EXTENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ADOPTION SELECTED CASHEW PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AMONG CASHEW GROWERS IN SRIKA by IASET Journals

InternationalJournalofHumanities andSocialSciences(IJHSS)

ISSN(P):2319–393X;ISSN(E):2319–3948 Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;71–78 ©IASET

EXTENTOFKNOWLEDGEANDADOPTIONSELECTEDCASHEWPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGYAMONGCASHEWGROWERSINSRIKAKULAMDISTRICTOF ANDHRAPRADESH

GayathriM1&Jahanara2

1ResearchScholar,DepartmentofAgriculturalExtensionandCommunication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India

2ProfessorandHead,DepartmentofAgriculturalExtensionandCommunication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India

ABSTRACT

ThestudywasconductedinVanjrapukotthurublockofSrikakulamdistrict,AndhraPradesh.Bothpurposiveandrandom samplingprocedurewasfollowedforselectionofthedistrict,blocks,villagesandtherespondents.Thetotalsamplesizeof thestudywas120.Theresponsewasobtainedfromeachindividualrespondentinastructuredinterview.Thestudy revealedthatthemajority(54.16%)Cashewgrowerswerethemediumknowledgelevel.Regardingadoption,themajority (50.83%)Cashewgrowerswerebelowthemediumadoptionlevel.TheindependentvariablesnamelyAge,Education, Farmholding,Farmexperience,Annualincome,Scientificorientation,Massmediaexposure,Marketorientation,Risk orientation,extensioncontactwaspositiveandsignificantrelationshipwithknowledgeandadoptionlevelobtainedfrom correlationstudy,WhereasFamilysizeshowedpositiveandnon-significantwithknowledgeandadoptionlevelofcashew growersat1percentlevelofsignificance.

KEYWORDS:Knowledge,Adoption

ArticleHistory

Received:27Jul2022|Revised:02Aug2022|Accepted:03Aug2022

INTRODUCTION

Cashew(AnacardiumoccidentaleL.)anativeofEasternBrazil,wasintroducedtoIndiajustasothercommercialcrops likeRubber,Coffee,Teaetc.bythePortuguesenearlyfivecenturiesback.Cashewbecameoneoftheimportantplantation cropswithitssignificantcontributiontothecountry'sforeignexchangethroughexportofprocessedcashewkernelsand CashewNutShellLiquid(CNSL).Indiaisthelargestareaholderofthiscrop.AmongtheAgri-Horticulturalcommodities gettingexportedfromIndia,cashewranksthe2ndposition.(Balarubinietal.,2014)

MaharashtratopsfirstintermsofproductionamongtheothermajorcashewgrowingstatesofIndiafollowedby AndhraPradeshandOdisha.TamilNadustandssixthincashewproductioninthecountry.InIndiacashewwascultivated inabout1062.04millionha.Commercialcultivationofcashewistakenupineightstatesofourcountrymainlyinwest andeasterncoastviz.,AndhraPradesh,Goa,Karnataka,Kerala,Maharashtra,Orissa,TamilNaduandWestBengal.In addition,cashewisalsogrowninfewpocketsofAssam,Chhattisgarh,Gujarat,Meghalaya,NagalandandTripura.The WesterncoastalStates,i.e.,Goa,Kerala,KarnatakaandMaharashtrainthewestcoastandAndhraPradesh,TamilNadu,Orissa andWestBengalintheeasterncoastofIndia,arethemainproducerofcashewnutinthecountry.(Anusuyaetal.,2020)

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RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY

Theresearchdesignoptedforthestudyisdescriptiveresearchdesign.Thistypeofdesignisoptedgenerallywhenthe researcherwantstostudythecurrentsituationinadescriptivemanner.ThepresentstudywasconductedinSrikakulam districtofAndhraPradesh,fromSrikakulamdistrictVajrapukotthuruMandalwasselectedpurposivelybasedon considerablenumberofrespondents.FromVajrapukotthuruMandalatotalofEightvillagesi.e.,Pollada,Suryamani Puram,Pathatekkali,Ramakrishnapuram,Peddamuraharipuram,Pudijagannadhapuram,Vajrapukotthuru,andlegallywere selectedrandomlyfortheselectedpresentstudy.

