Road TheChapterPeaceto4.Restoration of Order and Relation in the Human World
4 The Restoration of Order and Relation in the Human World Chapter Section 1 Order Section 2 Order and Peace Section 3 Restoration of Order and Relation in the Human World
Just as there is order in nature, there is also order in human society. Just as the disruption of natural order threatens the survival of all living things, a disorder in human society threatens the safety and peace of its members. Order is the basis for the harmonious living of various members of society.
Understanding and respect for each other are essential here. However, greed and selfishness create cracks in the social order. A society with a broken order becomes uncontrollable, and anxiety and tension ensue, with peace and stability ceasing to exist. Therefore, there must be a restoration of order to achieve peace. First, there must be a restoration of the individual’s inner self. Then, the local community, the state, and the international community must work together to establish a peaceful order.
Overview
In all chaos there is a cosmos, in all disorder a secret order.
Carl Gustav Jung (Swiss psychiatrist, 1875-1961)
SECTION Section Order1 # What role does order play, and why is it important?
What do the countless objects consist of, of which we can see, touch, and feel? When all living things are broken down into the smallest unit, from living animals, plants, microorganisms, and inanimate objects, they are composed of about 100 elements. Elements are the fundamental constituents
01 1. Order 5
1) The order of nature
Nature is orderly. The solar system and the earth move in a specific order, maintaining a certain order through circulation and balance. Even the natural order has so few errors, accurate and unchanging, that it can be organized into mathematical formulas. Let’s take a closer look at the order of nature and human society and understand what role it plays and its importance. 1. The order of nature and human society
Road to Peace 6
1 Valence shell: the outermost shell of any atom of matter, and amongst them, let us look at the elements that make up the human body for a moment. A human body is composed of about 50-70% water, and the elements that make up water are hydrogen (element symbol: H) and oxygen (element symbol: O). In addition, the body’s muscles are composed of protein, and protein is made up of carbon (element symbol: C) . Bone is composed mainly of calcium (element symbol: Ca). The periodic table is an arrangement of these elements at a glance according to a particular order and rule. When the Russian scientist Mendeleev Dimitry first announced in 1869, there were 63 types of discovered elements. In 2016, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUAPC) registered 118 elements in the periodic table. It is truly astonishing how all things can be explained only by combinations of over 100 elements. Therefore, chemists say that understanding the elements will help us better understand our world. If elements are the basic constituents of matter, atoms are the fundamental particles that make up matter. At the center of an atom, an atomic nucleus is composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons, and negatively character electrons move around the atom’s nucleus. Atoms have the octet rule, which states that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell.1) The valence shell of an atom is most stable when it has eight electrons. For example, when six electrons are in the outermost shell, an additional two electrons are required. In this way, nature is very orderly from the smallest constituent unit.
The Earth orbits around the sun once a day, and it rotates at 1,600 km/h without a break for 24 hours on a tilted axis. The axis of rotation tilts at an angle of 23.5 degrees, and it plays a key role in creating the four seasons by changing meridian
2 Meridian altitude: Altitude when the sun is at its highest during the day 3 Some parasitic plants becausephotosynthesizecannottheydo not have chloroplasts, and on the contrary, animals such as aphids can carotenoidbecausephotosynthesizetheyhavepigments.
