Figure 37 Border management and control aspects

Figure 37 Border management and control aspects

Along the border, three types of situations can exist: peacetime, less than wartime, and wartime. Armed forces such as the army, navy, and air force manage borders during wartime or less than wartime, whereas paramilitary forces such as the Border Security Force (BSF), Indo Tibetan Border Police (TTBP), Assam Rifles (AR), and Coast guard manage borders during peacetime. (Sinha 2000)

In order to deal with counterintelligence and counterinsurgency, intelligence agencies provide input to border management organizations. To secure the border, the Government of India adheres to the principle of "One Border, One Border-guarding Force." In accordance with this philosophy, the Bangladesh and Pakistan borders are guarded by BSF, the China border is guarded by (ITBP), the Nepal and Bhutan borders are guarded by Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), and Assam Rifles have been deployed at the Myanmar border.

The Indian Army guards the LoC on the Indo-Pakistan border and the LOAC on the IndoChina border, while the Indian Navy and Coast Guard the coastal borders, with the State (Marine) Police acting as the enforcers.