ICOSSHE 2014

International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and Environment 2014

country representatives DJUWARI

ADESOJI ADEOLU ONI

STIE Perbanas Surabaya Indonesia

University of Lagos, Akoka Nigeria

GAURANG RAMI

CHEW FONG PENG

KEN KAWASAKI

MAHESHVARI NAIDU

University of Malaya, Malaysia

Veer Narmad South Gujarat University India

Kochi University of Technology Japan

University of KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

JIA YAN

KANEEZ FATIMA-SHAD

Högskolan Dalarna Sweden

University of Technology, Sydney Australia

JOSÉ GERARDO MARTÍNEz MARTÍNEZ

THitima BoonCHarean

University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez Campus Puerto Rico

Nakhon Sawan Rajabhat University Thailand

Tiberiu Constantin Florescu

Moktar Lamari

“Ion Mincu” University of Architecture and Urban Planning Bucharest Romania

L'université de l'administration publique Canada

PEDRO B. BERNALDEZ

Dongguk University in Gyeongju South Korea

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

contents

02 VISION 03

MISSION

04 IAMURE Book of Abstracts 05 IAMURE International Journals 06 Messages 13 Conference Programme 14 ICOSSHE 2014 Awards 18 Board of Judges 19 Synthesis of the ICOSSHE 2014 21 Essays 24 Plenary Paper 25 Paper Presentations Day 1 31 Paper Presentations Day 2 37 IAMURE HYMN 38 IAMURE Personnel 39 IAMURE Member Institutions 40 Philippine Clients of IAMURE

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vision & mission

We are the world’s leading scientific, multidisciplinary and professional research organization.

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We commit ourselves to: • Implement an ISO certified Quality Management System for higher customer satisfaction of global clients; • Establish an effective evaluation system for journal publications of the member institutions; • Organize international research conferences for global dissemination and utilization of new scientific knowledge; • Recognize researchers and institutions for their achievements in research and publications; and, • Publish disciplinespecific and multidisciplinary research journals for the world.

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The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and Environment 2014

IAMURE book of abstracts The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

IAMURE iNTERNATIONAl journals 5

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Welcome to Bali, Indonesia, one of the most picturesque places in the planet!

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elcome also to the Third International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and the Environment with the theme "Integrity of Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment" at this elegant Stones Hotel, a crowning glory of Bali's landscape architecture! The event is organized by the IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research composed of 37-research institutions and 1,300 individual members from over forty countries spanning six continents and is co-hosted by the Philippine Association of Institutions for Research.

MESSAGE

Why Integrity of Governance? There is so much wealth generated, but poverty has engulfed the majority of the nations of the world because governments failed to ensure that wealth is distributed and that every citizen benefits from the fruits of development. Governance without integrity breeds graft and corruption and the wanton plunder of the nation's wealth. What we need today are not politicians, but statesmen who put the welfare of the common good higher than personal gain.

Why Hearts Across Borders? Health is wealth and in nations that are buried in the quagmire of poverty, global health remains the single most important obstacle to global sustainability. Today, AIDS has become a pandemic that threatens to wipe out nations particularly those with no resources to deal with the costly medical care. The productive workforce in their midlife and even younger are vulnerable to AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Compassion to the suffering of people from natural and man-made calamities, disease, hunger, political persecution is what defines hearts across borders.

Why Nourishing Environment? The price of development is always the destruction of the environment. The rise of mega-cities has encroached traditional farmlands, the technologies for development emit substances which are pernicious to the ozone layer. We need scientific information, so people know exactly what is happening, what needs to be done, and what are the responsibilities of every citizen to nourish our environment. It takes a nation to educate a child. It also takes a world to nourish the environment.

I wish to thank you and your respective institutions for supporting your trip to Bali, and I invite you to make a side trip to Singapore or Thailand to make your memories more vivid and indelible.

I congratulate the winners of our World Research Awards for dedicating a lifetime of scientific work.

I also congratulate the world leadership of Michael Myko Castillo Chaves, our Research Conference Specialist and Jony Vallega Berjes, our Executive Vice President, and Irish Jane P. Balios, VP for Operations of PAIR for making this ISO certified event happen and successful.

I also commend the exceptional leadership of Dr. Djuwari, country representative of Indonesia in the IAMURE governing board for the welcome and assistance, a taste of Indonesian hospitality.

Enjoy Bali's pristine beaches and friendly people!

GENARO V. JAPOS President, IAMURE

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

Dear beloved participants

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elcome to Bali, the paradise island, as people worldwide say it. However, the more important thing in this moment is our beloved intellectual organization. This organization is IAMURE (International Association of Multidisciplinary Research) having an agenda of holding the international conference on August 26 -27, 2014 at The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia. The theme chosen is “Integrity in Governance, Hearts across Borders, Nourishing Environment,� a phenomenal theme as we have witnessed so far throughout the globe.

In terms of social, economic, and political affairs, we all agree that integrity in governance in any nation is required. This is due to the fact that most of the organizations in any country have proved their high performance and competitiveness because of being managed based on high degree of integrity in governance.

There is nothing we can expect to have great and high quality product of activity, except we have to do it with passion and dedication. Only the great job which is done based on such high integrity can make all the nations have competitiveness. All these activities which have been done so passionately can create great results and satisfaction for all parties related to it.

When any job is done in such away, we can certainly create balance in the world for development. It is the fact that imbalance of development among the nations in this globe will inevitably give negative impacts on the nations that are not yet ready with such great job based on high integrity in governance. Consequently, those nations among the industrialized ones will bear huge burden.

MESSAGE

Ladies and gentlemen; Today, we have gathered and committed to having such high degree integrity in governance. We have done research and been so passionate to dedicate our time to do such academic activities. As an intellectual with great passion in doing anything, we believe that only great job which is done with great and high integrity can still exist. We have to do it so passionately. This also includes doing research related to our field of science we have been preoccupied with.

Ladies and gentlemen; In order to make balance, it is important for all of the intellectuals to trigger the nations in our own countries to create competitiveness. We have to have we-feeling among the nations in the world. Sharing experiences and exchanging ideas like what we are doing in this forum of IAMURE, in Bali today, is an example of having such feeling. We are not separated from one another but we share our best practices and exchange good ideas for possible innovation for the future of our nations.

All of the above activities can be done by achieving the objectives as depicted in this event such as to (1) provide a forum for professional and student researchers across the world as means for dissemination and utilization of high impact researches; (2) nourish collaborations among researchers and institutions in the promotion and production of researches; (3) recognize meritorious contributions of world researchers and institutions; and, (4) promote quality research publications as credible sources of scientific literature.

Ladies and gentlemen; From my deepest heart, I would like to express my high appreciation to you all for having been so enthusiastic in the discussion and I hope that we can still share with IAMURE in future activities or events. I would also like to thank our President of IAMURE, Dr. Genaro V. Japos who has been so passionate in crafting this intellectual organization and making it exist up to now. We all understand that managing and leading the world organization like this is not easy. It requires high integrity in governance and dedication.

Warmest greetings,

DR. DJUWARI Country representative for Indonesia, Director of language Laboratory, STIE Perbanas, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Advisor, Indonesia Association of Press Practitioners, East Java, Indonesia

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y warmest greetings to all the delegates of the 3rd International Conference in Social Science, Health and Environment (ICOSSHE 2014) hosted by IAMURE on August 26 -27, 2014 at The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia.

MESSAGE

Truly, the major challenging tasks of upholding the human development and health environment is our shared responsibility, and the theme of the conference: “Integrity in governance, hearts across borders, nourishing environment” highlights this.

In Malaysian context, efficiency and integrity in governance are complementary to spur the country's human development. Recent government allocated major cash transfer program to the low income people and this is one of the example how good governance matters. Our Honorary Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Najib Razak launched and implemented the 1Malaysia People’s Aid (BRIM) 2014 that allocated 4.6 billion Ringgit Malaysia that benefit 7.4 million people beside establishing the 1Malaysia shop, 1Malaysia clinic etc. to reaffirm the administration agenda of greater transparency, accountability and commitment to deliver better service to the poor at a lower cost while improving human capital.

The disaster that occurred on the aircraft of Malaysia Airline (MAS) in March and July, 2014 has raised the awareness of aircraft safety and the conflict in a war-torn country that threatens the world.

The crash of Malaysia Airlines flight has cast a web of grief around the globe and people “pray for strength and courage for the relatives” besides praying for peace and security of the whole world.

Indeed, this incident has tied up the heart of the whole world to urge the rebels to stop the fighting, serve the justice and return the peace life to the nation.

Besides that, human healthy lifestyle is a tool for progressive life. Good health is the major resource for economy, social and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life. In order to keep good health, nourishing environment is important to obtain clean, affordable, efficient and land use development. The haze problems that linger around Malaysia in recent years was the result of the land and forest fires at local and neighbor country, that were responsible for the cross border haze, has alerted us about the importance of maintaining a sustainable environment. Indeed, the theme of the conference addressed the load of the global scenario.

Congratulations to all the participants who took the destiny, the destiny of the world in your hands and make the ICOSSHE 2014 succeed. May this conference be a memorable event in your life! May it empower you to continue making significant differences in your future!

