InternationalJournalofHumanities andSocialSciences(IJHSS)
ISSN(P):2319–393X;ISSN(E):2319–3948
Vol.11,Issue2,Jul–Dec2022;79–84
©IASET
ADOPTIONBEHAVIOUROFLACGROWERSTOWARDSIMPROVEDLACCULTIVATION
PRACTICESINWESTSINGHBHUMDISTRICTOFJHARKHAND
SushantBiruli1&DipakKumarBose2
1ResearchScholar,DepartmentofAgricultureExtension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
2AssociateProfessor,DepartmentofAgricultureExtension&Communication,SHUATS,Prayagraj,India
ABSTRACT
ThestudywasconductedinManoharpurblackofWestSinghbhumdistrictofJharkhand.Atotalnumberof120 respondentswereselectedpurposivelyfrom8villagesunderManoharpurblocktomeasurethelevelofknowledgein improvedlaccultivation.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterviewmethodbyusingpre-structuredinterviewschedule andlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysiswasdonetodrawlogicalconclusion.Thestudyrevealedthat51.66percentof respondentsbelongtomiddleagegroupandcombined46.66percentofrespondentsunderupperprimaryandsecondary schoollevel.Itwasfoundthatmajority51.66percentofrespondentsbelongtomediumleveloflandholding,i.e.,3-7 acres.Thefindingalsorevealedthat46.66percentofrespondentsarehavingmiddlelevelofknowledgefollowedby32.5 percentofhighand20.84percentoflowlevelofknowledgeofimprovedlaccultivationpractices.
KEYWORD:LacCultivation,Knowledge,WestSinghbhum,Jharkhand
ArticleHistory
Received:20Jul2022|Revised:04Aug2022|Accepted:08Aug2022
INTRODUCTION
Lacisthegiftofnaturetomankindandistheonlyknowncommercialresinofanimalorigin.Itisthehardenedresin secretedbythetinylacinsectsbelongingtoabugfamily.Lacisaresinousprotectivesecretionfromofthelacinsects. Thissecretionhasgreatcommercialvalue.So,lacinsectiscultivatedandlaciscollectedfromthehostplant.Toproduce1 kgoflacresin,around3,00,000insectslosetheirlife.Thelacinsectyieldresin,lacdyeandlacwax.Applicationofthese productshasbeenupdatingwithtime.LacstillfindsextensiveuseinAyurvedaandSiddhasystemofmedicine.Lachas theuniquepropertiesofbeingeco-friendly,biodegradableandself-sustainable.Moreover,itisanaturalmaterialandthus currentlyithasassumedspecialimportance.Sincelacinsectsareculturedonhosttreeswhicharegrowingprimarilyin wastelandareas,promotionoflacanditsculturecanhelpineco-systemdevelopmentwithreasonablyhigheconomic returns.Italsoactsasasourceoflivelihoodfortribalandpoorsub-forestareas.
Earlierlacwasnotcultivatedbutcollectedfromnaturallyoccurringinfestedhostplantsinforestarepersonally holding.InthebeginningoftwentiethcenturylachostplantationswereraisesinplainsofIndiatocatertotheneedsof growingdemandoflactrade.Technologyinterventionsinthefieldoflacproductioncameintoforceafterthe establishmentofIndianlacresearchinstitute,Namkum,Ranchi(Jharkhand,laterchristenedasIINRG).Researcheson improvementsintheprocessingandproductsdevelopmentwasalsostartedbytheinstituteandforwhichfundamental researchworkonlacchemistry,itsstructureandappliedaspectsontheuseoflacinvarietiesofapplicationwere
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undertaken.Beingaversatileresinofwideutilitylacismainlyusedinsurfacecoating,pharmaceuticals,varnish,adhesive, electrical,foodandleatherindustries.Inadditiontothose,by-productsoflaclikelacdyeandlacwaxarealsoused extensively.Inimicalbiotaoflacinsectincludespredators,parasiteanddiseases.Predatorsincludebothvertebrateand invertebratewhileparasitesareallinsects.Eublemaamabilis,PseudophyotapapulveraandChysopaspparethemain predators.Thelosscausedbythepredatorsandparasitesamountto35-40%annuallyonanaverageofwhich6-8%damage tothelaccropbytheinimicalparasites.Pointsofmajorconsiderationsare:(Ⅰ)currentandfuturestatusofthepest,(Ⅱ) economicsofthepestmanagementand(Ⅲ)environmentalsustainabilityofdifferentcontrolmeasures.(Mishra2017)
In1925,IndianLacResearchInstitute(currentlynamedasIndianInstituteofNaturalresinandgums)isbeen establishedatNamkum,Ranchi.Thisinstituteproducesgoodqualityofwhitelac.Indianwhitelacissupposedtobebetter thanredorothercolouredleavesstainsattheplaceswheretheyarekept.