OBJECTIVESOFTHESTUDY

 ToascertaintheKnowledgelevelofCashewgrowersinselectedcashewproductiontechnology

 ToascertaintheExtentofAdoptionofCashewgrowersinselectedcashewproductiontechnology

RESULTSANDDISCUSSION

Table1:KnowledgeLevelofCashewGrowersinSelectedCashewProductionTechnology

ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987

NAASRating3.17

72 GayathriM&Jahanara

S.No Particulars Response Fully Correct Partially Correct Not Correct 1 Suitablesoilsforcashewcultivation 30 (25.00%) 77 (64.16%) 13 (10.83%) 2 Sourcesofplantingmaterial 45 (37.5%) 65 (54.16%) 10 (8.33%) 3 Appropriateageofcashewgraftsselectedforplanting 37 (30.83%) 69 (57.50%) 14 (11.66%) 4 Recommendedpitsizeforplantingcashewgrafts 39 (32.50%) 68 (56.66%) 13 (10.83%) 5 Recommendedspacingforcashewplanting 49 (40.83%) 54 (45.00%) 17 (14.16%) 6 RecommendedquantityofFYMtobeappliedin pitbeforeplanting 49 (40.83%) 51 (42.50%) 20 (16.66%) 7 RecommendedquantityofSSPtobeappliedper pitbeforeplanting 38 (31.66%) 54 (45.00%) 28 (23.33%) 8 RecommendedquantityofNeemcaketobeapplied perpitbeforeplanting 23 (19.16%) 65 (54.16%) 32 (26.66%) 9 RecommendedquantityofUreatobeappliedper treeperyear 41 (34.16%) 59 (49.16%) 20 (16.66%) 10 RecommendedquantityofSingleSuperPhosphateto beappliedpertreeperyear 35 (21.16%) 65 (54.16%) 20 (16.66%) 11 Recommendedradialdistancefromthetree trunkforfertilizerapplication 25 (20.83%) 57 (47.50%) 38 (31.66%) 12 StemandRootBorerismoreprevalentintreesofabove7years 40 (33.33%) 55 (45.83%) 25 (20.83%) 13 Averageyieldofabovetenyearsoldcashewnuttree 37 (30.83%) 53 (44.16%) 30 (25.00%) 14 Timeoffirstsplitapplicationofrecommendedfertilizer 45 (37.50%) 55 (45.83%) 20 (16.66%) 15 Coveringmaterialsofthetreetrenchesin summertocontrolevaporation 24 (20.00%) 75 (62.50%) 28 (23.33%) 16 Criticalstagesofirrigation 13 (10.83%) 74 (61.66%) 27 (22.50%) 17 Pestthatcausesdroppingoffruits 32 (26.66%) 69 (57.50%) 19 (15.83%)

FromTable1resultsrevealedtheitemwiseknowledgeofcashewgrowersovertheselectedproduction technologyofcashewinmajorityofrespondentspercentagesare:ControlofCashewStemandRootBorer(CSRB) throughCarbarylsolutionoverthebarkofthetrunkandFogisthecausativefactorforflowerdropping,Irrigationinterval duringfruitformation(70.83%),Importanceremovalofrootsuckersinfirstyearofcashewplantation(65.00%)Timeof applicationoforganicmanures(67.50%),Coveringmaterialsofthetreetrenchesinsummertocontrolevaporation (62.50%),EffectivetimeofcontrolT-MosquitoBug(65.00%),IdentificationsymptomsofStemBorer(58.33%),Affected partsofT-MosquitoBug(55.83%).