4 Carotenoids are plant pigments that are high in red, yellow, and orange fruits and vegetables, Zaxanthin.Cryptoxanthin,lutein,beta-carotene,alpha-carotene,includingLycopene,and altitude2) according to the earth’s position in its orbit. At high altitudes, the amount of time the sunlight strikes the surface of the earth increases, and the greater the amount of solar energy the earth receives, the higher the temperature. Conversely, at low altitudes, the duration of the sun shining on the surface of the earth is shorter. Thus, the solar energy that the earth’s surface receives is smaller, which decreases the temperature. Therefore, the section of the orbit with high meridian altitudes becomes summer, and the area with the lowest elevation becomes winter. If the axis of rotation plays a role in creating the four seasons, the earth’s rotation promotes the earth’s energy cycle. As the day and night change, the solar energy absorbed by the earth’s surface does not stay in one place but circulates. In particular, the earth’s rotation affects the convection of the atmosphere and seawater, helping to spread solar energy evenly. Like this, Earth maintains its cycle and balance in an orderly state. Most plants have pigments for photosynthesis. 3) Green chlorophyll and red, yellow, and brown carotenoid4) pigments are involved in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is also referred to Figure 1-1 Earth’s rotation
1. Order 7
Road to Peace 8
Israel’s Weizmann Institute of Science has found rules for how worker ants carry food.5) According to their roles, worker ants are classified into ‘cleaning ants,’ ‘nurture ants,’ and ‘forager ants.’ The forager ants make up about 10% of the entire colony, and they do not immediately carry food when they find it. It measures the hunger level of its colony and takes only the amount of food needed for the entire colony. In other words, they see that the randomly encountered fellow ants represent the general hunger level of the swarm and thus carry the appropriate amount of food. If all forager ants behave in this way, they will approach the amount of food needed for the entire colony.
Ant colonies are also called kingdoms maintained by the power of order. Ants move in an orderly manner according to their assigned roles, and each ant is faithful to its duties, overcoming dangerous situations and breeding. In particular, there are strict rules for how worker ants perform their duties.
5 Efrat Greenwald,Esther Lior Baltiansky, Ofer Feinerman, Weizmann Institute of Science, Individual crop loads provide local control for collective food intake in ant colonies (2018) as ‘green blood’ because of its similar structure to hemoglobin.
The difference is the central element, in which the essential element of hemoglobin is iron (Fe), whereas, for chlorophyll, it is magnesium (Mg). German chemist Richard Willstätter, who discovered this, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1915 for his work on chlorophyll. Plants prepare for winter in autumn, and during this time, plants actively decompose magnesium-containing chlorophyll to store magnesium. When chlorophyll degrades, the newly created red anthocyanins and yellow and brown carotenoids appear in the autumn leaves. In the spring of the following year, the stored magnesium is used to make new chlorophyll. The photosynthesis of plants and the fact that the leaves change every year are possible because of these hidden rules and orders.
1. Order 9
6 Shihuangdi of the Qin Dynasty (BC 259–210): Unified divided China and completed the Great Wall of China.
At first glance, all things seem to move freely and without order, but in reality, each one has strict rules and lives by fulfilling its functions and duties. If the Earth did not orbit with a constant inclination, there would be no change in seasons, and the various aspects of nature would not be visible. Also, if ants do not have certain rules of behavior, it won’t be easy to provide adequate food to the herd. Since all things move in an orderly fashion with rules, no matter how many individuals live together, there is no confusion. Rather, they harmonize and coexist, creating a beautiful landscape.
2) Order in human society
Let’s start by thinking about why order is necessary for human society. Shihuangdi of the Qin Dynasty6) was the first to unite China into one empire, which had been divided into seven countries. In addition, it is said that the seven countries used different weights and measures to prevent confusion in communication. As international exchanges increase even today, many countries use the ‘Système international d’unités (SI)’ as a standard. In the ‘International System of Units,’ the unit to measure length is the meter (m), for mass, the kilogram (kg) , and for time, the seconds (s) . Thus, the ‘International System of Units’ is also called the ‘MKS System of Units.’ Additionally, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is the worldwide time standard. Academic exchange, trade, commerce, travel, and communication would be difficult if weights and measures differed for each country. Also, if there is no standard time, there would be disruption in all activities because it will be difficult to keep time with each other during exchanges between countries. Creating order in this way is very important for the members of the state and society to
Violation of the law is punishable. Second, although not institutionalized by law, some rules are implicitly set to be followed. These include ‘morals,’ ‘etiquette,’ and ‘social rules’ that must be kept between people.