MATERIALSANDMETHODS
ThestudywasconductedinManoharpurblockofWestSinghbhumdistrictofJharkhand.Descriptiveresearchdesignwas adoptedforthestudyasitdescribesthecharacteristicsorphenomenathatarebeingstudied.120respondentswereselected purposivelyfrom8villagesunderManoharblockofWestSinghbhumdistricttomeasurethelevelofknowledgeof improvedlaccultivationpractice.Thedatawascollectedbypersonalinterviewmethodbyusingpre-structuredinterview scheduleandlatterappropriatestatisticalanalysis(i.e.,frequency,percentage,correlationetc.)wasdonetodrawlogical conclusion.
OBJECTIVE:TodeterminetheknowledgeofimprovedlaccultivationpracticesbyrespondentsofWestSinghbhum districtofJharkhandanditsimpactonthesocio-economicstatusoftherespondents.
RESULTSANDDISCUSSION
ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987
NAASRating3.17
80
SushantBiruli&DipakKumarBose
S.No IndependentVariable Category Frequency Percentage 1. Age Young(upto35years) 40 33.34 Middle(36-55years) 62 51.66 Old(Above55years) 18 15.00 2. Education Illiterate 23 19.16 Primary 9 7.50 Upperprimary 43 35.83 Secondary 13 10.83 UpperSecondary 24 20.00 Graduateandabove 8 6.68 3. Familysize Small(1-3) 42 35.00 Medium(4-6) 62 51.66 Large(>7) 16 13.34 4. Annualincome Low(upto1lakh) 42 35.00 Medium(1-2lakh) 65 54.16 High(2lakhabove) 13 10.84 5. Occupation Agriculture 40 33.34 Agriculture+business 50 41.66 Agriculture+services 30 25.00 6. Landholding Low(1-3acre) 35 29.16 Medium(3-7acre) 62 51.66 High(above7acre) 23 19.18
Table1:Socio-EconomicProfileandSelectedIndependentVariablesoftheRespondents
Fromthetable-1.Itwasfoundthat51.66percentoftherespondentsareundermiddleagegroup(36-55years).It wasfoundthat46.66percentoftherespondentsarewithupperprimaryandsecondaryeducation.Itwasfoundthat51.66 %ofrespondentsareundermediumfamily(4-6).Itwasfoundthat54.16percentoftherespondentsareundermedium level(1-2lakh).Itwasfoundthat41.66percentoftherespondentsareunderagriculture+businessoccupation.Itwas foundthatmajority51.66percentoftherespondentsareundermediumlandholding(3-7acres).Itwasfoundthat54.16 percentoftherespondentsarehavingmediumleveloflacfarmingexperiences(11-20years).Itwasfoundthat48.34per centoftherespondentsarehavingmediumuseoflacfarmingmethods.Itfoundthatmajorityoftherespondents45.00per centarewithmediumextensioncontact.Itwasfoundthatmajority48.34percentoftherespondentsarehavinglow mediumbearingcapacity.SimilarfindingisalsoreportedbyPal(2017).
Table2:DistributionofRespondentsAccordingtoKnowledgeofRespondentstowardsImprovedLac
Fromthetable-2wecanfindthatmajority(43.32%)oftherespondentshaveknowledgeofsowingaccordingto commencementofrainsfollowedby40.84%oftherespondentshavingknowledgeofnumberofyieldsperyear,timeof applicationofinsecticides(33.34%),preparethehostplantbeforetransplanting(33.34%),materialsuseforinoculation (32.50%),removalofbroodlacsticksaftercompilationofinoculation(32.50%),pestmanagement(28.33%),verities (27.50%),harvestingtype(27.50%),harvesting(18.34%),minimumageofhostplant(17.50%).Similarfindingsalso reportedbySingh(2015).
