$ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm;Oya'csdK; azgufItvkyfiSm;&rf;jcif;tm;wdkufzsufjcif;// (c)a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; cdk;,lo,faqmifjcif;ESif hw&m;r0ifcsdK;azgufI o,faqmifjcif; tm;wdkufzsufjcif;ESifhw&m;r0if a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; Oya'tm;csdK;azgufItvkyfiSm;&rf; jcif;tm;wdkufzsufjcif;// • ae&ma&$ @ajymif; oltvkyform;rsm; twGuftvkyfr&Sdjcif;tm; umuG,fonfh twdkif;twmwck ESifhukefusp&dwfrwwfedKifonfh tvkyfxkwfcH&ol/ omreftajcaewGifr&Sdaom a&$ @ajymif;tvkyfo rm;rsm;tm;umuG,fr+ay;jcif;?

• tydkif; 2 cGJjcm;aqmif&Gufr+ESifhygwfoufaom (oabmwlpmcsKyf trSwf 111 wGifjyXmef;xm;aom tvkyf&&Sda&;ESifhtoufarG0rf;a-umif;cGifh) tpdk;&tm;a-unm&efESifh rl0g'twdkif;vkyfaqmif&efowf rSwfay;I tvkyf&&Sda&;ESihftoufarG;0rf;a-umif; twGufnDr#aomaqmif&Gufay;r+rsm;/ yHhydk;ay;r+ rsm;jyKvkyfay;&rnf? vlr+zlvHka&;tmrcH/ tvkyform;or*~wGifyg0ifcGifh/ ,Ofaus;r+qdkif&mtcGifht a&;/ vlwdkif;.vGwfvyfr+/ edKifiHwGif;w&m;0ifaexdkifaoa&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;ESifh rdom;pk0ifrsm;. vGwfvyfr+ponfwdk@udkwlnDaomaqmif&Gufr+rsm;ay;&rnf?

• oabmwlpmcsKyfonf edKifiHtvdkuf uef@owfcsufrsm;owfrSwfItcsdK@aomtvkyfiSm;&rf;r+rsm;odk@ tusdK;jyKonf? (ae&ma'oa&$@ajymif;oltvkyform;rsm;xdkedKifiHtwGif;w&m;0ifaexdkifjyD;Oya'rS owfrSwfxm;onfhtcsdefumvtwdkif;/2ESpfrausmfvGefao;olrsm; toufarG;0rf;a-umif;r+tm; a&G; cs,fedKifonf?

2=3) tvkyf&SmazGay;aom at;*sifh rsm;ESifhygwfoufIoabmwlpmcsKyf(trSwfpOf 181 ) 1997 OD;wnfcsuf tvkyf&SmazGay;aomat;*sifh rsm;tm;uef@owfcsufrsm;owfrSwfay;jcif;ESifh xdkXme rsm;.0efaqmifr+udkcH,laomtvkyform;rsm;tm; jyXmef;csuftwdkif;umuG,fay;a&;? tvkyf&SmazGay;aom at;*sifhrsm;onf tvkyform;aps;uGuf vnfywfr+aumif;rGef&efvkyfaqmif a-umif;oabmayguf&rnf// tvkyf&SmazGa&;at;*sifh qdkonfrSmtpdk;&tzGJ@tpnf;rSpGufzufjcif;uif;onfh ynm&Sif(odk@)omreft&yfom;rS tvkyform;aps;uGuf vnfywfa&;twGufwm0ef,lxm;onf@tzGJ@jzpfonf? tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;rSxdk tvkyf&SmazGa&;Xmersm; onfpepfESifhudkufnDaomtmrcHxm;onfh cGifhjyKcsufpm&Gufpm wrf;tm;}uD;-uyf-unfh&+edKif&rnf? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

39

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• tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;taeESifhoifhawmfIvdktyfaom twdkif;twmrsm;ESifhtvkyf&SmazGa&;at;*sifhrsm;. iSm;&rf;xm;aom tvkyform;rsm;tm;vHkavmufaom apmifha&Smufr+udkay;&rnf? vGwfvyfpGmzJG@ pnf;cGifh/ tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;c/tvkyfcsdefowfrSwfjcif;/ tjcm;vkyfief;cGifyHkpHrsm;ESifhygwfoufI pkaygif; awmif;qdkcGifh/ Oya'rSowfrSwfxm;onfhvlr+zlvHka&;pepf/ toufarG;0rf;a-umif;ynmoif-um;edKif a&;/ usef;rma&;ESifhvkyfief;cGiftEW&m,fuif;a&;/ vkyfief;cGifwGif;xdcdkuf'%f&m&r+a&m*g jzpfyGg;r+t wGufavsmfa-u;&&Sda&;/ ukr`%DysufpD;oGm;jcif;a-umif;epfema-u;&&Sda&;ponfrsm;ESifhtvkyform;t cGifhta&;tm;apmifha&Smufjcif;/ rdcifjzpfol rStvkyform;.cHpm;xdkufaomtusdK;tm;&&SdcHpm;jcif;/ rdbjzpfolrStvkyform;.cHpm;xdkufaomtusdK;tm;&&SdcHpm;jcif;wdk@udkaqmif&Gufay;&rnf?

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• tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;onfa&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm;aom oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;aom edKifiH. edKifiHom;jzpfaoma-umifh xdktvkyform;rsm;. rdom;pk0ifrsm;onfvnf; rdrdedKifiHwGif;YtvkyfcGif wGif;xdcdkuf'%f&m&r+wGifavsmfa-u;ay;jcif;ESifhygwfoufIwlnDaomtusdK;udkcHpm;edKifonf?

• TwlnDaomtusdK;aqmifr+rsm;onfa&$@ ajymif;tvkyform;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;onfa&muf&Sdaeaom edKifiHwGif;rSuef@owfcsufr&Sd rSDcdkoltcGifhta&;tm;&&SdedKifonf? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

40

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•

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1= wefzdk;&Sdaomvkyfief; tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhaqmif&Gufr+vrf;pOfrsm;onf “tvkyfvkyfedKifaom t&G,f&Sd trsdK;om;ESifhtrsdK;orD;rsm;tm;wef;zdk;&Sdaomvkyfief;ESifhukefxkwfvkyfr+tm; rdrdedKifiHESifhedKifiHjcm; wGif vGwfvyfr+/ om wlnDr#r+/ vHkjcHKr+ESifhvl@*k%foduQmwdk@ESifhtwlaqmif&Gufjcif;”tm;ulnDyHhydk;ay;jcif;jzpfonf//

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

41

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• vlr+a&;ESifhygwfoufI aqG;aEG;nSdE+dif;r+tm; edKifiHtqifhrSDwdk;wufap&ef axmifhaygif;pHkrSae&ma'o a&$ @ajymif;oltvkyform;rsm;twGufaqmif&Guf&rnf? a'ocHvlr+todkif;t0dkif;ESifhnSdE+dif;r+a'oa&$@ vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

42

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43

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44

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45

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

46

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tkyfcsKyfr+aumfrwD oHk;yGifhqdkiftzGJ@0if 56 OD; tpdk;&udk,fpm;vS,f 28OD; ( ,m,Dudk,fpm;vS,f 10 OD;) tvkyform; 14OD;/ tvkyf&Sif 14OD; wESpfv#if 3}udrftpnf;ta0;jyKvkyfIatmufyg }uD;-uyfr+rsm;jyKvkyfonf?

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

47

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oabmwlnDcsuftm;vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif; tpdk;& tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf w&m;0ifvufrSwfxdk;jcif; vufrSwfxdk;jyD;wESpftwGif;vdkufemusifhoHk;&ef wm0efodpdwf • yxrOD;qHk;tpD&ifcHpmtm; 1 ESpftwGif;ydk@aqmif&ef • 2 ESpfw}udrf(oabmwlpmcsKyfygt"dutcsufrsm;ESifhvsifjrefpGmvkyf aqmif&rnfhoabmwlpmcsKyf)odk@r[kwf 5ESpfw}udrfydk@&ef • owfrSwfcsuf&SdaomtpD&ifcHpmrsm;tm;tpD&ifcHpmay;ydk@&efvdktyf onf?