FONG PENG CHEW, Ph.D University of Malaya, Malaysia

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t gives me immense pleasure to be able to acknowledge and congratulate IAMURE on their launch of the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Health, and Environment (ICOSSHE 2014). To be hosted on the beautiful shores of Bali, it promises to be intellectually nourishing even as it themes itself around the critical topic of ‘Integrity in Governance’.

While rapidly spreading its wings to far flung international spaces, much of the work of IAMURE also focuses importantly, on cohering together scholars from Asian and other global south contexts.

In doing so, IAMURE offers a critical space and a platform to showcase the rich tradition of scholarship emerging from countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, India etc.

MESSAGE

By subtitling the conference gathering as, ‘Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment’, IAMURE makes evident, their perspective of attempting to transcend bounded spaces, identities and nationalities in endeavoring to bring a global perspective to pressing issues that confront the safety of our shared environment. The role of ethics and integrity in governance cannot be emphasized enough as we seek together, (as we should) to promote the sustainability of the environment. In as much as the environment nourishes us and our livelihoods on multiple micro and macro levels, it is our reciprocating moral obligation to nourish and nurture our environment. It is the Social Sciences that is able to offer a humane face and social value to critical issues in health and environment sustainability by considering the impact at the levels of the individual and community.

I would like to congratulate IAMURE on what is emerging as a strong and sustained tradition in working through a multidisciplinary perspective, to bring together scholars and activists to communally debate and exchange research and practices on critical issues that threaten the sustainability of the world we share. It is exactly what is needed; a sharing of both conceptual and empirically based research and praxis that can offer insights that are worth adopting and promoting cross-culturally.

For far too long, attention has been focused on the so called Western ‘gaze’ on research and scholarship. This has been at the expense of turning a blind eye to the rich heritage of scholarship and scholars from other traditions, spaces and contexts. Intellectual gatherings such as this one are thus incredibly valuable in bringing scholars otherwise on the margins squarely to the centre, within the context of global scholarship.

I wish IAMURE and all the delegates here a rich and rewarding intellectual experience!

MAHESHVARI NAIDU, Ph.D University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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Using social science research findings in public climate change policies: Making them count

D MESSAGE

espite efforts by international organizations to promote and use social science research, the latter remains inadequately mobilized regarding climate change mitigation. At least two problems are involved in this deplorable situation. The first deals with the marginalization of social sciences in the design and funding of climate change mitigation programs. The second problem deals with the inadequacy of the transfer mechanisms of social science research findings outside academic and university communities. The remainder of this text deals with these problems and attempts to advance certain avenues of resolution.

Concerning the issues and challenges of climate change, social science research remains limited and very often grounded in hermeneutic and reflective approaches. The research that has been conducted has not always been grounded in empirical, deductive approaches or focused on and decision-making.

Whatever is said about the matter, several climate change themes and mitigation determinants have not been sufficiently explored and explained. Among them are i) social attitudes and perceptions with regard to climate change (values, convictions, attitudes, feeling of being in control, etc.), ii) the premises and instruments of community action targeting climate change mitigation (public choices, individual behavior, social pressure, governance of scarce resources), iii) social, economic and institutional systems and structures having an impact on climate change and the deterioration of associated scarce resources.

International organizations having missions linked to the funding of scientific research or climate change control strategies must assume the responsibility to do more in promoting social knowledge and knowledge gathered from the social sciences. In this area, researchers must also promote the demands of more applied and useful research in the various fields of social science touching upon climate change in the different ecosystems and geo-political contexts.

Researchers and organizations involved in the development of knowledge in the social sciences must also assume the responsibility to promote approaches involving knowledge and competency transfer mechanisms in regard to the mitigation of the causes and effects of climate change. To this end, several research projects conducted by our team have identified two key instruments to advance social knowledge useful to public decision making and the translation of this knowledge outside academic communities, particularly by social, organizational and political actors and decision makers. To do so, social science research findings must be expressed in layman’s terms. Evidence also shows that, to be useful, social science findings must be supported by close communication ties (trust, collaboration, etc.) between researchers and decision makers. To this end, researchers must get to know the political and government actors involved in climate change mitigation to better adapt the format and language message their research findings, to better communicate with the various stakeholders and to correctly target the key decision makers.

But beyond this aspect, public climate change mitigation policies must foster mechanisms favoring the receptivity of research findings in the organizations concerned. Receptivity is affected by several social science research attributes, such as the methods used, proximity to decision makers and the promotion of social science research. There are two key promotional elements. The first deals with the close ties and interaction between researchers and decision makers to reduce the costs of obtaining and absorbing social science research findings. This is an essential key to success in translating these same findings. The second deals with external funding. This factor has a major impact on the promotion and applicability of these research findings in necessarily different contexts and communities that do not have the same receptivity level.

Moktar Lamari L’université de l’administration publique, Canada

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ONGRATULATIONS to the International Association of Multidisciplinary Research (IAMURE) for crossing across borders to bring the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Health, and Environment (ICOSSHE 2014) to the shores of Bali, Indonesia! True to its thrust, the IAMURE has continued to challenge its member institutions, particularly the community of researchers all over the world, to always push further ahead in contributing to the formulation of a guiding synthesis guided by a clear vision for a sustainable environment.

I end this message with the Holy Father’s loving and lingering invitation: Let us be protectors of creation, protectors of God’s plan inscribed in nature, protectors of one another and of the environment. Let us not allow omens of destruction and death to accompany the advance of this world!”

MESSAGE

The theme of this year’s conference, “Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment” highlights the truth that our environment is God’s gift to everyone, and in our use of it we have a responsibility towards the poor, towards future generations and toward humanity as a whole. The Creator [who] has given it an inbuilt order, enabling us to draw from it the principles needed in order “to till it and keep it” (Gen 2:15). Questions linked to the care, preservation and nourishing of the environment today necessarily challenge us to consider and legitimately exercise a responsible stewardship over it. “Whenever human beings fail to live up to this responsibility, whenever we fail to care for creation and for our brothers and sisters, the way is opened to destruction and hearts are hardened” (Pope Francis).

Rev. Msgr. Julius C. Rodulfa President, Holy Cross of Davao College, Inc. Davao City, Philippines

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e congratulate IAMURE for organizing the 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Health, and Environment (ICOSSHE 2014) on August 26-27, 2014 at Bali, Indonesia.

With the theme “Integrity in Governance, Hearts across Borders, Nourishing Environment,” we hope the outcomes of this conference will be of vital use and application to the environmental concerns of the world. Your efforts bring to fore the realization that the care and sustainability of the environment, our health included, is a collective and collaborative thrust of nations, transcending borders, faith, and political ideologies.

MESSAGE

Again, kudos to IAMURE and here’s hoping and looking forward to future conferences touching on our roles in protecting and preserving humanity’s health and the environment!

Arriba Letran!

REV. FR. HONORATO C. CASTIGADOR, O.P. Rector and President Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba Calamba City, Laguna

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programme 3rd International Conference on Social Sciences, Health, and Environment (ICOSSHE 2014) THE STONES HOTEL, BALI, INDONESIA August 26-27, 2014 Theme: “Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment.”

PICTORIALS

12:16 – 1:30 p.m.

LUNCHBREAK

1:31 – 6:10 p.m.

International Paper Presentations

Master of Ceremonies: MR. LEO ANDREW B. BICLAR

University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

DAY 1 August 26, 2014

8:01 – 8:30 a.m.

Registration at Meeting Room 3,

The Stones Hotel 8:31 – 9:00 a.m.

12:01 – 12:15 p.m.

DAY 2 August 27, 2014

Morning Break

9:01 – 9:05 a.m.

Video Presentation: Ecotourism of Bali, Indonesia 9:06 – 9:10 a.m.

Invocation

9:11 – 9:18 a.m.

National Anthem of the Philippines

National Anthem of Indonesia

8:01 – 8:30 a.m.

Registration at Meeting Room 3, The Stones Hotel

8:31 – 8:45 a.m.

Morning Break/ Video Presentation of IAMURE Conferences

8:46 – 8:50 a.m.

Invocation

8:51 – 9:00 a.m.

National Anthem of Australia National Anthem of Egypt National Anthem of Thailand

9:01 – 9:10 a.m.

Opening Remarks MS. MARIA CRISTINA O. GALBAN Faculty

Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines

9:19 – 9:25 a.m.

IAMURE Hymn

9:26 – 9:33 a.m.

Opening Remarks Dr. Genaro V. Japos

President, IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research

9:11 – 9:20 a.m.

9:34 – 9:41 a.m.

Message PROF. DR. TATIK SURYANI President

STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

Message PROF. DR. DJUWARI Director of Language Laboratory STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

9:21 – 9:30 a.m.

Message

DR. ALEXANDER FRANCO A. DELANTAR College Dean

Cebu Institute of Technology – University, Philippines

9:42 – 9:49 a.m.

Indonesia Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts MS. JUDITH J. BATIN

University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

9:50 – 10:04 a.m.

Awarding Ceremonies

Outstanding World Researcher

Outstanding World Research Leader

Outstanding Research Leader of the Philippines

Outstanding World Journal Editor

World Research Productivity Award

Best Abstract Awards

IAMURE World Publication Awards 10:05 – 10:30 a.m. Plenary Paper: Conducting a Study on Sensitive

Topic in Fragile Situation: Lessons

and Considerations in Afghanistan DR. CHONA R. ECHAVEZ

Deputy Director, Research

Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghanistan

10:31 – 12:00 p.m. International Paper Presentations

9:31 – 12:00 p.m.

