Figure 36 Typical Illustration of International borderline

While our coastal borders remain relatively stable, our land borders are more complicated. India has three types of land borders: International borderlines (IBLs), lines of control (LoCs), and lines of actual control (LOACs).(Sinha 2000)

• The International Boundary Line (IBL) is a demarcation agreed upon and ratified by both neighboring countries, and it is recognized by the rest of the world.

• The Line of Control (LoC) is the de facto border that separates Pakistan-occupied Kashmir from India's state of Jammu and Kashmir.

• The Line of Actual Control (LOAC) is the boundary line that separates Indian-held lands from Chinese-controlled territory. Our borders (both land and maritime) disputed and unsettled nature has made their security much more difficult.

While the government has undertaken numerous initiatives, such as road construction, fencing, floodlighting, and the installation of ground radars, the use of technology, intelligence gathering, and the integration of information from various sources to form a common entity picture remains a challenge. Consider the possibility of infiltration across the IBL during a period of peace. There is a no-land men on either side of the international boundary, which can be designated as an infiltration zone.

Figure 36 Typical Illustration of International borderline

The Government of India's current border management schemes cover articles of trade and people, points of entry and borders, as well as strategic and operational aspects. To protect land borders, a variety of measures are taken. These metrics are classified into three categories:

People, processes, and technology.