ILO: ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No. 169) A manual, Geneva, 2003, p. 71

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

48

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ESpfcsKyftpD&ifcHpmtm;oHk;oyfcsufjzef@ a0jcif;

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

49

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=tjcm;tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm; =tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;udk,f pm;vS,frsm;-ILC -tkyfcsKyfr+aumfrwD (vuf&Sdtm%m&Sd aom)

=tvkyf&Sifrsm;tzGJ@ =tvkyform;tzGJ@(odk@) =tjcm;tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;

ay;ydk@edKifjcif;

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aumfrwDtzGJ@rSwdkif-um;csuf(odk@)pGyfpGJcsufrsm;tm;vufcH-um;emygu

tkyfcsKyfr+aumfrwDtzGJ@ rSaumf rwDtjzpfESifhjy\emtm;ppf aq;&efESifht}uHjyKedKif&efrSoHk; yGiq hf ikd ftzG@J twGif;rStzG@J 0if 3 OD; tm;a&G;cs,fjcif;

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pGyfpGJcsufrsm;ESifht}uHjyKcsuf rsm;udkxkwfa0jcif;&Sdr&Sd udktkyf csKyfr+aumfrwDrSqHk;jzwfcGifh&SdjyD; jy\emtm;u|rf;usifolaumf rwDrsm;xHodk@tm;Oya'& axmifht&-um;emppfaq;r+ jyKedKif&efudkvnf;wifjyay;edKif onf?

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u|rf;usifolaumfrwDrsm;tm; Oya'&+axmifht& xdkedKifiH. vGwfvyfpGmtzGJ@zGJ@ pnf;cGifhESifh yl;aygif;awmif;qdkedKifonfho abmwlpmcsKyftm;vufrSwfa&; xdk;jcif;ay:rlwnfIpDppfedKif&ef wifjyjcif;

50

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uef@uGufjcif; qdkif&myk'fr=24t&w&m;0ifwdkif-um;jcif;yHkpHonf oabmwlpmcsKyftm;vuf rSwfa&;xdk;xm;jcif;tm;rvdkufemr+ESifhygwfoufItedrfhqHk;tmrcHcsufrsm;onf? uef@uGufr+ay;ydk@olonf t vkyf&Sif odk@r[kwf tvkyform;tzGJ@tpnf;rSomjzpf&rnf? tpdk;&tm; uef@uGufjcif;wGif oabmwlpmcsKyf wGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;r+tm; oifhawmfavsmfnDaomvdkufemr+ r&Sda-umif;olwdk@tzGJ@rS,Hk-unfaoma-umifh jzpfonf? vlwdkif;ESifhtifef*sDtdk rsm;taeESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyfodk@wdkuf&dkufuef@uGufjcif; tm;jyKvkyfIr&yg? odk@aomftvkyf&SifESifh tvkyform;tzGJ@tpnf;rS wqifh tcsuftvufrsm;ay;ydk@edKifonf?

ILO.t"duta&;}uD;aomtcsufrSm zDvm',fzD,m a-unmpmwrf; ( The Declaration of Philadelphia-1944 ) 1944ckESpf tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;nDvmcH rSa-unmcsufjzpfaom tvkyform;onf ukefypPnf;r [kwf/ vGwfvyfpGmxkwfaz:ajymqdkcGifhESifh tzGJ@zGJ@pnf;jcif;onf wnfjrJaomwdk;wufr+twGufta&;}uD;onf? qif;&JrGJawr+onf ta-umif;t&mwckjzpfaomfvnf; / tzufzufrSwdk;wufr+twGuf tEW&m,fjzpfaponf? &nf&G,fcsuftwdkif;&&SdedKif&ef/ tzGJ@csKyf.jyXmef;owfrSwfcsufrsm;twdkif;jzpf&ef/ ILOtaeESifhrl0g'ESifhvkyfaqmif csufrsm;&Sdonf? vlaer+pepfjyKjyif&ef/ vkyfief;cGifwGif;tcGifhtvrf;jznfhqnf;ay;&ef/ tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;vdkufem usifhoHk;edKif&eftvkyform;rsm;tm;apmifha&Smufr+enf;pepfrsm;owfrSwfjcif;/tzufzufESifhqufEG,fvkyfaqmif r+tm; ulnDyHhydk;ay;jcif;udk tvkyf&Sif/ tvkyform;rsm;ESifh ygwfouftzGJ@tpnf;rsm;tm; oifwef; ydk@cs jcif;/ tcsuftvufESifhpm&Gufpmwrf;jzef@a0jcif;jzifhvkyfaqmifr+tm;tpydkif;rSulnyD Hhydk;ay;&efjzpfonf? xdkif;edKifiHtaeESifh ILO.yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufr+onf tpdk;&ESifhtvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme/ tvkyform;tzGJ@ 4zGJ@ jzpfaom=Thai Trade Union Congress / Labor Congress of Thai / National Congress of Thai Labor / State Enterpriess Wokers’ Relations Confederation wdk@ESifhyl;aygif;aqmif&GufjyD; / tvkyf&SiftzGJ@tpnf; 2zGJ@jzpfaom Employers’ Confederstion of Thailand / Employers’ Confederation of Thai Tread and Industrywdk@ESifhyl;aygif;aqmif&Gufonf?

5= xdkif;edKifiHrSyg0ifvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;aom ILO ESifhoabmwlpmcsKyf 14 ckrSm - C.80 oabmwlpmcsKyf.tydkif;tcsdK@tm;jyKjyifjcif;? 5 =12 =1947 - C.11 oabmwlpmcsKyf.tydkif;tcsdK@tm;jyKjyifjcif;?24 =9 = 1962 - C.104 tvkyfiSm;&rf;r+oabmwlpmcsKyftm;azgufzsufola'ocHtvkyform;rsm;tm;&mZ

-

0wfr+ESifhtjypfay;jcif;tm;&yfqdkif;jcif;? 29=1= 1964 C.105 t"rRcdkif;apr+tm;&yfqdkif;jcif;? 2=12=1967 C.127 tvkyform;wOD;o,faqmifedKifaomtav;csdefowfrSwfjcif;? 26=2=1968 C.14 pufr+vkyfief;rStvkyform;rsm;tm;tywfpOftvkyfem;cGifh? 5=4=1968 C.19 edKifiHwGif;tvkyform;ESifha&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;cGJjcm;r+r&SdbJ rawmfwqxdcdkuf r+twGufepfema-u;&&Sd&ef? 5=4=1968 C.123ajratmufv+dif*lxJwGiftvkyfvkyfcGifhjyKxm;aomtedrfhqHk;touft&G,fowfrSwf jcif;? 5=4=1968 C.29 twif;t-uyfcdkif;apr+ESifht"rRcdkif;apr+ ? 26=2=1969 C.88 tvkyf&SmazGa&;Xmewnfaxmifjcif; ?26=2=1969 C.122 vkyfief;cGifrl0g'? 26=2=1969 C.100 wlnDaomvkyfief;wGifvkyfaqmifaomtrsdK;om;ESifhtrsdK;orD;tm;wlnDaomvkyf tm;c&&Sda&;? 8=2=1999 C.182 uav;tvkyform;tm;&ufpuf-urf;wrf;aomvkyfief;yHkpHjzifhcdkif;apr+tm;csufjcif; vufiif;wm;qD; jcif;ESifhwdkufzsufjcif; ? 16=2=2001 C.138 tvkyfvkyfedKifaomtedrfhqHk;touft&G,fowfrSwfjcif;? 11=11=2004

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

51

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xdkif;edKifiHtaeESifh oabmwlpmcsKyf 14 cktm;vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;jyD; wckwnf;aomoabmwlpmcsKyfjzpf onfh a&@$ ajymif;tvkyform; rsm;ESifhwdkuf&dkufoufqdkifaom trSwfpOf (18 )1925 ckESpf wGifjyXmef;aom wlnDaomaqmif&Gufr+ay;jcif;? (vkyfief;cGifwGif;xdcdkuf'%f&m&r+twGufepfema-u;)wGifvufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif; r&Sdao;yg?tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;onfa&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm;wlnDaomvkyfaqmifr+ay;&efjzpfonf? tvkyf cGifwGif;rSxdcdkuf'%f&m&aomtvkyform;twGufepfema-u;ay;aqmif&ef/ a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;&SdonfhtzGJ@ 0ifedKifiHrStvkyform;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;tm;tcGifhta&;ay;&efjzpfonf? oabmwlvufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;onfh edKifiHrsm;wGifxdcdkuf'%f&m&r+ twGuf a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; rdrdedKifiHrStvkyform;rsm; wef;wlay; avsmfa-u;ay;aqmif&ef tvkyform;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;twGuf tmrcHcsufay;&rnf?tvkyform;.aexdkif&m a'o&SmazGjcif;tm;tjcm;ygwfoufaeaomtzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;.ulnDr+ay;&rnf? oabmwlpmcsKyftm;vdkufem usifhoHk;r+ESifhygwfoufI a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifhygwfoufonfh Oya'ESifhpnf;urf;owfrSwfr+ajymif;vJr+ wpHkw&m&Sdygu tzGJ@0ifedKifiHrsm;tm;today;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