ExtentofKnowledgeandAdoptionSelectedCashewProductionTechnologyAmongCashewGrowersin 73 SrikakulamDistrictofAndhraPradesh www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us Table1:Contd., 18 Timeofapplicationoforganicmanures 29 (24.16%) 81 (67.50%) 10 (8.33%) 19 Heightandtimeoftrainingandpruning. 23 (19.16%) 67 (55.83%) 30 (25.00%) 20 ControlofLeafandBlossomWebbercanbe controlledbysprayingspinosad 41 (34.16%) 69 (57.50%) 10 (8.33%) 21 Importanceremovalofrootsuckersinfirstyear ofcashewplantation 15 (12.50%) 78 (65.00%) 27 (22.50%) 22 PropagationofStemandRootBorer 50 (41.66%) 55 (45.83%) 15 (12.50%) 23 Removalofflowersinthefirsttwoyears ofcashewplantation 25 (20.83%) 50 (41.66%) 45 (37.50%) 24 ControlofCashewStemandRootBorer(CSRB) throughCarbarylsolutionoverthebarkofthetrunk 20 (16.66%) 85 (70.83%) 15 (12.50%) 25 Fogisthecausativefactorforflowerdropping 15 (12.50%) 65 (54.16%) 40 (33.33%) 26 Irrigationintervalduringfruitformation 21 (17.50%) 85 (70.83%) 14 (11.66%) 27 TimeoffloweringandfruitbearingofBPP-6variety 27 (22.50%) 75 (62.50%) 18 (15.00%) 28 RequirementofTADIfencingonallsidesupto 2-3yearsofplanting 20 (16.66%) 45 (37.50%) 55 (45.83%) 29 PreventingT-MosquitoBugthroughremoval ofNeemtrees. 25 (20.83%) 55 (45.83%) 40 (33.33%) 30 Appropriatetimeofapplicationofsecondsplitdose offertilizers 20 (16.66%) 57 (47.50%) 43 (35.83%) 31 GummosisisthesymptomofStemandRootBorer 40 (33.33%) 65 (54.16%) 15 (12.50%) 32 EffectofThripsdamage. 41 (34.16%) 59 (49.16%) 20 (16.66%) 33 EffectivetimeofcontrolT-MosquitoBug 32 (26.66%) 78 (65.00%) 10 (8.33%) 34 IdentificationsymptomsofStemBorer. 30 (25.00%) 70 (58.33%) 20 (16.66%) 35 AffectedpartsofT-MosquitoBug 33 (27.50%) 67 (55.83%) 20 (16.66%)

FromTable2,itcanbeseenthatmajorityoftherespondents(54.16%)hadmediumlevelofknowledgeregarding thecashewproductiontechnology,followedby26.66percentoftherespondentshavehighlevelsand19.18percentof therespondentshavelowlevelsofknowledgeregardingthecashewproductiontechnology.Thesefindingswerefound similartothefindingsinDineshandJeya(2021).

*=Significantat0.05levelofprobability

**=Significantat0.01levelofprobability

N.S=non-Significant

Theco-efficientofco-relationbetweentheage(0.9210),education(0.8407),Farmholding(0.9793),Farm experience(0.8701),Annualincome(0.8275),scientificorientation(0.8412)andmassmediaexposure(0.9994),Market orientation(0.8745),Riskorientation(0.8701),Extensioncontacts(0.9793)andtheknowledgelevelasmorethanthetable value“r”

at1percentlevelofsignificance.Whiletheco-efficientofco-relationbetweenFamilysize(0.0270)wasmore thanthetablevalue“r”at1percentnon-significant.Itcanbeinferredthatthereisapositiveandsignificantrelationship betweenage,education,Farmholding,Farmexperience,annualincome,scientificorientation.Massmediaexposure,

ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987 NAASRating3.17

at1percentlevelofsignificance.Whiletheco-efficientofco-relationbetweenFamilysize(0.0270)wasmore NAASRating3.17

74 GayathriM&Jahanara

S.No Over-allKnowledgeLevel Frequency Percentage 1 Low(37-59) 23 19.18 2 Medium(60-82) 65 54.16 3 High(83-105) 32 26.66 Total 120 100.00

Table2:OverallKnowledgeLevelofRespondentsonSelectedCashewProductionTechnology Figure1:OverallKnowledgeLevelofRespondentsonSelectedCashew ProductionTechnology.

S.NoIndependentVariable Co-efficientCorrelation(r) 1 Age 0.9210** 2 Education 0.8407** 3 Farmholding 0.9793** 4 Farmexperience 0.8701** 5 FamilySize 0.0270(N.S) 6 Annualincome 0.8275** 7 Scientificorientation 0.8412** 8 Massmediaexposure 0.9994** 9 Marketorientation 0.8745** 10 Riskorientation 0.8701** 11 Extensioncontacts 0.9793**

Table3:RelationshipBetweentheKnowledgeLevelandSocio-EconomicProfileofthe CashewGrowersonSelectedProductionTechnology

S.No

High(83-105) Total DineshandJeya(2021). Co-efficientCorrelation(r) Age 0.9210** Education 0.8407** Farmholding 0.9793** Farmexperience 0.8701** FamilySize Annualincome 0.8275** Scientificorientation 0.8412** Massmediaexposure 0.9994** Marketorientation 0.8745** 10 Riskorientation 0.8701** 11 Extensioncontacts 0.9793**

Table2:OverallKnowledgeLevelofRespondentsonSelectedCashewProductionTechnology Frequency

similartothefindingsin

Marketorientation,Riskorientation,extensioncontactsandknowledgelevelofthecashewgrowersonselectedproduction technology.Itcanbeinferredthatthereisapositiveandnon-significantrelationshipbetweenFamilysizeandknowledge levelofthecashewgrowersonselectedproductiontechnology.