Road to Peace 10
The types of laws differ from country to country. However, in general, there are laws on education, culture, science, technology, commerce, industry, trade, finance, land, construction, transportation, environment, water resources, energy use, food sanitation, health, labor, social welfare, tourism, information, and communication, etc. Additionally, in each field, there are specific provisions that are followed. For example, the detailed provision that all citizens shall not be discriminated against in education based on gender, religion, race, belief, or social status is an orderly aspect for the school to teach students without discrimination. Furthermore, the law acts as a safeguard to prevent the collapse of social order in that it has the coercive force to punish those who do not comply.
Next, let’s look at the types of orders. Human society can be divided into two major categories, and the first is the ‘law,’ such as the constitution, laws, orders, rules, and ordinances.
communicate with each other and develop jointly.
Etiquette can be divided into speech and manners, but
‘Morality,’ ‘etiquette,’ and ‘social rules’ that members of a society agree on and adhere to are also order. Morality is a value or pattern of behavior that is considered right and good according to social norms. Although morality is not as binding as the law, it is a value that many members of society agree with, and thus, people will criticize you if you decide to go against it. For example, morals are not making a fuss in public, not lying, not interrupting, and protecting the weak.
‘Social rules’ include company bylaws and the organization’s distinctive culture. Generally, each company has established regulations regarding commuting hours, meetings, reports, etc. Also, each organization has a different culture. For example, Apple is a ‘rank-driven organization’ where members work together around strong leadership. All the while, Google is a ‘role-driven organization’ that grants autonomous responsibilities according to each role without strong leadership. Although the cultures of the two organizations are very different, it shows that any organization can develop soundly if its members keep order within the organization.
manners differ in each country due to cultural differences. Generally, there are family etiquette, dining etiquette, communication etiquette with friends and colleagues, greeting etiquette, and conversation etiquette. For example, when you call a waiter to place an order in a French restaurant, you usually don’t raise your hand but rather talk quietly or make eye contact. Furthermore, if you are invited to someone’s house, it is polite to leave no food behind because if food is unfinished, the host will think it was because the food did not taste good. In contrast, in most countries in East Asia, it is common to call an employee in a restaurant with a hand gesture and a loud voice. In China, people prefer to have a little left over than to leave an empty plate because the host will think that they did not provide the guests sufficiently.
1. Order 11
2. The importance and role of order Law, morals, etiquette, and social rules play an important role beyond simply making others feel good and maintaining
Road to Peace 12
7 windows/304465/broken-archive/1982/03/com/magazine/theatlantic.https://www. a comfortable relationship. Its role is to protect the members of society and form a social safety net. Anthropologist Joseph Henrich of the University of British Columbia, Canada, claimed that a person’s survival depends on how well they comply with social norms. According to his book, The Secret of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter, people are not fast, not good at camouflage, nor are they particularly good with sight and hearing. However, how were they able to survive without being eaten by other animals? The reason was that humanity had social norms. Social norms have helped humanity survive in any harsh environment. For example, humankind has created various laws and rules whenever a problem threatens survival, such as disaster, war, or disease. Furthermore, all moved in perfect order according to the regulations, desperately trying to solve the issue or minimize damage.The‘broken windows theory’ was first proposed in 1982 by American criminologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling.7) The theory is that criminal behaviors spread in Figure 1-2 1970 New York subway
8 Kees Keizer, Siegwart Lindenberg, Linda Steg, The Spreading of Disorder, Science, 12 Dec 2008: Vol. 322, Issue 5908, pp. 16811685 neighborhoods or disorder, such as leaving broken windows unattended. In the 1980s, this theory was applied in a case and reflected in social policy in New York. At that time, the subway security was so bad that there was a rumor amongst tourists that they would never take the subway in New York. New York City applied the Broken Window Theory from 1984 to 1990 to erase all graffiti in the subway and create a clean environment. As a result, crime in the New York subway has plummeted.Letusconsider
1. Order 13
another case study of the importance of social norms. This case study was conducted in 2008 by Dr. Kees Keizer’s research team at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. 8) This experiment consisted of two contrasting situations. In one case, there was temporary graffiti on a bicycle parking lot near a shopping mall, while the other case was at the same location but completely cleaned. Then, a leaflet was hung on the handle of a parked bicycle. The bike owner has to remove the leaflet from the handlebar to ride the bike, but there are no trashcans nearby. Will the bike owner take the flyer or throw it on the ground? About 70% threw their flyers on the floor in a disordered environment covered Figure 1-3 2008 New York Subway