52

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53

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

54

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

55

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

56

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

57

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1=6 &mZ0wfr+t&tjypf&Sdonf? tu,fI tvkyf&Sif(odk@)tvkyform;onfOya'tm;csdK;azgufygu &mZ0wfr+t& tjypf&Sdonf[k,lqjyD; axmif'%f(odk@)aiG'%fudkay;aqmif&rnfjzpfonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

58

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E+wfESifhoabmwl&Hkjzifhtvkyform;Oya'tumtuG,ftwdkif;tusHK;0ifonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

59

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60

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61

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

62

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

(1)tvkyfydwf&uftrsdK;tpm;rsm; tvkyf&SifrStvkyform;rsm;tm;tvkyfem;&ufrsm;udkatmufygt wdkif;pDpOfay;&rnf? =tygwfpOftvkyfydwf&uf tvkyf&SifrStvkyfem;&uffudkowfrSwfIa-unmay;&rnfjzpfonf//wygwf twGif;w&ufxufreJaomtvkyfem;&uf&Sd&rnf? (yk'fr=28)tvkyform;onftvkyf 6 &ufqufwdkufqif; jyD;w&ufudktvkyfem;cGifh&Sdonf? =&dk;&m"avhxHk;wrf;pOfvm&ufrsm;twGuftvkyfem;jcif; tvkyf&SiftaeESifhtvkyform;rsm; tm;&dk;&m"avhxHk;wrf;pOfvmtvkyfydwf&ufrsm;udkowfrSwfay;&rnf? Oyrm=ESpfopful;&uf/o}uFef&uf/ t vkyform;ae@/ oDwif;u|wf/ bk&ifarG;ae@ponfae@rsm; twGuf tvkyfydwf&ufwESpfv#if 13 &ufxufrenf; owfrSwfay;&rnf? (yk'fr=29) =tpm;xdk;tvkyfydwf&uf"avhxHk;wrf;pOfvmtvkyfydwf&ufrsm;onf tygwfpOftvkyfydwf&ufESifh wdkufqdkifr+&Sdygutvkyform;tm;tpm;xdk;tvkyfydwf&ufudkaemufw&ufwGifpDpOfay;&rnf?(yk'fr=29) =ESpfpOfa&SmifwcifcGifh&uftvkyform;onfvkyfouf wESpfjynfhaomtcg 6&ufxufreJaom a&SmifwcifcGifh,l cGifh&Sdonf?(yk'fr=30) (2)tvkyfydwf&uftwGufvkyftm;c tvkyform;rsm;tm;vHk;trsdk;tpm;rcJGjcm;bJ&dk;&m"avhxHk; wrf;pOfvmtvkyfydwf&ufESifha&SmifwcifcGifh&ufrsm;wGiftvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;tm;omreftvkyf&ufrsm; uJhodk@vkyftm;cay;&rnfjzpfonf?

(2=8)tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;tvkyfcdkif;apjcif;a-umifhvkyftm;c rnfonfhtvkyfydwf&ufrsm;rqdk tvkyf&SifrScdkif;apIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tvkyform;tm;tvkyfvkyfcGifhay;I aomfvnf;aumif;tvkyf&SiftaeESifhtvkyfydwf&uftwGif;vkyftm;cudkatmufygtwdkif;ay;&rnf? =ae@pm;tvkyform; tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;tvkyfqif;aoma-umifhtvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;tm;omrefvkyftm;c.2q& cGifh&Sdonf?

Oyrm=tvkyform;taeESifhomrefvkyftm;confwae@200bwf&ygu tvkyfydwf&ufwGif8em&Dtvkyfqif;aoma-umifhvkyftm;c 200» 2 q]400bwf&cGifh&Sdonf? =txnfaumuf(odk@)ykwfjywftvkyform; txnfaumuf(odk@)ykwfjywftvkyform;rsm;onftvkyfydwf&ufwGiftvkyfqif;&jcif;a-umifhomref vkyftm;c. 2qudk&&SdcGifh&Sdonf?

Oyrm=omreftaeESifh tvkyform;onf w'gZifv#if 20 bwf&&Sdygutvkyfydwf&ufwGiftvkyfqif;yg uvkyftm;conf 20bwf»2q] 40bwf&&SdrnfjzpfjyD; xdkae@wGif 8em&Dtvkyfqif;I 10 'gZif&&Sdygu 10 'gZif»40 bwf] 400 bwf&&SdcGifh&Sdonf? =vpm;tvkyform; vpm;tvkyform;rsm;onf rnfjzpfonf?

tvkyfydwf&ufwGiftvkyfqif;&aoma-umifh

w&ufpmaomvkyftm;c&&Sd

Oyrm=tu,fItvkyform;onfvpm 5100bwf&&Sdygu 5100bwf÷30&uf] 170bwf udkvpmxkwfaomtcgrygwnf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf? xdk@a-umifhtvkyform;tm;tvkyfydwf&ufwGif tvkyfqif;apygu tvkyform;onf vpmESifh wae@pmvkyftm;cudk&&Sdrnf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

63

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

(2=9)tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;tcsdefydkvkyftm;c tvkyfydwf&ufwGif tvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;tm;tcsdefydktvkyfcdkif;apjcif;/ tvkyform;tm;tcsdefydktvkyf vkyfcGifhay;v#if tvkyform;onf tdkwDa-u; 3q&ydkifcGifh&Sdonf? ae@pm;tvkyform;twGufOyrm 0if;atmifonfae@pm;tvkyform;jzpfjyD; wae@wm 8em&D twGufvkyftm;c 150 bwf&&Sdonf? wem&Dv#if 150bwf÷8em&D] 18²75bwf tvkyf&SifrScdkif;apIaomfvnf;aumif;/ tvkyform;tm;tvkyfvkyf&efcGifhjyKaoma-umifhvnf;aumif; tvkyfydwf&ufwGiftvkyf 12 em&Dvkyfygu 0if;atmifonf= tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;vkyftm;c(8 em&DtwGuf) 150 bwf» 2q ] 300 bwf tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;tdkwDcsdef 12 em&D = 8 em&D ] 4em&D tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;tdkwda}u; 4 em&D » 18²75 bwf »3q ] 225 bwf pkpkaygif;&&Sdonfhvkyftm;c 300 (tvkyfydwf&ufvkyftm;c)š225(tvkyfydwf&uf tdkwDa-u;)]525 bwf

ykwfjywftvkyform;twGufOyrm atmifaZmfonf 'gZifpm;tvkyform;jzpfjyD; omrefvkyftm;conf w'gZifv#if 20 bwf&&Sdonf? tu,fI tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;tvkyfqif;&ygu= vkyftm;c jyD;pD;aom'gZifta&twGuf 8 em&DtwGif;»20bwf »2q tdkwDa-u; jyD;pD;aom'gZifta&twGuf 8 em&Daemufydkif; »20bwf »3q

vpm;tvkyform;twGufOyrm ae0if;onf wvv#ifvkyftm;c 15000 bwf&onf? wem&D vkyftm;cwGufcsufygu = 15000 bwf÷ 30 &uf ÷ 8em&D ]62²50 bwf tu,fIae0if; onf ESpfqef; &uf(tvkyfydwfonfh&uf)wGiftvkyf 10 em&Dqif;ygu tvkyfydwf&uf twGufvkyftm;c 8em&DtwGuf aiG 500 bwf&&SdrnfjzpfjyD;/ ydkaom 2 em&DtwGuf tdkwDa-u; 3q&&Sd ojzifh 62.50bwf× 2 em&D × 3q = 475 bwf pkpkaygif; 500 š475 ] 975bwf &&Sdrnfjzpfonf?

