LESSON LightofRestorationPeace,WorldCulture,Heavenly 7 SYSTEMANDPARLIAMENTARYPRESIDENTIAL LESSON OBJECTIVES 1 Understand the meaning of parliamentary system. 2 Understand the meaning of the presidential system. 3 Understand the difference between the parliamentary and presidential system. TERMS TO KNOW •• Parliamentary system • Presidential system • Separation of powers • Cabinet • Chancellor
Figure 7-1 Parliament in Westminster, England, where modern parliamentary system began
In a democracy, the government is based on the constitution, and the legislative, executive, and judiciary branch are separated according to the principle of separation of powers. Of the three branches, the judiciary branch usually has distinct independence, but the legislative and executive branches have many connections in reality. Therefore, depending on the form in which the legislative and the executive branch are related and how they operate, it can be broadly divided into a parliamentary cabinet system and a presidential system.
2 7. Parliamentary and Presidential System
What is ParliamentarytheSystem?
The Prime Minister (Chancellor) is elected from the party that has won the majority through elections of members of the Parliament, and the Prime Minister constitutes and represents the executive branch.
First, the parliamentary system is made up of a cabinet (administrative government) with members of the parliament. In countries with a parliamentary system, there is no separate presidential elections.
7. Parliamentary and Presidential System 3
Therefore, in the parliamentary system, the legislative branch and the executive branch are closely connected with the parliament. The king or the president of a parliamentary government does not directly participate in politics but is a symbolic figure head representing the head of state. What is a Presidential System? The presidential system is a system in which the legislative and executive branches are strictly separated. In a presidential system, elections are held twice. The election of members of the parliament and the election of the president are separate. The parliament is formed through the election of members of the parliament, and the executive branch is formed through the presidential election. The president, elected by the people, is the head of the executive branch. In a presidential system, the party that elected the president is called the ruling party, and the other parties are called the opposition party. The ruling party creates and implements policies in cooperation with the executive branch led by the president. On the other hand, the opposition party mainly plays the role of monitoring and checking the policies of the president and the ruling party.
What is the difference between a parliamentary government and a Figure 7-2 George Washington, the first president of the United States. The United States is the world’s first presidential system
The Difference between PresidentialParliamentaryASystemandASystem
4 7. Parliamentary and Presidential System presidential government?
Second, in the case of the parliamentary system, the cabinet and the parliament are interdependent because the cabinet is formed by the parliament elected through direct elections by the people. On the other hand, in a presidential system, the executive branch and the legislative branch are independent of each other because each is directly elected by the people.
First, the ways in which the president and prime minister are elected are different. In the parliamentary system, the party receiving the majority of votes through the parliamentary elections constitutes the executive cabinet. In the case of the United Kingdom, a representative country that has adopted the parliamentary system, the leader of the party is appointed as the prime minister. (The method of appointing a prime minister differs depending on the country.) On the other hand, in the presidential system, the people directly elect the president through elections.
7. Parliamentary and Presidential System 5 Reviewing the Lesson 1 What is a parliamentary system? 2 What is a presidential system? 3 What are the differences between the presidential and parliamentary system? Activities 1 Let’s research and do a presentation about which countries around the world have a parliamentary system and which have a presidential system. 2 Which should our class set up a parliamentary system or a presidential system? Let’s choose one to implement together and role play one of the systems in our classroom.
Lesson7. Parliamentary and Presidential System 5th floor 20, Nambusunhwan-ro 347-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South-Korea Tel. +82 02-514-1963 Fax. +82 Thehwpl@hwpl.krhttp://www.hwpl.kr02-514-1961firsteditionon31 July 2022 Published by Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light Copyright 2022 Heavenly Culture, World Peace, Restoration of Light All rights reserved. You must get consent from a copyright owner to use all or parts of the contents of this book. Image Credits Figure 7-1 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Parliament_at_Sunset.JPG Figure 7-2 Portrait_of_George_Washington.jpghttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Gilbert_Stuart_Williamstown_
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