12:01 – 1:30 p.m.

International Paper Presentations

1:31 – 3:30 p.m.

International Paper Presentations

3:31 – 3:50 p.m.

Awarding Ceremonies

3:51 – 6:00 p.m.

Ecotourism of Bali, Indonesia (Private Arrangements)

LUNCHBREAK

Master of Ceremonies: MS. SHERILL A. GILBAS

University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

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Outstanding World Researcher Peter Satterthwaite Flinders University, Australia H-index: 5

Outstanding World Research leader JOSE JUREL M. NUEVO Our Lady of Fatima University, Philippines

Outstanding Research leader of the philippines ALEXANDER FRANCO A. DELANTAR Cebu Institute of Technology – University, Philippines

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Outstanding Country Representative DJUWARI STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

Outstanding World Journal Editor JOSE JUREL M. NUEVO Our Lady of Fatima University, Philippines

World Research Productivity Award TATIK SURYANI STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia

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IAMURE World Publication Awards Silver

ENI WURYANI State University Surabaya, Indonesia

Pearl

SUKESI University of Dr. Soetomo, Indonesia

SHERILL A. GILBAS University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

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Best Abstract Awards Best Abstract for Social Sciences

THUNRADEE TAVEEKAN Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Title of Study: Involving Civil Society in Local Governing Process and Environmental Policy: Evidences from Two Case Studies in Thailand

Best Abstract for Health

TAWAT WICHIANPRAPHA Khlung Hospital, Thailand Title of Study: The Effects of Therapeutic Massage on the Range of Motion of Knee Joints among Patients with Osteoarthritis

Best Abstract for Environment

JESSICA M. AVENIDO University of San Jose - Recoletos, Philippines Title of Study: The World’s Leader in the Palm Oil Industry: Indonesia

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board of judges WILSON L. TISERA, Ph.D Arthawacana Christian University Indonesia

ROMEO D. CATURAO, Ph.D University of Antique, Tario-Lim Memorial Campus Philippines

GILMORE G. SOLIDUM, Ph.D Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Philippines

BERNARDO C. LUNAR, Ph.D De La Salle Lipa Philippines

DONNA LOU E. NERI, Ph.D UCSI University Malaysia

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Synthesis

of the ICOSSHE 2014 Abstracts MS. JUDITH J. BATIN University of Santo Tomas, Philippines

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ccording to Arthur Clarke, “The only way of discovering the limits of the possible is to venture a little way past them into the impossible.”

To be a scholar is not an easy task, a cliché though. It is a tedious and expensive endeavor. Yet, we are all gathered here, like an intellectual family reunion, with the same goal, each is enthusiastic to take turn to share his or her beautiful scientific and literary journeys.

We came from different regions and countries, but we have a common endeavor – re-sounding the pedagogical research.

The theme of the 3rd International Conference in Social Sciences, Health, and Environment (ICOSSHE 2014) is “Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment.” The objectives of the conference are to: (1) provide a forum for professional and student researchers across the world as means for dissemination and utilization of high impact researches; (2) nourish collaborations among researchers and institutions in the promotion and production of researches; (3) recognize meritorious contributions of world researchers and institutions; and (4) promote quality research publications as credible sources of scientific literature.

A number of papers focus on financial and business issues such as the effects of fund distribution on banks’ profitability, measures to enhance customer commitment and loyalty in banking institutions, financial statements as predictors of a company’s capacity to attract investors, and marketing strategies to increase the competitiveness of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s.) One dwells on the effectiveness of motivational programs and awards to enhance productivity at the workplace.

Some dwell on health and medical area issues, proposing interventions in the treatment of pain and the use of medicinal plants as alternative medicine. In a world where drugs and synthetic medicines are very costly, this area of research is worthy of consideration. So is the diversification of the palm oil industry to come up with new products with health benefits.

Educational concerns are discussed in some papers, such as the need for innovative techniques to improve English language instruction, the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching science, and dealing with children with disruptive behavior in the classroom. Linguistic studies focused on the language used in computer-mediated communication and rhetorical moves expressing modality in some academic journal article.

An assessment of the physical fitness regimen of athletics and the physical education program offered in higher education institutions points to its importance not only for the development of physical skills but of mental ability and social skills as well.

One paper is a case study on the involvement of civil society at the level in governance and formulation and implementation of environmental policy. Another identifies the cultural aspects of transmigration and its impact on the behavior of the transmigrants’ origin and on that of their new location. Still another underscores the crucial role of interpersonal communication in assessing humanitarian measures implemented in areas heavily ravaged by the strong typhoons that have recently visited the Philippines.

The challenges set by IAMURE multidisciplinary conference moved us, the scholars and researchers, to respond and share the scientific truth covering a variety of concerns, from the social and political, to the preservation and dissemination of traditional material and non-material culture.

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The urgency of studying and preserving a people’s traditional material and non-material culture is again highlighted in the papers that analyze three oral and unwritten literary works. Using the descriptive-qualitative approach, they look into the cultural-domestic and sociopolitical themes, the life ways, traditional values and world views reflected in these works that are now being slowly eroded by rapid modernization and globalization. As one of the authors puts it, understanding one’s culture provides a better view of the world.

“The measure of greatness in a scientific idea is the extent to which it stimulates thought and opens up new lines of research.” (Paul Dirac) In the light of this diversity of topics covered in the conference, the following recommendations have emerged: Application Findings

of

Potential Areas (Subjects) for Research • Medicinal plants endemic to the region or country as alternative medicine.

• The use of computer-mediated communication in developing effective language skills.

• More studies on traditional medical practices and interventions that can be adopted to lessen the burden of costly medical treatments.

• Literary and anthropological research on folklore.

According to Charles Kettering, “A research problem is not solved by apparatus; it is solved in a man’s head.” This construed the view of Seneca:

Research

“The time will come when diligent research over long period will bring to light things which now lie hidden.

A single lifetime, even though entirely devoted to the sky, would not be enough for the investigation of so vast as subject…And so this knowledge will be unfolded only through long successive ages.

There will come a time when our descendants will be amazed that we did not know things that are so plain to them…Many discoveries are reserved for ages still to come, when memory of us will have been effaced.”

• The involvement of civil society at the local and national levels in governance and policy making and implementation.

• Adoption of tested marketing strategies to enhance competitiveness.

• Improvement of workers’ efficiency and productivity through sustainable motivational programs in the work place.

• Adoption of tested interventions in dealing with children with disruptive behavior in the classroom.

• Use of research outputs in classroom discussions when deemed appropriate.

It is therefore our responsibility as scholars to pass on the scientific tradition of research and influence our colleagues and students to uphold and continue our great scientific endeavor to illuminate not only our selves but of the entire humanity. The publication of our findings must not remain in the shelves but will be shared to a greater populace and serve as inspiration and point of reference of the emerging research enthusiasts. This then will be our legacy.

Promotion of Research • Promotion by school administrators of the research culture in all levels through the provision of grants and technological support.

• Publication of researches in national and international journals.

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An Essay on

Research Leadership By: ALEXANDER FRANCO A. DELANTAR

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writing of a wise man once read: Allá muy lejos, en el sol, se encontrán mis mas altas aspiraciones; a lo mejor no las alcance, pero peudo remontarme, contemplar su belleza, creer en ellas y tratar de siguerlas adonde vayán. Far away, there in the sun are my highest aspirations; I may not reach them, but I can look up, see their beauty, and try to follow where they lead.

Accreditor in the Area of Research provided me with a strategic reach to Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), empowering my person with a persuasive influence on the academic community of the nation. AS PACUCOA Accreditor in the Area of Research, I was given the opportunity to examine the institution’s research culture and its degree of development and to review the research organizational structure and the way the the academic community members do things to promote research. Interacting with school owners and key academic officials, I provide insightful recommendations leading to heightened awareness on research, the eventual development of a research culture, incremental growth of research productivity, the HEI’s membership with national and international research organizations, their involvement in research conferences, the production of quality research, and ultimately readying their output for national and international publication. I am saddened by the present state of affairs concerning Philippine productivity in research, and I have dedicated myself to ensuring that the Philippine academic community will rise up from this lamentable quagmire of research lethargy.

This quixotic idealism inspired me all through my youth, and it remained in my heart long after my youth began dissipating.

As a young man, I was a struggler fighting ignorance and poverty. I had been a working student all my life, and this dominant feature of my education, ensured that everything I did in life were about advocacies for goodness and betterment.

Since I did not get things easy, I was accustomed to hard work. To me, giving up a cause is a concept that I could not accept. My advocacy on knowledge generation, in a country tobogganing towards the bottom of the international statistics on research productivity, must never know capitulation.

Knowledge Contribution to Home Country

As member of the Board of Trustees of the Central Visayas Federation of Higher Education Association (CVFHEA), I have become a clamorous and emphatic advocate on research, prodding higher education associations to assume the role of being local catalysts of research activities, enhancing local research productivity and creating vital connections with research organizations.