9
Road to Peace 14
10lity2018px?campaignid=Liveabipublic/topical_report.ashttps://www.eiu.com/https://www.statista.com/chart/4470/the-countries-winning-the-recycling-race/ in graffiti. In contrast, in a clean and tidy environment, only about 30% of them threw their leaflet on the floor. The rate of discarding leaflets in a disordered environment was more than twice as Vienna,high.Austria, took first place in ‘The most liveable city in the world 2018’ published by the Economist Intelligence Unit, a British weekly economic magazine. 9) The most significant factor in taking the first place was Vienna’s clean streets and environment. Vienna’s clean environment results from all citizens’ participation, not one person’s efforts. In addition to thorough garbage collection, citizens’ collective efforts to not dump garbage have made streets clean. Austria has a detailed classification of garbage collection lists and made detailed rules to separate collections according to preference. According to the German statistical data site ‘statista,’ Austria ranked fourth among OECD countries in 2013 in The Countries Winning The Recycling Race.10) As in the above cases, order plays an important role in protecting members of society and forming a social safety net. Conversely, if the order is disrupted, an unfriendly environment is created for people to live in, and the crime rate rises, threatening safety.
Road to Peace memo
Order means light and peace, liberty and free command self; is power.
Henri-Frédéric Amiel (Swiss-French writer, 1821-1881)
inward
order
over one's
Nature maintains order through diversity, harmony, balance, and cooperation. The natural order is the driving force that has prospered life on Earth for billions of years. If the natural order is broken, the survival of all living things on Earth will be significantly affected. Likewise, order exists in the human world, and order is closely related to peace. When society and the state are in proper order, the lives and safety of its members are protected. However, in a chaotic society where the order is broken, conflicts and disputes frequently occur, and members feel threatened for their lives and safety. Let’s take a closer look at how order and peace are related.
SECTION 02
1. Disorder destroys peace 1) Greed destroys order From 1929 to 1939, starting with the United States, the Section are order and peace connected?
Order2 and Peace # How
2. Order and Peace 17
Road to Peace 18
world economy went through the Great Depression. The Great Depression clearly shows how excessive greed destroys social order. After World War I, the United States entered the socalled “The Roaring Twenties.” In the 1920s, the American economy more than doubled, and most Americans believed that prosperity would never end. During this period, the US stock market grew rapidly, centered on Wall Street. If you bought company A’s stock today for $10, it was not uncommon to be $20 a month later. People rushed to invest their fortunes in stocks, thinking they could easily make money without working. During that time, if you paid $25 in cash, the broker could loan you $75 to buy $100 worth of stock. Thus, many people invested in stocks even when they were in debt. The reckless investment in stocks resulted in the stock market far exceeding the company’s value and created a bubble. On October 24, 1929, anxious investors suddenly started seeking all their stocks, and the stock market plummeted. Many companies went bankrupt at once. People who went into debt and invested their entire fortune in stocks jumped from skyscrapers. And New York’s Central Park was filled with homeless people on the streets. The aftermath of the Great Depression also affected the European Economy because the European countries had invested in the United States after seeing the economic growth in the 1920s. Germany’s economy was already struggling to pay reparations from World War I, but the hyperinflation caused by the Great Depression made it impossible to recover. This extreme chaos led to the rise of Hitler’s Nazi Party, which eventually led to World War II. The beginning of the Great Depression was the small greed of each individual for unearned income. Excessive investment
12
A Harvard University professor and psychologist, Steven Pinker, showed in The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined, along with various statistical data, that countries with more systematic order and norms have lower crime rates. In the 20th century, as most countries’ legislative, administrative, and judicial systems developed and citizens’ understanding of law and order increased, violence within the country steadily declined. On the other hand, a society where order and norms are not systematic has a high rate of violence and crime. The Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP) publishes the ‘Global Peace Index (GPI)’11) every year. It analyzes 23 indicators, such as potential terrorist attack risks, social and political conflicts, and relations with neighboring regions or countries, to quantify peace and show scores for each
11
2. Order and Peace 19
GPI-2021-web.pdfuploads/2021/06/org/wp-content/economicsandpeace.https://www.