(2=10)tvkyfydwf&uftwGif;vkyftm;cESifhtdkwDa-u;wGufcsuf&mwGif-uHKawG@&aomjy\em rsm; tdkwDa-u; puf&Hktawmfrsm;rsm;onf tvkyform;onf tvkyfqif;csdef / tvkyfem;csdefod-uaomfvnf;/ tdkwDcsdeftm;tvkyform;rsm;od&Sdap&efa-unmjcif;r&Sdyg? tvkyform;wOD;onftvkyf8em&Dqif;jyD;aomt cg 9em&Dajrmuftvkyfcsdefonf tdkwDcsdef .yxrqHk;em&Djzpfonf// Oyrm=tvkyform;onftvkyfcsdef(10)em&Djynfhatmifvkyfaomae@onftdkwD2 em&Dqif;onf[k,lq &rnfjzpfonf? wem&Dv#if 1²5q(omreftvkyfqif;&uf) 3q (tvkyfydwf&uf)ponfjzifh&&SdcGifh&Sdonf? tvkyfydwf&ufwGifvkyfc tvkyf&SifonftvkyfcGifpnf;urf;rsm;owfrSwfjcif;/ tvkyfydwf&ufrsm;wGiftvkyfydwfa-umif;tvkyform;rSr od&Sdygutvkyf(6)&ufqif;jyD;(7)&ufae@wGiftywfpOftvkyfydwf&ufjzpfaoma-umifh vpm; tvkyform;rsm; twGuftvkyfydwf&ufvkyftm;cwqESifhae@pm;tvkyform;rsm;/ ykwfjywftvkyform;rsm;twGuftvkyfydwf &ufvkyftm;c 2 q& &&Sdrnf? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

64

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

(2=12)cGifh,lcsdeftwGif;vkyftm;c aeraumif; / zsm;emojzifhcGifh,ljcif; aeraumif;zsm;emv#iftvkyform;onf cGifh,ledKifjyD;/ wESpfwGifcGifh&uftwGif;&uf(30)xufrydkaomvkyftm; cudk&ydkifcGifh&Sdonf? (yk'fr=32) tvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;.omrefvkyftm;ctwdkif;ay;&rnf? (yk'fr=58) om;a-umjzwf&eftwGufcGifh,ljcif; om;a-umjzwf&eftwGuftvkyform;onf q&m0efn$ef-um;csuftwdkif;tem;,lydkifcGifh&Sdonf? (yk'fr=33) cGifh,lpOftcsdeftwGif;tvkyform;onfomrefvkyftm;ctwdkif;&ydkifcGifh&Sdonf?

(2=12)tvkyf&Sifonf vkyftm;c/ tdkwDa-u;ESifhtvkyfydwf&ufvkyftm;crsm;rS jzwfawmufydkifcGifhr&Sd? (yk'fr=76) (1)tcGefaqmif&efESifhOya'rSowfrSwfxm;csufrsm; (2)tvkyform;or*~tzGJ@0ifa-u;rsm; (3) aiGpkaqmif;a&;tzGJ@wGifwif&Sdaeaomta-uG;(tvkyform;rSoabmwlnDr+&Sd&rnf) (4)aiGpm&if;ESifhygwfoufaom vkyfief;rsm;wGifwm0ef,l&aom tvkyform;rsm;vkyfief;t wGuftmrcHa-u;/ (wae@wmvkyftm;c. 60 qxufrydk&ef) (5) aiGpkaiGacs;&efyHkaiG (6)vkyfief;cGifwGifayghavsmhr+a-umifh vkyfief;ysufpD;r+twGuf jzwfawmufaiG (tvkyfo rm; .oabmwlnDcsuf&Sd&rnf?) trSwf=(2)(6)rSvGJI&&Sdrnfvkyftm;c. 10&mcdkifE+H;omjzwfcGifh&SdjyD;/pkpkaygif;jzwfawmufaiG onf 20&mcdkifE+H; xufrydk&yg? tvkyform;rSoabmwlaomfvnf;/ oabmwllnDa-umif; vufrSwfxdk;xm;onfhpm yg&rnf?

(2=13)usef;rma&;ESifhvkyfief;cGiftEW&m,fuif;a&;twGuftcGifhta&;rsm; (1)trsdK;orD;tvkyform;ESifhuav;tvkyform;rsm;twGuftxl;usef;rma&;apmifha&Smufr+rsm;? =trsdK;orD;rsm;tm;tEW&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm;wGifcdkif;apjcif;rjyK&?

Oyrm=ajratmuf/ a&atmuf/ vd+%f*laqmufvkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;/ AHk;vufeufrsm;xkwf vkyfo,faqmifonfhvkyfief;rsm;/ avmifpmo,faqmifonfhvkyfief;rsm;? =udk,f0efaqmiftrsdK;orD;tvkyform;tm; n 10em&FDrS eHeuf 6 em&DtwGif;tvkyf cdkif;apjcif;/ tcsdefydkvkyfapjcif;/ tvkyfydwf&ufwGiftvkyfvkyfapjcif;/ tif*sifpuf/ wkefcg aeaompufu&d,mrsm;ESifh tvkyfvkyfapjcif;/ 15uDvdk*&rfxufav;aom ukefypPnf;rsm; tm;o,fjcif;/ rjcif;/ a&$@ajymif;jcif;ponfhvkyfief;rsm;wGifcdkif;apjcif;? avSoabFmrsm;ay: wGifvkyf&aomtvkyfrsm;? =udk,f0efaqmiftrsdK;orD;rsm;&&SdaomtcGifhta&;rsm;rSm • rD;zGg;cGifh 90 &uf • rD;zGGg;jyD;q&m0efaxmufcHcsufjzifh tvkyfajymif;cGifh&Sdonf?

• udk,f0efaqmifojzifhtvkyfrSxkwfypfjcif;rjyK&? =uav;tvkyform;rsm;twGuftvkyf&SifrS rcdkif;apoifhaomtvkyfrsm;tm;owfrSwfay; jcif;? =uav;tvkyform;rsm;twGuftEW&m,f&Sdonf[ kOya'rSowfrSwfxm;aomvkyfief;rsm; rSm= vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

65

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

• ajratmufvkyfief;?

• oHxnfrsm;tm; jyKvkyfonfhvkyfief;?

• tEW&m,f&SdaomypPnf;rsm;o,faqmifonfhvkyfief;?

• tEW&m,f&Sdaom"gwfypPnf;rsm;xkwfvkyfonfhvkyfief;?

• ylvGefjcif;/ at;vGefjcif;/ wkefcgr+rsm;ItEW&m,f&Sdaomvkyfief;rsm;? (yk'fr=23 bDtD;=2541 trSwfpOf 2wGifaz:jyxm;onf?)

(2)tEW&m,f&Sdaomae&mwGif tvkyfvdkv#ifrvkyfonfhtcGifhta&;&SdjyD;/ tvkyfrvkyfonfhwdkifvkyf tm;c &ydkifcGifhudk yk'fr=104/ 105 t&awmif;qdkedKifonf?

(3)tEW&m,fuif;a&;/ vkyfief;cGifusef;rma&;twGufaumfrwDw&yfzGJ@pnf;cGifh/ vkyfief;cGifwGif;ywf0ef; usifoef@&Sif;a&;twGufzGJ@pnf;cGifh&Sdonf? =tvkyform;0ef}uD;Xme rS 27=6=2538 wGifa-unmI 28=10=2538 wGifpwifIt oHk;jyKcJhonf? =tvkyf&SifESifhtvkyform; ESpfOD;ESpfzufyl;aygif;r+jzifhvkyfief;cGifwGif; tEW&m,fuif;a&; t wGufjzpfonf? = tvkyform; 50=99 a,mufwGif aumfrwD0if 5 OD; 100=499a,mufwGifaumfrwD0if 7 OD; 500 txufwGif aumfrwD0if 11 OD; tvkyform;or*~ESifhtvkyform;aumfrwDrSa&G;cs,f&rnfjzpfonf? tu,fItvkyform;or*~ESifh tvkyform;aumfrwDr&Sdygu aumfrwD0ifrsm;rSa&G;cs,frnfholudkcef@tyfay;&efaqmif&Gufedkifonf?