My pivotal role as member of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Technical Panel on the Expanded Tertiary Education Equivalency & Accreditation Program (ETEEAP) afforded to me the golden opportunity of helping thousands upon thousands of Filipino college drop-outs and High School graduates who have failed to enroll in college.

Despite their academic handicap, there were those who had been assimilated into the labor milieu, survived, acquired experience and persisted. These groups had become an indispensable part of the Philippine labor force, working not just locally but beyond the Philippine borders. Unfortunately, the absence of college academic credentials had become a lead weight that limited their promotion and advancement upward the organizational hierarchy. To remedy this regrettable condition, the Office of the President promulgated in the mid-1990s Executive Order 330 which, among others, provided for the grant of college degrees to Filipinos with 5 or more years of meaningful and relevant experience. As CHED Technical Panel member, I have provided knowledge and expertise consultancy to the Commission in the formulation of policies, standards and guidelines in the drafting of CHED Memorandum Orders governing the implementation of Executive Order 330. I also participate in the monitoring of ETEEAP purveyors, ensuring uncompromising standards in the validation and equivalency processes.

As member of the Regional Quality Assurance Team (RQAT), I visit higher education institutions and operate as CHED’s deputy, ensuring HEI compliance with education standards, not just in research, but in all areas comprehending the entire gamut of their operations.

As President of the Association of Deans and Educators in Business (ADEB7), I am situated at a central role of influencing my colleagues in gestating a research mindset, creating positive ripples to member schools.

As member of the Technical Working Group of CHEDRO7, I am actively involved in the formulation of regional policies governing and guiding HEIs in the offering of cutting-edge academic programs, scrapping of oversubscribed programs, and the purposeful management of existing ones.

As an accredited human resource trainer, I have acted as resource speaker and facilitator in over 300 training runs in the Philippines and abroad, incrementally replicating knowledge

My vantage role as Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA)

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to exercise leadership and radiate enthusiasm in the area of research. I have offered myself as adviser or as co-author of my faculty, provided guidance and motivation from the inception of the research project, all the way to its completion. I became the self-appointed reviewer and editor of almost all projects, examining not only the content, but also the grammar of each single research project. When the faculty complained that he/she does not have the material time, I had to go out of my way to help the faculty rearrange her teaching schedule.

When the researcher balks due to meager resources, I have to spare whatever little personal resources I have. Whenever a researcher expresses that he/she is not carved out for research, I have to demonstrate to him/her that he/she has what it takes to be a researcher.

and skills in diverse disciplines and areas of concerns.

As member of the Multi Sectoral Advisory Council (MSAC) of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), I was catapulted into the heartland of grassroots involvement, ensuring my predominance in the influencing of local government policies. With this role, I am placed at the core in the advocacy towards completed researches utilization in the local government units and communities, and the periodic evaluation of the implementation outcome.

This last step completes the cycle of all concerted efforts in the research domain.

Contribution to the World Scientific Community

My family had been very supportive, and I heard no complaints about the long hours I invested on research hours that should have been spent with them. Balancing time to be spent with the people I love and time spent on leading professionals in the research endeavors is precarious at best, but the people I loved never complained about the lopsided tilt.

Whatever little contribution I have given to the world scientific community is dwarfed even more by the enormity of the challenges confronting the Philippine scientific and academic arena. My contribution to the world scientific community had never been prominent and conspicuous.

This is because the compelling agenda as of the moment is to elevate the research consciousness and promote research productivity of the local scientific and academic community.

This massive and enormous task must be undertaken at the grassroots level, albeit silently. This does not negate the fact that orchestrating grassroots research is absolutely demanding of one’s time and is a ravenous drainer of one’s resources.

However, we need to have an uncomplaining production crew willing to sacrifice and do the grueling work if ever we intend to produce award-winning actors.

In perspective my values turned out to be a formidable foundation in my quest at building an ark where faculty members with seminal research predilections can seek refuge in turbulent weathers. The leadership values of qualityorientation, passion for scientific truth, empathy with people, sacrifice, leading by example, perseverance and determination all contributed to transforming my person as a more dependable leader, a research colleague, and a better human being.

Confluence of Factors Contributing to Present Status I have always dreamed of becoming a published researcher, but for a long time, I had been limited at producing research in areas at the workplace (gemba) that counts most to company profitability. Being published remained in the realm of dreams. Research publication had never been in the agenda of the industrial sector. Whatever researches an internal specialist accomplishes, are immediately utilized in the workplace without regard to publication, lest whatever advances and strides a researcher contributes will benefit the competition as well, nullifying the edge that the company has achieved by reason of the breakthrough.

Purpose in Life

It was when I became Dean of a local technological college (that later became a university) when I began discerning the dismal picture of sluggishness in research activities. I sensed that the Vice president for Academic Affairs, my predecessor of the Deanship, was a lone ranger in her battle against research aversion of the academia. The owners were halfhearted at the idea of promoting research culture if it would mean commitment of financial resources, and the VPAA was at best limited by her own lack of skill and inexperience on research. Furthermore, the VPAA’s position was swarmed by supervening priorities and she can only do as much. I felt that research was done not because the academic community was devoted to it but because largely, the academic community considered it as distasteful requirement for university status, for autonomy from CHED, to be recognized as a Center of Excellence and for accreditation purposes. The VPAA needed all the help she can get. As Dean of a growing college, I have

Looking back in retrospect, looking inwards in introspection, looking around in circumspection and looking beyond my own prospects of tomorrow, I see a better world- a much better world than what we have. I may not become part of that ideal world, but I want to bask in the glory of the belief that I once was a humble part of the struggle to make that better world a reality. I may not be remembered by the people of that distant world, but as long the many seemingly insignificant people whose lives I have touched have spoken to each other in soft voices ‘he did some good to me…’, my life shall have come full circle, be that fulfillment take place beyond my mortal existence.

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

I believe I was born for a purpose. The purpose had never been the generation of wealth and fame for my own personal gratification. I believe the raison d’être of my existence is to initiate and replicate goodness, however insignificant it may appear at the onset. I believe that we are living in a universe of connectivity- that our own seemingly insignificant animal existence is part of the greater whole, that one sincere effort by one person can never go to waste and that whatever little good we do will ripple out to the rest of the universe.

Appreciating the beauty of people’s aspirations is the first step towards achieving those aspirations. I see the journey as more gratifying than the destination itself.

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

Outstanding World Research Leader A w ard E ssay

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go by a simple principle in life as personified by the Great Mao Zhe Dong “Do not do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you”. These eternal words have been my guiding principle since as long as I can remember. I have always been mindful of everything that I do in life guided by the wisdom of such immortal words.

In my daily routine, say for example, I see to it that a simple conversation is at ease and vibrant. I’m very sensitive to what I say to others so as not to hurt their feelings. Also, not only that I mind what I say, but most importantly, I mind how I say it. I actually call it random acts of simple kindness. I make a constant effort to do the right things because I simply believe that what goes around comes around. As long as I keep this in my mind, I am always mindful of what I say or do.

I am not a perfect person, like anybody else. I also make mistakes but these mistakes are instrument for me to better myself. For I believe that experience is the best teacher and the best experience is failure. We don’t get successful just because we are great, but because of how we use our God given gifts for the good of humanity and what perfect way to contribute to the welfare of humanity but through the noble intention of research.

Most of the people in the academe have this noble mandate as part of their academic exercise, but only but a few sees the opportunity to make this as a platform of making a difference in the world.

What better way to alleviate the sorrows that envelope the face of the earth, but to do credible research, however, I have taken upon myself the noble dictum that we should be the change that we want to be, so I took it upon myself not only to do research but to be a leader in this field. I have been part of the Our Lady of Fatima Research pillars and was a former Assistant Research Director. This has given me the avenue to be an instrument for my institution to push research agenda that benefits not only the institution but also the community. We have been instrumental in assessing the true status of the Tullahan River in Valenzuela City, Philippines. Through the years, we have been instrumental in various arrays of community

and developmental research which was used by other institutions in similar studies.

More recently, when I got the chance to be entrusted with a crucial position in the Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology, Inc. (PASMETH, Inc.) as Vice President, I was given the chairmanship of the research and publication committee. This was for me was the most opportune time to launch an ambitious endeavor, but amidst all adversities and challenges, we were able to launch two (2) volumes of the Asia Pacific Journal of Medical Laboratory Science (APJOMLAS) which is a peer reviewed and referred international journal published once a year, by the Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health Inc. (PASMETH, Inc.), it publishes scholarly papers, descriptive and timely reports, and continuing informations and findings related to research and development in the practice and education of Medical Laboratory Science. It contains research outputs presented in local and international fora. It is being published to enlighten the Medical Laboratory Science community about the quality of our researches to encourage, especially our students, to pursue research as an avenue for maximizing learning potential and at its truest essence contribute to the betterment of lives.

My principle is deeply rooted in my upbringing as my parents have always instilled in me the value of doing good things to others even if others cannot. For in God’s most opportune time, all of these will not go unnoticed. As I always remind myself, if we can do good things to others, we have to do those things. It’s not a matter of choice but a responsibility. With this I become humble as I am forever reminded that God is above me all the time which makes me fully human.

Your humble servant in research.