2) Chaos destroys peace
jurisdictionCompulsoryis the power of one of the parties to a dispute to compel the other party to attend the trial if it is brought before the ofwithouttocases,words,jurisdiction.acceptedmember67(ICJ).CourtInternationalofJusticeCurrently,onlyofthe193UNstateshavecompulsoryInotherinmostitisdifficultestablishatrialtheconsentbothparties.
13 International law is largely composed of two types: treaties and internationalcustomarylaw. formed a bubble in the stock market, and eventually, the market order collapsed, resulting in the Great Depression. The aftermath shook the international order, as well.
Thecountry.relationship between order and peace is also consistent with the theory of international relations that states that anarchy in the international community is the cause of war. Except for some countries, most countries in the global village adopt the rule of law, and thus the international community remains a blind spot between law and order. No global government can control conflicts and interests between countries with judicial power in the current international society. Although the International Court of Justice (ICJ) exists under the United Nations, it does not have compulsory jurisdiction.12) Due to the unclear nature of customary international law,13) it is difficult
2. Creating peace based on order
Even whales show behaviors to protect each other. Whales are mammals that rise above sea level and breathe through their lungs. If a whale is injured, it cannot rise to the surface to breathe and eventually suffocates. The whales would then carry their injured companions on their backs and wait for them to rise above sea level. They also bite their nets to save their entangled companions and even jump between whaling boats to interfere with whale hunting. Even within a society of whales, these aspects demonstrate how there is an order based on love. Germans14) often use the phrase “everything is fine. (Alles in Ordnung.)” which means “everything is in order.” ‘Ordnung’ in this sentence implies organization, arrangement, order, and tidiness. As you can feel from the language, the order is an important life tenet in German life. Whether at home or school, children are trained to do everything from the personal chores of organizing their belongings to the social tasks of keeping rules and promises. In addition, they thoroughly learn table manners, manners between friends, and regulations to be observed in public places. Usually, parents are more strict with
Road to Peace 20
1) Order based on love
to interpret and apply it. There are also cases in which the state did not implement the judgment of the International Court of Justice and ignored it. Such a response sets a precedent for breaking the principles and order that must be observed in the international community and becomes an obstacle to establishing peace.
14 The Lost Cultures of Whales, Shane Gero, TEDxOttawa, fyjIcomtch?v=1OQkdRdwww.youtube.https://
The ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)’ is a human rights norm that stipulates the basic rights of human beings and presents the standards of respect for human rights that all countries in the world must achieve. This declaration prepared by the UN Commission on Human Rights in June 1948 was unanimously adopted at the 3rd UN General Assembly held in Paris on December 10. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights tried to capture the universal value of human rights, transcending various ideologies, political systems, religions, and cultural backgrounds. It contains various contents to guarantee the most basic rights of humans, such as freedom, equality, the right to life, the
The external form of order is important, but learning to respect and love others through order is of even greater importance. Order without love and respect is fragile, while an order based on love and respect can bring about sustainable peace.
A society in which law and order are observed is peaceful. The law has the force of punishment in case of violation and serves as the last barrier to maintaining social order. Law and order are necessary everywhere, from society to the state to the international community.
their children outside the home, and even if the child makes a minor mistake to others, the parents make it clear that it is wrong and teach them to apologize. Parents are teaching the children not to harm others. This teaching method is not to deprive children of their freedom by limiting their behavior, but rather to show the attitude of respective the lives and rights of others.
2. Order and Peace 21
2) Peace based on order
The ‘Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ,’ which demanded the participation of the government and citizens, are a global agenda adopted at the Millennium Summit held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York in September 2000.