(2=14)aumif;rGefwdk;wufa&;twGuftcGifhta&;rsm; (1)Oya'rStvkyform;0ef}uD;tm;/ 0ef}uD;Xm. pnf;urf;rsm;udk xkwfjyefa-unmcGifhtm%mudkay; tyfxm;onf? tvkyfcGifwGif;wdk;wufaumif;rGefa&;Oya'bDtD;=2548 tm;8=3=2548 &ufae@wGifxkwfjyef a-unmcJhonf? (yk'fr=95) (2)tvkyfcGifaumif;rGefwdk;wufa&;twGufaumfrwDw&yfzGJ@pnf;jcif;(yk'fr=96/ 97/ 98) • tvkyform;50a,muftxuf&Sdygutvkyform;udk,fpm;vS,f 5OD;tm;a&G;tm; wifajrmufedKifonf? tvkyform;rsm;b0aumif;rGefwdk;wufa&;twGufaqG;aEG;yGJ jyKvkyfjcif;/ t}uHay;jcif;/ apmifh-unfhjcif;rsm;vkyfaqmifay;onf?

• tu,fIbDtD;2518tvkyform;qufqHa&;Oya't& tvkyform;aumfrwD&Sdyg u/ tvkyform;rsm;b0aumif;rGefwdk;wufa&;vkyfiefrsm;udkvkyfaqmifedKifonf?

(2=15)tvkyfcGifwGif;tcGifhta&;ESifh/ tvkyfcdkifjrJa&;twGuftcGifhta&;rsm; (1)rw&m;tvkyfxkwfjcif; tvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;tm;cdkifvHkaomta-umif;csufr&SdbJtvkyfrSxkwfcGifhr&Sdyg? Oyrm=tvkyform; onftvkyfcGifpnf;urf;tm;csdK;azgufr+r&Sdjcif;/ tvkyf&Sif.0ifaiGESifhukefxkwfvkyfr+tm;xdcdkufr+r&Sdjcif;ponf wdk@r&SdyJ/ tvkyfrSxkwfygurw&m;tvkyfxkwfjcif;jzpfonf? tvkyform;taeESifhtvkyform;w&m;&Hk;odk@t vkyfjyefvnf&&Sda&;ESifhepfema-u;&&Sda&;twGufwdkif-um;edKifonf?

(2)epfema-u; tvkyf&Sifonf tvkyform;rStjypfr&SdbJtvkyfxkwfvdkufaomtcg tvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;tm; ae@pm;/ vpm;/ ykwfjywfpm;[lIrcGJjcm;bJepfema-u;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?

1=tvkyf&Sifonftvkyform;tm;tjypfr&SdbJtvkyfxkwfonfh tjyif}udKwifta-umif;-um;jcif;r&Sd vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

66

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

yguvkyfoufay:rlwnfI30&uf/ 90&uf/ 180&uf/240&uf/ 300&uf pmvkyftm;c ponfjzifhavsmf a-u;ay;&rnff?(yk'fr=118) 2=tvkyf&SifrS vkyfief;ajymif;a&$@&mwGifvdkufygomG ;edKifjcif;r&Sdaoma-umifh tvkyfxGufvdkufaomt vkyform;tm;vkyftm;c.50&mcdkifEH+;udkay;&rnf?(yk'fr=120) 3=pufu&d,mrsm;toHk;jyKr+wdk;wufvmjcif;a-umifh tvkyform;av#mh&aomtcg wESpfv#if 15 &ufE+H;ESifh &ufaygif;(360 )xufrydkaomavsmfa-u;udkay;&rnf? vkyfouf 6ESpftxuf&Sdolrsm;cHpm; cGifh&Sdonf? rSwfcsuf=tvkyf&SifrStvkyform;tm;tvkyfiSm;&rf;r+wGif pmcsKyfjyKvkyfxm;ygu 6vpmcsKyf&Sdaomtvkyf orm;rsm;tm;tcsdefwefIpmcsKyfjyefrqufygu tvkyf&SifrStvkyform;tm;epfema-u;ay;&rnf?

rSwfcsuf=wdkawmif;aomtcsdef wGif;tvkyfiSm;&rf;r+pmcsKyfjyKvkyfjyD;vkyfouftm;r-umc%qufjcif; rsm;&Sdonf? Oyrm =wESpfw}udrfESifh 3}udrfjyKvkyfjcif;tm;jzifhtvkyform;onfvkyfouf 3ESpf&SdjyD;epfem a-u;udkvnf;xdkvkyfouftwdkif;ay;&rnf?

(2=16) tvkyform;rsm;b0wdk;wufa&;twGufvkyfaqmifcGifh • tvkyfiSm;&rf;r+wGifcGJjvm;r+r&Sd&?(yk'fr=15) • oifwef;wuf&eftwGuf cGifh,ljcif;wGiftvkyform;a&;ESifhygwfoufI todynm&Sm&eft wGufcGifh,lcGifh&Sdonf?

(2=17)tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;wm0ef&SdolxHwdkif-um;cGifh • tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;wm0ef&Sdoltm;vkyfief;cGiftEW&m,fuif;a&;ESifhOya'csdK;azgufr+ rsm; twGufwdkif-um;edKifcGifh&Sdonf?

• trsdK;orD;tvkyform;rsm;. usef;rma&;tEW&m,fa-umifhtvkyfcsdefESifhwm0eftm;ajymif; vJay;&efavsmhcsay;&efawmif;qdkedKifonf?

• Oya'csKd;azgufaomtvkyf&Sif.tvkyfcGifpnf;urf;rsm;udkjyKjyifay;&efawmif;qdkcGifh&Sdonf?

• aiGa-u;tjzpfawmif;qdkcGifh(yk'fr=123/ 125)&Sdonf?

3=tvkyform;.wm0ef0wW&m; • vkyfief;tm;rSefuefoyf&yfpGmjzifhwm0ef,lr+jzifhvkyfaqmif&rnf?

• tvkyf&Sif(odk@)tkyfcsKyfol.Oya'ESifhudkufnDjyD;/ w&m;r#waomtrdef@udkvdkufem&rnf?

4=tvkyf&SifrSwm0ef,l&rnfhtydkif;/ ykwfjywftvkyform;(tcsdef/ vkyftm;c) aiGa}u;twdkif;twmwcktwGufukefxkwfvkyfonfhykwfjywfvkyfief; xkwfvkyfr+udk ykwfjywfay;onfhvkyfief;rsm;wGif tvkyf&SifrSiSm;&rf;jcif;[k,lqonf? yif&if; tvkyf&SifrS bDtD; 2541 Oya'twdkif;rvdkufemygu puf&HktaeESifhwm0ef,l&rnf?(yk'fr=5(3)) vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

67

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

tcsdeftydkif;tjcm;tvdkufykwfjywfvkyfjcif; uefx&dkufrSyif&if;uefx&dkuftxdvkyftm;c/ tdkwDa-u;/ tvkyfydwf&ufvkyftm;c/ epfem a-u;/ txl;epfema-u;/ tydkaqmif;aiGwdk@tm;wm0ef,l&rnfjzpfonf//

5=tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;wm0ef&Sdol.tm%mESifhvkyfydkifcGifh (1)puf&HkwGif;odk@0ifa&mufItvkyfcGiftajctae/ Oya'rSowfrSwfxm;aomtvkyfo rm;pm&if;rSwfwrf;/ vkyftm;cay;jcif;ESifhoufqdkifaompm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ppfaq;jcif;?

(2)tvkyf&Siftm;Oya'twdkif;vdkufem&eftrdef@xkwfjcif;?