Jose Jurel M. Nuevo, RMT, PhD Editor in Chief Asia Pacific of Journal of Medical Laboratory Science Dean, College of Medical Laboratory Science Our Lady of Fatima University

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Plenary Paper

Conducting a study on a sensitive topic in a fragile situation: Lessons and considerations in Afghanistan Chona R. Echavez ORCID No. 0000-0002-4997-5824 chona@areu.org.af Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, Afghanistan

T

uptake; 5) Awareness of the dual role of getting local people as part of the team as facilitating and hindering factors in the research process; 6) Advance mapping and reconnaissance of study areas about security, cultural and sensitivity issues as there are commonalities at the same time context specific dynamics of study areas, and 7) Team composition – balance of male and female team members, ethnic affiliation and issue of mahram among female researchers need to be taken into consideration. Ethical consideration is forefront in the conduct of any research studies; however in conducting a sensitive topic in a fragile environment extra care and mechanism should be put in place to make sure that it is strictly followed.

Extra effort and training on the part of the research team be made to ensure that participants of the study are not harmed, informants remain anonymous, and information given from informants are kept extremely confidential. The balancing act of obtaining a good data and taking into consideration ethical issues was a primary consideration by the team conducting the research.

The difficulty of the task was magnified with the sensitivity of the context as well as the topic being studied coupled with the fragility of the situation studied. Sensitivity of the topic and its importance to be unpacked and the fragility of the environment call for a very strong observance of research ethics and the call for ‘doing no harm.’

The Helsinki Declaration of 1964 that calls for clients’ welfare is never more true today: “In research on humans, the interest of science and society should never take precedence over considerations related to the well-being of the subject.”

he Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU) with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) embarked a study that looked into specific circumstances and motivations leading Afghan children to travel to Europe and other industrialized countries which would inform future policy and strategic planning on this issue.

The study took a comparative look of high-sending provinces (Nangarhar and Ghazni/Kabul) and low sending provinces (Bamiyan and Paktya).

The study adopted a Post-Observation (in this case sending areas of young Afghans departing to industrialised countries) Only Comparison Group Design. It also examined the ethnicity factor by comparing high sending and low sending communities that are predominant Pashto (Nangarhar and Paktya) or Hazara (Bamiyan and Ghazni/Kabul). Lessons gleaned from the conduct of the study are as follows: 1) Due to the sensitivity of the topic precautions need to be in place to protect both the participants of the study and the research team that conducted the study; 2) Multiple techniques need to be adopted to complement and validate the information gathered from informants and participants of the study; 3) Time is needed to introduce the study in the community and for families to feel at ease and comfortable to share their stories; 4) Involvement of stakeholders right at the very beginning of the study of their inputs what have been done and what initiatives/structures are in place from their end about the issue.

The said stakeholders formed as a consultative group to ensure early buy-in with the research and validation with research findings and continued policy relevance

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment DAY 1

Pre-Post Personal Meaning Mapping of Children with Disruptive Behavior and a Proposed Program: The Case of Elementary Pupils in Dasmariñas City, Philippines Llanely V. Fabello ORCID No. 000-0002-0261-6584 yani_fabello@yahoo.com Imus Institute, Philippines Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 10:31 – 10:50 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 Behaviour problems can be challenging especially to those teachers who deal with primary school children because pupils may not always fully comprehend their situation. This study is a pre-post intervention assessment of elementary school pupils with disruptive behavior, using the Personal Meaning Mapping approach. The three types of intervention adopted were: (a) heart-toheart talk between pupils and their parents, (b) group-sharing and (c) watching a movie or documentary on bullying. Thereafter, an intervention program was designed where the environment of the pupils was considered, i.e., home, school and community.

Respondents of the study were Grade VI pupils of four elementary schools in Dasmariñas City, their parents, classroom teachers, and guidance counselors. The study revealed that there were positive changes in the disruptive behaviour of pupils; the children were manageable in the post-assessment stage; and the pupils gained insights of their own disruptive behaviour. With respect to intervention, parental intervention produced a consistent change in behaviour and thus, recommended. Similarly, the pupils should be encouraged leadership, flexibility, creativity and other skills; and, Personal Meaning Mapping should be included in the school’s guidance program as an integral part of counseling services.

Keywords: Education, pupils, disruptive behaviour, intervention, personal meaning mapping, descriptive design, Philippines

The Effects of Therapeutic Massage on the Range of Motion of Knee Joints among Patients with Osteoarthritis Tawat Wichianprapha ORCHID No.0000-0001-8104-1688 joi_nhso@hotmail.com Khlung Hospital, Thailand Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 10:51 – 11:10 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 Osteoarthritis is a serious health problem in Thailand. The therapeutic massage is an alternative medicine to increase range of motion of knee joints. This study aimed to examine the effects of therapeutic massage on the range of motion of knee joints among patients with osteoarthritis. The samples were 32 osteoarthritis patients seeking treatment at Khlung Hospital. The samples were purposively selected and given therapeutic massage for 3 weeks. The study tools used are: 1) questionnaire which consists of two parts: demographic characteristics and a form for range movement of knee joint record; and 2) goniometer where range movements of knee joint before and after receiving therapeutic massage were compared by Paired t-test. The results revealed that after receiving therapeutic massage, average scores of range movement of knee flextion and extension were significantly higher than that before receiving therapeutic massage(t = 7.759 p <.05, t = 7.744 pp <.05 respectively). The findings showed that the therapeutic massage could increase the range movement of knee joints. Therefore, therapeutic massage should be promoted as a complementary medicine among osteoarthritis patients.

Keywords: Health Education, therapeutic massage, range movement, osteoarthritis, quasi-experimental design, Thailand

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Combination Activity of Gynuranepalensis and Ananascomosus Leaves Extract as Anti- hyperlipidemic in High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Sprague Dawley Rats Maria Luisa R. Olano ORCID No. 0000-0002-6250-8163 deanjurelmnuevo@yahoo.com Our Lady of Fatima University, Philippines Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 11:11 – 11:30 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 Cardiovascular diseases and its other form is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, attributed to abnormal serum lipid level. The study sought the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the combined extract of Ananas comosus and Gynura nepalensis in lowering lipid profile of high fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemic Spragaue-dawley rats. The study employed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and conducted post hoc analysis using Dunnett Multiple Comparisons Test. Statistical administration of the ethanolic combine extract of 100mg/kg per body weight to a different group showed a significant decrease (P< 0.01) in the amount of the Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL and VLDL-C compared with cholesterol-fed group. Administration of the combined extract of 250 mg/kg per body weight to a different group also showed an extremely decreased in amount TC, TG, LDL, VLDL significantly compared with the cholesterol-fed group. The overall experimentation concludes that the combined extract of Ananas comosus and Gynura nepalensis is an extremely potent antihyperlipidemic agent.

Keywords: Science and Clinical Laboratory, cardiovascular disease, Gynura nepalensis, Ananas comosus, experimental design, Philippines

Critical Analysis of the Perfect Attendance Award: A Motivational Program of a Food Manufacturing Company Alexander Franco A. Delantar ORCID No. 0000-0003-1833-5899 alexander.franco.delantar@gmail.com Cebu Institute of Technology – University, Philippines Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 1:31 – 1:50 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Attendance of workers is critical to the efficient operation of the production lines. Absence and tardiness disrupt production line operations by approximately 20 mins which, in a high-speed production line, translates to decrease in production by thousands of units. The study determined the effectiveness of the motivation program and rationalized the data gathered in the light of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory.

Documentary analysis and interviews were conducted. The key informants included human resource practitioners, plant supervisors, and workers who are eligible for the award. The study revealed that the award system was effective on the first two years of implementation, i.e. incremental productivity in monetary terms far exceeded the cost of the program. On the third year, the incremental productivity was minimal. On the fourth to fifth year, the cost of program administration, in terms of contemporaneous productivity, no longer justified the continuation of the program. Furthermore, a number of workers committed administrative infractions just so to obtain the award.

The study concludes that in the first two years of program implementation, the motivation program accomplished its objective; however, after continuous implementation, the award deteriorated into a maintenance factor. Furthermore, problematic and unwanted behaviors surfaced, particularly commission of fraud and collusion to obtain the award, leading to the demoralization of employees. The study recommends that motivation programs should be promotional, and award systems should immediately be evaluated for incremental productivity after one full-cycle.

Keywords: Motivation, maintenance, hygiene, perfect attendance, absenteeism, tardiness, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, descriptive design, Philippines

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment DAY 1

Bankruptcy Prediction: Themes, Trends, and Prospective Research Platform Nur Suci ORCID No. 0000-0003-2708-901X nursuci@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 1:51 – 2:10 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 The global financial crisis started in 2007 and persisted along with the recent financial scandals. Along the time, bankruptcy prediction has been one of the targets that many researchers tried to accomplish. Bankruptcy is one of the most important challenges that firms and businesses in an economic system of any country confront. In this respect, they are searching for methods for estimating financial bankruptcy of the firms. Many case studies have been performed in estimating firms’ bankruptcy prediction models. Several models were proposed basing the analysis on the traditional financial ratios developed by Altman (1968) using multivariate discriminant analysis. This study traces the literature on bankruptcy prediction from 1977 to present focusing on the use of simple ratio analysis to predict future bankruptcy. Using the meta-analysis approach, it discusses how bankruptcy prediction studies recognize the use of variables related to the existing research structure, i.e. regression model, and type, number and variety of variables used in models and specific uses of bankruptcy prediction models. The population of the survey includes bankruptcy models performed during 1977 to 2014 published in articles, thesis, and research reports, or have been reached the surveyor in other ways. Analysis of 50 bankruptcy prediction studies published from 1977 to 2014 reveals trends in model development. Findings imply the use of many kinds of models (Z-Score, Case-Based Reasoning/CBR, Neural Network) and variables (financial ratios).

