LESSON LightofRestorationPeace,WorldCulture,Heavenly 3 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTTHE OF DEMOCRACY 2 LESSON OBJECTIVES 1 Examine the three types of revolutions that have an important meaning in the history of democracy. 2 Understand the mindset and values of democracy that is contains in the three types of revolution. TERMS TO KNOW • Revolution • Bill of Rights • Constitution • Feudalism
Figure 3-1 English Bill of Rights of 1689
The Glorious Revolution was a revolution that took place in England in 1688. It is called the Glorious Revolution or the Bloodless Revolution in the sense that it was carried out with less blood and utmost honor. King James II of England was in a conflict with the parliament for his unilateral support of Catholicism rather than Protestantism. He hired many Catholics as a standing army, a move the king unilaterally did without the consent of Parliament. In 1687, King James II dissolved Parliament and attempted to create a new parliament to support him unconditionally. Eventually, in 1688, Parliament rebelled against the king. The British Parliament requested that William, the sonin-law of James II and a Dutch nobleman, succeed to the British throne. William came with his army and drove out James II. The British Parliament later crowned both William and his wife Mary as monarchs of England. After becoming monarchs of England, William III and Mary II signed a document called the Bill of Rights presented by Parliament in 1689. The Bill of Rights contained the following articles: • “The King cannot suspend the effect of a law without the consent of the Parliament”
2 3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 Great GloriousBritain’sRevolution
3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 3
• “It is the right of the people to petition the King; People should not be detained or persecuted on the basis of this.”
In addition to these, the Bill of Rights sets out several other rights of the people and Parliament. The Bill of Rights transferred power from the King to Parliament. Since then, no British monarch has been able to exercise absolute power over Parliament. The Glorious Revolution and the Bill of Rights laid the foundation for the British democracy. It also had a great influence on the subsequent American and French Revolutions. The RevolutionAmerican
The American Revolution is one of the important events in the history of democracy. In the 1760s, Great Britain enacted several laws to extort more taxes from the 13 colonies in America. Excessive taxes on sugar, wheat, tea, newspapers, books, etc. were strongly opposed by the colonists, and the British sent troops to quell the colonial protests. As British oppression intensified, colonists demanded independence from Great Britain even if it needed to be done by force. One of them, Patrick Henry, said in a speech, “Give me liberty, or give me death!” and insisted on the need for independence. The colonists started the war of Independence with Great Britain in 1775. In 1776, during the war, the Declaration of Independence was made and published: “All men are born equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.” The contents of the Declaration of Independence became the basis of the democratic ideology that pursues human dignity, freedom, and equality. In 1783, the colonists won the war against Great Britain and gained independence. In 1787, the Constitution was enacted, making
• “The King cannot collect taxes for their own use without the approval of the Parliament”
The French Revolution was a civil revolution that took place in France in 1789 that shook the world. In France, the first estate, the clergy, and the second estate, the aristocrats, accounted for only 2% of the population and monopolized power, wealth, and honor. Right before the revolution, national finances were in a state of Figure 3-2 Patrick Henry, “Give me liberty, or give me death”
4 3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 the United States the first country in the world to have a written constitution. The United States of America was formally established in 1789 when George Washington was inaugurated as the first president. The Independence of the 13 colonies and the emergence of a democratic country had a great impact on the world, and based on these changes, democracy gradually developed in each country.
The RevolutionFrench
Liberty Leading the People
3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 5 bankruptcy, so the third estate, the commoners who made up 98% of the population, had to pay heavy taxes while the first and second estate had tax-free privileges. To make the matters worse, bread prices and general prices skyrocketed due to the severe drought. Furthermore, under the influence of the American Revolution, the aspirations for freedom and democracy were heightened among the people. In 1789, the dissatisfaction of the people finally exploded. On July 14th, Parisians raided the prison of Bastille to obtain the necessary weapons for the revolution. Revolutions occurred simultaneously in other cities and rural areas. Under the slogans of freedom, equality, and fraternity, the absolute monarchy and feudalism were abolished Figure 3-3
6 3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 in French society after years of revolution. The abolition of feudalism freed many serfs who were slaves to kings or nobles. The French Revolution marked a turning point in a new period in world history, in which political power was transferred from the royalty and aristocracy to the civil class. In addition, the French Revolution rapidly spread the democratic values of human dignity, freedom, and equality in Europe and the world.
6 What was the slogan of the French Revolution?
5 What was the cause of the French Revolution?
3 What was the cause of the American Revolution?
4 What were the contents of the Declaration of Independence?
2 What were the contents in the Bill of Rights presented to the King by the British Parliament?
Activities 1 Divide the class into three groups and examine each of the revolutions in detail: The Glorious Revolution, The American Revolution, and the French Revolution. Let’s summarize the research and present them.
3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 7 Reviewing the Lesson
1 What was the cause of the British Glorious Revolution?
Lesson3. History of the Development of Democracy 2 5th floor 20, Nambusunhwan-ro 347-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South-Korea Tel. +82 02-514-1963 Fax. +82 Thehwpl@hwpl.krhttp://www.hwpl.kr02-514-1961firsteditionon31 July 2022 Published by Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light Copyright 2022 Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light All rights reserved. You must get consent from a copyright owner to use all or parts of the contents of this book. Image Credits
Figure 3-3 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_ libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg
Figure 3-2 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Patrick_Henry_speaking_ before_the_Virginia_Assembly.tiff/lossy-page1-1280px-Patrick_Henry_speaking_before_the_ Virginia_Assembly.tiff.jpg
Figure 3-1 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/English_Bill_of_Rights_of_1689.jpg
LightofRestorationPeace,WorldCulture,Heavenly