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68

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69

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70

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71

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72

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73

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74

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75

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76

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77

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83

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84

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85

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86

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4=tvkyform;odk@r[kwf tcsuftvufay;oltm;rSefuefa-umif;taxmuftxm;tjzpfvufrSwf a&;xdk;xm;ap&rnf? ar;jref;csuftm;ajzqdkolESifhpum;jyeftm;vnf;vufrSwfa&;xdk;ap&rnf? c=tjzpfrSefar;jref;jcif;acgif;pOfrsm; 1=udk,fa&;&mZ0if • trnf (xdkif;§jrefrm) touf/ vlrsdK;/ edKifiHom; • tdrfaxmifa&;tajctae/ om;orD;/ tdrfaxmifzuf/ rdb • ynma&;/ wwfu|rf;onfhbmompum; • Zmwd( jrdK@/ jynfe,f/ edKifiH) vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

87

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

• rlvedKifiHrStaxmuftxm; • xdkif;edKifiHwGif;&SdvufrSwfeHygwf/ aexdkifcGifh(ทร.38/1 , tjcm;) • taxmuftxm;wGifyg&Sdaomae&yfvdyfpm • trSefwu,faexdkifaomae&yfvdyfpm • vpOftoHk;p&dwf 2=xdkif;edkifiHwGif;odk@0ifa&mufvmr+ESifhywfoufaomtcsuftvufrsm; • xdkif;edKifiHwGif;aexdkifcJhaomESpf • 0ifa&mufvmaomvrf;a-umif; • 0ifa&mufvmaomenf;vrf; • 0ifa&mufvm&jcif;ta-umif;t&if; 3=vkyfief;cGifESifhygwfoufaomtcsuftvufrsm; • rlvedKifiHwGifaexdkifpOftvkyftudkif/ vkyftm;c • vkyfcJhzl;onfhvkyfief;/ ae&m/ vkyftm;c/ tvkyfrSxGuf&jcif;ta-umif;t&if; • vuf&Sdtvkyf.ae&yfvdyfpm • tvkyfpwif0ifa&mufonfh&ufpGJ/ tvkyfaemufqHk;vkyfcJhonfh&ufpGJ • vkyfief;yHkpHESifhtrsdK;tpm; • tvkyfcsdef • tvkyfem;&uf • vkyftm;cESifhvkyftm;cxkwfay;r+ • vkyfief;cGiftajctae • tvkyfvkyfcGifhvufrSwf/ ukefusp&dwfxkwfay;ol/ rnfodk@/ rnfr# 4=jy\emyHkpH • jzpfygG;aom&ufpGJ • csdK;azguf&jcif;ta-umif;t&if;§jy\emyHkpH 1=vkyftm;c/ tdkwDa-u;/ tvkyfem;&uftvkyfqif;&aoma-umifhvkyftm;cESifhtdkwDa-u; 2=tvkyfrSxkwfcH&jcif;/ rw&m;tvkyfxkwfjcif;/ epfema-u; 3=vHkjcHKa&;/ usef;rma&; ESifhvkyfief;cGif.ywf0ef;usif 4=rw&m;tvkyfcdkif;apjcif;/ uav;tvkyform;/ trsdK;orD;tvkyform; 5=tvkyfcsdefwGif;xdcdkufr+/ zsm;emjcif; 6=w&m;rr+ 7=&mZ0wfr+ • tvkyform;ESifhygwfoufaomtaxGaxGtajctaersm; • tvkyf&SifESifhywfoufaomtaxGaxGtajctaersm; • tvkyfiSm;&rf;r+yHkpH 5=ysufpD;qHk;&H+;r+ 1=tvkyform;iSm;&rf;jcif; 2=csdK;azgufr+twGufukefusp&dwf vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

88

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

3=tjcm;ukefusp&dwfrsm; 6=t}uHay;jcif;/ vrf;n$efjcif;/ vkyfaqmifr+tqihfqifh 7=qufoG,fjcif;/ n$ef-um;jcif; 8=vdktyfaompm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;/ v$Jajymif;ay;ol 9=vdktyfaompm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;/ v$Jajymif;ay;ol 10=tusdK;jzpfxGef;edKifaomtjcm;tcsuftvufrsm; c=qufvufaqmif&Gufjcif; tjzpfrSef&&SdjyD;aomtcga&S@aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm; qufvufaqmif&Gufr+rsm;jzpfaom tvkyform;Oy a'tumtuG,fay;a&;&Hk;rSwm0ef&Sdolrsm;xHwdkif-um;csufrydk@rDESifh/ tedrfhqHk;tvkyform;w&m;&Hk; odk@wdkif -um;jcif;rjyKrDa&S @aexH.aqG;aEG;t}uHay;csufrsm;t&jyDd;t jzpfrSefrsm;ESifh oufao taxmuftxm;rsm; tm;pkpnf;&rnfjzpfonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

89

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

tcef;12 ynmjzef@a0&efv+yf&Sm;r+ESifhtjcm;vkyfief;pOfrsm;? &nf&G,fcsuf? a&S@aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm;rdrd. wm0efESifh0wW&m;rsm;tm;em;vnfoabmaygufap &efjzpfonf? txl;ojzifhynmjzef@a0&efv+yf&Sm;r+ESifhrl0g'ESifhOya'rsm;tm;ydkrdkusifhoHk;edKif&ef a&$@ ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;.tcGifhta&;tm;apmifha&Smufjcif;/ulnDyHhydk;ay;vkyfief; rsm;onf ta&;}uD;ayonf? oifwef;ydk@csr+tpDtpOf oifwef;rSL;ESifhoifwef;om;rsm;tawG@t}uHKESifhtodynmrsm;zvS,fjcif;?

1?a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;.vl@tcGifhta&;ESifhygwfoufIulnDtm;ay;jcif;? a&S@aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm; tjrJwrf;em;vnfxm;&rnfhtcsufrSm a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm; tm;Oya'qdkif&mulnDr+ay;jcif;onfa&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;.vl@tcGifhta&;tm;apmifha&Smufjcif;eSifhulnD yHhydk;r+vkyfief;. tydkif;tpwckomjzpfa-umif; em;vnfxm;&rnf? Oya'qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;onf pnf;urf; ESifhuef@owfydkif;jcm;r+&Sdonf? Oya'jyXmef;csufrsm;wGif tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm;rSwif;vdkufem usifhoHk;ap&efaqmif &Gufr+enf;vrf;rsm;&Sdonf? w&m;&Hk;.Oya'qdkif&mt"dy`g,fowfrSwfcsuf/ tr+udpPaqmif&Gufaom0efxrf;. wm0ef/ Oyrm= tvkyform;qufpyfr+Oya'aumfrwDponfwdk@yg0ifonf? txl;ojzifh xdkwm0ef&Sdolrsm; onf vl@tcGifhta&;ESifhygwfoufI em;vnfoabmaygufr+r&Sdjcif;ESifh tr+udpPrsm;wGifcGJjcm;aqmif&Guf&eft awG;tac:rsm;&Sdjcif;a-umifha&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;twGuftE+wfvuQ%maqmifaom tpdk;&.rl0g'ESifhvl r+a&;qdkif&mawG;ac:r+rsm;jzpfonf? xdk@a-umifh a&S@aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm;onf tjcm;tzGJ@tpnf;toD;oD;rS vlrsm;ESifhyl;aygif;It vkyform;rsm;tm;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh vlr+todkif;t0dkif;rSvl@tcGifhta&; tm;rSefuefpGmoabmaygufem;vnf &efzdtm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf?a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tay:taygif;vuQ%maqmifonfhu|rf;usifr+&Sd&ef rl0g 'tm;jyKjyifjcif;/ Oya'tm;ajymif;vJjcif;/ tvkyf&SifESifhtpdk;&wdk@.vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;onfa&$@ajymif;tvkyfo rm;rsm;.vl@tcGifhta&;apmifha&Smufr+tm;ydkrdkIaumif;rGefa&;twGufulnDyHhydk;edKif&eftwGufa&S @aeESifhtjcm; Oya'nm&Sifrsm;tm;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;wGiftm;jznfhay;&rnfjzpfonf?

2? rl0g'ESifhaqmif&Gufr+ydkif;qdkif&majymif;vJ&eftwGuftusdK;jzpfxGef;apaomtr+erlem a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; Oya'qdkif&mtaxGaxGtultnDay;jcif; tjyiferlemtjzpfESifhpHt jzpfxm;&SdedKifaomtr+rsm;tm; a&S@aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm; txl;pdwf0ifpm;r+tjynfht0xm;&rnf? Oy rm= a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;onf w&m;r0ifaoma-umifhavsmfa-u;&HyHkaiGrSavsmfa-u;&ydkifcGifh&Sdr&Sd/ t vkyform;qufqHa&;Oya' bDtD; 2522 t& a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm; or*~wnfaxmifr+wm;jrpf onfhjyXmef;csufESifh tvkyform;or*~aumfrwDonf zGJ@pnf;yHktajccHOya'ESifhudkufnDr+&Sdr&Sdpaomtwm;t qD;rsm;ESifh}uHKawG@edKifonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

90

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

3? Oya'tm;rSefuefaomtawG;tac:jzifhtxl;avhvmjcif; a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm;onf a&S @ae/ Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;/ tvkyform;rsm;/ tvkyform; acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifhaqG;aEG;r+rsm;/ Oya'ta-umif;t&mESifhygwfoufIavhvmr+rsm;/ wm0efrJhaqmif&Gufr+ rsm;tm;aqG;aEG;&efjzpfonf? a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;.tcGifhta&;rsm;tm;uef@owfay;Itpdk;&tzGJ@t pnf;ESifhtifef*sDtdkrsm;tm;jzef@a0r+jyK&rnfjzpfonf? avhvmjcif;tpD&ifpmtm;rsm;jym;pGmwifjyrnfr[kwfyg? vG,fulpGmem;vnfedKifaombmom&yf jzifh a&;om;xm;jyD;jzpf&yfrSefrsm;/ jzpfyGg;cJhaomtr+rsm;/ Oya'ta-umif;rsm;ESifhta-umif;&if;rsm;/tjcm;ygwf oufr+rsm;tm; t}uHjyKcsufrsm;yg0ifaz:jyxm;rnfjzpfonf?