Keywords: Business, bankruptcy, bankruptcy prediction models and variables, meta-analysis, Indonesia

The Socio-Political Symbols in the Ifugao Epic “Hudhud of Dinulawan and Bugan at Gonhadan” Judith J. Batin ORCID No. 0000-0002-7756-2947 jetbatin@gmail.com University of Santo Tomas, Philippines Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 2:11 – 2:30 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 In 2001, UNESCO proclaimed the Ifugao epic hudhud as one of the 19 masterpieces of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity.

This study is focused on the traditional marriage rite of the wealthy Ifugao people in the ancient times as a reflection of the sociopolitical culture and tradition. The analysis is anchored on E. Arsenio Manuel’s theory of the Philippine ethno-epic. A descriptivequalitative method was used in this study. Immersion, observation and random informal interviews in Ifugao (Kiangan, Asipulo and Lagawe) were employed in gathering and validating data. This study determined the socio-political symbols reflected in the narrative structure and characterization of the epic and examined how the traditional marriage rite (uyauy) definews the socio-political stratification of the Ifugao people. The hudhud variant of study is a historical record of the traditional and unique customary laws of the ancient Ifugao people that have survived to this modern age. The characters bring us the perspective that defines the traditional culture of the Ifugao people despite the Christianization and modernization. The epic unfolds the beauty and legacy of the great ancestors of the highland that needs to be protected and preserved.

Keywords: Literature, Ifugao socio-political culture, Ifugao traditional marriage rite, descriptive-qualitative method, Philippines

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Grammatical Errors in English by Students of Non-native English Speakers at STIE Perbanas Surabaya Kartika Marta Budiana ORCID No. 0000-0002-9770-2409 kartika@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 2:51 – 3:10 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Errors in writing for the students of non-English native speakers have been crucial so far for the teachers in language teaching in Indonesia. This study attempts to explore the grammatical error of English made by students of STIE Perbanas Surabaya. These errors include the types of errors in writing that are presented in percentage and some possible ways to eliminate these errors. The study is a qualitative research using case study analysis derived from SLA (Second Language Acquisition). First, 30 students of threeyear undergraduate program were given treatment on how to write a paragraph during a certain process of learning. They were given a topic for making a paragraph. These were analyzed based on Error Analysis (EA) Theory. It was found out that there are eight types of errors identified such as verb form, word order, article omission, S-V agreement, be omission, adjective, preposition omission, and pronoun omission. The errors are subsequently ordered such as the verb form, followed by word order, subject-verb agreement, article omission, be omission, preposition omission, adjective, and finally the pronoun omission. All these have been discovered and can be used for further treatment on how to treat students in the learning process.

Keyword: Language, error analysis, Error Analysis Theory, second language acquisition, grammatical errors, descriptive design, Indonesia

Involving Civil Society in Local Governing Process and Environmental Policy: Evidences from Two Case Studies in Thailand Thunradee Taveekan ORCID No. 0000-0002-4199-7025 thunradee.t@psu.ac.th Prince of Songkla University, Thailand Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 3:11 –3:30 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Public administration and governance studies at the national or local level have widely considered and emphasized on the inclusion of the civil society in governance as a key element to improve public affairs and promote public participation. In Thailand, the involvement between governmental agencies and civil society groups is innovative and challenging. Concerned with the lack of profound understanding of the collaborative approach in Thai context, this paper seeks to explore the nature of local governance and its impact on the interaction among the actors against the backdrop of engaging civil society in local environmental policy.

The case study and ethnography were employed as research methods at two Thai local communities. The data are narrative, and description derived from the document, in-depth interview, and observation notes. Based on content analysis informed by ground theory, the study evidences on the shift of local governance mode form fragmented institutions to network forms of collaboration.

It argues that the collective interactions between public authorities and civil society actors within the collaborative space of governing process include negotiation and adaptive dialogues about trust, mutuality and reciprocity. The paper acknowledges localized conditions as the key factors that determine the state of governance practices.

Keywords: Public Administration, local governance, participation, civil society, collaborative governance, qualitative design, Thailand

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment DAY 1

Food for Love: Bicolanos’ Culture in Merlinda Bobis’ Novel Sherill A. Gilbas ORCID No.0000-0003-4764-1633 sheriillgilbas@gmail.com University of Santo Tomas, Philippines Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 3:31 – 3:50 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Food satisfies hunger and hunger obeys desire. Accordingly, desire and longing result in societal problems. Food and love may be extreme needs of humans, but the fulfilment of a human’s wants through food and love may actually help ease such societal problems. This paper aims to unravel the culture of the Bicolanos as the theme highlighted in Merlinda Bobis’ Banana Heart Summer. As a contemporary novel, Banana Heart Summer depicts the material and nonmaterial culture of Region V known as the Bicol Region. The paper presents an analysis of the novel’s creative representation of food towards characters and their relationships with one another. The researcher employed Freud’s psychoanalytic theory on the pleasure and reality principles.

Likewise, the cultural and gender studies and semiotics are applied in the treatment of material. This descriptive-qualitative type of analysis employed on the novel highlights how cultural-domestic issues and socio-political problems brought along by poverty for food and love can be triumphed over through strong family bonds, religion-induced faith, culture-bound tradition, and palatable dishes on the table. The entire novel suggests hope and positivity amidst the evident “hunger”. It offers awareness of the different types of hunger brought along by the socio-historical and political issues. The understanding of one’s culture provides better view of the world; this worldview may help identify the locale’s distinctiveness.

Keywords: Literature, Bicolanos material and nonmaterial culture, socio-historical and political issues, Descriptive- qualitative analysis, semiotics, cultural and gender studies, Region V, Philippines

The Effect of Relational Benefits in Credit-Delivering Services on Satisfaction and the Impact on Customers Commitment and Loyalty in Banking Industries Tatik Suryani ORCID No. 0000-0002-7472-9617 tatik@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 4:01 – 4:20 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 In marketing, gaining a sustainable business performance is considered essential. Therefore, to maintain a long-term relationship is an important effort for gaining the sustainable business performance, especially in banking industries. In this case, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as potential customers should be satisfied and served by delivering superior benefits. Previous studies in services found that the relational benefit has a positive contribution to creating customer satisfaction. However, there is a dearth of studies on the positive contribution of relational benefit in banking industries. This research examines the effect of relational benefits on customer satisfaction and the effect of customer satisfaction on commitment and loyalty. Research involved 265 SME owners who took credit in banking industries in Indonesia. The analysis was done by using SEM with Wrap PLS 4.0.

The result shows that the relational benefits have significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has a positive effect significantly on commitment and loyalty. It was found that the effect of satisfaction on customer commitment (0.73) which is bigger than on loyalty (0.40). Significantly, commitment also has a positive effect on loyalty. The implication of this research is that banking industries should provide superior relational benefits by providing social benefits, confidence benefits, and special treatment benefits.

Keywords: Marketing, relational benefits, credit services, satisfaction, commitment, loyalty, descriptive design, Indonesia

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Indonesia: The World’s Leader in the Palm Oil Industry Jessica M. Avenido ORCID No. 0000-0002-8099-5620 jessica.avenido@apps.usjr.edu.ph University of San Jose –Recoletos, Philippines Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 4:21 – 4:40 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Being the world leader in the production of crude palm oil,Indonesia has been successful in serving the domestic and world market with palm products and palm derivatives. The industry contributes US$17.6 billion through exports in 2012. At present, the demand for crude palm oil has soared high due to the increasing awareness of the varied uses of palm oil.The challenge to countries cultivating oil palm is how to cope with the local and global demand.The focus now is to increase plantation areas to produce a higher volume of crude oil to serve the needs of the world market. Today, the total land area planted to oil palm in Indonesia has reached 9.7 million hectares. This study used data mining and Delphi technique by utilizing sources from public domain websites and several databases.This study determined the gap between production and utilization of palm oil products.

It also aimed to provide information to existing industry players, policy makers, future investors, and would-be entrants to the industry on the latest trends. Although Indonesia has been successful in providing the local and international market with palm oil products and palm derivatives, it has to benchmark with other palm-producing countries to avoid industry stagnation. The benchmark shall intensify diversification particularly in the development of new edible products in order to take advantage of the health benefits derived from the use of palm oil.

Keywords: Environmental scanning, palm oil,data mining, Delphi technique, Philippines

The Ability of Cash Flow Statement in Predicting the Profit of the Go-Public Companies Eni Wuryani ORCID No. 0000-0002-8358-726X eniwuryani_bm@yahoo.com State University Surabaya, Indonesia Day 1: Aug. 26, 2014 · Time: 4:41 – 5:00 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 It is important for the companies to be able to predict the profits in any business progress. Therefore, attempts to analyze the cash flows should also be conducted for that purpose. The study analyzed the ability of cash flows in predicting the company’s profit.