Let’s look at another case where the value of respect for life was established as an order in the chaos caused by war. The ‘Ottawa Treaty,’ adopted by 121 countries in Ottawa, Canada, in December 1997, is a treaty with the primary goal of banning the use of antipersonnel mines. Landmines began to be used in earnest during the American Civil War and spread worldwide. Many consider landmines the most inhumane weapons manmade because they are unnoticed when buried in the ground, and the moment a civilian walks by, they explode. The Ottawa Convention comprehensively prohibits the use, development, production, stockpiling, and transfer of antipersonnel landmines. It also mandates that the stockpiled antipersonnel landmines be removed or destroyed within four years and to destroy emplaced anti-personal mines within ten years.
right to freedom from slavery, the right not to be tortured, the right to equality before the law, the right to privacy, and the right to a nationality. This new international order was also called ‘beautiful promise,’ and based on the contents of the declaration, international cooperation began to revive human dignity from the ruins of World War II.
Road to Peace 22
Eight goals to be addressed between 2000 and 2015 were presented, including alleviating poverty, improving health, improving education, and protecting the environment. As the MDGs ended in 2015, the United Nations worked hard to create new targets to replace them. As a result, on September 25, 2015, the ‘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)’ were unanimously adopted by UN member states around the world
2. Order and Peace 23
Figure 2-1
at the 70th UN Sustainable Development Summit. Sustainable Development is a concept that satisfies the needs of the present as well as the needs of the next generation and refers to future-oriented development that considers environmental protection along with social and economic development. The SDGs consist of 17 goals, including gender equality, climate change response, peace and justice, and strong institutions, and will be implemented from 2015 to 2030. The SDGs are goals that all countries in the global village must achieve for joint development and are a global order for establishing peace. In this way, the order is necessary to protect human life and maintain peace. However, there have been many unfortunate cases of numerous people losing their lives and taking measures after peace was broken. It not only takes a long time to recover from these incidents that have occurred as a result of these measures but also, there is no way to bring back a life that has been lost. Therefore, it is important to establish a complete peaceful order before conflicts and wars occur. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Lee Man Hee (Republic of Korea HWPL Chairman, 1931-present)
If peace is achieved, this person believes and is certain that all of us will become peace messengers who have done the work of peace, that the path will shine in history, and that all those born in the future will live in peace.
Restoration3
SECTION 03
Order and Relation in the Human World will restore order and relations in the human world?
# What
1. Heavenly culture: materials for restoring order and peace in the human world Laws, rules, and manners that are the basis of order belong to the culture category. Culture is a term that collectively refers to all lifestyles created by humans, and various cultures exist Section of
Even in the 21st century, many young people are losing their lives due to conflicts and wars without ever seeing flowers bloom. There is no safe zone where complete peace is guaranteed anywhere. Not only war but big and small violence such as conflicts due to racial discrimination, religious conflicts, mass shootings, terrorism, murder, and hate crimes occur every day in various parts of the world. To create a world of peace without war and violence, restoring order and relations in the human world is urgent.
3. Order and Relation in the Human World 25
So, what kind of culture is needed to achieve world peace? It is a culture in which the value of peace lives and breathes. This culture of peace is the ‘heavenly culture.’ Heavenly culture is a high-level culture of life leading to the coexistence and development of the international community and transcending the boundaries of religion, ideology, nation, and nation, based on the order and harmony of nature. As seen in the previous lesson, heavenly culture pursues an order of diversity, harmony, and cooperation based on love, not greed. Simply put, heavenly culture is to practice peaceful values such as love, consideration, and forgiveness. Heavenly culture is by no means unfamiliar to us. Although it is common to see and encounter it often around us, it is only hidden by the mask of greed. If we remove the mask of greed, we can discover that the heavenly culture resides everywhere.
depending on countries and regions. However, even a great empire like Rome has not been able to integrate the world with a culture of peace. No state or nation in human history has left a culture of peace as a legacy to future generations.