4?a&$@ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tcGifhta&;ESifhygwfoufIjzef@a0onfhv+yf&Sm;r+rsm;tm;tm;ay;ulnDjcif;? u?vkyfaqmifr+tqifhrsm; a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;ESifhrdom;pk0ifrsm;.tcGifhta&;qdkif&mulnDyHh ydk;r+ay;&ef tm;ay;r+rsm;wGifa&S @aetaxmuftuljyKolrsm;taeESifhatmufygtwdkif;aqmif&Guf&rnf?

(1)ta-umif;t&mudkxif&Sm;pGmowfrSwf&rnf? Oyrm= a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;tm;aqmuf vkyfa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifvkyfief;cGiftEW&m,fuif;a&;&Sdap&ef?

(2)tzGJ@0ifrsm;ESifhr[mrdwfrsm;owfrSwfjcif;/ jy\emtrsm;tm;twGif;ususavhvmedKif&efaqG; aEG;nSde+dif;jcif;/ jzpfyGg;cJhaomjy\em. ta-umif;t&if;rsm;onf taygif;vuQ%mESifh tE+wfvuQ%mtjzpf rSwfwrf;xm;&SdedKif&ef/ jzef@a0r+vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufr+wGifOD;wnfcsufowfrSwfjcif;/ atmifjrif&eftcsdefum vtm; a&&Snf/ a&wdk / tawmftoifhponfjzifhowfrSwfcsuf&Sd&ef?

(3)Oya'&+axmifht&tjzpfrSefrsm;/ aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;/ jy\emrsm;ponfh tcsuftvufpkaqmif; jcif;// (4)vkyfaqmifr+tzGJ@owfrSwfjcif;/ pDrHcsufa&;qGJjcif;/ wm0efcGJa0jcif;ESifhaqmif&Gufjcif;?

(5)ynmay;jcif;/rSefuefaomtcsuftvufrsm;ay;jcif;a-umifhxifjrifcsufenf;vrf; ajymif;vJjcif;ESifh em;vnfr+wnfqmufjcif;// (6)tqufrjywfaqmif&Gufjcif;/ jy\emESifhtcuftcJrsm;tm; r-umc%oHk;oyfjcif;jzifhtajctae ESifhudkufnD&eftwGufenf;AsL[majymif;vJjcif;? c? jzef@a0a&;v+yf&Sm;r+tay:xifjrifcsuf (1)atmifjrifr+r&&SdrDS atmufygtqifhrsm;udkausmfjzwf&rnfjzpfonf? =em;vnfr+todpdwfESifhynm&Sd&rnf? =rSefuefonf[kcH,ledKifaomtcsuftvuf&Sd&rnf? =rl0g'ESifhenf;AsL[majymif;vJ&mwGifatmifjrifr+&Sd&rnf? =rl0g'twdkif;aocsmpGmvkyfaqmifjcif;(odk@)tjyKtrlajymif;vJjcif;&Sd&rnf?

(2)OD;wnfaomtkyfpktvdkufvkyfaqmifr+uGJjym;jcif;/ Oyrm= =zsufodrf;&efqHk;jzwfcGifhtm%m&Sdol/ Oyrm=rl0g'owfrSwfol =pmayESifhtvkyf vkyfol =jynfol0efxrf;taxGaxGtusdK;jyKv+yf&Sm;r+ =tzGJ@0ifESifhr[mrdwfwnfaqmufjcif; (3)xif&Sm;aomatmifjrifr+.OD;wnfcsufonfxdkordkif;a-umif;twGufa&&Snf/ a&wdkESifhtv,ft vwfOD;wnfcsufjzpfonf?

(4)SMARTaom&nf&G,fcsufrSm =owfrSwfcsuftwGuftwdtusjzpfaom(Specifity) Oyrm= a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform; rsm;tm; avsmfa-u;&HyHkaiGrS avsmfa-u; &&SdydkifcGifh&Sdapjcif;/ a&$ @ajymif; tvkyform;rsm;. om;orD;rsm;ynmoif-um;cGifh&Sdapjcif;? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

91

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

=tusdK;wdkif;wmedKifjcif;(Measurable) Oyrm=a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;avsmfa-u;&ef yHkaiG0ifcGifh&&Sd&efpnf;urf;Oya'xkwfjcif;// =jyD;jynfhpHkaomtusdK;&&Sdjcif;(Achievable) taygif;vuQ%mESifhtE+wfvuQ%mtajct aeta-umif;&if;t&yf&yftm;oHk;oyfjcif;? =jy\emrsm;tm;tusdK;jzpfaponf(Relevant) &nf&G,fcsuf.tusdK;onfjy\em.t"d uaomhcsuftm;tusdK;oufa&mufapItajctaewdk;wufr+&Sdr&Sd? =aqmif&Gufr+ tcsdeftwdkif;twm&Sd&rnf?(Timed) tcsdeftwdkif;twmESifhowfrSwfxm; onfhaiGa-u;atmufwGifvkyfaqmif&rnf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

92

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

aemufqufwGJ

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

93

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

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94

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95

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96

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97

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98

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

99

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100

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

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aqmif&Gufcsuf omwlnDr#jcif;ESifhcGJjcm;qufqHjcif; tkyfpk 4 omreft&yfom;rsm;tm;tcGefaqmif&efwGufcsufr+jyK&mwGif tpdk;&rS trsdK;tpm;owfrSwf&mY0ifaiGrsm;aomolrS0ifaiGenf;aomolxuftcGefaiG ydkIay;qmif&rnf? ar;cGef; xdkodk@tcGefaumuf,ljcif;onfonf omwlnDr#r+tcsufESihfudkufnDr+&Sd r&SdESifhcGJjcm;aom rw&m;r+onfhvkyfaqmifr+ [kwfr[kwfudkta-umif;jycsuf ESifhwuG &Sif;jyyg? vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

101

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

102

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1.

2.

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

103

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3.

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

104

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105

:

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3............................................................... touf................ ESpf F tvkyfvkyf F ausmif;ae/ 0ifaiG vkyfief;cGifyHkp.H .......................................................................................................................................................

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

106

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

qufoG,fedKifaomzkef;eHygwf vufudkifzkef;....................................................... tdrfzkef;.............................................................. qufoG,f&rnfhol....................................................................... ygwfoufr.+ .................................................... wdkif-um;r+ESifhygwfoufaomjzpf&yfrSefrsm; Ftvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya' bDtD; 2541 F taxmuftxm;vufrSwf F avsmfa-u;Oya' bDtD; 2537 F&mZ0wf Ftjcm;az:jy&ef............................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ................................................................................................................................................................................... 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107

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4......................................................................................................................................................................... a&S @ae.xifjrifcsuf ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ...................................................................................................................................................................................