The data used consists of the entire annual financial statements taken from the go-public companies as listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia or BEI) in 2010-2012. The list contains 225 companies for analysis. It has its independent variable that is cash flow statement using the proxy of operating cash flow, investment cash flow, and cash flow financing. The dependent variable is in the form of profit. All these data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis indicated that cash flow statement is proven to predict the companies’ profit. Furthermore, it is a fact that all the information contained in the financial statements of cash flows can be expected to assist the investors in making decisions whether they continue to invest their capital or not.

Keywords: Cash flow, operating cash flow, cash flow investment, financing cash flow, income, multiple linear regression, Go Public Company, descriptive design, Indonesia

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment DAY 2

The Effects of Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L) Sw., extract on histamine-induced asthma in Sprague dawley rats Jose Jurel M. Nuevo ORCID No. 0000-0001-5685-883X deanjurelmnuevo@yahoo.com Our Lady of Fatima University, Philippines Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 9:31 – 9:50 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. It targets no specific person and occurs at any age; hence, asthma is becoming rampant worldwide with deaths about 250,000 annually and would further increase to 100 million by 2025. The researchers made use of Caesalphinia pulcherrima as the experimental plant, which contains rich phytochemicals like carbohydrates, saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids that would confirm its anti-asthmatic activity. Leaves of Caesalpinia pulcherrima were dried in shade, powdered and soaked with 80% ethanol extraction. Twenty-five female Spague Dawley rats, weighing 150g-250g were selected and divided into five groups which were composed of Group I: Inducer control (IC), Group II: Standard (STD) received Chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg/kg, i.p., and Group III: CPLE (100mg/kg), Group IV: CPLE (200mg/kg) and Group V: CPLE (400mg/kg) received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o. ethanolic extract of leaves of Caesalpinia pulcherrima, respectively. Experimental bronchial asthma was induced in rats by exposing them to histamine aerosol in a chamber made of Perspex glass until pre-convulsive manifestation occurs and the pre-convulsive time (PCT) was noted. As the result, the ethanolic leaf extract significantly prolonged the latent period of convulsions at the dose of 400mg/kg, p.o. and showed maximum protection of 66% as compared to Chlorpheniramine maleate dose of 2mg/kg p.o. which offered protection of 47% at the 4th hour. For the lung tissues labeled as 400mg/kg, the degree of inflammation of the bronchioles, bronchi and blood vessels surrounding the bronchi is almost the same with that of the positive control.

Keywords: Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Anti- asthma, Chlorpheniramine maleate, Histamine, Phytochemicals, descriptive design, Philippines

Rhetorical Moves of Arguments in Conclusion Sections of Academic Journal Articles Djuwari ORCID No. 0000-0002-2750-3463 djuwari@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 10:31 – 10:50 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 In genre approach for analyzing the texts of academic English, identifying rhetorical moves is beneficial for the writers who want to follow the discourse community and their writing styles. Arguments and their rhetorical moves in research articles published in academic journals are also good for exploration. These arguments are mainly expressed in modality, and these represent the authors’ commitment to arguing, especially in conclusion sections of research articles. This study attempts to reveal how the modality is expressed in academic writing written by the authors of academic journals. The study used a qualitative design utilizing the documents to be analyzed. The research articles (RAs) were submitted by the contributors for publication in academic journals.

There were 30 RAs from three publications selected purposively and analyzed using the three types of modality showing: low commitment, medium commitment, and high commitment. A triangulator or investigator was also employed for peer debriefing to get trustworthiness. From this analysis, the rhetorical moves of the arguments in the conclusion sections can be explored and described. It was found that the authors express their commitments in different ways. Some use high commitments, while others use the medium and low commitments in their conclusion sections.

Keywords: Rhetorical moves, academic journals, low commitment, medium commitment, high commitments, RAs, qualitative design, Indonesia

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ISSN 2094-9529

DAY 2

International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and Environment 2014

Understanding the Filipino Worldviews in Demetillo’s Barter in Panay: An Epic Leo Andrew B. Biclar ORCID No. 0000-0001-7276-1018 leoandrewbibitbiclar@gmail.com University of Santo Tomas, Philippines Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 10:51 – 11:10 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 The Philippines, a treasury of oral folk epics, gives us opportunities to research epics in transition, which implies documenting and introducing them to wider audiences. The losing of living epic tradition attracts national and international attention, and becomes a concern of the state and the educational system. This study is focused on the literary characteristics Ricaredo Demetillo’s (1961) Barter in Panay: An Epic in which his materials were gathered from Maragtas, a semi-legendary record of the Bornean settlement in Panay. The study is anchored to Hornedo’s theory of reality frames in teaching literature. It unfolds the literary characteristics of the text through descriptive-qualitative method employing formalistic-contextualist approach. The study reveals (1) the theme/s through the narration of the persona, (2) the Filipino worldviews in contemporary times though the language of the characters.

Barter in Panay: An Epic reflects the “sweetness and light” of the Filipino lifeways and traditional values. Demetillo’s literary epic is vehicle of preserving our folkloric tradition depicting our Filipino identity and worldview, making the text significant in the canon of Philippine and World literatures. The author emphasizes the urgency to know our past and to revise our understanding of the world within the progress of time.

Keywords: Barter in Panay, Folk Literature, Formalistic-Contextualist Approach, Reality Frames in Teaching Literature, Literary Epic, Central Panay, Philippines

Social Stratification of Linguistic Forms in Text Messages of Selected Cebuanos Jade Flores Bamba ORCID No. 0000-0002-2095-8414 jade_bamba@lsu.edu.ph La Salle University-Ozamiz, Philippines Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 11:11 – 11:30 am Venue: Meeting Room 3 While cellular phones have become common among Filipinos, Panao (2011) contends that even though such accessibility may have bridged the digital gap, it is far from eradicating social divides between the rich and poor. Class divide is very apparent based on usage alone. This divide is more a function of income and education than availability of technology. Three aims of this study include: 1) finding out whether social stratification is evident in the text messages of people from lower, middle, and upper classes; 2) affirming the relationship between social stratification and linguistic forms usage; and 3) exploring noticeable patterns in texting styles of participants. Employing mixed methods design, linguistic forms used by participants were described and analyzed. More so, noticeable patterns in the texting styles of 18 participants (six for each social class, males and females equally represented) were also accounted. Three linguistic forms: shortenings, punctuations and letters/numbers/homophones are frequently used by the participants across the three social classes to facilitate ease of texting and to shorten long words. Two form categories are socially stratified: punctuations and accent stylization. Thus, knowing the linguistic forms used by an individual can lead to knowledge of his/her social status.

Keywords: Sociolinguistics, computer-mediated communication (CMC), social stratification, linguistic forms, textual analysis, mixed methods design, Philippines

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment DAY 2

Factors Affecting Science Teachers’ Use of ICT Joza Alshemmari ORCID No. 0000-0002-4648-7446 oza7979@yahoo.com University of Southern Queensland, Australia Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 1:51 – 2:10 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is a parsimonious model that has been widely used to predict the user behavior regarding the acceptance of technology. TAM was adapted in this study to develop a new model Information and Communication Technology Acceptance Model (ICTAM) to predict and explain primary science teachers’ use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning. The survey in the study consisted of eight parts: 1) computer self-efficacy, 2) subjective norms, 3) external barriers, 4) ease of use, 5) usefulness, 6) attitude toward using ICT in teaching, 7) intention, and 8) actual use of ICT in teaching scales. Data were gathered from 500 primary science teachers from six districts in Kuwait using a survey questionnaire.

The study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using statistical software AMOS version 21 to evaluate the ability of the proposed model in predicting primary science teachers’ use of ICT in teaching, and to test the causal relationship between the variables. Overall, the ICTAM showed a good fit with the data and proved to have appropriate explanatory power based on responses collected from primary science teachers. Moreover, the results demonstrated that perceived usefulness was the key determinant of ICT usage.

Keywords: ICT, science teachers, Technology Acceptance Model, survey questionnaire, descriptive design, Kuwait

The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Mirroring the Experience of Typhoon Bopha Victims Joan Doliente ORCID No. 0000-0001-9108-9781 jpdoliente94@gmail.com Xavier University, Philippines Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 2:21 – 2:40 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Typhoon Bopha, the deadliest in the world that hit the east coast of Mindanao, Philippines on December 4, 2012, caused a massive destruction among lives and livelihood of myriad residents. This particular study looked into the experiential perspective of the interviewers on how interpersonal communication played very crucial role in assessing humanitarian programmatic measures on those heavily affected areas in Agusan del Sur, Compostella Valley and Surigao del Sur. The researchers made use of descriptivephenomenological design in the conduct of the study. Results accounted the researchers’ challenges encountered when being tested to the limits in patiently repeating and paraphrasing questions to put across the message, in verifying if answers were clearly captured, and in dealing with uncooperative beneficiary respondents. It affirmed that IPC, which is a package in itself, played a huge role in fieldwork; it came with patience, understanding the norms of the others and utmost care on the choices of words during the interview. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the stock of knowledge in communication research in Asia and help the aspiring researchers to consider IPC constantly during fieldwork.