Road to Peace 26
If heavenly culture is the blueprint, the world of peace can be compared to the completed building. The architect or worker who creates the world of peace is me, ‘peace citizens.’ If we use heavenly culture as a material to create a peaceful order in the human world, there will be a restoration of all broken relationships. So, let’s find out how we must restore order in the human world. 2. Restoration of inner self
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle argued that ‘self-
However,world?asAristotle
3. Order and Relation in the Human World 27
argued, the questions remain whether a person can align his desires with acting correctly. If one is to travel around the world and ask everyone one meets if they want war, violence, or peace and security, what would their answer be? The majority will answer that they want peace and security. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs proposed by the American psychologist Abraham Harold Maslow, safety needs are the most basic human needs after physiological needs. Safety is the need to protect oneself from danger, threat, and deprivation and avoid anxiety. In other words, peace can coincide with basic human needs.
control’ and ‘virtue’ are not the same. According to him, people with self-control know what is right and take action, but their desires also tempt them. Therefore, they act according to the right thing, but inside they suffer because they suppress their original desires. In contrast, virtuous person aligns their inner desires with what they think is right. In other words, they set their desires on doing the right thing. Therefore, there is no desire to be suppressed in the person of virtue. If we think and apply Aristotle’s argument, if the heavenly culture is embedded within a person, then there will be no desire to harm someone or the heart to neglect life in the first place. UNESCO Charter refers to this as ‘building a defense of peace in the minds of men.’ If the desire for war disappears, how can there be a war in the real
Beyond the basic need for safety and peace, it is the role and power of education to create inner order. Inner order such as love, sacrifice, forgiveness, and consideration can be created through peace education. If you build a house of peace in your heart with the material of heavenly culture, your values in your heart will help you to keep the order of peace in any
15 0628091247.htmreleases/2006/06/06sciencedaily.com/https://www. situation and environment. It will be because it is a voluntary action from the heart, not obedience to commands. Restoring inner order through these two things, human’s basic desire for peace and heavenly culture peace education, is the beginning of restoring order in the human world. 3. The restoration of order and relation in the human world In addition to restoring internal order, it is also important to restore order in the external world. In 2006, researchers from Newcastle University in the UK tested how effectively the “Watching eyes” complied with norms. 15) In an experiment using a coffee shop autonomous checkout counter, the customers were asked to self-pay for their drinks. On the menu board in one week, an image of a person’s big eyes, to signify surveillance, was attached, and in the other week, there was a picture of flowers. The result showed that people paid three times as much during the weeks when images of eyes were attached compared to the weeks with images of flowers. This result showed that people do not easily deviate from their established behavioral patterns when they are being observed. For sustainable peace, it is necessary to maintain and monitor the order of the human world through a watching eye. The law can play the role of watching eyes, and most countries maintain national order through domestic laws. Civil wars, disputes, and crimes occurring within the country are resolved by domestic law. As such, the role of international law is vital to establish order in the international community. International law must resolve wars and terrorism in the Road to Peace 28
3. Order and Relation in the Human World 29
international community. At this time, punishment for crime is important, but more importantly, it is to make the law act as a watchdog to prevent illegality. The world’s awareness of human rights had significantly improved compared to when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights did not exist. In addition, various organizations were created to prevent and solve human rights violations based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In other words, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights serves as a watchdog on human rights issues. As such, the way to advance world peace is for international law to become a watchdog of peace and restore order in the international community.
On the other hand, some objections are raised that it is impossible to establish an international order through international law due to the limitations of international law and the absence of a global government. To compensate for these limitations is to spread a culture of peace. There were numerous speeches, advertisements, campaigns, education, and peaceful protests before the ban on slavery were enacted. These actions led to a change in people’s perceptions around the world. The public’s voice also influenced domestic politics, and anti-slavery could be inserted into the domestic regulations of many countries. In this way, if people’s awareness of the world is improved by spreading a culture of peace, it can affect not only international law but also the domestic laws of each country. Who is responsible for spreading a culture of peace?