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

108

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

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109

a&$ @ajymif;tvkyform;rsm;Oya'.tusdK;tm;r#wpGmcHpm;edKif&efESifhtaxmuftuljyKedKif&ef twGuf a&S @aetaxmuftuljyKoifwef;vufpGJ

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(2) ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................... ........ vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

110

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awmif;qdkcsufyHkpHคร.7

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1? u|Ekfyf armif/ r........................................................................................................................ rSwfyHkwiftrSwf ......................................................................................................................................... xkwfay;onfhae&m ................................... xkwfay;onfh&ufpGJ ............................................................. ukefqHk;onfh&ufpGJ.................................... edKifiHom; .................................. tvkyfvkyfcGifhvufrSwfeHygwf(&Sdygu) .................................................... touf................ ESpf/ vuf&Sdae&yfvdyfpm ................. &yfuGuf .........................vrf; .............................. e,f/ c&dkifcGJ .......................................................... jrdK@e,f.......................................................................... c&dkif............................... pmwdkuftrSwf.....................................zkef;eHygwf................................................ tvkyform;ppfaq;a&;t&m&SdxHodk@wdkif-um;jcif; ( )tvkyform; ( )tvkyform;.w&m;0ifaqGrsdK; armif/ r............................................................................. rSwfyHkwiftrSwf ...................................................................................................................................... aoqHk;vufrSwftrSwf.............................................. xkwfay;onfae&m................................................. edKifiHom;......................................... tvkyfvkyfcGifhvufrSwf ..................................................................... awmfpyfyHk.......................................................

2?tvkyform;tvkyfvkyfaomtvkyf&Hktrnf......................................................................................... ydkif&Sif/ refae*sm armif/ r ............................................. vkyfief;trsdK;tpm; ......................................... ae&yfvdyfpm ................ &yfuGuf ............ vrf;............................... e,f/ jrdK@e,fcGJ .................................... jrdK@e,f ..................................... c&dkif ............................... pmwdkuftrSwf.................................................. zkefg;eHygwf............................................................. teD;w0dkuf&Sd ............................................................... tvkyform;tvkyfvkyfonfhae&m .......... &yfuGuf........ . vrf;........................ jrdK@e,fcGJ............................ jrdK@e,f............................. c&dkif .................................... pmwdkuftrSwf ........................................................ zkef;eHygwf ................................................... eD;pyfr+&Sdaomae&m ...................................................................

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

111

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3? tvkyform;tvkyfpwif0ifa&mufaomae@ ................................ ae@xd ................................ ,l&onfhwm0ef .......................................... Xme...................................................................... tvkyf}uD;-uyfoltrnf OD;/ a': ................................. &&Sdaomvkyftm;c. ..................... bwf /em&D /&uf /v tvkyfjyD;ajrmufr+twdkif;w'gZif ........... wvv#if&&Sdaomvkyftm;c........................ bwf / em&D / &uf / v 4?tvkyform;onfwvv#iftvkyf..................... &uf/ w&ufv#if....................... em&D/ tvkyfpcsdef ................ em&DrS............... em&Dxd tem;,lcsdef............ em&DrS .................. em&Dxd 5?vkyftm;cay;jcif;ESifhygwfoufIowfrSwfcsufrsm; 5=1? vkyftm;c xkwfay;onfh&ufpGJ.....................................................

5=2?tcdsefydkvkyftm;c xkwfay;onfh&ufpGJ ...................................................

5=3?tvkyfydwf&uftvkyfqif; onfhvkyftm;c xkwfay;onfh&ufpGJ .....................................................

5=4?tvkyfydwf&uftcsdefydkvkyf tm;c xkwfay;onfh&ufpGJ ......................................................

6? wdkif-um;&jcif;ta-umif;&if;......................................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................

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1=10? tedrfhqHk;vkyftm;cpkpkaygif;aiG .................... bwf.(...........................................) vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

112

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awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm;vHk;onfrSefuefaomtcsuftvufrsm;jzpfa-umif;tmrcHygonf? vufrSwf ........................................... awmif;qdkol ( .......................................... )

rSwfcsuf= oifwifjyaomvlwOD;.owif;tcsuftvufrsm;t&awmif;qdkcsuftm;-um;emrnfjzpfjyD; tvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya'bDtD; 2541 yk'fr=124 t&trdef@xkwfrnfjzpfonf? vlr+zlvHka&;&Hk;odk@ vnf;awmif;qdkcsufrsm;rStvkyfr&Sdaomjy\emtm;taxmuftuljyKedKif&eftwGufwifjyvdrfhrnfjzpfonf?

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

113

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

114

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tm%may;tyfjcif;

tr+pzGifhonfhtrSwf________/25_____ tr+jyD;qHk;onfhtrSwf _______/ 25____ w&m;&Hk;________________________________ &ufpGJ ____ v ______________ ckESp_f _____ tr+___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________w&m;vdk t-um; _______________________________________________________________ w&m;cH u|Efkyf________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________tm; tdrftrSw_f _______/ ___________&yfuGuf________________________vrf;__________________ vrf;oG,f__________________ESifhteD;wGif&Sdaom_________________e,f____________________ jrdK@e,f__________________ c&dkif / zkef;eHygwf ______________________ u|Efkyfudk,fpm;atmufygtr+udpPrsm;tm;aqmif&GufedKif&eftm%may;tyfygonf? ay:aygufvmaomjy \emrsm; tm;wm0ef,lygrnf? ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ vufrSwf ______________________________tm%may;tyfol vufrSwf ______________________________tm%may;tyfol vufrSwf________________________________ oufao vufrSwf ________________________________oufao

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

115

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a&S @aecef@tyfjcif;

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

116

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a&S@aetjzpfvufcHjcif; u|Efkyf____________________________________________________________________ a&S@aetqifh ______ cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf_______________ tr+udpPaqmif&Guf&efcGifhjyKcsuf____________ &Hk;ae&yfvdyfpmtrSwf ____________/ ________________&yfuGuf ________________________ vrf; __________________ vrf;oG,fteD; _________________ e,f ____________________ jrdK@e,f ____________________ c&dkif _________________ zkef;eHygwf______________________ _____________________________________________________.a&S @aetjzpf/ tr+udpPtm;Oya't wdkif;aqmif&GufedKif&efvufcHygonf? a&S @ae ______________________________

trdef@ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ w&m;ol}uD; ________________________

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

117

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1?______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

rSwfcsuf?

? trdef@tm;apmifhqdkif;aeonf// rapmifhyguod&SdjyD;[k,lqrnf? ____________________________ wdkif-um;ol

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

118

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{ (รง.๑) tvkyform;tr+wdkif-um;jcif;

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

119

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1? w&m;cHrSvdkufemjcif;r&Sdygu tvkyfiSm;&rf;onfhpmcsKyf tvkyfcGifwGif;pnf;urf;owfrSwfcsuf vkyfief;cGifyHkpHESifhygwfoufIoabm tvkyform;umuG,fa&;Oya' wlcsuf tvkyform;qufpyfa&;Oya' vlr+zlvHka&;tmrcH tjcm;Oya'rsm;.............................................. ta-umif;t&m ................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................... ........................................... ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................. .............................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

120

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{

(รง.๑) tvkyform;tr+aemufqufwGJwdkif-um;csufrsm; w&m;&Hk;rSw&m;cHtm;0&rf;xkwfIac:,lppfaq;IpD&ifcsufcsedKif&ef atmufygtwdkif;aqmif&GufedKifonf?

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

121

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

122

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

123

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

124

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

125

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......................................................................... Oya'twdkif;pDpOf&efwm0ef&Sdol aemufqHk;wGiftrnfyg&Sdolu|Efkyfonf0&rf;wGifyg&Sdaomtcsufrsm;tm;od&Sdppfaq;jyD;jzpfonf?

_______________________________________

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

126

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1?......................................................................................................................................................................

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

127

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

128

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vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

129

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trsdK;tpm; 2 (tcsdef 1 &uf)

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t}uD;tuJtm;wifjyIwm0ef,lrnfholtm;wm0efay;tyfjcif; (1&uf)

vl@tcGifhta&;wdk;wufr+jrSifhwifa&;azgifa';&Sif;( armapmfazm )ESifhtjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJ@csKyf ( ILO )

130

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139

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140

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142

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Burmese Labor Solidarity Organization (BLSO) Burmese Labor Solidarity Organization (BLSO) Joint Action Committee (JAC) Karen Youth Organization (KYO) Karen Youth Organization (KYO) Burma Lawyers’ Council (BLC) Burma Lawyers’ Council (BLC) Social Action for Woman (SAW) Social Action for Woman (SAW) Federation of Trade Unions Burma (FTUB) Federation of Trade Unions Burma (FTUB) Federation of Trade Unions Burma (FTUB) Federation of Trade Unions Burma (FTUB)

Labor Law Clinic (LLC) Labor Law Clinic (LLC) Labor Law Clinic (LLC)

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143

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144

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