AdoptionBehaviourofLacGrowersTowardsImprovedLacCultivationPracticesinWestSinghBhumDistrictofJharkhand 81 www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us Table1Contd., 7. Lacfarmingexperience Low(1-10years) 34 28.34 Medium(11-20years) 65 54.16 High(above20years) 21 17.50 8. Methodsuseinlacfarming Low 39 32.50 Medium 58 48.34 High 23 19.16 9. ExtensionContact Low 47 39.17 Medium 54 45.00 High 19 15.83 10. Riskbearingcapacity Low 45 37.50 Medium 58 48.34 High 17 14.16
CultivationPractices S.No Statement FC PC NC F % F % F % 1. Minimumageofhostplant 2117.507260.002722.50 2. Preparethehostplantbeforetransmissionofinsect 4033.345949.162117.50 3. Materialusesforinoculation 3932.506856.661310.84 4. Sowingisdoneaccordingtocommencementofrains. 5243.325445.001411.68 5. Removalbroodlacstickaftercompilationofinoculation. 3932.505142.503025.00 6. Verities 3327.505344.163428.34 7. Timeofapplicationofinsecticides 4433.346453.321613.34 8. Pestmanagement 3428.336755.831915.84 9. Harvesting 2218.347562.502319.16 10. Harvestingtype 3327.505142.503630.00 11. Noofyieldperyear 4940.843831.663327.50
Tableno3indicatethatthemostoftherespondent’s49.16percenthadmediumlevelofknowledgeofimproved laccultivationpracticesfollowedbyhigh30.84percentandlow20percent.
Fromtheabovetableno4wecanunderstandthecorrelationofindependentvariableswithdependentvariables. Independentvariablesareage,education,familysize,annualincome,occupation,landholding,lacfarmingexperience, methodsuseinlacfarming,extensioncontactsandriskbearingcapacityanddependentvariableisknowledgeofimproved laccultivationpractices.Thestudyrevealedthatindependentvariableshavenegativeandsignificantcorrelationwith knowledgeofimprovedlaccultivationpractices.Therefore,nullhypothesisisrejected.
CONCLUSION
Itisconcludedthattheageofthemostoftherespondentsareundermiddleagegroupandtheireducationstatusisupper primary.Majorityoftherespondentspossessedmediumleveloflandholding(4-6acres).Themostoftherespondents havemediumlevelofmethodsuseinimprovedlaccultivationpractices.Majorityrespondentswerelowlevelofextension
82 SushantBiruli&DipakKumarBose ImpactFactor(JCC):7.0987 NAASRating3.17
S.No KnowledgeLevel Frequency Percentage 1. Low 24 20.00 2. Medium 59 49.16 3. High 37 30.84 Total 120 100.00
Table3:DistributionofRespondentsaccordingtotheKnowledgeLevel
Figure1:DistributionofRespondentsaccordingtheirKnowledgeof ImprovedLacCultivationPractices.
S.No IndependentVariables Knowledge 1. Age 0.621* 2. Education 0.932* 3. Familysize 0.561* 4. Annualincome 0.568* 5. Occupation 0.621* 6. Landholding 0.776* 7. Lacfarmingexperience 0.785* 8. Methodsuseinlacfarming 0.659* 9. Extensioncontacts 0.331* 10. Riskbearingcapacity 0.446* *=significant
Table4:AssociationbetweenSelectedIndependentVariableswith KnowledgeofImprovedLacCultivationPractices
82
S.No KnowledgeLevel Percentage 1. Age 2. 3. Familysize 4. Annualincome 5. 6. 7. 8. Methodsuseinlacfarming 9. 10. NAASRating3.17
Table3:DistributionofRespondentsaccordingtotheKnowledgeLevel
contactandriskbearingcapacity.Theoverallknowledgeofimprovedlaccultivationpracticesfoundundermediumlevel. Thestudyrevealedthatoccupation,extensioncontactandriskbearingcapacityhavenegativeandsignificantcorrelation remainindependentvariablesarepositivecorrelationwithknowledgeofimprovedlaccultivationpractices.
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AdoptionBehaviourofLacGrowersTowardsImprovedLacCultivationPracticesinWestSinghBhumDistrictofJharkhand 83 www.iaset.us editor@iaset.us