Keywords: Interpersonal Communication, fieldwork, descriptive-phenomenological research, Philippines

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ISSN 2094-9529

DAY 2

International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and Environment 2014

Increasing Competitiveness of Batik SMEs in Indonesia: Market-Oriented Marketing Strategy Basuki Rachmat ORCID No. 0000-0002-3327-6746 basuki@perbanas.ac.id STIE Perbanas Surabaya, Indonesia Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 2:41 – 3:00 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 To enhance the competitiveness of Small-medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Batik clothes in Indonesia requires a well-planned, marketoriented marketing strategy. The fact is that lack of access to markets and the weakness of the marketing strategy are the crucial factors. This study has its long-term goal to improve the competitiveness of Batik SMEs in Indonesia and minimize the impact of free trade through the development of models of market-oriented marketing strategy. The study identified the internal and external marketing activities, the activity of the marketing mix, and formulated three-model strategy (grand strategy) to increase the competitiveness. The analysis was done using an internal marketing assessment matrix, matrix of external assessment matrix, matrix assessment of the marketing mix, market orientation, and assessment matrix. Each element of assessment assessed qualitatively, quantitatively, or semi-quantitatively using quality grade descriptors excellent, good, adequate, less, and very less.

The qualitative assessment was done using researcher judgment. The overall score calculation was done by finding the average score of SMEs. The first data are marketing activities internally and externally marketing; the second are marketing mix activities; and, formulate strategies to increase market orientation competitiveness. The result will be used in the development of a marketing strategy models to increase the competitiveness.

Keywords: Batik SMEs, competitiveness, marketing strategy, market orientation, mixed methods, Indonesia

The Success of Transmigrant from East Java in Migrant Location and its Impact on the Behavior of the Society from the Origin Sukesi ORCID No: 0000-0002-2144-7093 greenpct@yahoo.com University of Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia Hary Soegiri hary_soegiri@yahoo.com Akademi Teknik dan Keselamatan Penerbangan (ATKP), Surabaya, Indonesia Day 2: Aug. 27, 2014 · Time: 3:01 – 3:20 pm Venue: Meeting Room 3 Transmigration is one of the government’s solutions to achieve a balanced distribution of population, expand business opportunities, and improve the quality of production and income. This study identifies the social, economic, and cultural aspects, to create successful migrants, and analyze the forms of the success of what is transmitted by the migrants to the region of origin. It surveyed successful transmigration running T+3 representing East Kalimantan province, Berau regenc. As a descriptive qualitative analysis, the study conducted interviews and discussion which resulted in finding the presence of a strong magnet why to go to the location. The social aspect is a good adjustment to develop their businesses easily with a mutual cooperation. Economic aspects are related to the presence of jobs, in accordance with the capabilities and expertise of migrants concerned, such as from the area of ​​origin to be farmers, sharecroppers precisely, owning the wider land as well. It also attracts the residents to follow in the footsteps of their predecessor, and so on. In conclusion, the migrants are enthusiastic, hard working, and tenacious so as to increase their income and better housing conditions. All these are due to education, skill levels, income levels, feasibility of residence, place of business feasibility, and assets acquired.

Keywords: Consumer behavior, transmigrants, society behavior, descriptive-qualitative research, Indonesia

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

34

Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

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ISSN 2094-9529

Composed by: Randy A. Tudy Sung by: Cor Jesu College Hummingbirds Liturgical Choir International Standard Musical Number (ISMN) 979-0-9014916-0-1

IAMURE Hymn

International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and Environment 2014

The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia Î&#x2021; August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

IAMURE personnel Jony V. Berjes Executive Vice President and Publishing Manager jberjes@gmail.com +63 917 7175669

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ISSN 2094-9529

International Conference on Social Sciences, Health and Environment 2014

IAMURE Member Institutions Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology

Negros Oriental State University

Cagayan State University - Sanchez Mira

Philippine Normal University-Agusan Campus

Cebu Normal University

S.T.I.E. Perbanas

Central Mindanao University

San Isidro College

Davao Central College

San Pedro College

Davao Doctors College

Southern Leyte State University

De La Salle - Lipa

St. Peter’s College - Iligan City

Guimaras State College

Surigao del Sur State University

Holy Cross Davao College

Universidad de Zamboanga

John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod

University of Bohol

John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - MOLO

University of Cebu

La Consolacion College - Bacolod

University of Immaculate Concepcion

Leyte Normal University

University of Mindanao

Philippine Association of Institutions for Research, Inc.

University of Northern Philippines

Lyceum of the Philippines – Batangas

University of San Jose-Recoletos

Misamis University

Jose Rizal Memorial State University

Pamatasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela

Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba

Holy Trininty Colleges

Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology

Lipa City Colleges The Stones Hotel, Bali, Indonesia · August 26-27, 2014

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Theme: Integrity in Governance, Hearts Across Borders, Nourishing Environment

Philippine clients of IAMURE • Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies • Agusan del Sur State College of Agriculture and Technology • Ajuy National High School • AMA Computer College-Davao • Ateneo de Davao University • Ateneo de Manila University • Ateneo de Naga University • Ayungon National High School • Basakan Elementary School • Basilan State College • Bataan Peninsula State University • Batangas State University, ARASOF Nasugbu • Benguet State University • Bicol University • Bohol Island State University • Bukidnon State University • Bulacan State University • Cagayan State University • Cagayan State University - Sanchez Mira • Capitol University • Capiz State University • Caraga State University • Carlos Hilado Memorial State College • Cebu Institute of Technology – University • Cebu Normal University • Cebu Technological Univerisity-Barili Campus • Cebu Technological University • Central Bicol State University of Agriculture • Central Bicol State University of Agriculture-Sipocot • Central Mindanao University • Central Philippines State Unviersity • Colegio San Agustin-Bacolod • Colegio de San Juan de Letran Calamba • Consolacion Community College • CorJesu College • Daniel Mercado Medical Center Institute of Health Science • Davao Central College • Davao Doctors College • Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology • De La Salle Lipa • De La Salle University - Taft • Department of Education-Division of Cagayan de Oro City • Department of Social Welfare and Development Regional Field Office IV-A • Department of Education-Division of Leyte • Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University • Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University • Eastern Visayas State University • Father Saturnino Urios University • Guimaras State College • Holy Cross Davao College • Holy Name University • Holy Trininty Colleges • Ifugao State University

• Iligan Capitol College • Iligan Medical Center College • Iloilo State College of Fisheries-Dumangas • Iloilo National High School • Imus Institute • Isabela State University • Isabela State University San Mateo Campus • John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation - Bacolod • John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Arevalo • John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University - Molo • Jose Rizal Memorial State University • Kalinga-Apayao State College • Laguna State Polytechnic University • La Consolacion College - Bacolod • La Consolacion University • La Salle University – Ozamiz • Leyte Normal University • Liceo de Cagayan University • Lipa City Colleges • Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas • Macabalan National High School • Malinao National High School • Mariano Marcos State University • Manila Times College • Mapúa Institute of Technology • Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College • Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology • Mindanao University of Science and Technology • Mindoro State College of Agriculture and Technology – Calapan City Campus • Misamis University • Mountain View College • National Museum of the Philippines • Natom National High School • Negros Oriental State University • Northern Negros State College of Science & Technology • Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology • Nueva Vizcaya State University • Occidental Mindoro State College • Our Lady of Fatima University • Palawan State University • Palompon Institute of Technology • Pamantasanng Lungsod ng Maynila • Pamantasanng Lungsod ng Valenzuela • Partido State University • Philippine Christian University • Philippine Normal University • Philippine Normal University - Agusan Campus • Philippine Rice Research Institute • Polytechnic University of the Philippines • Quirino State College • Ramon Magsaysay Technological University • Saint Louis University • Samar State University

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• San Agustin Institute of Technology • San Pedro College • San Isidro College • Silliman University • Siquijor State College • Sorsogon State College • Southern Leyte State University • Southern Leyte State University-Tomas Oppus • Southern Luzon State University-Lucban • Southern Philippines Agri-Business and Marine and Aquatic School of Technology • Southern Philippines Medical Center • Southwestern University • St. Mary’s University • St. Paul University • St. Peter’s College - Iligan CIty • St. Therese-MTC Colleges • Sultan Kudarat State University • Surigao del Sur State University • Surigao State College of Technology • Surigao State College of Technology – Del Carmen Campus • Systems Plus College Foundation • Tarlac State University • Technological Institute of the Philippines • Universidad de Zamboanga • University of Antique • University of Baguio • University of Bohol • University of Cebu • University of Eastern Philippines • University of Immaculate Concepcion • University of Mindanao • University of Northern Philippines • University of Saint Louis-Tuguegarao • University of San Carlos • University of San Jose Recoletos • University of Santo Tomas • University of Southeastern Philippines • University of Southern Mindanao • University of Southern Philippines Foundation • University of the Cordilleras • University of the Immaculate Conception • University of the Philippines - Baguio • University of the Philippines - Cebu • University of the Philippines - Manila • University of the Philippines Los Baños • University of the Philippines Open University • University of St. La Salle • Wesleyan University • West Visayas State University • Western Mindanao State University • Western Philippines University • Western Visayas College of Science and Technology • Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan

ISSN 2094-9529