‘Peace citizens’ cultivated through ‘Heavenly Culture Peace Education’ can spread a culture of peace in their country and urge the enactment of laws for peace.
4. Possibility and prospects for realization of peace Stanislav Shushkevichi, former Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic of Belarus, confessed to the process of Belarus becoming a democracy and stated, “We began to make new State, and we wanted to be a peace-loving, democratic State. We sincerely tried to do it. But it was very difficult to do this.” However, many countries around the world have achieved democracies that seemed impossible. Former South African President Nelson Mandela also stated regarding the process of overcoming racism and realizing democracy, “It always seems impossible until it is done.” The same goes for the abolition of racism and the abolition of slavery. In 1980, when Mauritania last declared slavery illegal, slavery was officially eliminated from the world. In this way, humankind has made what seemed impossible a reality. Regarding the realization of peace, HWPL Chairman Man Hee Lee stated, “When you do not do what you can do, it is a sin. Peace can be achieved through hard work because every family wants peace.” It is necessary to examine whether the external environment hinders the realization of peace or our thinking that it is impossible. No one wants to lose themselves or their family in the war, and everyone wants peace. What on earth is preventing peace? If we all become messengers of peace and unite as one, there is more than enough to achieve peace in the global village. In this generation, let us end global warfare, achieve peace, and pass it on to future generations as an eternal legacy.
Road to Peace 30
Road to Peace memo
Conclusion
Order is necessary for the peaceful coexistence of humanity, and all things live in the great order of nature. The natural order creates a stable environment in which all things can live, and when the natural order is broken, the survival of all living things is threatened. Human society’s order plays a key role in protecting the lives of its members, forming a social safety net, and maintaining peace. Laws, manners, and company rules are established so that members can live with proper consideration and respect without harming each other. In creating order, various situations and variables must be considered and carefully decided because it is difficult to change once finalized. However, breaking the order can happen in a moment and does not require a process of deliberation because it stems from greed. Improvised and selfish behavior that pursues only one’s own greed lacks consideration for others and concerns about the balance of the whole. In the end, within disorder, different interests cannot be reconciled, the human society is fragmented, and the peace is broken. Therefore, it is essential to restore order and relations in the human world for peace. The foundation of order should be love, and the purpose of order should be safety and peace.
Soo-shin-jae-gah chi-gook-pyung-chun-ha (身齊家治國平天下) means to first rectify one’s body and mind, then to keep the family in order, govern the country, and bring peace to the world. Restoration of peace and order can be achieved in this order. Lessons 5 through 12 will be the process of restoring peace from the inner self to the world of humanity through heavenly culture. The process of restoring order and peace is by no means easy. But how can we enjoy peace without suffering? The world of restored peace that our descendants will enjoy with our blood, sweat, and tears will be a world of perfect beauty.
Conclusion
2022 Published by Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light ISBN 979-11-91898-57-6 ISBN 979-11-91898-53-8 (set)
Figure 1-2 car_in_NY.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Heavily_tagged_subway_
Figure 1-3 Empty subway in NYC, Beau Wade, CC-BY 2.0, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/2/26/Empty_subway_in_NYC.jpg
Copyright Ⓒ 2022 Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light. All rights reserved. This book is a work protected under the Copyright Act. Unauthorized reproduction and duplication are prohibited. You must obtain consent from the copyright owner to use all or parts of the contents of this book.
Image Credits
Figure 2-1 https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/news/communications-material/ 5th floor 20, Nambusunhwan-ro 347-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South-Korea Tel.02-514-1963 Thehwpl@hwpl.krhttp://www.hwpl.krFax.02-514-1961firsteditionon18September
Figure 1-1 Starry circles arc around the south celestial pole, seen overhead at ESO's La Silla Observatory, ESO/A.Santerne, CC-BY 4.0, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ commons/d/de/Starry_Spin-up.jpg
ISBN 979-11-91898-57-6 ISBN 979-11-91898-53-8 (set) ???/?? 9 791191 898576 05060 ISBN 979-11-91898-57-6 ISBN 979-11-91898-53-8 (??)