Table4:ExtentofAdoptionofCashewGrowersinSelectedCashewProductionTechnology

ExtentofKnowledgeandAdoptionSelectedCashewProductionTechnologyAmongCashewGrowersin 75 SrikakulamDistrictofAndhraPradesh

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S.No Particulars LevelofAdoptionbyRespondents FA PA NA F % F % F % A Planting 1 GrowingofcashewinLightsoil 4638.347461.66-2 Diggingpitsof1m×1m×1msize 3831.666755.831512.50 3 Procuringthecashewgraftsfromthenurseriesraisedby HorticultureDepartment 1714.163226.667159.16 4 SelectionofBPP-8orBPP-9variety. 2924.163831.665344.16 5 Selectingthegraftsofmorethan 6monthsagewith7-15leaves 3730.836655.001714.16 6 PlantingthecashewgraftsinthemonthsofJune–July. 3831.667764.1654.16 7 Maintainingsufficientdistancebetweenthesoilandgraftingjoint. 3025.008066.66108.33 8 Plantingthegraftsafterremovingthepolyethylenebags. 9881.662218.34-9 Recommendedspacingbetweencashewplantsas7mX7m 3025.008066.66108.33 10 Confiningnumberofplantsperacreas80-90. 3730.837965.8343.33 11 Removingrootsuckersinfirstyear 2218.338167.501714.16 B. Manuresandfertilizers: 12 ApplicationofRecommendeddosageofmanuresinthepitsatthe timeofplanting(10kgFYM+2KgNeemcake+200gSSP) 2319.166150.833630.00 13 Applicationofonlyorganicmanuresinthefirstyearofplanting. 1411.667461.663226.66 14 Applicationoffertilizersattherateof1100gUrea+750gSSP+ 225gMOPintwosplitsintheplantationofabovefiveyearsold 3932.507260.00108.33 15 Applicationoffertilizersin15cmdeepfurrowsbyRingmethod 2420.008167.501512.50 16 Applicationoffertilizers1-1.5metersawayfromthetreetrunk. 3428.348671.66-C. Irrigation: 17 Givingirrigationimmediatelyafterplanting 3327.508772.50-18 Irrigatingeachplantwith200Litreofwateratanintervalof15 daysfromJanuarytoMarch. 119.165848.335142.50 19 Givingirrigationatthetimeofcriticalstagesoffruitformationand Nutdevelopment - - 4739.167360.83 D. Intercultivation: 20 Ploughthetreetrenchesbetweenrowstoremoveweeds. 1714.163730.836655.00 21 Mulchingwithorganicmatterlikedryleavesorstrawatthetree basetocontrolevaporation. - 3125.848974.16 E. TrainingandPruning: 22 Trainingoftreestoensurebettercanopyshape 2016.663529.166554.16 23 Pruningtheoldagedplantationsonceintwoyears. 2924.167747.501411.66 F. Plantprotection 24 SprayingofNeemoilsolutiononceinfourmonthstoprevent CashewStemandRootBorer 119.164739.166251.66 25 InsertingAluminiumPhosphidetabletsattherateof1-2per chiselledoutholeinthetrunktocontrolStemandRootBorer. 1815.004436.665848.33 G. Harvesting: 26 HarvestingofthefruitstwomonthsafterfloweringduringMarch–May 2722.507965.831411.66 27 HarvestingthematurenutswhengraincolourturnsPinkishtoGrey colour 4134.167965.83-28 Dryingthenutsfor2–4daysintheSun. 4940.837159.16-29 Storingtheproduceonlyafterdrying. 120100 - - - -

FromTable5Itcanbeunderstoodthatmostoftherespondents(50.83%)hadmediumlevelofadoption, followedby26.66percentoftherespondentshavehighlevelsand22.51percentoftherespondentshavelowlevelsof adoptionregardingtherecommendedpracticesintomatocultivation.Thesefindingswerefoundsimilartothefindingsin Sajeevetal.,

