LESSON LightofRestorationPeace,WorldCulture,Heavenly 5 RIGHTS)RIGHTSFUNDAMENTAL(BILLOF LESSON OBJECTIVES 1 Understand the relationship between the constitution and fundamental rights. 2 Understand the history and types of fundamental rights. TERMS TO KNOW •• Fundamental rights • Bill of Rights • Right to freedom • Right to equality • Right to vote • Right to claim
However, the Constitution of the United States of America, enacted in 1787, lacked the provision of fundamental rights. As a result, every state in the United States has argued that the provision of fundamental rights should be included in the constitution. In response to this demand, in 1791, the 1st to 10th amendments to the constitution, including the provision of fundamental rights
As we looked at in the previous lesson, the Constitution describes the values pursued by the country, the organization and operating structure of the country. In addition, it is the provision of fundamental rights that does not fall into the constitution of modern democracies. The reasons for specifying the fundamental rights of the people in the constitution is to prevent the state or any other powerful person from arbitrarily taking away the fundamental rights of the people. Therefore, specifying fundamental rights in the constitution is the most basic task for realizing democracy. Fundamental rights refer to the rights to lead a worthy life as a human being. The fundamental rights guaranteed in the Constitution include the rights to freedom, the right to equality, the right to vote, the right to claim, and the right to socialize. A document that sets out fundamental rights is called a Bill of Rights. Therefore, it can be said that the Bill of Rights is included in the Constitution.
Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) The Constitution and Fundamental Rights
History Fundamentalof Rights (Bill of Rights) In Great Britain, the Bill of Rights was adopted in 1689, the year after the Glorious Revolution. The Bill of Rights, which guaranteed the rights of the people and the Parliament, put an end to the British absolute monarchy and laid the foundation for the establishment of British parliamentary politics. In the United States, the Bill of Rights was adopted by the Virginia Congress in 1776, which was the first document set out to guarantee the basic rights of citizens.
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5. Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) 3 Figure 5-1 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen approved by the National Assembly of France
4 5. Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) of the people, were newly added to the U.S. Constitution. In the United States, the 1st through 10th amendments to the constitution are now referred to as the Bill of Rights.InFrance, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen was adopted by the parliament in 1789. This declaration was at the heart of the French Revolution, proclaiming that human rights such as freedom, equality, religion, and freedom of the press and association are universal, transcending time and place. This document is also called the French Bill of Rights. After World War II, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights consists of 30 articles and has been translated into 524 languages. Today, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is reflected in most national constitutions or laws, can be said to be the world’s Bill of Rights. Figure 5-2 Eleanor Roosevelt holding poster of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The state has the duty to faithfully guarantee the fundmaental rights of its citizens as stipulated in the Constitution. In addition, citizens must be aware of the types and contents of the fundamental rights that apply to them and protect their rights by themselves. Here, we will look at the fundamental rights of freedom, equality, voting, and claim.
The right to freedom is the oldest basic right and refers to the right not to be interfered with or infringed upon by an individual in his or her free life. The most basic of the rights to liberty is the freedom of body. This is because, in the absence of physical freedom, even if other liberties are guaranteed, it is meaningless. Physical liberty means freedom from physical restraint except under the law. The rights to freedom also include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of residence, freedom of work, etc. The right to equality refers to the right of all people to be equal before the law and free from unreasonable discrimination by the state. Article 2 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights reads: “Everyone is entitled and deserve to enjoy to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status.” Equality is a right guaranteed by the Constitution, but it is also a pillar that supports democracy itself. Therefore, it should be recognized that if the principle of equality is removed from democracy, democracy itself willThecollapse.rightto vote refers to the right of citizens to participate in politics. According to the constitution, any citizen can have the right to participate in voting when he or she reaches a certain age, and conversely, can have the rights to be elected as a candidate in an Theelection.righttoclaim refers to the right of citizens to actively claim certain actions against the state.
5. Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) 5 Types Fundamentalof Rights
Claims include the right to a trial, the right to petition, and the right to claim compensation from the state. The right to petition is the right to demand one’s request from the state agency, and the right to claim compensation is claim for a reward when the state has inflicted damage on the people by violating the law.
6 5. Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights)
5. Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) 7 Reviewing the Lesson 1 What is another word for fundamental rights? 2 Why are fundamental rights specified in the constitution? 3 What is the name of the document that can be called the world’s bill of rights? 4 What are the types of fundamental rights? Activities 1 Let’s investigate and share what fundamental rights provisions are in the constitution of my country. 2 Let’s examine in more detail and present the background, provisions, and impact of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Lesson5. Fundamental Rights (Bill of Rights) 5th floor 20, Nambusunhwan-ro 347-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South-Korea Tel. +82 02-514-1963 Fax. +82 Thehwpl@hwpl.krhttp://www.hwpl.kr02-514-1961firsteditionon31 July 2022 Published by Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light Copyright 2022 Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light All rights reserved. You must get consent from a copyright owner to use all or parts of the contents of this book. Image Credits Figure 5-1 and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_ Figure 5-2 FDR Presidential Library & Museum, CC BY https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Eleanor_Roosevelt_UDHR.jpg2.0,
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