*=Significantat0.05levelofprobability, **=Significantat0.01levelofprobability N.S=non-Significant

Theco-efficientofco-relationbetweentheage(0.9347),education(0.8196),Farmholding(0.5575),Farm experience(0.8509),Annualincome(0.8058),scientificorientation(0.9995)andmassmediaexposure(0.9955),Market orientation(0.8556)Riskorientation(0.8509),Extensioncontacts(0.9862)andtheknowledgelevelasmorethanthetable value“r”

at1percentlevelofsignificance.Whiletheco-efficientofco-relationbetweenFamilysize(0.0951)wasmore thanthetablevalue“r”at1percentlevelofnon-significant.Itcanbeinferredthatthereisapositiveandsignificant relationshipbetweentheage,education,Farmholding,Farmexperience,annualincome,scientificorientation.Massmedia exposure,Marketorientation,Riskorientation,extensioncontactsandadoptionlevelofthecashewgrowersonselected

at1percentlevelofsignificance.Whiletheco-efficientofco-relationbetweenFamilysize(0.0951)wasmore -significant.Itcanbeinferredthatthereisapositiveandsignificant

76 GayathriM&Jahanara ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987 NAASRating3.17

S.No Over-allAdoptionLevel Frequency Percentage 1 Low(31-49) 27 22.51 2 Medium(50-68) 61 50.83 3 High(69-87) 32 26.66 Total 120 100.00

Table5:OverallAdoptionLevelofRespondentsonSelectedCashewProductionTechnology (2015). Figure2:OverallAdoptionLevelofRespondentsonSelectedCashew ProductionTechnology.

S.No IndependentVariable Co-efficientCorrelation(r) 1 Age 0.9347** 2 Education 0.8196** 3 Farmholding 0.5575** 4 Farmexperience 0.8509** 5 FamilySize 0.0951(N.S) 6 Annualincome 0.8058** 7 Scientificorientation 0.9995** 8 Massmediaexposure 0.9955** 9 Marketorientation 0.8556** 10 Riskorientation 0.8509** 11 Extensioncontacts 0.9862**

Table6:RelationshipBetweentheKnowledgeLevelandSocio-EconomicProfileoftheCashewGrowers onSelectedProductionTechnology

Percentage 1 27 2 61 3 32 Total 120

Figure2:OverallAdoptionLevelofRespondentsonSelectedCashew ProductionTechnology.

Co-efficientCorrelation(r) Age 0.9347** Education 0.8196** Farmholding 0.5575** Farmexperience 0.8509** FamilySize Annualincome 0.8058** Scientificorientation 0.9995** Massmediaexposure 0.9955** Marketorientation 0.8556** 10 Riskorientation 0.8509** 11 Extensioncontacts 0.9862**

Table6:RelationshipBetweentheKnowledgeLevelandSocio-EconomicProfileoftheCashewGrowers

NAASRating3.17

productiontechnology.Itcanbeinferredthatthereisapositiveandnon-significantrelationshipbetweenFamilysizeand adoptionlevelofthecashewgrowersonselectedproductiontechnology.Thesefindingswerefoundsimilartothefindings inSajeevetal.,(2018).

CONCLUSION

Itisconcludedthatthesocio-economicprofileofthesamplegroupweremediumlevel.Itwasevidentthattheknowledge ofcashewgrowersonproductionpracticeswasmediumlevel.Itwasalsofoundthattheadoptionofcashewgrowerson productionpracticesweremediumlevel.Thereisnoassociationbetweensocioeconomic-economiccharactersand knowledge,adoption.Therefore,nullhypothesisisrejected.Thestudydeclaredthatmajorityoftherespondentsexpressed theirproblemssuchaslackofknowledgeaboutrecognizedsourceofplantingmaterial,Lackofknowledgeabout recommendedpesticidesandtheirdosages,highcostofmanuresandfertilizers,lackofproperknowledgeaboutmarket priceetc.,Hence,thegovernmentshouldbeconductedextensionserviceslikeagriculturaltrainingprogrammes,Krishi melaetc.,forimprovedinordertobuildthecapacityofcashewgrowersoncashewproduction.Duetotheseprogrammes theknowledgewillbehighaswellasrespondentsinadoptionbeinmajoritylevel.

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ExtentofKnowledgeandAdoptionSelectedCashewProductionTechnologyAmongCashewGrowersin 77 SrikakulamDistrictofAndhraPradesh

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